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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design This chapter presents the methodology of the study. It consists of procedures in collection and preparation of the sample and making, testing and evaluating the desired product. The researcher used papaya leaves that were gathered in Iligan City to produce a filter paper treated with papaya leaf extract.
B. Materials and Equipment
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Base burette
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Medicine droppers
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Beakers
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Mortar and pestle
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Clean cloth
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pH meter
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Distilled water
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Spotplate
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Filter paper
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Weighing scale
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Graduated cylinder
Common Household Substances
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Alcohol
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Muriatic Acid
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Antacid solution
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Shampoo
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Astringent
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Soap solution
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Bathroom Cleaner
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Soy sauce
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Chlorox
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Toothpaste
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Cologne
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Vinegar
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Conditioner
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Wine
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Lemon-lime extract
Laboratory Chemicals •
M NaOH
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M HCl
C. General Procedure Preparation of the Papaya Leaf extract as an Indicator Collect 100 g of the papaya leaves, regardless of maturity but must not be dried leaves. Soak the leaves in 20.0 mL distilled water overnight. Pound the soaked leaves using mortar and pestle. Place it in clean cheesecloth and gently squeezed to a 250-mL beaker to obtain the extracts. Pour the squeezed extract to a filter paper to separate the leaves and obtain pure leaf extract only.
Testing the Extract for the Acidity and Basicity of Some Common Household Substances Collect common household substances that are said to be basic and acidic to examine whether the papaya leaf extract can be used as an acid-base indicator. Place each of the collected household substances to a spotplate and label each for specification. The substance must be in solution form for simplicity. Measure the pH of each substance using the pH meter. Add 2-3 drops of the papaya leaf extracts. Observe color change and identify whether the substance is acidic, basic or neutral. Take note of the original color of the leaf extract and each common household substances used for comparison purposes. Evaluation of Results
Show in tabular form and in a color chart the results of the acid-base test using the papaya leaf extract.
D. Statistical Tools Used in the Study Based on the result of the pH value of some common household materials, the gathered data were analyzed and interpreted to get the average pH value of the substance. Statistical procedures and methods were used and the mean was used to find the average of each pH value. Mean X= Σ xi/N
Where, xi = pH value of the substance N = Number of trials X = the average value of the substance Σ = sum of all weigh value
Observation of change in color
Collection of samples
Soaking it in water Comparison of Results Pounding with mortar and pestle
Straining the extract
Testing the extract to determine the acidity and basicity of some common household substances
Evaluating the results
Figure 1. Flowchart of the General Procedure
CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary The experimental pH indicator from papaya leaves extract was tested to the different kinds of common household materials and showed that it can distinguish an acid from a base through color change. The indicator turns to yellow when added to acidic substances, green when added to neutral substances and white when added to basic substances.
Conclusion The researchers were able to determine that an indicator from Papaya leaves extract can be an effective acid-base indicator. The researchers therefore conclude that: 1. The resulting color of the experimental extract when added to acidic substances ranges from yellow to yellow green; light green to white when the substance is basic; and pure green when it is a neutral substance. 2. The color changes of the Papaya extracts at pH range of 1 to 6 is yellow to yellow green; light green to white at the pH range of 8 to 14; and pure green at the pH level of 7.
Recommendations The researchers would like to recommend the following in order to improve their study as well as those related to it.
1. Determine whether the concentration of the papaya leaf extract affects the intensity of the color imparted by cassava leaf indicator at different pH levels. 2. Test whether the experimental pH indicator, papaya leaf extract, will have the same results when made into an experimental pH paper. 3. Find out other leaf which can be used as an acid-base indicator. 4. Titrate the papaya extract to determine the endpoint in an acid-base indicator.
