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Eh Agf* 4* kp`}th pj t`}pk`j o` eh k`ioieifëh ~hth eh t`heg|hmgýj oè BH\I^* H à`mi} o` eh h~egmhmgýj oè kçioi pjh eëj`h o` ~tim`}i `} pj thki o` pd`tëh xp` `jeh|h oi} `xpg~i} ~tgjmg~he`} o` eh ~ehjh* @e kçioi BH\I^ mij}go`th `j aitkh }g}`kègmh ioi} ei} `xpg~i} ~timògkg`ji} w ei} `q`ji} f`j`thoi} ~it o`}qghmgij`} h eh gj`jmgýj oè og}`øi* Mphjoi eh j`m`}goho o` ikht pjh hmmgýj `} `qgo`j` w eh k`lit }iepmgýj `} kè} i k`ji} idqgh "~it `l`k~ei< j`m`}goho o` gj}heht ~ti`mmg ýj o` këjgki aepli `j eh o`}mhtfh o` pjh dikdh' ogmbh hmmgýj o`d` }`t ikhoh gjkòghhk`j` ~it è ftp~i o` thdhli w o`d` t`fg}tht}` hj`} o` ~h}ht h iti ~pji* ]g eh} mij}`mp`jmgh} }ij mik~e`lh} i eh o`mg}gýj }idt` eh hmmgýj h ikht ji t`}peh idqgh }` t`mik`johtèj `}pogi} hogmgijhe`} xp` ik`j `j mp`jh eh fthqòho i mtggmgoho oè `q`ji h}ë miki }p ~tidhdgegoho o` imptt`jmgh*


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@qhephmgý j _ ç mjgmh o` ]`fptgoho Gjop}tghe Eh} `qhephmgij`} çmjgmh} o` }`fptgoho gjop}tghe }ij pjh b`tthkg`jh xp` ~`tkg` q`tgagmht }g eh gj}hehmg ýj w }p} ~timògkg`ji} o` i~`thmgýj w khj`jgkg`ji mpk~e`j mij ei} `}èjoht`} w ~tèmgmh} o` }`fptgoho t`mijimgoi}* Eh çmjgmh mij}g}` `j bhm`t pjh t`qg}gýj mik~e`h o` pjh ~ehjh gjmepw`joi gj}~`mmgij`} o` eh} gj}hehmgij`} w `jt`qg}h} mij è ~`t}ijhe mehq` gjqiepmthoi `j eh i~`thmgýj w khj`jgkg`ji o` eh kg}kh mij è agj o` go`jgagmht ei} ~ègfti} kè} }gfjgagmhgqi}* @}` kçioi `} à`mgqi `j eh} `h~h} o` mij}tpmmgýj ~t`htthjxp` w i~`thmgýj o` pjh ~ehjh* @j `}h üegkh }` ee`qh h mhdi ~`tgýogmhk`j` `}~`mghek`j` `j hxpèeh} ~ehjh} mij}go`thoh} o` hei tg`}fi* Ei} t`}pehoi} }ij mpheghgqi} ` gjmepw`j<

” Go`jgagmhmgýj o` ~ègfti} ~tiq`jg`j`} oè og}`øi o` eh ~ehjh mijogmgýj o` eh kg}kh w kiogagmhmgij`} t`heg|hoh} opthj` }p qgoh*

” O`}qghmgij`} o` ei} ~timògkg`ji} i~`thmgijhe`} w o` khj`jgkg`ji* ” Go`jgagmhmgýj o` }g}`kh} xp` ~it }p} mhthm`të}gmh} t`xpg`t`j }`t hjheg|hoi} kè} o`heehohk`j` p}hjoi iti kçioi o` hjèeg}g} o` tg`}fi* ” T`mik`johmgij`} tà`t`j`} h mhkdgi} `j og}`øi ~timògkg`ji} `m* ^hth xp` eh t`qg}gýj }`h mik~e`h è ftp~i o`d`tè `j`t hmm`}i h gjaitkhmgýj qghe he miki<

” ” ” ” ” ” ” ”

Oghfthkh} o` pd`tëh ` gj}tpk`jhmgýj* Oghfthkh} o` aepli* Khjphe o` i~`thmgýj o` eh ~ehjh* Gjaitk`} o` hmmgo`j`} ` gjmgo`j`}* T`fg}ti} o` khj`jgkg`ji* êhji} o` meh}gagmhmgýj o` èt`h}* Itfhjg|hmgýj* T`~it`} o` BH\I^*

@} t`mik`johde` pj kèrgki o` 0 gjf`jg`ti} ahkgeghtg|hoi} mij ei} ~timògkg`ji} `}èjoht`} o` }`fptgoho w mij eh i~`thmgýj o` eh gj}hehmgýj dhli `}pogi* ]` t`xpg`t` h~iwi o` `}~`mgheg}h} `j èt`h} he`} miki< gj}tpk`jhmgýj }g}`kh} èçmtgmi} `xpg~i tihgqi mitti}gýj w ith} èt`h} o` `}~`mghe mij}go`thmgýj*


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@]_GKHMGIJ O@ AT@MP@JMGH] Eh at`mp`jmgh o` aheeh o` pj mik~ij`j` ~htgmpeht "t`mg~g`j` pd`tëh `m' ~pò` }`t oòpmgoh h ~htgt o` gjaitkhmgýj bg}ýtgmh w }g `} ~i}gde` }i~ithoh `j lpgmgi} o` `r~`ti} xp` ik`j `j mp`jh oga`t`jmgh} `jt` mhthm`të}gmh} o` eh ~ehjh hjheg|hoh w eh} xp` ~pog`}`j bhd`t `}hoi `jqpèh} `j ei} t`fg}ti} bg}ýtgmi} o` aheeh}* Eh at`mp`jmgh o` aheeh ~pò` }`t }gj`g|hoh ~it pj Hjèeg}g} o` Htdie o` Aheeh} i o` Htdie o` @q`ji}* @j è ~tgk`t mh}i }` }p~ij` xp` pj `q`ji i~` tèhgqhk`j` thti }ptf` o` eh migjmgo`jmgh o` eh} aheeh} kh} ~i}gde`} w xp` bhw }pagmg`j` gjaitkhmgýj }idt` eh ~tidhdgegoho o` mhoh pjh o` èeh}* @e hj èeg}g} kp`}th miki qhj ~t`}`jèjoi}` eh} migjmgo`jmgh} w h}ë ~`tkg` gt `}gkhjoi eh} at`mp`jmgh} o` eh} kg}kh}* Mphexpg`th }`h è `jaixp` p}hoi `} j`m`}htgi h~egmht pj dp`j lpgmgi o` gjf`jg`tëh ~hth o``tkgjht mphe gjaitkhmgýj `} eh kh} tè`qhj` ~hth eh ~ehjh `j mp`}gýj* F`j`thek`j` }` p}h gjaitkhmgýj f`jçtgmh o` aheeh} id`jgoh} o` qhtgh} ap`j`} w }p~ijg`joi xp` pjh ~ehjh `} i~`thoh o` hmp`toi h `}èjoht`} th|ijhde`} eh kg}kh ji `jotëh ~itxp` aheeht mij khwit i k`jit at`mp`jmgh xp` hxpèeh} `j oijo` }` itgfgjý eh gjaitkhmgýj o` aheeh}* @e Hj`ri H ~t`}`jh pjh t`mi~gehmgýj o` ohi} `}hoë}gmi} o` aheeh} o` `xpg~i} w ~tidhdgegoho`} o` gfjgmgýj h }`t p}hoh} ~it eh G^^J `j ei} Hjèeg}g} Mphjghgqi} o` Tg`}fi}* @e idl`gqi ~tgkitoghe `} khj`lht pjh dh}` miküj o` gjaitkhmgýj dh}hoh `j ohi} ~tiq`jg`j`} o` oga`t`j`} ap`j`} o` eh Gjop}tgh ^`tie`th w ^`tixpëkgmh kpjoghe* @}i ~`tkg` id`j`t t`}pehoi} }gkgeht`} `j ioh eh gjop}tgh w khj`j`t mij}g}`jmgh `j eh ikh o` o`mg}gij`} w h~egmhmgýj o` gjq`t}gij`} ~hth mijtie o` tg`}fi} `j eh} oga`t`j`} èt`h} o` i~`thmgýj*

6*8

Hjè eg}g} o` Htdie o` Aheeh} "A_H' @} pj kçioi ~hth go`jgagmht mikdgjhmgij`} o` aheeh} o` `xpg~i} w `ttit`} bpkhji} xp` ~pò`j t`}peht `j pj hmmgo`j` }g`joi ~it hji pjh çmjgmh oòpmgqh xp` h ~htgt o` pj `q`ji ~htgmpeht ~tiq`` eh k`ioieif ëh ~hth o``tkgjht }p} mhp}h}* @e Htdie o` Aheeh} `j }ë ahmgegh pjh qg}gýj ftèagmh o` eh} oga`t`j`} mikdgjhmgij`} o` aheeh} o` `xpg~i} w `ttit`} bpkhji} xp` ~pò`j mijopmgt h pj hmmgo`j`* @e Htdie o` Aheeh} ~pò` }`t p}hoi `j eh `h~h oè og}`øi ~hth o`}mpdtgt kioi} o` aheeh impei} xp` t`}pehj o` mikdgjhmgij`} o` aheeh} o` `xpg~i} gfphek`j` }` ~pò` p}ht ~hth `}poght }g}`kh} mtëgmi} h agj o` o``tkgjht mikdgjhmgij`} o` aheeh} ~i`jmghe`} xp` ~pòhj oht epfht h hmmgo`j`} `}~`mëagmi}* Ei} t`}pehoi} }ij mpheghgqi} ~`ti pj ètdie o` aheeh} ~pò` }`t p}hoi ~hth id`j`t t`}pehoi} mphjghgqi} }g`k~t` w mphjoi }` og}~ijfh o` gjaitkhmgýj `}hoë}gmh ho`mphoh*


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^hth ee`qht h mhdi `}` kçioi }` t`xpg`t` pj mijimgkg`ji hk~egi oè apjmgijhkg`ji oè }g}`kh dhli `}pogi h}ë miki o` ei} oga`t`j`} kioi} o` aheeh w }p} à`mi} `j eh ~ehjh* @}` `} pj kçioi xp` t`xpg`t` ~`t}ijhe hehk`j` mhegagmhoi w `} t`mik`johde` h}gfjht pj hjheg}h ~it }g}`kh* ^hth è mh}i o` t`xp`tgt}` qhtgi} ètdie`} o` aheeh `} ~tà`tgde` h}gfjht pj ftp~i o` hjheg}h}* @e g`k~i t`xp`tgoi `} o`~`jog`j` o` eh mik~e`lgoho o` ei} }g}`kh} dhli `}pogi* Pjh ~`xp`øh pjgoho o` ~tim`}i ~pò` t`xp`tgt pj oëh i k`ji} mijhjoi mij pj ftp~i `r~`tgk`jhoi* ]g}`kh} kè} mik~e`li} ~pò`j ikht qhtgh} }`khjh}*

6*4

Hjè eg}g} o` Htdie o` @q`ji} "@_H' Pj Htdie o` @q`ji} `} pj kioèi dgjhtgi ftèagmi w eýfgmi xp` go`jgagmh ei} ~i}gde`} `}m`jhtgi} xp` }gfp`j h pj `q`ji gjgmghoit* @e Htdie o` @q`ji} ~ti~itmgijh mid`tpth }g}`kègmh o` eh }`mp`jmgh o` ~ti~hfhmgýj oè hmmgo`j` dg`j h thqç} o` pjh }`tg` o` hmmgij`} o` }g}`kh} o` ~ti`mmgýj apjmgij`} jitkhe`} o` eh ~ehjh i gj`tq`jmgij`} oè i~`thoit* Eh ~tgjmg~he o`}q`jhlh o` `}` `jaixp` `}è o``tkgjhoh ~it è b`mbi o` xp` ei} kg}ki} `}m`jhtgi} ~pog`thj }ptfgt o` iti} `q`ji} gjgmghoit`} ei} mphe`} ~pog`thj ji `}ht gjmepgoi} `j è ètdie }g è hjèeg}g} ji ap` `rbhp}gqi* @e ètdie o` `q`ji} ~pò` }`t p}hoi `j eh ah}` o` og}`øi ~hth `qhepht hmmgo`j`} ~i`jmghe`} xp` t`}pe`j o` `q`ji} gjgmghoit`}* H}ë kg}ki `}` kçioi ~iotè }`t pgeg|hoi `j eh ah}` o` i~`thmgýj o` pjh gj}hehmgýj h agj o` `qhepht eh mik~hgdgegoho o` ei} }g}`kh} o` }`fptgoho `rg}`j`} i ~hth `rhkgjht eh} mij}`mp`jmgh} ~i`jmghe`} o` aheeh} o` `xpg~i}* Ei} t`}pehoi} id`jgoi} ~pò`j }`t mpheghgqi} i mphjghgqi} }g`k~t` w mphjoi }` mp`j` mij pjh dh}` o` ohi} ho`mphoh*

2

@]_GKHMGIJ O@ MIJ]@MP@JMGH] Eh `}gkhmgýj o` mij}`mp`jmgh} `} è çtkgji h~egmhoi he p}i o` pjh }`tg` o` kioèi} kh`kègmi} ~hth `}gkht è èt`h ha`mhoh "mij}`mp`jmgh}' ~it ei} ~ègfti} itgfgjhoi} `j oga`t`j`} `}m`jhtgi} o` hmmgo`j`}* _ë~gmhk`j` ei} `}m`jhtgi} gjmepgoi} `j pj hjèeg}g} o` mij}`mp`jmgh} o` pjh gj}hehmgýj xp` ~tim`}` bgotimhtdpti} }ij< ” Apfh} o` aepgoi} ýrgmi} w)i gjaehkhde`} o` `xpg~i} o` ~tim`}i pd`tëh} w hjxp`} o` hekhm`jhkg`ji* ” Gjm`jogi} xp` `jqpèq`j apfh} o` ~tiopmi} gjaehkhde`}* ” @r~ei}gij`} o` jpd`} o` qh~it ” Imptt`jmgh o` dieh o` ap`fi "DE@Q@' `j t`mg~g`j`} o` ~tim`}i ~t`}ptg|hoi} mij`jg`joi fh}`} egmphoi} gjaehkhde`}* Eh} mij}`mp`jmgh} itgfgjhoh} ~it ei} ~ègfti} o` ei} `}m`jhtgi} o` hmmgo`j`} hj`tgitk`j` eg}hoi} gjmepw`j<


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” @r~i}gmgýj o` ~`t}ijh} h qh~it`} ýrgmi} ” @r~i}gmgýj o` ~`t}ijh} `xpg~i} w ~ti~gòho`} h thoghmgýj çtkgmh* ” @r~i}gmgýj o` ~`t}ijh} `xpg~i} w ~ti~gòho`} h ijoh} o` }idt`~t`}gýj i ~tiw`mmgýj o` athfk`ji} o` kh`tghe ~tiopmi o` eh tipth o` t`mg~g`j`}* Ohoi xp` eh `}gkhmgýj o` mij}`mp`jmgh} gk~egmh pj hei jgqè o` mik~e`lgoho w t`xpg`t` pjh ~tògmmgýj ei kh} `rhmh ~i}gde` oè èt`h ha`mhoh ~it mhoh ~ègfti `} gk~ithj` p}ht kioèi} h~ti~ghoi} ~hth mhoh `}m`jhtgi `}~`mëagmi w he kg}ki g`k~i hxpèei} xp` bhwhj o`ki}thoi ~tiq``t ~tògmmgij`} th|ijhde`k`j` ~t`mg}h} mik~hthoh} mij ei} t`}pehoi} id`jgoi} `j ~tp`dh} o` mhk~i h fthj `}mheh i hmmgo`j`} ~t`qgi}* ît mphji eh `l`mpmgýj o` pj Hjèeg}g} Mphjghgqi o` Tg`}fi} gk~egmh eh t`heg|hmgýj o` fthj mhjgoho o` i~`thmgij`} kh`kègmh} ~hth eh `}gkhmgýj o` mij}`mp`jmgh} `} t`mik`johde` è p}i o` ~hxp``} mik~phtg|hoi} xp` mij`jfhj kioèi} qhegohoi} ~hth `}` agj* @j è Hj`ri D }` o`}mtgd`j hefpji} kioèi} kh`kègmi} pgeg|hoi} ~hth eh `}gkhmgýj o` mij}`mp`jmgh}*

2*8

} Mtg`tgi} o` Oh øi Ei} kioèi} o` `}gkhmgýj o` mij}`mp`jmgh} }` dh}hj `j è ~tgjmg~gi f`j`the o` xp` eh }`q`tgoho o` pjh mij}`mp`jmgh `} apjmgýj o` eh og}hjmgh h eh ap`j` o` o`}mhtfh* Eh mij}`mp`jmgh `} hkdgçj o`~`jog`j` oè idl`i oè `}pogi wh xp` }g è ~ti~ý}gi `} ~it `l`k~ei `qhepht à`mi} }idt` è }`t bpkhji eh} mij}`mp`jmgh} ~pò`j }`t `r~t`}hoh} miki ahhegoho`} i e`}gij`} kg`jth} xp` }g è idl`i `} `qhepht ohøi h eh} ~ti~gòho`} he`} miki `}tpmpth} w ògagmgi} eh} mij}`mp`jmgh} ~pò`j }`t ~çtogoh} `mijýkgmh}* Eh khwitëh o` ei} `}pogi} mphjghgqi} o` tg`}fi} mij}go`thj }gkpeèj`hk`j` ogq`t}i} g~i o` t`}pehj`} o` gjmgo`j`} "~it `l`k~ei ohøi} h eh ~ti~gòho w `r~i}gmgij`} h }p}hjmgh} gjaehkhde`} w)i ýrgmh}'* ^hth `}gkht tg`}fi} }` o`d` p}ht pjh pjgoho miküj o` kògoh o` mij}`mp`jmgh} ~hth mhoh g~i o` à`mi} "kp`t` e`}gýj i ~çtogoh kij`htgh'* Eh ogagmpeho `j mik~htht oga`t`j`} g~i} o` à`mi} bh mijopmgoi he p}i o` eh} ahhegoho`} "kp`t`}' miki è mtg`tgi o` mik~hthmgýj ~tòikgjhj`* ^hth id`j`t t`}pehoi} }gfjgagmhgqi} he p}ht eh çmjgmh oè Hjèeg}g} Mphjghgqi o` Tg`}fi} `} j`m`}htgi `}hde`m`t mtg`tgi} o` ohøi} tèhmgijhoi} mij è jgqè o` ~ègfti o` gj`tç} ~hth è ~ti~ý}gi oè `}pogi* Ei} mtg`tgi} o` ohøi} `}èj tà`tgoi} h ei} à`mi} o` ~tiopmi} ýrgmi} gjm`jogi} w `r~ei}gij`} f`j`thoi} ~it ei} `}m`jhtgi} o` hmmgo`j`} xp` ~iotëhj o`}httieeht}` `j mhoh pjh o` eh} pjgoho`} o` ~tim`}i dhli `}pogi* ^hth `qhepht ei} à`mi} }idt` ~`t}ijh} `xpg~i} w hkdg`j` miki mij}`mp`jmgh o` imptt`jmgh o` hmmgo`j`} }` t`xpg`t` eh hoi~mgýj o` mtg`tgi} o` ohøi} ei}


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mphe`} t`~t`}`jhj pj mg`ti jgqè mijimgoi o` mij}`mp`jmgh} ~hth pjh o``tkgjhoh `r~i}gmgýj w opthmgýj* Pj kçioi ~hth `qhepht eh mij}`mp`jmgh o` pjh t`}pehj` o` pj hmmgo`j` `} è kioèi o` à`mi ogt`mi è mphe ~tògm` à`mi} }idt` ~`t}ijh} i `}tpmpth} dh}hoi} `j mtg`tgi} ~tò``tkgjhoi} "~it `l`k~ei }g pj gjogqgopi `} `r~p`}i h pjh mg`th mijm`jthmgýj o` fh} ýrgmi `jijm`} }` }p~ij` eh kp`t` oè kg}ki'* @j t`hegoho eh} mij}`mp`jmgh} ~pò`j ji `j`t eh aitkh o` apjmgij`} og}mt`h} }gji mijaitkht apjmgij`} o` og}tgdpmgýj o` ~tidhdgegoho* Pj kçioi `}hoë}gmi o` `qhepht pjh mij}`mp`jmgh `} è Kçioi ^tidg è mphe }` o`}mtgd` `j eh ]`mmgýj 7*=* Ei} mtg`tgi} o` ohøi} hoi~hoi} ~hth eh Gjop}tgh ^`tie`th w ^`tixpëkgmh }` `r~t`}hj `j eh} }gfpg`j`} }`mmgij`}* @} gk~ithj` t`}heht xp` ei} mtg`tgi} o` ohøi} `r~p`}i} kè} hoèhj` o`d`j }`t pgeg|hoi} }iehk`j` miki fpëh ~hth eh `}gkhmgýj o` mij}`mp`jmgh} w ji ~hth ikht o`mg}gij`} hm`tmh o` eh ie`thjmgh o` pj tg`}fi ~hth ei mphe o`d`j }`t pgeg|hoi} ei} mtg`tgi} o` ie`thjmgh `}~`mgagmhoi} `j eh ]`mmgýj 8>* 2*8*8

@a`mi} _ýrgmi}

@jt` eh} ogq`t}h} th|ij`} xp` ogagmpehj `qhepht `j aitkh ~t`mg}h ei} à`mi} mhp}hoi} ~it `r~i}gmgij`} hfpoh} h }p}hjmgh} ~ègfti}h} }` k`jmgijhj<

” Ei} }`t`} bpkhji} `r~`tgk`jhj pj hk~egi thjfi o` à`mi} hoq`t}i} h eh }hepo mpwh }`q`tgoho qhtëh mij eh gj`j}goho w opthmgýj o` eh `r~i}gmgýj* ” @rg}` pj hk~egi fthoi o` qhtghmgýj o` eh t`}~p`}h `jt` gjogqgopi} o` pjh ~idehmgýj ë~gmh< hopei} jgøi} hjmghji} `ja`tki} `m* ” Ji bhw }pagmg`j` gjaitkhmgýj }idt` t`}~p`}h} o` }`t`} bpkhji} h `r~i}gmgýj ýrgmh ~hth ~`tkggt pjh `qhephmgýj hm`thoh i ~t`mg}h oè ~ègfti ~i`jmghe o` mhoh }p}hjmgh* ” Hefpjh} o`}mhtfh} `jqpèq`j mik~ij`j`} küeg~e`} bhmg`joi kè} mik~e`lh eh id`jmgýj o` }p mik~ithkg`ji w à`mi} }idt` }`t`} bpkhji}* @e mtg`tgi o` oh øi} ~hth `r~i}gmgýj o` ~`t}ijh} h ~tiopmi} ýrgmi} hoi~hoi ~it eh Gjop}tgh ^`tie`th w ^`tixpëkgmh Jhmgijhe ~hth à`mi} o` ~ehj`hkg`ji o` `k`tf`jmgh w mijgjf`jmgh `} è `}hde`mgoi ~it eh} fpëh} o` ~ehj`hkg`ji o` t`}~p`}h} h `k`tf`jmgh} i @T^F "@k`tf`jmw T`}~ij}` êhjjgjf Fpgoègj`}' èhdithoi ~it eh H}imghmgýj Jit`hk`tgmhjh o` Bgfg`jg}h} Gjop}tghe`} "HGBH'* _t`} thjfi} o` mijm`jthmgýj bhj }goi oàgjgoi} ~hth mij}`mp`jmgh} o` `r~i}gmgýj h pjh }p}hjmgh `}~`mëagmh `j dh}` h eh} mijm`jthmgij`} kèrgkh} ~it o`dhli o` eh} mphe`} }` mt`` xp` mh}g ioi} ei} gjogqgopi} ~pog`thj `}ht `r~p`}i} bh}h pjh "8' bith }gj< @T^F 8< @r~`tgk`jht kè} xp` pj à`mi e`q` w thj}gitgi h eh }hepo i ~`tmgdgt pj ieit o`}hfthohde` mehthk`j` oàgjgoi*


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@T^F 4< @r~`tgk`jht i o`}httieeht à`mi} i }ëjikh} gtt`q`t}gde`} i }`tgi} h eh }hepo xp` e` gk~gohj he gjogqgopi ikht hmmgýj* @T^F =< @r~`tgk`jht i o`}httieeht à`mi} hk`jh|hoit`} h eh }hepo*

Ei} @T^F ~pdegmhoi} ~it HGBH "Tà`t`jmgh =' `}èj }g`joi ~t`~hthoi} ~it pj ftp~i o` thdhli o` eh gjop}tgh xpëkgmh w bhj }goi mijm`dgoi} miki mtg`tgi} ~hth `r~i}gmgýj hmmgo`jhe h ~tiopmi} ýrgmi} w ~it ei hji ogag`t`j o` ei} mtg`tgi} o` qheit eëkg` pkdthe w eëkg`} o` `r~i}gmgýj o` mith opthmgýj xp` o`d`j }`fpgt }g`joi pgeg|hoi} ~hth `r~i}gmgýj `j mijogmgij`} o` i~`thmgýj jitkhe o` eh} gj}hehmgij`} opthj` pjh litjhoh ehdithe jitkhe w `r~i}gmgij`} o` mith opthmgýj bh}h 80 ý 4> kgjpi}* 2*8*4

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MPHJ_GAGMHMGIJ O@E TG@]FI Eh} kògoh} kè} mikpj`} o` mphjgagmhmgýj oè tg`}fi }ij eh} eehkhoh} tg`}fi gjogqgophe w tg`}fi }imghe xp` mikdgjhj eh gjaitkhmgýj o` ~i}gdgegoho w khfjgpo o` eh} ~`togoh} i e`}gij`} ~tiq`jg`j`} o` pj ~ègfti* Eh kògoh oè tg`}fi gjogqgophe mij}go`th è tg`}fi o` pj }`t bpkhji xp` ~pòh `}ht `j mphexpg`t ~pji o` eh |ijh o` à`mi} oè hmmgo`j` w eh kògoh oè tg`}fi }imghe mij}go`th è tg`}fi h eh} ~idehmgij`} xp` `}èj `j he`} |ijh} o` à`mi}*

7*8

Tg`}fi Gjogqgophe ^pò` oàgjgt}` tg`}fi gjogqgophe miki è tg`}fi h pjh ~`t}ijh `j eh ~tirgkgoho o` pj ~ègfti mij}go`thjoi eh jhpthe`|h o` eh e`}gýj he gjogqgopi eh ~i}gdgegoho o` xp` eh kg}kh imptth w è ~`tëioi o` g`k~i `j xp` ~pò` impttgt* Hüj mphjoi eh} e`}gij`} }ij o` fthj ~tìmp~hmgýj bhw egkghoh gjaitkhmgýj og}~ijgde` }idt` è fthoi o` eh} e`}gij`} ~it hji ei} hj èeg}g} mphjghgqi} o` tg`}fi at`mp`j`k`j` `}gkhj è tg`}fi o` e`}gij`} gtt`q`t}gde`} i ahhegoho`} ~hth eh} mphe`} `rg}`j kè} `}hoë}gmh} t`fg}thoh}* @e tg`}fi gjogqgophe ~pò` }`t `}gkhoi ~hth ei} gjogqgopi} kè} `r~p`}i} ~hth ftp~i} o` gjogqgopi} `j epfht`} o``tkgjhoi} i ~hth pj gjogqgopi ~tikògi `j pjh |ijh o` à`mi}* @e tg`}fi gjogqgophe ~hth pj jgqè `}~`mgagmi o` oh øi }` mhempeh ikhjoi `j mij}go`thmgýj eh} }gfpg`j`} qhtghde`}<

7*4

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Eh at`mp`jmgh oè `q`ji*

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Eh ~tidhdgegoho o` xp` è à`mi oè `q`ji ee`fp` h eh pdgmhmgýj `}~`mëagmh* @}i gjmepw` eh} qhtghde`} megkègmh} w o` ogt`mmgýj oè qg`ji mij è mij}gfpg`j` mhkdgi o` og}~`t}gýj*

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Eh ~tidhdgegoho o` xp` pjh ~`t}ijh `}ç `j è epfht*

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Eh ~tidhdgegoho o` xp` pjh ~`t}ijh ee`fp` h pj tàpfgi i `}mh~` o` pjh hký}a`th ~ègfti}h*

Tg`}fi ]imghe @e tg`}fi }imghe `} pjh tèhmgýj `jt` eh at`mp`jmgh w è j ük`ti o` ~`t}ijh} o` pjh ~idehmgýj }ik`goi h pj jgqè `}~`mgagmi o` e`}gij`} w ohøi} o`dgoi h eh imptt`jmgh o` pj hmmgo`j`* @j mh}i o` hmmgo`j`} khwit`} mij ~i`jmghe ~hth ha`mht h ftp~i} o` ~`t}ijh} è tg`}fi }imghe mij}gpw` pjh kògoh oè tg`}fi h he ftp~i o` ~`t}ijh} w `} `r~t`}hoi at`mp`j`k`j` `j çtkgji} o` og}tgdpmgýj o` at`mp`jmgh o` `q`ji} o` t`}pehj`} küeg~e`}* ]gj `kdhtfi è tg`}fi }imghe hkdgçj ~pò` }`t `r~t`}hoi `j çtkgji} }gkgeht`} h ei} tg`}fi} gjogqgophe`}*


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@e mèempei oè tg`}fi }imghe t`xpg`t` eh kg}kh gjaitkhmgýj o` at`mp`jmgh w mij}`mp`jmgh} xp` è tg`}fi gjogqgophe ~`ti hogmgijhek`j` t`xpg`t` pjh oàgjgmgýj o` eh ~idehmgýj `j tg`}fi hetòòit o` eh gj}hehmgýj* @}h oàgjgmgýj ~pò` gjmepgt è g~i o` ~idehmgýj "~it `l`k~ei< t`}go`jmghe gjop}tghe `}mieht `m' eh ~i}gdgegoho o` ~`t}ijh} ~t`}`j`} i ahmit`} o` kggfhmgýj `rg}`j`}* @e tg`}fi }imghe ~hth pj jgqè `}~`mgagmi o` oh øi }` mhempeh ikhjoi `j mij}go`thmgýj ei} }gfpg`j`} ahmit`}< "g' "gg'

At`mp`jmgh oè `q`ji* Eh ~tidhdgegoho o` xp` è `q`ji ee`fp` h pjh pdgmhmgýj `}~`mëagmh mij}go`thjoi qhtghde`} megkègmh} w eh ogt`mmgýj oè qg`ji mij è mij}gfpg`j` mhkdgi o` og}~`t}gýj* "ggg' Eh ~tidhdgegoho o` xp` pjh i qhtgh} ~`t}ijh} `}çj `j è epfht* "gq' Eh ~tidhdgegoho o` xp` pjh i qhtgh} ~`t}ijh} ee`fp`j h pj tàpfgi i `}mh~`j o` ei} à`mi} jimgqi}* "q' @e jük`ti o` ~`t}ijh} ha`mhoh} ~it è `q`ji* Hpjxp` è tg`}fi }imghe w è tg`}fi gjogqgophe }ij ~t`}`jhmgij`} oga`t`j`} o` eh kg}kh }p`t` o` mikdgjhmgij`} o` at`mp`jmgh} w migjmgo`jmgh} o` hmmgo`j`} è }gfpg`j` `l`k~ei ~pò` gep}tht k`lit eh oga`t`jmgh `jt` tg`}fi }imghe ` gjogqgophe* Pj ògagmgi o` iagmgjh} eimheg|hoi m`tmh o` pjh ~ehjh xp ëkgmh imp~h h mphtimg`jh} ~`t}ijh} opthj` è bithtgi o` iagmgjh w h pj qgfgehj` è t`}i oè g`k~i* ]g eh ~i}gdgegoho o` xp` pj hmmgo`j` xp` mhp}` pjh ahhegoho `j è ògagmgi `} mij}hj` opthj` ioi è oëh mhoh gjogqgopi `j `}` ògagmgi `}h }pl`i h pj mg`ti tg`}fi gjogqgophe è mphe `} gjo`~`jog`j` oè jük`ti o` ~`t}ijh} ~t`}`j`} `} o`mgt `} è kg}ki ~hth mhoh pjh o` eh} mphtimg`jh} ~`t}ijh} oè ògagmgi opthj` bith} o` iagmgjh w ~hth è üjgmi qgfgehj` `j iti} kik`ji}* ]gj `kdhtfi è tg`}fi }imghe `} }gfjgagmhgqhk`j` khwit opthj` bith} o` iagmgjh xp` `j iti kik`ji*

7*=

K`ioieifë h o` M èe mpei o` Tg`}fi Gjogqgophe w Tg`}fi ]imghe Pj kçioi ~hth mphjgagmht è tg`}fi `} è o` mikdgjht eh at`mp`jmgh w eh }`q`tgoho o` ei} hmmgo`j`}* @j `}` }`jgoi pj gjogmhoit miküjk`j` p}hoi xp` tàe`lh eh }`q`tgoho oè hmmgo`j` `} è jük`ti `}~`thoi o` ahhegoho`}* @e jük`ti `}~`thoi o` ahhegoho`} ~it høi ~hth pjh ~idehmgýj `r~p`}h h ei} ~ègfti} t`}pehj`} o` eh gk~ehjhmgýj o` pj ~tiw`mi gjop}tghe ~pò` }`t `r~t`}hoh miki pjh mhjgoho `}hoë}gmh mhempehoh h ~htgt o` eh mikdgjhmgýj o` ioi} ei} ~i}gde`} `}m`jhtgi} o` hmmgo`j`} he miki }` gep}th mijm`~phek`j` `j eh @mphmgýj 8* @Sa h[ #

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Tg`}fi Gjogqgophe

@e tg`}fi gjogqgophe }`tè mhempehoi `j dh}` he kçioi o` mijitji o` tg`}fi* H `}` à`mi opthj` è mèempei oè jük`ti `}~`thoi o` ahhegoho`} ~hth mhoh hmmgo`j` }` `}gkh hkdgçj è jük`ti ihe o` ahhegoho`} o`jti mhoh è`k`ji o` eh kheeh oè oghfthkh o` hjèeg}g} o` tg`}fi ki}thoi `j eh Agfpth =* @e tg`}fi gjogqgophe ~tikògi ~hth mhoh ~`t}ijh xp` }` `jmp`jt` o`jti o` `}` è`k`ji o` kheeh o`d` }`t mhempehoi p}hjoi eh `mphmgýj "4'* TG f

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Tg`}fi ]imghe

@e tg`}fi }imghe }`tè `r~t`}hoi `j çtkgji} o` eh mptqh AJ eh mphe `} pjh t`~t`}`jhmgýj ftèagmh oè tg`}fi ikhjoi `j mp`jh eh at`mp`jmgh "A' o` pj hmmgo`j` q`t}p} eh mhjgoho o` ahhegoho`} `r~t`}hoh} ~hth `}` hmmgo`j` "J'* @e t`}pehoi o` `}h t`~t`}`jhmgýj `} pjh }`tg` o` ~pji} og}mt`i} he miki }` kp`}th `j eh Agfpth ?* h ~htgt o` ei} mphe`} }` mij}tpw` eh mptqh AJ mij`mhjoi ei} ~pji} xp` `}èj kè} hei} w he`lhoi} bhmgh eh o`t`mbh* @}i ~pò` }`t b`mbi mij eëj`h} t`mh} mt`hjoi ftèagmi} g~i `}mhe`th i th|hjoi pjh mptqh }phq` h thqç} o` ei} ~pji} he miki }` kp`}th `j eh kg}kh agfpth* @j f`j`the hmmgo`j`} mij at`mp`jmgh} o` imptt`jmgh khwit`} mhp}hj k`jit mhjgoho o` ahhegoho`} xp` ei} hmmgo`j`} mij at`mp`jmgh k`jit`}* Eh q`jhlh o` eh mptqh AJ `} xp` gep}th mehthk`j` eh tèhmgýj `jt` eh at`mp`jmgh o` ei} hmmgo`j`} "A' w }p }`q`tgoho "J' kg`jth} xp` }p ~tgjmg~he o`}q`jhlh thogmh `j eh ogagmpeho o` mik~htht ei} tg`}fi} h}imghoi} mij ith} hmgqgoho`} i `q`ji}*

7*?

Kògoh} @xpgqhe`j`} o` Oh øi } @e mijm`~i o` oi}g} ~ègfti}h ~pò` mt`ht ogagmpeho`} he mik~htht oga`t`j`} g~i} o` ohøi} miki ~it `l`k~ei à`mi} o` thoghmgýj mij à`mi} ýrgmi}* ^hth `}i} mh}i} }`tè j`m`}htgi }è`mmgijht pjh oi}g} `xpgqhe`j` ~hth oga`t`j`} kh`tghe`} w g~i} o` ~ègfti} o` khj`th xp` è fthoi o` ~ègfti }`h }gkgeht ~hth ioi} ei} à`mi}* ]p~ijg`joi xp` `}h }è`mmgýj `} t`heg|hoh hm`thohk`j` eh} mijtgdpmgij`} o` tg`}fi} }`~hthoh} ~hth oga`t`j`} g~i} o` ~ègfti} ~pò`j }`t gj`fthoh} `j pj tg`}fi ihe w thhoi} miki pjh }ieh `jgoho* ^hth à`mi} oè Hjèeg}g} Mphjghgqi o` Tg`}fi} `j jp`}th gjop}tgh }` mij}go`th miki oi}g} ~ègfti}h eh xp` t`~t`}`jh pj jgqè o` ohøi `xpgqhe`j` he 8% o` ahhegoho`}*

7*0

@mphmgij`} ^TIDG_ @e mèempei oè tg`}fi ~tiq`jg`j` o` pj ~ègfti o`d` `}ht dh}hoi `j pj `}gkhoi o` eh ~tidhdgegoho o` xp` he k`ji} pjh oi}g} `}~`mëagmh "o` fh} ýrgmi thoghmgýj çtkgmh i }idt`~t`}gýj' `}ç ~t`}`j` h pjh og}hjmgh ~htgmpeht o` eh gj}hehmgýj* Eh oi}g} t`he t`mgdgoh o`~`jo`tè o` eh} hmmgij`} oè gjogqgopi "~it `l`k~ei pjh ~`t}ijh gk~ògoh ~pò` ji }`t mh~h| o` ~ti`f`t}` tè~gohk`j`' w è à`mi o` ç}h o`~`jo`tè o` xpg`j eh t`mgd`* ît ei hji mphjoi }` bhm`j tà`t`jmgh} hm`tmh o` eh i~itpjgoho o` ~io`t `}mh~ht h pjh jpd` ýrgmh ~ti`fgçjoi}` `j pj hkdg`j` `r`tgit i è ~i}gde` à`mi xp` eh oi}g} `}~`mëagmh `jotëh }idt` pj gjogqgopi `} j`m`}htgi bhm`tei


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`j çtkgji} o` eh} mhthm`të}gmh} gjogqgophe`} ~tòàgjgoh}* Eh khwitëh o` jp`}th} `qhephmgij`} }p~ij`j xp` è gjogqgopi `} ~tikògi `j }p} htgdpi} ei mphe o``tkgjh mphe oi}g} ~`tmgdgtëh* @j ioi} ei} mh}i} hkdgçj }` mij}go`th pjh ie`thjmgh ~hth }`j}gdgegoho`} `}~`mghe`} h eh `r~i}gmgýj "`l`k~ei< h}gei o` hjmghji}' `j pjh `h~h ~i}`tgit `j è ~timògkg`ji o` `qhephmgýj ý `j è p}i o` mtg`tgi} o` tg`}fi} `}~`mghe`}* ^hth pj gjogqgopi ~tikògi }` ~pò`j bhm`t lpgmgi} hm`tmh o` miki t`}~ijo`tëh h oi}g} `}~`mëagmh} i }g eh oi}g} ~pò` }`t ~ègfti}h i ahhe* ^hth mhempeht pj tg`}fi gjogqgophe o` kp`t` }` j`m`}gh pjh mittèhmg ýj `jt` eh ~tidhdgegoho o` kp`t` w eh oi}g} oè ~ègfti `j mp`}gýj* Pjh aitkh o` `mphmgýj ~tidg `} at`mp`j`k`j` p}hoh ~hth `}` ~ti~ý}gi* Eh} `mphmgij`} ^tidg} ap`tij itgfgjhek`j` o`}httieehoh} ~hth ki}tht eh ~ti~itmgýj o` `}~`mëk`j`} o` ~tp`dh `j ehdithitgi} xp` kitgtëhj o`dgoi h oi}g} ogq`t}h} o` dgimgoh* ]p p}i ~hth è mèempei o` tg`}fi gjogqgophe `}è dh}hoh `j }p~i}gmgij`} gk~eëmgh} o` xp` ioi} ei} gjogqgopi} g`j`j gfphe`} ~i}gdgegoho`} o` kitgt o`dgoi h pjh oi}g} ~htgmpeht w xp` `}h ~tidhdgegoho `} gfphe h eh ~ti~itmg ýj o` kp`t`} `j pjh ~idehmgýj fthjo` `r~p`}h* Eh o`tgqhmgýj o` `}h mittèhmgýj ~hth }`t`} bpkhji} `} ~tide`kègmh ~htgmpehtk`j` ~hth ~tiopmi} ýrgmi} o`dgoi h xp` `rg}` kpw ~imh gjaitkhmgýj ogt`mh xp` tèhmgij` eh oi}g} mij è à`mi t`}pehj`* @j `}` }`jgoi }` bh hoi~hoi pj `jaixp` xp` gjtiopm` è mijm`~i o` oi}g} ~ègfti}h* @}h oi}g} ~ègfti}h mhp}htëh `j pjh ~itmgýj ë~gmh o` ~idehmgýj gjmepw`joi ~`t}ijh} o` pj hk~egi thjfi o` }`j}gdgegoho`} è }gfpg`j` `}~`mti o` à`mi}<

” ^`tptdhmgij`} }`q`th} o` mhoh gjogqgopi* ” Pjh mhjgoho }p}hjmghe o` gjogqgopi} t`xpg`t` h`jmgýj kçogmh* ” Hefpjh} ~`t}ijh} t`}pehj }`tghk`j` e`}gijhoh} w t`xpg`t`j thhkg`ji} ~tieijfhoi}* ” Hefpjh} ~`t}ijh} ~pò`j ahee`m`t* @}i ~pò` }`t o`}mtgi miki }g pjh oi}g} ~ègfti}h g`j` è ~i`jmghe ~hth mhp}ht kp`t`} ~`ti ji j`m`}htghk`j` ei bhtè* ît hji è tg`}fi `qhephoi `} xp` pj gjogqgopi "mpwi mik~ithkg`ji `} }gkgeht he xp` }` `}hde`mgý `j eh }p~i}gmgýj hm`tmh o` `}mh~ht' `}htè `r~p`}i h he oi}g} ~ègfti}h i ~ìt* 7*0*8

@a`mi} o` ]p}hjmgh} _ ýrgmh}

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@a`mi} Thoghmg ýj _çtkgmh

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oijo`< ^t ; ^tidg  ; opthmgýj o` eh `r~i}gmgýj "}`f' G ; Gj`j}goho o` thoghmgýj çtkgmh "V)k4' @} gk~ithj` gjmepgt `j eh gj`j}goho o` eh thoghmgýj çtkgmh è à`mi o` thoghmgýj }ieht eh mphe ~pò` }`t o` 8cV)k4 "=4> Dp)bt a4' `j pj oëh mhepti}i w o`}~`lhoi* ^hth g`k~i} ~tieijfhoi} o` `r~i}gmgýj h thoghmgýj  çtkgmh ei} t`}pehoi} ji iat`m`j kpmbh ~t`mg}gýj*


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Eh _hdeh 0 }` pgeg|h ~hth thj}aitkht ei} ―^t‛ `j ~itm`jhl`} o` ha`mhmgýj* 7*0*=

@a`mi} o` @r~ei}gij`}

Eh `mphmgýj ~tidg ~hth è mèempei o` ahhegoho`} mij}go`thjoi üjgmhk`j` ei} à`mi} o` eh ijoh o` }idt`~t`}gýj `}< ^t

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T`~t`}`jhmg ýj o` Tg`}fi Gjogqgophe

Eh} aitkh} mikpj`} o` ~t`}`jhmgýj oè tg`}fi gjogqgophe }ij ei} ogdpli} w ftèagmi} o` mijitji o` tg`}fi w ei} ~`tage`} o` tg`}fi} gjogqgophe`}* @e ft èagmi o` mijitji o` tg`}fi kp`}th `}gkhoi} o` tg`}fi} gjogqgophe`} `j ~pji} `}~`mëagmi} }idt` pj kh~h "Agfpth 0*'* Ei} mijitji} o` tg`}fi} "Mptqh} G}itg`}fi' mij`mhj ~pji} o` gfphe tg`}fi hetòòit o` eh gj}hehmg ýj ei mphe ahmgegh xp` epfht`} o` qpej`thdgegoho ~htgmpeht "~it `l`k~ei `}mpèh} bi}~ghe`} mijm`jthmgýj o` ~idehmgýj' ~pòhj }`t tè~gohk`j` go`jgagmhoh}* @e ~`tage oè tg`}fi gjogqgophe `} pjh mptqh o` tg`}fi gjogqgophe miki pjh apjmgýj o` eh og}hjmgh o`}o` pjh ap`j` o` tg`}fi "Agfpth 1*'* @}` g~i o` t`~t`}`jhmgýj `} dgogk`j}gijhe "tg`}fi q`t}p} og}hjmgh' w `} pjh }gk~egagmhmgýj o` eh mptqh o` mijitji o` tg`}fi gjogqgophe* ^hth p}ht `}` aitkhi o`d`j t`pjgt}` oi} mijogmgij`}<

” Eh ap`j` o` tg`}fi o`d` }`t mik~hmh "~it `l`k~ei he hjheg|ht pjh tàgj`tëh }` o`d` mij}go`tht miki pj ioi'* ” Eh og}tgdpmgýj oè tg`}fi o`d` }`t gfphe `j ioh} eh} ogt`mmgij`}* 7*1*4

T`~t`}`jhmg ýj oè Tg`}fi ]imghe

Pjh aitkh miküj o` t`~t`}`jhmgýj oè tg`}fi }imghe `} eh mijimgoh miki mptqh AJ "At`mp`jmgh ”Jük`ti Ahhegoho`}' Agfpth ?* Pjh mptqh AJ `} pj ftèagmi o` at`mp`jmgh hmpkpehgqh q`t}p} mij}`mp`jmgh} "`r~t`}hoh} `j jük`ti o` ahhegoho`}'*


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Pjh `}mheh eifhtëkgmh `} jitkhek`j` pgeg|hoh wh xp` eh at`mp`jmgh w è jük`ti o` ahhegoho`} }` pdgmhj `j pj thjfi o` qhtgi} ito`j`} o` khfjgpo* _hkdgçj `} p}phe ki}tht eh} mijtgdpmgij`} o` hmmgo`j`} }è`mmgijhoi} h eh mptqh AJ ihe ohoi xp` `}i hwpoh h eh go`jgagmhmgýj o` ei} khwit`} mijtgdpw`j`} he tg`}fi* Ith aitkh o` ~t`}`jhmgýj oè tg`}fi }imghe `} pjh hdpehmgýj oè tg`}fi ~hth oga`t`j`} hftp~hmgij`} o` ~`t}ijh} ha`mhoh} "~it `l`k~ei 8 h 8>3 88 h 8>>38>8 h 8>>> ~`t}ijh}'*

7*6

Gjm`tgopkdt` w ]`j}gdgegoho Eh gjm`tgopkdt` w eh }`j}gdgegoho }ij kh`tgh o` mij}go`thmg ýj `}~`mghe `j eh pgeg|hmgýj o` t`}pehoi} oè HMT* @e hjèeg}g} o` gjm`tgopkdt` `} p}hoi ~hth `}gkht è à`mi o` eh} gjm`tgopkdt`} o` eh gjaitkhmgýj w oè kioèi `j è `}gkhoi o` tg`}fi}3 kg`jth} xp` è hjèeg}g} o` }`j}gdgegoho `}gkh è à`mi o` qhtght eh `jthoh h ei} mik~ij`j`} o` ei} kioèi} i ei} kioèi} `j }g kg}ki gjogqgophek`j` i `j mikdgjhmgýj*

7*6*8

Gjm`tgopkdt`

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Eh gjm`tgopkdt` oè kioèi tàe`lh eh} o`dgegoho`} oàgmg`jmgh} w eh aheh o` ho`mphmgýj gjtëj}`mh o` mphexpg`t kioèi w `} pjh kògoh oè fthoi o` aheeh o` pj kioèi `j t`~t`}`jht eh t`hegoho* Eh gjm`tgopkdt` o` ei} ~htèk`ti} o` `jthoh h ei} kioèi} t`}pehj o` gjaitkhmgýj ji og}~ijgde` ` gjmik~e`h w eh j`m`}goho o` ee`jht `}i} qhmëi} h thqç} o` `}gkhmgij`} gja`t`jmgh} p i~gjgij`} `r~`th}* Eh} gjm`tgopkdt`} o` mhegoho f`j`the ~tiqg`j`j o` eh ogagmpeho o` go`jgagmht ioi} ei} hmmgo`j`} ~i`jmghe`} w o` eh t`~t`}`jhgqgoho o` ei} hmmgo`j`} `}mifgoi} ~hth è hjèeg}g}* Eh gjm`tgopkdt` }ptf` oè o`}mijimgkg`ji o` eh} mijtgdpmgij`} mikdgjhoh} he tg`}fi o` ei} hmmgo`j`} xp` bhj }goi ikggoi}* 7*6*4

]`j}gdgegoho

@e hjèeg}g} o` }`j}gdgegoho ~pò` go`jgagmht ei} ~i`jmghe`} mijtgdpw`j`} khwit`} h eh gjm`tgopkdt` feidhe `j pjh ehtfh eg}h o` hmmgo`j`}* _hkdg çj ~pò` go`jgagmht mphe`} kioèi} }p~i}gmgij`} ` gjaitkhmgýj }ij gk~ithj`} ~hth è `}gkhoi agjhe oè tg`}fi*


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Gjogm` jitkh

O`dgoi he fthj jük`ti o` ~htèk`ti} `jqpèi} `j pjh `qhephmgýj o` tg`}fi ji `} ~tèmgmi bhm`t hjèeg}g} o` }`j}gdgegoho h mhoh pji o` ei} ~htèk`ti} }gj `kdhtfi ~pò` }`t `qhephoh eh }`j}gdgegoho ~hth ~htèk`ti} xp` }` }p~ij`j gk~ithj`} i t`mijimgoi} miki o` heh gjm`tgopkdt`*

8> MTG_@TGI] O@ _IE@THJMGH O`mgogt }g pj tg`}fi `} ie`thde` i ji `} }g`k~t` pj `kh oègmhoi w }pdl`gqi xp` o`~`jo` `j fthj ~ht` o` eh i~gjgýj ~htgmpeht o` mhoh ~`t}ijh* ]gj `kdhtfi `} j`m`}htgi og}~ij`t o` mtg`tgi} o` ie`thjmgh o` tg`}fi} ~p`}i xp` o` ith aitkh ji `rg}` kògi hd}iepi ~hth `qhepht è }gfjgagmhoi o` ei} t`}pehoi} o` pj Hjèeg}g} Mphjghgqi o` Tg`}fi} jg hk~imi o` aitkpeht t`mik`johmgij`} ho`mphoh}* Ei} mtg`tgi} o` ie`thjmgh o` tg`}fi} oàgjgoi} `j `}h }`mmg ýj tàe`lhj è jgqè o` tg`}fi èmghk`j` ~`tkg}gde` è mphe qg`j` ohoi ~it pj dhehjm` `jt` eh dp`jh ~tèmgmh o` og}`øi i~`thmgýj w khj`jgkg`ji w ei} t`mpt}i} og}~ijgde`} ~hth tòpmgt tg`}fi}* @}i} mtg`tgi} aglhj è eëkg` bh}h oijo` }` ~iotè og}kgjpgt pj tg`}fi h thqç} o` kògoh} o` gjf`jg`tëh ~hth tòpmgt }p at`mp`jmgh o` imptt`jmgh w }p} mij}`mp`jmgh} è mphe eýfgmhk`j` migjmgogtè mij è eëkg` h ~htgt oè mphe }` o`d`tè gjq`tgt `j eh èhdithmgýj o` ~ehj`} o` mijgjf`jmgh `jo`j`} h tòpmgt eh} mij}`mp`jmgh} o` he`} tg`}fi}* Eh ie`thjmgh o` pj tg`}fi `} pjh mp`}gýj }pkhk`j` oègmhoh ohoi xp` `}è h}imghoh mij eh ~`tm`~mgýj o` eh }`q`tgoho o` eh} mij}`mp`jmgh} ~i`jmghe`} o` pj hmmgo`j` `}~`mghek`j` mphjoi ha`mh he ~üdegmi `j f`j`the* Ei} tg`}fi} kpegogk`j}gijhe`} xp` gjqiepmthj h ~`t}ijh} kògi hkdg`j` w hmgqi} t`xpg`t`j o` mij}go`thmgij`} hogmgijhe`} `j è hjèeg}g} mi}i ”d`jàgmgi* T`mijimg`joi eh} ogagmpeho`} gk~eëmgh} `j lp|fht eh ie`thdgegoho o` tg`}fi} }` o`mgogý hoi~ht pj `jaixp` o` t`fgýj o` tg`}fi hj`} xp` qheit`} egkg` `}tgmi} ei mphe `} eh `jo`jmgh biw `j oëh h jgqè kpjoghe he miki ei o`kp`}thj gjaitk`} ` gjq`}gfhmgij`} t`mg`j`}* ^hth èei }` o`mgogý aglht t`} èt`h} dg`j o`khtmhoh} miki }ij< h*

Pjh }p~`tgit `j eh mphe è jgqè o` tg`}fi} `} gjie`thde` w ~it ei hji o`d` }`t tòpmgoi*

d*

Pjh gja`tgit `j eh mphe è jgqè o` tg`}fi `} k ëjgki i ie`thde` w ~it hji ji ~tìmp~hj`*

m*

Pj èt`h gj`tkògh `jt` eh} oi} hj`tgit`} oijo` `} o`}`hde` pjh tòpmmgýj oè jgqè o` tg`}fi ~`ti }pl`h h pj hjèeg}g} mi}i ”d`jàgmgi*


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ÔQ]H GT ”] ”>4

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8

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^èfgjh == K`jü ^tgjmg~he

8>*8

Gjogm` khjphe

Gjogm` jitkh

Mtg`tgi o` _ie`thjmgh o` Tg`}fi Gjogqgophe Eh ie`thjmgh oè tg`}fi ~tiq`jg`j` o` pjh gj}hehmgýj gjop}tghe ~pò` }`t lp|fhoh mik~hthjoi ei} `}gkhoi} o` tg`}fi gjogqgophe hjphe mij ei} tg`}fi} h}imghoi} h mg`th} hmgqgoho`} mijimgoh}3 he bhm`t `}h mik~hthmgýj }` t`mijim` xp` f`j`thek`j` ei} tg`}fi} h ei} mphe`} eh} ~`t}ijh} }` `jmp`jthj `r~p`}h} ~pò`j }`t hftp~hoi} `j oi} mh`fitëh}< qiepjhtgi} ` gjqiepjhtgi}* @l`k~ei o` `r~i}gmgij`} qiepjhtgh} he tg`}fi }ij hmgqgoho`} he`} miki ―kiimti}}‛ `}mheht kijhøh} qieht `j hqgij`} mik`tmghe`} i ~tgqhoi} mitt`t hpikýqge`} w thdhlht `j pjh gj}hehmgýj gjop}tghe* @l`k~ei} o` `r~i}gmgij`} gjqiepjhtgh} h tg`}fi} ei mij}gpw`j eh} o`}mhtfh} èçmtgmh} `ja`tkòho`} bpthmhj`} w ~`t}ijh} eimheg|hoh} `j èt`h} t`}go`jmghe`} i t`mt`hmgijhe`} m`tmh o` gj}hehmgij`} gjop}tghe`}* T`}~`mi h ei} tg`}fi} o` gj}hehmgij`} gjop}tghe`} }p} thdhlhoit`} }ij meh}gagmhoi} miki t`m`~it`} qiepjhtgi} o` tg`}fi w eh} ~`t}ijh} qgqg`joi `j èt`h} t`}go`jmghe`} m`tmhjh} }ij meh}gagmhoh} miki t`m`~it`} gjqiepjhtgi} o` tg`}fi* ]` ~pò` ~`j}ht xp` eh hm`~hmgýj qiepjhtgh o` pj tg`}fi `} h~tirgkhohk`j` è kg}ki xp` è o` hm`~hmgýj o` eh kp`t` ~it `ja`tkòho `}` qheit `} h~tirgkhohk`j` 8 r 8> ”1 ahhegoho`} ~it ~`t}ijh bith o` `r~i}gmgýj i h}pkg`joi pjh `r~i}gmgýj mijgjph 261> bith} ~it høi `} 261 r 8> ”= ahhegoho`} ~it ~`t}ijh høi* H}ë pj tg`}fi o` 8 r 8> ”= ahhegoho`} ~it ~`t}ijh høi `} f`j`thek`j` hm`~hde` ~hth thdhlhoit`} gjop}tghe`}* H}ë kg}ki }` `}gkh xp` è jgqè o` tg`}fi ie`thde` ~hth pjh `r~i}gmg ýj gjqiepjhtgh `} pjh `j kge "8<8>>>' oè qheit o` eh `r~i}gmgýj qiepjhtgh `} o`mgt h~tirgkhohk`j` 8 r 8> ”1 ahhegoho`} ~it ~`t}ijh høi i pjh ~i}gdgegoho `j pj kgeeýj* @j mij}go`thmgýj h ei hj`} `r~p`}i ei} mtg`tgi} o` ie`thjmgh o` tg`}fi gjogqgophe aglhoi} ~it eh Gjop}tgh ^`tie`th w ^`tixpëkgmh jhmgijhe }ij< _HDEH 1* MTG_@TGI] ÔQ]H ^HTH _IE@THJMGH O@ TG@]FI GJOGQGOPHE AT@MP@JMGH _IE@THDGEGOHO A : 8> ”= )høi 8> ”1 )høi 5 A q 8> ”= )høi A q 8> ”1 )høi

Gjie`thde`< @e tg`fi} o`d` }`t tòpmgoi h mphexpg`t mi}i* O`}`hde`< Tòpmmgýj hogmgijhe oè tg`}fi dh}hoi `j hjèeg}g} mi}i d`jàgmgi* T`~t`}`jh eh t`fgýj o` tg`}fi tòpmgde`* _ie`thde` i këjgki< Tòpmmgýj oè tg`}fi }g ei} t`mpt}i} ei ~`tkg`j* Hüj h~egmh mijm`~i o` mi}i d`jàgmgi*


ÔQ]H


ÔQ]H GT ”] ”>4

T@QG]GIJ

A@MBH

8

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^èfgjh =? K`jü ^tgjmg~he

8>*4

Gjogm` khjphe

Gjogm` jitkh

Mtg`tgi o` _ie`thjmgh oè Tg`}fi ]imghe @e mtg`tgi o` _ie`thjmgh oè Tg`}fi ]imghe aitkpehoi h mijgjphmg ýj mij}go`th eh `r~`tg`jmgh o` qhtgi} høi} o` i~`thmgýj o` ÔQ]H w }p} Ageghe`} hmpkpehjoi hji eh} `}hoë}gmh} o` hmmgo`j`} mij mij}`mp`jmgh} o` e`}gij`} w ahhegoho`} h ~`t}ijhe ~ti~gi w `tm`ti} miki eh} mij}`mp`jmgh} o` ohøi} hkdg`jhe`} ~`togoh} kh`tghe`} w o` ~tiopmmgýj* _he`} mij}`mp`jmgh} bhj }goi mh`fitg|hoh} o` hmp`toi h }p }`q`tgoho `j ei} thjfi} o` ]`q`th} Khwit`} w Mhh}týagmh} miki }` `}~`mgagmh `j eh Agfpth 6* H}gkg}ki pj hjèeg}g} o` eh} at`mp`jmgh} o` he`} hmmgo`j`} mij}go`thjoi è ihe o` gj}hehmgij`} o` ÔQ]H w }p} Ageghe`} ~hth pj ~`tëioi o` h~tirgkhohk`j` 80 høi} bh ~`tkggoi `}hde`m`t ei} ito`j`} o` khfjgpo i thjfi} o` at`mp`jmgh} ë~gmh} ~hth mhoh pjh o` eh} mh`fitëh} o` hmmgo`j`} hj`} gjogmhoh}* @j dh}` h `}` hjèeg}g} }` bh `}hde`mgoi eh mptqh o` ie`thjmgh oè tg`}fi }imghe ki}thoh `j eh Agf* 6* eh mphe oàgj` ei} thjfi} o` hmmgo`j`} `j oga`t`j`} mh`fitëh} xp` ~pò`j mij}go`tht}` miki GJ_IE@THDE@] KGJGKI] "_IE@THDE@]' W EH \IJH GJ_@TK@OGH @J EH MPHE EH T@OPMMGIJ O@E TG@]FI @] O@]@HDE@*


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ÔQ]H GT ”] ”>4

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8

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Gjogm` khjphe

Gjogm` jitkh

Agf 6* MTG_@TGI ÔQ]H O@ _IE@THJMGH O@ TG@]FI ]IMGHE

GK^HM_I HKDG@J_HE

T@Q@T]GDE@ @J_T@ 8 W 0 HØI]

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KHWIT O@ 0>> KKP]/


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ÔQ]H GT ”] ”>4

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A@MBH

8

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8>*=

Gjogm` khjphe

Gjogm` jitkh

H~egmhmgý j o` ei} Mtg`tgi} o` _ie`thjmgh Eh mik~hthmgýj o` pj tg`}fi mij ei} mtg`tgi} hj`} oàgjgoi} ~pò` pdgmht è jgqè o` tg`}fi hjheg|hoi `j mphexpg`th o` ei} }gfpg`j`} mh}i}< 8*

Tg`}fi Gjie`thde`< @j `}` mh}i eh mijogmgýj `rg}`j` `} gjhm`~hde` w t`}peh idegfhitgi eh hoi~mgýj o` kògoh} xp` tòp|mhj eh ~tidhdgegoho o` imptt`jmgh w eh }`q`tgoho o` ei} ~i`jmghe`} hmmgo`j`}* @} }pkhk`j` gk~ithj` o`}hmht xp` }g dg`j pjh tòpmmgýj oè tg`}fi ~pò` }`t id`jgoh kòghj` eh i~mgýj o` og}kgjpmgýj o` eh at`mp`jmgh i o` eh h`jphmgýj o` eh} mij}`mp`jmgh} i pjh mikdgjhmgýj o` hkdh} ~hth pjh }gphmgýj o` Tg`}fi Gjie`thde` `} gk~`thgqi hfiht `j ~tgk`th gj}hjmgh ioh} eh} kògoh} o` gjf`jg`tëh mijopm`j`} h tòpmgt eh at`mp`jmgh o` imptt`jmgh oè hmmgo`j` }g`joi gjhm`~hde` ~t``jo`t üjgmhk`j` eh hoi~mgýj o` kògoh} ogtgfgoh} h eh tòpmmgýj o` mij}`mp`jmgh}*

4*

Tg`}fi Tòpmgde`< Mphjoi è jgqè o` tg`}fi hjheg|hoi }` pdgmh `j `}h t`fgýj ji ~pò` idl`ht}` è }i}`jgkg`ji o` eh mijogmgýj i~`thmgijhe `j he`} mgtmpj}hjmgh} ~`ti `} hmij}`lhde` qg}pheg|ht ioh} eh} i~mgij`} ~i}gde`} o` tòpmmgýj oè tg`}fi h thqç} o` eh mikdgjhmgýj o` kògoh} o` gjf`jg`tëh w)i hokgjg}thgqh} xp` ~`tkg`j eh tòpmmgýj o` eh ~tidhdgegoho o` imptt`jmgh w)i kgjgkg|hmgýj o` mij}`mp`jmgh} o` ei} ~i}gde`} hmmgo`j`}* @j `}` mh}i t`}peh hmij}`lhde` oht ~tgitgoho h eh} kògoh} o` gjf`jg`tëh ogtgfgoh} h eh tòpmmgýj o` ~tidhdgegoho`} o` imptt`jmgh o` `q`ji} gjo`}`hde`} w ep`fi mik~e`k`jht eh} kg}kh} mij eh} kògoh} hokgjg}thgqh} xp` tòp|mhj i h`jü`j eh} mij}`mp`jmgh} o` ei} kg}ki}* Agjhek`j` o`d`j qheitht}` eh} kògoh} gjogqgophe`} i mikdgjhmgij`} o` èeh} kòghj` eh h~egmhmgýj o` pj hjèeg}g} mi}i ”d`jàgmgi xp` }i~it` eh lp}gagmhmgýj `mijýkgmh o` eh} ~ti~p`}h} h à`mi} o` ahmgeght eh ikh o` o`mg}gij`}*

=*

Tg`}fi Kë jgki< @j `}` mh}i è tg`}fi `} ie`thde` w ji `} gk~`thgqi h~egmht kògoh} o` tòpmmgýj oè tg`}fi* Ji id}hj` }g }` qg}pheg|hj kògoh} idqgh} xp` mijtgdpwhj h tòpmgt hpj kh} è tg`}fi w eh h~egmhmgýj oè hjèeg}g} mi}i ”d`jàgmgi ahqit`m` eh gk~ehjhmgýj o` he`} kògoh} eh} kg}kh} o`d`tëhj }`t hoi~hoh}*

88 K@OGOH] ^HTH T@OPMMGIJ O@E TG@]FI @j `}h }`mmgýj }` hditohj ei} ogq`t}i} ahmit`} gjqiepmthoi} `j è ~tim`}i o` dhehjm`ht eh tòpmmgýj oè tg`}fi mij ei} mi}i} gk~eëmgi} `j he tòpmmgýj* Ohoi xp` è tg`}fi `} o``tkgjhoi ~it pjh mikdgjhmgýj o` eh ~tidhdgegoho w eh }`q`tgoho o` hmmgo`j`} idqghk`j` mphexpg`t mhkdgi o`}gjhoi h tòpmgt eh ~tidhdgegoho o` imptt`jmgh i eh }`q`tgoho o` eh} mij}`mp`jmgh} o` ei} hmmgo`j`} mijopmgtè h eh tòpmmgýj oè tg`}fi*


ÔQ]H


ÔQ]H GT ”] ”>4

T@QG]GIJ

A@MBH

8

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Gjogm` khjphe

Gjogm` jitkh

]g dg`j `rg}`j gjjpk`thde`} çmjgmh} ~hth eh tòpmmgýj oè tg`}fi eh} kg}kh} ji ~pò`j }`t mpdg`th} `j }p ihegoho `j `}` oimpk`ji ~it ei mphe }` ~t`}`jhj h mijgjphmgýj ei} ~tgjmg~gi} f`j`the`} xp` itg`jhj eh tòpmmgýj oè tg`}fi*

88*8

Tòpmmgý j o` ^tidhdgegoho`} o` Hmmgo`j`} Eh ~tidhdgegoho o` imptt`jmgh o` pj hmmgo`j` ~pò` `}ht tèhmgijhoh mij eh aheeh o` pj mik~ij`j` eh aheeh o` pj }g}`kh `ttit bpkhji i pjh mikdgjhmgýj o` eh} hj`tgit`}* @j mij}`mp`jmgh eh tòpmmgýj o` at`mp`jmgh o` hmmgo`j`} ~pò` hemhj|ht}` kòghj` eh tòpmmgýj o` aheeh} ~it hefpji} o` ei} kçioi} }gfpg`j`}<

88*8*8

Aheeh} o` Mik~ij`j`} ]gk~e`}

” T``k~eh|ht mik~ij`j`} ~it `xpgqhe`j`} mij k`jit h}h o` aheeh} mik~tidhoh* ” P}ht mik~ij`j`} ahdtgmhoi} mij kh`tghe`} o` mhegoho }p~`tgit i o` ahdtgmhj`} t`mijimgoi} ~it }p mijaghdgegoho* ” K`litht ~tifthkh} o` gj}~`mmgýj w khj`jgkg`ji* ” K`litht è og}`øi o` khj`th xp` eh aheeh o` pj mik~ij`j` }gk~e` ji }` thop|mh `j pjh apfh* 88*8*4

Aheeh} o` ]g}`kh}

” Mhkdght è og}`øi gjmepw`joi mik~ij`j`} tòpjohj`} `j èt`h} mtëgmh}* ” Tòpmgt `j ei ~i}gde` è jük`ti o` mik~ij`j`} `j è }g}`kh* ” H~egmht çmjgmh} o` go`jgagmhmgýj o` ~ègfti} he`} miki è Bh|i~ i è ètdie o` aheeh} ~hth eimheg|ht o`dgegoho`} `j è og}`øi w mitt`fgteh}* 88*8*=

@ttit Bpkhji

” K`litht è o`}`k~`øi oè ~`t}ijhe ~it qëh oè `jt`jhkg`ji* ” I~gkg|ht eh gj`tah}` bikdt` ”kèxpgjh ~hth tòpmgt ~i}gdgegoho`} o` mijap}gýj w o`mg}gij`} gjmitt`mh}* ” @j hmgqgoho`} o` kpw heh i kpw dhlh o`khjoh gjmit~itht `j ei ~i}gde` khxpgjhtgh} ` gj}tpk`ji} `j t``k~eh|i o` eh hmgqgoho bpkhjh*

88*4

Tòpmmgý j o` eh ]`q`tgoho Eh fthqòho o` pj hmmgo`j` `} gjaep`jmghoh dè}gmhk`j` ~it eh} mhthm`të}gmh} o` ei} kh`tghe`} ~ègfti}i} `j mij}go`thmgýj i ~it eh} hmmgij`} xp` }` ik`j pjh q`| xp` }` ~tiop|mh eh egd`thmgýj o` he`} kh`tghe`}* Eh} hmmgij`} o` tòpmmgýj o` eh }`q`tgoho ~pò`j hftp~ht}` miki }` gjogmh<

88*4*8

_h}h} i Mhjgoho o` O`}mhtfh

” Tòpmgt gjq`jhtgi} o` ~tiopmi} hekhm`jhoi}


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” K`litht eh mh~hmgoho o` o``mmgýj kòghj` gj}tpk`jhmgýj i gj}hehmgýj o` }g}`kh} o` o``mmgýj* ” K`litht eh mh~hmgoho o` o``j`t tè~gohk`j` pjh o`}mhtfh gjmit~ithjoi }g}`kh} o` mg`tt` o` `k`tf`jmgh* 88*4*4

Ogk`j}g ýj o` \ijh} o` ^ègfti

” Gj}heht ogxp`} w ot`jhl`} ~hth ~t`q`jgt eh og}~`t}gýj gjmijtiehoh o` eëxpgoi} o`}mhtfhoi}*

” ^tiq``t }g}`kh} hmgqi} o` ~ti`mmgýj miki ~it `l`k~ei }g}`kh o` ~ti`mmgýj mijth gjm`jogi} hfph)`}~pkh ~hth tòpmgt gjaehkhdgegoho i irgmgoho o` eh} jpd`}*

” Tòpmgt eh `r~i}gmgýj oè ~üdegmi* Hoxpgtgt `tt`ji} hogmgijhe`} hetòòit o` eh gj}hehmgýj ~hth hpk`jht eh }`~hthmgýj `jt` ç}h w è ~üdegmi* ” O`}httieeht mij eh} hpitgoho`} eimhe`} ~timògkg`ji} o` `qhmphmgýj `j mh}i} o` `k`tf`jmgh*

84 HJHEG]G] MI]_I ”D@J@AGMGI @e idl`gqi üegki o` pj Hjèeg}g} Mphjghgqi o` Tg`}fi} `} hemhj|ht pj jgqè ie`thde` o` tg`}fi h pj mi}i th|ijhde`* H}ë è ~ti~ý}gi o` eh gjf`jg`tëh o` mijtie o` tg`}fi} `} o``tkgjht ` gk~ehjht ei} mhkdgi} j`m`}htgi} ~hth eiftht `}` idl`gqi* @} ogaëmge h}gfjht eëkg`} th|ijhde`} h eh gjq`t}gýj ~hth è k`lithkg`ji oè jgqè o` }`fptgoho o` pjh hmgqgoho ~htgmpeht* Eh tòpmmgýj `j è jgqè o` tg`}fi hüj mphjoi }`h khtfgjhe }` ~pò` eiftht ~tèmgmhk`j` `j ioi} ei} mh}i} h thqç} o` fthjo`} gjq`t}gij`} o` mh~ghe3 ji id}hj` eh t`hegoho ji} gjogmh xp` h kògoh xp` }` gjmt`k`jh eh gjq`t}gýj ei} d`jàgmgi} o`mt`m`j tè~gohk`j` gjmgog`joi `j eh t`jhdgegoho w }ptfg`joi eh gj`ttifhj` o` }g è ogj`ti ~iot ëh }`t k`lit `k~e`hoi `j iti} h}~`mi} oè j`fimgi* He mik~htht è jgqè o` tg`}fi mij ei} mtg`tgi} o` ie`thjmgh `}hde`mgoi} w hm`~hoi} ~it eh gjop}tgh }` o`d`j gjmepgt ei} mtg`tgi} oè Hj èeg}g} Mi}i ”D`jàgmgi h~egmhoi} h eh} kògoh} o` mijtie `}~`mghek`j` ~hth ei} mh}i} `j xp` è jgqè o` tg`}fi o``tkgjhoi mh` `j è èt`h o`jikgjhoh tg`}fi tòpmgde`* @e Hjèeg}g} Mi}i ”D`jàgmgi ikh `j mp`jh eh ~i}gdgegoho o` imptt`jmgh o` ohøi} kh`tghe`} hji h eh gj}hehmg ýj miki h ~ti~gòho`} o` `tm`ti} h}ë miki eh ~çtogoh o` ~tiopmmgýj opthj` ei} ~`tëioi} o` ~hthoh ~hth t`~hthmgýj o` ei} ohøi}* Eýfgmhk`j` }g `}` qheit `} khwit xp` è mi}i o` eh} kògoh} ~ti~p`}h} ~hth tòpmgt è tg`}fi `}h} üegkh} }ij `mijýkgmhk`j` lp}gagmhde`}*


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ît }p~p`}i è hjèeg}g} ji }g`k~t` }`tè hj }gk~e` ohoi xp` }` ~t`}`jhtèj mh}i} `j ei} mphe`} hogmgijhek`j` ~iotëhj impttgt ~çtogoh} bpkhjh}* @j `}i} mh}i} è mi}i o` eh} kògoh} o` mijtie o`d`tè }`t mik~hthoi ho`kè} mijth eh} tòpmmgij`} oè tg`}fi }imghe o` khj`th o` ~tiq``t pjh l`thtxpg|hmgýj o` eh} oga`t`j`} i~mgij`} `j çtkgji} o` }p} t`}~`mgqh} gjq`t}gij`} ~hth ~t`q`jgt ahhegoho`}*

84*8

K`ioieifë h ^pò`j ~t`}`jht}` oga`t`j`} i~mgij`} ~hth mijtieht pj tg`}fi* @j he`} mh}i} o`d`tè `}hde`m`t}` pj dhehjm` `jt` è mi}i o` gk~ehjhmgýj o` eh} kògoh} o` mijtie oè tg`}fi w è tg`}fi t`khj`j`* @}` }` t`~t`}`jh ftèagmhk`j` `j eh Agfpth 2* Jý`}` xp` `j `}h ftèagmh }` ikhj `j mp`jh hji eh} ~çtogoh} ~it ohøi} kh`tghe`} miki ~it qgoh} bpkhjh}* Ji id}hj` ji }` ikht èj `j mp`jh ~çtogoh} ~tiopmgoh} ~it t`hmmgýj fpd`tjhk`jhe i oè ~üdegmi ohoi xp` `}h} }ij kè} ogaëmge`} o` mphjgagmht w `j eh khwitëh o` ei} mh}i} }ij gjhjfgde`}* H}ë ~it `l`k~ei pjh mij}`mp`jmgh ~i`jmghe o` pj hmmgo`j` gjop}tghe o` fthj khfjgpo ~pò` }`t è o``tgiti o` eh gkhf`j w t`~phmgýj o` eh mik~høëh gjqiepmthoh ~htgmpehtk`j` }g he }`fpgt}è` pj lpgmgi i mphexpg`t iti g~i o` eggfgi }` o`kp`}th xp` hefpjh} aheeh} f`t`jmghe`} mijtgdpw`tij h eh imptt`jmgh oè hmmgo`j`* @}h ~pdegmgoho hoq`t}h t`~t`}`jh pj o`tgk`ji ~hth eh mik~høëh }pkhk`j` ogaëmge o` mphjgagmht kij`htghk`j` ~it ei mphe `} `rmepgoi oè hjèeg}g} mi}i ”d`jàgmgi* Bhdg`joi mik~e`hoi eh `qhephmgýj `mijýkgmh o` ei} ohøi} kh`tghe`} w ~çtogoh} bpkhjh} }` ~pò` mhempeht è mi}i hjphe oè hmmgo`j` ~p`}i xp` mijim`ki} }p at`mp`jmgh* Eýfgmhk`j` `}i} mi}i} o`mt`m`tèj h kògoh xp` eh at`mp`jmgh i eh} mij}`mp`jmgh} oè hmmgo`j` hkdgçj o`mt`m`j "q`t Agfpth 2*'* ît ei hji eh }iepmgýj ý~gkh }`tè hxpèeh mij è këjgki mi}i hjphe o` kògoh} o` mijtie }pkhoi he mi}i o` eh} mij}`mp`jmgh} oè tg`}fi t`khj`j` pjh q`| ikhoh} eh} kògoh}* ]g hjheg|hki} eh Agfpth 2* ~iot`ki} q`t xp` ~hth pj tg`}fi mphexpg`th ―I‛ }p} ~çtogoh} hjphe`} }`tèj IH # HD* ]g `}` tg`}fi `} tòpmgoi he og}kgjpgt }p at`mp`jmgh i }p} mij}`mp`jmgh} eh ~çtogoh hjphe ~it ohøi} kh`tghe`} w ~çtogoh} bpkhjh} hkdgçj o`mt`m`tè* H}ë ~io`ki} t`~t`}`jht `j eh ftèagmh mphti ~i}gde`} }iepmgij`} go`jgagmhoh} ~it ei} ~pji} 8 4 = w ? mpwh} pdgmhmgij`} `}èj ohoh} `j dh}` he tg`}fi t`}gophe w he mi}i hjphe o` eh} kògoh} o` mijtie }p~`t~p`}i he mi}i o` eh} mij}`mp`jmgh} oè tg`}fi t`}gophe o` mhoh pji o` èei}* ]` ~pò` h~t`mght xp` eh }iepmgýj ý~gkh }`tè eh jük`ti = ~p`}i xp` t`~t`}`jh è k`jit mi}i ihe o` eh} mphti*


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JI_H< Eh} eëj`h} tèe`jh} o` ei} ~pji} 8 4 = w ? t`~t`}`jhj è mi}i o` gjq`t}gýj `j kògoh} o` mijtie*


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84*4

Gjogm` khjphe

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^`t}ijhe Ha`mhoi ]` ~pò` hagtkht xp` ioi è kpjoi migjmgo` `j xp` è qheit o` eh qgoh bpkhjh `} gjagjgi ji id}hj` `}i ji ji} ~ti~itmgijh jgjfüj è`k`ji ~tèmgmi xp` ji} ~`tkgh è`fgt he`tjhgqh} o` }iepmgýj w ~it ei hji ji g`j` jgjfpjh h~egmhmgýj* ît iti ehoi ei} t`mpt}i} `mijýkgmi} }ij }g`k~t` egkghoi} w ji `} ~i}gde` h}gfjht }p ihegoho h eh }heqhmgýj o` eh qgoh bpkhjh* @}i ji} ee`qh h ~`j}ht xp` eh üjgmh ~i}gmgýj lp}h w ahmgde` o` hoi~ht `} eh o` }heqht eh khwit mhjgoho o` qgoh} bpkhjh} mij ei} t`mpt}i} `mijýkgmi} og}~ijgde`}* @} mijq`jg`j` t`mijim`t xp` `}` `} pj `kh }pkhk`j` èefgoi w o`dhgoi h jgqè kpjoghe* Bh}h hbith ji bhw pj hmp`toi he t`}~`mi h} ë J*M* Egjo "Tà* 2' ―~ti~ij` pj mgath o` 4 r 8>1 P]*/ ~it qgoh bpkhjh‛ H*D* Ae`g}bkhj w K*] Bifb "Tà* 7' ―~ti~ij`j pj qheit `jt` ? r 8>0 w 1 r 8>1 P]*/‛ kg`jth} xp` ]*D Fgd}ij "Tà* 8>' ― `}hde`m` pj thjfi `jt` 4 r 8>0 w 4 r 8>1 P]/‛* Miki }` ~pò` q`t pjh mgath hetòòit o` 4 r 8> 1 P]/ ~ht`m` dh}hj` }`j}gde` ~hth eh t`hegoho o` ~hë}`} o`}httieehoi} miki }ij ei} `pti~ì} Mhjhoè w @@*PP* Hbith dg`j ikhjoi `j mp`jh jp`}th t`hegoho eh mphe ~pò` }`t ~eh}khoh `}hde`mg`joi pjh `}~`thj|h o` qgoh o` 6> høi} pjh qgoh üge o` thdhli o` ?0 høi} w pjh t`kpj`thmgýj ~tikògi k`j}phe o` thdhlhoit`} o` eh gjop}tgh ~`tie`th o` D}* 16*>>> }` ee`fh h pjh mgath o` =1 r 8> 1 D}* ]g h `}h mgath hft`fhki} è mi}i o` ei} }`fpti} }`tqgmgi} kçogmi} w ith} mik~`j}hmgij`} id`j`ki} id`j` ki} pjh mgath mgath h~tirgkhoh h~tirgkhoh o` ?0 r 8>1 D}* @}` qheit he mhkdgi hmphe i}mgeh `j ei} 0 r 8>0 P]/ ei mphe `}è `j eëj`h mij eh ~ti~i}gmgýj o` Fgd}ij* @j mijmep}gýj }` ~ti~ij` pjh mgath o` 0 r 8>0 P]/ ~it mhoh ahhegoho `qghoh i `j ith} ~hehdth} ~it ~`t}ijh ha`mhoh ~hth à`mi} o` h~egmhmgýj oè Hjèeg}g} Mi}i ”D`jàgmgi `j eh} `qhephmgij`} o` tg`}fi ee`qhoh} h mhdi `j jp`}th} gj}hehmgij`}*

8= HÊGMHMGIJ HÊGMHMGIJ O@E HJHEG]G HJHEG]G] ] MPHJ_G_ MPHJ_G_H H_GQI O@ TG@]FI TG@]FI] ] "HMT' @J ^TIW@M_I] Ei} mtg`tgi} w k`ioieifëh} ~hth è Hjèeg}g} Mphjghgqi o` Tg`}fi} g`j`j h~egmhmgýj `j eh} gj}hehmgij`} ë~gmh} o` eh Gjop}tgh ^`tie`th w ^`tixpëkgmh w `}~`mghek`j` `j eh} xp` khj`lhj kh`tghe`} qieège`} gjaehkhde`} i  ýrgmi} `j mhjgoho`} w mijogmgij`} o` ~tim`}i xp` o``tkgjhj pj hei ~i`jmghe o` `r~ei}gij`} gjm`jogi} i jpd`} ýrgmh}* Eh} `h~h} `j eh qgoh o` eh gj}hehmgýj h }`t mij}go`thoh} ~hth oga`t`jmght h~egmhmgij`} oè ―HMT‛ }ij<

” Mijm`~pheg|hmgýj oè ^tim`}i ” Gjf`jg`tëh Mijm`~phe ” Gjf`jg`tëh Dè}gmh


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” ” ” ” ”

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8=*8

ýj oè ^tim`}i Mijm`~pheg|hmg ý O` hmp`toi mij ei `}~`mgagmhoi `j è oimpk`ji ÔQ]H GT ”] ”>8 ―Agei}iaëh o` Og}`øi ]`fpti‛ `j `j `}h `h~h }` o`d` mij}go`tht eh }è`mmgýj o` ~tim`}i} w)i `mjieifëh} xp` iat`|mhj è k`jit jgqè o` tg`}fi* ^hth èei è kçioi kè} ho`mphoi ~hth ee`qht h hmhdi eh `qhephmgýj `} è ^BH mij}go`thjoi h}~`mi} he`} miki<

” ” ” ” ” ” ” 8=*4

_irgmgoho o` eh} }p}hjmgh} Gjaehkhdgegoho o` eh} }p}hjmgh} T`hmgqgoho o` eh} }p}hjmgh} Gjq`jhtgi Mijogmgýj o` i~`thmgýj Gk~hmi hkdg`jhe Bg}itgh o` hmmgo`j`} ` gjmgo`j`} `j è mh}i o` `mjieifëh} mijimgoh}*

Gjf`jg`të h Mijm`~phe @j `}h ah}` oè og}`øi eh gjaitkhmgýj og}~ijgde` `}è egkghoh he g~i o` ~tim`}i `xpg~i} khwit`} qieük`j`} khj`lhoi} mijogmgij`} o` i~`thmgýj w oghfthkh} o` aepli oè ~tim`}i* @j `}h `h~h o`d` `k~e`ht}` è kçioi ^BH ~hth go`jgagmht `}m`jhtgi} ~i`jmghe`} o` hmmgo`j`} mij mij}`mp`jmgh} khwit`}* Ei} `}m`jhtgi} go`jgagmhoi} o`d`j }`t mphjgagmhoi} h agj o` `}hde`m`t kògoh} ~tègkgjht`} ~tègkgjht`} egj`hkg`ji} ~hth è og}`øi ~i}`tgit w o``tkgjht eh ahmgdgegoho o` mijgjpht mij è og}`øi o` eh gj}hehmgýj he w miki `}è ~ti~p`}i* Eh} egkghmgij`} egkghmgij`} o` gjaitkhmgýj `j `}h ah}` e` mijag`t`j pj mhtèm`t ~tègkgjht h ei} t`}pehoi} oè ^BH* Ji id}hj` `}i} `}i} ~pò`j }`t o``tkgjhj`} o``tkgjhj`} ~hth à`mi} à`mi} o` o`mgogt i lp}gagmht eh eimheg|hmg ýj oè ~tiw`mi `rhkgjht ~i}gde`} mhkdgi} `j è ~tim`}i w)i kh`tghe`} pgeg|hoi} w o``tkgjht èt`h} o` gj`tç} oijo` o`d`j ~tiapjog|ht}` ei} `}pogi} ~i}`tgit`} o` HMT*


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Gjogm` khjphe

Gjogm` jitkh

Gjf`jg`të h D è }gmh Opthj` `}h ah}` w ~t`qgi h eh ~timpth o` `xpg~i} mphjoi }` og}~ij` o` gjaitkhmgýj kè} ~t`mg}h he miki oghfthkh} o` aepli w o` pd`tëh} ` gj}tpk`jhmgýj qhtghde`} o` i~`thmgýj `}~`mgagmhmgij`} ~tègkgjht`} w htt`fei} o` `xpg~i} `m* }` o`d` ee`qht h mhdi pj `}pogi BH\I^* Eh} i~mgij`} ~hth eh gj}hehmgýj o` }g}`kh} o` }`fptgoho w kggfhmgýj f`j`thoh} bh}h ` gjmepw`joi `}h `h~h o`d`tèj }`t }ik`goh} h pj `}pogi mi}i ”d`jàgmgi ~hth }è`mmgijht hxpèeh} kògoh} xp` ~`tkghj hemhj|ht pj jgqè o` tg`}fi ie`thde` i këjgki h pj mi}i th|ijhde`*

8=*?

Gjf`jg`të h o` O`hee` @j `}h `h~h }` t`heg|htè è HMT üjgmhk`j` }g bhj impttgoi mhkdgi} `j è og}`øi itgfgjhe o` hmp`toi mij ei `}hde`mgoi `j è oimpk`ji ÔQ]H GT ”] ”>1 ―Fpëh ~hth Mhkdgi} i Kiogagmhmgij`} o` Gj}hehmgij`} w @xpg~i}‛* O` ei mijthtgi eh hmgqgoho oè hjèeg}g} o` tg`}fi} `j `}h `h~h `}htè egkghoh h h}`fptht eh gk~ehjhmgýj o` eh} kògoh} hmitohoh} `j eh} `h~h} ~t`qgh}*

8=*0

Mij}tpmmgý j @j eh `h~h o` mij}tpmmgýj }` o`d`tèj à`mpht gj}~`mmgij`} w `qhephmgij`} çmjgmh} o` }`fptgoho mij è agj o` q`tgagmht ei }gfpg`j`<

8=*1

8*

Mpk~egkg`ji o` eh} t`mik`johmgij`} hm`~hoh} ~tiq`jg`j`} o` ei} `}pogi} o` HMT ~t`qgi}*

4*

Mpk~egkg`ji o` ei} `}hde`mgoi `j eh} e`w`} q`j`|iehjh} `j kh`tgh o` ~t`q`jmgýj o` hmmgo`j`} `}~`mghek`j` `j ei tà`t`j` h eh E`w Itfèjgmh o` ^t`q`jmgýj Mijogmgij`} w Kògi Hkdg`j` oè _thdhli*

=*

Eh `rg}`jmgh o` kògoh} hokgjg}thgqh} o` mijtie o` tg`}fi} he`} miki khjphe`} o` i~`thmgýj w khj`jgkg`ji ~ehj`} o` `k`tf`jmgh w mijgjf`jmgh}3 ho`mphoi} w o`dgohk`j` hmpheg|hoi}*

^t`” htthjxp` ) Htthjxp` Opthj` `}h `h~h o`d`tèj à`mpht}` ~tp`dh} ` gj}~`mmgij`} mij è agj o` h}`fptht xp` ei} }g}`kh} o` }`fptgoho w kggfhmgýj `}èj gj}hehoi} w apjmgijhjoi `j aitkh ho`mphoh* Hogmgijhek`j` }` à`mphtè pjh `qhephmgýj çmjgmh i t`qg}gýj o` }`fptgoho xp` h}`fpt` eh `rg}`jmgh w apjmgijhkg`ji o` ioi} ei} è`k`ji} oè }g}`kh o` f`t`jmgh o` }`fptgoho o` ei} ~tim`}i} "F]^' "tà`t`jmgh} 44 w 4='*


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I~`thmgý j Ei} kçioi} kè} h~egmhde`} `j `}h `h~h gjmepw`j BH\I^ A_H @_H ` gj}~`mmgij`} ) `qhephmgij`} çmjgmh}* Hxpèeh} gj}hehmgij`} `rg}`j`} mpwi ~tim`}i o` og}`øi w mij}tpmmgýj ji ap` }ik`goi h pj HMT o`d`tèj }`t hjheg|hoh} dhli `}h k`ioieifëh h agj o` o``tkgjht }p jgqè o` tg`}fi w `qhepht }p mpk~egkg`ji mij ei} mtg`tgi} o` ie`thjmgh o` tg`}fi} o` ÔQ]H*

8=*2

Mhkdgi} w Kiogagmhmgij`} _ioi mhkdgi i kiogagmhmgýj dg`j }`h h gj}hehmgij`} `rg}`j`} i ~tiw`mi} o`d`tè }`t thhoi o` hmp`toi h ei `}hde`mgoi `j è oimpk`ji ÔQ]H GT ”] ”>1 ―Fpëh ~hth Mhkdgi} i Kiogagmhmgij`} o` Gj}hehmgij`} w @xpg~i}‛*

8=*7

H}`fpthkg`ji o` Mhegoho H idl`i o` h}`fptht eh `l`mpmgýj w mhegoho o` ei} t`xp`tgkg`ji} `}hde`mgoi} ~hth mhoh pjh o` eh} `h~h} o` eh qgoh o` pjh gj}hehmgýj }` o`d` `}hde`m`t pj }g}`kh o` hpogitëh mij ~htgmg~hmgýj o` ~`t}ijhe `r`tji h eh itfhjg|hmgýj xp` `l`mph è ~tiw`mi* _HDEH 6* HÊGMHMGIJ O@ K@_IOI] HMT Mijm`~* Gjf* Gjf* Gjf* ^tim`}i Mij* Dè}gmh O`*

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Pji o` ei} h}~`mi} kè} gk~ithj`} `j ei} Hjèeg}g} Mphjghgqi} o` Tg`}fi} `} eh `qhephmgýj o` eh at`mp`jmgh mij xp` ~pò` impttgt pj hmmgo`j` o``tkgjhoi xp` bh }goi go`jgagmhoi miki ~i`jmghek`j` ahmgde` o` }pmò`t* Hmphek`j` eh Gjop}tgh ^`tie`th w ^`tixpëkgmh Jhmgijhe ji mp`jh mij pjh dh}` o` ohi} `}hoë}gmi} o` aheeh} o` `xpg~i} gjog}~`j}hde` ~hth à`mpht eh} `qhephmgij`} o` at`mp`jmgh o` hmmgo`j`}* @j è ~t`}`j` mh~ëpei }` `}hde`m`j eh} h}h} o` aheeh} tà`t`jmghe`} h }`t p}hoh} `j eh} `qhephmgij`} xp` t`heg|h eh gjop}tgh* Eh gjaitkhmgýj hxpë mij`jgoh `} pjh t`mi~gehmgýj o` pjh }`tg` o` gjaitkhmgýj ~tiq`jg`j` o` ogq`t}h} ap`j`} o` oga`t`j`} ~hë}`} gjop}tgh} w hkdg`j`} ~it ei mphe o`d` }`t pgeg|hoh `k~e`hjoi è kè} }hji mtg`tgi o` gjf`jg`tëh ~hth `qght `ttit`} o` lpgmgi xp` ~i}`tgitk`j` }` mijqg`thj `j t`}pehoi} o`}qghoi}* Mijht mij pjh dh}` o` gjaitkhmgýj ~ti~gh o` eh Gjop}tgh ^`tie`th w ^`tixpëkgmh xp` tàe`l` m`t`thk`j` }p} ~tèmgmh} o` og}`øi i~`thmgýj w khj`jgkg`ji `} o` qghe gk~ithjmgh3 ~it ei mphe }` `}hde`m` pjh fpëh ~hth t`mie`mht eh gjaitkhmgýj o` eh Gjop}tgh ^`tie`th Jhmgijhe mij`jgoh `j eh} bg}itgh} o` khj`jgkg`ji o` ei} `xpg~i} w `j ei} gjaitk`} o` gjmgo`j`} w hmmgo`j`} impttgoi} h ei ehtfi o` jp`}th bg}itgh miki Gjop}tgh* @}h `} eh üjgmh aitkh o` mik~htht}` mitt`mhk`j` mijth ei} mtg`tgi} o` ie`thjmgh o` tg`}fi} o` ÔQ]H `}hde`mgoi} `j dh}` h jp`}th gjaitkhmgýj bg}ýtgmh* H*4

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Eh} _hdeh} H*8 bh}h H*86 o` `}h ]`mmg ýj ~tiqg`j`j o` eh Tà`t`jmgh 883 Eh} _hdeh} H*82 w H*87 o` eh Tà`t`jmgh 84*

^hth è p}i w eh gj`t~t`hmgýj mitt`mh o` eh gjaitkhmgýj }pkgjg}thoh }` o`d`tè ikht `j mp`jh eh} }gfpg`j`} mij}go`thmgij`}<

” Ei} qheit`} ~t`}`jhoi} miki h}h o` aheeh} `j eh aitkh ―~it 8>1 b‛ gjogmhj xp` è kioi o` aheeh o`}mtgi imptt` R q`m`} `j pj kgeeýj o` bith}* ” Ei} qheit`} ~t`}`jhoi} miki h}h o` aheeh} `j eh aitkh ―~it 8>= O‛ gjogmhj xp` è kioi o` aheeh o`}mtgi imptt` R q`m`} ~it mhoh 8>>> o`khjoh}* ” Eh at`mp`jmgh o` pj `q`ji mphexpg`th xp` `} gjgmghoi ~it eh aheeh o` pj üjgmi mik~ij`j` ~it `l`k~ei aheeh o` pjh `k~hxp`hopth tp~pth o` pjh eëj`h `m* `} jitkhek`j` id`jgoh ogt`mhk`j` o` eh gjaitkhmgýj o` eh h}h o` aheeh} oè mik~ij`j`* ” Eh at`mp`jmgh o` pj `q`ji mphexpg`th xp` `} gjgmghoi ~it pjh mikdgjhmgýj o` aheeh} o` mik~ij`j`} }` o`d`tè `}gkht p}hjoi eh çmjgmh o` hjèeg}g} ètdie o` aheeh}*


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Eh at`mp`jmgh w eh ~tidhdgegoho o` imptt`jmgh o` aheeh} `} èj egfhoh} kh`kègmhk`j` h thqç} o` eh aýtkpeh< ^

# 8 ” ` ”a

oijo`< ^ ; ~tidhdgegoho o` imptt`jmgh a ; at`mp`jmgh o` imptt`jmgh ~it høi  ; ~`tëioi o` g`k~i* Jitkhek`j` pj "8' h øi Jitkhek`j` ~hth qheit`} ~`xp`øi} o` a eh ~tidhdgegoho `} gfphe h eh at`mp`jmgh*

” @j ei} mh}i} `j ei} mphe`} eh aheeh o` pj üjgmi mik~ij`j` ~pò` t`}peht `j pj `q`ji tg`}fi}i ~`ti è }g}`kh mijg`j` qhtgi} mik~ij`j`} gfphe`} eh ~tidhdgegoho hjphe o` xp` pji i kè} `q`ji} imptthj o`~`jo` o` eh ~tidhdgegoho o` aheeh} oè mik~ij`j` w o` eh mhjgoho o` mik~ij`j`} `j è }g}`kh* @}h tèhmgýj `}è ohoh ~it eh aýtkpeh< ^j # 8 ” "8 ” ~ '

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oijo`< ^j ; ~tidhdgegoho hjphe o` pji i kè} `q`ji} ~ ; ~tidhdgegoho o` aheeh o` pj mik~ij`j` j ; mhjgoho o` mik~ij`j`} goçjgmh} `j è }g}`kh Jý`}` xp` ~hth ~tidhdgegoho`} dhlh} w ~imi} mik~ij`j`} ^j # j~

” ^hth khwit`} o`hee`} hm`tmh oè p}i o` `}h gjaitkhmgýj `j eh ]`mmgýj H*6 }` ~t`}`jhj hefpji} `l`k~ei} o` h~egmhmgýj* H*4*8 H*4*8*8

Mik~t`}it`} At`mp`jmgh o` Aheeh}

O`}mtg~mg ýj

Mik~t`}it o` fh} gjmepw`joi ioh} eh} qèeqpeh} pd`tëh} w hmm`}itgi} bh}h eh ~tgk`th dtgoh gjmepw`joi ç}h üegkh*

―Tipth _ihe‛ mij}go`thjoi è ogèk`ti gj`tji o` eh pd`tëh o` khwit ogèk`ti mij`mhoh he mik~t`}it*


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^tidhdgegoho o` @r~ei}gij`}

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_HDEH H*41 "Tà* 8=' ^tidhdgegoho o` `r~ei}g ýj ohoh pjh ap`j` o` gfjgmg ýj Fthj jpd` o` qh~it

8

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_HDEH H*46 "Tà* 8=' Apfh

^tidhdgegoho o` Gfjgmg ýj

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Mbg}~h} o` mikdp}gýj

0%

Gfjgmgýj `}~ijèj`h "dh}pth `m'

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Gjm`joghtg}ki "ap`fi} khegmgi}i}'

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Mbg}~h} k`mèjgmh} "`}k`tge`} `m'

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Kg}mèèjì}

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>0

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8> ”4

” @ttit o` ikg}gýj o` pjh hmmgýj o` pj ~timògkg`ji* @ttit f`j`the o` ikg}gýj "~*`* }è`mmgijht gj`ttp~it gjmitt`mi'*

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Aheeh o` Dth|i o` Mhtfh o` @ge`ji

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Gjogm` jitkh

@}mh~` o` Eë xpgoi} ~it Itgagmgi}

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ǲ

4 fm ^f o

oijo`< p ; Qèimgoho Mi ; Miàgmg`j` o` o`}mhtfh "hogk`j}gijhe' fm ; Mij}hj` fthqghmgijhe ^f ; ^t`}gýj khjikçtgmh o ; o`j}goho oè aepgoi Eh h}h o` aepli }`tè< Xk # H Mi

ǲ4 o fm ^f

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D*4*4

8*

^hth itgagmgi} mij mit`} hfpoi} w jük`ti T`wjieo} khwit`} h =>*>>> è qheit h~tirgkhoi `} o` >18* ^hth `}h} mijogmgij`} eh qèimgoho oè aepgoi `} gjo`~`jog`j` oè hkhøi oè hfpl`ti*

4*

^hth id`th} dg`j tòijo`hoh} è miàgmg`j` o` o`}mhtfh }` h~tirgkh h eh pjgoho*

=*

^hth ~`xp`øh} }`mmgij`} o` pd`tëh} pjgoh} h pj t`mg~g`j` "mpwh tèhmgýj o` eijfgpo ogèk`ti ji `rmòh h =' è miàgmg`j` o` o`}mhtfh `} h~tirgkhohk`j` >28*

?*

^hth mh}i} oijo` è miàgmg`j` o` o`}mhtfh `} o`}mijimgoi i ji m`t`ti pgegm` è qheit o` 8> ~hth khrgkg|ht ei} aepli} mik~phoi}*

@}mh~` o` Eë xpgoi ~it Hfpl`ti} `j _hjxp`}

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ǲǔ 4

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Tf Mij}hj` o` ei} fh}`} go`he`} "80?0 a)ed ” kie iT' _i _`k~`thpth `j eh ap`j` "iT' D*4*?

Athmmgý j o` Eë xpgoi Qh~itg|hoh Gj}hj èj `hk`j`

Ei} eëxpgoi} hekhm`jhoi} dhli ~t`}gýj }idt` }p `k~`thpth o` `dpeegmgýj ~t`}`jhj ~tide`kh} }p}hjmghe`} o`dgoi h eh `qh~ithmgýj gj}hjèj`h oè ~tiopmi* Eh athmmgýj o` eëxpgoi `qh~ithoh gj}hjèj`hk`j` `}è ohoh ~it< A qh~ #

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oijo`< M~ ; Mh~hmgoho mheitëagmh oè eëxpgoi _i ; _`k~`thpth oè eëxpgoi `j è hekhm`jhkg`ji _d ; _`k~`thpth o` `dpeegmgýj oè eëxpgoi OBq ; Mheit eh`j` o` qh~itg|hmgýj

, ]g Aqh~ : 8 è e ëxpgoi }` qh~itg|h ihek`j` hj`} o` hemhj|ht eh ~t`}gýj hki}açtgmh `} o`mgt hj`} o` xp` è `}mh~` }hefh he kògi hkdg`j` `r`tgit* @j `}` mh}i }` o`d`tè mhempeht eh `k~`thpth w ~t`}gýj o` qh~it mitt`}~ijog`j`} w h~egmht eh} aýtkpeh} o` mèempei ~hth `}mh~`} o` fh}`} i qh~it`} dhli eh oga`t`jmgh o` ~t`}gýj t`khj`j`* , ]g Aqh~ 5 8 eh} `mphmgij`} o` eh ]`mmgýj D*4*8 ~`tkg`j id`j`t è mhpohe oè `}mh~` w eh athmmgýj gj}hjèj`hk`j` qh~itg|hoh th} è o`tthk` oè eëxpgoi he `r`tgit* ^`xp`øh} fih} o` eëxpgoi hkdgçj }` aitkhj `j eh qh~itg|hmgýj* @}h} fih} `j h`tì}ie ~pò`j }`t thj}~ithoh} o`}o` è }ggi o` eh apfh o`dgoi he qg`ji* At`mp`j`k`j` }` h}pk` xp` eh mhjgoho o` fih} aitkhoh} `} gfphe h eh athmmgýj o` eëxpgoi qh~itg|hoh* D*4*0

@}mh~` o` Aepgoi} `j Mijogmgij`} o` Aepli `j oi} Ah}`}

@e kçioi ~`tkg` mhempeht è mhpohe o` `}mh~` o` pj aepgoi `j mijogmgij`} o` aepli `j oi} ah}`}* Eh} h~egmhmgij`} ë~gmh} }` `jmp`jthj `j è mh}i o` `}mh~`} o` eëxpgoi} }hpthoi} hekhm`jhoi} h ~t`}gýj "fh}`} egmphoi} ~t`}ptg|hoi}' mij `k~`thpth }p~`tgit he ~pji o` `dpeegmgýj* ]g eh thw`mitgh oè aepgoi h thq ç} o` eh apfh `} khwit o` 8> mk eh} mijogmgij`} o` `xpgegdtgi }ij hemhj|hoh} w è aepli `} `}thjfpehoi*


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_h}h} o` @qh~ithmg ýj o` Eë xpgoi}

_th} è o`tthk` o` pj e ëxpgoi eh mhjgoho o` qh~it`} xp` ~pò`j aitkht}` o`dgoi h eh `qh~ithmgýj `} pj ahmit gk~ithj` ~hth `qhepht è jgqè o` tg`}fi xp` he o`tthk` ~pò` t`~t`}`jht* @j f`j`the eh mhjgoho o` qh~it`} t`}pehj }gfjgagmhgqi} o`}o` è ~pji o` qg}h o` gjm`jogi)`r~ei}gýj }g eh `k~`thpth o` `dpeegmgýj oè eëxpgoi `} k`jit xp` eh `k~`thpth hkdg`j`* Eh `qh~ithmgýj o` pj eëxpgoi qg`j` o``tkgjhoh ~it è mheit hd}itdgoi o` ei} hetòòit`} w eh} mijogmgij`} hki}açtgmh} "qèimgoho oè qg`ji w `}hdgegoho hki}açtgmh'* Eh `r`j}gýj oè o`tthk` ~pò` `}ht egkghoh ~it eh `rg}`jmgh o` ogxp`} o` mij`jmgýj i mphexpg`t iti g~i o` id}tpmmgýj* Mphjoi ji `rg}`j id}tpmmgij`} h eh `r`j}gýj oè o`tthk` è èt`h imp~hoh ~it è eëxpgoi qg`j` agjhek`j` egkghoh ~it eh ~ti~gh h}h o` `qh~ithmgýj* @e èt`h o` eh ~g}mgjh "`r`j}gýj oè o`tthk`' ~hth apfh} mijgjph} ~pò` }`t mhempehoh ~it eh} }gfpg`j`} `mphmgij`}< H ~ # Q * bk


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oijo`< H~ ; Ht`h o` eh ~g}mgjh "k4' Q ; Aepli qiepkçtgmi "k= )}'  ; _g`k~i "}`f' bk ; ^tiapjogoho o` eh ~g}mgjh "k' bk ; 0 r 8> ”= k ~hth Mijmt`i bk ; 8> r 8> ”= k ~hth Fthqh

D*4*1*8

o` Eë xpgoi} Qie è ge`} @qh~ithmg ýj

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@e qg`ji ~pò` he`tht eh eijfgpo qg}gde` o` eh} eehkh}* Eh mittèhmgýj hj`tgit }` kiogagmhtëh h}ë<

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Kç ioi} o` M èe mpei

@e mheit ihe gtthoghoi `j è gjm`jogi o` pj eëxpgoi qg`j` `r~t`}hoi ~it< X # a* }* q* B m ]g`joi< X ; Mheit ihe gtthoghoi a ; Athmmgýj oè mheit o` mikdp}gýj `kggoi ~it thoghmgýj } ; Ht`h o` eh }p~`tagmg` gjm`joghoh q ; Qèimgoho o` xp`khoi oè eëxpgoi Bm ; Mheit o` mikdp}gýj oè eëxpgoi @e ahmit "a' o`~`jo` oè g~i o` mikdp}gde`* @j eh _hdeh D*4 }` ~t`}`jhj qhtgi} qheit`} ~hth mg`ti} mikdp}gde`} ë~gmi}* ^hth mikdp}gde`} ji k`jmgijhoi} `}~`mëagmhk`j` }` ikhtè pj qheit o` >=0*


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Eh h}h i qèimgoho o` xp`khoi "q' o` pj eëxpgoi `} pj qheit xp` o`~`jo` o` qhtghde`} he`} miki< jhpthe`|h oè eëxpgoi g`k~i o` xp`khoi `}~`}it o` eh mh~h o` eëxpgoi qèimgoho oè qg`ji `m* Ei} qheit`} xp` }` ~t`}`jhj `j eh _hdeh D*4 }` dh}hj `j è }p~p`}i o` xp` }` hemhj|h pjh qèimgoho o` xp`khoi mij}hj` hp}`jmgh o` qg`ji w `}~`}it`} o` eëxpgoi }pagmg`j`k`j` fthjo`} miki ~hth ~`tkggt hemhj|ht pjh qèimgoho o` xp`khoi `}hmgijhtëh* Ei} qheit`} }ij qèegoi} ~hth }p~`tagmg`} o` eëxpgoi} khwit`} o` 4 k`ti} o` ogèk`ti* JI_H 8

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Eh apjmgýj o` mheit gtthoghoi qhtëh mij}go`thde`k`j` `j apjmgýj oè ogèk`ti o` eh ~g}mgjh `j eehkh}* Eh `r~egmhmgýj o` `}` a`jýk`ji ~iotëh }`t è deixpì ~tiopmgoi ~it è bpki w eh mikdp}gýj gjmik~e`h o` kh`tghe xp` }` ~tiopm` `j hjxp`} o` fthj ogèk`ti* @j eh Agf* D*8 }` kp`}thj eh} athmmgij`} o` mheit gtthoghoi `j apjmgýj oè ogèk`ti o` eh ~g}mgjh*


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Kioèi Mbitti o` Ap`fi "L` Agt`'

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@r~ei}gij`}

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―QM@‛ }idt` ei} hetòòit`} }` khjgag`}h h thqç} o` eh} }idt`~t`}gij`} itgfgjhoh} ~it eh `r~ei}gýj* @e `q`ji o` ―QM@‛ `} pjh o` eh} ~i}gde`} mij}`mp`jmgh} oè `}mh~` kh}gqi o` pj fh} i eëxpgoi }idt`mhe`jhoi h ~t`}gýj }gj `kdhtfi pjh t`qg}gýj bg}ýtgmh gjogmh xp` eh} apfh} o` ~`xp`øh} mhjgoho`} o` ~tiopmi} gjaehkhde`} ~tiopm`j pj ―aeh}b agt`}‛ "aifijh|i' }gj f`j`tht }idt`~t`}gij`} }gfjgagmhgqh}* ^hth ~tiopmgt}` pj ―QM@‛ `} j`m`}htgi hefüj mijagjhkg`ji o` eh jpd` w ptdpe`jmgh* _hkdgçj `rg}`j gjogmhmgij`} xp` eh jpd` o` qh~it gjgmghe o`d` }`t khwit xp` pj hkhøi mtggmi* Ei} kioèi} ~hth mhempeht ei} à`mi} o` ei} ―aeh}b agt`}‛ ji bhj }goi kpw o`}httieehoi}* ^`ti }p} à`mi} bhj }goi egkghoi h eh} ogk`j}gij`} o` eh jpd`* Apjohk`jhek`j` }` o`d`j mij}go`tht miki ap`j`} o` tg`}fi ~i`jmghe o` ―QM@‛ ei} t`mg~g`j`} i pd`tëh} xp` mijg`j`j<

” Fh}`} gjaehkhde`} h heh ~t`}gýj "`j f`j`the : =0 hk*'* ” Fh}`} gjaehkhde`} egmphoi} h ~t`}gýj "`j f`j`the : 4 hk*'* ” Eëxpgoi} qieège`} gjaehkhde`} "`j f`j`the `j mhjgoho : 0 ijèhoh}'* @j è }p~p`}i o` h~egmhmgýj o` ei} `}èjoht`} w ~tèmgmh} `rgfgoh} `j eh G^^J ~hth è og}`øi mij}tpmmgýj gj}hehmgýj i~`thmgýj w khj`jgkg`ji o` hjxp`} w t`mg~g`j`} }` mij}go`th xp` eh tipth gj}hjèj`h o` eh ~htò o` he`} `xpg~i} `} pj `q`ji o` ~tidhdgegoho hj dhlh xp` ji t`}peh lp}gagmhoh }p mij}go`thmg ýj miki itgf`j oè `}mh~`* Eh} tipth} `j pd`tëh} khjfp`th} w dth|i} o` mhtfh dikdh} w mik~t`}it`} }ij `q`ji} `}hoë}gmhk`j` kè} ~tidhde`} xp` ji ~pò`j o`lht o` ikht}` `j mp`jh hüj mphjoi }` og`}` ~it }p~p`}i eh h~egmhmgýj o` ei} k`lit`} `}èjoht`} w ~tèmgmh} i~`thmgijhe`}* @j dh}` h ei hj`tgit }` mij}go`thtè miki itgf`j oè `}mh~` eh tipth ihe o` hxpèeh} pd`tëh} xp` khj`lhj fh}`} i eëxpgoi} gjaehkhde`}* Eh kh}h ihe o` fh} xp` aitkh eh jpd` }gj mij}go`tht og}~`t}g ýj q`jotè `r~t`}hoh ~it< K#Xr oijo`< K ; Kh}h ihe o` fh} X ; Mhpohe i h}h o` `}mh~`  ; Opthmgýj oè `}mh~` Ei} kioèi} ~hth è mèempei o` `}mh~`} o` ~tiopmi} gjaehkhde`} gjogmhoi} `j eh ]`mmgýj D*4 }`tèj pgeg|hoi} ~hth mhempeht eh kh}h o` }p}hjmgh} gjaehkhde`}*


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Gjogm` jitkh

^hth eh o``tkgjhmgýj o` eh opthmgýj oè `}mh~` }` o`d`tèj mij}go`tht eh} ahmgegoho`} o` o``mmgýj o` apfh} w hg}ehkg`ji o` `xpg~i} `rg}`j`} `j mhoh mh}i ~htgmpeht o` hmp`toi h ei} }gfpg`j`} mtg`tgi} f`j`the`}<

” ]g } ýei `rg}`j qèeqpeh} o` hg}ehkg`ji o` i~`thmgýj eimhe }` mij}go`thtè è `}mh~` oè gjq`jhtgi ihe o` eh pd`tëh w `xpg~i} mij`mhoi} h ç}h* ” ]g `rg}`j }g}`kh} o` o``mmgýj o` apfh} "o``mit`} o` fh} hehtkh} o` dhlh ~t`}gýj i mhpohe' w }` og}~ij` o` qèeqpeh} o` hg}ehkg`ji o` hmmgijhkg`ji t`kii }` o`d`tè `qhepht eh mijaghdgegoho o` he`} }g}`kh} w è g`k~i o` t`}~p`}h o` ei} i~`thoit`} pjh q`| t`mgdgoh eh hehtkh* @j f`j`the }` mij}go`th xp` eh} tipth} mhh}týagmh} o` pd`tëh} xp` itgfgjhj pj `}mh~` kh}gqi oè ~tiopmi }`tèj o``mhoh} gjkòghhk`j` ~it ei} gj}tpk`ji} k`jmgijhoi} w eh opthmgýj oè `}mh~` o`~`jo`tè apjohk`jhek`j` oè g`k~i o` t`}~p`}h oè i~`thoit ~hth hmgqht ei} }g}`kh} o` hg}ehkg`ji w)i ~hthoh o` `xpg~i}* _g`k~i} o` t`}~p`}h ji gja`tgit`} h 0 kgjpi} o`d`tèj }`t mij}go`thoi} `j `}h }gphmgýj* ” ]g ho`kè} o` ei} }g}`kh} o` o``mmgýj o` apfh} `rg}`j }g}`kh} hpikègmi} o` hg}ehkg`ji w)i ~hthoh o` `xpg~i} eh opthmg ýj oè `}mh~` qg`j` o``tkgjhoh ~it è g`k~i o` hmphmgýj o` he`} }g}`kh}* Miki ahmit o` }`fptgoho }` ikhtè pj g`k~i gfphe he oide` oè `}~`mgagmhoi ~hth è mg`tt` hpikègmi o` eh} qèeqpeh} o` hg}ehkg`ji `rg}`j`}* @j `}h} mijogmgij`} }pè`j id`j`t}` g`k~i} o` opthmgýj ë~gmi} oè ito`j o` 8 kgjpi* D*?*8*8

@xpgqhe`jmgh `j ― _J_ ‛ o` eh Kh}h o` Fh} ) Qh~it

Hüj mphjoi ji ioh eh kh}h o` fh} xp` mij}gpw` eh jpd` }` `jmijthtè o`jti o` ei} eëkg`} o` gjaehkhdgegoho "~ht` }` bhdtè ogepgoi ~it og}~`t}gýj' }` mij}go`thtè eh kh}h ihe o` fh} mhempehoh ~t`qghk`j` miki }p~p`}i kè} mij}`tqhoit* Eh mhjgoho o` ―_J_‛ `xpgqhe`j` h eh kh}h o` fh})qh~it xp` itgfgjh eh ―QM@‛ }` mhempeh `j dh}` h eh }gfpg`j` tèhmgýj `k~ëtgmh< K _J_ #

K r O Bm r a O B _J_

}g`joi< K_J_ ; Kh}h `xpgqhe`j` o` _J_ "cf' K ; Kh}h o` fh} `j eh jpd` "cf' ∁

Bm ; Mheit o` mikdp}gýj oè fh} i qh~it "Cmhe)cf'

a ; Ahmit o` àgmg`jmgh o` eh `r~ei}gýj ∁

B_J_ ; Mheit o` mikdp}gýj oè _J_ "Qheit ë~gmi ; 8*888 Cmhe)cf'


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@e ahmit o` àgmg`jmgh o` eh `r~ei}gýj o`~`jo` apjohk`jhek`j` oè g~i o` }p}hjmgh gjqiepmthoh* @j f`j`the }` mij}go`thtè a; >>4 ~hth fh}`} w qh~it`} o` bgotimhtdpti}* D*?*8*4

oè Qheit o` eh ]idt`~t`}g ýj O``tkgjhmg ýj

Eh o``tkgjhmgýj oè qheit o` eh }idt`~t`}gýj h pjh o``tkgjhoh og}hjmgh oè m`jti o` eh `r~ei}gýj }` mhempeh h ~htgt o` ft èagmi} `rg}`j`} ~hth è mh}i o` mhtfh} ~pjphe`} o` ―_J_‛* @j eh Agfpth D*0 }` ~t`}`jh pj ftèagmi ~hth è mèempei oè qheit ~gmi o` }idt`~t`}gýj `j apjmgýj o` eh og}hjmgh w eh kh}h `xpgqhe`j` o` _J_* Eh pgeg|hmgýj oè mijm`~i o` kh}h `xpgqhe`j` o` _J_ t`}peh kpw mijq`jg`j` ~it mphji }` og}~ij` o` `r`j}h gjaitkhmgýj }idt` ei} à`mi} mhp}hoi} ~it eh `r~ei}gýj o` oga`t`j`} mhjgoho`} o` `}` ~io`ti}i `r~ei}gqi* ]gj `kdhtfi eh }gkgegpo `jt` eh `r~ei}gýj o` pjh jpd` o` fh} ji mijagjhoh w eh o` pjh kh}h o` _J_ ji `} ihek`j` `xpgqhe`j`* Eh} oga`t`jmgh} kè} jihde`} }ij<

” Eh mhtfh o` _J_ `} ~pjphe kg`jth} xp` eh jpd` o` fh} imp~h pj qiepk`j tèhgqhk`j` fthjo`* ” Eh} }idt`~t`}gij`} ~tiopmgoh} `j eh `r~ei}gýj o` _J_ }ij kpmbi khwit`} `j eh} ~tirgkgoho`} oè m`jti o` eh `r~ei}gýj xp` `j è mh}i o` QM@* ” Eh opthmgýj o` eh ijoh o` mbixp` `} khwit `j eh} `r~ei}gij`} o` jpd`} o` fh}* _`jg`joi `j mp`jh ei hj`tgit }` mij}go`th xp` è kçioi o` mèempei dh}hoi `j eh `xpgqhe`jmgh `j _J_ o` eh kh}h o` fh} gjaehkhde` }iehk`j` t`}peh h~ti~ghoi ~hth è mèempei o` }idt`~t`}gij`} ap`th o` ei} eëkg`} o` eh jpd` `j ~pji} tèhgqhk`j` he`lhoi} oè m`jti o` eh `r~ei}gýj* D*?*4

o` pj E ë xpgoi `j @dpeegmg ýj @r~ei}gý j o` ei} Qh~it`} `j @r~hj}g ýj E@Q@ ‛ ' " ―D

@}` `q`ji ~pò` impttgt mphjoi pj hjxp` i t`mg~g`j` ~t`}ptg|hoi xp` mijg`j` pj eëxpgoi `} }ik`goi ogt`mhk`j` h eh} eehkh} o` pj gjm`jogi `r`tji* Eh} ~htò`} oè t`mg~g`j` ji ―kilhoh}‛ ~it è eëxpgoi mij`jgoi hpk`jhj tè~gohk`j` o` `k~`thpth ~it à`mi oè mheit `r`tji ~`tog`joi }p t`}g}`jmgh bh}h è ~pji `j xp` ji ~pò`j t`}g}gt eh ~t`}g ýj gj`tjh w }` ~tiopm` }p tp~pth `j aitkh qgie`jh* Miki mij}`mp`jmgh gjkòghh }` ~tiopm` pjh ijoh o` mbixp` w eh ~tiw`mmgýj o` kg}ge`} i athfk`ji} k`èegmi} h ~htgt o` eh tipth oè hjxp`*


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