Aspectos Ambientais Em Industria de Madeira Serrada

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ

 ANDRÉ LUIZ MURARA MORAES CARLOS LIMA JOSÉ ANTONIO REZENDE JUNIOR LEONARDO SANTOS PABLO GABARDO

 ASPECTOS E IMPACTOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS AMBIENTAIS NA INDUSTRIA DE MADEIRA SERRADA

CURITIBA 2011

 ANDRÉ LUIZ MURARA MORAES CARLOS LIMA JOSÉ ANTONIO REZENDE JUNIOR LEONARDO SANTOS PABLO GABARDO

 ASPECTOS E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS NA INDUSTRIA DE MADEIRA SERRADA

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F"&"ral & Para# (, 3r,a !ar('al &" aal'a4+. Or'"#%a&r5 Pr3. Dr. D',a$  A/$%'#h &a S'la CURITIBA 2011

SUMÁRIO

1. INTRODU67O 2. ASPECTOS E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS 2.1 A$!"(%$ A,b'"#%a'$ 2.2 I,!a(%$ A,b'"#%a'$ 2.2.1 A$!"(%$8I,!a(%$ A,b'"#%a'$ Na I#&9$%r'a D" Ma&"'ra S"rra&a 2.2.2 Pr'#('!a'$ I,!a(%$ A,b'"#%a'$ Da$ A%''&a&"$ Da I#&9$%r'a D" Ma&"'ra S"rra&a :. AVALIA67O DOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS :.1 G"ra4+ D$ R"$;&-$ Na I#&9$%r'a D" Ma&"'ra S"rra&a :.1.1 U$ Tra&'('#al D R"$;&- D" Ma&"'ra <. MECANISMOS PARA MITIGA67O DOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS <.1 G"$%+ A,b'"#%al D"#%r D" U,a I#&9$%r'a D" Ma&"'ra S"rra&a <.1.1 Flr"$%a$ Na%'a$ E O Cr%" S"l"%' <.1.2 M'#','=ar D"$!"r&;(' D" Á/-a Na Pr&-4+ >. CONCLUS7O ?. REFER@NCIAS

1. INTRODUÇÃO C, ba$" ", "$%-&$ &" /"$%+ a,b'"#%al 3' !r!$% "$$" %rabalh !ara r"!r"$"#%ar $ a$!"(%$ " $ ',!a(%$ a,b'"#%a'$ ", -,a '#&-$%r'a &" ,a&"'ra $"rra&a. É abr&a& %",a$ (,  &a aal'a4+ &$ ',!a(%$ $ r"$'&-$ /"ra&$ !"la !r&-4+ " b%"#4+ &a ,a%"r'a !r',a -" # (a$  ,a&"'ra &" r"3lr"$%a,"#% " ,a&"'ra #a%'a %"(#'(a$ &" ,'%'/a4+ &$ ',!a(%$ /"ra&$ a ,"' a,b'"#%" (, a /-a "  !r!r' ('(l &" (r"$(',"#% "/"%al -"  a ba$" !ara b%"#4+ &a ,a%"r'a !r',a &a '#&-$%r'a "$%-&a&a.

2. ASPECTOS E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS Para -, $'$%",a &" /"$%+ a,b'"#%al ",ba$a& #a $r'" ISO 1<001 r"$!#$"l !"la ("r%'3'(a4+ & !r("$$ '#&-$%r'al -a#% a$ &"'&$ (-'&a&$ (,  ,"' a,b'"#%"  3-#&a,"#%al -" a '#&9$%r'a 3a4a a aal'a4+ &a$ (#$"#('a$ '#%"ra4"$ &a$ $-a$ a%''&a&"$ $br"  ,"' a,b'"#%" "'%a#& -" a('&"#%"$ a,b'"#%a'$ (rra,. Al, &" b-$(ar a ,"lhr'a & !r("$$ &" 3r,a a ,'#','=ar $ ',!a(%$ $br"  ,"' a,b'"#%". Para -" %al aal'a4+ (rra  #"("$$r' 3a="r -, l"a#%a,"#% & -" (ha,a,$ &" a$!"(%$H " ',!a(%$H a,b'"#%a'$ &a$ a%''&a&"$ &a ",!r"$a8'#&9$%r'a.

2.1 ASPECTOS AMBIENTAIS A$!"(%H  &"3'#'& !"la NBR ISO1<001 (,5 "l","#%$ &a$ a%''&a&"$ !r&-%$ " $"r'4$ &" -,a r/a#'=a4+ -" !&", '#%"ra/'r (,  ,"' a,b'"#%"H. O a$!"(% %a#% !&" $"r -,a ,-'#a - "-'!a,"#% (, -,a a%''&a&" ""(-%a&a !r "la - !r al/-, -" !r&-=a, al/-, "3"'% $br"  ,"' a,b'"#%". Cha,a,$ &" a$!"(% a,b'"#%al $'/#'3'(a%'H K-"l" a$!"(% -" %", -, ',!a(% a,b'"#%al $'/#'3'(a%'.

2.2 IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS S"/-#& a &"3'#'4+ %ra='&a !"la R"$l-4+ #. 0018? & CONAMA C#$"lh Na('#al &" M"' A,b'"#%" Ar%'/ 1  ',!a(% a,b'"#%al 5 -al-"r al%"ra4+ &a$ !r!r'"&a&"$ 3;$'(a$ -;,'(a$ " b'l/'(a$ & ,"' a,b'"#%" (a-$a&a !r -al-"r 3r,a &" ,a%r'a - "#"r/'a r"$-l%a#%" &a$ a%''&a&"$ h-,a#a$ -" &'r"%a '#&'r"%a,"#%" a3"%a,5 I * a $a9&" a $"/-ra#4a "  b","$%ar &a !!-la4+Q II * a$ a%''&a&"$ $('a'$ " "(#,'(a$Q III * a b'%aQ IV * a$ (#&'4"$ "$%%'(a$ " $a#'%r'a$ & ,"' a,b'"#%"Q V * a -al'&a&" &$ r"(-r$$ a,b'"#%a'$.H O- $"a ',!a(%$ a,b'"#%a'$H !&", $"r &"3'#'&$ (, -al-"r al%"ra4+ (a-$a&a - !a$$;"l &" (rr"r # ,"' a,b'"#%" !"la$ a%''&a&"$ &a ",!r"$a -"r $"a "$%a al%"ra4+ b"#3'(a - #+. E$%a &"3'#'4+ %a,b,  %ra='&a #a NBR ISO1<001 #&"  ',!a(% a,b'"#%al  &"3'#'& (,5 -al-"r ,&'3'(a4+ & ,"' a,b'"#%" a&"r$a - b"#3'(a -" r"$-l%" # %& - ", !ar%" &a$ a%''&a&"$ !r&-%$ - $"r'4$ &" -,a r/a#'=a4+H. D"$%a 3r,a !&",$ (la$$'3'(ar $ ',!a(%$ a,b'"#%a'$ ",5 a&"r$$ -a#&

%ra=", al/-,a al%"ra4+ #"/a%'a !ara  ,"'Q " b"#3'( -a#& %ra=", al%"ra4"$ !$'%'a$ !ara  ,"' 3;$'( b'%'( - $('al "#%r# &a ",!r"$a. S+ (#$'&"ra&$ ',!a(%$ a,b'"#%a'$ $'/#'3'(a%'$ K-"l"$ -" !r al/-, ,%' $+ (#$'&"ra&$ /ra"$ !"la ",!r"$a &" a(r& (, $-a !$$'b'l'&a&" &" (rr#('a '$'b'l'&a&" abra#/#('a "8- -%r$ (r'%r'$ -" a ",!r"$a8'#&9$%r'a !&" &"3'#'r.

2.2.1 ASPECTOS E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS NA INDÚSTRIA DE MADEIRA SERRADA  A ,a'r'a &a$ a%''&a&"$ h-,a#a$ (a-$a al/-, %'! &" ',!a(% #"/a%' !ara  ,"' a,b'"#%" a$ a%''&a&"$ & $"%r ,a&"'r"'r  -,a &"la$. A a%''&a&" &" -,a '#&9$%r'a &" ,a&"'ra $"rra&a   b"#"3'('a,"#% &" %ra$ ", !"4a$ &" &',"#$"$ (,"r('a'$ (, '/a$ (a'br$ %b-a$ " !ra#(h"$. Para %al 3'#al'&a&" a ",!r"$a a&-'r" %ra$ &" ,a&"'ra !r"#'"#%" &" 3lr"$%a !r!r'a - a&-'r'&a &" %"r("'r$. E$%a %ra  %ra#$!r%a&a a% a $"rrar'a #&"  &"$&bra&a " a&-'r" $-a$ &',"#$"$ 3'#a'$. O !r&-% !&" a'#&a r"("b"r -, a(aba,"#% a%ra$ &a -$'#a/", '$a#& a-,"#% &a -al'&a&" - b%"#4+ &" -, !r&-% &'3"r"#('a&. Ca&a a%''&a&" &"" $"r a#al'$a&a &" ,a#"'ra &'3"r"#('a&a !'$ $ ',!a(%$ /"ra&$ ", (a&a "%a!a & !r("$$ !$$-", &'3"r"#%" /ra- &" '#%"#$'&a&" " !rbab'l'&a&" &" (rr"r - #;"l &" (rr#('a. Para a r"al'=a4+ &a$ a%''&a&"$ &a '#&9$%r'a &" ,a&"'ra a "%ra4+ &" ,a&"'ra &"" "$%ar '#%"rl'/a&a K$ $-a$ a%''&a&"$Q $"#& a !r&-4+ &a '#&9$%r'a -" &"%"r,'#a a &",a#&a !r %ra$ &" ,a&"'ra !r%a#% $ ',!a(%$ a,b'"#%a'$ (a-$a&$ !"la "%ra4+ &" ,a&"'ra !&", $"r r"la('#a&$ #"$%" %rabalh ", (#-#% (, ',!a(%$ &a '#&9$%r'a.

2.2.2 Principais Impacts Am!i"ntais #as ati$i#a#"s #a In#%stria #" Ma#"ira S"rra#a&

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a,b'"#%a'$ &'"r$$ $"#& $ !r'#('!a'$5 1. Cns*m #" r"c*rss nat*rais& Para r"al'=ar a$ $-a$ a%''&a&"$ a '#&9$%r'a &" ,a&"'ra $"rra&a (#$," &'"r$$ %'!$ &" !r&-%$ %a'$ (, $"rra$ 3"rra/"#$ (ab$ "l%r'($ ,a%r'a !r',a "#%r" -%r$. A "%ra4+ &" ,a%r'a !r',a &a '#&9$%r'a (a-$a ',!a(%$ &'r"%$ a ,"' a,b'"#%" !r, a -%'l'=a4+ &" -%r$ ,a%"r'a'$ ('%a&$ %a,b, (a-$a ',!a(% '#&'r"%a,"#%". P'$ a b%"#4+ &"$%"$ !r&-%$ &"!"#&" &a "%ra4+ &" r"(-r$$ #a%-ra'$. Para "'%ar a "%ra4+ &" ,a'$

r"(-r$$ #a%-ra'$ " (a-$a#& ,a'r"$ ',!a(%$  ',!r%a#%" -" a!$ a -%'l'=a4+ &$ !r&-%$ a ",!r"$a &"$%'#" $ r"$;&-$ !ara r"a!r"'%a,"#% - r"('(la/",. 2. P#as& A !&a &" rr"$  -,a !r%'(a (#$%a#%" #a$ 3lr"$%a$ &" ,a&"'ra !la#%a&a "$%" !r("$$ $" -%'l'=a &" "-'!a,"#%$ -" &",a#&a, "#"r/'a "l%r'(a - a (,b-$%+ &" al/-, %'! &" (,b-$%;"l. O$ %rabalh$ &" !&a &"", $"r ""(-%a&$ (, $ (-'&a&$ #"("$$r'$ !ara -" $"a, "'%a&$ &a#$ #a$ rr"$ " $ r"$;&-$ /"ra&$ #"$%" !r("&',"#% &"", %"r a (rr"%a &"$%'#a4+. E'$%", al/-#$ !$$;"'$ &"$%'#$ !ara $ r"$;&-$ &a !&a -" "'/", &'3"r"#%"$ #;"'$ &" '#"$%',"#% !r, %a,b, !&", a/r"/ar alr a "$%" r"$;&- %r#a#& -, $-b!r&-% &a$ a%''&a&"$ 3lr"$%a'$. :. Crt" #" +r$r"s& Na b%"#4+ &" ,a&"'ra #a%'a !ara a '#&9$%r'a $+ r"%'ra&a$ rr"$ !r $"l"('#a&a$ &" a(r& (, -, !la# &" ,a#" "$%" !la#  "$%'!-la& &" ,a#"'ra a #+ a/r"&'r a 3a-#a " 3lra &a r"/'+. U, !la# &" ,a#" a&"-a& !&" r"&-='r $ ',!a(%$ (a-$a&$ !"la "%ra4+ &" ,a&"'ra #a%'a -" (rr" !r'#('!al,"#%" ", r"/'"$ &" 3lr"$%a$ %r!'(a'$. Pr, a (rr#('a &" al/-#$ &a#$ a 3lr"$%a  '#"'%"l. É '#&'$!"#$"l -" a ",!r"$a -" $" b"#"3'('" &"$%" !r("$$ b-$-" a ,'%'/a4+ &$ ',!a(%$ (a-$a&$ !"la "%ra4+ " %ra#$!r%" &a$ %ra$ ,"$, !ara 3lr"$%a$ !la#%a&a$.  $ (a$$ #&" #+ h a !$$'b'l'&a&" &" r"&-4+ &$ ',!a(%$ #&" &"" $" a#al'$ar a 'ab'l'&a&" &a (,!"#$a4+ &$ &a#$ (a-$a&$ a ,"' a,b'"#%" !r "$%a a%''&a&" ", -%ra r"a. <. ,"-c*s& Gra#&" !ar%" &a$ '#&9$%r'a$ &" ,a&"'ra $"rra&a  r"$!#$"l !"l %ra#$!r%" " r"%'ra&a &" $-a ,a%r'a !r',a !ara '$%  #"("$$r' a ,a#-%"#4+ &" -, /ra#&" "3"%'. D"'& a /ra#&" l-," &" !r&-4+ " ba' r"#&',"#% &a$ '#&9$%r'a$ a &",a#&a !r ,a%r'a !r',a  ,-'% /ra#&" $"#& &",a#&a&$ (a,'#h"$ %ra#$!r%a&r"$ " "-'!a,"#%$ !ara r!'& (arr"/a,"#% &$ (a,'#h"$. A -%'l'=a4+ &"$%"$ ";(-l$ '#3l-' # ,"' a,b'"#%" !r l'b"rar !ar%;(-la$ #a a%,$3"ra (#$-,'r (,b-$%;"l " /"rar r"$;&-$ #a -%'l'=a4+ " ,a#-%"#4+. E$%"$ ";(-l$ a'#&a !r,", &"'& a $"- !"$ a (,!a(%a4+ & $l -" r"&-= a '#3'l%ra4+ &" /-a " !$$'"l,"#%" a 3"r%'l'&a&" & $l. A ",!r"$a -a#& r"$!#$"l !"l %ra#$!r%" &"" r"al'=ar ,a#-%"#4"$ !r/ra,a&a$ ", $"-$ ";(-l$ '$a#& r"&-4+ &a !l-'4+. Al, &'$$ a ",!r"$a &"" !r!r a (rr"%a &"$%'#a4+ &$ r"$;&-$ '#(l-'#& a4"$ !ara  r"a!r"'%a,"#% " r"('(la/",.

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0.1 ERAÇÃO DOS RES3DUOS NA INDÚSTRIA DE MADEIRA SERRADA U, ',!r%a#%" '#&'(a&r -" '#3l-"#('a &'r"%a,"#%" #a (la$$'3'(a4+ &$ ,a%"r'a'$ ", r"la4+ a ',!a(% a ,"' a,b'"#%"  a -a#%'&a&" &" r"$;&-$ $l'&$ !r&-='&$ ", $"- !r("$$ &" %ra#$3r,a4+ (#$'&"ra&a a (a!a('&a&" &" r"-%'l'=a4+ " r"('(la/", & ,"$, # 3'#al & !r("$$ &" !r&-4+ - ", (a&a -,a &a$ "%a!a$ &a (a&"'a !r&-%'a BARBOSA 2001. O !r("$$ &" !r&-4+ &" ,a&"'ra $"rra&a /"ra -, l-," $'/#'3'(a%' &" r"$;&-$ " $bra$ r'-#&a$ &a %ra#$3r,a4+ &a$ %ra$ !"la$ $"rra$ &" &"$&br. I#'('al,"#%"  r"$;&- &" ,a&"'ra !&" $"r (#$'&"ra& (, ba$%a#%" h"%"r/#" &"'& K$ ,-'%a$ ar'"&a&"$ a!r"$"#%a&a$ K$ &'"r$a$ /ra#-l,"%r'a$ &a $"rra/", " K$ &'"r$a$ (#&'4"$ &" ar,a="#a,"#% -" al%"ra, $-a$ (ara(%"r;$%'(a$ 3;$'(a$ " K &'$!"r$+ /"/r3'(a -" &'3'(-l%a $"- %ra#$!r%". S+ &" ba'a &"#$'&a&" " #+ $+ %'($ $" # $"- l-," #+ h-"r -%r$ ,a%"r'a'$ !r'#('!al,"#%" !r&-%$ -;,'($ %a'$ (, (#$"ra#%"$ 3-#/'('&a$ '#$"%'('&a$ "r#'="$ %'#%a$ &"#%r" -%r$ -" !$$a, ",'%'r /a$"$ - a!r"$ %'($ &-ra#%" !r("$$$ &" r"('(la/", - &" -"',a XUIRINO ! ('%. L'r" &"$%"$ ,a%"r'a'$ (#%a,'#a#%"$  r"$;&- !&" $"r (#$'&"ra& (, ba#al " #+ '#"r%" !'$  b'&"/ra&"l (la$$'3'(a& !"la NBR 1000< ABNT 1) (, (la$$" 2 (, !$$'b'l'&a&"$ &" $"r r"a!r"'%a& ", !r("$$$ &" r"('(la/", !r !r("$$$ &'3"r"#%"$ &$ !r("$$$ '#&-$%r'a'$ '#'('a'$ " &" $"r %ra#$3r,a& ", !r&-%$

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 %'l  (#(r"%  '&r  !l$%'(  al-,;#' "%(.  A!"$ar &a$ a#%a/"#$ a,b'"#%a'$ a '#&9$%r'a &" ba$" 3lr"$%al l%a&a a a%"#&',"#% &" ,a&"'ra $"rra&a !ara a (#$%r-4+ (''l " ar-'%"%-ra a!#%a -, ;#&'(" &" "3'('#('a "%r",a,"#%" '#$a%'$3a%r' #a !r&-4+ &$ !a&r"$ %ra&'('#a'$5 ,a&"'ra $"rra&a " $"-$ !r&-%$ %a'$ (, %b-a$ '/a$ r'!a$ $arra3$ !'$$ !r%a$ a#"la$ "$-a&r'a$ ba%"#%"$ 3rr$ &"(]$ "%( ("r(a &" a!"#a$ <2^. S"#& a$$', &""$" a%"#%ar !ara a (rr"%a &"$%'#a4+ &" r"$;&-$ " r""'%$ &a '#&9$%r'a &" ,a&"'ra $"rra&a. O ",!r"/ &$ r"$;&-$ #a !r&-4+ &" b"#$ &" alr a/r"/a& " #a b%"#4+ &" "#"r/'a $+ ,"&'&a$ $-$%"#%"'$ " "(#,'(a,"#%" a%ra"#%"$. U, "",!l &" /ra#&" a/r"/a4+ &" alr $br" r""'%$   &$ ,"'$ &" ,a&"'ra &" &",l'4+.

7 MECANISMOS PARA MITIAÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS U, &$ !a;$"$ !'#"'r$ #a &"%"r,'#a4+ &" &'$!$'%'$ l"/a'$ !ara a &"3'#'4+ &" b"%'$ " !r'#(;!'$ &a !l;%'(a a,b'"#%al 3' $ E$%a&$ U#'&$. O -" $" &"- !r ,"' &a L"' F"&"ral &"#,'#a&a "National Environment Policy Act - NEPA"  a!ra&a ", 1?. D"$%a 3r,a !a$$-$" a "'/'r -" %&$ $ ",!r""#&',"#%$ (, !%"#('al ',!a(%a#%" !r("&"$$", &"#%r" -%ra$ br'/a4"$5 a a '&"#%'3'(a4+ &$ ',!a(%$ a,b'"#%a'$ b a (ara(%"r'=a4+ &$ "3"'%$ #"/a%'$ " ( a &"3'#'4+ &" a4"$ " ,"'$ !ara ,'%'/a4+ &$ ',!a(%$ #"/a%'$. D'a#%" &$ r"3l"$ &a a!l'(a4+ & NEPA r/a#'$,$ '#%"r#a('#a'$ (, ONU BID Ba#( I#%"ra,"r'(a# &" D"$"#l',"#% " BIRD Ba#( M-#&'al !a$$ara, a "'/'r ", $"-$ !r/ra,a$ &" (!"ra4+ "(#,'(a a b$"r#('a &$ "$%-&$ &" aal'a4+ &" ',!a(% a,b'"#%al. N Bra$'l a #;"l 3"&"ral  !r',"'r &'$!$'%' l"/al a$$('a& K Aal'a4+ &" I,!a(%$ A,b'"#%a'$ &"-$" !r ,"' &a a!ra4+ L"' F"&"ral ?.: &" :1.0.11. E$%a L"' "$%ab"l"(" a Pl;%'(a Na('#al & M"' A,b'"#%" " 3'r,a  SISNAMA S'$%",a Na('#al &" M"' A,b'"#%" (, r/+ ""(-%r. O SISNAMA  (#$%'%-;& !"l$ r/+$ " "#%'&a&"$ &a U#'+ &$ E$%a&$ & D'$%r'% F"&"ral &$ M-#'(;!'$ " !"la$ F-#&a4"$ '#$%'%-;&a$ !"l P&"r P9bl'(. S"#& a "$%r-%-ra & SISNAMA "$%ab"l"('&a ", $"'$ r/+$ (#3r," &"$(r'4+ 3"'%a a $"/-'r5 1. 8r/) S*p"rir   C#$"lh &" G"r#Q 2. 8r/) Cns*ti$ " D"i!"rati$  C#$"lh Na('#al & M"' A,b'"#%"

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