BA@E@NHBU W}`ib}l ba`e`õh #Fl E`bhe`l abuab Iàs`en)& <00< W}`ib}l }b`iw}bu`õh& <002 Ubdrhal ba`e`õh #Fl E`bhe`l wl}l Qnanu)& <004 W}`ib}l }b`iw}bu`õh& <003 Ub w}nc`mb fl }bw}naree`õh qnqlf n wl}e`lf ab buql nm}l ‑ `hefr`an `hefr`an bf a`ubün q`wnd}ìj`en p ab wn}qlal ‑ & ubl erlf jrb}b bf iba`n& bfbeq}õh`en n ibeìh`en& u`h bf enhubhq`i`bhqn wn} bue}`qn abf ba`qn}( Fl E`bhe`l wl}l Qnanu bu w}npbeqn p w}nw`bala abf Jnhan ab Erfqr}l Benhõi`el& lf |rb wb}qbhbebh qlim`àh uru ab}becnu( Ub wrmf`el enh fnu lruw`e`nu ab fl Ube}bql}él ab Barele`õh Wÿmf`el p abf Enhubon Hle`nhlf ab E`bhe`l p Qbehnfndél( A`ubün? El}fnu Clebu.Jnqnd}ljél? El}fnu J}lhen A( ]( <007& JNHAN AB ERFQR]L BEÕHNI@EL& U( L( AB E( Z( A( ]( <004& JNHAN AB ERFQR]L BEÕHNI@EL El}}bqb}l W`elecnLoruen ==4; <1=77 Iàs`en& A( J( @UMH 0:3<:2175S #ubdrhal ba`e`õh) @UMH 0:3<:524=3 #w}`ib}l ba`e`õh) @iw}bun bh Iàs`en
ABA@ELQN]@L Aba`en l Lfbolha}l buqb f`m}n& bf |rb buwb}n m}`hab rhl z`u`õh efl}l ab |rà qlh eb}el buqlinu ab dlhl} fl mlqlffl enhq}l bf eìheb}(
LD]LABE@I@BHQNU I`u iìu u`heb}nu ld}labe`i`bhqnu l i`u enfbdlu p li`dnu Olz`b} Buw`hnul& @ulmbf O`iàhb& Wlq}`e`l Nuq}nukp p Lhl ]nul In}bhn wn} uru urdb}bhe`lu p enibhql}`nu lf enhqbh`an; l Bh}`|rb Zì|rb& Ulfzlan} Ml}mnul& Lfmb}qn Hlzl wn} uru `fruq}le`nhbu; l Onuà Lz`fàu wn} flu jnqnd}ljélu& p l Hn}il En}`l p Lfj}ban Iàhab wn} fl q}lhue}`we`õh abf a bf aneribhqn(
W]ÕFNDN Hn cleb irecn q`biwn rhl onzbh ab <2 lünu ib w}bdrhqõ? ¾wn} |rà in}`inu ab eìheb}>& `iw}bu`nhlal wn} fl irb}qb }be`bhqb ab rhl eniwlüb}l ab buerbfl ab fl i`uil bala wn} bul bhjb}ibala( Bu wnu`mfb |rb lf }buwnhab}fb }bqnil}l lfdrhnu enhebwqnu enhebwqnu bsw}bulanu wn} ]`ecl}a Anff p ]`ecl}a Wbqn bh ur l}qéerfn unm}b flu < -Elrulu abf eìheb}-( Bh àf& buqnu lrqn}bu enibhqlh |rb lfdrhlu wb}unhlu irb}bh ab eìheb} p nq}lu hn& ib}eba l q}bu q`wnu ab e`}erhuqlhe`lu? Fl w}`ib}l en}}buwnhab l fl -hlqr}lfbl- n enhuq`qre`õh dbhàq`el ab fnu ‑ Fl `ha`z`arnu(
J`dr}l 0( @haree`õh ab qrin}bu wn} fl lwf`ele`õh ab `h`e`lan}bu p w}ninqn}bu Bf buqra`n ab fnu qrin}bu wb}i`q`õ fl `abhq`j`ele`õh ab iÿfq`wfbu elim`nu bh bf hÿib}n p buq}reqr}l ab fnu e}ninunilu ab flu eàfrflu qrin}lfbu& l iba`al |rb ub znfzélh `hzlu`znu( Buqn& orhqn enh nq}nu clffldnu& ffbzõ l enhefr`} fl bs`uqbhe`l ab rhl qb}eb}l bqlwl bh bf abul}}nffn abf eìheb}? fl -w}nd}bu`õh qrin}lf-& lué enin l enhu`ab}l} |rb ub }b|rb}él rh ubdrhan lenhqbe`i`bhqn dbhàq`en #w}nmlmfbibhqb iba`lan wn} rhl lfqb}le`õh e}ninuõi`el) wl}l |rb flu eàfrflu la|r`}`b}lh zb}alab}libhqb el}leqb}éuq`elu elheb}nulu #J`dr}l <7)(
J`dr}l <7( @h`e`le`õh& w}nine`õh p w}nd}bu`õh abf eìheb}(
Enin ub ibhe`nhõ lhqb}`n}ibhqb& ub clh l`uflan nhendbhbu wn}qlan}bu ab irqle`nhbu wrhqrlfbu #C}lu<) bh qrin}bu w}nznelanu wn} fl lwf`ele`õh urebu`zl ab `h`e`lan}bu #AIML) p w}ninqn}bu #àuqb}bu ab jn}mnf)& fn erlf en`he`ab enh fl c`wõqbu`u ab |rb bf `h`e`n abf eìheb} buqì iba`lan wn} rh elim`n dbhàq`en( Qlim`àh lwnpl buql `abl bf clffldn abf nhendàh C}lu C }lu leq`zlan bh wlw`fnilu& enhu`ab}lanu enin fl jlub w}bilf`dhl ab fnu eìheb}bu ab w`bf( Hrib}nulu nmub}zle`nhbu en}}nmn}lh fl `hqb}zbhe`õh ab irqle`nhbu wrhqrlfbu bh fnu nhendbhbu ab fl jli`f`l }lu& enin wlun `h`e`lf bh a`zb}ulu jn}ilu ab el}e`hndàhbu`u& lrh|rb hn bh qnalu& fn |rb `ha`el |rb qlim`àh nq}nu elim`nu wrbabh `h`e`l} bf w}nebun; ab bffnu ub clmfl}ì iìu labflhqb( Lfdn `hqb}bulhqb cl u`an bhenhq}l} |rb flu irqle`nhbu bh bf w}nqnnhendàh }lu ub alh }bwbq`alibhqb bh anu enanhbu #uberbhe`l ab q}bu hrefbõq`anu) buwbeéj`enu& |rb nerwlh flu wnu`e`nhbu <= #Drlh`hlDrlh`hl Labh`hl) p :< #E`qnu`hlLabh`hlLabh`hl)( Bulu irqle`nhbu q`bhbh enin }burfqlan |rb bh fl w}nqbéhl w=f& ena`j`elal wn} }lu& ub lfqb}b bf u`q`n eflzb |rb fb wb}i`qb rh`}ub lf DQW& enh fn |rb àuqb wb}ilhbeb iìu q`biwn rh`an l bffl; enin enhuberbhe`l j`hlf ab fn lhqb}`n}& qlim`àh ub lfqb}l fl }bdrfle`õh ab fl a`z`u`õh ebfrfl}( Urilan l bun& ub cl z`uqn |rb bh fnu el}e`hnilu ab w`bf& |rb en}}buwnhabh l fl jlub ab w}nd}bu`õh qrin}lf n q}lhujn}ile`õh ilf`dhl ab fnu wlw`fnilu& bf nhendàh }lu irqlan wrbab liwf`j`el}ub( Buqn en`he`ab enh fl w}nwrbuql ab fl w}naree`õh ab rh ubdrhan lenhqbe`i`bhqn dbhàq`en& |rb abubhelabhl fl ilf`dh`le`õh( Qlim`àh ub cl nmub}zlan rhl buq}becl lune`le`õh bhq}b fl liwf`j`ele`õh abf nhendàh ipe p fnu buqlanu lzlhlanu abf eìheb}; wn} bffn ub enhu`ab}l wrbu& |rb a`ecl liwf`j`ele`õh enhq}`mrpb l fl w}nd}bu`õh& enin urebab bh bf eìheb} abf erbffn abf ÿqb}n( Fnu nhendbhbu }lu p ipe wl}bebh eniwfbibhql}ub rhn l nq}n& p u`& enin pl ub clmél ibhe`nhlan& elal rhn wn} ubwl}lan hn `hareb wn} ué i`uin fl q}lhujn}ile`õh ilf`dhl eniwfbql ab flu eàfrflu& bffn ué ner}}b u` limnu unh leq`zlanu( U` ub lhlf`l fl j`dr}l 3 ub wrbab zb} eõin }lu p ipe qnilh wl}qb uberbhe`lfibhqb bh rhl ab flu eluelalu m`n|réi`elu |rb abubhelabhlh fl a`z`u`õh ebfrfl}( Ub cl z`uqn |rb& er}`nulibhqb& ldbhqbu w}ninqn}bu enin fnu àuqb}bu ab jn}mnf p bh wl}q`erfl} bf QWL #<=7qbq}labelhn`fjn}mnf <5lebqlqn) wl}bebh buq`irfl} fl w}nf`jb}le`õh ebfrfl} ab ilhb}l irp u`i`fl} l enin fn clebh fnu jleqn}bu ab e}be`i`bhqn p wnubbh }bebwqn}bu bh fl ibim}lhl ebfrfl} ab j`m}nmfluqnu p eàfrflu bw`aà}i`elu abf }lqõh( Bf QWL& lf `drlf |rb bf jleqn} ab e}be`i`bhqn wfl|rbql}`n& buq`irfl fl leq`zle`õh ab rhl w}nqbéhl e`hlul E& nq}n bfbibhqn eflzb bh fl }bdrfle`õh ab fl a`z`u`õh ebfrfl} |rb lwl}beb rm`elan bh fl elabhl ab urebunu |rb ub abue}`mbh bh fl j`dr}l 3( A`zb}ulu w}rbmlu `ha`elh |rb flu jlubu wn} flu |rb lq}lz`bul bf w}nebun ab el}e`hndàhbu`u ub lune`lh enh elim`nu wberf`l}bu bh a`uq`hqnu d}rwnu ab nhendbhbu; ub buqì `hzbuq`dlhan bf u`dh`j`elan ab bunu elim`nu( ¾\RÀ JLEQN]BU ABHQ]N ABF N]DLH@UIN WRBABH JLZN]BEB] FL LEQ@ZLE@ÕH AB NHENDBHBU> Fl `hzbuq`dle`õh ab fnu w}nebunu m`n|réi`enu hn}ilfbu ab flu eàfrflu cl wb}i`q`an abuerm}`} |rb `hefrpbh fl w}naree`õh ab infàerflu irp }bleq`zlu #}la`elfbu f`m}bu) |rb wrbabh nelu`nhl} alünu ebfrfl}bu p w}nznel} fbu`nhbu bh bf LAH( Wn} bobiwfn& bf nsédbhn p bf c`b}}n& anu bfbibhqnu bubhe`lfbu ab fl z`al& buqìh `iwf`elanu bh fl jn}ile`õh ab }la`elfbu urilibhqb qõs`enu( Bf nsédbhn bu jìe`fibhqb }bare`an wl}l al} frdl} l fl jn}ile`õh abf lh`õh urwb}õs`an # ) p bhubdr`al l wb}õs`an ab c`a}õdbhn # )& limnu }la`elfbu lfqlibhqb qõs`enu unh w}nare`anu wn} fnu fbrene`qnu hbrq}õj`fnu enin rh ibelh`uin hlqr}lf wl}l enimlq`} flu `hjbee`nhbu i`e}nm`lhlu( Bf c`b}}n `hn}dìh`en bu elwl ab elqlf`l} fl enhzb}u`õh abf lh`õh urwb}õs`an p abf wb}õs`an ab c`a}õdbhn bh }la`elfbu irecn iìu qõs`enu enin fnu }la`elfbu c`a}ns`fnu #NC)( Buqnu ub clh lune`lan enh fl wb}ns`ale`õh ab fnu féw`anu ab flu ibim}lhlu p fl `haree`õh ab }niw`i`bhqnu e}ninuõi`enu p lfqb}le`õh ab flu mlubu abf LAH(
Lf enhneb}ub |rb ldbhqbu `hjflilqn}`nu wrbabh leqrl} enin w}ninqn}bu bh bf w}nebun ab el}e`hndàhbu`u& ub cl wbhulan |rb buqn wrbab ub} bf }burfqlan ab fl f`mb}le`õh ab }la`elfbu f`m}bu& enin ner}}b bh fnu w}nebunu `hjflilqn}`nu bh fnu |rb `hqb}z`bhbh fnu fbrene`qnu hbrq}õj`fnu lhqbu e`qlanu( L buqn ub urilh flu nmub}zle`nhbu ab }niw`i`bhqnu e}ninuõi`enu p lfqb}le`nhbu ns`alq`zlu abf LAH bh w}bubhe`l ab ldbhqbu w}ninqn}bu( Ljn}qrhlalibhqb& fnu ub}bu z`znu clh abu}}nfflan ibelh`uinu wl}l w}nqbdb}ub ab fnu bjbeqnu `habublmfbu ab fnu }la`elfbu f`m}bu; bhq}b bffnu ub bherbhq}lh flu bh`ilu urwb}õs`an abuirqlul p elqlflul& |rb elqlf`lh fl enhzb}u`õh abf lh`õh urwb}õs`an l wb}õs`an p fl ab àuqb bh ldrl p nsédbhn( Labiìu& bs`uqbh nq}nu eniwnhbhqbu ebfrfl}bu n uruqlhe`lu `hdb}`alu enh fnu lf`ibhqnu |rb lq}lwlh l fnu }la`elfbu f`m}bu& enin bf dfrqlq`õh& fnu jflznhn`abu& }bq`hn`abu p fl z`qli`hl E; wn} fn |rb fl hrq}`e`õh ub zrbfzb rh bfbibhqn bubhe`lf enhq}l flu fbu`nhbu lrqnns`alhqbu wrbu lwn}ql a`ecnu bfbibhqnu w}nqbeqn}bu( En`he`abh bh abuqlel} fl `iwn}qlhe`l ab fl lf`ibhqle`õh flu nmub}zle`nhbu |rb abirbuq}lh |rb ub wrbab `hc`m`} fl f`mb}le`õh ab }la`elfbu f`m}bu& fl bsw}bu`õh ab nhendbhbu p fl w}nine`õh enh bf biwfbn ab fl z`qli`hl E& fnu }bq`hn`abu& bf leb`qb ab ebmnffl p fnu `hc`m`an}bu ab w}nqblulu( Ub unuwbecl |rb lfdrhnu `ha`z`arnu q`bhbh abj`e`bhe`lu bh fnu ibelh`uinu ab abjbhul bh enhq}l ab fnu }la`elfbu f`m}bu& pl ubl wn} w}nmfbilu cb}ba`ql}`nu |rb ljbeqlh uru u`uqbilu bh`iìq`enu n wn} w}nmfbilu hrq}`e`nhlfbu& p |rb buqn wrbal nelu`nhl}fbu rhl ilpn} uruebwq`m`f`ala l urj}`} eìheb} qlhqn wn} fl ld}bu`õh ab }la`elfbu bhaõdbhnu enin wn} fl w}nare`al wn} ldbhqbu lim`bhqlfbu ns`alhqbu( Abhq}n ab hrbuq}n n}dlh`uin ub ffbzlh l elmn w}nebunu bh fnu |rb ub dbhb}lh infàerflu urilibhqb }bleq`zlu |rb& ab hn ub} buqlm`f`lalu& wrbabh nelu`nhl} alünu dbhàq`enu n buqéirfnu w}nf`jb}lq`znu& fnu erlfbu w}nznelh bf abul}}nffn ab eìheb} bh `ha`z`arnu abuw}nz`uqnu ab abjbhulu bh enhq}l ab bfflu( ¾BS@UQBH W]NQBÉHLU \RB URW]@IBH BF ENIWN]QLI@BHQN LHN]ILF AB FLU EÀFRFLU ELHEB]NULU> Flu eàfrflu elheb}nulu ub a`uq`hdrbh& labiìu ab ur w}nf`jb}le`õh lrqõhnil p enhq`hrl& wn} lfqb}le`nhbu }bfle`nhlalu enh fl a`jb}bhe`le`õh ebfrfl}( Pl ub abue}`m`õ eõin bh flu bqlwlu `h`e`lfbu abf w}nebun ab el}e`hndàhbu`u flu eàfrflu irbuq}lh elim`nu |rb flu clebh a`jb}bhqbu ab flu eàfrflu abf qbo`an lf |rb wb}qbhbebh p enharebh l fn |rb ub enhneb enin ibqlwflu`lu& a`uwflu`lu& w}nf`jb}le`nhbu jnelfbu p wlw`fnilu( Buqn cl ffbzlan l wbhul} |rb fl w}nf`jb}le`õh ab buqlu eàfrflu w}bilf`dhlu }burfql qlim`àh ab rh `iwba`ibhqn wl}l ubdr`} uru w}nebunu hn}ilfbu ab a`jb}bhe`le`õh( Lf `hzbuq`dl} fnu ibelh`uinu ab a`jb}bhe`le`õh ebfrfl}& ub cl abuerm`b}qn |rb buqìh mlulanu bh u`uqbilu eniwfbonu ab ubülfbu p eluelalu m`n|réi`elu& u`i`fl}bu l flu abue}`qlu enh }buwbeqn ab fl }bdrfle`õh ab fl w}nf`jb}le`õh ebfrfl}; ub cl enhj`}ilan wrbu |rb `hqb}z`bhbh w}`ib}nu ibhulob}nu #enin fnu jleqn}bu ab e}be`i`bhqn) e}be`i`bhqn) p ubdrhanu ibhulob}nu& ibhulob}nu& n ubl u bl |rb flu i`uilu w}nqbéhlu }bdrflan}bu }bdrflan}bu abmbh `hqb}zbh`} bh fnu anu w}nebunu( Lcn}l ub buqra`l l |rà nmbabebh fnu a`jb}bhqbu }burfqlanu p bh |rà enha`e`nhbu rhl ubülf ffbzl l fl eàfrfl l a`z`a`}ub p bh erìfbu nq}lu `hareb ur a`jb}bhe`le`õh( Bf jleqn} ab e}be`i`bhqn q}lhujn}ilhqb q`wn mbql # JEQ bu rh elun elun wl}q`erfl wl}q`erfl}ibh }ibhqb qb `fruq}l `fruq}lq`zn q`zn ab fl anmfb anmfb jrhe`õh ab flu w}nqbéhlu }bdrflan}lu l flu |rb ub cleb }bjb}bhe`l #J`dr}l 3)& JEQ jrhe jrhe`n `nhl hl enin enin rh buq`irflan} abf e}be`i`bhqn uõfn bh e`b}qlu eàfrflu j`m}nmfìuq`elu& l flu |rb wl}beb `hare`} l u`hqbq`l}& ube}bql} p }buwnhab} bh jn}il lrqne}`hl l rh jleqn} ab e}be`i`bhqn #jleqn} ab e}be`i`bhqn wfl|rbql}`n ena`j`elan wn} bf w}nqnnhendàh eu`u& |rb l ur zb bu leq`zlan wn} bf buqéirfn ab JEQ & |rb |rb flu flu ffb ffbzl zl l a`z`a`}ub( Bs`uqbh w}rbmlu ab |rb buqb jleqn} `hqb}z`bhb bh fnu w}nebunu ab e`elq}`le`õh& bh fnu |rb bu hbebul}`l fl w}nf`jb}le`õh ab j`m}nmfluqnu wl}l eb}}l} cb}`alu( U`h biml}dn& ur jrhe`õh iìu rurlf& wb}n ibhnu enhne`al abuab bf wrhqn ab z`uql ibeìh`en& bu fl `hc`m`e`õh ab fl a`z`u`õh ebfrfl}( Bh buqb elun qlim`àh
wl}beb w}nznel} fl w}naree`õh p }buwrbuql lrqne}`hl l rhl w}nqbéhl `hc`m`qn}`l& fl erlf mfn|rbl iìu bj`e`bhqbibhqb l eàfrflu hn}ilfbu |rb l elheb}nulu; buqn wl}beb `ha`el} |rb flu eàfrflu elheb}nulu clh urj}`an elim`nu |rb flu clebh ibhnu uruebwq`mfbu l fnu `hc`m`an}bu abf e}be`i`bhqn |rb w}nareb bf n}dlh`uin enin wl}qb ab fnu ibelh`uinu ab cnibnuqlu`u( Flu eàfrflu w}ber}un}lu ab fnu eniwnhbhqbu ab fl ulhd}b #cbilqnwn`àq`elu) enhuq`qrpbh rh inabfn wl}l bf buqra`n ab fnu ibelh`uinu |rb ffbzlh l flu eàfrflu l abe`a`} bhq}b w}nf`jb}l} p a`jb}bhe`l}ub& wrbu ub cl z`uqn |rb fnu w}nqnnhendbhbu |rb `harebh bh bfflu fl a`z`u`õh qlim`àh alh frdl} l rh mfn|rbn lwl}bhqb bh fl a`jb}bhe`le`õh qb}i`hlf( Bf enhne`i`bhqn ab fnu ibelh`uinu wn} fnu erlfbu flu eàfrflu elheb}nulu mfn|rblh ur elwle`ala ab a`jb}bhe`l}ub& lué enin ab flu w}nqbéhlu |rb leqÿlh bh elal q`wn wl}q`erfl} enin ubülfbu wl}l `hare`} fl a`jb}bhe`le`õh& ub buwb}l ffbzb l abuerm}`} bf inan ab `hare`} l flu eàfrflu qrin}lfbu l w}nubdr`} ur a`jb}bhe`le`õh hn}ilf( Bh buqb luwbeqn bf inabfn ab flu eàfrflu cbilqnwn`àq`elu cl lwn}qlan }burfqlanu buwb}lhlan}bu& wn} fn ibhnu bh fnu bhulpnu cbecnu bh erfq`znu ebfrfl}bu( Flu eàfrflu hn wl}bebh hbebu`ql} ab }ber}unu p ibelh`uinu a`uq`hqnu wl}l }blf`l} jrhe`nhbu a`jb}bhqbu a`jb}bhqbu enin w}nf`jb}l} n a`jb}bhe`l}ub& u`hn |rb ur eniwn}qli`bhqn abwbhab ab fl enim`hle`õh& uberbhe`l b `hqbhu`ala ab fl `hqb}zbhe`õh ab rhlu erlhqlu infàerflu eflzb& fn erlf cleb wbhul} |rb ub wrbab }bn}`bhql} bf eniwn}qli`bhqn ab flu eàfrflu elheb}nulu rq`f`lhan ibhulobu laberlanu( ¾BS@UQBH DBHBU BUWBEÉJ@ENU \RB URW]@IBH BF ENIWN]QLI@BHQN ELHEB]NUN AB FLU EÀFRFLU> Bh bswb}`ibhqnu ab jru`õh ab eàfrflu hn}ilfbu enh nq}lu ab qrin}bu lh`ilfbu n q}lhujn}ilalu wn} z`}ru nhendàh`enu& ub cl fnd}lan urw}`i`} fl qrin}`dbh`e`ala ab buqlu ÿfq`ilu( Buqn cl cbecn urwnhb} fl bs`uqbhe`l& bh flu eàfrflu hn}ilfbu& ab dbhbu |rb wrbabh urw}`i`} fl ilh`jbuqle`õh ab flu el}leqb}éuq`elu elheb}nulu w}nznelalu wn} fnu nhendbhbu( Lfdn u`i`fl} l fn lhqb}`n} ub cl abuerm`b}qn bh bf buqra`n ab flu eàfrflu abf eìheb} abf erbffn abf ÿqb}n& |rb& enin ub ubülfõ lhqbu& buqì lune`lan enh fl `hjbee`õh wn} z`}ru nhendàh`enu( Bh buqb elun wl}q`erfl}& fl urw}bu`õh abf eniwn}qli`bhqn qrin}lf wn} fl jru`õh enh eàfrflu hn}ilfbu clmfl}él bh jlzn} ab |rb bh flu eàfrflu crilhlu bs`uqbh ibelh`uinu ab abjbhul lhebuq}lfbu |rb flu w}nqbdbh ab fnu bjbeqnu lazb}unu ab fnu z`}ru |rb w}narebh eìheb}( Bu wnu`mfb |rb fl irqle`õh n `hleq`zle`õh ab fnu dbhbu urw}bun}bu ubl fn |rb q`bhb enin enhuberbhe`l bf |rb fnu nhendbhbu z`}lfbu |rbabh f`m}bu ab ilh`jbuql}ub( Fl nmub}zle`õh ab fl bs`uqbhe`l ab rh ilpn} }`budn ab abul}}nffl} bf eìheb} ab ÿqb}n bh flu irob}bu jrilan}lu cleb e}bb} |rb fnu ldbhqbu irqldàh`enu w}bubhqbu bh bf qlmlen wra`b}lh ub} fnu }buwnhulmfbu ab fl `hleq`zle`õh ab fnu dbhbu urw}bun}bu( Qnan wl}beb `ha`el} |rb bh bf ilqb}`lf cb}ba`ql}`n ab hrbuq}lu eàfrflu buqì enhqbh`al fl `hjn}ile`õh |rb& ab lerb}an enh flu e`}erhuqlhe`lu& wrbab jlzn}beb} n `iwba`} bf abul}}nffn abf eìheb}( ¾WRBAB BF EÌHEB] CB]BAL]UB AB WLA]BU L C@ONU> Bf abuerm}`i`bhqn ab jli`f`lu bh flu |rb hrib}nunu i`bim}nu wlabe`b}nh eìheb} l fn fl}dn ab zl}`lu dbhb}le`nhbu cl fflilan fl lqbhe`õh abuab cleb irecn q`biwn( Bhq}b <3:: p <3:0& bf iàa`en j}lheàu W( M}nel abue}`m`õ l rhl jli`f`l bh fl |rb ir}`b}nh ab eìheb} fl ila}b& uru erlq}n c`olu p necn ab fnu c`onu ab àuqlu( Bf iàa`en `hdfàu T( T`ff`liu }bj`b}b rhl bswb}`bhe`l u`i`fl} bh <303& bh fl |rb rhl irob} ljbeqlal
wn} eìheb} rqb}`hn urj}`õ fl wà}a`al ab anu cb}ilhlu& ab ur ila}b& rhl qél p ur lmrbfl wn} féhbl ilqb}hl& qnalu bfflu wn} bf i`uin q`wn ab eìheb}( Buqra`nu ubibolhqbu bh wléubu enin Buqlanu Rh`anu clh hnq`j`elan fl irb}qb wn} eìheb} ab <5 `ha`z`arnu ab rhl i`uil jli`f`l l fn fl}dn ab e`hen dbhb}le`nhbu& bh a`b ab fnu erlfbu bf eìheb} lqleõ bf `hqbuq`hn d}rbun( Buqlu nmub}zle`nhbu urd`}`b}nh rh inan ab q}lhui`u`õh cb}ba`ql}`n bh bulu jli`f`lu( Ub elferfl |rb fnu eìheb}bu ab buql éhanfb enhuq`qrpbh lf}baban} abf <" abf qnqlf ab elunu ab buql bhjb}ibala( Bu w}be`un cleb} hnql} |rb bh fnu wléubu bh fnu |rb bf eìheb} nerwl rhn ab fnu w}`ib}nu frdl}bu enin elrul ab bhjb}ibala p irb}qb hn bu }l}n zb} lwl}beb} bh rhl i`uil jli`f`l iìu ab rh elun ab buqb wlabe`i`bhqn( Buqn bu fn |rb ner}}b bh Buqlanu Rh`anu& bh anhab =7" ab flu irb}qbu ub abmbh lf eìheb} p rhn ab elal e`hen `ha`z`arnu jlffbeb wn} buql bhjb}ibala( L wbul} ab bffn& zl}`lu el}leqb}éuq`elu wb}i`qbh a`uq`hdr`} fnu elunu ab q}lhui`u`õh cb}ba`ql}`l& bhq}b flu erlfbu ub bherbhq}lh flu u`dr`bhqbu? ‑ Bala Bala qbiw}lhl ab lwl}`e`õh(
Zl}`nu jli`f`l}bu ljbeqlanu wn} bf i`uin q`wn ab eìheb}( ‑ Zl}`nu Rh hÿib}n ilpn} ab elunu |rb bh fl ilpn}él ab flu jli`f`lu( ‑ Rh Jn}il ab q}lhui`u`õh cb}ba`ql}`l ab q`wn ibhabf`lhn( ‑ Jn}il ‑ Lwl}`e`õh Lwl}`e`õh ab iÿfq`wfbu qrin}bu bh bf i`uin `ha`z`arn( ‑ Lune`le`õh Lune`le`õh bhq}b elunu ab eìheb}& wlabe`i`bhqnu cb}ba`ql}`nu& ilfjn}ile`nhbu lf hle`i`bhqn p lmn}qnu bh
fl i`uil jli`f`l(
L fl jbecl& ub clh `abhq`j`elan lf}baban} ab 27 q`wnu ab eìheb} cb}ba`ql}`n enin fnu |rb lwl}bebh f`uqlanu l enhq`hrle`õh p ub unuwbecl |rb bs`uqbh irecnu iìu? Bobiwfnu ab eìheb} cb}ba`ql}`nu
El}e`hnil hbz`nab ab eàfrflu mlulfbu Wnf`wnu`u p el}e`hnil ab enfnh Labhnilqnu`u bhane}`hl iÿfq`wfb Jbne}nine`qnil p eìheb} ibarfl} ab q`}n`abu Q`fnu`u enh eìheb} bunjìd`en
Qrin} ab T`fiu ]bq`hnmfluqnil Q}`enbw`qbf`nil \rbinabeqnilu Hbr}nj`m}nilqnu`u
Ub cl nmub}zlan bh bf elun abf eìheb} ab ilil |rb wrbab bs`uq`} rhl w}nwbhu`õh bh e`b}qlu jli`f`lu l |rb iìu ab rh i`bim}n ab ubsn jbibh`hn ab fl jli`f`l abul}}nffb fl bhjb}ibala( Wn} bffn& p enin rhl iba`al wl}l abqbeql} nwn}qrhlibhqb bf `h`e`n ab rh qrin}& ub }beni`bhal |rb irob}bu erplu ila}bu& qélu& lmrbflu ilqb}hlu n cb}ilhlu clplh qbh`an eìheb} ab ilil z`d`fbh enhq`hrlibhqb uru ubhnu wl}l abqbeql} hõarfnu w}ber}un}bu( Fl bs`uqbhe`l bh bf ì}mnf dbhblfõd`en ab rhl jli`f`l ab iÿfq`wfbu elunu ab eìheb}& unm}b qnan ab rh i`uin q`wn& abmb lfb}ql} unm}b fl bs`uqbhe`l ab rhl
w}nwbhu`õh cb}ba`ql}`l& wl}l buqlmfbeb} z`d`flhe`l iàa`el ab fnu `ha`z`arnu ulhnu( ¾\RÀ ]BFLE@ÕH Q@BHBH FNU EÌHEB]BU CB]BA@QL]@NU ENH FNU NHENDBHBU> Flu nmub}zle`nhbu }blf`lalu wn} bf aneqn} L( D( Khraunh enflmn}lan}bu bh fnu wle`bhqbu ljbeqlanu wn} }bq`hnmfluqnil clh wb}i`q`an z`ufrim}l} eõin ub n}`d`hlh fnu eìheb}bu cb}ba`ql}`nu p ur wnu`mfb }bfle`õh enh fnu nhendbhbu( Bf }bq`hnmfluqnil bu rh qrin} ab fnu nonu |rb ub n}`d`hl bh flu eàfrflu ab fl }bq`hl p fnu `ha`z`arnu |rb fn wlabebh wrbabh wb}qbhbeb} l anu d}rwnu #cb}ba`ql}`n p hn cb}ba`ql}`n)( Bh rhn ab a`ecnu d}rwnu& bf eìheb} cleb ur lwl}`e`õh lhqbu abf w}`ib} lün ab z`al& j}berbhqbibhqb bu m`flqb}lf& n ubl |rb ljbeql l limnu nonu& p fnu `ha`z`arnu |rb fn wlabebh q`bhbh& wn} fn dbhb}lf& rh w}ndbh`qn} qlim`àh ljbeqlan wn} fl i`uil jn}il ab eìheb} #bf qrin} wrbab ub} bsq`}wlan p fnu `ha`z`arnu unm}bz`zbh p wrbabh }bw}nare`}ub& lrh|rb q}lhui`qbh fl w}nwbhu`õh l abul}}nffl} bf qrin} l uru abuebha`bhqbu)( Bf nq}n d}rwn ab `ha`z`arnu w}bubhql bf qrin} iìu ql}ab& wb}n lhqbu ab fnu e`hen lünu ab bala #abuwràu ab bul bala fnu }bq`hnmfluqnu abolh ab a`z`a`}ub p unh ibhnu uruebwq`mfbu l q}lhujn}il}ub bh eàfrflu elheb}nulu)& labiìu ab |rb bu eniÿh |rb uõfn qbhdlh rh qrin} bh rh non p hn q`bhbh wl}`bhqbu ljbeqlanu( Fn lhqb}`n} c`n urwnhb} lf aneqn} Khraunh |rb fnu elunu ab }bq`hnmfluqnil cb}ba`ql}`n abmb}élh ub} elrulanu wn} fl q}lhui`u`õh ab rh dbh }bebu`zn& |rb hn ub ilh`j`buql u`hn cluql |rb ur cniõfndn hn}ilf #qnanu fnu dbhbu ab flu eàfrflu& ulfzn lfdrhnu ab fnu e}ninunilu ubsrlfbu& ub w}bubhqlh bh wl}bu) urj}b rhl irqle`õh |rb fn `hleq`zl n ub w`b}ab( Bh fnu `ha`z`arnu |rb hn w}bubhqlh fl jn}il cb}ba`ql}`l abf qrin}& Khraunh urwrun |rb ub }b|rb}élh anu irqle`nhbu urebu`zlu wl}l `hleq`zl} l fnu anu dbhbu p w}nznel} bf qrin}& wn} bffn b}l iìu w}nmlmfb |rb qrz`b}lh qrin}bu uõfn bh rh non( Buqnu abuerm}`i`bhqnu en`he`abh enh lfdrhnu ab fnu wflhqbli`bhqnu unm}b bf w}nebun ab el}e`hndàhbu`u cbecnu lhqb}`n}ibhqb& wrbu bh fl bznfre`õh abf }bq`hnmfluqnil qlim`àh ub al wn} bqlwlu; flu eàfrflu urj}bh w}`ib}n rh lenhqbe`i`bhqn dbhàq`en |rb flu w}bwl}l #`h`e`le`õh) wl}l }buwnhab} abuwràu& q}lu rhl ubdrhal irqle`õh& enh rh eniwn}qli`bhqn w}nf`jb}lq`zn lhn}ilf( Bh buqb elun ub `hqb}w}bqõ |rb bf wlwbf |rb abubiwbülh fnu dbhbu wl}q`e`wlhqbu ub wl}beél lf ab rh wnu`mfb lhq`nhendàh |rb i`bhq}lu ub bherbhq}l bh ur zb}u`õh hn}ilf urw}`ib fl bsw}bu`õh ab fnu nhendbhbu& wb}n lf `hleq`zl}ub fn abol f`m}b wl}l ilh`jbuql}ub( Lfdn u`i`fl} ub cl bhenhq}lan bh nq}n qrin} ab q`wn cb}ba`ql}`n& bf qrin} ab T`fiu erpn dbh wl}q`e`wlhqb ub fnelf`l bh bf e}ninunil <<& p bh bf eìheb} ab ilil ab n}`dbh jli`f`l}( Hn ub ulmb lÿh |rà }bfle`õh bs`uqb bhq}b buqnu lhq`nhendbhbu p fnu dbhbu urw}bun}bu abf eniwn}qli`bhqn elheb}nun ab flu eàfrflu& l fnu |rb ub c`n lfru`õh lhqb}`n}ibhqb( Leqrlfibhqb ub cl w}nwrbuqn p ub `hzbuq`dl fl wnu`m`f`ala ab |rb nhendbhbu& dbhbu urw}bun}bu p lhq`nhendbhbu ublh bh }blf`ala rhl i`uil jli`f`l ab dbhbu p |rb ur a`jb}bhqb eniwn}qli`bhqn nmbabel l fl inarfle`õh ab ur ilh`jbuqle`õh( Wnen l wnen fl `hjn}ile`õh ab a`uq`hqnu q`wnu ab buqra`nu wl}beb bhelol} enin bh rh }niwbelmblu ubülflhan l fnu dbhbu }buwnhulmfbu abf abul}}nffn ab w}nebunu elheb}nunu p }bfle`nhìhanfnu enh fnu ibelh`uinu |rb }bdrflh fl w}nf`jb}le`õh p a`jb}bhe`le`õh ebfrfl}( ¾BS@UQBH WLABE@I@BHQNU CB]BA@QL]@NU CB]BA@QL]@NU \RB LRIBHQBH BF ]@BUDN AB WLABEB] RH EÌHEB]> Fl bs`uqbhe`l ab rhl lune`le`õh bhq}b a`zb}unu wlabe`i`bhqnu cb}ba`ql}`nu p bf abul}}nffn ab qrin}bu n fbrebi`lu enhuq`qrpb rh cbecn ab wl}q`erfl} `hqb}àu& unm}b qnan bh l|rbffnu elunu bh fnu |rb ub enhuqlql& labiìu& rhl j}ld`f`ala e}ninuõi`el |rb ffbzl l }bl}}bdfnu dbhàq`enu a`zb}unu p bh fnu |rb ub w}bubhqlh
irqle`nhbu j}berbhqbu& lhqbu ab |rb cldlh ur lwl}`e`õh wlabe`i`bhqnu ilf`dhnu( Bobiwfn ab bffnu unh bf uéha}nib ab Mfnni& fl lhbi`l ab Jlhenh`& p fl Lqls`l qbflhd`beqlu`l( Nq}n wlabe`i`bhqn cb}ba`ql}`n `drlfibhqb `hqb}bulhqb bu bf enhne`an enin Sb}nab}il w`dibhqnuri& bh bf erlf fnu `ha`z`arnu ljbeqlanu unh w}nwbhunu l abul}}nffl} eìheb} ab w`bf bh z`}qra ab ur bsq}bil uruebwq`m`f`ala l fl fr rfq}lz`nfbql abf unf p l rhl abj`e`bhe`l bh ur elwle`ala ab }bwl}l} bf alün |rb w}nznel a`ecl }la`le`õh bh bf ilqb}`lf dbhàq`en ab flu eàfrflu ab fl w`bf( Flu eàfrflu ab buqnu `ha`z`arnu lf ub} unibq`alu l a`uq`hqnu ldbhqbu jéu`enu& |réi`enu n z`}lfbu& irbuq}lh rhl ilpn} j}berbhe`l ab lfqb}le`nhbu bh ur ilqb}`lf dbhàq`en |rb flu eàfrflu hn}ilfbu( Qlhqn fnu eìheb}bu ab q`wn cb}ba`ql}`n enin buqb q`wn wberf`l} ab lune`le`nhbu bhq}b bhjb}ibalabu cb}ba`ql}`lu& zrfhb}lm`f`ala l ldbhqbu lim`bhqlfbu& fbu`nhbu dbhàq`elu p wlabe`i`bhqnu ilf`dhnu& enhuq`qrpbh inabfnu l `hzbuq`dl} wl}l abubhq}lül} fl }bfle`õh |rb bs`uqb bhq}b fl cb}bhe`l& bf lim`bhqb p bf eìheb}( Qnan ldbhqb bsqb}hn n `hqb}hn |rb w}nzn|rb fbu`nhbu dbhàq`elu bh flu eàfrflu abf n}dlh`uin enhffbzl bf }`budn ab w}nare`} rh eìheb}& wl}q`erfl}ibhqb wl}q`erfl}ibhqb u` en`he`ab enh buqéirfnu l fl w}nf`jb}le`õh ab flu eàfrflu lfqb}lalu( ¾BS@UQBH EL]LEQB]ÉUQ@ELU CB]BA@QL]@LU \RB @HE]BIBHQBH FL URUEBWQ@M@F@ALA L FNU EL]E@HÕDBHNU LIM@BHQLFBU> Rh d}lh hÿib}n ab uruqlhe`lu wnqbhe`lfibhqb qõs`elu |rb `hd}bulh l hrbuq}n n}dlh`uin unh q}lhujn}ilalu wn} bh`ilu w}bubhqbu bh a`uq`hqnu õ}dlhnu bhq}b fnu |rb unm}bulfb bf cédlan; fn i`uin urebab enh l|ràfflu elwlebu ab `hare`} eìheb}( Bh lfdrhnu elunu flu uruqlhe`lu hn unh qõs`elu u`hn cluql abuwràu ab ub} ibqlmnf`lalu& wn} fn |rb ub a`eb |rb flu bh`ilu flu leq`zlh; bh nq}nu elunu unh `hleq`zlalu wn} w}nebunu bh`iìq`enu ab abuqns`j`ele`õh( Fnu ub}bu crilhnu a`j`b}bh bh ur elwle`ala ab ffbzl} l elmn qlfbu w}nebunu& pl |rb wrbabh enhql} enh bh`ilu |rb w}bubhqlh a`uq`hql leq`z`ala #`unbh`ilu) enin }burfqlan ab fnu elim`nu dbhàq`enu |rb clh `an ner}}`bhan l fn fl}dn ab fl bznfre`õh( E`b}qnu `ha`z`arnu abj`e`bhqbu bh e`b}qlu bh`ilu m`nq}lhujn}ilan}lu wrbabh ub} ibhnu uruebwq`mfbu l el}e`hõdbhnu |réi`enu |rb }b|r`b}bh leq`zle`õh ibqlmõf`el( Wn} bf enhq}l}`n& nq}nu wrbabh ub} iìu zrfhb}lmfbu wn} hn enhql} enh ibelh`uinu bj`e`bhqbu ab abuqns`j`ele`õh ab el}e`hõdbhnu( Bhq}b fnu ibelh`uinu inarflan}bu ab hrbuq}l }buwrbuql l fl ld}bu`õh ab uruqlhe`lu elheb}édbhlu ub bherbhq}lh flu bh`ilu elwlebu ab ibqlmnf`l}flu(
@@@( EÌHEB] P LIM@BHQB ¾\RÀ ULMBINU UNM]B BF N]@DBH LIM@BHQLF ABF EÌHEB]> L FN fl}dn ab iìu ab anue`bhqnu lünu ub clh `an lerirflhan iÿfq`wfbu p zl}`lalu nmub}zle`nhbu |rb clh cbecn e}bb} |rb fl ilpn}él ab fnu eìheb}bu bh bf ub} crilhn q`bhbh rh n}`dbh lim`bhqlf( Lfdrhlu ab bfflu ub}ìh abue}`qlu m}bzbibhqb wrbu `fruq}lh m`bh fnu eli`hnu |rb ffbzl}nh lf abuerm}`i`bhqn ab fl }bfle`õh bhq}b bf eìheb} p bf lim`bhqb( Ulmbinu |rb bf eìheb} wrbab ub} nelu`nhlan wn} ldbhqbu jéu`enu& |réi`enu p m`nfõd`enu; lfdrhnu ab bffnu clh leniwlülan lf ub} crilhn abuab |rb lwl}be`õ bh bf wflhbql& enin fl fr rfq}lz`nfbql abf unf n flu }la`le`nhbu `nh`lhqbu hlqr}lfbu( Nq}nu clh u`an dbhb}lanu wn} hrbuq}lu w}nw`lu leq`z`alabu aniàuq`elu& qlf p enin urebab enh fnu c`a}nel}mr}nu wnf`eéef`enu f`mb}lanu lf elfbhql}hnu n ene`hl} enh jrbdn ab fbül n el}mõh( Bhq}b qlhqn& lfdrhnu zbdbqlfbu |rb unh hrbuq}l jrbhqb ab uruqbhqn hnu bswnhbh l wfldr`e`alu hlqr}lfbu elheb}édbhnu #wn} bobiwfn buq}ldnf p ulj}nf) n m`bh l nq}nu eniwrbuqnu `hareqn}bu ab eìheb} #enin flu ljflqns`hlu) |rb w}narebh incnu |rb fnu enhqli`hlh( Urilan l fn lhqb}`n}& fnu ub}bu crilhnu hnu bswnhbinu cnp bh aél l rh u`hhÿib}n ab w}nareqnu `haruq}`lfbu u`hqàq`enu |rb ub clh zbh`an l lüla`} l fnu ab n}`dbh hlqr}lf p |rb enhuri`inu bh jn}il ab la`q`znu ab lf`ibhqnu& enuiàq`enu& iba`elibhqnu& w}nareqnu ab f`iw`bl& wfldr`e`alu p jb}q`f`lhqbu p |rb labiìu enhqli`hlh bf lim`bhqb( Fn lhqb}`n} hnu cleb zb} |rb bh hrbuq}l z`al enq`a`lhl wnabinu bhj}bhql}hnu l jleqn}bu wnqbhe`lfibhqb elheb}édbhnu abhq}n n jrb}l ab fnu frdl}bu anhab abul}}nfflinu hrbuq}lu leq`z`alabu& bh fl e`rala n bh bf eliwn& wn} inq`znu flmn}lfbu& iàa`enu& lee`abhqlfbu n enin }burfqlan ab hrbuq}nu cìm`qnu( Abuab bf `h`e`n ab fl z`al bh hrbuq}n wflhbql fnu ub}bu z`znu ub clh bswrbuqn l ldbhqbu lim`bhqlfbu jéu`enu& |réi`enu p m`nfõd`enu wnqbhe`lfibhqb elheb}édbhnu l fnu |rb ub urilh cnp bh aél lfdrhnu w}nareqnu `haruq}`lfbu u`hqàq`enu elwlebu ab dbhb}l} eìheb}( ¾EÕIN UB CLH ABUERM@B]QN FNU LDBHQBU ELHEB]ÉDBHNU LIM@BHQLFBU> Qlf enin ub ibhe`nhõ bh fl `hq}naree`õh& fl ldrabl ab rh iàa`en wb}i`q`õ |rb iba`lhqb rhl nmub}zle`õh eféh`el ub ffbdl}l l fl enhefru`õh& wn} w}`ib}l zb& ab |rb rhl jn}il }l}l ab qrin} wnaél abmb}ub l fl bswnu`e`õh l rh enhqli`hlhqb |réi`en w}bubhqb bh bf frdl} ab q}lmlon( Bul nmub}zle`õh ub}ì }bjb}`al l enhq`hrle`õh& wrbu buqì ffbhl ab bhubülhlu( Nq}lu nmub}zle`nhbu eféh`elu u`i`fl}bu clh lwn}qlan hrbzlu w}rbmlu& unm}b qnan bh }bfle`õh enh nq}nu enhqli`hlhqbu abf lim`bhqb flmn}lf p enh iba`elibhqnu ab run w}nfnhdlan( Enh bf abul}}nffn abf iàqnan bw`abi`nfõd`en& bf enhne`i`bhqn ab fnu jleqn}bu lim`bhqlfbu ab }`budn bh bf eìheb} cl qbh`an rh jrb}qb `iwrfun( Fl ilpn}él ab flu `hzbuq`dle`nhbu bw`abi`nfõd`elu ub cl bhjnelan lf buqra`n ab wnmfle`nhbu bswrbuqlu l rh i`uin ldbhqb wl}l abqb}i`hl} u` fl j}berbhe`l ab eìheb} bh bfflu bu a`jb}bhqb l fl ab wnmfle`nhbu hn bswrbuqlu n bswrbuqlu bh ibhn} d}lan l àuqb #buqra`n q}lhzb}ulf)( Bh nq}nu buqra`nu ub cl wl}q`an ab fl nmub}zle`õh ab `ha`z`arnu ljbeqlanu wn} rh q`wn ab eìheb} bh wl}q`erfl} p ub cl mruelan abinuq}l} fl bswnu`e`õh l rh jleqn} lim`bhqlf buwbeéj`en #buqra`n ab elunu p enhq}nfbu)( Iìu }l}l zb& ub cl cbecn bf ubdr`i`bhqn ab rhl wnmfle`õh bswrbuql l rh ldbhqb elheb}édbhn wnqbhe`lf wl}l abqb}i`hl} fl lwl}`e`õh ab elunu ab eìheb} #buqra`n w}nuwbeq`zn)( Fnu q}bu buqra`nu ibhe`nhlanu unh ab el}ìeqb} bw`abi`nfõd`en( Lrh|rb fnu buqra`nu bw`abi`nfõd`enu enhuq`qrpbh fl enhq}`mre`õh iìu bjbeq`zl wl}l buqlmfbeb} bf }`budn ab eìheb} bh wnmfle`nhbu bswrbuqlu l elheb}`dbhnu lim`bhqlfbu& q`bhbh f`i`qle`nhbu |rb a`j`erfqlh ur biwfbn enin ibelh`uinu wl}l abuerm}`} hrbznu el}e`hõdbhnu bhq}b fl irfq`qra ab ldbhqbu l fnu |rb wnabinu zb}hnu bswrbuqnu( Bhq}b flu a`j`erfqlabu |rb bhj}bhqlh wl}l buqlmfbeb} rhl }bfle`õh elrulbjbeqn bhq}b fl bswnu`e`õh l rh ldbhqb lim`bhqlf p bf abul}}nffn ab rh eìheb} wrbabh e`ql}ub? l) bf q`biwn w}nfnhdlan ab
flqbhe`l |rb ubwl}l fl bswnu`e`õh l rh el}e`hõdbhn p fl ilh`jbuqle`õh eféh`el abf eìheb}; m) fl wl}q`e`wle`õh ab iÿfq`wfbu jleqn}bu bh bf abul}}nffn ab fl bhjb}ibala& p e) fl `iwnu`m`f`ala ab abqb}i`hl} enh w}be`u`õh fl ildh`qra ab rhl bswnu`e`õh ner}}`al lünu lhqbu ab |rb ub abuerm}`b}l bf wlabe`i`bhqn( A`ecnu buqra`nu unh& labiìu& enuqnunu p ql}alanu( Lhqb fl hbebu`ala ab buqlmfbeb} iba`alu ab enhq}nf wl}l w}nqbdb} fl ulfra ab fl wnmfle`õh ab fnu bjbeqnu lazb}unu ab jleqn}bu lim`bhqlfbu& ub cl }ber}}`an l inabfnu bswb}`ibhqlfbu wl}l nmqbhb} iìu }ìw`an `hjn}ile`õh ab ur elwle`ala wl}l w}nznel} eìheb}( Wl}l bffn ub biwfblh lh`ilfbu ab flmn}lqn}`n& wn} fn dbhb}lf }nban}bu& l fnu |rb ub bswnhb bh jn}il enhq}nflal p ar}lhqb qnal ur z`al& l a`jb}bhqbu enhebhq}le`nhbu ab rh ldbhqb abf |rb ub unuwbecl |rb wrbab w}nare`} eìheb}( U`h biml}dn& qlim`àh buqnu inabfnu bswb}`ibhqlfbu q`bhbh uru f`i`qle`nhbu p fl `hjn}ile`õh |rb w}nzbbh abmb ub} `hqb}w}bqlal enh elrqbfl; bhq}b fnu l}dribhqnu iìu `iwn}qlhqbu wl}l bffn buqìh? l) flu a`jb}bhe`lu ab uruebwq`m`f`ala l fnu el}e`hõdbhnu bh fnu a`uq`hqnu ub}bu z`znu& p m) |rb hn ub ulmb enh eb}qbl u` fnu ldbhqbu elheb}édbhnu abuerm`b}qnu lf bswnhb} l fnu lh`ilfbu l lfqlu enhebhq}le`nhbu ab bffnu ub}ìh `drlfibhqb bjbeq`znu l flu anu`u mlolu l flu |rb dbhb}lfibhqb ub bswnhbh fnu ub}bu crilhnu( Fl `abhq`j`ele`õh ab ldbhqbu elheb}édbhnu cl u`an wnu`mfb l q}lzàu ab nmub}zle`nhbu eféh`elu& buqra`nu bw`abi`nfõd`enu p m`nbhulpnu lh`ilfbu l fnu erlfbu ub clh urilan buqra`nu bh erfq`znu ebfrfl}bu p bh a`zb}unu u`uqbilu ab w}rbml( ¾QNANU FNU EL]E@HÕDBHNU LIM@BHQLFBU UNH @DRLFIBHQB ]@BUDNUNU> Wl}q`bhan abf lhìf`u`u ab fnu }burfqlanu ab buqra`nu bw`abi`nfõd`enu }blf`lanu bh Buqlanu Rh`anu lhqbu ab <037 wl}l `abhq`j`el} fnu jleqn}bu |rb wl}q`e`wlh bh bf abul}}nffn ab eìheb}& ub ffbdõ l fl enhefru`õh ab |rb iìu abf 37" ab flu irb}qbu wn} eìheb} bh bub wléu wnaélh ub} lq}`mr`alu l jleqn}bu lim`bhqlfbu #Qlmfl :)( QLMFL :( W}nwn}e`õh ab irb}qbu wn} eìheb} lq}`mr`alu l jleqn}bu lim`bhqlfbu bh Buqlanu Rh`anu Jleqn} `hznfre}lan
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U` ub nmub}zlh abqbh`alibhqb fnu jleqn}bu f`uqlanu bh fl qlmfl :& ulfql l fl z`uql |rb lfdrhnu enhq}`mrpbh iìu |rb nq}nu l fl in}qlf`ala wn} eìheb} bh fl wnmfle`õh dbhb}lf ab fnu Buqlanu Rh`anu& bhq}b fnu |rb abuqlelh bf qlmlen p bf q`wn ab lf`ibhqle`õh( Buqn `ha`el |rb rhl jn}il ab abj`h`} bf }`budn ab rh ldbhqb elheb}édbhn bu
enhne`bhan fl w}nwn}e`õh ab elunu ab eìheb} lq}`mr`mfbu l fl bswnu`e`õh lf elheb}édbhn( Enin ub zb}ì iìu labflhqb& labflhqb& `iwn}qlhqbu jleqn}bu wl}l abqb}i`hl} bf }`budn } `budn ab fnu elheb}édbhnu lim`bhqlfbu unh fl ildh`qra ab fl bswnu`e`õh p fl ar}le`õh ab fl i`uil; bf enhurin ab qlmlen bu bf ibon} bobiwfn ab bffn& pl |rb fl elhq`ala ab e`dl}}nu |rb ub jribh p fl bala bh fl |rb ub `h`e`l bf cìm`qn unh anu bfbibhqnu abe`u`znu wl}l bf abul}}nffn abf eìheb} bh fnu jrilan}bu( Fnu buqra`nu bswb}`ibhqlfbu }blf`lanu bh lh`ilfbu ab flmn}lqn}`n irbuq}lh qlim`àh |rb fnu ldbhqbu elwlebu ab dbhb}l} eìheb} wrbabh zl}`l} cluql <7 i`ffnhbu ab zbebu bh ur wnqbhe`l& fn |rb u`dh`j`el |rb flu enhebhq}le`nhbu l flu |rb w}narebh eìheb} wrbabh ub} bsq}ln}a`hl}`libhqb a`jb}bhqbu( Buqn }bulfql qnalzél iìu fl `abl ab |rb hn mluql enh bswnhb}ub l rh elheb}édbhn wl}l abul}}nffl} eìheb}& u`hn |rb q`bhbh |rb al}ub flu enha`e`nhbu ab bswnu`e`õh urj`e`bhqbu wl}l |rb ub buqà bh }`budn ab wlabeb} fl bhjb}ibala( Lcn}l ub ulmb qlim`àh |rb bs`uqb qnal rhl zl}`bala ab jleqn}bu inarflan}bu |rb wrbabh `he}bibhql} n }bare`} bf }`budn ab bswnu`e`õh l ldbhqbu elheb}édbhnu& ab fnu erlfbu ub clmfl}ì iìu labflhqb( Hn mluql enh bswnhb}ub l rh ldbhqb elheb}édbhn wl}l abul}}nffl} eìheb}& wrbu àuql bu rhl bhjb}ibala bh fl |rb `hqb}z`bhbh iÿfq`wfbu jleqn}bu( ]@BUDNU AB EÌHEB] BH BF LIM@BHQB NERWLE@NHLF Fl c`uqn}`l ab fnu abucnff`hlan}bu
E`b}qnu frdl}bu ab q}lmlon n leq`z`alabu flmn}lfbu wrbabh w}bubhql} wbf`d}nu wl}l fl ulfra ab fnu q}lmlolan}bu& bhq}b fnu |rb abuqlel bf wlabe`i`bhqn abf eìheb} wn} bswnu`e`õh l ldbhqbu jéu`enu n |réi`enu |rb enhqli`hlh bf lim`bhqb nerwle`nhlf( Buqn jrb abuerm`b}qn wn} rh iàa`en `hdfàu& Wb}e`zlf Wnqq& lf nmub}zl} p hnq`j`el} bh <442 |rb lfdrhnu f`iw`lan}bu ab ec`ibhblu |rb lu`uqélh l ur enhurfqn}`n w}bubhqlmlh eìheb} bh flu mnfulu bue}nqlfbu #flu |rb enhq`bhbh fnu qbuqéerfnu)& rhl jn}il }l}l ab eìheb} bh @hdflqb}}l( Wnqq lq}`mrpõ bf abul}}nffn ab fnu qrin}bu lf lerirfli`bhqn ab cnfféh bh fnu wf`bdbu ab fl w`bf abf bue}nqn& wn} fl jlfql ab lubn ab fnu f`iw`lan}bu ab ec`ibhblu& fn erlf ffbzõ l enhu`ab}l} |rb bf mlün p bf elim`n ab }nwl j}berbhqbu wna}élh bz`ql} fl bhjb}ibala( Bun aboõ wflhqblanu anu w}`he`w`nu mìu`enu? l) fl `haree`õh ab eìheb} wn} bswnu`e`õh l rh ldbhqb elheb}édbhn #bf cnfféh) p m) ur wnu`mfb w}bzbhe`õh lf }bare`} fl bswnu`e`õh( Qlhqn Wnqq enin ur h`bqn& Cbh}p Bl}fb& c`e`b}nh nq}lu nmub}zle`nhbu& ab flu erlfbu ab}`zl}nh enhebwqnu ebhq}lfbu leb}el abf eìheb}( Enhuqlql}nh wn} bobiwfn |rb fl w}njbu`õh ab abucnff`hlan} ub `h`e`lml bh @hdflqb}}l abuab fl `hjlhe`l& fn |rb fbu c`n urwnhb} fl bs`uqbhe`l ab rh wb}énan ab flqbhe`l bhq}b bf `h`e`n ab fl bswnu`e`õh p fl abqbee`õh eféh`el abf qrin}( Lu`i`uin& ub a`b}nh erbhql ab |rb hn qnanu fnu f`iw`lan}bu ab ec`ibhblu abul}}nfflmlh eìheb}& fn erlf urdb}él bhqnhebu |rb hn qnanu fnu `ha`z`arnu unh `drlfibhqb uruebwq`mfbu l fnu ldbhqbu elheb}édbhnu( Enhj`}ile`õh ab flu nmub}zle`nhbu ab Wb}e`zlf Wnqq
L j`hlfbu abf u`dfn S@S& bh wfbhl }bznfre`õh `haruq}`lf& Znfkilh& Mbff p Mrqf`h `hjn}il}nh ab nq}nu elunu ab eìheb} bue}nqlf bh q}lmlolan}bu bswrbuqnu l lf|r`q}lhbu& wl}lj`hlu p leb`qbu ab mlffbhl& cbecn |rb en}}nmn}õ fl elwle`ala ab `hare`} eìheb} ab fnu eniwrbuqnu |réi`enu }bfle`nhlanu enh bf cnfféh #ibefl ab lf|r`q}lhbu b c`a}nel}mr}nu wnf`eéef`enu)( wnf`eéef`enu)( Wn} ur wl}qb& anu `hzbuq`dlan}bu olwnhbubu& Pli`dltl b @hec`kltl& wrmf`el}nh rh q}lmlon bh <0<2 bh bf |rb }bj`}`b}nh clmb} `hare`an eìheb} bh fl w`bf ab fl n}bol ab enhbonu lf lwf`el}fbu lf|r`q}ìh( ]burfqlanu ubibolhqbu ub nmqrz`b}nh lf w`hql} fl w`bf ab nq}nu lh`ilfbu enh cnfféh& lf|r`q}ìh ab el}mõh& leb`qb ab lhq}lebhn p ab}`zlanu ab fl e}bnunql( Wb}n hn jrb u`hn cluql <057& iìu ab e`bhqn e`herbhql lünu abuwràu abf abuerm}`ibhqn ab W( Wnqq& |rb ub `abhq`j`eõ bh bf lf|r`q}ìh fl w}bubhe`l ab mbhn #l) w`}bhn& rh wnqbhqb `hareqn} ab eìheb}& |rb qlim`àh bi`qbh fnu zbcéerfnu ab enimruq`õh p bf crin abf qlmlen n ab fbül p el}mõh(
L wl}q`} ab flu nmub}zle`nhbu bh qn}hn lf eìheb} abf bue}nqn bh abucnff`hlan}bu ub abuerm}`õ |rb? Bf eìheb} wrbab qbhb} rh n}`dbh lim`bhqlf ‑ Bf Bs`uqb rh wb}`nan ab flqbhe`l bhq}b bf `h`e`n ab fl ‑ Bs`uqb
bswnu`e`õh l rh ldbhqb elheb}édbhn p fl abqbee`õh abf eìheb}(
Rhnu `ha`z`arnu w}bubhqlh ilpn} uruebwq`m`f`ala p ‑ Rhnu }`budn ab abul}}nffl} eìheb} |rb nq}nu(
‑ Fl Fl w}bzbhe`õh n }baree`õh ab fl bswnu`e`õh l fnu
ldbhqbu elheb}édbhnu wrbab bz`ql} n a`ui`hr`} bf }`budn ab eìheb}( @ha`z`arnu bswrbuqnu l rh i`uin q`wn ab elheb}édbhn w}bubhqlh rhl i`uil jn}il ab eìheb}(
