Crim Pro Digest.docx

4. People vs. Nitafan, G.R. Nos. 107964-66, (1999) FACTS: ●

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Jan. Jan. 9, 1992: 1992: 3 crim crimin inal al infor informa mati tion ons s for for viol violat atio ion n of Sec. 4 of Central an! Circ"lar No. 960, as a#en$e$, in relation to Sec. %4 of R& No. '6 were filed against against private respon$ent #el$a *arcos efore !TC "asig #r. # r. 1+Pasi$ Pasi $ % &nform &nformati ation ons s amend amended ed 'rio 'riorr to arraig arraignme nment nt "riv "rivat ate e res res'o 'ond nden entt plea$e$ not "ilt After After arraign arraignmen ment, t, "anel "anel of "rosec( "rosec(to tors rs from )*J and Sol+en Sol+en filed filed se'arat se'arate e #otions for consoli$ation of 3 informat information ions s 'ending efore efore r. 1+-Pasi and 21 oter cases 'ending in i n !TC -anila # r. '6-*anila$ '6-*anila$ % Sol+e l+en alleg llege ed:  &ndicta &ndictale le acts acts (nder (nder 3 inform informatio ations ns form form 'art 'art of and and is relate related d to te transaction com'lained of in criminal cases in -anila  "asig "asig and and -anila -anila cases cases relate relate to series series of transa transacti ctions ons devis devised ed / "res. -arcos and wife to ide teir ill0gotten wealt % r. 1+-Pasi: 1+-Pasi : granted motion 'rovided no oection from !TC -anila (dge % r. '6-*anila: '6-*anila: 3 informations informations were re0raffled and re0assigned instead to r. '-*anila 'resided '-*anila 'resided / "$e Nitafan  !e0n( !e0n(me mered red crimin criminal al cases cases:: 92 19 1942 42044 044 J(l/ 2, 2, 1992: 1992: 5ito(t 5ito(t 'rivate 'rivate res'on res'onden dentt ta6ing ta6ing an/ action action or or filing an/ an/ motion motion to 7(as informations, res'ondent (dge iss(ed 2 orders % 1st or$er or$er : Sow Sow ca(se ca(se w/ Crim Crim Case Case 9201 92019 942 42 so( so(ld ld not not e dismissed on te gro(nd tat it violates ex post p ost facto fac to law  8*f 8*ffic ficial ial '(li '(licat cation ions s reveals reveals tat tat C; Circ(l Circ(lar ar 9< is dated dated 21 *ctoer 19=3 and tat said reg(lator/ iss(ance was im'erfectl/ '(lised in te Jan(ar/ 3, 19=4 iss(e of te *fficial +a>ette.8  )ate )ate of viola violati tion on in te info inform rmat atio ion n was 'rior 'rior to te date date and and com'le com'lete te '(li '(lica catio tion n of te te Circ(l Circ(lar ar carge carged d to ave ave een een violat violated ed,, te te inform informat ation ion in tis tis case case a''e a''ears ars 'erem 'erem't 'tori oril/ l/ dismissile % 'n$ or$er : Sow ca(se w/ Crim Cases 9201943044 so(ld not e dismissed on te gro(nd tat rigt to do(le eo'ard/ was violated  3 cas cases es 'end 'endin ing g ef efor ore e r. '6-*anila constit(te '6-*anila constit(te one contin(o(s crime  To se'a se'ara rate tel/ l/ 'ros 'rosec ec(t (te e 'riv 'rivat ate e res' res'on onde dent nt for for a seri series es of transaction wo(ld endow it wit te 8f(nctional ailit/ of a worm m(lti'lication or amoea re'rod(ction8  &melda &melda wo(ld wo(ld e (nd( (nd(l/ l/ ve?ed ve?ed wit m(lti'le m(lti'le eo'ard/ eo'ard/ "rosec( "rosec(tion tion com'li com'lied ed wit wit twin sow sow ca(se ca(se orders orders accom' accom'anie anied d / motion motion to iniit res'ondent (dge A(g( A(g(st st <, 1992 1992:: !es' !es'on onde dent nt (dge (dge iss( iss(ed ed an orde orderr $enin $enin #otion #otion for consoli$ation of consoli$ation of "asig and -anila cases % Conso Consolid lidati ation on of cases cases (nder (nder !(le !(le 31 of Civ'ro Civ'ro as no co(nte co(nter'a r'art rt in Crim'ro % J(dge J(dge @itafan @itafan state stated d tat tat e is 8more 8more st(dio st(dio(s (s and and discreet discreet,, if not more more s/stematic and metodical,8 tan te 'rosec(tion 8in te andling of

;ATC 1 0 C!&-"!* 0 BSarilingSi6a'!- 0 1

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cases,8 it wo(ld e (nfair to (st '(ll o(t te case wen e ad alread/ st(died it J(dge @itafan $is#isse$ te $is#isse$ te 3 criminal cases #and oter cases efore r. '6*anila$ *anila $ % A(g( A(g(st st , , 1992 1992:: =0'a =0'age ged d orde order r  Crim Crim Case Case 9201 92019 942 42 0 C; Circ Circ(la (larr is an an ex post facto law % A(g( A(g(st st 1, 1, 199 1992: 2: 10'a 10'age ged d orde order r  Crim Crim Cases Cases 194 194304 3044 4 0 )o(le )o(le eo' eo'ard ard/ / and 'art 'art of 'oliti 'olitica call vendetta  **As to Br. 26-Manila cases, 26-Manila cases, dismissed also because of double jeopardy also also (continuous (continuous crime)** crime)** "ros "rosec ec(t (tio ion n file filed d 2 se'a se'ara rate te *Rs % Se't Se't.. , , 199 1992: 2: !es'o !es'ond nden entt (dg (dge e $enie$ in $enie$ in a single order #19 'ages$ "etit "etition ioners ers elev elevate ated d te case case for for certi certiora orari ri

&SSDSE): 1. (Main Issue) W/N accused can still file MTQ? NO, MTQ ust !e filed at an" tie !ef#re enterin$ a %lea #r arrai$nent. ●

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GR: GR: @o -TG -TG can can e ente entert rtai aine ned d / co(r co(rtt afte afterr ente enteri ring ng a 'lea 'lea or afte after r arraignment % Sall e de deemed med a /aiver of of te gro(nds of a motion to 7(as C: C: &n te following circ(mstance #gro(nds$ mentioned in Sec. = !(le 11, wic ado'ts omni(s motion r(le % +ro( +ro(nd nds: s: no offe offens nse e car carge ged, d, lac6 lac6 of (ri (risd sdic icti tion on over over te te offe offens nse e carged, e?tinction of te offense or 'enalt/ and eo'ard/ &n te te 're 'resent cas case, private respon$ent plea$e$ to t2e c2ares /it2o"t filin an #otion to 3"as2 % aive$ an$ a5an$one$ 2er ri2t to avail of an/ legal gro(nd gro(nd wic se ma/ ave 'ro'erl/ and timel/ invo6e to callenge te com'laint or information '(rs(ant to Sec. + of R"le 117  Fail(re Fail(re to move to 7(as 7(as or or to allege allege an/ an/ gro(nd gro(nd terefor terefor.. H Te Te fail(re of te acc(sed to assert an/ gro(nd of a motion to 7(as efore e 'leads to te com'laint or information, eiter eca(se e did not file a motion to 7(as or failed to allege te same in is motion, sall e deemed a waiver of te gro(nds of a motion to 7(as

2. (Mai (Main n Issu Issue) e) W/N W/N a &ud$ &ud$e e can can #tu #tu %r#% %r#%ri ri# # init initia iate te t'e t'e dis disis issa sall and and su!seuentl" su!seuentl" disissed a criinal inf#rati#n #r c#%laint c#%laint it'#ut an" #ti#n t# t'at effect !ein$ filed !" t'e accused !ased #n t'e alle$ed *i#lati#n #f t'e latter+s ri$'t a$ainst e %#st fact# la and d#u!le &e#%ard"? NO, ri$'t t# file MTQ !el#n$s t# accused (ec. 1 #f ule 11). ●

@otin @oting g in te te r(les r(les a(to a(tori> ri>es es co(rt co(rt or or (dge (dge to motu proprio initiate proprio initiate -TG if no s(c motion was filed / te acc(sed















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&nde'end &nde'endenc ence e and im'arti im'artialit/ alit/ canno cannott e e?'ected e?'ected from from a magistra magistrate, te, s(c s(c as res'ondent (dge % is s2o/ ca"se or$ers: or$ers : orders dismissing te carges and den/ing te motions for reconsideration stated  &n com'li com'lian ance ce wit te te orders, orders, 'rose 'rosec(t c(tion ion as as no coice coice (t to 'resent arg(ments contradicting tat of res'ondent (dge  &t canno cannott e e?'ec e?'ecte ted d from from res'o res'ond nden entt (dg (dge e to overt overt(r (rn n te te reas reason ons s e reli relied ed ('on ('on in is is dif differe ferent nt orde orders rs wit wito( o(tt contradicting imself % To allow allow (dge (dge to to initiate initiate motion motion (nde (nderr te g(ise g(ise of a s2o/ ca"se or$er wo(ld res(lt in a sit(ation were a magistrate wo is s(''osed to e ne(tral, in effect, acts as co"nsel for t2e acc"se$ and acc"se$ and "$e "$e as as well  Iiol Iiolat ativ ive e of d(e 'roce 'rocess ss wic wic is a f(nd f(ndam amen enta tall rig rigtt of te acc(sed and 'rosec(tion &nitial &nitial act to 7(as 7(as inform informatio ation n is lodged lodged wit acc(s acc(sed ed and not not an a(to a(torit/ rit/ for for te co(rt to ass(me is s(''orted / % Sec. ': ': motion m(st e signed / 8acc(sed8 or 8is co(nsel8 co(rt is 'roscried from considering an/ gro(nd oter tan tose stated in te motion % Sec. %: %: states tat 8te acc(sed8 ma/ file a motion % Sec. +: +: refers to te conse7(ence if 8te acc(sedKK do not file s(c motion neiter te co(rt nor te (dge was mentioned nl ro"n$s ro"n$s wic ic te te co"rt co"rt #a #a consi consi$er $er in resolv resolvin in a *8 *8 an information or com'laint are: % #1$ #1$ +ro( +ro(nd nds s stat stated ed in in te te moti motion on  Tere Tere is a 'roscr 'roscri' i'tio tion n on consi consider derati ation ons s of oter oter gro(nd gro(nds s tan tose s'eciall/ 'leaded in te motion to 7(as 0'remised on te rationale rationale tat te rigt to tese tese defenses defenses are /aiva5le /aiva5le on te 'art of te acc(sed ● aive$: aive$: deemed to ave desired tese matters to e litigated ('on in a f(ll0lown trial % #2$ +ro(n +ro(nd d of lac6 lac6 of (risdic (risdictio tion n over te offe offense nse carg carged, ed, wete weterr or not mentioned in te motion  Act(a Act(all/ ll/,, tis tis so(ld so(ld e eviden evidentt from te face face of te info informa rmatio tion n or com'laint to warrant a dismissal

0. (N#t IMT) W/N t'e $r#unds #f e %#st fact# la and d#u!le &e#%ard" are a%%lica!le? NO. ●

Ex Post Facto aw Facto aw % ver ver/ / law law carr carrie ies s wit wit it te te 'res 'res(m (m't 'tio ion n of cons consti tit( t(tio tiona nali lit/ t/ (nti (ntill oterwise declared / tis co(rt % To r(le r(le ta tat C; Circ Circ(l (lar ar is an e? 'ost 'ost fact facto o law law is to sa/ ta tat it is (nconstit(tional  @eiter @eiter 'rivate 'rivate res'ond res'ondent ent nor Sol+en Sol+en calleng callenges es itit















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@o first first eo'ard eo'ard/ / as /et /et attac attaced ed nor nor an/ eo'a eo'ard/ rd/ termin terminated ated # Sec. 7, 2 R"le 117$ 117$ !es'o !es'ond nden entt (dge (dge as no oter oter asis asis on wete weterr 'riva 'rivate te res'on res'onde dent nt ad alread/ een arraigned, arraigned, m(c less entered a 'lea in cases 'ending efore r. '6-*anila  Ass(m Ass(ming ing tere tere was arraig arraignme nment, nt, first first eo'ard eo'ard/ / did not not attac attac  eca(se tere was no (dgment on te merits #not convicted, ac7(itted nor dismissed or terminated















. :alencia v. San$ian5aan, GR 141%%6, "ne '9 '004 ;&C8S< ● "etition "etitioners ers !odolfo !odolfo +. Ialen Ialencia, cia, "edrito "edrito !e/es, !e/es, !emedi !emedios os -arasigan -arasigan,, ;a/ani ;a/ani Anastacio, Anastacio, !(m(lado ;awasanta, ;awasanta, Jose nri7(e>, nri7(e>, @elson +a(tero, +a(tero, Jose +enilo, Jr., Jose e/nes and Alfonso Dmali were carged wit Iiolation of Section 3#e$ in relation to Section 3#g$ of !A. 319. &nformation filed wit S; reads. ● MMM acc(sed acc(sed ???, all meme memers rs of of te Sangg(n Sangg(niang iang "anlalaw "anlalawigan igan of *rien *riental tal -indoro, and Alfonso I. Dmali, Jr., ten "rovincial Administrator, all of wom are '(lic officials of te 'rovincial government government of *riental -indoro, wile in te 'erforma 'erformance nce of teir teir officia officiall andEor andEor administ administrativ rative e f(nction f(nctions, s, and acting acting in evident evident ad fait fait and manifest manifest 'artialit 'artialit/ /, cons'iri cons'iring ng and confede confederati rating ng wit 'rivate acc(sed ngr. Alfredo -. Atien>a, and m(t(all/ el'ing one anoter, did ten and tere willf(ll/, (nlawf(ll/ and criminall/ give said acc(sed Alfredo -. Atien>a (nwarranted (nwarranted enefit, enefit, 'rivilege and advantage advantage / entering into a grossl/ grossl/ disadvan disadvantage tageo(s o(s contrac contractt of loan, loan, were/ were/ te 'rovinci 'rovincial al f(nds f(nds of *riental *riental -indoro in te s(m of "2,L,. was given to Alfredo -. Atien>a to finance te cost of re'air, o'eration and maintenance of is vessel, tere/ ca(sing te 'rovincial government of *riental -indoro damage and (nd(e in(r/. ● "etit "etition ioners ers filed filed a 8-otio 8-otion n See6i See6ing ng an *rder to Allow Allow Acc( Acc(sed sed to File wit te te *m(dsman -otion for !econsiderationE!einvestigation and to )efer &ss(ance of 5arrant of ArrestN followed / a 8-otion to G(as8 filed / 'etitioner Ialencia on A'ril 14, 199. 3 ● S; gran grante ted d moti motion on for for rein reinve vest stig igat atio ion n and and dire direct cted ed te te *S" *S" to cond cond(c (ctt reinvestigation ● *ffice *ffice of te S'ecia S'eciall "rosec(to "rosec(torE*m rE*m(d (dsman sman iss(ed iss(ed a Joint Joint !esol(ti !esol(tion on werein werein *m(dsman and "rosec(tion ;(rea( )irector Iictorio D. Taang(il a''roved te recommendation of S'ecial "rosec(tion *fficer && -an(el A. Cor'(> tat te moti motion on for for rein reinve vest stig igat atio ion n e deni denied ed (t (t tat tat te te com' com'la lain intt as agai agains nstt mman mman(e (ell ;. ;(en ;(enave avent( nt(ra, ra, Iiole Iioleta ta A. )a7( )a7(is is and and )amte )amte A. -an>o -an>o e dismissed for ins(fficienc/ of evidence. owever, )e'(t/ S'ecial "rosec(tor !oert . Oallos and S'ecial "rosec(tor eonardo ". Tama/o recommended te dismissal of te com'laint against all acc(sed on te gro(nd tat teir liailit/ is civil in nat(re. ● 'rose 'rosec(t c(tion ion filed filed an an Amen Amende ded d &nform &nformat ation ion.. < ● "etition "etitioners ers filed filed wit S; S; -otion -otion for eave eave to File File -! of Joint Joint !esol(tio !esol(tion. n. )enied )enied ● 'etit 'etitio ioner ners s learne learned d tat tat in te te admin administ istrat rative ive case case again against st tem doc6et doc6eted ed as *-;0A)-0109<031<, wic involved te same s(ect matter as te criminal case, te *m(dsman dismissed te com'laint against tem after finding tat te contract of loan was entered into in '(rs(ance of te 'olice 'ower of te local local cief cief e?ec( e?ec(tiv tive. e. &nvo6 &nvo6ing ing tis !esol !esol(ti (tion on,, 'etit 'etition ioners ers filed wit wit te Sandigana/an -! of te *rder dated J(ne 23, 1999 andEor -otion to !esolve -otion to G(as &nformation. S; denied te -otion. ● 'etition 'etition for certi certiorar orarii (nder (nder !(le !(le














2. facts allege alleged d in te informatio information n ave alread/ alread/ ecome ecome moot moot and academic academic and no longer constit(te an offense 3. @o satisfac satisfactor/ tor/ reason reason was given given / te res'ond res'ondent ent *m(ds *m(dsman man in dela/ing dela/ing inordinatel/ #close to tree 3 /ears$ te filing of te information against te 'etitioners. Te gro(nds on wic a com'laint or information ma/ e 7(ased are: #F*CDS) *@ B1$ 1. Tat te te facts facts carge carged d do not not constit( constit(te te an offe offense nse 2. Tat te co(rt tr/ing tr/ing te case as as no (risdiction over te offense offense carged carged 3. Tat Tat te co(r co(rtt tr/i tr/ing ng te te case case as as no (risd (risdic icti tion on over over te te 'ers 'erson on of te te acc(sed 4. Tat te officer wo wo filed te information information ad ad no a(torit/ a(torit/ to do so L. Tat it does does not confo conform rm s(stant s(stantiall iall/ / to te 'rescri 'rescried ed form form <. Tat more more tan one offen offense se is carged carged e?ce't e?ce't wen a single '(nis '(nismen mentt for vario(s offenses is 'rescried / law . Tat te te criminal criminal action action or liailit liailit/ / as een een e?ting(is e?ting(ised ed =. Tat Tat it contai contains ns avermen averments ts wic, wic, if tr(e, tr(e, wo(ld wo(ld const constit( it(te te a legal legal e?c(se e?c(se or (stification (stification and 9. Tat Tat te acc(s acc(sed ed as een een 'revio( 'revio(sl/ sl/ convict convicted ed or ac7(i ac7(itte tted d of te offen offense se carge carged, d, or te te case case again against st im was was dismi dismisse ssed d or ote oterwi rwise se termin terminate ated d wito(t is e?'ress consent. ●

Save Save were were te !(les !(les e?'res e?'ressl/ sl/ 'ermit 'ermit te inves investig tigati ation on of facts facts alleged alleged in a motion to 7(as, te general r(le is tat in te earing of s(c motion onl/ s(c facts as are alleged in te information, and tose admitted / te 'rosec(tor, so(ld e ta6en into acco(nt in te resol(tion tereof. -atters of defense can not e 'rod(ced d(ring te earing of s(c motions, e?ce't were te r(les e?'ressl/ 'ermit, s(c as e?tinction of criminal liailit/, 'rescri'tion and former eo'ard/. eo'ard/. *terwise '(t, facts wic constit(te te defense of te acc(sed against te carge (nder te information m(st e 'roved / tem d(ring trial. S(c facts or circ(mstances do not constit(te 'ro'er gro(nds for a motion to 7(as 7(as te te inform informat ation ion on te te gro(n gro(nd d tat tat te mater material ial averm avermen ents ts do not not constit(te te offense. ● +!: a motion motion to 7(as 7(as on on te gro(n gro(nd d tat te te allegati allegations ons of te te informa information tion do do not constit(te te offense carged, or an/ offense for tat matter, so(ld e resolved on te asis alone of said allegations wose tr(t and veracit/ are /'oteticall/ admitted. Te information need onl/ state te (ltimate facts te reasons terefor co(ld e 'roved d(ring te trial ● Te f(nd f(ndame amenta ntall test in reflecti reflecting ng on te viaili viailit/ t/ of a motio motion n to 7(as 7(as (nder (nder tis 'artic(lar gro(nd is weter or not te facts asseverated, if /'oteticall/ admitted, wo(ld estalis te essential elements of te crime defined in te law. &n tis e?amination, matters ali(nde are not considered. ===8< in7( in7(ir ir/ / into into fact facts s o(ts o(tsid ide e te te info inform rmat atio ion n ma/ ma/ e allo allowe wed d wer were e te te 'rosec(tion does not oect to te 'resentation tereof. For a case to fall (nder te

















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ere, ere, 'etitione 'etitioners rs are carged carged wit wit violatio violation n of Section Section 3#e$, 3#e$, in relation relation to 3#g$, 3#g$, of !A@o. 319

82e ele#ents of t2e cri#e of violation of Section % (e) are t2e follo/in< 1. Te acc(sed acc(sed is a '(li '(lic c offic officer er disc discarg argin ing g admin administ istrat rative ive,, (dici (dicial al or offic official ial f(nctions 2. e m(st ave acted acted wit manifest manifest 'artialit/ 'artialit/,, evident evident ad fait or ine?c(sal ine?c(sale e negligence and 3. is action action as ca(sed ca(sed (nd(e in(r/ in(r/ to an/ 'art/, 'art/, incl(ding incl(ding te +overnme +overnment, nt, or as given an/ 'art/ an/ (nwarranted enefit, advantage or 'reference in te discarge of is f(nctions. 29 ele#ents of t2e cri#e of violation of Section %() are< 1. Te off offen ende derr is a '(lic '(lic off office icer r 2. e enters enters into a contract or transaction transaction on on ealf ealf of te te government government and and 3. Te contract contract or transact transaction ion is grossl/ grossl/ and manifestl manifestl/ / disadvanta disadvantageo geo(s (s to te government. 3 ●

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All te aove aove elemen elements ts are averred averred in inform informat ation ion.. &t s(ffic s(fficien ientl/ tl/ allege alleges s tat tat 'etition 'etitioners ers are '(lic '(lic official officials s discarg discarging ing officia officiall or adminis administrati trative ve f(nction f(nctions s wo, in evident ad fait and wit manifest 'artialit/, entered into a grossl/ disadvantageo(s contract on ealf of te government wit a 'rivate 'erson wic gives te latter (nwarranted enefit and advantage. "etiti tition one ers inv invo6e te te earlie rlierr !esol( sol(ti tio on of te te *m(dsma sman wic ic recomm recommen ende ded d te dismis dismissal sal of te te case case again against st tem. tem. Tere, Tere, te te +raft +raft &nvestigation *fficer o'ined tat te contract of loan e?tended / 'etitioners to ngr. Alfredo -. Atien>a for te re'air, maintenance and o'eration of te latterKs motor vessel was necessar/ for te trans'ortation needs of te inaitants of te "rovince of *riental -indoro, wic ad (st s(ffered tree s(ccessive t/'o t/'oon ons. s. Te Te loan loan of 'rovin 'rovincia ciall f(nds f(nds was was s('' s(''ose osedl/ dl/ e?ten e?tende ded d / te te Sangg(niang "anlalawigan of *riental -indoro (nder Section 4<= of !.A. 1< #Te #Te oca ocall +ove +overnm rnmen entt Code Code of 1991 1991$, $, '(rs( '(rs(an antt to te +ene +eneral ral 5elfa 5elfare re 'rovision emodied in Section 1< tereof, owever owever,, te !esol(t !esol(tion ion m(st m(st e estalis estalised ed as teir teir defens defense e d(ring d(ring te trial. trial. &t was not even offered and admitted as evidence / te Sandigana/an. &t was merel/ attaced to 'etitionersK 8S(''lemental "leading in S(''ort of -otion to

















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evidence. 5ile tat ma/ e tr(e, it so(ld li6ewise e stressed tat te asis of admi admini nist stra rati tive ve lia liail ilit it/ / diff differ ers s from from crim crimin inal al lia liail ilit it/ /. Te Te '(r' '(r'os ose e of administrative administrative 'roceedings is mainl/ to 'rotect te '(lic service, ased on te time0onored 'rinci'le tat a '(lic office is a '(lic tr(st. *n te oter and, te '(r'ose of te criminal 'rosec(tion is te '(nisment of crime -ore -oreov over er,, one one of te te gro( gro(nd nds s for for te te dism dismis issa sall of te te admi admini nist stra rati tive ve case case against against 'etitioners 'etitioners is te fact tat tat te/ te/ were reelected reelected to office. office. &ndeed, &ndeed, a reele reelecte cted d local local offic official ial ma/ not not e eld eld admin administ istrat rative ivel/ l/ acco(n acco(nta tale le for for miscond(ct committed d(ring is 'rior term of office. owever, te re0election of a '(lic official e?ting(ises e?ting(ises onl/ te administrative, administrative, (t not te criminal, liailit/ inc(rred / im d(ring is 'revio(s term of office. Ter Tere e is, is, t(s t(s,, no reas reason on for te te Sand Sandig igan ana a/a /an n to 7(as 7(as  te te &nfo &nform rmat atio ion n against 'etitioners on te asis solel/ of te dismissal of te administrative com'laint against tem. Te r(lin r(ling g in Tata Tatad d on inordina inordinate te dela/ dela/ does does not a''l/ a''l/ ere. ere. &n tat tat case, case, te dela/ was e?acerated / te fact tat te carges against 'etitioner were fo(nd to e 'oliticall/ motivated. &n te case at ar, tere is no indication tat te com'laint against 'etitioners 'etitioners was filed to serve 'olitical ends. @eiter is te dela/ ve?atio(s, ca'ricio(s or o''ressive. *n te contrar/, wat a''ears is tat te 'rosec(tors e?ercised e?treme care in verif/ing, eval(ating and assessing te carges against 'etitioners efore ma6ing a finding of 'roale ca(se.

















6. People v. Garfin, G.R. No. 1%176, ('004) FACTS: ● Seraf Serafin in Saall Saalleg( eg(e e was carged carged wit violat violation ion of Sectio Section n 22 #a$ in relat relation ion to Sections 19 #$ and 2= #e$ of !A @o. =2=2, or te Social Sec(rit/ Act. ● Seraf Serafin in is a 'ro'ri 'ro'rieto etorr of Saalle Saalleg(e g(e "rintin "rinting g "ress. "ress. Te &nforma &nformatio tion n carg carged ed im of (nlaw (nlawf(l f(ll/ l/ ref(s ref(sing ing and faili failing ng to remit remit te 'remi(m 'remi(ms s d(e d(e for is is em'lo/ee to te SSS in te amo(nt of "' <,L33., re'resenting SSS and C 'remi(ms for te 'eriod from Jan(ar/ 199 to )ecemer 1999 and te 3P 'enal 'enalt/ t/ 'er 'er mont mont for for late late remitt remittan ance ce in te te amo( amo(nt nt of "' "' 11,143 1,143.2= .2=. . com'(ted as of 1L -arc 2, des'ite lawf(l demands. ● Te &nform &nformati ation on contain contains s a certi certific ficati ation on signed signed / State State "rosec "rosec(to (torr !om(lo !om(lo Tolentino. ● Te case case was raffle raffled d to !TC of of @aga Cit/ Cit/,, 'resided 'resided / J(dge J(dge Qeida Qeida +arfin +arfin.. ● Serafin Serafin was ten ten arraig arraigned ned and and 'leaded 'leaded not not g(ilt/ g(ilt/ to te te carge, carge, and and te case case was set for 're0trial. ● Tree Tree da/s terea tereafter fter,, Serafin Serafin filed filed a motion to dismis dismiss s on te gro(nd gro(nd tat tat te &nformation was filed wito(t te 'rior written a(torit/ or a''roval of te cit/ 'rosec(tor as re7(ired (nder Section 4, !(le 112 of te !evised !(les of Co(rt. ● Te Te !TC gran grante ted d te te moti motion on,, notw notwit its sta tand ndin ing g defe defend ndan antR tRs s 'lea 'lead d to te te &nformation, on te asis of !(le 112, Section 4, wic sa/s: ● @o com' com'la lain intt or info inform rmat atio ion n ma/ ma/ e file filed d or dism dismis isse sed d / an inve invest stig igat atin ing g 'rosec(tor 'rosec(tor wito(t te 'rior written a(torit/ or a''roval of te 'rovincial or cit/ 'rosec(tor or cief state 'rosec(tor or te *m(dsman or is de'(t/. ● Te !TC !TC cited tat tat te &nfor &nformat matio ion n will readil readil/ / sow tat tat it as as not com'lie com'lied d wit tis r(le as it as not een a''roved / te Cit/ "rosec(tor. F(rter, te !TC r(led tat 7(estions of want of (risdiction ma/ e raised at an/ stage of te 'roceedings. For te !TC, te filing of a valid information goes into te matter of (risdiction of te co(rt. ● For "rosec(t "rosec(tor or Tolen Tolentino tino,, e arg(ed arg(ed tat tat im eing eing d(l/ design designated ated to assist assist te Cit/ "rosec(tor in te investigation and 'rosec(tion 'rosec(tion of all SSS cases / te !egional State "rosec(tor "rosec(tor as alter ego of te Secretar/ of J(stice in !egion I, I, ten tat a(torit/ ma/ e given to oter tan te Cit/ "rosec(tor. F(rter, "rosec(tor Tolentino a''ended a notation wic notation wic states tat te Cit/E "rovincial

















(1) W'et'er W'et'er r#secut#r r#secut#r T#lentin# T#lentin# still still needs needs t'e aut'#ri9a aut'#ri9ati#n ti#n #f t'e cit" #r %r#*incial %r#*incial %r#secut#r %r#secut#r in filin$ t'e t'e Inf#rati#n? Inf#rati#n? :. :. ● *n te 'art 'art of "rosec( "rosec(tor tor Tolen Tolentino tino,, e arg(es arg(es tat tat te a''rov a''roval al of te cit/ cit/ or 'rovincial 'rosec(tor is no longer re7(ired eca(se: ● Te !egion !egional al State State "rosec( "rosec(tor tor as direc directed ted te cit/ cit/ or 'rovinc 'rovincial ial 'rosec( 'rosec(tor tor to iniit from andling SSS cases ● ett etter er of !egi !egion onal al Stat State e "ros "rosec ec(t (tor or Sant Santia iago go T(rin (ringa gan n to SSS SSS !egi !egion onal al )irector in @aga Cit/ ● Co'ies Co'ies of !egion !egional al *rders *rders @o. 90240A 90240A and and 210 21033 33 dated dated J(l/ 14, 199 199 and and Se'te Se'teme merr 2=, 2=, 21 21,, res'e res'ecti ctivel vel/ /, sowin sowing g te te desig designa natio tion n of State State "rosec(tor Tolentino as s'ecial 'rosec(tor for SSS cases in !egion I. ● Te SC disag disagreed reed wit "rosec( "rosec(tor tor Tolentino olentino.. ● Te SC ten ten listed listed te 'owe 'owers rs of te !egio !egional nal State State "rosec( "rosec(tion tion *ffic *ffice e (nder (nder "residential )ecree @o. 12L: Sec. =. Te !egional State "rosec(tion *ffice: F(nctions of !egional State "rosec(tor. H Te !egional State "rosec(tor sall, (nder te control of te Secretar/ of J(stice, ave te following f(nctions: a$ &m'lement 'olicies, 'lans, 'rograms, memoranda, orders, circ(lars and r(les and reg(lations of te )e'artment of J(stice relative to te investigation and 'rosec(tion of criminal cases in is region. $ ?ercise i##e$iate i##e$iate a$#inistrative a$#inistrative s"pervision s"pervision over over all 'rovincial and cit/ fiscals and oter 'rosec(ting officers of 'rovinces and cities com'rised witin is region. c$ "rosec(te an/ case arising witin te region. d$ 5it res'ect to is regional office and te offices of te 'rovincial and cit/ fiscals witin is region, e sall: 1$ A''oint s(c memer of s(ordinate s(ordinate officers and em'lo/ees em'lo/ees as ma/ e necessar/ and a''rove transfers of s(ordinate 'ersonnel witin te (risdiction of te regional regional office. office. 2$ &nves &nvestig tigate ate admin administ istra rativ tive e com'la com'lain ints ts agai against nst fiscal fiscals s and and oter oter 'rosec(ting officers witin is region and s(mit is recommendation tereo tereon n to te te Secre Secretar tar/ / of J(stic J(stice e wo sall, sall, after after revie review w tere tereof, of, s(mit te a''ro'riate recommendation to te *ffice of te "resident: "rovided, tat were te Secretar/ of J(stice finds ins(fficient gro(nds for te filing of carges, e ma/ render a decision of dismissal tereof.

















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'erformance eval(ation and ins'ection to determine com'liance wit 'olicies, standards and g(idelines of te de'artment to ta6e s(c action as ma/ e necessar/ for te 'ro'er 'erformance of official f(nctions, incl(ding rectification of violations, a(ses and oter forms of maladministration and to review and 'ass ('on (dget 'ro'osals of s(c agencies (t ma/ not increase or add to tem.8 n t2e ot2er 2an$, t2e po/er of >s"pervision an$ control> wic incl(des te a(torit/ 8to act directl/ wenever a s'ecific f(nction is entr(sted / law or reg(la reg(latio tion n to a s(o s(ordi rdinat nate e direc directt te te 'erfo 'erforma rmanc nce e of d(t/ d(t/ restra restrain in te commission of acts review, a''rove, reverse or modif/ acts and decisions of s(ordinate officials or (nits determine 'riorities in te e?ec(tion of 'lans and 'rograms and 'rescrie standards, g(idelines, 'lans and 'rograms.8 "rosec( "rosec(tor tor Tolen Tolentino tino canno cannott lean on te te cases cases of +alve> +alve> and Sance Sance>. >. &n tose tose cases, te s'ecial 'rosec(tors were acting (nder te directive of te Secretar/ of J(stice. Te/ were a''ointed in accordance wit law. @owere in ".). @o. 12L is te regional state 'rosec(tor granted te 'ower to a''oint a s'ecial 'rosec(t 'rosec(tor or armed armed wit te a(torit a(torit/ / to file an informat information ion wito(t te 'rior 'rior written a(torit/ or a''roval of te cit/ or 'rovincial 'rosec(tor or cief state 'rosec(tor. &n te case case at ar, ar, ter tere e is no 'rete 'retens nse e tat tat a dire direct ctiv ive e was was iss( iss(ed ed / te Secretar/ of J(stice to !egional State "rosec(tor T(ringan to investigate andEor 'rosec(te SSS cases filed witin is territorial (risdiction. A are reading of te alleged letter of commendation / ten Secretar/ ernando "ere> wo(ld sow tat it does not amo(nt to a directive or even a recognition of tis a(torit/. &n fact, wile te letter of Secretar/ "ere> commends commends te efforts of !egional State "rosec(tor "rosec(tor T(ringan in s(ccessf(ll/ 'rosec(ting SSS cases, it also negates is a(to a(torit rit/ / to 'rose 'rosec(t c(te e tem. tem. Secre Secretar tar/ / "ere> "ere> called called te !egio !egiona nall State State "rosec(torKs "rosec(torKs attention to )*J Circ(lar @o. 2, series of 21, wic states tat all all im'o im'ort rtan antt case cases s of te te SSS SSS so( so(ld ld e refe referr rred ed to te te *ffi *ffice ce of te te +overnme +overnment nt Cor'orat Cor'orate e Co(nsel Co(nsel.. T(s, T(s, !egiona !egionall State State "rosec( "rosec(tor tor T(ring T(ringan an cannot e considered a s'ecial 'rosec(tor witin te meaning of te law.

(2) W'et'e W'et'err %ri#r %ri#r ritt ritten en aut'# aut'#rit rit" " and and a%%r# a%%r#*a *all #f t'e cit" cit" #r %r#*in %r#*incia cial l %r#secut#r #r c'ief state state %r#secut#r %r#secut#r is necessar" necessar" in filin$ t'e t'e Inf#rati#n Inf#rati#n at !ar? :.



















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flawed. Te SC noted tat tis defect is not a mere remediale defect of form, (t a defect tat co(ld not e c(red. Te 2 2 !evised !evised !(les !(les of Crimina Criminall "roced(re "roced(re 'rovi 'rovide de for lac6 lac6 of a(tor a(torit/ it/ of te filing officer as among te gro(nds for a motion to 7(as and te waiver of tese gro(nds. Te !evised !(les en(merate te e?ce'tions from te waiver, namel/: #a$ tat te facts carged do not constit(te an offense #$ tat te co(rt tr/ing te case as no (risdiction over te offense carged carged #c$ tat te criminal action or liailit/ as een e?ting(ised and #d$ tat te acc(sed as een 'revio(sl/ convicted or ac7(itted of te offense carged, or te case against im was dismissed or oterwise terminated wito(t is e?'ress consent. Dnder te regime of te 2 !evised !(les, te SC reiterated te Villa r(ling Villa r(ling in te aove0cited Romualdez case. case. &n s(m, t2e SC 2el$ t2at, in t2e a5sence of a $irective fro# t2e Secretar of "stice $esinatin State Prosec"tor 8olentino as Special Prosec"tor for SSS SSS case cases s or a prior prior /ritte /ritten n approv approval al of t2e infor#a infor#atio tion n 5 t2e provincial or cit prosec"tor , prosec"tor , te information in Criminal Case @o. !TC 210 L9 was filed / an officer wito(t wito(t a(torit/ to file te same. As tis infirmit/ in te informat information ion constit constit(tes (tes a (risdict (risdictiona ionall defect defect tat tat cannot cannot e c(red, c(red, te res'ondent (dge did not err in dismissing te case for lac6 of (risdiction.



















7. vler v. *o$esto-San Pe$ro, G.R. No.17'716, ('010) FACTS: ● Following Following a veic(l veic(lar ar collision collision in A(g(st A(g(st 24, 24, 'etitione 'etitionerr Jason &vler &vler #'etition #'etitioner$ er$ was carged efore te -eTC ;ranc , wit two se'arate offenses: % #1$ !ec6les !ec6less s &m'r(den &m'r(dence ce !es(lti !es(lting ng in Sligt Sligt "/sica "/sicall &n(ries &n(ries #Crimin #Criminal al Case Case @o. @o. +'%67$ +'%67 $ for in(ries s(stained / res'ondent vangeline . "once #res'ondent "once$ and % #2$ #2$ !ec6 !ec6le less ss &m' &m'r(de r(denc nce e !es( !es(lt ltin ing g in omi omici cide de and and )ama )amage ge to "ro'ert/ #Criminal Case @o. +'%66 @o. +'%66$$ for te deat of res'ondent "onceKs (sand @estor C. "once and damage to te s'o(ses "onceKs veicle. ● "etit "etition ioner er 'lead 'leaded ed g(ilt/ g(ilt/ to te carg carge e in Crimin Criminal al Case Case @o. =23< =23< and was meted o(t te 'enalt/ of '(lic cens(re. ● &nvo6 &nvo6ing ing tis tis convi convicti ction on,, 'etit 'etition ioner er #ove$ to 3"as2 te 3"as2 te &nformation in Criminal Case @o. =23<< for 'lacing im in eo'ard/ of second '(nisment '(nisment for te same offense of rec6less im'r(dence. % Te Te -eTC ref(s ref(sed ed 7(as 7(asal, al, findin finding g no identit identit/ / of offens offenses es in te two cases ● After After (ns(ccess (ns(ccessf(ll f(ll/ / see6ing see6ing reconside reconsiderati ration, on, 'etitio 'etitioner ner elevated elevated te te matter matter to te !TC of "asig Cit/, ;ranc 1L, in a 'etition for certiorari #S.C.A. @o. 2=3$. % -ean -eanw wil ile, e, 'eti 'etiti tion oner er so(g so(gt t from from te te -eTC -eTC te te s(s' s(s'en ensi sion on of 'roceedings in Criminal Case @o. =23<<, incl(ding te arraignment on 1 -a/ 2L, invo6ing S.C.A. @o. 2=3 as a 're(dicial 7(estion. % 5ito 5ito(t (t acting acting on 'etitio 'etitione nerKs rKs motion motion,, te -eTC 'rocee 'roceede ded d wit te



















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ecomes more evident wen one considers te !(les of Co(rtKs treatment of a defendant wo asents imself from 'ost0arraignment earings % Dnder Dnder Section Section 21, 21, !(le 114 114 of te te !evised !evised !(les !(les of Crimin Criminal al "roced( "roced(re, re, te defendantKs asence merel/ renders is ondsman ondsman 'otentiall/ liale on its ond #s(ect to cancellation so(ld te ondsman fail to 'rod(ce te acc(sed witin 3 da/s$ % te defend defendant ant retain retains s is standing standing and, and, so(ld so(ld e e fail to s(rren s(rrender der,, will e tried in asentia and co(ld e convicted or ac7(itted F(rter F(rter,, te !TCKs !TCKs oservat oservation ion tat tat 'etitione 'etitionerr 'rovided 'rovided 8no e?'lana e?'lanation tion w/ w/ e failed to attend te sced(led 'roceeding8 at te -eTC is elied / te records. )a/s efore te arraignment, 'etitioner so(gt te s(s'ension of te -eTCKs 'roceedings in Criminal Case @o. =23<< in ligt of is 'etition wit te !TC in S.C.A. @o. 2=3. Following te -eTCKs ref(sal to defer arraignment

2. 4#es etiti#ner+s etiti#ner+s ;#n*icti#n in ;riinal ;riinal ;ase N#. <206 !ar 'is %r#secuti#n %r#secuti#n in ;riinal ;ase N#. <2066? : (M3IN) ● !ec6 !ec6le less ss im'r im'r(d (den ence ce is a sing single le crim crime, e, its its cons conse7 e7(e (enc nces es on 'ers 'erson ons s and and 'ro'ert/ are material onl/ to determine te 'enalt/ % "rior "rior convi convicti ction on or ac7(i ac7(itta ttall of rec6less rec6less im'r(d im'r(den ence ce ars s(se7 s(se7(e (ent nt 'rosec(tion for te same G(asi0*ffense ● Te Te two two car carge ges s agai agains nstt 'eti 'etiti tion oner er,, aris arisin ing g from from te te same same fact facts, s, were were 'rosec(ted (nder te same 'rovision of te !evised "enal Code, as amended, namel/, Article 3ing 7(asi0offenses. % tese tese nine 'aragr 'aragra' a's s in Art Art 3


















%

im'r(d im'r(den ence ce res(l res(ltin ting g in dama damage ge to 'ro'e 'ro'ert/ rt/ des'i des'ite te is 'revio 'revio(s (s conviction for m(lti'le '/sical in(ries arising from te same rec6less o'eration of a motor veicle ('on wic te second 'rosec(tion was ased. At an/ an/ rate, rate, all do(ts do(ts on on tis matte matterr were laid laid to rest rest in 19=2 19=2 in ;(era ;(erano no case  'rev 'reven ents ts acc( acc(se sed d of ein eing g 'ros 'rosec ec(t (ted ed for for seri serio( o(s s '/s '/sic ical al in(ri in(ries es tro( tro(g g rec6le rec6less ss im'r(d im'r(den ence ce in te Co(rt Co(rt of First First &nstance of te 'rovince, were ot carges are derived from te conse7(ences of one and te same veic(lar accident,eca(se te second acc(sation 'laces te a''ellant in second eo'ard/ for te same offense.  T(s T(s,, for for all all inte intent nts s and and '(r' '(r'os oses es,, ;(er ;(eran ano o ad ad effe effect ctiv ivel el/ / overr(led sti'ona.

0. 4#es 3rticle >< a%%l" t# acts %enali9ed under 3rticle 06 #f ;? NO ● Article Article 4= is a 'roced(ra 'roced(rall device device allowing allowing single single 'rosec( 'rosec(tion tion of m(lti'l m(lti'le e felonies felonies falling (nder eiter of two categories: % #1$ #1$ wen wen a sing single le act const constit it(t (tes es two or more more grave grave or less less grav grave e felonies #t(s e?cl(ding from its o'eration ligt felonies$ and % #2$ wen wen an offe offense nse is a neces necessar/ sar/ means means for for committi committing ng te oter oter.. ● &n contrast, contrast, Article Article 3 'enali>ing ing not an an act defined defined as a felon/ (t 8te mental attit(de . . . eind te act, te dangero(s rec6lessness, lac6 of care or foresigt a single mental attit(de regardless of te res(lting conse7(ences. T(s, Article 3






































+. People v. &renas  on?o, G.R. No. '1%9+, ('016) FACTS: ●

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Te acc(se acc(sed d was was carg carged ed wit (nlaw (nlawf(l f(ll/ l/ selling selling two #2$ eat0se eat0seale aled d 'last 'lastic ic sacets sacets of -etam' -etam'eta etamine mine /droclo /drocloride ride #Sa($. #Sa($. Acc(sed Acc(sed was also in 'oss 'osses esio ion n #wit #wit  inte intent nt to sell sell$$ one one #1$ #1$ eat eat0s 0sea eale led d 'las 'lasti tic c sac sacet et of metam'etamine metam'etamine /drocloride. /drocloride. Te acc(sed 'leaded not g(ilt/ to te crimes card. Te eviden evidence ce estali estalised sed tat tat sometim sometime e in J(l/ 21, 21, "S& "S& lamas lamas of te S(al S(al "olice Station, "angasinan, started cond(cting a s(rveillance of te alleged illegal dr(g0selling activities of te acc(sed0a''ellant. acc(sed0a''ellant. A (/0(st (/0(st o'eration was cond(cted on te a''ellant wo agreed to deliver te dr(gs in front of as ;risas S(division. "*3 !imando was te designated 'ose(r0(/er. % Te Te a''ell a''ellan antt was descri descrie ed d as a woman woman of ao(t ao(t 4 to L feet tall tall and





















&SSDSE): 1. Is t'e a%%e a%%ellan llantt $uilt" $uilt" #f sellin sellin$ $ ille$al ille$al dru$s? dru$s? :. :. ● Te follo followin wing g eleme elements nts m(st m(st e 'rov 'roved ed:: #1$ Te identities identities of e (/er (/er and seller #2$ Te oect oect of te sale and te te consideration consideration and and #3$ Te deliver/ of of te ting sold sold and te 'a/ment 'a/ment for te ting. ting. ● 5at 5at is mater material ial is te 'roof 'roof tat tat te transac transactio tion n or sale sale act(all/ act(all/ too6 too6 'lace, 'lace, co('led wit te 'resentation of te cor'(s delicti. % ere, ere, !imando !imando 'ositivel 'ositivel/ / identified identified te te a''ellan a''ellant. t. A''el A''ellant lantRs Rs deliver/ deliver/ of te te sa sa( ( and and er er rece recei' i'tt of te te mar6 mar6ed ed mone mone/ / s(cc s(cces essf sf(l (ll/ l/ cons(mmated te (/0(st transaction. Te sa( and mar6ed mone/ were also 'resented in Co(rt. % !imando !imando also also testifi testified ed tat tat was ale ale to recove recoverr anoter anoter 'last 'lastic ic sacet sacet of





















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Alto(g Alto(g  te &nformat &nformation ion carged carged two two offense offenses s wic is a violatio violation n of Section Section 13, !(le 11, noneteless, Section 3, !(le 12 states tat wen two or more offenses are carged in a single com'laint or information (t te acc(sed fails to oect to it efore trial, te co(rt ma/ convict te a''ellant of as man/ as are carged and 'roved, and im'ose on im te 'enalt/ for eac offense setting o(t se'aratel/ te finding of fact and law in eac offense.N A''ellan A''ellantRs tRs fail(re fail(re to to raise tat tat more more tan one one offense offense was was carged carged in a -otion -otion to G(as efore se 'leaded to te same is deemed a waiver. As a''ellant failed failed to file file an -TG, se se can can e convi convicte cted d of te crime crimes s carg carged ed in te &nformation &nformation if 'roven. Te Te Co(r Co(rtt also also finds finds no meri meritt in te a''el a''ella lant ntRs Rs claim claim tat tat se se cann cannot ot e convicted of illegal 'ossession of illegal dr(gs as its 'ossession is asored in te carge of illegal sale. &t was estalised tat "*3 !imando was ale to recover from a''ellantRs 'ossession anoter anoter 'lastic sacet of sa( wic was not te s(ect of te illegal sale t(s, se co(ld se'aratel/ carged wit illegal





















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da/ to twent/ #2$ /ears and a fine ranging from Tree (ndred To(san To(sand d "esos "esos #"3, #"3,. .$ $ to Fo(r Fo(r (ndred (ndred To(san To(sand d "esos #"4,.$. A''l/ A''l/ing ing te &ndete &ndetermi rminat nate e Sente Sentence nce aw, aw, te minim( minim(m m 'erio 'eriod d of te im'osale 'enalt/ sall not fall elow te minim(m 'eriod set set / te te law law te te ma?i ma?im( m(m m 'eri 'eriod od sal salll not not e?ce e?ceed ed te te ma?im(m 'eriod allowed (nder te law ence, te im'osale 'enalt/ so(ld e witin te range of twelve #12$ /ears and one #1$ da/ to fo(rteen #14$ /ears and eigt #=$ monts.





















9. *a@i#o v. :illapan$o, r. AG.R. No. '149'. &pril '6, '017.B FACTS: ● Tis is a consol consolidat idated ed 'etitio 'etitions ns for review review on certio certiorari rari (nder (nder !4L !4L assailing assailing te te )ecision on J(ne 13, 214 and !esol(tion dated *ctoer 1<, 214 of te CA reversing te )ecision of te !TC in den/ing te -TG filed / Iilla'ando. ● Iill Iilla' a'an ando do is te te assi assign gnee ee of na nanc nced ed lec lectr tron onic ics s and and Comm Comm(n (nic icat atio ions ns Services, &nc. of Condomini(m Dnit @o. 2=21 and 'ar6ing slot at te ega>'i "lace in -a6ati Cit/. "etitioners Jon as6/ ". -a?imo #-a?imo$ and !oert -. "anganian #"anganian$ are )irectors of AS; !ealt/ Cor'oration #now, St. Francis S7(are !ealt/ Cor'.$, te develo'er of te said condomini(m (nit. ● *n @oveme @ovemerr 23, 21, 21, Iilla'a Iilla'ando ndo filed filed efore efore te te *ffice *ffice of te Cit/ Cit/ "rosec( "rosec(tor tor of -a6at -a6atii Cit/ Cit/, a com'la com'lain intt again against st -a?imo -a?imo and and "ang "angani ania an n and and ote oter r directorsEofficers directorsEofficers of AS; !ealt/ Cor'. Cor'. #AS;$ for Iiolation Iiolation of Sections 1, 2 and and 2L of "resid "residen entia tiall )ecre )ecree e #".). #".).$$ @o. 9L, 9L, ote oterwi rwise se 6nown 6nown as te te























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affidavit tat -a?imo was 'art of te 8sceme in te e?ec(tion of te contract to sell.8 "ending "ending resol(t resol(tion ion of te afore aforesaid said motion motion for for 'artial 'artial reconsid reconsiderat eration, ion, a warrant warrant of arrest against Iilla'ando was iss(ed / te -TC. *n *ctoer 14, 211, Iilla Iilla'a 'and ndo o filed filed a *otion to "as2 nfor#ation allein t2at t2e person























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Iilla Iilla'a 'and ndo o filed filed anote anoterr 'etitio 'etition n efore efore te CA and and te C& reverse$ t2e R8C $ecision. Iilla Iilla'a 'and ndo o moved moved for a 'artial 'artial reco reconsi nsider derat ation ion of te CA )ecision. Iilla'ando arg(ed tat te CA did not resolve te second iss(e e ro(gt efore it, tat is, tat te facts carged do not constit(te an offense..























e?ce'tions for good ca(se tat co(ld warrant te rela?ation of te r(le as in tis case. % As a r(le, r(le, certiora certiorari ri lies wen: wen: #1$ #1$ a tri(nal, tri(nal, oard oard,, or officer officer e?erci e?ercises ses (dicial or 7(asi0(dicial 7(asi0(dicial f(nctions #2$ te tri(nal, oard, or officer as acted wito(t or in e?cess of its or is (risdiction, or wit grave a(se of























officer officer,, as persona personally lly examine examined d te complain complainant ant and is %itnesse %itnesses s tat tat tere tere is reason reasonab able le $rou $round nd to belie belie#e #e tat tat a crime crime as as been been committe committed d and tat te accused accused is probably probably $uilty tereof tereof tat tat te accused %as informed of te complaint and of te e#idence submitted a$ai a$ains nstt im im and and tat tat e %as %as $i#e $i#en n an oppo opport rtun unit ity y to subm submit it























tat, tat, des'ite des'ite s(c certificati certifications, ons, te &nformat &nformation ions s were defective defective as it was sown tat te offcers ling te same in co(rt eiter lac6ed te a(torit/ to do so or failed to sow tat te/ otained 'rior written a(torit/ from an/ of tose a(tori>ed officers en(merated in Section 4, !(le 112 of te 2 !evised !(les of Criminal "roced(re. "roced(re.









































































































































































































































































































































































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