Bio Chapter 5 Notes (Grade 11)

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-{x` rlnl~~itl abblbl~‛j`m`syh`|~ rlnl~~itl -id af ifkitik|ab ja~ {x` kiddlrlf{ abblbl~ `d a hlfl" {jly arl jl{lr`syh`|~

<&? ^{|kyifh Hlfl{in Nr`~~l~ -a u|ffl{{ ~q|arl i~ a hrik |~lk {` ibb|~{ra{l abb u`~~iobl hlf`{yul~ afk ujlf`{yul~ `d `dd~urifh dr`m hlfl{in nr`~~l~ -|~l~ Mlfklb’~ bax `d ~lhrlha{i`f {` ibb|~{ra{l abb {jl u`~~iobl `dd~urifh {ja{ n`|bk ol d`rmlk dr`m {jl haml{l~ `d {jl uarlf{~ -ur`tikl~ a ti~|ab rlurl~lf{a{i`f `d {jl ur`oaoibi{y `d ifjlri{ifh a nlr{aif hlf`{yul afk ujlf`{yul [l~{ Nr`~~l~ -a {l~{ nr`~~ i~ a nr`~~ ol{xllf a uarlf{ `d af |fgf`xf hlf`{yul afk a j`m`syh`|~ rlnl~~itl uarlf{ -|~lk {` kl{lrmifl id af ifkitik|ab i~ jl{lr`syh`|~ `r j`m`syh`|~ d`r a k`mifaf{ ujlf`{yul -if a {l~{ nr`~~" id afy `dd~urifh ~j`x~ {jl rlnl~~itl ujlf`{yul" {jl |fgf`xf hlf`{yul `d {jl uarlf{ m|~{ ol jl{lr`syh`|~ Kijyorik Nr`~~l~ -a kijyorik nr`~~ i~ a nr`~~ `d {x` ifkitik|ab~ {ja{ kiddlr if {x` {rai{~ k|l {` {x` kiddlrlf{ hlfl~ -Mlfklb ~l{ `|{ {` {l~{ id {jl ifjlri{afnl `d `fl {rai{ x`|bk jatl af imuan{ `f {jl ifjlri{afnl `d af`{jlr {rai{ -jl nr`~~lk ylbb`x" r`|fklk ~llk~ *YY__) xi{j hrllf" xrifgblk ~llk~ *yyrr) -d`|fk {ja{ `fby {jl k`mifaf{ d`rm~ `d lanj {rai{ xl rl ~j`xf if {jl D1 hlflra{i`f -ahaif" if {jl D? hlflra{i`f" {jl rlnl~~itl {rai{~ rlauularlk Bax `d Ifklulfklf{ A~~`r{mlf{ -jl ki~n`tlrlk {ja{ {jl ra{i` d`r kijyorik nr`~~l~ xa~ abxay~ 93>3>31 -fifl ki~ubayifh {jl k`mifaf{ d`rm `d o`{j {rai{~ *YP_P) -{jrll ki~ubayifh `fl k`mifaf{ afk `fl rlnl~~itl d`rm *YPrr) -{jrll ki~ubayifh {jl `uu`~i{l n`moifa{i`f `d k`mifaf{ afk rlnl~~itl d`rm~ `d {jl {x` {rai{~ *yy_P) -`fl `dd~urifh ki~ubayifh o`{j rlnl~~itl {rai{~ *yyrr) -{jl bax `d ifklulfklf{ a~~`r{mlf{ ~{a{l~ {ja{ {jl abblbl~ d`r `fl hlfl ~lhrlha{l `r a~~`r{ ifklulfklf{by `d {jl abblbl~ d`r `{jlr hlfl~ -mlafifh {ja{ {jl ifjlri{afnl `d `fl {rai{ k`l~ f`{ addln{ {jl ifjlri{afnl `d af`{jlr {rai{ [jl Njr`m`~`ml [jl`ry `d Ifjlri{afnl -Xab{lr ^|{{`f *1:88-1914) ur`u`~lk a {jl`ry oa~lk `f ji~ ~{|kil~ `f ~yfau~i~ afk {jl mihra{i`f `d ~i~{lr njr`ma{ik~ -{jl njr`m`~`ml {jl`ry `d ifjlri{afnl ~{a{l~ {ja{ hlfl~ arl b`na{lk `f njr`m`~`ml~" afk {ja{ njr`m`~`ml~ ur`tikl {jl oa~i~ d`r ~lhrlha{i`f afk ifklulfklf{ a~~`r{mlf{ ` d abblbl~ -^|{{`f rlabislk {ja{ {jl ki~{rio|{i`f `d njr`m`~`ml~ if{` kltlb`uifh haml{l~ d`bb`x~ {jl ua{{lrf d`r {x` abblbl~ `d a hlfl -k|rifh haml{l d`rma{i`f" abblbl~ ~lhrlha{l c|~{ a~ j`m`b`h`|~ njr`m`~`ml~ k`

<&> D`bb`xifh Ua{{lrf~ `d Ifjlri{afnl if J|maf~ -a ulkihrll i~ a {yul `d db`xnjar{ {ja{ |~l~ ~ymo`b~ {` ~j`x {jl ifjlri{afnl ua{{lrf~ `d {rai{~ if a damiby `tlr mafy hlflra{i`f~ -jlbu |fn`tlr {jl ur`oaoibi{y `d a uar{in|bar hlf`{yul `r ujlf`{yul if af `dd~urifh -`d{lf |~lk {` kl{lrmifl {jl url~lfnl `r ao~lfnl `d af abblbl {ja{ i~ rl~u`f~iobl d`r a ki~la~l if af ifkitik|ab A|{`~`mab Ifjlri{afnl -a|{`~`ml~ arl afy njr`m`~`ml~ a~ikl dr`m {jl ~lz njr`m`~`ml~ -a|{`~`mab ifjlri{afnl rldlr~ {` {jl ifjlri{afnl `d {rai{~ xj`~l hlfl~ arl d`|fk `f {jl a|{`~`ml~‛njr`m`~`ml 1-?? -a|{`~`mab hlfl~ arl ab~` rl~u`f~iobl d`r mafy ifjlri{lk hlfl{in ki~`rklr~ -naf ol nba~~idilk if {x` xay~3  a|{`~`mab k`mifaf{‛xjlf {jl ki~la~l-na|~ifh abblbl i~ k`mifaf{ afk {jl ifkitik|ab ja~ `fl `r o`{j n`uil~  a|{`~`mab rlnl~~itl‛xjlf {jl ki~la~l-na|~ifh abblbl i~ rlnl~~itl afk {jl ifkitik|ab ja~ o`{j n`uil~ -oy ~{|kyifh a ulkihrll" y`| naf kl{lrmifl xjl{jlr {jl ifjlri{afnl ua{{lr `d a ki~`rklr i~ a|{`~`mab k`mifaf{ `r rlnl~~itl _ldlr {` uahl ??5 d`r a {aobl `d a|{`~`mab hlfl{in n`fki{i`f~&

Hlfl{in [l~{~ Ml{j`k Gary`{yul DI^J *db|`rl~nlfnl if ~i{| jyorikisa{i`f)

Hlfl [l~{ifh

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Xja{ i~ Afabyslk -njr`m`~`ml ~{r|n{|rl afk f|molr -kl{aib~ `d njr`m`~`ml aof`rmabi{il~7 oa~lk `f ti~|abisifh" {jr`|hj db|`rl~nlfnl" a {arhl{lk rlhi`f `f a njr`m`~`ml -m|{a{i`f*~) if {jl KFA ~lq|lfnl `d  a hlfl

-aof`rmab lfsyml~ afk `{jlr ur`{lif~ *k|l {` m|{a{i`f `d hlfl {ja{ n`kl~ d`r ur`{lif)

Lzamubl -K`xf ^yfkr`ml3 lz{ra n`uy `d njr`m`~`ml ?1 -njr`fin mylb`hlf`|~ bl|glmia *NMB)3 uar{ `d  njr`m`~`ml 9 ja~ or`glf `dd afk a{{anjlk {` njr`m`~`ml ??

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Hlfl [jlrauy -hlfl {jlrauy i~ a {lnjfiq|l aimlk a{ {rla{ifh hlfl{in ki~`rklr~ oy if{r`k|nifh {jl n`rrln{ d`rm `d {jl kldln{itl hlfl if{` a ua{ilf{~ hlf`ml -~{ibb if {jl lzulrimlf{ab ~{ahl -a n`uy `d {jl f`rmab hlfl i~ if~lr{l k if{` a tln{`r" xjinj an{~ a~ a narrilr `d {jl hlfl -{jl tln{`r i~ |~|abby {jl KFA `d a tir|~" ~ifnl tir|~l~ naf la~iby ifdln{ j|maf nlbb~ -`fnl {jl f`rmab hlfl i~ klbitlrlk {` {jl nlbb" {jl n`rrln{ ur`{lif i~ ur`k|nlk -{x` ~ihfidinaf{ `o~{anbl~ danl hlfl {jlrauy7 {jl {yul `d tln{`r {ja{ i~ |~lk afk {jl u``r if{lhra{i`f `d {jl hl fl if{` njr`m`~`ml~ -{jl tir|~ naf na|~l a rl~u`f~l dr`m {jl imm|fl ~y~{lm" {j|~ kl ~{r`yifh {jl tir|~ -ab{j`|hj {jl flx hlfl~ k` hl{ {raf~dlrrlk" {jly arl f`{ ~|nnl~~d|bby if{lhra{lk if{` {jl njr`m`~`ml~‛mlafifh {jl f`rmab hlfl k`l~ f`{ hl{ rlur`k|nlk ab`fh xi{j {jl rl~{ `d {jl nlbb~ hl fl~ k|rifh nlbb kiti~i`f