Crkva svetog Stefana na Šćepan polju pod Soko-gradom

28). llpar H jenan OJl noBpaDlHKa OTKpHBeBH cy in situ. Y oKBHpY 3lfll:OB& IIpHIlp&Te OCTao je pe1IaTHBBo ;o:06po 0':IYBaH 3a.:nmaHH.iYJKHH nopra.n: npanpare ca nparoa H JlC1LC4mo o6paljeHHM ~OBpa'J'llHUHM,a O'I}'BllBHM YBHCHDB 1,50, O~OCBO 1,70 M (CJI. 13 H 33). IIpe,n;n.a CTpaB8.



H



JlOBpa:rmoC8., mHpHHe 25 UM, )'KpaIDeB8. je OpHaMeB-



IIp030pa



TOM »jajaeror DITIlIIa« HJIH »t)ep;u:ana« H3Mel)y TpllK8. y



0Iampmm nposopaKOjH cy HMaJIH perr.e4mo YK,pa~OBe aepcearao npanana H BebHna paBBOKIIeCaBHX ~OIlp03OPHHKaH nonnposopaaxa, pa-



meae ropae



})eRa 0;0: HCTe apere KaMeHa - pena'IHBBO MeKOI' nenrsapa. lIa.JwJ.:enH cy YJ:JIYIY npeTeJICBO Y3 ceBepBH H jyJlam: 31m sananor TpSBeja H O):tl'OBapajyhe 3lmOBe HCTO'lHor ;O:e.JIa IIpHIIpaTe. HeICOJIHKO OBHX paBBO KJlec8.HHX »xaMeBHX rpemnta« Ha.l;eHO je Y nenocpenao] 6J1H3HHH 3lmllHor HKOBOCTaca. Ha je.uuOM yJIOMKY H3 Te CKYDHHenpeoerana cy H rparosa 4JpecKo Ma.IITepll. Y3H3BeClIY pesepsy MOrJIO 6H 3a.KJ&yqHTH ~ cy ce RaJl83HJIH Y ~jH ~OBpa'l1lHX8. wrrapcKHX ABepH.



CIl. 12. Hagrlp090puu1( AWuo4Jope caceeepuot suga saJla{J1WT rapaseja (t/JoUlO 1972. T.)



Fig. 12. Stoneworkabove the monofora from the northern wall of the western bay (photo 1972)



BHJJY TOpJlHpaBor )'1ICeTa. BH'IlIO je HaD0MeJIYl'H Jla OCHMje~or eaCBHM MaJIOr YJlOMKa y myry DBje OTKpH-



CIl. 13. J~u Qopf11aJl QpuIlpa11le «oeM ge.tlUMUIUIe 06uose (t/JoUlO 1973. T.)



Fig. 13. Southern portal o/the narthex after partial reconstruction (photo 1973)



 :QPKBA CBIrrOf CTEG>AHA HA III'BEIIAH TIOJLY



noa COKO-I'PA;J;OM



149



CA. 14. c1>pa1Me1allU 1t'tJJ.f£1Ie 1lJU1I:1llU1Ce: fWH3O/UJ U3 apuapar.ue (1), KOU3O/I£ aogcUlpelUja (2), !J06pa1llHU1(!JtUlagHOc ClQp'lllaAa apuapmlle (3), aOJlYJClVlU11le.ll U!1lU)11lla KOfJ jy3raloc suga apuapmlle (4),



900 1I0lt)11CQ1lU1/ll!Jl cajpcHor uoptuasa? (5),900 6eHUp aogCUlpeUlja (6) u goo Hag6pa1llHU1(a saaagnor ClQpTllaJta llpUIlpauu? (7) Fig. 14. Fragments ofstonework: consolefrom the narthex (1), consolefrom the space beneath the eaves (2), doorframe ofthe western portal ofthe narthex (3), semi-capitolfrom the debris beside the southern waU ofthe narthex (4), part of the semi-capitolfrom the southern portal? (5), part ofa wreath in the space beneath the eaves (6) and part of the stonework above the western portal ofthe narthex? (7)



BeB BH je):1aD 4Jplll'Mem ca OBIlICBHM lCJIecaBHM 0pHaMeHTOM, KOjH 6H onronapao ropH>HM He):1OCTajyhHM ):1eJIOBHM8. ):10BpaTlDllC8.. Y myIy HCIIpe):1 jy)IcHor rropraJIa arKpHBeHa



cy TpH



JIY'DlO JCJIeCl1lI8. MOlal



JIYHeTe



KOjaje H~ erajana UB.,D; Ibel'OBHM :Ba,II;BpaTBHKOM.21 0.0; sananaor IIOpT&JI8. npanpare, KOjH je 3BaTBO CJIa6Hje O'I)'BaH, OTICpHBCH je npar ca ,D;OILHM ~BHMa ):10BpaTBHICB. Heje):1HllKe mapaae (25 H 30 llM) ca lCJIecaBHM YJCP8.COM



Y BHAY neze apere



:npeIDIeT8.



yJIOMK.ll



Mau.a.



KOja 'IHlIe .o;eJIOBe .o;OBpaTBHICB. 38.I1ll,llB0I' II0P-



CTAPHHAP LVII/2007.



1YY aenocpenao] 6Jm3HHH arKpHBeBa cy TpH KaMeBa ~ YJIOMKa KOja 6H MOma IlO'l'HIl;&TH ca ceBepHOI' rroprana, KaKO cy TO:npe'I'II0C'I'8 H HCI'pUGIBa'IH YTOKY apxewroIIIKHX HCKOIJaBaILa (CJI. 15/2H 3).



caera-



BJLeHor 0):1 HH3a lCpyroBa xojH ce Me1)yc06Ho cexy (CJI.



1413). H3 myra Y npm1paTH IIOTH'IY jom TpH



Ceaepaa nopran rrpanpare je y 3HaTHHjoj MepH paapymen TaKO ):1a je CaMe na je.o;aoj 6o"llloj CTpaHH Hal:)eH OTHCa:K KaMeHOI' ):10BpaTlDllC8.. Me1)yrHM, Ymy-



TaJI8..



21



Y TO&y ICOII3CpB8:roparo-pccTaypllTOpCKHX ~OBa 1973.



~JIYIICTI'~jymmMnopTllJlOM upmpATC je ~ spahlUl>C!4 onqmBClDIX Ae.lIOBa sa CBOjc Beltll,ll;8ITJB.eMCCTO.



 150



MAPKO



nonoean, CBETJIAHA BYKAP;IDlOmrB



1



, - - -+- - 1 r-----



"



c--



-



2



4



=\



!



I



I



5



6



3 CA. 15. t/)pa!MeHUlU!J06pa1llHUKtl U 1UlgspalllRUJal apurzpaUle, P=1:10



Fig. is. Fragments of the doorpostand the doorframe abovethe doorof the narthex, R=i:iO



y DH'I'alby ey ,ueJIOBH ,uOBpaTBHKa DDIplIIIe 22 H 23,5 nil, jenu:aKe npOl))JfJlaIlHje, ca tpH Beprmwm:eDWIyKpymlO yceseae xaaenype.



Ocnum yJlOMqll DJlaenoce TlmOJlOIlJKH CJIH'IIIIO OBIIM ,uoBpaTllHllHMa je HDeKOJIHKO yJIOMaICa ,uo TeMepeclJparMemapHO 0'I}/B1lIIHX ,ua HM ce HelOl.,ullIIIlLe MecTO H cll)'lOOlKja TeIIIKO MOry O.upe.ulft'H. Hajc.JnAnHjacy 11M .una cllparMeHTa H3 myTIl Y HOOey. Ca jymIe crpaae Qpue OTKpHBeHO je ce,ullM l)JparMeuRTIl, Mel;y HdlMa Hje,um yraoaa, KojH6H MOI'JDI o,urooapam,uueMa pa3JIH'IHTHM QeJlHHwa, Ha,uBpaTIIHQIIMa, KJIH HCKOj BpCTH 60ramje npocllKJIHcaBHX seaana, 'lKja je saje,uBH'llCa owuuca ,uCKOpaTHBHa ~Ha TpaKa y BH.uy »,uKjaMaHl'CKOf lIH3a« no fJIaBBH eneMem n:porllKJIa (CJI. 15/1). YslLHX 6H ce Morao I1pIOOL)"IHTH H jenan yJIOMaIC, ual)eu ua HCTOM npoCTOpy, JCOjH YMecTO »,uKjIlMallTCKOr uma« no cpenaIDILH MOTHB lIMa »)I(H()KY'Da pa60m« (CJI. 15/4). OcHM oaax, caCBHM cy Oco6eH DaJIll3 .una cllparMeBTIl, DO CBeMY cy,ueliH ICpajeBH Ha.uapaTHHKa ca pen.ecllHHM yxp8COM, 1JHju je OCHOBBH MOTHB TpaKa C8 norryraMa (CJL 15/6 H CJI. 14n). Je,uau o,u oaax YJlOMaKa Hal}eHje HCnpe,u sananaor 3HoU8 I1pHIIpaTe, ,uOK.upym DOTH'Ie H3myra He,uaneKO on ceaepoacrosaor yma QpKBe.



Kamrre.n:H npe,uCTaBJbajy H3Y3eI110 penax Ha.JIa3 Mel;y OTKpHBeBHM yJlOa,mHMa apxKTClCI'OHCKe WJaCTHICC ~KBe CD. CrepamemH,uua IDIH'lXa rmnyKllIIH'I'eJIa, H3myra Hc~j)'3CBe cllaca,ue IlPKBe, IIMaJIH cy pen.e4J1m YJCP8C CJlOJKeHOf 1UlJIMHII0r JIHIDlia y BH.uy ,uua CHona II01I)'ICp)'3CBHX TpaKA (CJL 1611 H 14/5). ODe rpaxe cnojeae y napanenne HH30Be 6naro ce cy3al.Bajy npeMa 1lBY K8.I1HTeJIa. En:eMemH norser ,uena OBn Ka.IIHTeJI& HHcy ca1fYBaIDI 1m na jeJlDOM 011 rrer OTKpHBeBHX yJlOMaKa, na ce HeMOJKe DOYS,uaBO 3llKJbY'IHI1I KaJCO je 6HO 06J1HKOOaH raj neo. Cylle1iH npeaa MecTY aanasa, De6H ce Moma HCKJ&}I'IHI1I IIOMHCaO .ua MOJK,Ua DO'I'H'I)' ca jya:Hor IIOpraJI& I1pHDpaTe. Je,uHIDI Y QeJIOCTH 01fYBaH D01JYKaIII'lTC1I Hal)euje Ha OKO 7 MjymlOOllupKBe(CJL 14/4H 1612). lberoBOnpo'leJLeyxpamaoajy,uue yraone Bo.nyre oxpenyre na ,uWIe H3Mel)y KOjHX ce HaJIll3H je,uau BelYfHKllJlHH JCOIDLaCTH JIHCT. .u;OlLH neo D01JYIWIH'I'ClI8 DOJIYICPYJKHor je npecexa (npelJllHK 15 QM) ca 3aBpDIHOM npocIumll.QHjOM YBH,uy ropyca. OBOM D~ M01lQta 6H 011l'OBap8JIa H je,uHH8 .una MaJIa yJIOMKa eTY6H1ia KpymJor npecexa, 'lKjH ce npe'ImIIC BKje MOrao DOy3,uaHO o11pe,uRTH. Mel;y 800Ma CH'I'BHM l)JparMCHTHMa IIJIaCTHKe lIMa DeKOllHKO I1pllMepaxa, oeliHBoM OTICpHBeBHX y myry HCnpe,ujyroHCTO'lBOf ynnaI1pHIlpaTe, na KOjHMa ey 0'!Y-



 151



IJ;PKBA CBETOf CTEG>AHA HA III'BEIIAH TIQJbY TIQIJ; COKO-rPA,IJ;OM



~------">._ . _,.



\



\



i



I



1



CA.



2



16. lltJAYKtlrlUflleJlU ca rlpUllpallle, P=1:10



Fig. 16. Semi-capitalsfrom the narthex, R=1:10



~~



r~~'b



r3



r



\~ 2



1'1



~



3



B ~ 4



S



~ \j



~



(I :P'"'



".'.",]. .'~ '



6



fi l CA.



7



001



\7 [@ ' \/



.,,-



.



'".



10



~



C,.)



8



~9



17. CUIllUU (jIpafM£HJaU 1«lJrU!He



/ .'" - - ~ - <,



rlJlaC1llUKe,



~~



12



11



"®



. ..;' 13



P= 1: 10



Fig. 17. Smallfragments ofthe stonemasonry, R=1:10



RamI TpaI'OBH ICJIeC8.BOI' opB8.MeBT8. Y RHJJY »)kH0Ke«, »jajacror HH3a«, 0llBOCBO »l)epnma« H »/lHjaM8BTC1Ce rpaxe«, Ha He.KHM 0.0;OBHX YJIOMaKa opHaMeBT je TeKaO



JIY'lBo, mro )'KIl3yje aa 60raTHju peneproap KaMeHe IDIllC'I'HKe,



'Dija ce



MeCTll H HeJC8)l8ITIIbH



o6JmK ca.u;a



BHIIIe Be MOry HH:npemocT8BImI (CJI. 17/1-8). Hexa.u;aI[llLeM npKBeHoM HaMcurrajy MOrJIe 6H ce rrpmmcam nae rlJparMeBI'OBaBe KaMeHC IC)'I'JIe, ~ OKO 16 nM, :aal)eHe y ceaepnoj neBHHInI. Ha jellBoj 0.0; lLHX 0'I)'B8.B8. je H "Ie'I'Bp'I'aCT pyna aa ycal)JmlllLe, BepOBaTHO, .u;pBeHor »'IeIIa« (CJI. 17/13). TaKOl)e HeKOj BpeTH M06Hmljapa Morao 6Hnpmm.u;am neo JIYlfHo 06pal)eHe IDIO'IC )'KpaIIICBe .u;yE py6a IIJI8.CTH"IBOM TpaKOM ca Cpcmmrm.HM MOTHBOM TOp)lHpaH0r)'1lCCT8. (CJI. 1719). CmI':IaB MOTHB nojllBJ&yje ce H aa YJIOMKY je.u;ae nno'Ie KOja TllKOlje llOTH'IC H3 myra Y aaocy,



HOKO rsera, a 6HJJO HX je HY 3CMJJdI KOjoMje sacyr Icr'HTOpclCH rpo6. HajBehH cxymm BlLJIa3 ocyror 4JpecKO MllJlTepa OTKpHBeB je Y nponasy H3 IIpHIIpaTe Y BaOC, 3aTHM Ynpoeropy ozrapa, cesepaoj llCBIIlt:QH KaO H aa BHIIIC MeCTll Y IIpHIIpaTH. 3Ba'lajBo je TllKOl)e na cy



6pojBH cWamCHTH B8..1IUreBH H Ynpoeropy cesepaor )J;OOH.u;aBOT IIapaKJIHca. cI>pecKo MaJlI'Cpa 6HJ1o je, KaO mro je Ben HCTaKII)"I'O, H aa He.KHM YJlOM[{HMa aeaana, 3aTHM ua cerMeIm1M8. Jl)'BeI'C jy.mror noprana KaO H Ba HaJla3HMa OKO 3HJ18lIe onrapcxe nperpane - ypymeHHM 6JIOKOBHMa care, KOH3OJI8M8., JIeIIU}IM8. H KaMeHHM rpe)lHI(aMa ,u;oBpaTHHKa. Y BajBeheM 6pojy 3acT)'1llLCHH cy YJlOMI(H ca T8.MB01IJI8.BHM n03a1)eM H OOpnype cmncaue ItHH06epoM. Tparosa .u;panepHja OJlC1lC,lJ;H H HllK8.pH8T8 H3}'3e'I'Ho cy peTKH. Y cesepaoj IIeBlllt:QH OTKpHBeBa cy .u;aa cWarMeHTll opeona aa KOjHMa cy npeoerana Tparoaa 3JI8.THHX JIHCTHIi.a, a 6HJ1o je jam BeKOJIHKO CJIH1{HHX ~T8. ca ll03JI8.TOM H Y npHIIpaTH. Haje.u;HOM



OCfAIUI iKHBOIDICA Kao mro je Ben HCTBJClIYTO , y myry KOjHM cy 6Hmt: 3acym OCTallH I1pKBe OTKpHBeBO je MHOnrrBO 4JparMeHaTa 4JpecKO MaJITepa, a MllILHX noapmaaa oqynaHor )kHBoIDIca 6KJIO je Hy mDICHM 30HaMa0lfYB8.HHX 3H)J;o88.. YJIOMUH cy 6HJrn pa.cym no I(eJIOM IIpOCTOpy XpaM8.



CfAPHHAP LVIY2007.



6JImcy care KO.o; wrrapa calfYBaH je CerMCHT opeona ca )J;eJIOM CJlHKaBor MaclxJpHOBa. Ha HClOM npocropy aat)eH je H .o;co JIHKa jenaor, BepoBaTHO B.BI)e.na, ca IIpH-



cy 3H8"I8.jBH IrnpHJnrmIcHX CHI'HaTYPa,



Ka30M 'ICJI8. H KOBpr.I8. KOCe. IIoce6Ho



rlJparMeHTH



ca ):leJIOBHMa



6eJIOM 60jOM Ba TaMBO IDIaBOM nOO8.1)y, KOjHXje 6HJ1o yomapy, ami H Y.u;pymM.u;eJI0BHM8. xpaaa, CJDIK8.BHX



 152



MAPKO nOnOBH'R. CBETJIAHA BYICA,IlHHOBH'R



2 CII. 18. c1}par..weUIUU ppeawM.all1llepa: geA06U llleKCllla ca CJIUJa»1OC C6Jdmca U3 IlpOIUl!JQ. U3 apullpallle y HQDC (1) U wpac CrpapUfllO 3aRUCa (2)



Fig. 18. Fragments ofthe fresco mortar: parts ofa text on the painted scroU in the passage from the narthex to the naas (1) and traces ofthe lettering ofa document (2)



CII. 19. p.eo CJUU


y myry )'3 jymm: 3H,ll; IIpWUl3a H3 IIpHIIplLTe Y naoc OTKpHBeBO je BHlIIe KOWijl8. 4JpecKo Ma.JrrePa ca ocrana-



TeKCTa pabenor' JlPHOM 6ojoM 118. 6eJIOj IIOWI03H (CJI. 18/1). Texcr je 6110 HCmIC8.B Y pej:10BHMa KOjH cy



Ma



03ll8.1femr T8.HKHM ype38.IDIM xOpH30HTIlJIIIHM mnmjaMa. Y IIHr8Jl>Y cy O'DII'JlewlO j:1eJIOBH CJDIIOUIor CBH'11al



"'IHje ce 3aspIIIBH



j:1eD



ca npeoerana TpH CJlOBa Morao



IIpeIl03ll8.TH Ha je,[{BOM 0j:1OBHX ~eHaTa. Ha






YnpKBH IIOCTOjllJDl cy, R3rJIe,IUl, H yrpe6auH: 3Ip8.3aIIHCH. Casso Ha je,rnlOM ~eHTY 6H11o je MOryhe IIpo'IHTaTH neo pe'IH •.• UHKO••• (CJI. 1812). CK8M8.



cInrro



Ha 3H,ll;OBHMa D:p1CBe yrJlaBHOM cy IIpeOCTaJIe Marronpmane CJDIKllIIor COICJIa. Y O1IT8.py OCTaJIH cy TparoBH CJIIOOlBe ):qlanepuje, I18.j6oJLe 0'l)'BllBH na jy)lCHOM 3lfJ:O' l)aKomlKOll8. (CJI. 19). Y ceaepnoj H jy1moj IJeBBHI!H Y cox.rry cy ce HaJIa3H118. TpH cmncaB8. npaaoyraoua nona KOja, nocMaTPllII8. Y lIeJD11D1. no~­ Bajy HHKpyCTanuje on: pa3Ho6ojHorMePMepa (CJI. 20). ILe



,IJ;eo CJIH1IBor COlOIa, caMO CJlOJIreBHjer :n:preJKll. 0TKpHBeH je H ca jy1me crpaue IIpOJI838. H3 lI8.OCa Y npanpaTY. Y npH3eMJl>Y HeICa.,Q8IIIHoeI 3BOHHK8.. Hman: oaora COKJIa. Y BpeMe HCTplUKHBa"IKHXpanoea, nocrojao je H



 :QPKBA CBETOf CI'EcIIAHA HA III'BEIlAH



nQJbY non COKD-fPA,D;OM



153



CII. 21. 3a1lag1lu rllpasej lI,fJIC6e C6emof C1lle(jJaHa ca xrauraopcKUM rpoOOM St!JlUl«)f 60j6oge CaJtfj(lMl XpaHUIia (rPoUlO 2006. r.)



Fig. 21. Western bay o/the church ofSt. Stephan with the donor's grave o/the grand duke, SanJalj Hranic (photo 2(06)



neoerojehe ljlHrype jemHor CD. paTllllK8.ID1H ApxllBI'eJIa Mmwma, K8lCO cy HC'J.'P8-'KHBa'IIH ~a npeTIlOCTaBHlDf. HucaJlOCT. OBa IC.OMII03UIlHja xoja je yfip30 nponana, 22 0CTaJIa je HenoteyMeHTOBaHa. Y lIpHIIpaTH npKBe, aa 311,Il:OBHMaIDICY 0CTllJIH O"l)'BaBH ~Blf 4JpecKO eOKJIa



aJIH ce cyn:eliH IIpeMa BeKHM HaJIa3HMa H3 myra MOI'JIO



ee HlfjC 6H'l11o pa3JDIKOBao on: OBOI'a y neBHHU:aMa. Tparoaa cPpecxo COIC.JIa 6Hn:o je y cesepBOM napaKJDlCy. aJIH ce aa MamIM O'I)'BaHHM nOBpDDlBaMa BHje Morao IIOY3~aHO YTBpro-rm H3rJle;Jl; CJIHICanor opII8.MeHTa. 3llKJb}"Dfl'lf Il:8.



MO ca cenepae CTp8lIc nemro IIIHp8. 1I HenpaBR1IIIHje o6pal)eHa (CJI. 2211). Crehax ca CTOIIOM YKJIaDao ce Ta'DIO y ouqnmy TpaBcja. Ello je pal)eH on jennor MOHWlHTBor 6Jroxa, Te'ICHHe oxo 2,5 TOHe, H OTK(UlBeH je YTOBYO y nyaoj csojej BHClfHH. Haxoa IIO.lnl3aJb8. CTeDxa HCTp8JIreHa je rpOOm XOMopa ea ~OM aa ~­ 6HHH on: oxo 1 M.23 IIpeM8. O'DCpHBCHHM rparosaaa, MOrJIO ce 3UJL}"Dfl'lf n:a jc 6HJ1a rpal)eHa on: M8.ClfBBHX XpaCTOBHX o6JIIma xoje cy 6HJ1e noaesane rB03;Jl;eHHM lCJIHHoBHMa, a na yrJIOBHMa. nepoaarao, 1IMe1)ye06Ho ~He (CJI. 29). Ca I'OPJLC erpane rpo6Ba XOMOpa je 6HJ18 T8.lCD1)e nOlCpHBeB8. XpaCTOBlfM o6JIHnaMa.24



KOCTlf IIOKDjBHxa, pena.THBHO



~o6po o"l)'BaHe,



6HJIe



rP06 KTlITOPA Y I(PKBH



Ka.o mro je &eli. BalIOMCayro, cyn:eliH npeaa OCTa:QHMa :aa.,rn'p06BHx 06eJIC)Kja, caxpaae cy apmeae He caMO y naocy Ben H ~orpat)eHoj npanpara, xao H Y ceBepllOM napaxJIHcy, KOjH je 6e3 C)'?rfILe. HMao ~­ jy rpOOHe xanene. Me1)ymM, CBH TH rpo60BH cy OCTaJIH HCnpO}"leBH. ApXeoJIOIDlCH je HCTp8JKCH CaMO rp06 Y jymIOM ]leJIy 38IIllJlHorTpaBcja y XOMe je, 6e3 cyMHoe, IIO'IIHBao KTHTOp npKBe Cseror Crec:lwm (CJI. 21). Han:rpo60M ce aanaaao MOBYMelITlLlllDl CTeDax, npaBH1IHO KJIecaH Y ~ caan:yxa ea paBBOM roplbOM noBpnnlBOM, 1I yCXOM npOlDKpCHOM CTOnOM, xoja je ca-



CTAPHHAP LVII/2007.



2.1 0 ~ y COItlIY IqlKOO IlOCTOje caMO rqmo-&ne cpo.. 'I'OI'plUjmje H mnop CKHIle, AJIH He H ~e y 6ojH. HajBellH ~ OIIHX eppeeua BHIIJC BCIlOCTOjH. a COlOBCKH 0Jl: !jlparMCBaTa IWIasc ee y HaPOJl:llOM MYscjy y~. 23 3a D0,u:H3a:&.e creW mpmnlicBa je ~ ell .IplIl:IWIHIIITa o6.rooIm.e JW;IqlOCJICK'lpIlBe »Mpa'IHll>e«. fpo6 Iml'IOpll (7l'IJ;)nan je 6e9 IIpHCyC'l1lo8. apxOO1lOra., a Hcrpamma ra je apx. Mapaja Panao-Jomm (ll'Dl1aJtH H3 ~eBIIHIm HC'IpUGIBau.a). 2A 3a ~'ftCe 0 J:OIIC'1'p}'KI1HjIIrpo6Be IWMOpC, ~ OBHX 119 Cll'I)'BAHe ~ apxeonollllCltX HCTplllIO!IJI1JT"lI, SaxBaJIIIOCT



BaycMCllHllilcaoJ:IImm.HMaAYI'YieMOH~~



npocp. B.l. 13ypHhy; yuope~: 1Imromdi., )J;. 1992, 134.



 154



MAPKO nOITOBH'R. CBETJIAHA :BYICA,llHHOBH'B.



o



2



1



3



4



CA. 22. Tuao6u Hagfp061lUX Q...1O'«l-cllle1iaKa: ca IClllUlDOpct«Jr rpo6a (1), ca He1CpollOJle ys SU{J08e /iplC8e (2-4) Fig. 22. Types offunerary plaques-stele: from the donor's grave (1), from the necropoUs beside the wallsof the church (2-4)



cy



y jyroarpo6a. Onaj HaJIa3 no H yJIOMUH eppeC:KO Mll.JI'l'ell8. )'3 nopeaehenn CKeJIeT jacno YJC8.3yjy ):la je rpo6 6HO OTBapaII H IllDll'OOUl Y BpeMe Ka,Il8. je upKBa Ben 6K11a aanycrena H ,ll;eJlOM ypymeaa. On rpo6BHX npanora, y aenocpeaaoj 6mDlUIH .o:06po o'I}'Balle JIo6au.e, OTKpHBeB je jenan »KpYHWIHKH fB03neBH nopesreheae H yr.1lllBBOM KOHUeHTpHCalle



CTO'IIIOM ;lleJIY



npenMeT~ H rB03nCHO KpCCHBO, sa KOje ce BC 6H MorJIO



nO)'3;llaHo TBpron'H ;lla JIH npe~ rp06BH npanor HJIH je



H



2).



TY ~neJIO npKIIH:KOM IIJL8.'DCe rpo6a (CJI. 23/1 AmpoIIOlIOIIIK8.



aBaJIH3a cxenera,



BIUJCaJIOCT,



BHje apmena, OC'raJIO je caMO 38.IDlJK1l1Le HCTplUlCHBa;lla je y InIT8.H>y 6110 CKeJIeT »BHCOKe MYJDKe ocoee, p06yCBe rpa1)e HBeo6wmoro6nHKa JI06aa.e ca BHea'IJa



KO H3PaJKeHHM ':Ie1IOM«.25



IIpWDlKOM OTKpHBlUb8. lC'I'IITOpcKOr rpo6a, ca ILeroae HCTO':IBe crpaae, xa Qempa.1IBOM TpaBCjy, yO':leH je jom jemaa rpo6, KOjH je OCTaO BCHCTplUKeB, KaO HH 0CTaJIH rpoOOBH Y ceaepnosr ):leJl'j naoca, 6y;llyhH ):la HCTpUCHBllIL8. y COH]laMa HCDO;o; paBHH IIO]la HHey npe.lI83KJIa J:lYfiHBY 0,40):l0 0,60 M.



fPOSOBH OKO IJ;PKBE H HEIIOCPEJUIA OKOJIHHA 0cHM: rpoOOea y y Haoey, lIpHIIpaTH H CCOepHOM napaKJIHcy,O;o;BOCHOrpOOHOj KB.IICJDl, caxpaaaaaae je



BpIIIeHo H aa npocropy OKO CaMe JlPKBe. Y3 ILeBe ~o-



Be, rroce6Bo cajy1Kue CTp8.IIC, 0TICplIBClI0 je 14 crehaxa, on KOjHx ey BelCH 6HJ1H ;lleJIOM n0MePCHH npKIIH:KOM II03HHjHx IIJL8.'DCH. Hajsemhe ey y InIT8.H>y MaCHBBH KaMeBH MOKOBH, KJIecaDH Y BH,lI;}' C8lI,1:ijIlCa ca paBBOM roplbOM IIOBpmHBOM



H jenua BarJIameHOM CTOnOM



(CJI. 22). CaMO jenaa aenrro BeliH creliaK je 680 MeCall y BH,J::ty CJIeMelLaKa. Pa,ItH YBHna y H8':IHH caxpaHtHBau.a apxeononnor cy HCTplUKeBa cano 11'H rpo6a. rpofi 7 I'po6By jaMY nozpzaao je loI3.II.H creIw: ca c.rr.a60 crorrou, Ha ]1y6mm: 0;11 0.80 M OTltpliDum je c.rr.a60 0tl}'B811 cnOOo;!1HO yx.ona:e: CKeJIeT 6e::I TparoBa ffi)BeHOI' cllH]l)'K8. ITOKOjmnc, CTapocHe;!106m 12-14 1'O;!1HII3., eeoJWet;euor IIOJIa, 6Ho je DOJl'()]I(eH II3. nel)mla ca p}'lOlMa nanO:JKe-



II3. BaI'JIalDeIIDM



BIiIM Y3



TeJlO. I'po6BHXnpaaora BI1Ije 61i1J1O.



rpoG 9 fpo6Hy jaHY DOKpHBaO je :Mm:HBl\B KlUICBI1I CTCbaK KJIecaB Y o6Jnncy ~ ca Jl}'6oKOM, ~ HlU'JIlUIIl.'>80M eronoa, 0c'raQH CIreJIeTa nOKDjEmKa 0TICp1ilBeBH cy Ha ~ 0;1:1 1,20 101, CJID6o;!1HO yrronaHH H 1l0lCp1ilBeBl1l jC;!1HOM IlIHpOKD.M :MaCHBHOM DQJl)'06.ln!QoM. Y rpo6y BI1Ije 6H1lO npaJIOl'a, a ycJIe;Q BeOwa c.rr.a6e 0tl}'B8IIOCTIi! JroC'I'IiIjy BI1ICY CC MOrJIlil ~ II01I H crapocaa ;!106 IlOICOjBl1lKa.



2.S



JIo6aB.y IIDlIDjInuca, o~ IIDje cy caqysaac



ctxmn!'aqngc,



npcMan~H3~~ sajc.wrocaIIllPIlYDlX IIOOIHjy IJI?eBCO je »paAH IlHlpOIIOJIOIIIIlHWIIf3C« 3. KajMRJmBKb



Y Pcny6JmgB:u 3llIIOJ111a .!llllllTm'Y CIIOMCHlIEa EaX Y CapajcBy, me Ocrane KOC'IU caxpaILeIIC cy Ha HeanamILCM MeCT}', Ynocc&ro a:nopa1)eBy MIlJIY rpo6By KOMOl'Y, HaJt mjy je BpaheB crehu. YCBOM IIpB06mBOM IIQlIO)D.jy. MY ce lla CllJt8, ry6H Tpar.



 155



llPKBA CBETOr CTEAHA HA lll'BEIlAH IIClILY IIQIl COKO-I'PA)];OM



I'po6 13 I'po6 KOjH je 6HO ymIIall ys 3~ IIOpraJI npmIpaTe06e.nezaBao je creliaK y lW]l)' MaCmmor KaMeuer caB7ij'!Cll ca ~a aarnameaox CTODOM. Ha,ll)'6mm ~ 1,20 M anqlmleHH cy OCTaIlH nOKOjmool KOjPI je fum C8XpmeH y caB7ij'Ky o~ ~e6JLHx mmelJHX TaJIIm H DOlt1IOIJJLeH IIIHpOKOM MaCHJmOM nOJIYo6nm:\OM. IIoKOjmuc, M)'IIIKDr nonaDcrapocue ~o6H 45-50 ronaaa, 6Ho je no.noJKell aa JIet,mla ca pyra1Mll



DOBpmHHClCHX TparoBa YKOH


npexpunem!M Ba~. Y3 cxenercyeal;eoanaaaMOJ$m



Il:8. je 6HlIB. HcroBpeMeBa ca upKBOM, MaIl:8. :&>eBa rI>YHK-



6poB3aBa ~ 'BIjPI ce o6JmB:: ycJIe11 jaxe ICOp03Hje UHje MoraO



0J«l~.



aor HaCTllHK8., Be



6H CCMorna HC.K.JbY'fRTH MOrytiHOCT



D;Hja ocraje aejacaa.



HaKoH saapmeaax HCTp8JKHBaJL8. rpo6omI cy sarp-



mum, a CTehnH BpaheHH na caoja Bexa,n:aIIIILll MecTa. ColmuaIa HCTpUCHBaILa OKO upKBe CD. Oreq>aua HHcy apmena T8ICO ~ je 0CT8.JI0 HeD03Baro ~ JIH je BeKpOIIOJJa 6HlI8. Reher 06HM8. B ca rpOOoBHMa KOjH BHCy HMa.lDI:nawpo6Ba 06eJIC)Kja. Y nenocpenao] ommnm



KYJITYPHor



HCTpWKeHor XpaMa HHje 6HJIO IlOBp1IIHBCKHX TparoBa



paaaperajy y



KOjIt: 6H YJC83HBll1IH aa IlOCTOjl1llJe H ,I:q1YrHX 06jeKaTa. H3Y3eTaK cy npen:CT8.BJD8JIH je;:nmo tparoBH jenue Be--



6.mDKHo HCTOM BJ&yje ce caMO THD nOHD;a ca 1l:pIDKOM, pa1)eu on: rJIHHe ca Il:OIl:8.TKOM CHIHor necxa H YCHI1LCHor Kpe'llb8.Kll. OncpHBeHH 4JparMeJml IIOTH'IY Oil: 5-6 IJOCYIl:8. OBara



lie rpa.l}eBHHe, OKO 16 M CCRepHo Oil: uplCBe, KOjH cy npeJlHMHBapBo coHll:HPaHH, aJIH He H y D;CJlOCTH HCTplUKeBH. Oraopena je caMO je,D;ml COlma y KOjOj je aa J:O'6HBH Oil: 1 M OTlCpHBeH yrao rpa1)eBHHe KOja je HMana YKOnaH DOIl:PYM. 3H1l:0BH, ll:efiJLHBe 0,60-0,70 M, 6HJm cy rpa1)eHH JlOM.1l>eBHM ICaMeBOM YBenpaBHJIBOM cnory H nOBe3aHH Kpe'llllHM Ma.JITe]X>M. IIpHfi.JnDlcua OCHOBa rpal;eBHHe TeXBIAKH je CBHM.1I>eHa aa OCHOBy



APXEOJIOIIIKIIIIAJIA3H H3 CJlOJA OKO IJ;PKBE Mel)y peJIaTHBHO peTICHM: H8JIa3HMa Kepa.MHKe 113 cnoja OTlCpHBeHH ynoMItH 6B MOrJDIIl:8. ce



npa6pojy. Oil: K}'XHIbCKOr nocyl)a noja-



,D;Be OCHOBBe



rpyne,



3a.cT}'I11bCHe y



THIJa. Mel)y TpDe3BOM lCepaloDlKOM pa3JJHKYjy ce nocy-



ne ll:oMahe H3pa,D;e B



IIpHMepn:H KOjH cy Il:0CDeJIH



no



mmopr 113 HTaJIHjaBClCHX paJlHOHHl.1a. Kao nOKaJIHH npoH3B01l: H3,D;B0jeHH cy CaMO ynOMItH jelJ:Bor lCp'lara ca H3JD1BHHKOM, n:pBeue 60je IJe1IeH>8. H ca MaCJIHHaCT03CJIeHOM rnasypoa aa CDOJhBOj IlOBp1DHBH. Bmne



CA. 23. HQJlQ!JU W 1CIllUIllOpcKOIrpo6a (1-2), CalpetlUZffJ (3) P=1:2, U yAOM'iU MajoAUICe (4) W CJWja y3 lifJIC6Y



Fig. 23. Finds from the donor's grave (1-2), a smail arrow (3) R=1:2, fragments of majolica (4) from the layer beside the church



_~



_ _4~



_



2



CTAPHHAP LVll/2007.



0-



 156



MAPKO IIOIIOBMli, CBETJIAHA BYKA,IJ;MlIOBlffi



~I



rIll



CI ' - - - - - - - -' ~~ L-..._ _- - - .



J



o I



1



1-



2



f



4



Sm



!



I



L,...I11



CA. 24. Ilpxea Ceetaot Ctuepaua.



OCHOBa



u apeceuu ca 3a.M.UULlbeHOM peKOHClllPYK~UjOM



Fig. 24. Church ofSt. Stephan.foundation and cross-sections in an ideal reconstruction



rpparsreaara 'lliHH ,[IeJIOBe jenne Bene nocyne, sepoBarno 60Ka.JIa, pabenor 0,[1 rrpesamhene rJIHHe, CBeTJIOupBeHe 60je nesersa H ca MaCJIHHacTOJKYTOM rna3ypOM aa CIIOJbHOj IIOBpmHHH, KOjH IIQTHqe H3 nexor cIIeUHjaJIH30BaHOr rpaxapcxor uetrrpa na nonpysjy MTaJIHje. MCTOr IIopeKJIaje neponarao je 6HJIa H 3,[1eJIa ca ypeaamea yxpacox 0,[1 xoje je IIpeOCTao cauo jenan rpparsrem. M3 cKYIIHHe yJIOMaKa MajOJIHKe, raxohe 110peKJIOM H3 HTaJIHjaHcKHX pa,l:\HOHHUa, rrpenosnara cy ,[IeJIOBH,[IBa 60KaJIa Hjenner TalbRpa(CJI. 23/4). Ha 60Ka.JIHMa MOTHBH y Me,[laJbOHHMa cy 6HJIH lPJIOpaJIHH, CJIHKaHH TaMHOIIJIaBOM, cMel)oM, JKYTOM H rnpKH3 60jOM. 3a pa3JIHKY 0,[1 J


JIHUe, npesra HamHM Ca3HaIbHMa, HeMa 6JIIDK:Hx aHaJIOraja na nonpysjy 3arra,l:\Hor EaJIKaHa. Cynehn rrpesra MOryhHM e«peKTHMa nenor nejcraa naje acxrsysena rrpeTIIOCTaBKa na je y IIHTalbY cTPeJIHUa aa JIOB HJIH npojexrnn HaMelbeH paaasarsy KOlba. 27 0,[1 MeTaJIHHX HaJIa3a CHrypHO cy Haj3aHHMJbHBHja rrpHJI03H H3KTHTOpCKOr rp06a. 28 Ty je 0,[1 IIOCe6HOr snaxaja »KPYHOJIHKH npemrer« pahen 0,[1 ,[Ie6Jber rao3,[1eHOr JIHMa. Y IIHTalbYje ocsroyraona, roTOBO xpy)K}llf 06pyq, npeaaaxa OKO 10 UM,KOjH Y roprsea ,[IeJIY HMa OCaM nnoxacrax IIOJIYKPYJKHO 3aBpmeHHX jesmaxa. Y uenrpy CBaKOr 0,[1 OBHX IIOJIYKPyroBa HaJIa3HJIa ce 110 jenna MaJIa KpyJKHa pyrra (CJI. 23/1). 3Haqelbe OBO npertsrera ocraje aejacno. Mosora 6H ce MOrJIO nperIIOCTaBHTH na je y IIHTalbY 6HJIa »apsrarypa« sa TeKCTHJIHH neo nexe xane HJIH KJI06YKa. ,1J;pyrn HaJIaJ H3 rpofia npencraana ,[I06po osyaaao rn03,[1eHO KpecHBO HJIH OrlbHJIO, Y «pOpMH CJIOBa 6ellla, xoje 6H THIIOJIOmKH MOrJIO onrosapara Cpe,l:\lbeM BeKY, aJIH ce ncra



26



Bikic 2002, 35-46.



27 Popovic 1999,256-257. 28 Met;y apxeononnoea HaJIa3HMa KOjH cy HaM OBOM rrpmrnKOM 6mrn aa paCIIQlIlII'lIIbY aa o6p:my, IIoMeHYTH rpo6HHIIpIDI03Hcy Hell:OCTajaJIH, re cy CTOra o6pat;eHH aa OCHOBy II0lI:aTaKa H3repeHCKe II:0KYMeHTaI:\Hje.



 0



I–I



II–II



III–III



1



2



3



4



5m



 158



MAPKO IIOIIOBHli, CBETJIAHA BYKA,JumOBHli



o I



CA. 25. Ilpsea Ceetaot Cmepaua, uctuouua u jy3tcHa pacaga ca



2



4



5m



I



I



I



3aM.UUU&eHOM peKOHC1llpyK~UjOM



Fig. 25. Church ofSt. Stephan, eastern and southern facade in the ideal reconstruction



06.JIHK cpehe CBerto aamax nana, Te ra je, CTOra,TeIIIKO



a rrOTOM ca cenepne CTPaHe H jenaa MalbH napaxmrc



noysnaao BpeMeHcKH onpenemrra (CJI. 23/3).



(CJI.24-25). IIpB06HTHa upxaa 6HJIa je jeUH06poUHa, KpCTO06pa3He OCHOBe, ca finaro rrOTKOB~aCTOM arrCH.n:OM



***



na HCTOKY H 60~ rrpanoyraoaaa rreBH~ rrpoCaoneha pesynrare no KOjHX ce .n:OIIIJIO y TOKY apxeo-



CTOpHMa. YHYTpaIIllbOCT upxne je ca JJ:Ba rrapa MalbHX



JIOIIIKHX ncxorranarsa, IIITO je narrpen H3JIO)KeHO, MO-



IIHJIaCTapa panrsnaaeaa na TPH rpaneja rrpH6JIH)KH0



ryhe je y aaaxajaoj MepH carnenarn nonozcaj H nexaCrerpana, a raxohe H



jeUHaKHX ,I:\HMeH3Hja.



rrpH6JIH)KH0 YTBPJJ:HTH spexre neaor HaCTaHKa. MCTPa-



rpyfio KJIeCaHHM xaanepasra rsyror xpesnaxa CJIO)Ke-



.n:aIIIIbH H3rJIe.n: upxae CBeTOr



)KeHH xpaa HaJIa3HO ce Y cpenmrrry



Illhenaa non-a, y



3H,[IOBH upxne



rpahenn cy ca 06a JIHUa MalbHM



HHM y penose, Met;y xoje cy paJJ:H



nspannanarsa Me-



rrOUHO)Kjy 3aMKa, na npocropy rue ce HaJIa3HJIO nace-



CTHM~HO y6aUHBllHe nnoxe IIIKpHJbua. YHYTPlUIIIbY



y KOMe cy, 6e3 cYMlbe, nocrojana H TaK03BllHH



HCrryHy 3H.n:OBa qHHHOje CHTHHjH JIOMJbeHH KaMeH rro-



)be



CrrOJbHH JJ:BOpOBH Be.JIHKOr nojaone nor HaCJIeUHHKa xepuera



Cannana H nero-



Crerpana. EHJIa je TO aajse-



nesaa ca .n:OCTa fienor xpesnor MaJITepa. ,IJ;eJIOBH 3HJJ:aHHX KOHCTPYKUHja KOjH cy 3aXTeBaJIH



rrpenasnajy



ha upxaa nonarayra y 06JIaCTHMa KojHMa je TOKOM 15.



xnecapcxy ofipany, KaKaB je cnysaj ca IIHJIaCTPHMa H



aexa BJIaUaJIa MohHa BJIaCTeOCKa nopomma Kocasa,



OJITapCKOM nperpanoxr,



rpaheaa cy xsanepaaa care.



YKyrrHa ,[Iy)KHHa upxae je H3HOCHJIa npexo 25 M, a ma-



OJITap, KOjH je 06yXBaTao ancany H HCTO~H TPa-



~­



nej, 6HOje on naoca O.n:eJbeH 3H.n:aHOM OJITapCKOM rrpe-



pnna OKO



10 M. Y OqyBaHOM xopnycy rpahenane,



ja rrpeocrana 3H.n:OBH noceary H .n:o qernpH M~a BH-



rpanou,



CHHe, MOry ce yo~ TpH OCHOBHe erane rpaheaa, Y 3



TH na OCHOBy onora IIITO je OTKpHBeHO. Ha OqyBaHHM



norpahena rrpocrpana npanpara,



3HJJ:aHHM OCTauHMa jacno ce yosasa rrOJIO)Kaj uapcxax



UpKBy, HaKHaUHO je



~jH ce OCHOBHH H3rJIe.n: MO)Ke rrpeTIIOCTaBH-



 U:PKBA CBETOf CTEl1>AHA HA III'BEIIAH IIOJbY IIO,ll;COKO-fPA,l];OM



nnepa H HeIIITO MalbHX CeBepHHX npara. Cyneha rrpeMa aarneny HeIIITO rr03HHJer 3H,[1aHOr HKOHOCTaCa He,[IaJIeKOr xpana na 3arpal)y,29 OJITapCKe nnepa cy MOrJIe 6HTH JIY'lHo npeceenene, a HMaJIe cy H nocefino xnecaHe ,[IOBpaTHHKe. IIpecTOHe HKOHe cy MOrJIe 6HTH CMeIIITeHey onronapajyhe IIJIHTKe name. Y rrOCe6HHM HHmaua ce Morao HaJIa3HTH H rrpeOCTaJIH HKOHorpacPCKH rrporpasr OJITapCKe nperpane. BHCHHa 3H,I:\aHor HKOHOcraca aajsepoaaraaje naje 6HJIa Malba 0,[1 2,5-3 M. 3aBpllIHH nenau nan HKOHOCTaCOM, rro caesry cyzteha, 6HO je onaj y)KH ca MOTHBOM TOp.rIHpaHOr yscera, 'llIjH cy CBH cPparMeHTH Hal)eHH y nerrocpennoj 6JIH3HHH. Ha BHCHHH 0,[1 OKO 1 M Y onnocy na non, a acrron panHH rrpeCTOHJIX HKOHa HaJIa3HO ce HH3 0,[1 aajxaae ner MalbHX KOH30JIa. JIe)KHIIITe jezme 0,[1 OBHX KOH3OJIa, xao IIITO je Ben pexeao, OTKpHBeHO je y rrpeocranoj 3H,I:\HOj MaCH HKOHOCTaca. IIpBa nperrrocraaxa ,[Ia cy y IIHTalbY 6RJIH ,[IeJIOBH rrpOCKHHHTapa, IIITO je 6HJIa panna npemocraaxa y TOKY HCTPa)KHBalba, HHCy rroTBp,[\HJIe xacnaje aHaJIH3e 06JIHKa KOH30JIa H npyrax nparehax HaJIa3a. Heyotinxajeny nojaay OBHX KOH30JIa, sa xojy HeMaMO 6JIIDKHX ananoraja, aaje Moryne noysnano 06jacHHTH. Haje HCKJbyqeHo na ce nan 1bHMa HaJIa3HJIa npnena Ta6JIa RJIH onronapajyhe xasieae IIJIoqe na KojHMacy MOrJIe crajara nenasajyhe HKOHe, MOJK,[\a KaH,[\HJIa, csehaana RJIH CJIH'lHO. "thrraBa rronpmna 3H,[IaHOr HKOHOCTaca 6HJIa je rrpexpaaeaa aor-



CTAPMHAP LVI1/2007.



159



BOIIHCOM. Hehesro norpermrra aKO rrpemOCTaBHMO ,I:\a cy H npecrone HKOHe 6HJIe CJIHKaHe y cPpecKO reXHJIUH,aa nrra 6H Morao na YKaJKe H noxeayra cPparMeHT ca rrpHKa30M ,[IeJIa MacPopHOHa, KOjH 6H onrosapao EOroP0,I:\H'lllHOM JIHKY. Y ceaepaox 3H,[1y OJITapCKOr rpaneja nocrojane cy nae npasoyraone name, a y yrrry Y3 HCTO'lHH 3H,[I OCTaJIaje osyaana rrpaaanana rpnesa aa rrpOCKOMH,I:\Hjy Y3 xojy je nocrojao H rrOJIYKPYJKHO 06JIHKOBaH CJIHBHJIK. Ha CyrrpOTHOM, jyJKHOM 3H,[Iy, Y,[IeJ!Y HaMelbeHOM haxoHHKODY, OTKpHBeHa je jenna neha npanoyraona nama ca rparoxr XOpH30HTaJIHe npnene nperpane, KOja je na jseposaraaje 6HJIa HaMelbeHa csienrrajy fiorocnyzsfieHJIX KlbHra. Y cpemmrry OJITapa, qaCHa TPIIe3a je CTajana na cryrmy rpabeaon xsanepaaa care, nan KOjHM ce HaJIa3HJIa MaCHBHa KaMeHa IIJIoqa. Ilpen qaCHOM Tprre30M, H3Ha,[I paBHH nona KOjH je 6HO 0,[1 aarnaxaaor MaJITepa, crajarra je y BH,[Iy crerrenaxa, ,[Ie6Jba cPHHO xnecaaa xasreaa IIJIoqa aa CBeIIITeHocnyJKHTeJba, xoja je ca npemse crpane rrOJIYKPYJKHO 06JIHKOBaHa. Ilon y naocy je 6HO aa jenan crenenax HH)KH 0,[1 nona y OJITapy. MaJITepHH non, CJIH'laH OHOMe y OJITapy, nocrojao je H y nenaanaaa. 3a pa3JIHKY 0,[1 OBHX npocropa y ueHTpaJIHOM H 3arra,I:\HOM rpasejy, nocrojao je non 0,[1 BehHX KaMeHJIX IIJIoqa 'llIje cy Malbe nonprmme OCTaJIe osynane KO,[l noprana Y 3arra,I:\HOM TPaBeJY· roplbHM, cana rropymeHHM KOHCTpYKUHjaMa upKBe, xao H xaxenoj IIJIaCTHI\H xoja je yxpamanana OBO snaae, 06HJbe nonaraxa npysoora cy HaJIa3H H3myra. BeJIHKa KOJIH'IHHa cnonapa care aahenax y rrpOCTOPy naoca CBe,[lO'lll 0 KOHCTPYKUHjH CBO,[la, ,[10K yJIOMUH seaaua, KOH30JIa H rrpocPRJIHcaHJIX ,[IeJIOBa nposopa npyscajy MoryhHoCT na ce Y3 nexe XPOHOJIOllIKH H repHTOpHjaJIHO 6JIHCKe aaanoraje ,[IOCTa rrOY3,I:\aH0 3aMHCJIH H3rJIe,[l UeJIHHe onora ,[IeJIa xpasia. U;pKBa HHje HMaJIa KyrrOJIY Ben cy CBa TPH rpaneja 6HJIa cy aacsenena je,I:\HHcTBeHJIM CBO,[lOM 0,[1 TecaHHKa care, KOjH je, rro cBeMY cyneha, nosanao na rrpHCJIOIbeHHM nyUHMa. MOJKe ce rrpemOCTaBHTH na je CBO,[lna KOHCTpYKUHja 6HJIa rorasxor THIIa, rrpenoarseaa y reMeDY, KaKaB je CJIY'laj y UpKBH MaHacrnpa ConorHJlUe KO,[l [opaJK,I:\a,30 KaO H HeKHM ,l:IpyrHM MalbHM XpaMOBHMa rpahemor y 06JIaCTHMa non anamhy Kocaqa. 31 IIpeJIa3 y CBO,[l H3Ha,[l rrpHCJIOlbeHJIX nyxosa 6HO je narnamea rrpOcPRJIHCaHHM BeHUeM, IIITO 6H ce



o



2008, 100, ClI. 9. Ma3aJIHh 1940,27-43. 1)ypll!i 1970,442-462.



29 IIOilOBlI!i 30 31



 MAPKO nonomrs, CBETJIAHA BYKA)l;HHOBH'B



160



Ca. 26. IIput:AOlbeHU AYK ca )IK)'fllpallUldl.M. BeH~ QlCCOHOMef11pUjcKtl pecrllU11ly~ja Fig. 26. Pointed arch with an inner wreath, axonometric restitution



CA. 27. IIogcraperuje, aJ


MOrJIO 3aK1J>Y'DfI'H Ba OCHOBy BaJla3a mmre yJIOMaKa ca TpaI'OBHMa 4JpecIco Mamepa, 0 'IcMYje Dcn 6KJ1o pe'IH (CJI. 26). Han DeBJJH100fM IIpOCTOpHMa noerojana cy mDICH DQII)'06JIHc:laCTH CBOnOBH, ynpaBHH Da DOJlY)KH)' OCY Qpne. DHIDI cy DOKpHBeIIH ]:lBOCJIHBBHM ICpOB()BHM8., KOjH cy ce H8. ceaepaoj H jymlOj 4tacanu: 38.Bpill8.BllJDI TpOyraoBHM lI>POBTOHHMa, KaO IDTO je TO 6HO CJIY'l8.j H ca rJIaBHHM CBOAOM aa HCTO"IBOj CTpaHH H3Ba,D; wrrapcxe aDCJmC.



Ha aananao] CTpaHH npB06HI'Borxpaaa HaJJa3HO ce 3BOHHK



oco6eBc



KOHCTpyxu:Hje. Crajao je OKO 1 101



HClIpeA sananaor' 3H,Q&., a ca OCHOBIDIM JroPIIYCOM rpa-



1)eBHHe fiHO je DODe3aH 3aCBenelDlM IIp01Ill3OM, '!Hje ce 'feMe CBOna MOrJIO HaJIa.3lI'm Ha OKO 3,5 M H3Han p8.BHH



npara IIOpTIlJI8.. CDH OBH }leJIOBH cy YMel)yc06Hojrpa1)eBHH:CKOj Be3H, mro YKA3Yje BajennoBpeMeBY rpa..u:lbY. 3BOIDIK je DO'lHBao aa ,QRa MaCHBHa DKJIOHa na KOje je 6H0 OCJIOH.eH CRO,Q rpa1)eu CHroMo Cy,QCOH npeaa easyBaHHM OCTa.QHMa IIHIIOHa, TeMe oaora CBO]:la mijeMorJlO 6HTH BIDKC on OKO 5 M. 3a pll3JlllKY on AOu.e KOHCTp}'Kquje 3Bomnca KOja ce MOJKe ,l{OCTa Ta"IBO 38MHCJIHT.H,



Ha OCBOBY OTKpHBeBHX ICBHM 3H,QOBHMa naoca, OBaj THII DeHD;a KapmcrepHCTH'l8ll aa npo4laBa. CTaMfieDa 3Jl8.IL8., HHje y06wmjeD y caxpannoj apxmeKTYPH cpIICICHX 3eMa.lLll BIlTH y rpanOBHMa janpauCKOr rrpnMopja. Y mrrau.y je je,mIa on oc06eBoCTH rpa,IlHTe.lJr CKHX pemeaa n:pne aa IIThCnaH IIOJbY, mro saxresa .lleraJblllijy aBaJJH3Y. KPOBHH DOlqJllBa'I n:pne 6HO je



Morao fiHTH CaMO 3BOHHK »Ha npecnauy«, 'IecT Y apXHTeK'J'YPHjanp8llCKOr npHMopja H cyce]:lBHX 06JIacTH. ITo CBeM}' cy~ehH fiHO je Ma.CHBHeKOBC'I'YKQHje ca MecmMll sa TpH 3BOBa IlOCTaBJIJCHa y ]:lB8 HHBOa. ITpemOCTaBJIJCDa BHCHH8. OROI' 3BOBHKa je MOrna 6HTH IDMel)y 13 H 15 M. Cy,QchH npessa n03BaTUM aHaJIO~aMa, JLeroB8 KOHC'l'IJYKD;Hja je, sepoaarHO, no BHCHHH 6HJIa pac>DWLCHa ca je.u;mw KJIH DHIDe DOneoHHX nenana, Y TOM CMHCJIY MorJlO fiH ce npemoCTamrrH na HeKH on OTKpHBeHHX YJlOMaKa IIJIaCTHKe IIO'l'H'IY ynpaso ca OBHX neaana. Ha yJIa3Y Y H8.0C HaJJa3HO ce nopran Hey06H'1ajeIDIX JnlMeB3Hja, JDHPHHe 0,84 M, a BHCHBe OKO 2,20 M. HMao je Benpo


OAOJIODa.



na, H OCTllJlHM DeprHK8JIHO CJIOJKeBHM ~OBpaTBIfUHMa.



o mrJleJlY ILel'OBHX ropILHX nenOBa HeMa



DOY3~8lIHX



DOnaTalC8.. ITo THIIY'1'O je



 :QPICBA CBETOf C1'El:1>AHA HA IIl'BEIIAH rrOJLY rrD,J:l COI


161



o I



CJL 28.lIopflJaA HaOCa, OCH06a, USL1eg Ie apecefC Fig. 28. Portal of the naos, the foundation, appearance and cross-section



Cy~eliH npeaa JIeJKHDITHMa sa OCOBHBe spara KOje ey o'i}'Balle y npary HHllJnIpaTHHKY, nopran je 6Ho 3aTBapalI,I:UlOlCpHlIIIHM Bpa'l'HHnaMa (CJI. 28). IloJIOJKlljH H H3I'JIe~ npoaopa npB06HI'Be :QPKBe MOIY eeI'OTOBO eaCBHM noy3,QaHo o):qlC~ npeMA ca-



;llyJK



YJlYTPamu.er py6a (CJI. 1113). Ilopen OBICt, aaoc



:QPKBe



je OCBeTJ1>CH ca jom ,I:Ula npoaopa "JHjH ce BeKlll1I'U11bM IlOJIOJKllj Y OKBHpY cesepaor Hjymlor 3H6HO



o6JmK, Mary O~~ H8. 06O'l1CpHBemIX Y myry. Y IIHTalLy



;lla sananaor rpaaeja, KaO H



OCHOBY HaJIa3a JLHXOBICt



xnecanax ;QeKOpaTHBHO



'i)'BaHHM TpaI'OBHMa H8. npeoCTaJDIM ]1eJIOBHMa 3lIJlO-



JIHKOBllIDIX YJIOMaICa



Ba,:KaO H HaJIa3HMa onronapajyhe KaMeBe DJIaCTJflCe. fJlaBHH npooop, oco6eH ITO CBOMe ofiJIHKy, B8JJB.3HO ce Y



cy 6KlD1 je~o]1eJIHH IIp03OpH, ca mm:a mHpHHe OKO



I!IM:ao je B8JlIIP030pBHK JIPo4oonrcaB y B~ ncey~OTpH


»JnljaMallI'CKOr BH3a«, 0 '!eMY je Ben 6Hn:0 pe'DI, BeMa HH.r~m:urja ]la cy H OKBHpH OBOra rrposopa, mapoxor CBeI'8. OKO0,45 M, HMaJIH II1I8.C'I'H'mH }'Kpac. IIpe 6H ce MOrJIO JIPeTIlOCTaBHTH ~a cy TO 6HJIH je~OCTaBBH., paBBo KJIecaHH 6JmKOBH.



Ha neBHHQaMa cy O'i}'B&BH OCTanH M8lbHX npaaoyraoHHX npo3Opa cKpOMBHje npo~KllaInlje, OnBOCBO paaao K1IecaHHX oKBHpa ca opBaMeHTOM o6JIorurrana



CI'APHHAPLVIIf2OO7.



0,40 M xojH ey HMaJIH pasno o6pa.ljeHe ]1onpo30pBHKe H B8JlIIP030pBHK ca IIpeJIOMJLeBHM IIIKlL8.THMJIYKOM H WIaCTIf1IHOM ~eKOpanu:joM K1IecallOM y 1JYXY roT.HKe. Cy;lleDH npeaa OTKpHBeBHM ~lll'MeBIHMa. 06a nposopa cy 6HJIa je~llKO 06pal;eHa ca pen.eclumM }'KpaCOM ».QHjaMaHrcKOr HH3a« H CTHJDI.3OBaHHM I18JIMeTaMa (CJI. 11/4 H 12). Y )'B)"I'paDDLOCT naoca, )'3 jymIH ~ aanarmor rpaseja, no mro je Ben HCTaJeHYTO, H8.JIa3H0 ce rpo6



Jcr'HTOpa JlPICBC CBeTOrCTeaua, BeJIHKOr aojsone Can]18.1L8. Xpa.mdia. EHrro je TO Mecro Tp8JlHltHOBllJIHO HRMeH>eHO 38. caxpaae lCl1iTOpa npeM8. o6H'1lljy, HJIH 60Jbe peseao IIpaBH1lY, KOje je CTQIIeliHMa IIpalCDIKOBaBO y 3eM1baMa BH3lU1D1jCKOr npaBOCJI8BHOI'CBeTa H n0ce6HO



 162



MAPKO



nonomrn, CBET.JIAHA BYICA,J:1HHOBH1i



CA. 29. I'po61CfllUfllopa, aKCOHOMerapujaca peclllUrllJl4Uja Fig. 29. Donor's grave, axonometric restitution



Y cpRClCHM 3eMJJ.aMa.32 BojBomm rpo6, o6e.II~H CTehKoM Y Blf,I:ij' MaCHBBor BHCKOr caJ1,Iij'K8. aa noCTaMeBTY, 6HO je npHIlpCMlbeH jom y BpeMe rpaljeJbau:pne. Ooaj BeJDIKH MOHOJIHl' 0)1 om 2,5 TOBe, TeIIIKO ce Morao ~ o yaeTH Y xpaa, Hehesro norpemara am npem:OCTaBHMO ;r:l;a je y TOK)' 3H)laILa J1PKBe IIpBo ymna:Ba rpOOHa KOMOpa rpaljeHa



BplIYTH CTeIi.ax ca ;r:l;e~er rpOOU::



0)1 MacHBBX1t,PBelDfX 06JIHQR,



1)eua



)10CJIe]lH0 nomTOBaHO



a llOTOM H&)lH.oMIIOCT8.-



BJbeH erehax (CJI. 29). IIoMepl1ll>e osora CTeIiKa npHlIHKOMKaCBHje caxpaue, InTO 6HY OrplUlH'reBOM npocro-



Py :u:pKBe npeJ:lCTaBJb8JlO TeIIIKO OCTBapHB DO;r:l;}'XB&T,



6HJ1o H36emyro. Caxpaaa je MOI'JIa 6Hm mBpmeBa YJCOnoM nopen erebxa H yaOIIIeILeM nOKOjBHK8. y rpo6ByKOMOpy ca lLeHe cenepne 6o'lBe CTp8He. Ha HCTH Ba'DIH cy )10 rpOOHe KOMOpe )10CDeJIH H no3BHjH Wba'DWDH rpo6a. IIoCMaTpaH y U:eJJHHH, KTHTOpCKH rpo6 y npKBH CD. Cre$wa npencraarsa BeOMa pe'lHTO CBC)lO'IaBCTBO 0 XTeHrHMa H BCpoBaH>HMa KTHBepoBaTBO je



Tapa.



Y3 HOC)'MJLHBO JIOKaJIHO 06eJIeJKje, InTO je nper-



CTaBJL8.0 II8JlI'P06HH CllOMeHHK



y



~ erehsa, CBe



ownnee ynyhyjy Ha CTRpHje Y30pe ca nonpysja cpncmx 3eMa.1L8.. 0cHM rpo6a KTHTOpa, y Hooey je 6HJ10 jom rpo6BHX ymDa. Haaanocr, ~ y}'llY'I'p8lllHl xpaMa HcnO)1 paBHH DO~ apmeaa cy CaMO MeCTHMH'IDO H TO )10 )ly6HHe 0)1 csera 0,40-0,60 M, Te ce y TOM OCTaJIe ILeI'OBe



uyro, yosena je ~aJLe llpeMa HCTOK)' jom je)lBa rpOOHa KOBCTpYKUHja, KOjaje OCTllJDl BeHCTplUICeBa. TaxoljeKa



»npecy TO 3a6eJre3CHJD[ HC'I'p8JIQIBa'IH y,I:{Bemoocy panoea. Hcnpe~ IIpBo6Hmor xpaaa y jenno] noanajoj 


ceoepaOM 3H,!JY Ba0C4 OTKpHBeD je jenaa MlUbH KaKO



3H, DO CBeM)' CY)lehKBpeMeHCICH BCOMa 6JIHc:mj, norpa-



IJPOCTP8.Ba IlpHIIpRTa rrpaaoyraone OCHOBe, yuyTp8IIIIbHX nHMeBsHja 8,80 x 7,50 M. Y IbeH HCTO'IBH 3~ YKJIOWI>eBH cy IDIJIOBH cy6cTpyKn:Hje 3B0BHK.ll., je



mro je H3r~YCJIOBHJlO H 3BaTBO Beliy ~ OBOra y onaocy Ba OCTaJIC 3H)lOBC IIpHIIpaTe (CJI. 30). Pa3-



nojaBe MO)l()la fiH BaJLa.1IO npoTyMa"IHTH Tece ojaxajy 60'IBeerpane 3BOHHKa. Ha TO fiH MOfJDI ~a YJC&1ICY HHCKH npo~UH HCTO'lBOf 3H)la mil ceaepoaerosaor H jyroacrosaor ynna npanpare,



JIOI'e OBe



mLOM ~a



mjH )1eJIYjy KaO HeKa BpCTa KOHTpapa. 3H;I:lOBH )10-



rpa1)eHe npanpare CBOjHM OnyCOM Be pa.3JJHICYjy ce 6muo 0)1 OlDfX npoo6H'lHe IqllCBe, OCHM InTO cy rpa1)eBlI uenrro MllILHM nWIYo6pa1)eHHM 6JImroBHMa ICaMCHa. M.rra1)a nparrpara BBje 6HJ1a sacaeneaa, InTO ce MOrno 31lKJJ>}"DlTH aa



H HaJIa3a m



OCBORY aHaJIH3e 0'l}'BllBHX 3H)lOBa., IC8.O



myra. HMana je, no CBeMY CY/lCliH, pasay



CTpOnHY KOBCTpyKllHjy



ocnoaeay aa



MaCHBHe



rpene



CMHCJIY De pacrronaae ~OBO.lLBHM nO]lallHMR. IIpHlIHKOM Hc:mnaoa.u.a rpo6a IcrIf.I'Op8., no nrro je Beh HCTaK-



32



Popovic 2006 a, 99-130; nOIIOBHli,;IJ;. 1992, 165-187.



 uPKBA CBETOf CTEcJ>AHA HA III'BEIIAH IIOJLYIIO.n: COKo-fP~OM



163



CA. 30. QpKfUl C8efllor Cr1letjH»ul, upuIlpaIlla ca saIlagHOM rjJacagoM., uocse getr.UM.WCHe 06H0Be (rjxJ1llo 1973. r.) Fig. 30. Church of St. Steplum, narthex with the weaternfacade,after partial reconstruction (photo 1973)



KOje cy JIeJKa.1Ie ua KOm01IaMa AYJK ceaepnor HjyJKHor 3Hfla. ODeKOm01Ie 6HTI1o ce pa3JIHKYjy o~ OBHX lCOje cy OTKpHBeBe y myry npBo6lrme npxae, JCalCO coojmd: Bebmr ]lHMeH3Hj8.M8. TaKO H IIJI8.C'I'H'III yxpaCOM (CJI.31).



Y



0KBlIpY OTKplfBeBHX :nmoBa IIpHIlpD.Te



aanaae



ce OCTaD:H TpH noprana, ca 3~, ceaepae Hj)')KBe crpaae, 'BIjH cy OKBKpH HMaJIH ~YJCP8C.I'naaHH, 3B.IIB.,QIDI nopran, DIHpHBe 1,55 M, npeocrao je caMe



.r.o BHCHBe MalLe O~ jewror Metpa. HMa ca'l}'BllB



npar in situ



KaO H



nenoae ):(OBpa'1"BHJC8. ca peJLe$loM



):(eKOpaIlHjOM (CJI. 32 H 1413). Y npary, 'BIjaje CllOJLHa HBHI(a noBHIIIeB8., nanaae ce ~ JIeJICHIIlT8. BeprKlOlJIBHX OCOBHBa ):lBOKpHIIHHX Bpa'lmlI18. H):lBa e.mmcoH,ZUIa y~ sa manose, ,IJ;oBpaTIDIUH Heje,l:lBaKe IIIHplIHe HMaJIH cy KIrecaHH YKpaC KDjH nonce1ia aa je,D;HOCTaBHHjy BapHjamy MopaBCKOr npennera. 0 H3rJIe11Y ropaax ):(eJIOBa noprana BCMa no}'3):(8HHX rparoaa. ~ ,D;oBpa11lHUHPda je CHrYPBO erajana apXHTpaBHa rpena, uajBePOBaTBHje Ha)J;BmDeHa IIOJIYKPY1lmOM JIYHeroM. MWire ce npemocTaBHTH, cyI:1ebH npeua MeeT)'



H8.JI8.38.,



):(a



YJlOMllH YKPameHH pe.rr.e4mM: CIIHpaJIaMa



DO'l'H'I)' ca Ha):(Bpa'1"BHJC8.



oaor IIOpTllJI8..



Eo'IHH YJI83H YBpeMe rpal)eu.a IIpHIlpD.Te 6H11H cy HCTHX ]lHMeH3Hja KaO H lI>eB 3B.IIB.,QIDI nopran, Meljy-



CfAPHHAP LVW2007.



THM, H~O, npe



yrpaljHBaJLa KaMelDlX ~OBpaTHH­



06a OBa yJIaaa cy ca caoje sanarme 6o'DIe CTpaue CYJ1reH8. 38. no 0,50 M. HeKa~ ceaepna YJI83 Y npHDpa'IY YBeJDIKOj je MepH nopymea, Te CTOra u.eroB pe.n.e4lHH YJCPaC HHjeca"IYBaH in situ. M01ke ce ):(OCTa noysnaao npeTIIOCTllBlfI'H, K8.O IDTO je seli. peseao, na TpH yJIOMKa yxpameHa BeprKKllJlllHM ltllBeJIYP&M&, ualjeHa y aerrocpenao] 6.1IH3HBH, IIpenc'I'llBJb8.jy ):(eJIOBe ,D;OBpaTHHlCa oeor DOpT8JUl. Mo~ 6B ce H je,QaB KOM~ BeDD;a CJlH'me nporlumauuje Morao IIpHDHcaTH Ka,



mmupaTHHKY HCTOr DopT8JUl. Haj6o.rr.e O1IYBaB OCTao je jy:aam: noPTaJI, DmpHHe 1,13 M, lCOjH je y jenuoj O):l D03HHjHx erana BCHB0T8. xpaMa 118.KE1a):(H0 aa3H;1laH (CJI. 33 H 13).DHO je Ha):lBHmea IlWl}'Kp)']KBOMJIYBeTOM B HMaO je, no mro je:seD peseao,6oraTO npo


 164



MAPKOnonomra, CBETJIAHA BYKA,IUtHOBKB.



CII. 31. C1IlpoflHa KOHC11lpyIC1{Uja ca KOH!JO./UlMtl y llpUllpafllU, WCCOHOMeIllpUjc:Jca pecTllU1llyI¥lja



Fig. 31. CeiUng structure withconsoles in the narthex, axonometric restitution



o IIOJIOJI(8.jy npoaopa IIpHIIpaTe TOKOM HcrpaBCHBalLa Bllje ce nomm no noy3;O:llBHX IIO;u:aTaKa. MOlEe ce CaMO npeTIlOCTaBHTH ;u:a cy Da 6o'IBHM 3H;ItOBHMa nocrojana jeADo;o:emm: IIp03OpH, 110 je;u:aH HJDI ;u:ua ca CBaKe crpane, CJDI'DDI MOB$paMa ca 31lI11ijl110r orpaaeja, HllJI83H yJIOMa1C8. Hannpo3opBHKl1. je;n;He MOBoc}lope ca 6cPnrnM rrepclx>paIlHjaMa Y mr;u:y lIeTBOpwmCTa, Ha.l:)eHH y myry IDMe1)y ceRepoHCTO'IHOr yrJI8. H cesepaor noprana IIpHIIpaTe, )'K83Yjy aa H>eB0 Morylie MeCTO Y 0KBHpY TO!' ;u:e;m. ceaepaor 3H,;u:a. YJlOMInl Ha;o:IIp03opBHKl1. ;u:pyre aenrro CKpOMHHje )'KpaIIIeHe MOHOc}lope, Ba1)eBH TaKOl;e ca cesepae erpaae, M()J1(,Q8. Ta:ml;e IlOTH'IY ca 3H;Qa npanpare, ami BHje HClCJh}"1CB8. HH MOIYliuOCT ;u:a ce P&.lnl 0 IIp030py ceaepaor napaKJlHca. ,ll;e:mpaInljHnposopa RepoRaTHO O~Bapajy H HeICH;u:pyrH YJlOMllH IIJl8.CTHKe, aJIH ce lLHXOB HeKa;u:aIIIlLH mrJIe;o: no lUI IIOIIrnKaj HeMOl')' 6mDKe 0;u:pe;u:m'H. Cy;o:elm npeua Ha.lI8.3Y je;n;Hor MaILeI' nonysamerena OTICpHBeuor Be;u:aJIeKO 0;0: jyrosananaor yrJI8. rrpanpaTe MOrJIO 6H ce DaCJI)'THTH;o:a ce y 0KBHpY H>eBor 3ananaor 3H,;u:a BaJla3Hlla Hen 6Hc}lopa. HMajy1iH YBImY MOryhH nWlOJKllj pasae crponae KOBC'1'pyKlU'Ije, npo30p Y 06mucy 6Hc}lope HHjece Morao B8JI8.3HTH m:aa;u: 1IOpTll.lI8., sen 6H ce npe MorJIO :npemocT8BHIH IIOCTOjaa.e ~ 6Hc}lopua nposopa ca 60'IIIHX crpaua rJI8.BBor YJla3a y npanpary, IIo;o; Y yuyrpamILOCTH IIpHIIpaTe HHje ca'I)'BaH, 8.JIH cy;n;elm npeMa HaJIa3lIM8. YJlOMa1C8. m myra MOrJIO 6H ce 3aKJLY'DfDI;u:a cy ra 'lHlDlJIe06pa1)eue KaMelIe IVIo'Ie nemro MaIE>HX ;n;HMemHja 0;0: OIDIX m naoca JlPKBe. lbmo HeDO;o; paBBH nona BHje HCTplUKHBau, aJIH noCTOje ;O:OCTa nOY3JllUle HHJlHQHje ;u:a je H y rrpoeropy



IIpHIIpaTe BplIIeBO c&XpaIbHBalI>C. Ha TO 6H }'IGl.3HBaJIH ~ YJlOMUH :mjH IIOTH'IY 0;0: TpH no 'IerKpH MaIL8.



crehxa,



0cHM npanpare, Y3 IIpB06HTBY rqumy YOllena je



jomjenaa B8lCH~;n;orpaJ:lIL8..Ca neae ceaepne crpaHe,Y3 38.II9.)];DH rpaae] H 60'1HY CTpaHy IIeBBHI(e norpa1)eH je napaxnac, O;n;HOCBO MaIL8. rpo6Ba KalIeJ18. ;n;HMeB3Hja 2,89 x 2,26 M. YJIa3 Y oaaj n03BHjH anexc, 0;0: KOra je npeoerao npar Hje;o:a:a paaao KJlecaHH aenpo~;u:oBpa'I1DlK,KOjH ceno BpC'llI KaMeB8. HBa'IH-



BY 06~ Be Pll3JDIKYjy 0;0: noprana IIpBo6HTBe npKBe, HaJIa3H0 ce IIpHCJlOlbell Y3H.eH cnOJ&HH ceaeposananUK yrao. 31mOBH napaxnaca, ;o:e6JJ.Hac 0,50 M, 3HaTHO cy CJI8.6Hje rpa1)eHH H J10Imljc yreMCJI>CHH 0;0: OCT8.JlHX ;O:eJIOBa xpaMa H,no CBeMY ~hH, BHcyMorJIH BOCHTH CBO]lB}' KOJICTPYlCUlljy. Y cpe;u:mrny OBe rpOOHe JWIeJIe HeKll,ll;a ce HaJIa3H0 Belm CTeDaK 0;0; xora cy npeoeraJIH CaMO yJIOMllH. 3BallajHo je 38.118J1al1Le HCTpUCHBa'Ia;u:a cy OBHYJlOMItH OTKpHBeHH Y paBBH H e ~ 1IO;u:a, HenO;O: BHCOKHX HaCJI8.ra myra, nrro 6H YJC83lIBaJlO ;u:a je CTeDaK pa36HjeB H rpo6 :mjH ce non lbHM aaJIa3HO OCKplI8BJbCB npe Hero mro je sanosero pymeHoe D:pne.



UeJ18. yuyrpaIIIIbOCT XpaMa CB. Cre4wla 6H1Ia je )'KpaIIICHa 4JpecKaMa. Ilocra CHTBIIX 4Jpar'MCHaTa JIGIBODHCa OTKpHBeBO je Y JIIY'IY H TO BC CaMO npB06HTI1C u:pKBe sen Hnpanpare, :mo H cesepnerpo6Be JWIeJIe. Y0'IeB0 je ;u:a cy CBH HCTOI' lCBaJIHTeT8., cmncaBH Da MaJITepy je;n;HaKe CTp)'lCI'ype nrro BaBO]lII Ba 3aKJLyqaK ;o:a je ocmncaBaJLe 06llBJLel10 Y jeADOM BaBpaT)', DOCJIe mBe;o;eBHX norpa;n;lLH. Ha OTKpHBelDlM 4JparMemHMa, no nrro je Ben HCTlllCllYTO, yrJlaBHOM ce MOrynpeno-



 IlPKBACBElOr CTElI>AHA HA III'REIIAH rrQ]}3 rrOJl COKQ-rPA;:lOM



165



o I



CA.32. 3a1lagHU aoplllaA upuIlpaIlle,



0CH06D.



U U3fJfeg



Fig. 32. Western portal ofthe narthex, foundationand appearance



:maTH TaMHOIIJIaBe II03~e Be1C8.romnLHX lCOMlI03HUKja H OOpAYPC CJIHJCaHe ItHHo6epoM. Ha BHDIe rpparMeB8.Ta ca'I}'B8.HH cy ~OBH, 0J1BOCBO noje~ CJIOBa CpnCICHX hHpHJICICHX carnarypa. Ha BlODe lWarMeIl8.Ta, KOjH 6H MOrJDI nOTlfD;aTH ca opeoJIa HJIH ~OBa o,o:eJK,IUoI, yo~elDl cy Tp8l'OBK 3JlaTHllX JBIC'l'Idia IBID 6K }'Ka3KBa110 88. 60r8.TCTBO K penpe3eHTllTHBHOCT cPpecaxa KOje cy xpacane ~>K6HHY De.1IHK01" BojBo,o:e



CaH,J::UlJI>a Xpamdia. OCTaUH ca TparoBHMa HHJCapBaTa lCOjK 6H noMOrJDI 6JnDIreM CTHJI6HJ1H cy H3Y3eTHO peTICH. Ty je 0):1 rrocednor 3Ha'laja ):leO rnaae ca KOBpI.J8.M8. KOCe KOje YJC1l3yjy na CTHJI H MOryhe nopelCJIO cmncapa.., 0 ~eMY he nane 6HTH pe'DL HI. OTICpKBeHHM ,!J;eJlOBHMa ~ODa. casyaaao je BeaMa M8J1O noBpmKHD. ca OCTllIUDDl:x0m0nKC8.. To cy yrJIaBBOM noae 30He CJIHIC8.lIor COKJI8.. YomapcKOM npoeropy npeoCT8.JDf cy TparoBK CJDDC.aBe .o:panepKje. Y lIHTaILy je 'IecT K BeoMa crap MOTHB Y XpKIIdiaHCKOj YMeTHOCTH ea eltM60JDrnmM 3lI8.'1eJLeM, y OBOM cnyomjy H3,llBajaIL8. OJITapa no Be6eclce erpepe, 0,0: oeranor nena xpaMa. 33 31. pa3JDIKY 0):1 OJITapa y neomm:8.M8. K na yJlll3y y IIpHIIp8.TY COKJI je CJIHK8.H no HMHT8.ItHja MepMepHe OIJJIaTe ca HllKpyCT8.IlHj8.Ma. Jenmm):1eT8JL KOMlI03KUKje ca cPpameHTOM cPKrYPe cseror p8.THHKa, OTKpHBeH B8. jyJKHoj CTpllBH nponaaa, O.o:aOCHO BecTH6yJla H3Met;y:aaoc8. H nparrpare, HaBO.!nl H8. 3ll101l}"lllK,!J;8. ey ce H lIpBoj 30BH 3CHBOnKca npKBe, no IBID je TO H yo-



o I



CA. 33. J'Y'fCHU aop1llQ.A apuIlparIJe, OCH06a U U3rAeg Fig. 33. Southern portal ofthe narthex, fountlation and appearance



HJIH BelCKX ;rteTaJL8.



ClCOM o]q)et)elLy HeKaJtamJLeI' JKHBOIDIC8.



38.n8.J1B0r TpaBeja BepoBaTHO ce H8.JI8.3H1I8. rrHTOpcKa KOMII03HQHja. IIpe rroxymaja rrpeuu:mHjer ):18.TOBaH.8. UpKBe CD. Cn$uIa K cyxnecHBBHX ,!J;orpll,Il;lbH I1O'l'pe6BO je p8.3MOTpHTH nopeicro aeae 8.pxIl'l'CIcr}'pe, CTHJICKe oWlHKC KaMeBe nn8.CTIf:Ke K OCTaTaKa JKHBOIDIC8.. TaKOl)e, naCTOja1ieMO ,!J;8. ,o:CTaJDBKje P8.3jacHHMO 4Jymanfjy ODor 3HaMeHHroI' xp8.Ma H npomoareM0 Y HaMepe Imrl'Op8. KOje cy nperot0):1HlIC ILeI'OOOM no)J;H38.ILY. O6JnnroM CBOje OCBOBe je):1l106po):1Hor xpaManoneJLeHOr na TpH TpaBeja ca npaooyraoBIIM neollH'DCHM npoCT0pHM8. upICB& CR. Cn$uIa B8.CT8.BJL8. Tpll):1HIlHje crapajer p8.IlIKOr rpll,ltll'l'eJJ.C, mro je y pa3,o:o6JI.y y KOMe aacraje rrpe):1CTaB1bllJ10 3H8.'1ajuy HOBHuy. Y Cp6HjH noCJIe,IU&HX ):1enelDlja 14. H n~eTK8. 15. sexa



6H':1ajeIlo, B8.JI8.3HJIC crojehe rpu:rype CBeTH'I'CJL8.. Han rpo6oM Be.1IHK01" Bojoo,o:e CaHJ:llUL8.



CTAPHHAP LVf1l2007.



B8.



j)'3BOM 3HAY



33 ~enromrllllltPJIH 2005, 102-103.



 166



MAPKO IlOIlOBIffi, CBETJIAHA BYKA,I1;:IiHOBHli



,l:\OMHHaHTHH IlJIaH upxae 6HO je TPHKOHXOC 3aCHOBaH



na cseroropcxmr Y30pHMa. Onnyxa KTHTOpa, Be.JIHKOr aojsone Caanan,a, ,l:\a CBOjOj 3a,l:lyJK6HHH ,l:\a 06Jll1'1je crapnjer paIIIKOr nacneha, y BpeMeHHMa xana cy cprrCKe 3eMJbe 6HJIe paajemnsene H H3JIo*eHe rrpHTHCUHMa CrrOJbHHX nenpajarena, HMaJIa je 6e3 cYMIbe ,l:Iy6Jbe aaaxeae. Ocnaaaaev na crapnje rpamntaje, IIITO ce orzrena H y xpasrosaoj rrOCBeTH CB. Crerpany, noxpoBHTeJbY npacase H ,l:\HHaCTHje HeMa1bHha,34 KTHTOp je HCKa3HBaO re)KJby xa jaqeM yreMeJbelby csoje BJIaCTH y 06JIaCTHMa xoje cy y npenxonaosr pa3,l:\06JbY 6HJIe neo cpncxe npacase. IIo,l:\H3a1beM 3a,l:1yJK6HHe H aanrpotiaor xpaua HaMelbeHOr CBOM Be~OM noxojy Cannan, ce CBpCTaBaO Y3 csoje npenxomraxe, cpncxe ananape H BeJIMo*e. To rroxasyje H H360p TPa,l:\HUHOHaJIHOr rro.noacaja sa MecTO caxpane Y3 jy)KHH3H,[\ sananaor TPaneja, xao H sa )KHBOTa npanpesoseno rp06HO MecTO. 3HaqajHY YJIOry H Ba)KaH Y30P Y THM XrelbHMa, KaO IIITO je TO ,[IaBHO yoxao rrporp, B. J. 1)ypHn, HMaoje MaHacTHP MHJIemeBa, KOjH je TOKOM rrpae rrOJIOBHHe 15. nexa, CBe,l:\O TYPCKHX ocsajaaa, 6HO y o6JIaCTH non BJIamhy BeJIHKOr nojaone Caanarsa H aeronor HaCJIe,l:lHHKa xepuera CreepaHa. 35 OBO 3HaMeHHTO CBeTHJIHmTe ca rp060M CB. Cane 6HJIO je rrpaBOCJIaBHO ,l:\YX0BHO cpe,l:\HIIlTe npacane Kocasa, IIITO je HCKa3aHO H y THTYJIH Caanarsesor HaCJIe,l:lHHKa - »xepnera on CB. Cane«. 3H,l:\aHH HKOHOCTac npencraarsa raxohe saaxajay nojasy npa paasrarparsy ~Houa KOjH cy yranana na 06JIHKOBalbe Caanarseae 3a,l:ly*6HHe. Onaj THIIOJITapCKe nperpane naje KaPaKTePH~aHsa paIIIKe nnanapCKe 3a,l:lyJK6HHe, aJIH ce janrsa y MalbHM BJIaCTeOCKHM XpaMOBHMa rpahemor TOKOM 14. aexa, He paaaarpajyhH CBe aaanorae rrpasrepe KOjH cy MOrJIH rrocJIY)KHTH xao Y30P rpamrrenaeaa npxae CB. Crerpaaa, rrOMeHHMO CaMO MaHacTHP Kpymeno y IIO,l:\pHlbY, cana ,D;06PYH,36 rne je CBe no peKOHCTPYKUHje OBe MaHaCTHpcKe upxae xpajeu 19. aexa rrocrojana cmoma OJITapCKa rrperpa,[Ia. Ca npyre crpane, 3H,[\aHH HKOHOCTac y xpasry BOjBO,l:\e CaH,l:\aJba 6e3 CYMlbe je yrnuao Ha rpa,l:lHTeJbe 3a,l:Iy*6HHa lberoBor HaCJIe,l:\HHKa, y CorrOTHHUH KO,l:\ rop~37 H Ha 3arpal)y, me cy TaKol)errocTOjaJIe 3H,[IaHe OJITapCKe rrperpa,l:\e. 3a pa3JIHKY O,l:\ OCHOBHe H,l:\eje H IIJIaHa upKBe yreMe.JbeHHX Ha pamKHM TPa,l:\HUHjaMa O,[\JIHKe IbeHeapXHreKTYPe rroKa3yjy H,l:Ipyreyrnuaje. Ty je O,l:\ rrpecY,l:\Hor 3Haqaja 6HJIO aHra)KOBalbe rpa,l:\HTeJba, KOjH cy, 003 cYMlbe, rrOTHUaJIH ca IIpHMopja, mTO je HamJIO CBora 0,l:lpa3a KaKO y KOHCTPYKTHBHHM pemelbHMaTaKO H ,l:\eKopaTHBHoj IIJIaCTHUH. Ha~H rpal)elba 3H,l:\OBa H rrpernoCTaBJbeHH 06JIHK I'OTII'IKor CBO,[la, CJllI'IaHOHOMe H3CorrOTHHUe, HMajy cBoje Y30pey rpa,l:\HTeJbCTBy



,D;y6poBHHKa H rrpHMOpCKHX 06JIaCTH. M30CTaHaK KYnone nan ueHTPaJIHHM rpasejou, xapaxrepacraane aa pannco rpa,l:\HTeJbCTBO, MO)K,l:la 6H ce Momo aajnaxme nporyaaxara ~HHUOM na TaKBa BpCTa KOHCTPYKnaje HHje 6HJIa 6JIHCKa HeHMapHMa ca Ilpaaopja, re CTOra remKa aa asnoheae. Hsrnen H KOHCTPYKUHja 3BOHHKa ncrrpen sanannor npoaen,a rrpB06HTHe npxne CB. Crerpana, aa nrra . . HeMa nenocpemrax aHaJIOrHJa na aanresr nozrpysjy, yxasyje aa CJIo*eHHjH nyr yranaja. Ilojasa 3BOHHKa na npecmmy nan 3arra,l:\HHM KaJIKaHOM, y je,l:\HOCTaBHHjHM HJIH CJIo*eHHjHM aapajaaraua, y06~ajeHa je y janpancxmr rrpHMOpCKOM 06JIacTHMa H 1bHX0BOM sanehy, He cauo y pa3,l:\06JbHMa cpemser aexa Ben H xacnaje. Ty ce roTOBO rro rrpaBHJIY 3BOHHK oaora THIIa HaJIa3H nan KaJIKaHOM aananne epaca,l:\e, a He xao H3naojeno nocrpojeae KaKaB je cnysaj KO,l:\ upxne na Illhenan norsy, MO)K,l:la je jenno on CJI~HHX pemersa, xoje ce na HacJIYTHTH KO,l:\ Ben nosrarsaae MaHaCTHpCKe upxae y ,D;06pYHY, Momo ,l:\a rrocJIY)KH rrpHJIHKOM rpahena Cannarseae 3a,l:ly)K6HHe. 3arra,l:\Ha epaca,l:\a oaora xpasra 06JIHKOBaHa je ca je,l:\HHM .nysno npecne,l:\eHHM »BecTH6yJIOM« ~ja KOHCTPYKUHja nnje rrpoyqeHa HHTH je 06jamlbeHOneao anaseae, 6y,l:lyhH na je canannsa asrnen ,l:\06HJIa rrpHJIHKOM nocnemse 06HOBe xpajesr 19. BeKa. 38 OcTaUH osor rrocrpojeaa, rrocstaTPaHH 6e3rr03HHjHX norpamsa, rro CBeMY cyneha npercraarsajy ,l:\01bH neo KOHCTpYKUHje Ha,l:\ KOjOM ce HaJIa3HO neha 3BOHHK »na npecmmy«. YKOJIHKO 6H OBa nperrrocramca 6HJIa Ta~a, IIITO y 6y,l:lyhHoCTH rpefia rrponepnra, a HMajyhH y BH,[Iy H aHaJIOrHY rtojasy 3H,[IaHHX OJITapCKHX nperpana, Momo 6H ce 3aKJbyqHTH na je jenan on Y30panpa rpabeay xpasra CD. Crerpana na Illhenan norsy, rro cBeMY cyneha 6HJIa H MaHacTHPCKa upxna y ,D;06pYHY. AHaJIH3a OCTaTaKa xasreae IIJIaCTHKe ca nexopaTHBHHM eJIeMeHTHMa paheaaa y nyxy noane rormce raxohe yxasyje Ha yrnuaj rrpHMOpCKHX KJIecapa. OpHaMeHTaJIHH MOTHBH ca IIJIaCTHKe rrp030pa H rroPTaJIa upKBe CB. CreepaHa, Kao IIITO cy »)KHOKa Ha pa60m«, »,l:\HjaMaHTCKH HH3«, »jajacTH mTarr« H »TOP,l:\HPaHO y*e« qeCTH cy Ha rr03Horo~ crrOMeHHUHMa rrpBe rrOJIOBHHe 15. BeKa y IIpHMopjy, rroce6Ho ,D;y6pOBHH-



34 liOpOBHIi.-Jby6HHKOBHIi. 1961,45-56. 35 l)ypHli. 1975, 18. 36 IlonoBHIi. 2002a, 103. 37 Ma3amdi. 1940, 27-43. 38 IlorroBHIi. 2002a, 97, CJI. 1.



 167



uPKBA CBETOf C'I'E


C'.4. 34. QpI(Sa CeerllOr C1llt$ma ape gorpag1be rlpUIlpallle, l1KCOlIOMelllpujem pecrllU1llyt94ja Fig. 34. Church ofSt. Stephon before the additional construction ofthe narthex, axonometric restitution



ICY no B&j6mDI


]leTlLILH na ICaMeHoj IIJI8.CTHUH, nocetino na BeJIHICHM KOII3QIIaMa sa xoje CMO npem:OCT8.BHJIH ]la cy HOCKlIe erpormy KOHCTpYJCIlHjy y IIpHIIp8.TH, no MOTKBHMa. H H3Bot)e1I>y, 6mlcICH cy JlOKaJIIDIM OCTB8.peILHMa. II03B8.THM C& .QeICOp& CTeDan. Oane BllJha YJCI13&m H na je,IJ;By nojasy KOja BeMa 6mDKHx lUIaJIomja y caICpaJllloj &pXHTeJCI'YPH aa HameM no.u:p~. Y IIKI'alby je pemeJLe no~mja :QPKBe Co. Crectwm ca HH30M TaJIBH



KOH3OJI8. Ball: KOjHMa je XOpmOllTaJlIDI seaan, OBaKBO pemeae xpoBBe erpexe y06H'1ajeHo je y npo$moj



YCJIOBHJIO



OBaICBO Bey06H'1ajeBo pemeu.eOCTane BaM



ce He 6H MOrJIa HCICJL)"DrI'H HH MOje lIpBo6HTHO 38.MH11D1oeHH &pKaJ:lBH $pH3



BeIIOOHaTO, Ma]la ryImoCT.u:a



6K1Io



TeIDICO H3BeCTH



yCJIe]l



He]lOCT8.TK8. o6yt:IeHHX



Majcmpa rra ce rrpH6emo jeJlllOCT8.BIDIjeM pemen:.y. Orsopeao je IIKI'aILe y KOjOj MepH cy sa rpal:)eu.e xpaM& Co. C~ 6H1IH lUIl'8JKOBaBH IlpHMopcm rpa,I:UfI'eJbH. CaCBHM je CH11'PHO .u:a cy y TOMe OCTBapelbY }"IecTBOBllJDI H .u:oMatiH MajCTOpH. To 6H ce noce6HO MOrJIO 3aIQLY'DfiK IIpHlIHICOM nOCMaTplULa KaMeHC IIJI8.C'I'HIre



me ce



IlOpe.u: BeJCHX,



HCTHB8.



pel)ux 60JLe



CTaMfieuOj apxHTeKTypH, ICaICO I'OTHICe TaKO H IlO3BK-



jn enoxa y.z:b'6poBBHIC'J H Y II8.M8. 6mDJcHM 06JIacTHMa Me.u:mepaua, 8JIH BKje yOOH'lajeHa Ka]l8. cy y IlHTalLy no]lcTpemja caKpaJIHHX rpal:)eBHBa.. illTa je



crAPHHAP LVll/2007.



39



ZivllllOViC 1988, 140-158; ZivllllOViC 1989,49-68.



 168



MAPKO IIOIIOBlfli, CBETJIAHA BYKA,l];HHOBIffi



KJIeCaHHX KOMaLla, yosasa H MHOIIITBO xoje onaje pyKY CJIa6HjHX MajcTOpa. 3a nexe neran-e IIJIaCTHKe pahene OLI MeKOr neurrapa, rrorryr onrapcxor nannpo30pHHKa, rrpe 6H ce MOmO pehn .n:a cy pesana Hero KJIecaHH. Morno 6H ce nperrrocramrra na cy HXpaLIHJIM JIOKaJIHH MajCTOpM BJIqHJ{jM 06paLIH LlPBeTa M napaLIH .n:y60pe3a. Ha TO 6H MOJK,I:Ia YKa3HBaO H H360p MOTHBa KOLI BeJIHKHX KOH3OJIa y rrpnnpara, 0 qeMy je Ben 6HJIO pesa. Mel)yrnM H nopen qHlbeHMue Lla cy y rpahersy yqeCTBOBaJIH H JIOKaJIHH HeHMapM, sa rJIaBHe panoae na rrOLIH3albY ceoje 3a.n:y)K6MHe BeJIHKH BOjBO.n:a CaHnan, Je CaCBHM CHrypHO aHra)KOBaO rrpHMOpCKe 3H,n:ape, 6y.n:yliH.n:a y 06JIacTHMa KojHMaje OH BJIaLlaO naje 6HJIO rpamrreosa BJlqHHX rrOLIH3albY MOHYMeHTaJIHHjHX 3L1alba. 40 Mana rpaherse upxne CB. Crerpaaa HHje OCTaBHJIO rpara Mel)y caqyaaHHM apXHBCKHM LlOKYMeHTHMa, neheao rrorpeIIIIITH aKO 3aKJbyqHMO na je lbeH rJIaBHH neasrap crarao H3,I:Or6poBHHKa. Ha TO 6H MOrJIM na YKa~ HeKH nocpenaa casyaana nonaua KOja ce 0LIHoce na Caanarsea Coxo-rpan y KOHaBJIHMa. HaMMe, ry je 1421. roLIHHe, rro HaJIOry BeJIHKOr BOjBOLIe, aa rpaheae upxae 6MO YHajMJbeH .n:y6poBaqKJI Majcrop MHXOq Pammrah ca CBOjHM rroMohHMuHMa. 41 Y HCTOM YTBPl)eIbY, HeKOJIHKO ronnaa panaje, na rpaheIby UHCTepHe ca 6yHapoM 6HO je aHra)KOBaH .n:y6poBaqKJI3H,n:ap AHryH ca CMHOM BMUOM. 42 Yrrpano 'rana, xpajesr npyre nenenaje 15. nexa, rpahena je M Cannarseaa IIaJIaTay ,IJ;y6pOBHJIKY. HMajyliH CBe OBO y BM.n:y, JIOfJIqHO 6M ce Momo npernocramrra na je y MCTOM OBOM pa3L106Jby aKO HeH HeIIITO panaje, rpabena H upKBa CB. Crerpana xpaj nnannor 3aMKa M »CTOJIHor MeCTa« Kocaxa, Y3 aarazcoaane jennor 0Ll.n:y6poBaqKJIX nemrapa, xojaje MOJK,I:Ia Ben panao HeKH rrocao rro na.nory BeJIHKOr nojaone. IIpernOCTaBKe 0 nopexny apxarexrype M HeHMapHMaupxne CB. Cretpana Moma 6M.n:a nonyne Maexa aanazcarsa 3aCHOBaHa na aHaJIH3M rrpeOCTaJIHX Tparona )KHBOIIMca. MaLIa je Y30paK KOjHM paCrrOJIR)KeMO M3Y3eTHO MaJIH, na HeKHM LleTaJbHMa ce MIIaKrrperro3Hajy roTJ{qKJI yrnuajM, rroce6Ho Ha paHMje rrOMeHYTOM q,parMeHry rJIaBe aHl)eJIa ca KOCOM y KOBPJ.I3.Ma. To 6MYKa3HBaJIO Ha MoryhHoCT Llaje OCJIHKaBalbe upKBe CB. Creq,aHa ca Llorpal)eHoM rrpnrrpaTOM 6HJIO rroBepeHo TaKol)e HeKOM 0Ll rrpHMOpCKHX cJIHKapa. MaLIa cy IIMCaHM M3BOpM Y TOM CMMCJIY BeOMa OCKYLIHM, OLI M3Y3eTHOr 3Haqaja je rroLlaTaK .n:a .n:y6poBa~0 MaJIO Bene jYHa 1429. roL\MHe Ha XMTaH CaH,uaJbeB 3axreB y cJIY)K6y BeJIHKOM BOjBOLIH yrryrHJIO I,bmaHa YrpMHoBMha, CBorTaLla Haj60Jber cJIHKapa. IIocpeLIHo ce MO)Ke 3aJbyqHTH.n:a je OH Ha TOM rroCJIY OCTao roTO-



BO roLIHHY .n:aHa.43 Y xoje MecTO je oramao H IIITa je panao OCTaJIO je Herr03HaTO. Haje MCKJbyqeHo na je yrrpaso lbeMY 'rana 6HJIO nosepeao OCJIHKaBalbe BOjBOL\MHe 3a.n:y)KfiMHe non COKOJICKHM 3aMKOM. Cannan, ce ca cnocotiaomhy YrpMHOBMna yrrosuao rrpHJIHKOM OCJIHKaBalba BojBOL\MHe nanare y ,IJ;y6pOBHMKY TOKOM 3HMe 1427-1428. ronane. Ilpesra peqHMaB. J. Bypaha »6MO je TO yMeTHHK M3Y3eTHOr napa, KOjM je ,IJ;y6pOBHHKOM nponocao CTHJI y KojeM cy ce BM3aHTHjcKH 06JIMUM y cpehnoj cpaasrepa rrpeIIJIHTaJIH ca roraxKHM, na HaqJIH rrponahen BeK pannje y paLIHoHMUM MJIeTa~or MajcTOpa IIaOJIa«.44



o



BpeMeHY nonaaaisa 3a.n:y)KfiMHe BeJIHKOr BOjBOLIe Cannana Xpanaha M lbeHHX rr03HMjHX norpamsa HeMa HerrOCpeL\HHX HHTH caCBHM rroy3L1aHHX nonaraxa. CTHJICKa aHaJIH3a xasreae IIJIaCTHKe oxroryhasa casro LlOCTa mMpOKO .n:aTOBalbe y npny rrOJIoBMHY 15. aexa. HeIIITOy)KJ{ XpOHOJIOmM pacnon rrpyzca 1435. rortana, 0LIHOCHO spene Cannanese caxpane xana je upxsa CB. Crerpana, rro CBeMY cyneha, Ben 6HJIa KOMIIJIeTHO rorosa. Panaje HaBeLleHM nenana 0 anrazsonarsy ny6pOBaqKJIX neasrapa M MoryneM KacHMjeM OCJIHKaBaIby rrpyscajy MoryhHoCT HeIIITO rrpeuaauajer naroaana. CKJIOHM CMO nperrrocraaua .n:a je casra upxaa nozmrHYTa rrpe xpaja npyre nenenaje 15. sexa, Mel)YTHM, ocraje orsopeao mrraae xoje rex TPe6a pasaarpara, Lla JIMje TOrrOHHM Illhenan Ilene, xojaje npsa rryr aa6eJIe)KeH 1419. roLIHHe, nacrao y Be3M ca nocaerov upxne, KaKO ce TO 06J1qHo cssarpa, MJIH je MOJK,I:Ia M crapnja, TeIIIKO je nosepoaara na je ncrse non COKOJICKHM 3aMKOM Ll06HJIO HMe 0LIMax HaKOH nonaaana Cannarseae 3a.n:y)K6MHe, xoja npesra OHOMe IIITO noxa3Yjy neae pymenane HHje nonarnyra na Mecry nexor pannjer CBeTHJIMIIITa, HHTH 6H Moma 6HTH crapaja 0Ll



npyre neuenaje 15. nexa. Ilorpamsa npanpare MOrJIa je YCJIeL\MTH y6p30 naKOH aanpmenca castor xpasra, na IIITa 6M YKa3HBaJIa CTHJICKH yjennasena xnecaaa IIJIaCTHKa. Paanore sa norpahanaae npanpare MOrJIM 6M rrporyMaqHTH )KeJbOM KTHTOpa Lla neroaa 3a.n:y)KfiMHa M rp06HM xpaa rrOCTaHe rropo~ MaY30JIej. Ha OBaKBy rrperrrocTaBKYHaBOLIH ~HMUa Lla je y rrpnrrpaTHrrocTOjaJIO HeKOJIHKO rp060Ba 06eJIe)KeHHX CTenuHMa, KaO IIITO je TO



40 41 42 43 44



l)ypHii 1970,459-460. Fiskovic 1947,93. Fiskovic 1947,52. Ta,IIlIh 1952,79. l)ypHii 1970,463.



 UPKBA CBETOf CTE


6HO c.rryqaj H ca CaMHM rp060M KTHTOpa. YKOJIHKO rrpnXBaTHMO MoryhHoCT ,ua je xpaa OCJIHKaBaH xpajea TPehe neueaaje 15. nexa, H TO jennonpesreao upsna ca IIpHnparosr, 1429. romma 6RJIa 6H »terminus ante quem« aa H3Be,ueHY norpamsy. 3a pa3JIHKY on npnrrpare, sa npesrencxo onpehene ,u03Ht;HBalba cesepne rpofine xanene HeMaIIOy3,uaHHX enesreaara. CaM IIOJIOJKaj onor IIapaKJIHCa, IIoce6HO neronor ynaaa, HaBO,uH aa IIOMHCaO na je nacrao rrpe norpamse npnrrpare, 6y.uyhHna MY je IIpRJIa3 IIo,uH3aIbeM neaor HCTO'llIOr 3H,ua y aaasajaoj MepH6HO 0TeJKaH. Ca npyre CTPaHe, 6y.uyhH,ua He 3HaMO KO je 6HO caxpalbeH HCIIO,u MOHYMeHTaJIHOr, ca,ua YHHITITeHor crehxa, reIIIKO6H ce Momo yOIIIllTepacnpaanara 0 IIO6y,uaMa,ua ce OBaKO y06JIHqHje,uHo rp06HOMecTO. Ee3 cyxae TY je IIOqHBaO HeKO on 3HaqajHHjHX qJIaHOBa IIOpO,uHUe Kocaxa, MOJK,ua jenan on CaHL\3.JI>eBe 6pahe, aJIH ce He 6H Morna HCKJbyqHTH HH MoryhHoCT ,ua je onne y IIHTalbY jenaa on II03HHjHX caxpana H3 apeMeHa BojBO,uHHOr HaCJIe,uHHKa, xepnera Crerpana. Ha IIpOCTOpy y nenocpennoj 6JIH3HHH upxne CB. Crerpana HeMa TparoBa CTaM6eHHX o6jeKaTaMOHaIIIKe sajenaane IllTO6H YKa3HBaJIO na je CaHL\3.JI>eBa 3a.uyJK6HHa CJIYJKH.JIa KaO MHpCKH, a He MaHaCTHpCKH xpast. Oraopeno je mrrane xoja je 6RJIa aasreaa rrpocrpanor anatsa ~JH cy TParoBH rrpeII03HaTH nsanecerax MeTapa on upxne. Y paBHH IIIheIIaH IIOJb3., cesepao on npxne, JIeJKaJIO je nonrpabe COKOJICKOr 3aMKa ca »CIIOJbHHM ,uBOpOM« nenaxor nojaone CaHL\3.JI>a y KOMe je H3,uaTa IIOBeJb3. ,I(y6poB~a 1419. ronane, KaO H pesaneauHjaJIHHM KOMIIJIeKCOM lberoBor HaCJIe,uHHKa. TparoBH 06jeKaTa nexanannser rronrpaha ca ,uBOpOBHMa, KOjH ce nacnyhyjy ce na mapen KOMIIJIeKcy y cpenamlbeM ,uenyIIOJba, rex qeKajy cnoje HCTpaJKHBaqe. HaKOH CMPTH BeJIHKOr sojaone Caanana, neron naCJIe,uHK, IIOTOIbH xepuer Crerpan HaCTaBJb3.jyhH IIOPO,uH'IHY TPa,uHUHjy rparta na 3arpat;y, 6pery HHJKe castor COKOJICKOr 3aMKa, CBOjy 3a.uyJK6HJIY. Y HOBOM xpasry, KOjH H3me,ua HHKa,ua naje y UeJIHHH HHje6HO saapmen, aaKTHTOpa je 6RJIO IIpHIIpeMJbeHO rpo6HOMecTO o6e.rreJKeHO crehKOM. 45 llipOM cy,u6HHe, xepuer Crerpan TY HHje Morao 6HTH caxparsen, 6y.uyhH,ua cy TypUH KOMIIJIeKC COKOJICKOr 3aMKa 3aIIOCeJIH 1465, roAHHY nana rrpe neroae cxrpra 22. Maja napenne ro,uHHe. 46 UpKBa CB. Cre


CTAPMHAP LVII/2007.



169



,uOK ueno 3,ua1be HHje HCqe3JIO IIO,u BHCOKHM nacnaraMamyTa.



*** 3a.uyJK6HHe Kocasa IIo,uHrJIYTe ya IbHXOBO »CTOJIHO MecTO« - COKOJICKH 3aMaK, rrpyacajy HOBa csenoaauCTBa 0 OBOj 3HaMeHHTOj snacreocxoj, O,uHOCHO nnanapCKOj IIOpO,uHUH, nocefino IbHXOBOj KOH


pnrpancxor rrarpnjapxa I'eaannja ynyheno xao onroBOp cHHajCKHM MOHaCHMa 1454. ronane, y KOMe HXOH otianenrraaa na je xepner rex rrpe MaJIO npestena IIOcrao XpHmhaHHH »IllTOjasno He noxasyje jep ce 60jH BJIacTeJIe«, re ra CTOra HeTpe6aIIOMHlbaTH y JIHTYPrnjH. 47 Ta HCKpHBJbeHa CJIHKa 0 IbHXOBOj sepcxoj npnIIa,uHOCTH rrparnna nx je He casro sa JKHBOTa neh je naCTaBRJIa,ua oncraje H y aanresr BpeMeHY H TO He casao y HCTOpHorpa


2008, 89-111. 1964, 264-267. liHpKoBHh 1964,215. ,Umrnh 1978, 183.



45 IIOIIOBHh



46 'liHpKOBHh 47 48



 170



MAPKO IIOIIOIllili, CBETJIAHA BYKA,IJ;llliOlllili



na je aa pa3JIHKY on ueHTPa.JIHe Bocne rue je 6RJIa yrnnajna 60ryMllJlcKa jepec, craHOBHHIIITBO y 3eMJbaMa Kocasa 6HJIo je rrpaBOCJIaBHO Y3 H3BecTaH 6poj KaTOJIHxa y 3arra,UIIHM xpajemora. qHlbeHHlla na cy o6JIacTH KOjHMa cy BJIa,Ua..JIH HOMHHa.JIHO 6HJIe y OKBHpy 6ocaHcxor KplLJbeBCTBa rue cy nyro 60ryMIDIH6HJlH rrperezota ananajyha CT)'K'l'YPa, HHje 6HTHO yTHUaJIa na IbHXOBO BepCKO orrpenenene. Casynaaa cy aaasajaa CBeUOqaHCTBa 0 IbHXOBOM HecKpHBeHOM 0PTOUOKCHOM xpmnhaaCKOM orrpenersersy. He 3aJIa3ehH y rroje,UHHOCTH OBe CJIO)l(eHe rrpo6JIeMaTHKe, xoja 3aXTeBa nocetiay cry,UHjy, naposaro HaKOH HOBHjHX OTKpHha H caauarsa, 3a.n:p)I(UneMO ce casro na HeKHM ~HHUaMa. 3a apeMe BJIa.uaBHHe BeJIHKOr aojaone Caanaisa H neroaor HaCJIe,UHHKa xepnera Crerpana, nyre roTOBO ce,UaM nenenaja, rro,UHrHYT je qHTaB HH3 rrpaBOCJIaBHHX xpasrona. Ha TOM nonpysjy TOKOM npne rrOJIOBHHe 15. aexa U0JIa3H UO cnojenpcne »penecance- pamxor rpamrren-



CTBa. Ilpesta pe~a B. J. Bypnha, 3a.uy)l(6HHe rropoJJ:HUe Kocasa H3,UBajajy ce ou npocexaor rpa,UHTeJbCTBa caora uo6a BeJIHqHHOM, nonexan Heo6~HM pemeIbHMa, H3Y3eTHOM JIerrOTOM o6JIHKa H rrporropnnja. EOraTCTBO noponane H CTa.JIHe nese ca ca yMeTHHUHMa jyaorax rpanona Janpancxor rrpHMopja o6e36eUHJIM cy IbHXOBOj apXHTeKTYPH Y3JIeT H aaasaj. SarrattIba~a CTHJlCKa ofienescja xpasrona Kocaxa H ~ »PYKOIIHC« xnecapa yxasyjy na MecTa rue cy ce MajCTOpH o6pa30BaJIH. 49 IIOUH3albeM 3a.uy)l(6HHa Y3 »CTOJIHO MecTO« non COKOJIOM H xpasiona HaMelbeHHX CBOM Be~OM noxojy Kocaxe ce acxasyjy xao rrOCJIe,UIbH HaCTaB.Jba~ HeMaIbHhKHX TPa,UHUHja paHHjHX BeKOBa y BpeMeHY xoje je rrpeTXOJJ:H.TlO KOHa~OM TYPCKOM OCBaJalbY cpncxax aessana. Crrosrea na TO IbHXOBO UeJIO qyaajy xpaMOBH o KojHMa je onne 6HJIO pexa H pymenaae COKOJICKOr 3aMKa KOjH jom YBeK qeKa cnoje HCTPU)l(HBaqe.



49



Bl1,lUI: 1)ypHli 1970,442-462; 1)ypHli 1975, 18-19.



 UPKBA CBETOf CTE


171



EHBJIHOfPAcDHJA:



Andelic 1973 - P. Andelic, Bobovac i Kraljeva



Sutjeska, Sarajevo 1973. Bikie 2002 - V. Bikic, The appearance of vessels of majolica in Serbian towns in the Danube Basin (l5 th and 16th centuries), «Faenca» Bolletino del Museo Internazionale delle Ceramiche in Faenza LXXXVIII, 2002, 35-46. :QBeTK'OBHIi. H ,a:pym 2005 - M. IIoIIoBHn, C. fa6eJIHn, E. QBeTKOBHn, E. IIoIIoBHn, IJ,pK8a Ceetaot HUKO.fle y Ctuanuuetey, Beorpan 2005. 'BHpJroBuIi. 1964 - C. 'fuIpKOBHh, Ctuapau Bymuh Kocaua, Beorpan 1964. nopoBoli.-.Jby6I111K'OBuli.1961-M. Boponnh-Jby6HHKoBHn, Onpas KYJITa CB. Crerpana y CpIICKOj cpenaosexoaaoj yMeTHOCTH, Ctuapunap XII, Beorpan 1961,45-56. JJ:HHHIi. 1978 - M. ));HHHh, 3eMJbe xepnera CB. Cane, y: Cpucxe seune Y cpequesc 8eKY, Beorpan 1978, 178-270. 1)ypuli. 1970 - B. J. Bypah, Ilpna Iopa y ;uo6a 06JIaCHHX rocrronapa, y: Hctuopuja IJ,plte Tope 212, TlITOrpa)l1970,440-475 1)ypuli.1975 - B. J. Bypah, MHJIemeBa HilPHHCKH THII upxne, Pauoca Bauuuuua I, Kparseso 1975, 15-26. Fiskovie 1947 - C. Fiskovic, Nasi graditelji i kipari XV-XVI stoleca u Dubrovniku, Zagreb 1947. KOBalfeBHIi. 1967 - M. KOBaqeBHn, UpKBa IIO;U CpeJJ:lbOBeKOBHHM rpanoa COKOJIOM, Ctuapuuap XVIII, Beorpan 1967,221-224. M83aJIHli. 1940 - 1). Ma3aJIHn, Xepnerona upsna KO)l Iopascna H OKOJIHe crapnne, Tnacuux 3e.M.a.IbCKOl scyseja Y Capajeey UI, 1940, 27-43. MHjOBHIi., KOBalfeBHIi. 1975 - II. MHjoBHn, M. KOBaqeBHh, Tpag08U u Yill8pljelba y Ilpuoj Iopu, Beorpa;U-YJlI\HIb 1975. Popovic 1978 - M. Popovic, La residence de Despot Djuradj Brankovic dans le Chatelet de la Forteresse de Smederevo, Balcanoslavica 7, Prilep 1978, 101-112. IIonoBuIi. 1997 - M. IIOIIOBHh, BJIa;uapCKH HBJIaCTeoCKH ;uBOP Y EOCHH H Xepnerosaaa, 360pltUK sa uctaopujy E u X, 2, CAHY-Eeorpa)l1997, 1-33.



CTAPlffiAP LVI1/2007.



Popovic 1999 - M. Popovic, Tvrdava Ras, Beo-



grad 1999. IIonoBuIi. 2000 - M. IIoIIoBHn, BJIa;:lapCKO 6opaBHmTe Crerpana Hesraae y Pacy, y: CillerjJalt Heuaua - Ceetau CU.M.eOIt, uctaopuja u upeqaue, Beorpan 2000, 233-245. IIonoBuIi., 2002 - M. IIOIIOBHn, JIHrrOBau - 'rparoBH CpeJJ:lbOBeKOBHor BJIaCTeOCKOr 60paBHmTa, caoatamena XXXN, Perry6JIH'IKH 3aBO;U aa 3amTHTY CIIOMeHHKa KYJITYPe, Eeorpa)l2002, 157-177. Honoaah 2002a - M. IIOIIOBHh, Cpe;UIbOBeKoBHH ));o6pYH, Ctuapuuap UI, 2002, 93-116. Honoanh 2006 - M. IIoIIoBHn, 3aMaK y CpIICKHM 3eMJbaMa II03HOr cpemser sexa, 360pltUK paqoeaBusautuonotuxot ultcilluillyilla 43, Beorpan 2006, 189-207 (ca crapajosr JIHTepaTYpoM). Popovic 2006 a - M. Popovic, Les Funerailles de ktitor, aspect archeologique, Proceedings of the 2pt Congres ofByzantine Studies, Plenary Papers, London 2006, 99-130. IIonoBuIi. 2008 - M. IIoIIoBHn, 3a)ly)K{)HHa H rp06HH xpast xepuera Crerpana na 3arpal)y IIO;U COKO rpanosr, Caouuauena XL, Perry6JIH'IKH 3aBO;U sa 3aIIITHTY CIIOMeHHKa KYJl'I)'pe, Beorpan 2008, 89-111. Ilonoaah, JJ:. 1992 - ));. IIoIIoBHn, CpUCKU enaqapcxu lpo6 y cpeqneu. 8eKY, Beorpan 1992. POBHHCKII 1994 - II. A. POBHHCKH, Ilpua Topa y upouaoctuu U caqauoeoctuu, TOM IV, rrpeson Il. qyrrHh, UeTHIbe 1994,424 (npno H3)la1be C. IIerep6ypr 1909). CrojauoBuli.I929 - Jb. Crojanonnh, Cuiape cpucxe uoeene u UUCM.a, Beorpan-Cpeacxa KapJIOBUH 1929. Ta,a:u1i.1952 - J. Tanah, Tpaha 0 cnuxapcxoj tuxo.flU Y ll.y6po8ltUKY XIII-XVI eexa, Beorpan 1952. ToMHli. 1949 - C. TOMHn, IIHBa HIIHBJbaHH, CpuCKU etunotpaspcxu 360pltUK UX, Hacersa H IIOpeKJIO CTaHOBHHmTBa 31, Beorpan 1949. Zivanovic 1988 - D. Zivanovic, Vrata i monumentalni portali dubrovackih kuca i palata, Anali Zzvoda za povjesne znanosti JAZU XXVI, Dubrovnik 1988, 135-172. Zivanovic 1989 - D. Zivanovic, Prozori i polifore dubrovackih kuca i palata, Anali Zavoda za povjesne znanosti JAZU XXVII, Dubrovnik 1989, 41-85.



 172



Summary:



MAPKO IlOIlOBlffi, CBETJIAHA BYKA,IJ;I1HOBJili



MARKO POPOVIC, Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade SVETLANA VUKADINOVIC, The Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Serbia, Belgrade



THE CHURCH OF ST. STEPHAN ON SCEPAN POLJE NEAR SOKO-GRAD



The Church of St. Stephan, in this paper, belonged to a medieval residential complex above the confluence of the River Piva and the River Tara, in the extreme northeast of the present-day Republic of Montenegro. The central part of the complex consisted of Soko-grad, a castle with the court of the prominent, aristocratic, Kosaca family, which, at the end of the 14th century, right until the Turkish conquests in the sixties and seventies of the 15th century, ruled the regions later known as Hercegovina. At the foot of the castle, on Scepan polje, is the suburb with the Church of St. Stephan, the endowment of the grand duke, Sandalj Hranic (+ 1345). At the foot of the northern slope, beneath the castle, in the area of Zagrada, is another church erected by the grand duke's successor, Herzeg Stefan Vukcic Kosaca (+1465). After the Turkish conquest, the complex of the Soko castle with its suburb was destroyed and the churches became deserted and were never renewed. The ruins of St. Stephan were discovered, investigated and then conserved from 1971-973, however, the results of this research have not been published until now. In reviewing the results obtained in the course of the archaeological excavations, it is possible, in a considerable measure, to comprehend the position and former appearance of the Church of St. Stephan and establish, roughly, the time when it came into being. This was the largest church erected in the regions governed by the powerful, Kosaca noble family, during the 15th century. The total length of the church exceeded 25 metres and its width was approximately ten metres. In the preserved body of the construction, of which the remaining walls rise to a height of four metres, one may see three basic stages of building. A narthex was later erected beside the church, and subsequently a small parakklesion was added, on the northern side. The original church had a single nave, a cruciform base and a gently, horseshoe-shaped apsis, facing east, flanked by rectangular choirs. The interior of the church, with two pairs of small pilasters, was articulated in three bays of almost equal dimensions. The altar, encompassing the apsis and the eastern bay, was separated from the naos by a constructed altar partition-wall, the essential appearance of which can be assumed on the basis of whatever was found. The entire surface of the constructed iconostasis was covered with frescoes. The floor of the naos was a step lower than the floor of the altar. Flooring made of mortar, like in the altar area, also existed in the choirs. As opposed to these spaces, in the central and western bays, the floor was made of large, hewn stone slabs. The finds discovered in the debris, offered an abundance of data about the upper, now collapsed, structures of the church, and about the stonemasonry that decorated this building. The church did not have a dome but all three bays were topped by a



single vault of carved calcareous stone, reinforced by two arches, resting on the pilasters. We may assume that the roof structure was of the Gothic type, and ribbed at the base. Above the choirs were lower, semi-spherical vaults, perpendicular in relation to the longitudinal axis of the church. They were covered by gabled roofs that ended in triangular frontons on the northern and southern faaade, like the main vault on the eastern side above the altar apsis. The roof of the church was made of lead. A belfry, of unique construction, existed on the western side of the original church. It stood about one meter in front of the western wall and was linked by a vaulted passage to the main body of the building. All these parts were structurally interconnected, indicating that they were built at the same time. The position and appearance of the original church windows can almost certainly be determined according to the preserved traces on the remaining sections of the walls, and the finds of the relevant stonemasonry. In the interior of the naos, along the southern wall of the western bay was the grave of the donor of the church of St. Stephan, Grand Duke Sandalj Hranic, This was the traditional position where the donor was buried, according to the custom or rather, the rule that had been practised for centuries in the countries of the Byzantine Orthodox Christian world, and particularly in the Serbian lands. The duke's grave, marked by a stele in the form of a massive, low coffin on a pedestal, was prepared while the church was being built, given that it would have been impossible to install this large monolith that weighed approximately 2.5 tons in the church, later. Generally speaking, the donor's grave in the church of St. Stephan, is eloquent testimony of the donor's aspirations and beliefs. Besides the undoubtedly local feature of a funerary monument in the form of a stele, all its other characteristics emulate earlier models from the region of the Serbian lands. In front of the original church, at a later stage, which apparently followed soon after, a spacious narthex with a rectangular base was added on. Pylons of the belfry substructure were fitted into its eastern wall, which seems to have made that wall much thicker than the other walls of the narthex. This later erected narthex was not vaulted, which we concluded after analysing the preserved walls and the finds in the debris. Apparently, it had a flat ceiling construction, supported by massive beams that rested on consoles along the length of the northern and southern walls. The side entrances when the narthex was built were of the same dimensions as its western portal. However, later, before installing the stone doorposts, both these entrances were narrowed down on their western, lateral sides, while the southern portal, in a later phase, was completely walled up. In the course of exploration, no reliable datawas discovered regarding the position of the windows in the narthex. One can



 :U:PKBA CBETOf CTEcI>AHA HA IIffiEIIAH IIOJbY IIO,D; COKO-fPA,D;OM



only assume that monophoric windows existed on the lateral walls, one or two on each side, similar to the monophores in the western bay. Apart from the narthex, another, later construction was observed next to the original church. On its northern side, along the western bay and the lateral side of the choir, a parakklesion, that is, a small funerary chapel was added on, in the middle of which a large stele once stood, of which now only fragments exist. The entire interior of the church of St. Stephan was decorated with frescoes. Rather small fragments of the wall painting were discovered in the debris, not only of the original church but also of the narthex, as well as of the northern funerary chapel. It was observed that they were all of the same quality, painted on mortar of a uniform texture, which suggests that all the painting was done as soon as the additional buildings were finished. On the discovered fragments, one can recognise the dark blue background of the former compositions, and the borders painted in cynober. On several fragments, there were preserved sections of or whole letters from Serbian Cyrillic texts. On several fragments that may have originated from the aureoles or parts of robes, traces of gold leaf were visible, which would indicate the splendour and representativeness of the frescoes that decorated the endowment of the grand duke, Sandalj Hranic, With the shape of the foundation of a single-nave church, divided into three bays, and with rectangular choir spaces, the church of St. Stephan continued the tradition of the early Rascia school of Serbian architecture (13 th - beginning of 14 th century), which represented a significant novelty at the time when it appeared. In Serbia, in the last decades of the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century, the predominant plan of the churches, the triconche, was based on the Holy Mount models. The decision by the donor, the grand duke Sandalj, to give his endowment the features of the earlier, Rascia heritage, in the times when the Serbian territories had been broken up and were exposed to pressure from external enemies, undoubtedly had a deeper significance, By relying on the earlier tradition, which is also reflected in the dedication of the church to St. Stephan, the patron saint of the state and of the Nemanjic dynasty, the donor expressed the aspiration to consolidate his authority more firmly in the regions that had previously formed part of the Serbian state. By erecting an endowment, and a funerary church that he wished to be his eternal resting-place, Sandalj was also demonstrating that he ranked among his predecessors, the Serbian rulers and nobility. One can see this from the choice of the traditional burial position, along the southern wall of the western bay, as well as from the tomb he had prepared for himself during his lifetime. Apart from the basic idea and plan of the church based on the Rascia tradition, the features of its architecture also exhibit other influences. Of crucial importance here, was the choice of builders, who undoubtedly came from the coastal area, which is reflected both in the structural solutions, as well as in the decorative stonework. However, local master-craftsman undoubtedly took part in this achievement. One can see this particularly when observing the stonework, which, besides some admittedly rather rare, better-carved pieces, consists of a great deal of carving by less experienced artisans. The assumptions about the origin of the architecture and the builders are substantiated by observing the preserved traces of the frescoes, which show that the decoration of St. Stephan's



CTAPHHAP LVIII2007.



173



and the adjacent narthex was also entrusted to one of the coastal painters. Perhaps it was the well-known Dubrovnik painter, Dzivan Ugrinovic, who is known to have been commissioned by the grand duke Sandalj in 1429. There is no direct or reliable record of the date when the endowment of the grand duke Sandalj Hranic or its later annexes were built. The stylistic analysis of the stonework makes it possible only roughly to attribute it to the first half of the 15th century. The year 1435 provides a slightly narrower span of time, which is the time of Sandalj's funeral, when it would appear that the church of St. Stephan was already finished, The data mentioned earlier regarding the engagement of builders from Dubrovnik and the possible later decoration, enables us to date it more exactly. Therefore, we may assume that the church itself was erected before the end of the second decade of the 15th century. The additional construction of the narthex may have followed soon after the completion of the church itself, as indicated by the stylistically uniform stonework. If we accept the possibility that the church was decorated at the end of the third decade of the 15 th century, and that this was finished both in the church and the narthex at the same time, the year 1429 would be the terminus ante quem for the completion of the additional construction. The Kosaca endowment, erected beside the Soko castle, offers new evidence about this prominent, noble or ruling family, and particularly about their religious affiliation. Historians, almost as a rule, consider the Kosaca family to have been Bogumils, or people whose religious convictions were not particularly firm. Such views were based on the fact that Sandalj Hranic, the grand duke of Rusaga Bosanskog (of the Bosnian kingdom) and his successor, the duke and subsequently the herzeg, Stefan Vukcic, were tolerant towards the Bogumils and were often surrounded by people who upheld such religious beliefs, which was the political reality of the times in which they lived and functioned. On the other hand, the enemies of the Kosaca family made use of this to depict them to the Western and Eastern Christians as heretics, which was not without consequences. The distorted view of their religious conviction not only accompanied them during their lifetime but persists even today, not only in historiography but in present-day politics, as well, particularly after the recent wars in ex-Yugoslavia. The origin of the Kosaea family is connected with the region of the Upper Drina, that is to say, the region that had always been a part of the Nemanjic state, where there were no Bogumils, nor could there be. As owners of part of what had always been the Serbian lands, which went to Bosnia after the tragic division between Ban Tvrtko and Prince Lazar, the consequences of which are still felt today, the Kosaca very soon became independent rulers of this territory, forming a specific territory that later came to be known as Herzegovina. Another element that also bears weight in this respect is the fact that, in contrast to central Bosnia where the Bogumil heresy was influential, the population in the Kosaea lands was Orthodox Christian, with a certain number of Catholics in the western parts. The fact that the regions they ruled were nominally within the Bosnian kingdom, where the ruling class were predominantly Bogumils for a long time, did not have any fundamental bearing on their religious affiliation. Significant records have been preserved of their unconcealed Orthodox Christian orientation. Without going into the details of this complex circle of problems, which requires a



 174



MAPKO IIOIIOBH'Ii, CBETJIAHA BYKA,JJ;MHOBH'Ii



separate study, especially after the more recent discoveries and facts that have come to light, we shall dwell only on some facts. During the rule of Grand Duke Sandal j and his successor, Herzeg Stefan, which lasted almost seventy years, a whole series of Orthodox Christian churches were erected. During the first half of the 15th century, a kind of renaissance of the Rascia school of architecture carne about in this area. In the words ofY. J. Durie, the endowments of the Kosaca family »are different from the average buildings of their time by virtue of their size, sometimes the unusual solutions, and the great beauty of form and proportions«, The wealth of the family and the continual relations with artists from the southern Adriatic coastal cities imbued



their architecture with buoyancy and significance. The western stylistic features of the churches of the Kosaca, and the Gothic language of the stonemasons, reveal the centres where these master craftsmen had learned their trade. With the erection of the endowment in the »ruling seat« beneath Mt. Soko and the churches intended as their final resting-places, the Kosaea distinguished themselves as the last continuers of the Nemanjic tradition of earlier centuries, in the time that preceded the final Turkish conquest of the Serbian lands. The memory oftheir work is preserved in the church of St. Stephan and the nearby church at Zagrada, as well as in the ruins of the Soko castle, which still lies waiting to be researched.