I@]E@YK W]KAEQQUFN WEHFN W}kbª Fhf A}`qy`hf ie Oehikhìf Okh`yk}f: Faæa`f N`of B`lue`}f 6º Qeoeqy}e+=770 Qeoeqy}e+=770
]equok ifq Funfq ie I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e ie =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Q@QYEOFQ E W]@HAÏW@KQ IK I@]E@YK W]KAEQQUFN WEHFN
Funfq 76. 7=. 71 e 79 ‑ I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn #Funfq 66. 6=.61 e 60/7=/=770) W}kbeqqk} ‑ Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf Okh`yk}f: Faæa`f N`of B`lue`}f Q@QYEOFQ: Kq q`qyeofq w}kaeqquf`q wehf`q qák: 6( Q`qyeof fauqfyñ}`k anæqq`ak ku w}`rfik 4 Eqye e}f uo „Q`qyeof ie Wf}yeq‟. wk}yfhyk. y}`fhlunf}. akhq`ie}fhik vue e}f wkqqïren `iehy`b`af} `iehy`b`af} ju`z. fuyk} e }àu( K fuyk} e k }àu iere}`fo eqyf} hk oeqok wfyfof}( J
+ ^ F ] Eqqe q`qyeof qu}l`u nklk fwñq k qeiehyf}`qok ik ckoeo( #ako hkìõeq ie wkqqe e w}kw}`eifie)( Hk ehyfhyk. f fuykyuyenf akhy`huku f es`qy`}. k ckoeo akhy`hufrf f bfze} juqy`ìf ako fq w}ñw}`fq oákq( Reo ehyák k qu}l`oehyk ik w}kaeqqk. w}`oe`}foehye ako f b`hfn`ifie ie w}erehìák ie a}`oeq vue eo }el}f e}fo wfy}`okh`f`q( Heqyf àwkaf. wk}ào. y}fmfncfrf/qe ako k „I`}e`yk ikq Akqyuoeq‟ e hák ako k „I`}e`yk Eqa}`yk‟. wk`q f`hif hák es`qy`fo nfy`o ku l}elk( Fqq`o. k w}kaei`oehyk e}f eqy}`yfoehye k}fn #aene}`ifie e akhaehy}fìák ie fykq w}kaeqquf`q) hák e}f i`be}`ik hk yeowk. e}f uof l}fhie fui`êha`f wúmn`af. khie cfr`f wumn`a`ifie esaeqq`rf. uof rez vue ykif f wkwunfìák e}f acfofif f fqq`qy`} k w}kaeqqk e k junlfoehyk( junlfoehyk( K fuyk} e}f le}fnoehye f rïy`of / le}fnoehye if anfqqe iko`hfhye / e e}f heaeqqæ}`k vue qe w}krkafqqe f Ju}`qi`ìák( Wk} `qqk. eqqe w}kaeqqk e}f akhq`ie}fik „W}kaeqqk ie Wf}yeq‟. `qyk à. fq wf}yeq iere}`fo w}krkaf} f ju}`qi`ìák e qñ fqq`o qe wkie}`f junlf}( K Ju`z junlfrf qelu`hik k w}`haïw`k if „Ïhy`of Akhr`aìák‟. `qyk à. hák w}ea`qfrf eswk} kq oky`rkq ie quf iea`qák. fmqknr`f ku akhiehfrf qeo if} vufnvue} `hbk}ofìák( Cfr`f fmqknuyf n`me}ifie w}kmfyñ}`f. ku qejf. hák cfr`f hehcuof reifìák çq w}krfq kmy`ifq wk} oe`kq `nïa`ykq( K junlfik} qe vueifrf ykyfnoehye `he}ye akok bk}of ie lf}fhy`f ie uof quwkqyf `owf}a`fn`ifie #hák w}kiuz`f w}krfq. fwehfq re}`b`afrf fq w}krfq y}fz`ifq wenfq wf}yeq)( Hf re}ifie. eqqe q`qyeof le}frf l}fhie `owuh`ifie e y}æb`ak ie `hbnuêha`f. uof rez vue f w}kiuìák ifq w}krfq e}f ie fnyk rfnk} eakhùo`ak4 f rïy`of ieqw}kr`if ie }eau}qkq b`hfhae`}kq hák muqafrf f wuh`ìák ik fuyk} ik bfyk. e f rïy`of w}kr`if ieqqeq }eau}qkq akhqelu`f w}kiuz`} ykifq fq w}krfq vue heaeqq`yfrf e f`hif `hi`afrf k ñ}lák junlfik}( =
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Eo bfae ik esaeqqk ie Wumn`a`ifie k }àu qeow}e e}f akhiehfik ku qel}elfik. ehyák. k }àu fafmfrf wk} qe} qeow}e w}ejui`afik wenk w}kaeqqk. wk`q k junlfoehyk e}f uo eqweyæaunk eqweyæaunk wúmn`ak. wk} eseownk. jklf} k }àu wf}f kq neõeq akoe}eo( =( Q`qyeof `hvu`q`y`rk4 Fwñq k Q`qyeof Fauqfyñ}`k. Anæqq`ak. qu}le k Q`qyeof @hvu`q`y`rk( F eqa}`yf wfqqf f es`qy`} #nfy`o. l}elk) e kak}}e f aehy}fn`zfìák ik Wkie} qu}l`hik k Eqyfik( Eqye q`qyeof e}f N`hef}. ku qejf. k Ju`z fauounf fq buhìõeq ie fuyk}. iebehqk} e junlfik}( J?F$I$J F rïy`of ik a}`oe wfqqf f qe} f qka`eifie e k Eqyfik ieyào wf}f q` f y`yunf}`ifie ik w}kaeqqk K Eqyfik wfqqf f re}`b`af} ykikq kq a}`oeq wf}f wuh`} k a}`o`hkqk. er`yfhik k y}æb`ak ie `hbnuêha`f. y}fhqbk}ofhik k w}kaei`oehyk ie wf}yeq #y}`fhlunf}) eo w}kaei`oehyk n`hef}. akok i`yk fhye}`k}oehye( K Eqyfik ju`z rf` `h`a`f} k w}kaeqqk. aknce} fq w}krfq es`qyehyeq( K }àu wfqqf f qe} kmjeyk ie `hreqy`lfìák Eqyfyfn. ieqw`ik ie i`}e`ykq( K q`qyeof fhye}`k} w}ejui`afrf k }àu eo r`}yuie if wumn`a`ifie esaeqq`rf( Wk} `qqk. hk q`qyeof `hvu`q`y`rk. k w}kaeqqk wfqqku f qe} ykyfnoehye q`l`nkqk( Eqqe q`qyeof fafmku ako f n`me}ifie ie w}krf `owkhik. w}eieb`h`hik fq w}krfq f qe}eo uy`n`zfifq wf}f afif bfyk #W]KRF NELFN) e. hk fule ieqqe q`qyeof fkq „Juïzkq ie Ieuq‟. #W]KRF YF]@BFIF)( Eqqe à uo „Q`qyeof ie Rfnk}fìák‟. wk`q. uof w}krf fafmf wk} rfne} of`q vue f kuy}f( Ieqqf bk}of. fq w}krfq wfqqfo f qe} fmqknuyfq e }enfy`rfq #ku `hi`a`æ}`fq)( F ne` ieb`h`}æ akok qe}æ f qehyehìf( #ofq fk b`hfn yuik ifrf eo akhiehfìák&) Qu}le f `ià`f ie vue f Akhb`qqák à }f`hcf ifq w}krfq( Hk ehyfhyk. f w}krf wkie}`f qe} kmy`if ie vufnvue} bk}of. `hanuq`re ifhik ehqejk wf}f f kmyehìák ie w}krfq ieak}}ehyeq ie oe`kq `nïa`ykq( K Ju`z hák qelu`f k w}`haïw`k if „Ïhy`of Akhr`aìák‟. fq w}krfq fauqf}`fo ku fmqknre}`fo ie fak}ik ako k qkofyñ}`k ik qeu rfnk}( F ne` e}f enfmk}fif wk} vueo junlfrf e eseauyfrf. `qyk à. ykif f y}fjeyñ}`f w}kaeqqufn e}f qelu`if wenk ANE]K( @qqk fakhyea`f. wk`q. qkoehye k Ane}k akhcea`f f eqa}`yf #k @owà}`k y`hcf fk qeu nfik f @l}ejf)( Eqqe q`qyeof qu}l`u wf}f akhqe}yf} kq e}}kq ik q`qyeof fhye}`k}. wk}ào. hák ieu ae}yk( Hák qu}l`u ako f b`hfn`ifie vue fafmku fnafhìfhik( 1( Q`qyeof fauqfyñ}`k okie}hk ku wúmn`ak 4 Fwñq k Q`qyeof @hvu`q`y`rk. rknyf f `ià`f ie uo w}kaeqqk fauqfyñ}`k. y}`wf}y`ik #fuyk}. Ju`z e }àu)( J 1
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
+ ^ F ] Hk ehyfhyk. k Eqyfik hák fm}e oák ie qe} fuyk} ik w}kaeqqk. wk`q f rïy`of qe}`f f Qka`eifie4 es`qy`f yfomào f Fìák W}`rfif. wk}ào akok esaeìák( #Qu}le hf B}fhìf. k OW / ñ}lák eqyfyfn ie fauqfìák y}fi`a`khfnoehye( ]eqqfnye/qe vue k O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak M}fq`ne`}k à i`be}ehye ik OW ik }eqyk ik ouhik. wk`q ene fnào ie ñ}lák fauqfik} à yfomào „auqykq nel`q‟)( Ofq. k Eqyfik junlfik} #k Wkie} Jui`a`æ}`k e}f `he}ye e `owf}a`fn) à i`be}ehye ik Eqyfik fauqfìák( Eqye Yfomào e}f uo „Q`qyeof ie Wf}yeq‟. wk}yfhyk. y}`fhlunf}. akhq`ie}fhik vue e}f wkqqïren `iehy`b`af} ju`z. fuyk} e }àu( K fuyk} e k }àu iere}`fo eqyf} hk oeqok wfyfof}. `qyk à. `lufnifie ie wf}yeq #ako akhy}fi`yñ}`k e fownf iebeqf)( K Ju`z junlfrf qelu`hik k w}`haïw`k ik „N`r}e Akhreha`oehyk Oky`rfik‟. e hák k w}`haïw`k if „Ïhy`of Akhr`aìák‟. f esaeìák ik Y}`muhfn ik Jú}`( F wumn`a`ifie ik w}kaeqqk rknyku. wk}ào fwehfq wf}f f qfnf ie fui`êha`f( #rknyku f qe} q`l`nkqk wf}f ierknre} k quwkqyk }àu. hfvuene okoehyk ç qka`eifie hk qeu „Qyfyuq vuk fhye‟)( E fvu` f k}fn`ifie ie i`qqka`f if eqa}`yf( Eomk}f heqqe q`qyeof es`qyf n`me}ifie ikq oe`kq ie w}krf. cfr`f yfomào reqyïl`kq ie w}krf nelfn akok: [ `hi`qwehqfm`n`ifie `hi`qwehqfm`n`ifie ie esfoe esfoe ie ak}wk ie ien`yk. f}y( f}y( 653 ik AWW( # f }ebe}`if w}krf we}`a`fn hák wkie qe} quw}`if wenf akhb`qqák ik }àu)4 [ vufhyk fk eqyfik ifq weqqkfq. qkoehye qe}æ wkqqïren hk w}kaeqqk wehfn f w}krf eqyfmenea`if wenf ne` a`r`n. f}y( 655 ik AWW( Hk ehyfhyk. kq reqyïl`kq ie w}krf nelfn hák af}faye}`zfo f w}krf yf}`bfif( Fq w}krfq ie`sf}fo ie qe} yf}`bfifq. ku qejf. ykifq fq w}krfq wfqqf}fo f ye} k oeqok rfnk}. i`be}ehyeoehye ik vue kak}}`f hk q`qyeof `hvu`q`yñ}`k( Kmq: * F}y(62< a+a 653 ik AWW: Ak}wk ie Ien`yk @hi`}eyk à k iewk`oehyk ifq yeqyeouhcfq vue w}eqeha`f}fo k reqyïl`k ik bfyk( Eqqf w}krf yeqyeouhcfn vue quw}e f fuqêha`f if we}ïa`f( * K Ak}wk ie Ien`yk I`}eyk à k esfoe we}`a`fn enfmk}fik wk} we}ïa`f yàah`af( K esfoe ie ak}wk ie ien`yk hák wkie qe} quw}`ik wenf akhb`qqák ik fauqfik( Ofq. `qqk hák vue} i`ze} vue f w}krf if akhb`qqák à ie oehk} rfnk} ik vue f w}krf we}`a`fn. ofq q`o vue f akhb`qqák hák wkie qumqy`yu`} k esfoe ie ak}wk ie ien`yk. wk}yfhyk. f w}krf we}`a`fn iere es`qy`} #wf}f vue hák cfjf e}}kq w}kaeqquf`q). es: }àu vue akhbeqqf qeo qe} k fuyk} ik bfyk. es: akhiehf} }àu qeo cfre} afiære} if rïy`of e iewk`q eqyæ fwf}eae} r`rf. akok hk afqk ikq „@}oákq Hfreq‟( 9( Q`qyeof o`qyk(
9
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Eqqe q`qyeof es`qye eo fnluhq wfïqeq e à m`bæq`ak. wk`q k w}kaeqqk à i`r`i`ik eo iufq eyfwfq: [ 6ª Eyfwf: @hvu`q`y`rk ku `hvu`q`yñ}`k : K w}ñw}`k Wkie} Jui`a`æ}`k `h`a`f k w}kaeqqk. aknce fq w}krfq #Ju`z ie @hqy}uìák ku @hqy}uyñ}`k) e eo qelu`if ehy}elf fk Ñ}lák ie fauqfìák( [ =ª Eyfwf: Fauqfyñ}`k: K Wkie} Jui`a`æ}`k junlf #hák heaeqqf}`foehye k oeqok junlfik} vue aknceu fq w}krfq)( @owk}yfhye neom}f}. vue k hkqqk q`qyeof hák à eqqe( K `hvuà}`yk à fwehfq uof bfqe w}à/w}kaeqqufn. i`qwehqæren e ie hfyu}ezf fio`h`qy}fy`rf( Hk hkqqk q`qyeof. k úh`ak w}kaei`oehyk vue à m`bæq`ak à k Y}`muhfn ik Jú}`( Fweqf} if Ne` 66230 ye} esy`hlu`ik k n`menk/a}`oe fauqfyñ}`k e f akhy}f}`eifie fk n`menk. k hkqqk q`qyeof akhy`huf qehik fauqfyñ}`k( Eo uo q`qyeof re}ifie`}foehye fauqfyñ}`k. iere}`f r`lk}f} k w}`haïw`k „I`qwkq`y`rk‟. ku qejf. qe f wf}ye hák yeo `hye}eqqe hk w}kaeqqk. ene iere}`f qe} esy`hyk( Wf}f yfhyk yfomào qe}`f heaeqqæ}`k vue fq wf}yeq aknceqqeo e y}kuseqqeo fq w}krfq fk junlfik}. wf}f cfre} f `owf}a`fn`ifie ik juïzk( Kq lf}fhy`qyfq iebehieo vue. fwñq f Akhqy`yu`ìák ie 6033. k hkqqk q`qyeof w}kaeqqufn iere}`f qe} fqq`o. }ey`}fhik ik ju`z wkie}eq `hqy}uyñ}`kq( K oeqok hák wkie}`f aknce} fq w}krfq e qe y`reqqe iúr`ifq qkm}e wkhykq }enerfhyeq. iere}`f fmqknre} k }àu. uof rez vue qe k ju`z ieye}o`hfqqe f }efn`zfìák ie i`n`lêha`fq. k q`qyeof qe}`f `hvu`q`yñ}`k( Hk ehyfhyk. ofjk}`yf}`foehye. ehyehie/qe vue k ju`z heaeqq`yf ie wkie}eq `hqy}uyñ}`kq e vue eqye wkie i`}`o`} iúr`ifq qkm}e wkhykq }enerfhyeq( K ju`z hák wkie qumqy`yu`} fq wf}yeq. ofq iere ye} wkie}eq quwney`rkq fkq ifq wf}yeq eo r`}yuie if Re}ifie ]efn( Ofq. fyà oeqok kq lf}fhy`qyfq. vue iebehieo vue k Q`qyeof W}kaeqqufn Wehfn M}fq`ne`}k iere}`f qe} fauqfyñ}`k wu}k. ehyehieo vue k hkqqk q`qyeof hák à fauqfyñ}`k wu}k. yehik eo r`qyf vue cæ }eqvuïa`kq ik q`qyeof `hvu`q`y`rk( E. wk} `qqk. fnluhq fuyk}eq i`zeo vue qe k Q`qyeof W}kaeqqufn Wehfn M}fq`ne`}k hák à „Fauqfyñ}`k Wu}k‟. e q`o „Fauqfyñ}`k O`qyk‟( Fyehìák: Wk}ào. hák qe y}fyf ik q`qyeof o`qyk. m`bæq`ak. vue fnluhq wfïqeq fikyfo( Vueqyõeq @owk}yfhyeq : Vueqyák /6/ K q`qyeof w}kaeqqufn wehfn m}fq`ne`}k à: f) @hvu`q`y`rk4 @hvu`q`y`rk4 m) Fauqfyñ}`k4 a) Fauqfyñ}`k o`qyk( Eqqe Q`qyeof Fauqfyñ}`k O`qyk wkie ye} = q`lh`b`afikq: 6/ Hák à wu}k. wk`q wf}f kq fuyk}eq lf}fhy`qyfq qelue w}`haïw`k „I`qwkq`y`rk‟. `qyk à. k Jui`a`æ}`k akowneyfoehye `he}ye4 =/ Hák à wu}k ier`ik k w}`haïw`k if Re}ifie ]efn #eqye q`qyeof hák à fikyfik hk M}fq`n) 5
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Vueqyák /=/ K q`qyeof w}kaeqqufn wehfn m}fq`ne`}k à: f) @hvu`q`y`rk4 @hvu`q`y`rk4 m) Fauqfyñ}`k wu}k4 a) Fauqfyñ}`k o`qyk( W]@HAÏW@KQ: À `owk}yfhye hák akhbuhi`} kq W}`haïw`kq ie I`}e`yk Wehfn ako kq ik I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn( Kq W}`haïw`kq qák re}ifieq buhifhyeq. ifn` wf}yeo kuy}fq re}ifieq vue k Eqyfik w}eyehie }eqluf}if} e qelu`}. qkm wehf ie kbehie} k Eqyfik Ieoka}æy`ak ie I`}e`yk( Hák qe uqf f c`e}f}vu`f ehy}e w}`haïw`kq. ofq q`o f }el}f if enfqy`a`ifie. fuoehyfhik f fm}fhlêha`f ie uo e i`o`hu`hik f fm}fhlêha`f ie kuy}k( 6( W]@HAÏW@K IK BFRK] ]E@ ku BFRK] N@ME]YFY@Q : K w}`haïw`k ik „Bfrk} ]e`‟ à k lêhe}k. vue wkqqu` akok eqwàa`e k w}`haïw`k ik „@h ium`k w}k }ek‟( K Eqyfik yeo k i`}e`yk ie wuh`} fvuene quje`yk vue r`e} f w}fy`af} f akhiuyf wuhïren e f ykik i`}e`yk #i`}e`yk fmqy}fyk ie wuh`}) qe akhy}fwõe uo iere} #iere} ie ykikq if qka`eifie hák w}fy`af}eo f akhiuyf wuhïren)( Vufhik fnluào ieqauow}e f ne`. k Eqyfik wfqqf f ye} k i`}e`yk akha}eyk ie wuh`}( F eqqe i`}e`yk qe akhy}fwõe uo iere}. vue hf re}ifie à uo i`}e`yk: I`}e`yk ç N`me}ifie . wk`q k i`}e`yk ç n`me}ifie à `hi`qwkhïren. `}}ehuha`æren #Ier`ik W}kaeqqk Nelfn)( Hf re}ifie. eqqe i`}e`yk ç n`me}ifie à `hi`qwkhïren. e `}}ehuha`æren. wk`q à uo i`}e`yk y}fhq`hi`r`iufn. à uo i`}e`yk ie ykik k ak}wk qka`fn( Wk}yfhyk. à uo iere} ik Eqyfik yuyenf} yfn i`}e`yk( Ehyák. oeqok vue k }àu hák vue`}f b`af n`r}e. k w}kaeqqk iere}æ y}fo`yf} fyà k qeu b`o #hák mfqyf f fuyk fauqfìák ik }àu wf}f vue k w}kaeqqk qe b`hie e k }àu auow}f wehf)( Ou`ykq fuyk}eq i`qauyeo qe cfr`f n`ie ku hák hk w}kaeqqk wehfn. akhq`ie}fhik vue n`ie à uof w}eyehqák }eq`qy`if( Ofq. k Eqyfik à vueo eqyæ ikq ik`q nfikq. yuyenfhik k i`}e`yk ie wuh`} e f n`me}ifie( K akhbn`yk es`qye. k vue qe i`qauye à qe cæ n`ie( Qe k akhbn`yk we}ofheae} fyà k b`o. k ju`z iere}æ fmqknre} k }àu wk} `hqub`a`êha`f ie w}krfq #f}y( 132. R@@. AWW)( K w}`haïw`k ik „`h iúm`k w}k }ek‟ wf}ye if w}eo`qqf vue ckure uo w}kaeqqk. wk}ào. fq w}krfq aknc`ifq qák `hqub`a`ehyeq. w}erfneaehik k akhbn`yk. wk}yfhyk. k }àu iere qe} fmqknr`ik( Cæ w}erfnêha`f if n`me}ifie qkm}e f wuh`ìák #huof q`yufìák ie iúr`if) à k w}`haïw`k ik „bfrk} }e`‟( @qqk. wk`q. k q`qyeof à bfrk}æren ç n`me}ifie( K q`qyeof à `ow}elhfik wenk „bfrk} }e`‟( K Y}`muhfn ik Jú}` yfomào qelue eqye W}`haïw`k( 2
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Kmqe}rfìák: Es`qye i`be}ehìf ehy}e „bfyk wehfn‟ e „bfyk w}kaeqqufn wehfn‟. eqye úny`ok. à f fauqfìák esw}eqqf. f hf}}fìák ikq bfykq. k i`f. k ck}æ}`k. k vue bez k quje`yk. eya((((
VUEQYÕEQ: Vueqyák 6: „F‟ bk` iehuha`fik wk} bu}yk( Iu}fhye k w}kaeqqk. qu}l`u w}krf ie vue f akhiuyf bk` w}fy`afif ako r`knêha`f( K OW hfif bez( K ju`z yfomào hák. e akhiehku k }àu wk} bu}yk(#„afqk ie ouyfy`k n`men`‟) Fwenf}fo fauqfìák e iebeqf( Vufn f iea`qák f qe} w}kbe}`if wenk Y}`muhfn; f) akhiehf wk} }kumk( } kumk( #Hák wkie. wk`q cfre}`f quw}eqqák ie `hqyíha`f)( m) ofhyào f akhiehfìák akhiehfìák wk} bu}yk. wk`q. fb`hfn. ene qumy}f`u ak`qf fnce`f( a) fmqknre k }àu. vue huhaf of`q wkie}æ qe} w}kaeqqfik wk} eqqe bfyk( ]eqwkqyf: Ney}f a. wk`q k }àu hák bk` iehuha`fik wenk y`wk wehfn ak}}eyk e hák wkie qe} wehfn`zfik wenk e}}k ik OW( Fnào i`qqk. h`hluào wkie}æ qe} w}kaeqqfik iufq rezeq wenk oeqok bfyk( „Hkh m`q `h `ieo‟( #I`be}ehye ie ]`qak Iuwnk) K Y}`muhfn hák wkie}æ fw}ea`f} f r`knêha`f w}fy`afif(
Vueqyák =: „F‟ bk` iehuha`fik wk} bu}yk( Iu}fhye k w}kaeqqk. qu}l`u w}krf ie vue f akhiuyf bk` w}fy`afif ako r`knêha`f( Hk w}fzk ifq fnelfìõeq b`hf`q / tehyák hák fw}eqehyku fnelfìõeq b`hf`q #fhyeq if }ebk}of). k OW wei`u w}fzk wf}f fi`yf}( K ju`z helku e akhiehku k }àu wk} bu}yk( K vue bfz k OW; ]eqwkqyf: #}eqwkqyf vue k esfo`hfik} vue}`f ) À uof vueqyák ie W}`haïw`k if Km}`lfyk}`eifie. k OW yeo km}`lfìák ie fi`yf}. e hák w}ea`qf qe} fuyk}`zfik wenk ju`z. q`owneqoehye bf}æ k fi`yfoehyk e k ju`z }eaeme ku hák( K OW hák bfz hfif. wk}vue iere}`f ye} fi`yfik fhyeq if iebeqf( K OW hák wkie}æ fwenf}. wk}vue qe fwenf k }àu qe}æ fmqknr`ik( #wk`q bk` junlfik wenk a}`oe e}}fik)( Qe hák ckureqqe qehyehìf wkie}`f fyà qe wehqf} eo Ofhifyk ie Qelu}fhìf( / @owk}yfhye qfme} vue f bfnyf ie fnelfìõeq b`hf`q if iebeqf faf}}eyf hun`ifie. if fauqfìák. à fwehfq hun`ifie }enfy`rf. wk`q qe }ewk}yf fk vue eqyæ hf iehúha`f. e k }àu wkie qe iebehie} ik vue eqyæ heqqf iehúha`f( Qúounf 627 QYB: À HUNF F IEA@QÁK IK Y]@MUHFN VUE FAKNCE. AKHY]F K ]ÀU. HUN@IFIE HÁK F]LÞ@IF HK ]EAU]QK IF FAUQFÌÁK. ]EQQFNRFIKQ KQ AFQKQ IE ]EAU]QK IE KBÏA@K( <
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
F vueqyák iere}`f fqq`o qe} bk}ounfif : „F‟ bk` iehuha`fik wk} bu}yk( Iu}fhye k w}kaeqqk. qu}l`u w}krf ie vue f akhiuyf bk` w}fy`afif ako r`knêha`f( Hfq fnelfìõeq b`hf`q #fhyeq if }ebk}of). k OW wei`u w}fzk wf}f fi`yf}( K ju`z helku e akhiehku k }àu wk} bu}yk( K vue bfz k OW; =( W]@HAÏW@K IK IER@IK W]KAEQQK NELFN : „Ier`ik W}kaeqqk Nelfn‟ à k w}kaeqqk w}er`qyk hf ne` #}`yk $ lf}fhy`fq). ieqie vue }eqwe`yfikq ykikq kq w}eae`ykq e lf}fhy`fq `he}ehyeq ç ofyà}`f( Qe bk}eo r`knfikq w}eae`ykq ku lf}fhy`fq. k ier`ik w}kaeqqk nelfn eqyf}æ ieqr`}yufik( / ]@YKQ FHY@LKQ: Fyehìák: k hkrk ]`yk K}i`hæ}`k à k oeqok vue k Quoæ}`k. k oeqok vue f w}`oe`}f bfqe ik Y}`muhfn ik Jú}` e à k oeqok vue k w}kaei`oehyk w}er`qyk hf Ne` ie Yñs`akq #ieqfwf}eaeo ykikq kq }`ykq eqwea`f`q ik AWW. ofq we}ofheaeo kq }`ykq eqwea`f`q ifq Ne`q Esy}frflfhyeq): Esy}frflfhyeq): / K}i`hæ}`k: quwe}`k} f 9 fhkq / Quoæ}`k: = f 9 fhkq WWN / Quof}ïqq`ok: Ju`zfik Eqwea`fn a}`o`hfn: fmf`sk ie = fhkq( #0700) #Jfof`q wkie}æ y}fhqbk}of} k }`yk of`q nkhlk eo of`q au}yk. k akhy}æ}`k wkie) ]@YK K]I@HÆ]@K: #]eanuqák) Iehúha`f ku Vue`sf ]eaem`oehyk
A`yfìák @hye}}klfyñ}`k Fnelfìõeq
W}en`o`hf}eq W}en`o`hf}eq ku Iebeqf w}en`o`hf} W}krfq if Fauqfìák W}krfq if Iebeqf I`n`lêha`fq Fnelfìõeq B`hf`q Qehyehìf ]@YK QUOÆ]@K: #Ieyehìák/ hák fio`ye }el`oe beacfik) Iehúha`f ku Vue`sf ]eaem`oehyk A`yfìák @hye}}klfyñ}`k Fnelfìõeq W}en`o`hf}eq ku Iebeqf w}en`o`hf} W}krfq if Fauqfìák F(@(J( / F F@J iere kak}}e} eo 17 i`fq akhyfikq if fw}ea`fìák if iebeqf w}àr`f hk }`yk quoæ}`k4 / F F@J iere kak}}e} eo 27 i`fq akhyfikq if fw}ea`fìák if iebeqf w}àr`f hk }`yk k}i`hæ}`k4 / F F@J iere kak}}e} eo 07 i`fq akhyfikq if fw}ea`fìák if iebeqf w}àr`f hk Y}`muhfn ik Jú}` #w}khúha`f)( 3
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
F i`be}ehìf of`k} ehy}e quoæ}`k e k}i`hæ}`k: qe hf F@J qu}l`} heaeqq`ifie ie }efn`zf} hkrfq i`n`lêha`fq: hk }`yk k}i`hæ}`k à wkqqïren akhre}ye} f fui`êha`f eo i`n`lêha`f( Hák heaeqqf}`foehye f F@J qe}æ }eof}afif. wk`q k ju`z wkie}æ iea`i`} fm}`} w}fzk wf}f. eo a`hak i`fq. fq wf}yeq fw}eqehyf}eo fnelfìõeq b`hf`q eo oeok}`f`q e w}kbe}`} qehyehìf eqa}`yf eo iez i`fq. F}y( 971. @@. AWW( À anf}k vue qe k }àu vu`qe} qe} kur`ik ene qe}æ. ierehik k ju`z }eof}af} ifyf wf}f kur`/ nk(
Kmqe}rfìák: Qe k ier`ik w}kaeqqk w}er`qyk eo ne` hák bk} qelu`ik. hák cfre}æ Ier`ik W}kaeqqk Nelfn( Ehy}eyfhyk. qe hák ckure} w}ejuïzk. hák cfre}æ hun`ifie f qe} fnelfif( Fnào i`qqk. qe fq wf}yeq akhqehy`}eo. enfq hák wkie}ák fnelf} hun`ifie( A]@OEQ IE ]EQWKHQFM@N@IFIE: ]EQWKHQFM@N@IFIE: Iehúha`f Hky`b`afìák ik qe}r`ik} wf}f Iebeqf W}en`o`hf} eqa}`yf eo 65 i`fq #a}`oe Esy`hìák + fb`fhìæren) ^ ]eaem`oehyk if Iehúha`f ]@YK K]I@HÆ]@K NE@ IE YÑS@AKQ: YÑS@AKQ: Iehúha`f @hy`ofìák ik Iehuha`fik wf}f Iebeqf W}en`o`hf} ie Oà}`yk eqa}`yf eo 67 Esy`hìák + i`fq ^ ]eaem`oehyk if Iehúha`f A`yfìák ik ]àu F(@(J ~ Yeqyeouhcfq ie Fauqfìák Yeqyeouhcfq Yeqyeouhcfq ie Iebeqf @hye}}klfyñ}`k Iemfyeq K}f`q Qehyehìf eo Fui`êha`f / ]@YKQ HKRKQ: HKRKQ:
0
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
]eje`yf f Iehúha`f #f}y(105) + Iehúha`f ku Vue`sf Ju`z ^ ]eaeme f Iehúha`f A`yfìák Iebeqf W}en`o`hf} Fmqknr`ìák Fmqknr`ìák Quoæ}`f #f}y(10<) + eqa}`yf eo 67 i`fq #f}y(102) ^ Akhb`}of ]eaem`oehyk if Iehúha`f ku Vue`sf ~ F(@(J( ~ Kbehi`ik #qe ckure}) Yeqyeouhcfq ie Fauqfìák Yeqyeouhcfq Yeqyeouhcfq ie Iebeqf @hye}}klfyñ}`k Iemfyeq K}f`q Qehyehìf K}fn * K }`yk fhy`lk qñ qe}æ uqfik qe fq Yeqyeouhcfq jæ y`re}eo q`ik kur`ifq( JU@ZFIKQ EQWEA@F@Q: [ Hkq Ju`zfikq Eqwea`f`q ckure ku hák fb}khyf fk W}`haïw`k ik Ier`ik W}kaeqqk Nelfn hf Ne` 0700+05. yehik eo r`qyf f Y}fhqfìák Wehfn; / 6ª ak}}ehye: F y}fhqfìák hák r`knf k Ier`ik W}kaeqqk Nelfn. wk`q qe}`f uof esaeìák fk oeqok. uof rez vue à f w}ñw}`f Akhqy`yu`ìák hk f}y( 03. @. vue ieye}o`hf f a}`fìák ikq ju`zfikq eqwea`f`q( Ehyák. qe}`f uof esaeìák y}fz`if wenf w}ñw}`f Akhqy`yu`ìák( Kq juïzeq we}aeme}fo vue f wehf weauh`æ}`f. ounyf. hák auow}`f f buhìák ie }eqqka`fn`zf}( Ehyák. y`re}fo f `ià`f ie y}fhqbk}of} f wehf weauh`æ}`f eo aeqyfq mæq`afq. ierehik qe} ehy}elue i`}eyfoehye ç qka`eifie( Eqqf bk` f 6ª wkq`ìák f qu}l`}. wk}ào. hák à f ofjk}`yæ}`f( / =ª ak}}ehye: F y}fhqfìák wehfn à k Ier`ik W}kaeqqk Nelfn. hfq `hb}fìõeq ie oehk} wkyeha`fn kbehq`rk. uof rez vue à k w}kaei`oehyk w}er`qyk eo ne`( Eo fui`êha`f w}en`o`hf} iereo eqyf} w}eqehyeq k ju`z. k OW. k fuyk} ik bfyk e f rïy`of. wkiehik eqyeq úny`okq eqyf}eo fakowfhcfikq ie firklfik( K kbehi`ik ie vu`qe} wkie}æ yfomào eqyf} ako qeu firklfik( Wk}yfhyk. k akhy}fi`yñ}`k e f fownf iebeqf eqyf}ák w}eqehyeq e f y}fhqfìák eqyf}`f w}kyel`if wenf w}eqehìf ik junlfik}( Eqqf à f ak}}ehye ofjk}`yæ}`f( 67
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
K f}y(39 w}erê vue „fwn`afif esanuq`rfoehye wehf ie ounyf. qeu auow}`oehyk bf}/qe/æ oei`fhye wflfoehyk hf Qea}eyf}`f ik Ju`zfik‟( Wf}æl}fbk úh`ak „ebeyufik k wflfoehyk. k Ju`z ieanf}f}æ esy`hyf f wuh`m`n`ifie. ieye}o`hfhik vue f akhiehfìák hák b`vue akhqyfhik ikq }el`qy}kq a}`o`hf`q. esaeyk wf}f b`hq ie }evu`q`ìák jui`a`fn‟( jui`a`fn‟( Hk ehyfhyk. k f}y( 35 i`z vue „hák ebeyufik k wflfoehyk ie ounyf. qe}æ be`yf f akhre}qák eo wehf w}`rfy`rf if n`me}ifie. ku }eqy}`y`rf ie i`}e`ykq. hkq ye}okq w}er`qykq eo ne`‟( / A}ïy`af: Eqqe f}y`lk à `hakhqy`yua`khfn. wk`q hák qe wkie akhre}ye} f ounyf eo wehf w}`rfy`rf ie n`me}ifie yehik eo r`qyf vue k fauqfik hák bk` w}kaeqqfik e junlfik( / Fyehìák: Eqqe f}y`lk hák bk` ieanf}fik `hakhqy`yua`khfn. ofq jæ vue f `hakhqy`yua`khfn`ifie à er`iehye ene hák à fwn`afik( Ieqqf bk}of. qe f wehf ie ounyf bk} ieqauow}`if. iere}æ qe} eseauyfif hk aïren e hák y}fhqbk}ofif eo wehf w}`rfy`rf ie n`me}ifie( / 1ª ak}}ehye: #À uof ak}}ehye lf}fhy`qyf)( F y}fhqfìák wehfn à r`knfìák eqafhaf}fif ik Ier`ik W}kaeqqk Wehfn. uof rez vue hfif vue f ne` w}erê à }efn`zfik hf w}æy`af #eqqf à f yeqe ie Le}fnik W}fik)( Eqqf ak}}ehye qñ wkie}æ qe} fikyfif eo w}krf qe k esfo`hfik} bk} Le}fnik W}fik #]`k ie Jfhe`}k). ku qe bk} hk ]`k L}fhie ik Qun( Kmqe}rfìák: Hf w}æy`af. }efnoehye hák cæ Ier`ik W}kaeqqk Nelfn. wk`q hák cæ fownf iebeqf e akhy}fi`yñ}`k. f ne` hák à auow}`if( Wk} `qqk. k ju`z wkie}æ oki`b`af} kq ye}okq if y}fhqfìák wehfn qe re}`b`af} w}ejuïzk. `nelfn`ifie. `hakhqy`yua`khfn`ifie( Wk} akhqelu`hye. afme}æ }eau}qk ie fwenfìák ieqqf iea`qák vue oki`b`aku kq ye}okq ik fak}ik #k OW ku k fuyk} ik bfyk wkieo }eak}}e})( 1( W]@HAÏW@K IF FOWNF IEBEQF : Ie ykifq fq c`wñyeqeq ie hun`ifie f of`q w}kræren à f wk} ae}aefoehyk ie iebeqf ( Hk W}kaeqqk Wehfn. f Fownf Iebeqf à qkoehye ik }àu. ykyfnoehye i`be}ehye ie Akhy}fi`yñ}`k Akhy}fi`yñ}`k vue à wf}f fomfq fq wf}yeq( F fownf iebeqf hk W}kaeqqk Wehfn à uo akhae`yk beacfik. wk`q qñ cæ Fownf Iebeqf qe ckure} q`ik kmqe}rfik k m`hùo`k fuykiebeqf e iebeqf yàah`af. qe hák ckure} cfre}æ ae}aefoehyk ie iebeqf( FOWNF IEBEQF ? FUYKIEBEQF $ IEBEQF YÀAH@AF F Fuykiebeqf à akhqfl}fif wenk „I`}e`yk ie fui`êha`f‟ e wenk „I`}e`yk ie w}eqehìf ik }àu‟( / I`}e`yk ie fui`êha`f : À k i`}e`yk vue k }àu yeo ie if}. ene w}ñw}`k. f quf re}qák bæy`af. hák mfqyfhik f iebeqf ik firklfik( À k i`}e`yk vue k }àu yeo ie qe} kur`ik wenk ju`z. akhqfl}fik wenk `hye}}klfyñ}`k( `hye}}klfyñ}`k( 66
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
/ I`}e`yk ie w}eqehìf : K i`}e`yk ie w}eqehìf à k i`}e`yk ie eqyf} w}eqehye eo ykifq fq fui`êha`fq( K }àu yeo i`}e`yk ie eqyf} b`q`afoehye w}eqehye eo ykikq kq fykq w}kaeqquf`q( @owk}yfhye }eqqfnyf} vue akhbk}oe k f}y( =6< ik AWW „Qe k ju`z re}`b`af} vue f w}eqehìf ik }àu wkie}æ afuqf} cuo`ncfìák. yeok}. ku qà}`k akhqy}fhl`oehyk ç yeqyeouhcf ku fk kbehi`ik. ie okik vue w}ejui`vue f re}ifie ik iewk`oehyk. bf}æ f `hvu`}`ìák wk} r`iekakhbe}êha`f e. qkoehye hf `owkqq`m`n`ifie ieqqf bk}of. ieye}o`hf}æ f }ey`}fif ik }àu. w}kqqelu`hik hf `hvu`}`ìák. ako f w}eqehìf ik qeu iebehqk}‟: Heqqe afqk. cfre}æ o`y`lfìák ik i`}e`yk ie w}eqehìf ik }àu( Hk ehyfhyk. eqqf o`y`lfìák kak}}e qkoehye hk okoehyk if k`y`rf if yeqyeouhcf. wk`q k }àu. hf c`wñyeqe ieqa}`yf hk f}y`lk. qñ qe}æ }ey`}fik if qfnf ie fui`êha`f hk okoehyk ik iewk`oehyk if oeqof. iewk`q ene }eyk}hf}æ f qfnf ie fui`êha`f( F Fuykiebeqf à wf}f k }àu i`qwkhïren. wk`q eqye yeo i`}e`yk fk q`nêha`k e k i`}e`yk ie hák w}kiuz`} w}krfq eo qeu w}ejuïzk( Hk ehyfhyk. wf}f k juïzk. f fuykiebeqf à `hi`qwkhïren( Jæ k i`}e`yk ç iebeqf yàah`af à `hi`qwkhïren wf}f fomkq( #wf}f k }àu e wf}f k juïzk. k meo ju}ïi`ak à fmqknuyfoehye `hi`qwkhïren wf}f k w}ñw}`k Eqyfik)( F Iebeqf Yàah`af à f iebeqf be`yf wk} uo firklfik eo muqaf if n`me}ifie ik }àu( Eo }fzák ik Eqyfik yuyenf} f n`me}ifie ik }àu. wf}f fomkq #ju`z e }àu). f Iebeqf Yàah`af à `hi`qwkhïren( F Iebeqf Yàah`af yeo. wk}yfhyk. vue qe} ebey`rf #iebeqf ebey`rf à i`be}ehye ie iebeqf eb`afz4 iebeqf eb`afz q`lh`b`af kmye} ês`yk. iebeqf ebey`rf q`lh`b`af vue k firklfik yeo vue ye} k oïh`ok ie akhcea`oehyk heaeqqæ}`k wf}f uy`n`zf} kq oeafh`qokq ak}}eykq wf}f f iebeqf ik }àu)( K firklfik iere ebey`rfoehye yuyenf} f iebeqf ik }àu( Qe k ju`z ehyehie} vue k firklfik hák yeo akhi`ìõeq ie wfy}ka`hf} f iebeqf ik }àu. wkie}æ ieqy`yu`} k firklfik qeo k `hy`of} w}er`foehye e `hy`of}æ k }àu wf}f akhqy`yu`} kuy}k w}kau}fik}4 f`hif vue k }àu vue`}f hák wkie}æ akhqy`yu`} k oeqok w}kau}fik} vue bk` ieqy`yuïik wenk ju`z( @qqk. eo r`}yuie if fownf iebeqf( Qe k }àu hfif b`ze}. k ju`z hkoef}æ iebehqk} wúmn`ak ku firklfik ify`rk( Qe f Fownf Iebeqf e f Iebeqf Yàah`af qák wf}f f w}kyeìák ik }àu. cæ w}ekauwfìák ako f a`yfìák ik oeqok. ehyák: Fyufnoehye. es`qye f wkqq`m`n`ifie ie a`yfìák b`ayf wk} ck}f ae}yf ik }àu. hk w}kaeqqk wehfn( Fhyeq f úh`af bk}of ie a`yfìák b`ayf we}o`y`if wenf ne` e}f f a`yfìák wk} ei`yfn #wf}f fvuene vue eqyf qe kaunyfhik wf}f hák qe} a`yfik)( Cæ w}ekauwfìák ik ehyehi`oehyk qumjeyk ik kb`a`fn ie juqy`ìf. i`fhye ie ieye}o`hfif a`}auhqyíha`f( / A`yfìák Weqqkfn : 6/ Qe k }àu bk` a`yfik. akowf}eaeu ç fui`êha`f e bfnku qkm}e k bfyk. f`hif vue yehcf oehy`ik. ene uqku if fuykiebeqf #i`}e`yk ç fui`êha`f e i`}e`yk ie w}eqehìf)( K }àu qñ hák wkie oehy`} e hák wkie q`neha`f} eo iufq c`wñyeqeq: 6=
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
f) Qkm}e qeuq ifikq ie vufn`b`afìák4 Kmqe}rfìák: Eo w}krf qumjey`rf if iebehqk}`f wúmn`af. à wkqqïren quqyehyf} vue k }àu wkie oehy`} qkm}e qeuq ifikq ie vufn`b`afìák eo r`}yuie ik i`}e`yk ie hák w}kiuìák ie w}krfq akhy}f q` oeqok( m) Bfze} fuyk/fauqfìák bfnqf #a}`oe w}er`qyk hk AW)( =/ Qe k }àu akowf}eaeu eo fui`êha`f e we}ofheaeu eo q`nêha`k. #uqku qeu i`}e`yk ie w}eqehìf. ofq hák ie fui`êha`f) ene wkie}æ qe} kur`ik wkqye}`k}oehye fyà f qehyehìf ku fyà f w}khúha`f hk afqk ik Y}`muhfn ik Jú}`( @qqk. wk`q. à i`}e`yk ik }àu we}ofheae} eo q`nêha`k e hák bfaunifie ik ju`z kur`/nk wkqye}`k}oehye. wk}yfhyk. qe k }àu vue} qe} kur`ik. k ju`z ye}æ vue w}kaeie} f quf k`y`rf( k `y`rf( K }àu wkie uqf} wf}a`fnoehye ik i`}e`yk ie q`nêha`k(
Kmqe}rfìák: Qe k }àu hák }eqwkhie} ç we}luhyf f ene i`}`l`if. eqqf we}luhyf hák wkie}æ qe} akhq`lhfif eo fyf. wk`q w}ejui`af}`f k }àu( 1/ A`yfik wf}f k `hye}}klfyñ}`k hák fwf}eaeu. qe}æ }eren. `qyk à. hák qe}æ `hy`ofik ikq w}ñs`okq fykq. wk`q fvu` fm}`u oák if fuykiebeqf( K firklfik qe}æ `hy`ofik e wkie}æ w}kaeie} f iebeqf hk}ofnoehye(
VUEQYÕEQ: Vueqyák6: [ F hkrf }eifìák ik f}y( 632 ik AWW w}eqe}rku k i`}e`yk fk q`nêha`k; F hkrf }eifìák ik f}y( 632 ik AWW w}ejui`aku k i`}e`yk fk q`nêha`k( Fhyeq if fnye}fìák y}fz`if wenf Ne` 67(<0=+71. wf}ye ik f}y( 632 e}f `hakhqy`yua`khfn. ofq kq juïzeq n`fo k f}y`lk wk} `hye`}k wf}f k }àu #„k q`nêha`k ik }àu wkie}æ qe} `hye}w}eyfik eo w}ejuïzk if iebeqf‟). hk okoehyk ik `hye}}klfyñ}`k. afuqfhik hun`ifie ik oeqok. meheb`a`fhik k }àu. jæ vue ræ}`kq w}kaeqqkq e}fo ieanf}fikq hunkq( Hk ehyfhyk. f hkrf }eifìák ik wf}æl}fbk úh`ak ik f}y`lk fne}yf k ju`z vue „K q`nêha`k hák wkie}æ qe} `hye}w}eyfik eo w}ejuïzk if iebeqf‟. er`yfhik vue k ju`z akhiehe k }àu wk} ye} we}ofhea`ik eo q`nêha`k hk `hye}}klfyñ}`k( Vueqyák =: [ Qe k }àu bk} }eren. k ju`z iere iea}eyf} quf w}`qák; Fk qe} }eren. k }àu eqyæ uy`n`zfhik ie uo i`}e`yk vue à iene( Wk} `qqk. ene hák wkie}æ qe} w}ejui`afik wk} uy`n`zf} ieqqe i`}e`yk( Ehyák. k q`owneq bfyk ik }àu qe} }eren hák ehqejf f iea}eyfìák ie quf w}`qák( Kmqe}rfìák: Le}fnoehye. k }àu à w}eqk heqqe okoehyk wk}vue bul`u e hák q`owneqoehye wk} qe} }eren( 61
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Ofq. f`hif fqq`o. qe k }àu akowf}eae}. ene ye}æ k i`}e`yk ie qe} kur`ik e wfqqf}æ f qe} `hy`ofik ie ykikq kq fykq w}kaeqquf`q( Afqk k w}kaeqqk eqyejf eo y}ío`ye hf =ª `hqyíha`f. f wkq`ìák ofjk}`yæ}`f à hk qehy`ik ie vue k ju`z ie 6º l}fu à vueo `}æ kur`/nk #hák qe}æ uo oeom}k ik Y}`muhfn). ofq kq fuykq we}ofheaeo hf =º `hqyíha`f( `hqyíha`f( Qe k }àu fhyea`wfifoehye `hbk}of} fk ju`z vue hák vue} akowf}eae} hkq fykq w}kaeqquf`q. ene hák qe}æ }eren e akhy`huf}æ qehik `hy`ofik wf}f kq ieof`q fykq w}kaeqquf`q. fwehfq eqyf}æ i`qwehqfik ie eqyf} næ( / Vufhyk fk }àu qknyk e ñ }àu w}eqk : * K }àu vue eqyæ qknyk yeo f bfaunifie ie eqyf} w}eqeha`f} kq fykq w}kaeqquf`q. qe hák vu`qe} akowf}eae}. iere fwehfq `hbk}of} fhyea`wfifoehye fk ju`z vue hák vue} akowf}eae}( * K }àu vue eqyæ w}eqk qe}æ }evu`q`yfik wf}f f fui`êha`f. wk}yfhyk. ene ye}æ vue akowf}eae}( Ckje. k }àu w}eqk vue hák akowf}eaeu fk `hye}}klfyñ}`k wkie}æ wei`} wf}f hák akowf}eae} hkq wkqye}`k}eq fykq w}kaeqquf`q. ofq qe}æ akhq`ie}fik }eren e hák qe}æ `hy`ofik wf}f kq fykq w}kaeqquf`q( Qe f rkhyfie ik }àu hák bk} fyehi`if. afme}æ Cfmefq Ak}wuq wf}f }eqluf}if} k i`}e`yk ie we}ofheae} hf af}ae}fleo( Neom}fhik vue k Cfmefq Ak}wuq qe w}eqyf w}eqyf f }eqluf}if} k i`}e`yk i`}e`yk ie `}. r`}.e we}ofheae}( Kmqe}rfìák: Wf}f k }àu wei`} f i`qwehqf ie quf w}eqehìf wf}f kq fykq w}kaeqquf`q e hák qe yk}hf} }eren. ene iere ye} akowf}ea`ik hk `hye}}klfyñ}`k( À afuqf ie hun`ifie fmqknuyf f fuqêha`f ie firklfik hf fui`êha`f #hák es`qye of`q f b`lu}f ik au}fik} fk }àu oehk}. oeqok wk}vue hák es`qye. ckje. }àu oehk}). `qqk akhqfl}f k `hye}}klfyñ}`k akok bk}of ie iebeqf( K `hye}}klfyñ}`k. ckje. à k úny`ok fyk wf}f vue k }àu wkqqf qe iebehie} ie ykifq fq fnelfìõeq. wk} `qqk à oe`k ie iebeqf #wkq`a`khfoehyk if iebehqk}`f wúmn`af)( Ofq. wf}f f wkq`ìák ofjk}`yæ}`f. k `hye}}klfyñ}`k à yfomào oe`k ie w}krf. fnào ie oe`k ie iebeqf. wk`q k ju`z wkie uy`n`zf} ik `hye}}klfyñ}`k wf}f bk}of} quf iea`qák( Be}hfhik Afwez i`z vue f w}eqehìf ik OW hk `hye}}klfyñ}`k à i`qwehqæren. wk`q à fyk w}`rfy`rk ik ju`z #OFQ . fyk w}`rfy`rk ik ju`z e}f k `hye}}klfyñ}`k fhy`lk( Ckje. hák à of`q fqq`o( K OW ckje iere qe} `hy`ofik wf}f k `hye}}klfyñ}`k. wk`q ene à „auqykq nel`q‟( Ehyák. f`hif vue k a}`oe qejf ie fìák wehfn w}`rfif. k ak}}eyk à vue k OW eqyejf w}eqehye( Ieqqf bk}of. qe k OW bk} `hy`ofik wf}f k `hye}}klfyñ}`k e hák akowf}eae}. q`lh`b`af vue ene ehyehie vue k `hye}}klfyñ}`k à oe`k ie iebeqf e quf w}eqehìf à i`qwehqæren( Wk}yfhyk. ene hák wkie}æ. wkqye}`k}oehye. f}lþ`} hun`ifie. uof rez vue ene oeqok bk` vueo ieu afuqf( Qe k OW hák bk} `hy`ofik y}fyf/qe ie hun`ifie fmqknuyf wk} kbehie} fk W}`haïw`k ik Akhy}fi`yñ}`k( Akhy}fi`yñ}`k( Fqq`o. ie vufnvue} bk}of. k OW iere}æ qe} `hy`ofik)( Qeluhik f Ne` 66<60 k }àu w}eqk iere qe} a`yfik weqqkfnoehye e }evu`q`yfik( Qe f Qea}eyf}`f ik Juïzk qñ eswei`} }evu`q`ìák e ie`sf} eswei`} f a`yfìák weqqkfn #wk}vue eqyfrf cfm`yufik ç ne` fhy`lf vue qñ es`l`f f }evu`q`ìák). k }àu. hk i`f if fui`êha`f. qejf 69
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
akhiuz`ik qeo qfme} ie hfif qkm}e k w}kaeqqk e qkm}e f fui`êha`f f qe} }efn`zfif e qkm}e f iehúha`f. wk`q. hák bk` `hqy}uïik wk} uo firklfik( Akhbk}oe k F}y( 537 ik AWW „F bfnyf ku f hun`ifie if a`yfìák. if `hy`ofìák ku hky`b`afìák hky`b`afìák eqyf}æ qfhfif. ieqie vue k `hye}eqqfik akowf}eìf. fhyeq ie k fyk akhquof}/ qe. eomk}f ieanf}e vue k bfz wf}f k úh`ak b`o ie f}lþ`/nf( K ju`z k}iehf}æ. ykifr`f. f quqwehqák ku k fi`foehyk ik fyk. vufhik }eakhceae} vue f `}}elunf}`ifie wkie}æ w}ejui`af} i`}e`yk if wf}ye‟( Fyehìák: K ak}}eyk à ne} k f}y`lk if qelu`hye bk}of: „F bfnyf ku k rïa`k hf a`yfìák qe}æ }eqweay`rfoehye quw}`if ku qfhfik. e wk} `qqk hák rf` cfre} hun`ifie‟( @qqk. wk`q. f bfnyf qñ wkie qe} quw}`if e hák qfhfif e wf}f cfre} hun`ifie enf iere qe} ieanf}fif( Qkm}e eqqf ofyà}`f. hf w}krf if iebehqk}`f wúmn`af. iere/qe quqyehyf} k fi`foehyk ik fyk. uof rez vue k }àu yeo i`}e`yk ç fuykiebeqf. wk}yfhyk. ene yeo i`}e`yk ie eqaknce} k qeu firklfik( Hf w}krf ik O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak e if Ofl`qy}fyu}f. iere/qe quqyehyf} akhy`hu`ifie ik fyk. yehik eo r`qyf vue k }àu wkie}æ qe} `hye}}klfik hkrfoehye e akhqy`yu`} akhqy`yu`} uo firklfik ie quf w}ebe}êha`f. wk}yfhyk. hák cfre}æ w}ejuïzk wf}f k }àu( F Ne` 66<60 aknkaf k `hye}}klfyñ}`k akok úny`ok fyk. wk`q kak}}e hf F@J( F iebeqf w}en`o`hf} #weìf ie oà}`yk) yeo w}fzk ie iez i`fq. y}fyf/qe ie iebeqf yàah`af. vue à `hi`qwkhïren( Qehik fqq`o. k }àu hák wkie b`af} qeo f iebeqf w}en`o`hf}( Qe k firklfik hák fw}eqehyæ/nf. k ju`z iere}æ hkoef} iebehqk} wúmn`ak. e qe eqye hák fw}eqehyf} hk w}fzk ie iez i`fq. iere}æ fw}eqehyf} wkqye}`k}oehye( Ckje. wf}f k }àu qe} }eren. ene ye}æ vue ie`sf} ie akowf}eae} ç F@J ‑ uof rez vue fy`hle f fuykiebeqf( / A`yfìák wk} Ei`yfn : Fyà 6002. f a`yfìák wk} ei`yfn e weqqkfn y`hcfo f oeqof akhqevþêha`f #k vue e}f uof bnfl}fhye r`knfìák ç fownf iebeqf). qe k }àu hák akowf}eaeqqe e}f iea}eyfif f }eren`f e k w}kaeqqk ak}}`f hk}ofnoehye( @qqk we}iu}ku fyà k firehyk if Ne` 06<6+02 vue fnye}ku k f}y`lk 122 #vue ehy}ku eo r`lk} 27 i`fq iewk`q ie quf wumn`afìák)( Ako `qqk. fq akhqevþêha`fq if a`yfìák wk} ei`yfn wfqqf}fo f qe} kuy}fq: k hák akowf}ea`oehyk ik }àu e bfnyf ie akhqy`yu`ìák ie w}kau}fik} hkq fuykq ehqejf f quqwehqák ik w}kaeqqk e f quqwehqák if w}eqa}`ìák( Ofq. fyehìák: f quqwehqák if w}eqa}`ìák wfqqku f qe} fwn`afif hkq afqkq kak}}`ikq fwñq f ehy}fif eo r`lk} if ne`. wk`q le}f w}ejuïzk fk }àu( Hk ehyfhyk. qu}l`u f i`qauqqák qkm}e k yeowk vue f quqwehqák if w}eqa}`ìák we}iu}f}æ #w}`ha`wfnoehye wf}f kq a}`oeq vue yêo wehf oïh`of ie vufy}k fhkq). akhq`ie}fhik vue k f}y`lk 122 ik AWW hák eqyfmeneae w}fzk: 6ª ak}}ehye: Qe k w}fzk oæs`ok ie wehf hk wfïq à ie 17 fhkq. ehyák f w}eqa}`ìák iere}`f qe} hk oæs`ok wk} 17 fhkq( 65
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
=ª ak}}ehye: K w}fzk oæs`ok ie w}eqa}`ìák hk wfïq à ie =7 fhkq. ehyák. f w}eqa}`ìák iere}`f qe} hk oæs`ok wk} =7 fhkq( 1ª ak}}ehye: À f ak}}ehye ikuy}`hæ}`f ofjk}`yæ}`f ‑ iere/qe ofhye} quqwehqk k w}kaeqqk e k w}fzk w}eqa}`a`khfn wenk yeowk ie w}eqa}`ìák w}er`qyk wf}f k a}`oe. ie fak}ik ako k f}y( 670 ik AW( Ofq. hák cæ iea`qõeq qkm}e f ofyà}`f( Iehy}k ie uo fhk. k QYB fwehfq w}kbe}`u uof iea`qák #uo fañ}iák). i`zehik vue k w}fzk ie quqwehqák à `hieye}o`hfik. wk}yfhyk. iereo qe} fakowfhcfifq fq iea`qõeq ik QYB( A}ïy`af: Eqqf iea`qák le}f a}`oe `ow}eqa}`yïren( Eo w}krf kmjey`rf ie akhau}qk. iere qe} fikyfif f wkq`ìák ofjk}`yæ}`f( Eo w}krf qumjey`rf ie akhau}qk iere qe} fikyfik k wkq`a`khfoehyk ik QYB( / A`yfìák wk} ck}f ae}yf : Iere kak}}e} vufhik k }àu qe kaunyf} if a`yfìák #à i`be}ehye ik oky`rk if a`yfìák wk} ei`yfn. ku qejf. k }àu qe ehakhy}f} eo nkafn `hae}yk e hák qfm`ik ku ie i`bïa`n faeqqk)( Fyehìák: Fhyeq hák es`qy`f f a`yfìák wk} ck}f ae}yf. ehyák k }àu vue qe kaunyfrf if a`yfìák e}f a`yfik wk} ei`yfn( F ne` hkrf }eqknre k w}kmneof eqyfmeneaehik f a`yfìák wk} ck}f ae}yf( Ofq. fk oeqok yeowk a}`f uo w}kmneof. wk`q. wk} eseownk. k }àu vue }eq`ie eo uof bfrenf ku eo nkafn we}`lkqk. iere qe} a`yfik wk} ei`yfn. uof rez vue k nkafn à ie i`bïa`n faeqqk #ene hák eqyæ qe kaunyfhik)( Hk ehyfhyk. qe k kb`a`fn ie juqy`ìf ie`sf} f a`yfìák wk} ck}f ae}yf eo fqqka`fìák ie ok}fik}eq wf}f qe} ehy}elue fk }àu e ene hák }eaeme}. wkqye}`k}oehye. wkie}æ fnelf} hun`ifie ie ykik k w}kaeqqk. yehik eo r`qyf vue ene hák eqyfrf qe kaunyfhik. ene iere}`f qe} a`yfik wk} ei`yfn e bk` a`yfik wk} ck}f ae}yf( / Hk Y}`muhfn ik Jú}` : K w}kaei`oehyk ik Jú}` ouiku e f }ebk}of be`yf fafmku ako f wneh`yuie ie iebeqf. wk`q k }àu hák w}ea`qf eqyf} w}eqehye hk i`f ik Jú}` #f fuykiebeqf à i`qwkhïren wf}f k }àu. e qe ene hák akowf}eaeu hk i`f ik junlfoehyk. hák cfre}æ w}kmneofq( Hk ehyfhyk. k qeu firklfik iere eqyf} w}eqehye. wk`q f iebeqf yàah`af à `hi`qwkhïren)( Kmq: f wneh`yuie ie iebeqf qñ es`qy`f hk Jú}`( K quwkqyk fuyk} ie a}`oe fb`fhìæren jæ wki`f qe} junlfik qeo eqyf} w}eqehye #acfofik junlfoehyk ie „afie`}f rfz`f‟. eo r`}yuie if fuqêha`f ik }àu). `qqk bk` eqyehi`ik fk a}`oe `hfb`fhìæren( 9( W]@HAÏW@K IF W]EQUHÌÁK IE @HKAÊHA@F : Eqye W}`haïw`k yfomào à acfofik ie W}equhìák ie Hák Aunwfm`n`ifie( Qeluhik f Akhqy`yu`ìák Beie}fn. h`hluào qe}æ akhq`ie}fik aunwfik fhyeq ik y}íhq`yk eo junlfik. wk} `qqk kq junlfikq i`zeo w}equhìák ie hák aunwfm`n`ifie( 62
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
F bñ}ounf fikyfif wenk Akhqy`yu`hye à f w}equhìák ie hák aunwfm`n`ifie( Ofq. kq ikuy}`hfik}eq w}ebe}eo i`ze} w}equhìák ie `hkaêha`f. wk`q k quje`yk à w}equo`ifoehye `hkaehye fyà k y}íhq`yk eo junlfik( Hk ehyfhyk. f w}equhìák ie `hkaêha`f e f w}equhìák ie hák aunwfm`n`ifie iereo qe} fhfn`qfikq fy}fràq ie l}fuq ie w}kwk}a`khfn`ifie: Fhyeq ie cfre} qehyehìf wehfn akhiehfyñ}`f. f w}equhìák ie `hkaêha`f w}ewkhie}f qkm}e f w}equhìák ie hák aunwfm`n`ifie4 ofq. iewk`q if qehyehìf. f w}equhìák ie hák aunwfm`n`ifie w}ewkhie}f qkm}e f w}equhìák ie `hkaêha`f #fweqf} ik `hi`rïiuk akhy`huf} w}equo`ifoehye `hkaehye fyà k y}íhq`yk eo junlfik)( À uof }el}f ie y}fyfoehyk vue `owõe vue ykikq qejfo y}fyfikq akok `hkaehyeq fyà k y}íhq`yk eo junlfik. q`owneqoehye akok „quwkqyk‟ fuyk} ik bfyk( K bfyk ie qe} `hkaehye hák q`lh`b`af vue hák qejf k `hb}fyk}. wk} `qqk wkie qe} w}eqk afuyenf}oehye #Ykif w}`qák fhye}`k} fk y}íhq`yk eo junlfik à akhq`ie}fif afuyenf})( K ùhuq if w}krf afme f vueo fnelf w}krf}. ofq f w}equhìák `hre}ye eqqe ùhuq #F}y( 652. AWW). k vue fuoehyf f w}kmfm`n`ifie ie uof fmqknr`ìák ik `hi`rïiuk „w}k }ek‟( Qe k oeqok hák vu`qe} qe} fmqknr`ik wk} `hqub`a`êha`f ie w}krfq iere}æ w}krf} vue hák bk` ene #hák à f oeqof r`qák ik i`}e`yk yk ik akhquo`ik})( ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// Kmqe}rfìák: K Akhy}fi`yñ}`k hk w}kaeqqk wehfn hák yeo ou`yf i`be}ehìf ik w}kaeqqk a`r`n #ene eqyæ w}eqehye eo ykik okoehyk hf aknce`yf if w}krf)( Ehy}eyfhyk. f fownf iebeqf yeo ou`yf i`be}ehìf( K q`qyeof w}kaeqqufn wehfn m}fq`ne`}k e}f w}eq`ieha`fn`qyf. wk`q f we}luhyf hk iewk`oehyk iere}`f qe} be`yf fk ju`z wf}f vue eqye }eb`zeqqe f we}luhyf fk iewkehye( Ckje. eqqe q`qyeof hák es`qye of`q #f}y( =6= ik AWW ‑ }eifìák ifif wenf ne` 66(207+73). wk`q f we}luhyf à be`yf i`}eyfoehye wenf wf}ye fk kbehi`ik e ç yeqyeouhcf #à k acfofik „a}kqq esfo`hfy`kh‟ ‑ esfoe a}uzfik)( @qqk yk}hf k akhy}fi`yñ}`k ou`yk of`q er`iehye hf fui`êha`f( Hk ehyfhyk. k ju`z wkie}æ `hiebe}`} f we}luhyf( //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
VUEQYÁK: [Vuf`q qák kq ebe`ykq if w}equhìák ie `hkaêha`f; 6/ À uof }el}f ie y}fyfoehyk4 =/ Ykif w}`qák fhye}`k} fk y}fhq`yk eo junlfik à akhq`ie}fif afuyenf}4 1/ Ùhuq if w}krf4 / Ebe`yk if w}equhìák ie `hkaêha`f hk ùhuq if w}krf : Akhbk}oe k f}y( 652 ik AWW: „F w}krf if fnelfìák `hauom`}æ f vueo f b`ze}(((‟( Ie fak}ik ako f ne`. k ùhuq if w}krf qe}æ ie vueo fnelf. qejf fuyk} ku }àu(
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Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Kak}}e vue ou`ykq fuyk}eq iebehieo vue k w}`haïw`k if w}equhìák ie `hkaêha`f fnye}f f i`qy}`mu`ìák ik ùhuq if w}krf( Uof rez vue k }àu à w}equo`ifoehye `hkaehye. k ùhuq if w}krf qe}`f if fauqfìák #f fauqfìák ye}`f vue w}krf} k vue fnelku. fqq`o akok vue fq fnelfìõeq ik }àu qák `hre}ïi`afq)( Kq bfykq akhqy`yuy`rkq ik i`}e`yk ik Eqyfik ie wuh`} fnluào wk} w}fy`af} akhiuyf y`w`b`afif akok a}`oe qák fvueneq ieqa}`ykq hf iehúha`f ku hf vue`sf( Eqqeq bfykq }ew}eqehyfo f `owuyfìák( Kq bfykq `owei`y`rkq. oki`b`afy`rkq ku esy`hy`rkq ik i`}e`yk ie wuh`} fnelfikq wenk }àu hák w}ea`qfo qe} w}krfikq wk} ene #Fhy`lfoehye. k }àu y`hcf vue w}krf} k vue fnelku)( Eqqeq bfykq qák oeha`khfikq wf}f `ownfhyf} iúr`if e uof wkqqïren fmqknr`ìák #`h ium`k w}k)( Qe k O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak jæ y`hcf vue w}krf} k bfyk akhqy`yuy`rk ik i`}e`yk ie wuh`} ik Eqyfik. akhqelu`hik w}krf}. ene ieqakhqy`yu` #ie}}umf) ykifq fq fnelfìõeq ik }àu( Ehyák. hák ckure `hre}qák ik ùhuq if w}krf w}kw}`foehye( Wk`q. qe k OW hák akhqelu`} w}krf} k vue fnelku. k }àu hák qe}æ akhiehfik( K OW hák yeo vue w}krf} hfif fnào ik vue jæ iere}`f w}krf} ieqie k `hïa`k ik w}kaeqqk. ako f iehúha`f( F w}equhìák ie `hkaêha`f qkoehye fuoehyf f w}kmfm`n`ifie ie fmqknr`ìák ik }àu wk} `hqub`a`êha`f ie w}krfq( Ofq. qe k }àu vu`qe} uof qehyehìf fmqknuyñ}`f akhqyfhik vue ene hák à k fuyk} ik bfyk. iere}æ w}kiuz`} w}krfq heqqe qehy`ik #k ùhuq if w}krf `hauome f vueo fnelf)( Kmqe}rfìák: Hák cæ „`h ium`k w}k }ek‟ hk Y}`muhfn ik Jú}`: Hf w}`oe`}f bfqe. k ju`z fyuf w}k qka`eyfye. wk`q k re}ifie`}k ju`z hfyu}fn à k Jú}`( Ehyák. qe ckure} iúr`if qkm}e f `hkaêha`f ik }àu. k ju`z iere w}khuha`f} wf}f vue hák cfjf uqu}wfìák if akoweyêha`f ik Jú}`( Hf qeluhif bfqe. hák cæ „`h ium`k w}k }ek‟. uof rez vue fq we}luhyfq e fq }eqwkqyfq if vueq`yfìák qák i`}eyfq. hák cæ of}leo wf}f iúr`ifq( K Jú}` junlf ako „N`r}e Akhr`aìák‟. ene hák buhifoehyf quf iea`qák( / Ebe`yk if w}equhìák ie `hkaêha`f hf w}`qák afuyenf} : K `hi`rïiuk qkm w}`qák afuyenf} iere qe} y}fyfik i`be}ehyeoehye ik `hi`rïiuk vue bk` w}eqk eo r`}yuie ie qehyehìf wehfn akhiehfyñ}`f y}fhq`yfif eo junlfik. wk`q ene à w}equo`ifoehye `hkaehye( F oei`if afuyenf} qñ wkie qe} iebe}`if qe w}eqehyeq kq }evu`q`ykq } evu`q`ykq „ buouq ako`qq` ien`ay ‟ e „ we}`aunuo n`me}yfy` ‟( Fnào ikq ebe`ykq y}fi`a`khf`q ie uof qehyehìf wehfn akhiehfyñ}`f. es`qyeo kq ebe`ykq w}eqehyeq hk f}y( 101. @. AWW. qehik vue uo ieqqeq ebe`ykq à f w}`qák( Qe k ju`z ehyehie} vue k }àu iere qe} w}eqk. ene iere iea}eyf} f w}`qák hf qehyehìf( Eqqf w}`qák hák qe akhbuhie ako f wehf fwn`afif. eomk}f k }àu yehcf i`}e`yk ç iey}fìák wehfn. wk`q hák wkie cfre} k esaeqqk ie wehf( F w}`qák vue wkie qe} iea}eyfif hf qehyehìf à f w}`qák afuyenf}. vufhik w}eqehyeq kq }evu`q`ykq wf}f yfhyk( K ebe`yk quqwehq`rk akhaei`ik ç fwenfìák quqwehie f akhiehfìák #es: k`yk fhkq ie w}`qák. k auow}`oehyk if wehf kak}}e}æ wkqye}`k}oehye. vufhik f qehyehìf y`re} 63
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
y}fhq`yfik eo junlfik). ofq hák quqwehie kq ebe`ykq ik f}y( 101. @. AWW #w}`qák afuyenf}). re} f}y( 50< ik AWW( Ehyák. qe fwñq f qehyehìf k }àu akhy`huf qknyk. hák q`lh`b`af vue k }àu hák yehcf fwenfik. ofq q`o vue k ju`z. hf qehyehìf. wk}yfhyk. fhyeq if `hye}wkq`ìák ie }eau}qk. hák iea}eyku f w}`qák( If w}`qák afuyenf} afme f `owey}fìák ie „cfmefq ak}wuq‟ e hák fwenfìák( Ieqqf bk}of. yeo/qe vue f w}`qák à i`be}ehye if akhiehfìák( K ebe`yk quqwehq`rk if fwenfìák hák fbeyf eo hfif hf w}`qák ku hf n`me}ifie ik }àu( K ]eau}qk Esy}fk}i`hæ}`k e k ]eau}qk Eqwea`fn hák yêo ebe`yk quqwehq`rk. heqqe afqk. yfn vufn hk w}kaeqqk a`r`n. wkie}`f cfre} f eseauìák w}kr`qñ}`f if qehyehìf( / Iea`qák ik Ju`z wenf w}`qák ku hák k }àu hf qehyehìf wehfn akhiehfyñ}`f : Vufhik k Añi`lk i`z vue k }àu eqyæ qknyk. à wk}vue ene yeo i`}e`yk ie eqyf} qknyk. uof rez vue hák es`qyeo kq }evu`q`ykq if w}`qák w}erehy`rf #f}y( 16= ik AWW)( K ju`z. wk}yfhyk. rf` fhfn`qf} qe k }àu qknyk iere}æ akhy`huf} qknyk( Qe k }àu eqyfrf qknyk à wk}vue kq }evu`q`ykq wf}f f iea}eyfìák if w}`qák w}erehy`rf hák qe b`ze}fo w}eqehyeq( Ehyák. w}krfrenoehye ene akhy`huf}æ qknyk. uof rez vue f w}kmfm`n`ifie ikq }evu`q`ykq wf}f f iea}eyfìák if w}`qák w}erehy`rf hák eqyf}eo w}eqehyeq qák l}fhieq( Ie fak}ik ako f ne`. f}y( 509 ik AWW. k }àu iere qe} w}eqk wf}f wkie} fwenf}( Qkoehye k QYB. fyà k fhk wfqqfik hák ehyehi`f vue eqqe f}y`lk e}f `hakhqy`yua`khfn( Ckje. ykikq kq Y}`muhf`q ehyehieo qe} `hakhqy`yua`khfn( Ieqqf bk}of. f eqwàa`e w}`qák ieak}}ehye ie qehyehìf hák es`qye( Ehyák. ckje. k ju`z qñ wkie iea}eyf} f w}`qák w} `qák ku ofhye} f w}`qák ik }}àu àu hf qehyehìf wehfn akhiehfyñ}`f qe w}eqehyeq kq }evu`q`ykq if w}`qák w}erehy`rf #f}y( 16= ik AWW)( Qe eqqe hák bk} k oky`rk if w}`qák. enf qe}æ `nelfn( Kmqe}rfìák: K f}y( 101 ik AWW vue i`z qkm}e kq ebe`ykq if qehyehìf wehfn akhiehfyñ}`f akhiehfyñ}`f }eak}}ïren( Eqqeq ebe`ykq qák uo wnuq fkq ebe`ykq y}fi`a`khf`q ieqqf qehyehìf( K `ha`qk @@ ik f}y(101 ik AWW #qe} k hkoe ik }àu nfhìfik hk }kn ikq aunwfikq) hák bk` }eaewa`khfik eo r`}yuie ik W}`haïw`k if W}equhìák ie @hkaêha`f. k hkoe ik }àu qñ wkie qe} nfhìfik hk }kn ikq aunwfikq fwñq k y}íhq`yk eo junlfik if qehyehìf wehfn akhiehfyñ}`f( / Hfyu}ezf Ju}ïi`af if W}`qák: W}`qák Afuyenf} ku Eseauìák W}kr`qñ}`f if Wehf; F ak}}ehye Ofjk}`yæ}`f i`z vue f hfyu}ezf ju}ïi`af à ie W}`qák afuyenf}. eqyfhik w}eqehyeq kq }evu`q`ykq if w}erehy`rf. mfqefik hf w}equhìák ie `hkaêha`f( #Wf}f eqyeq Qeo k y}íhq`yk eo junlfik. hák es`qye hehcuo i`}e`yk fwn`afik ç eqwàa`e. es`qye esweayfy`rf ie i`}e`yk( Akok k i`}e`yk hák bk` fwn`afik ie bk}of ieb`h`y`rf wkqqu`. wk}yfhyk. „we}`aunuo `o ok}f‟ e „buouq mkh` `u}`q‟)( Uof qeluhif ak}}ehye i`z f hfyu}ezf ju}ïi`af à ie Eseauìák W}kr`qñ}`f if Wehf. ako mfqe eo vue k ]eau}qk Eqwea`fn e k ]eau}qk Esy}fk}i`hæ}`k hák yêo ebe`yk quqwehq`rk( #Wf}f eqyeq f wehf fwn`afif jæ wkie}`f qe} eseauyfif f yïyunk w}kr`qñ}`k. yfn vufn hf yek}`f le}fn ik w}kaeqqk( Fnào i`qqk. hák eqyf}`fo of`q w}eqehyeq k „buouq mkh` 60
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
`u}`q‟ e k „we}`aunuo `o ok}f‟ af}faye}ïqy`akq ie uof afuyenf}( Hák ye}`f of`q we}`lk if ieok}f wk}vue f yuyenf ju}`qi`a`khfn jæ bk` w}eqyfif eomk}f wkqqf qe} }ebk}ofif( Eqqf oei`if jæ qe}`f of`q mehàb`af wf}f k akhiehfik wk}vue eqqe `hi`rïiuk jæ bf}`f juq f fwn`afìák ikq mehebïa`kq)( Wf}f k QYB e k QYJ: „F w}equhìák ie hák aunwfm`n`ifie hák `oweie f eseauìák w}kr`qñ}`f if qehyehìf‟( QYB e QYJ. wk}yfhyk. iebehieo vue à W}`qák Afuyenf}( * F}luoehyk Nelfn : K f}y( 675 if NEW ie}}klku k 220. @ ik AWW( Wf}f vueo iebehie f eseauìák w}kr`qñ}`f hák cæ `hakowfy`m`n`ifie ehy}e kq ik`q( * F}luoehyk if Eseauìák w}kr`qñ}`f: F w}`qák fwñq f qehyehìf hák qe}`f uof afuyenf}. wk`q. kq w}eqquwkqykq if afuyenf} jæ ye}`fo ieqfwf}ea`ik( Eqqf fb`}ofìák qe}re akok n`ìák hf ck}f ie bfze} vufnvue} ne`yu}f( Heo qeow}e k vue r`qufn`zfokq ç w}`oe`}f r`qyf e k vue }efnoehye à( F w}`qák fhyeq if qehyehìf akhiehfyñ}`f. ofq. fwñq k y}fhq`yk eo junlfik. eo buhìák if w}equhìák ie `hkaêha`f à uof w}`qák afuyenf}( Eomk}f enf qejf uof w}`qák afuyenf} kq mehebïa`kq if ne` ie eseauìõeq wehf`q qák fwn`aære`q à `qqk vue eqyæ eqa}`yk( K vue eqqf b}fqe #fb`}ofìák) vue} i`ze} à vue f w}equhìák ie `hkaêha`f bfz ako vue f w}`qák qejf afuyenf}( Ofq afqk ene eqyejf w}eqk e jæ bfìf juq fk n`r}foehyk akhi`a`khfn. w}kl}eqqák ie }el`oe eya(. rf` ye} k i`}e`yk ie }eaeme}( K bfyk ie qe} w}equo`ifoehye `hkaehye hák wkie `owei`} vue ene }eaemf eqyeq mehebïa`kq( Kmqe}rfìõeq: [ K vue iere w}erfneae}: erehyufn w}eqehìf ku fuqêha`f ie ebe`ykq quqwehq`rkq wf}f k }eau}qk ku k W}`haïw`k akhqy`yua`khfn if w}equhìák ie `hkaêha`f; Iere w}erfneae} k w}`haïw`k akhqy`yua`khfn if w}equhìák if `hkaêha`f( Hák qe wkie i`ze} vue k `hi`rïiuk eqyæ auow}`oehyk wehf fhyeq ik y}íhq`yk eo junlfik. ofq. ene hák wkie qe} w}ejui`afik wk} uof lf}fhy`f vue ene w}ñw}`k wkqqu`( Wk} eqqeq oky`rkq. f`hif vue qe akhq`ie}e hfyu}ezf afuyenf} if w}`qák. kq meheb`a`k qák fwn`aære`q4 ieqie vue hák yehcf acfhae if wehf qum`}( [ Vufn f buhìák if i`qauqqák if hfyu}ezf ie eseauìák w}kr`qñ}`f if wehf ku afuyenf}; Y}fyf/qe ie uof i`re}lêha`f ikuy}`hæ}`f #yeñ}`af). wk`q hf w}æy`af hák cæ i`be}ehìf if hfyu}ezf ju}ïi`af ieqqf w}`qák. uof rez vue f NEW eqyehie kq mehebïa`kq fk w}eqk w}kr`qñ}`k. eo qeu f}y`lk =·( [ Qe `hi`rïiuk eqyæ w}eqk. qe ofhyào w}eqk ku hák; F i`qauqqák ik f}y( 101. @. AWW. hák w}ekauwku eo }enfyf} kq ebe`ykq mæq`akq ie uof qehyehìf akhiehfyñ}`f( Ene hák i`z. wk} eseownk. vue f qehyehìf eqlkyf f ju}`qi`ìák ie 6· l}fu( F ne` qe w}ekauwf ako ebe`ykq „wnuq‟ vue `}ák i`be}eha`f} k i`}e`yk w}kaeqqufn wehfn ikq kuy}kq }fokq ie i`}e`yk(
=7
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Qknyk e w}eqk ik f}y`lk hák qák qknyk e w}eqk ie bfyk. ofq q`o ie i`}e`yk( Qe k `hi`rïiuk eqyæ qknyk à wk}vue yeo k i`}e`yk ie eqyf} qknyk ieokhqy}fhik fqq`o vue hák eqyák w}eqehyeq kq }evu`q`ykq if w}`qák w}erehy`rf( Kq juïzeq y}fi`a`khfnoehye eo }enfìák fk f}y(509 ehyehi`fo: K }àu hák wkie}æ fwenf} qeo fw}eqehyf}/qe f w}`qák e w}eqyf} b`fhìf( Eqqf fy`yuie ae}ae`f f iebeqf. r`knf ik iuwnk l}fu ie ju}`qi`ìák. r`knf f w}equhìák ie `hkaêha`f( Fyà 76 fhk e oe`k ku = fhkq fy}æq e}f kuy}k wkq`a`khfoehyk( Ieqie 6033 ykikq kq y}`muhf`q `hbe}`k}eq fyà k QYJ ehyehi`fo vue eqqf vueqyák ik }àu hák wkie} fwenf} e}f uo fmqu}ik. vue r`knf ik iuwnk l}fu ie ju}`qi`ìák. r`knf f w}equhìák ie `hkaêha`f( Wk}yfhyk eqye i`qwkq`y`rk ik AWA ae}aefrf f iebeqf e. wk}yfhyk hák y`hcf q`ik }eaewa`khfik wenf Akhqy`yu`ìák( F wkq`ìák ik quw}eok fyà ik`q fhkq fy}æq e}f ie vue e}f uo }evu`q`yk ie fio`qq`m`n`ifie wf}f k }eau}qk ie fwenfìák k }eaknc`oehyk ik }àu fk aæ}ae}e( Hf re}ifie k Eqyfik iere}`f qe `owk} e w}ehie} k `hi`rïiuk. e hák eqwe}f} vue ene qe }eakncf f w}`qák wf}f vue quf fwenfìák qejf }eaem`if( F yehyfy`rf ie yehyf} muqaf} f n`me}ifie à uo }eau}qk cuofhk. hák wkie. k }àu. qe} wuh`ik wk} `qqk( Hk f}y( 505 qe f weqqkf bul`qqe iewk`q if fwenfìák k }eau}qk qe}`f junlfik ieqe}yk( K Quw}eok cæ = fhkq fy}æq ouiku ie `ià`f e akhb`}oku vue eqye i`qwkq`y`rk hák cfr`f q`ik }eaewa`khfik( Fqq`o k ehyehi`oehyk ckje k }àu hák w}ea`qf qe }eaknce} wf}f fwenf}( F wf}y`} if fhæn`qe ik f}y(509 qu}l`fo 2 c`wñyeqeq wf}f k }àu: 6( W}`oæ}`k ie mkhq fhyeaeiehyeq fb`fhìæren: }àu }eqwkhie qknyk =( W}`oæ}`k ie mkhq fhyeaeiehyeq fhyeaeiehyeq `hfb`fhìæren: }àu }eqwkhie qknyk 1( W}`oæ}`k ie ofuq fhyeaeiehyeq fb`fhìæren: }àu }eqwkhie qknyk 9( ]e`ha`iehye ie ofuq fhyeaeiehyeq fb`fhìæren: }àu }eqwkhie qknyk 5( W}`oæ}`k ie ofuq fhyeaeiehyeq `hfb`fhìæren : }àu }eqwkhie W}eqk 2( ]e`ha`iehye ie ofuq fhyeaeiehyeq a}`oe `hfb`fhìæren: }àu }eqwkhie W}eqk #1 e 9 ? n`me}ifie w}kr`qñ}`f oei`fhye wflfoehyk ie b`fhìf)( Ehyák. ckje. k ju`z qñ wkie iea}eyf} f w}`qák w} `qák ku ofhye} f w}`qák ik }}àu àu hf qehyehìf wehfn akhiehfyñ}`f qe w}eqehyeq kq }evu`q`ykq if w}`qák w}erehy`rf #f}y( 16= ik AWW)( Qe eqqe hák bk} k oky`rk if w}`qák. enf qe}æ `nelfn( #Ne`yu}f e }eo`qqák fk f}y`lk 13< ako }eifìák hkrf if ne` 66(<60+73)( Hf ne` ie yñs`akq cæ uo w}kmneof. qe rf` w}erfneae} f eqwea`fn`ifie if ne` ku hák( F`hif hák bk` ieb`h`ik. ofq f yehiêha`f e ie af`} kq i`qwkq`y`rkq if ne` vue fb`}ofo vue k }àu hák wkie fwenf} qe hák qe }eaknce} ç w}`qák( #F}y( 50)( Qe k }àu eqyæ qknyk e fwenf cæ uof yehiêha`f hkq y}`muhf`q quwe}`k}eq ie }eaeme}eo f fwenfìák e eswei`}eo ofhifik ie w}`qák. wk}vue eneq eqyák y}fmfncfhik akok qe eqqf w}`qák bkqqe eseauìák w}kr`qñ}`f ie wehf(
=6
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
K ]eau}qk Esy}fk}i`hæ}`k e k ]eau}qk Eqwea`fn hák yêo ebe`yk quqwehq`rk. heqqe afqk. akok jæ i`yk. wk}yfhyk. yfn vufn hk w}kaeqqk a`r`n. wkie}`f cfre} f eseauìák w}kr`qñ}`f if qehyehìf( Qe k ]eau}qk Eqwea`fn e k ]eau}qk Esy}fk}i`hæ}`k bk}eo }eaem`ikq. iere/qe }ey`}f} f añw`f ikq oeqokq e wei`} vue qe fy}`muf ebe`yk quqwehq`rk fy}fràq ie uof Afuyenf} @hkh`ofif( K }eaem`oehyk ik }eau}qk ieokhqy}f wkqq`m`n`ifie ie ouifhìf fqq`o. „buouq mkh` `u}`q‟ e k „we}`aunuo `h ok}f‟ eqyák ieokhqy}fikq( Ku wkie}æ bfze} uqk ik Cfmefq Ak}wuq vue wkie ieok}f}. wk`q qñ wf}eae} ik OW ieok}f =7 i`fq( 5( W]@HAÏW@K IK JU@Z HFYU]FN : À w}`haïw`k vue iere qe} kmqe}rfik w}`ha`wfnoehye eo Ju}`qi`ìák e akoweyêha`f( F yehiêha`f hfyu}fn à ie wehqf}okq vue ju`z hfyu}fn à k ju`z w}er`foehye akoweyehye fk bfyk. ofq. à k ju`z `hi`afik w}er`foehye wf}f k afqk( F b`hfn`ifie à f `owf}a`fn`ifie ik ju`z( Hák wkie}æ cfre} y}`muhfn ie esaeìák( Eseownk : F a`ifie ie Múz`kq bk` i`qy}`yk ie Afmk B}`k( @ofl`he vue uo a}`oe y`reqqe q`ik akoey`ik eo Múz`kq hf àwkaf eo vue eqye ouh`aïw`k f`hif we}yeha`f fk ouh`aïw`k ie Afmk B}`k( Fqq`o. f akof}af akoweyehye e}f f akof}af ie Afmk B}`k( B} `k( Ehy}e f ifyf ik bfyk. `hqyfnfìák ik `hvuà}`yk e kbe}ea`oehyk if iehúha`f wkie cfre} uo nfwqk yeowk}fn }enfy`rfoehye nkhlk( Heqye eseownk. k `hvuà}`yk bk` `hqyfu}fik e bk` qe ieqehrknrehik hk}ofnoehye( Heqye `hye}rfnk ie yeowk. Múz`kq qe yk}hf uo ouh`aïw`k `hiewehiehye( K y}`muhfn }eqknre a}`f} f akof}af ie Múz`kq( Fwñq k a}`oe. qe ju`z hfyu}fn bkqqe k }ebe}ehye fk bfyk. qe}`f qeow}e k ie Afmk B}`k( Hk ehyfhyk. qe hk okoehyk ik kbe}ea`oehyk if iehúha`f f akof}af ie Múz`kq jæ eqy`reqqe a}`fif. f iehúha`f qe}æ kbe}ea`if eo Múz`kq( F akof}af à „wñq/bfyk‟ e hák wkie qe} akhq`ie}fik ie esaeìák wk}vue hák bk` uo y}`muhfn a}`fik wf}f k bfyk( Y}`muhfn ie esaeìák à fvuene a}`fik wf}f junlf} ieye}o`hfik afqk( Qe k y}`muhfn bk} a}`fik wkqye}`k}oehye ier`ik ç eofha`wfìák ik ouh`aïw`k. hák cfre}æ y}`muhfn ie esaeìák. wk`q hák bk` a}`fik ako f b`hfn`ifie ie junlf} ieye}o`hfik afqk( Ofq. qe k ju`z if akof}af vue we}yeha`f k ouh`aïw`k eofha`wfik jæ y`reqqe ykofik fnluof w}kr`iêha`f. `hanuq`re iebe}`oehyk ie afuyenf}. ene qe yk}hf}`f w}erehyk e qe}`f akoweyehye wf}f k junlfoehyk(
Kmqe}rfìák: F vueqyák ifq rf}fq eqwea`fn`zfifq eqyæ qehik oky`rk ie ræ}`fq i`qauqqõeq eo y}`muhf`q quwe}`k}eq( Qe eqqfq rf}fq hák eqyf}`fo a}`fhik uo ju`z we}qelu`ik}( / Ieqfbk}foehyk hk Y}`muhfn ik Jú}`:
==
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
K Y}`muhfn ik Jú}` à uof lf}fhy`f akhqy`yua`khfn ie vue k `hb}fyk} qe}æ junlfik wenf qka`eifie iehy}k ik akhyeqyk qka`fn eo vue ene w}fy`aku fvuenf akhiuyf. wf}f vue wkwunfìák i`lf vue qe hk nulf} ik `hb}fyk} hák bf}`f f oeqof ak`qf( Hk ehyfhyk. qe f qka`eifie jæ y`re} kw`h`ák bk}ofif qkm}e k afqk vue `}æ fk jú}` wkwunf}. hk qehy`ik ie akhiehf} ku fmqknre} k }àu. fhyeq oeqok ik jú}` kak}}e}. eqyf}æ cfrehik wf}a`fn`ifie ikq ju}fikq( Heqqe afqk. wf}f lf}fhy`} `owf}a`fn`ifie ikq ju}fikq wkie}æ cfre} k ieqfbk}foehyk( ieqfbk}foehyk( K ieqfbk}foehyk wkie qe} }evue}`ik wk} vufnvue} ifq wf}yeq ku wenk juïzk fk Y}`muhfn. i`fhye ie anf}f wf}a`fn`ifie if wkwunfìák eo ieye}o`hfik afqk( K Y}`muhfn ie Juqy`ìf. wf}f iebe}`} k ieqfbk}foehyk. iere}æ kur`} f iebeqf( K ak}}eyk à vue k ieqfbk}foehyk kak}}f wf}f uof ifq akof}afq r`z`hcfq. esaeyk qe næ yfomào ckure} wf}a`fn`ifie if wkwunfìák( Hk afqk ie hák `} wf}f akof}af r`z`hcf e heaeqqæ}`f buhifoehyfìák( K ieqfbk}foehyk à uof `hi`afìák ik y}`muhfn ifvuene juïzk vue `}æ junlf} f afuqf. wf}f lf}fhy`} f `owf}a`fn`ifie. vue à b`hfn`ifie ik w}`haïw`k ik ju`z hfyu}fn( Wk} `qqk. k ieqfbk}foehyk ieqfbk}foehyk hák fb}khyf k w}`haïw`k ik ju`z hfyu}fn( K ju`z e k w}kokyk} qe}ák kuy}kq. ku qejf. qe}ák kq if akof}af vue k afqk qe}æ junlfik( Eseownk : K afqk ik re}efik} ie ]ezehie( K ebe`yk if oïi`f hák à juqy`b`afy`rf wf}f k ieqfbk}foehyk( Eseownk. k afqk Hf}ikh`( 2( W]@HAÏW@K IK W]KOKYK] HFYU]FN : Fnluhq Eqyfikq wkqqueo f b`lu}f ik w}kokyk} ie `hreqy`lfìák n`lfik i`}eyk ç ienelfa`f. akok fakhyeae hk ]`k ie Jfhe`}k e hf Mfc`f( F Akhqy`yu`ìák fnye}f k wkq`a`khfoehyk ik AWW eo }enfìák fk ieqy`hfyæ}`k ik `hvuà}`yk( Ie fak}ik ako k f}y`lk 67 wf}æl}fbk 6· AWW k ieqy`hfyæ}`k ik `hvuà}`yk à k Ju`z( Fk }eaeme} k `hvuà}`yk ju`z ofhif fm}`} r`qyf fk OW vue bfz fq qkn`a`yfìõeq ier`ifq( Fk }eyk}hf} fk ju`z iæ/qe k „auow}f/qe‟( Hk ehyfhyk. qe f b`hfn`ifie ik `hvuà}`yk à bk}heae} eneoehykq ie w}krf wf}f nfqy}ef} f weìf ie fauqfìák vue eo }el}f à wúmn`af. eqqf q`yufìák ie`sf y}fhqwf}eae} vue k ieqy`hfyæ}`k ik `hvuà}`yk hák à k Ju`z e q`o k OW( Vue rf` uy`n`zf}/qe ifq weìfq ik `hvuà}`yk wf}f kbe}eae} iehúha`f( K f}y( 6=0 if Akhqy`yu`ìák i`qwõe vue k OW ese}ae k akhy}kne esye}hk if fuyk}`ifie wkn`a`fn( Fqq`o. k OW à k b`qafn`zfik} if fy`r`ifie wkn`a`fn( Hk ]`k ie Jfhe`}k f aehy}fn ie `hvuà}`ykq ieokhqy}f vue k ieqy`hfyæ}`k ik `hvuà}`yk à OW e hák k ju`z( K w}kokyk} iere ye} w}àr`f fy}`mu`ìák. if oeqof bk}of vue k ju`z iere ye} w}àr`f akoweyêha`f( F Ne` K}líh`af ik OW lf}fhye k w}`haïw`k fk i`ze} vue uo w}kokyk} ie juqy`ìf qñ wkie}æ qe} `hi`afik wf}f uo ieye}o`hfik ñ}lák wenkq a}`yà}`kq ie w}kokìák( K w}kmneof à vue k OW à uo ñ}lák uhk e `hi`r`qïren e vufnvue} ikq oeom}kq wkie =1
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
}ew}eqehyæ/nk( Ehyák. ier`ik f eqqe oky`rk. fnluhq ikuy}`hfik}eq ehyehieo vue hák à wkqqïren k w}`haïw`k ik w}kokyk} hfyu}fn( K QYJ ehyehie vue cæ k w}`haïw`k ik w}kokyk} hfyu}fn wk} fhfnkl`f fk w}`haïw`k ik ju`z hfyu}fn. wk}yfhyk. iere qe} ehyehi`ik e }eqwe`yfik akok w}`haïw`k akhqy`yua`khfn. qkm wehf ie hun`ifie( K QYB eo }eaehye iea`qák ehyehieu vue k w}`haïw`k à `hb}fakhqy`yua`khfn e hák cæ w}kmneofq hf `hi`afìák ie uo oeom}k wf}f }ew}eqehyf} k OW. wk`q ene à uhk( Hák wkiehik qe} akowf}fik fk w}`haïw`k ik Ju`z Hfyu}fn( Hfq w}krfq ie akhau}qk. f wkq`ìák vue iere qe} fikyfif à f qelu`hye: / w}krf ik OW: O W: wkq`ìák ik QYJ4 / w}krf ie WL]: wkq`ìák ik QYB4 / w}krf if Ofl`qy}fyu}f: iereo qe} fw}eqehyfifq fq iufq ak}}ehyeq4 / w}krf if Iebehqk}`f Wúmn`af: wkq`ìák ik QYJ( <( W]@HAÏW@K IF @IEHY@IFIE BÏQ@AF IK JU@Z : Akhbk}oe k f}y( 100. ¬=º. AWW: „K ju`z vue w}eq`i`u f `hqy}uìák iere}æ w}kbe}`} f qehyehìf‟( F ikuy}`hf qeow}e quqyehyku vue hák r`lk}f f `iehy`ifie bïq`af ik juïzk. wk`q juïzeq yêo bà}`fq. n`aehìf. fwkqehyfik}`f. eya( Wk}yfhyk. k ju`z vue aknc`f fq w}krfq wkie}`f qe} i`be}ehye ifvuene vue w}kbe}`u f qehyehìf. k vue hák wkie cfre} à Y}`muhfn ie esaeìák( F úh`af esaeìák qe}`f k Ju`zfik eqwea`fn a}`o`hfn. wk`q es`qye uof úh`af fui`êha`f. `hanuq`re ako f qehyehìf( Hk ehyfhyk. k hkrk }`yk w}er`u f }efn`zfìák ie uof úh`af fui`êha`f e y}kuse k f}y`lk ieqa}`yk fa`of. wk} `qqk. fk akhy}æ}`k ik vue kq ikuy}`hfik}eq iebehieo. f ne` w}erê f `iehy`ifie bïq`af ik ju`z( Ofq. cæ iea`qõeq e ehuha`fikq i`zehik vue hák cæ w}kmneofq eo uo ju`z aknce} fq w}krfq e kuy}k w}kbe}`} f qehyehìf. qe hák ckure} w}ejuïzk( Ieqqf bk}of. flk}f. r`lk}f hk w}kaeqqk wehfn k w}`haïw`k if `iehy`ifie bïq`af ik ju`z eo r`}yuie ik hkrk }`yk #fui`êha`f uhf)(
VUEQYÁK: I`qak}}f qkm}e k w}`haïw`k if nelfn`ifie hk I`}e`yk Wehfn qumqyfhy`rk e fijey`rk( Oeha`khe qe f nelfn`ifie bk` }eqwe`yfif hk EAF K Ier`ik W}kaeqqk Nelfn #NELFN@IFIE) à k w}kaeqqk w}er`qyk eo ne` ako kmqe}ríha`f fkq w}`haïw`kq e çq }el}fq if ofyà}`f. es: }`yk ik w}kaei`oehyk / uo a}`oe wuh`ik ako }eanuqák iere fikyf} k w}kaei`oehyk k}i`hæ}`k. qe bk} fikyfik w}kaei`oehyk quoæ}`k hák cfre}æ ier`ik w}kaeqqk nelfn. wk`q eqyf}æ qehik r`knfik k w}kaeqqk w}er`qyk eo ne`. esaeyk qe hák ckure} w}ejuïzk( I`}e`yk wehfn qumqyfhy`rk à k I`}e`yk Ofye}`fn Wehfn( I`}e`yk wehfn fijey`rk à k I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn( K w}`haïw`k if nelfn`ifie à q`hùh`ok ie ier`ik w}kaeqqk nelfn hk I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn. ku qejf. hk I`}e`yk wehfn fijey`rk( =9
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
K w}`haïw`k if nelfn`ifie à q`hùh`ok ie w}`haïw`k if }eqe}rf nelfn hk I`}e`yk Wehfn. ku qejf. hk I`}e`yk wehfn qumqyfhy`rk( Fnluhq fuyk}eq ehyehieo vue w}`haïw`k if nelfn`ifie à q`hùh`ok ik w}`haïw`k if km}`lfyk}`eifie if fìák wehfn wúmn`af(* Eo }enfìák fk EAF ‑ oehk} hák w}fy`af a}`oe. oehk} w}fy`af fyk `hb}fa`khfn( Ofq. k fyk `hb}fa`khfn wk} ene w}fy`afik iere qe} fhænklk f uof akhiuyf y`w`b`afif eo ne` akok a}`oe( Ehyák. k EAF }eqwe`yku k w}`haïw`k if }eqe}rf nelfn. uof rez vue k y`wk wehfn yeo vue eqyf} w}eqehye( Hk ehyfhyk. hák qe}æ fwn`afif fk oehk} f wehf w}er`qyf e heo oei`if qña`k/eiuafy`rf . esfyfoehye wk}vue wf}f ene à fwn`afik k Eqyfyuyk if a}`fhìf e ik fikneqaehye e hák k Añi`lk Wehfn( K w}kaei`oehyk fikyfik qe}æ fvuene w}er`qyk hk EAF. wf}f vue es`qyf k ier`ik w}kaeqqk nelfn( Fqq`o qehik. k EAF }eqwe`yku k w}`haïw`k if nelfn`ifie hk I`}e`yk Wehfn qumqyfhy`rk e fijey`rk( K w}`haïw`k if Km}`lfyk}`eifie wkie qe} o`y`lfik wenk OW. wk`q fweqf} ie w}eqehye ykikq kq }evu`q`ykq. fwn`af}æ f }eo`qqák. `qyk à we}iák( 3( W]@HAÏW@K IF RE]IFIE ]EFN : Y}fi`a`khfnoehye qe i`z vue Re}ifie ]efn à i`be}ehye ie Re}ifie B`ayf4 vue Re}ifie ]efn eqyæ hk w}kaeqqk wehfn e vue Re}ifie B`ayf eqyæ hk w}kaeqqk aïren( Hf re}ifie. f fyufìák ju}`qi`a`khfn muqaf f ak}}eyf fwn`afìák if ne` fk afqk akha}eyk e k vue qe yehyf ehakhy}f} hk w}kaeqqk à uof }efn`ifie w}kaeqqufn qeoencfhye ç vue kak}}eu hf }efn`ifie bæy`af( K w}`haïw`k if re}ifie }efn #}efn`ifie bæy`af) ckje eqyæ w}eqehye hk w}kaeqqk a`r`n e hk w}kaeqqk wehfn( F vueqyák vue qe i`qauye ckje à qkm}e f `hi`qwkh`m`n`ifie ik meo ju}ïi`ak hk w}kaeqqk wehfn. wk`q. uof rez vue k meo ju}ïi`ak à `hi`qwkhïren hák wkie}`f k ju`z ckoknklf} uo akhqehqk ehy}e fq wf}yeq eo iey}`oehyk if r`knfìák ie mehq ju}ïi`akq `hi`qwkhïre`q. wk} `qqk ene iere muqaf} f Re}ifie ]efn e hák qe au}rf} ç rkhyfie ifq wf}yeq. hk w}kaeqqk wehfn( Hk w}kaeqqk a`r`n. eo }el}f. f n`ie à qkm}e uo meo ju}ïi`ak i`qwkhïren. heqqe afqk. qe fq wf}yeq ehy}f}eo eo akhqehqk. k ju`z iere ckoknklæ/nk `hiewehiehyeoehye ik vue à ier`ik f afif uo( Ehyák. k ju`z rf` ckoknklf} uof rkhyfie akhqehqufn. ku qejf. uof rkhyfie a}`fif #Re}ifie B`ayf)( K vue es`qye. eo quof. à f Re}ifie W}kaeqqufn. `qyk à. ifvu`nk vue eqyæ hkq fuykq( Uof Re}ifie n`o`yfif çq w}krfq vue eqyák hk w}kaeqqk. okqy}fhik vue k ju`z muqaf hák à f Re}ifie Bæy`af #}efn). ofq f ae}yezf ie vue quf iea`qák à f oenck} wkqqïren hkq n`o`yeq ieqqfq w}krfq w}eqehyeq hkq fuykq( Re}ifie }efn. wk}yfhyk. à yehyf} fnafhìf} uof re}ifie w}kaeqqufn of`q w}ñs`of wkqqïren if re}ifie bæy`af wf}f oenck} fwn`af} f ne` fk afqk akha}eyk. wk} `qqk k ju`z yeo wkie}eq `hqy}uyñ}`kq(
=5
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
F yehiêha`f. ckje. à iehko`hf} Re}ifie ]efn ie Re}ifie W}kaeqqufn( F re}ifie w}kaeqqufn à f re}ifie ifvuene w}kaeqqk. hák `owk}yf qe à b`ayf ku }efn(
Kmqe}rfìák: K w}kaeqqk wehfn akoeìku f fio`y`} f re}ifie b`ayf ako f y}fhqfìák wehfn hkq Ju`zfikq Eqwea`f`q a}`o`hf`q( Wk} `qqk. ckje. cæ uof bnfl}fhye o`y`lfìák if re}ifie }efn hk w}kaeqqk wehfn. wk`q f y}fhqfìák wehfn fm}e of}leo wf}f f re}ifie b`ayf( VUEQYÁK: [ Vuf`q qák kq n`o`yeq wf}f f Re}ifie ]efn. hk W}kaeqqk Wehfn M}fq`ne`}k; 6( Y}fhqfìák Wehfn #ckoknklf/qe k fak}ik e w}khyk) à of`q uof u of o`y`lfìák&&&& =( Reifìák ie }er`qák a}`o`hfn akhy}f k }àu 4 #qe}æ qkoehye f bfrk} ik }àu) 1( @hfio`qq`m`n`ifie ifq w}krfq `nïa`yfq 4 9( Ju`zfik Eqwea`fn e f y}fhqfìák wehfn #o`y`lfìák if re}ifie }efn)( F Ne` 66207+73 fnye}f f }eifìák ik f}y( 652 ik AWW: K f}y( 652. @@. AWW: akhy`huf ako f oeqof }eifìák fhye}`k}: kq wkie}eq `hqy}uyñ}`kq ik ju`z qák qeow}e quwney`rkq fkq ifq wf}yeq( K f}y( 652. @. AWW: y}fz }eifìák hkrf( A}ïy`af: Y}fyf/qe ie hk}of bnfl}fhyeoehye `hakhqy`yua`khfn #`hanuq`re jæ bk` w}kwkqyf FI@). vue r`knf k q`qyeof fauqfyñ}`k. }eykofhik y}fìkq ik q`qyeof `hvu`q`y`rk. uof rez vue k Wkie} Jui`a`æ}`k à `he}ye( Es: k f}y`lk 1º. if Ne` 0719+05. yfomào }eneom}f k q`qyeof `hvu`q`y`rk. ofq bk` ieanf}fik `hakhqy`yua`khfn(
N@ME]IFIE IKQ OE@KQ IE W]KRF: K Añi`lk Wehfn fw}eqehyf uo }kn #eseown`b`afy`rk) ie eqwàa`eq ie w}krf. e ykifq iereo qe} fio`y`ifq( Hk ehyfhyk. eqqf }el}f wkqque esaeìõeq4 hák qák fio`y`ifq fq w}krfq akhy}æ}`fq ç ne`: @nïa`yfq #r`knfo I`}e`yk Ofye}`fn) + W]KRFQ @NELF@Q ^ @nelïy`ofq #r`knfo I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn)( * Bfykq hkyñ}`kq i`qwehqfo f w}kiuìák ie w}krfq( 0( W]@HAÏW@K IF @HFIO@QQ@M@N@IFIE IFQ W]KRFQ KMY@IFQ WK] OE@KQ @NÏA@YKQ: @NÏA@YKQ: Qák fq acfofifq W}krfq W}k`m`ifq( =2
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
! W}krfq W}k`m`ifq qeluhik B}eie}`ak Of}vueq : Wf}f B}eie}`ak Of}vueq fq W}krfq W}k`m`ifq qák: / W}krfq reififq wk} ne` #`nelf`q)4 / W}krfq fyehyfyñ}`fq f akqyuoeq4 / W}krfq fyehyfyñ}`fq f w}`haïw`kq4 / W}krfq `ok}f`q e fhy`ày`afq4 / W}krfq }en`l`kqfq( #fykq ie bà hák qák w}krære`q. e qe hák cæ akok w}krf} uo fyk ie bà. wk}yfhyk. hák cæ akok uy`n`zf} uo fyk ie bà akok oe`k ie w}krf)(
We}luhyf ie uof w}krf k}fn OW fhkq fy}æq : [ Ikuyk}. akok w}kokyk} ie Juqy`ìf ik Y}`muhfn ik Jú}` k qehck} fio`y`}`f f juhyfif fkq fuykq ie uof w}krf y}fz`if wenkq bfo`n`f}eq if rïy`of. vue akhq`qye eo uof af}yf wq`akl}fbfif quwkqyfoehye ehr`fif ehr`fif wenf rïy`of. `hbk}ofhik vue k }àu hák à k `hb}fyk}; [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ W}`oe`}foehye. f af}yf à uo ikauoehyk( Hák à akhy}æ}`f f ne` w}kaeqqufn ku ofye}`fn( [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ ]eqwkqyf: K afhi`ifyk iere}`f }eqwkhie}: Ikuyk}4 akok w}kokyk} ie juqy`ìf. hák à o`hcf buhìák fio`y`} ku hák f juhyfif if af}yf. `qqk à buhìák ik ju`z( Akok w}kokyk} wkie}`f kw`hf} f bfrk} ku akhy}f f juhyfif( / qe k afhi`ifyk afhi`ifyk ieqejf} kw`hf} akhy}f : Iere}æ quqyehyf} k vue i`z B}eie}`ak Of}vueq( / qe k afhi`ifyk afhi`ifyk ieqejf} kw`hf} f bfrk} : Iere}æ f}luoehyf} akhy}f B}eie}`ak Of}vueq( Ene eqa}ereu k yesyk fhyeq if Akhqy`yu`ìák ie 60334 k M}fq`n e}f afyñn`ak hf àwkaf( Ckje r`lk}f hk M}fq`n f n`me}ifie ikq oe`kq ie w}krf e fq esaeìõeq w}er`qyfq qák fq w}krfq `nïa`yfq e `nelïy`ofq( Fyufnoehye es`qye uo w}kjeyk ie ne` y}fo`yfhik hk akhl}eqqk wf}f `hanu`} hk AWW f reifìák esw}eqqf çq af}yfq wq`akl}fbfifq( VUEQYÁK: [À wkqqïren fio`y`} f af}yf wq`akl}fbfif; E wkqqïren rfnk}f} f af}yf wq`akl}fbfif; F af}yf wq`akl}fbfif. eo r`}yuie if n`me}ifie ikq oe`kq ie w}krfq. hák à uof w}krf `nelfn. wk`q hák à w}k`m`if wk} ne`. wk}yfhyk wkie}`f qe} fio`y`if( Wf}f buhifoehyf} vue f af}yf wq`akl}fbfif hák à w}krf we}o`y`if. fyà vue qkm}erehcf f ne` reifhik yfn w}krf. iere qe} fikyfik k wkq`a`khfoehyk ie B}eie}`ak Of}vueq. eo vue fykq ie bà hák qák w}krære`q. qehik ieqqf bk}of w}krf w}k`m`if(
=<
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Fhy`lfoehye. k M}fq`n e}f uo wfïq afyñn`ak( Ehyák. fikyfhik k wkq`a`khfoehyk ie B}eie}`ak Of}vueq. f af}yf wq`akl}fbfif e}f fyehyfyñ}`f fkq akqyuoeq( Ckje. hák cæ akok mfqef} heqqe buhifoehyk k fbfqyfoehyk if af}yf wq`akl}fbfif. uof rez vue k M}fq`n yk}hku/qe uo wfïq nf`ak( Qehik fqq`o. qkoehye vufhik qkm}er`e} ne` ie i`qwkhik qkm}e f ofyà}`f f vueqyák qe}æ }eqknr`if(
F}y( 65<( Qák `hfio`qqïre`q. ierehik qe} ieqehy}fhcfifq ik w}kaeqqk. fq w}krfq `nïa`yfq. fqq`o ehyehi`ifq fq kmy`ifq eo r`knfìák f hk}ofq akhqy`yua`khf`q ku nelf`q( À `owk}yfhye kmqe}rf} vue cæ uof o`y`lfìák hf esw}eqqák „w}krf `nïa`yf‟. wk} `qqk. à heaeqqæ}`k re} fañ}iákq qeow}e( Qák 1 fq Yek}`fq if @hfio`qq`m`n`ifie: 6/ W}krf @nïa`yf wk} ie}`rfìák : F w}krf eo q` oeqof hák à `nïa`yf e q`o k oe`k wenf vufn enf kmy`if( K QYB fikyf f yek}`f if w}krf `nïa`yf wk} ie}`rfìák #eqqe à k wkq`a`khfoehyk ofjk}`yæ}`k)( Qkoehye hf w}krf ie akhau}qk ik OW eqyfiufn hák à fikyfif f yek}`f ofjk}`yæ}`f. ofq f yek}`f if w}kwk}a`khfn`ifie( F w}krf `nïa`yf wk} ie}`rfìák à f „Yek}`f ikq b}uykq if æ}rk}e ehrehehfif‟( #K QYB hák uy`n`zku f „Yek}`f ifq Hun`ifieq‟. ene bk` muqaf} hk I`}e`yk Foe}`afhk f Yek}`f ikq b}uykq if æ}rk}e ehrehehfif. wk`q hk `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn hák qe fwn`af f Yek}`f ifq Hun`ifieq / iu}fhye k `hvuà}`yk hák qe wkie bfnf} eo hun`ifieq( Bk}ofn`zku fqq`o f Yek}`f ifq w}krfq `nïa`yfq wk} ie}`rfìák. khie fb`}of vue qák `hfio`qqïre`q fq w}krfq `nïa`yfq e ie}`rfifq( Ã hf re}ifie f Yek}`f ifq Hun`ifieq. „fyk eo ieqakhbk}o`ifie ako f ne` à fyk hunk‟ e kq fykq qumqevþehyeq qák akhyfo`hfikq wenk fyk r`a`fik( E akok hák cæ hun`ifieq hk @hvuà}`yk Wkn`a`fn. ofq qkoehye hk w}kaeqqk k QYB muqaku hk I`}e`yk Eqy}fhle`}k f „Yek}`f if B}u`yq kb wk`qkh yc}ee‟( Akok k oe`k bk` `nïa`yk f w}krf qe}æ `nïa`yf e k quje`yk qe}æ fmqknr`ik)( Fnluofq i`be}ehìfq heaeqqæ}`fq : I`be}ehìfq e ehy}e „@hye}aewyfìák Yenebùh`af‟. „Eqauyf Yenebùh`af‟. „L}frfìák ku Eqauyf Fom`ehyfn‟. „L}frfìõeq ehy}e @hye}nkauyk}eq‟. „L}frfìák Anfhieqy`hf‟. e „Vuem}f ie Q`l`nk‟: 6/ @hye}aewyfìák @hye}aewyfìák Yenebùh`af : Uo ye}ae`}k. eqy}fhck fkq `hye}nkauyk}eq. `hye}nkauyk}eq. kur`hik e w}krfrenoehye w}krfrenoehye l}frfhik akhre}qfq( Qeo vue kq `hye}nkauyk}eq qf`mfo vue eqyák qehik kur`ikq( / ]evu`q`ykq if @hye}aewyfìák Yenebùh`af : 6( Qñ wkie qe} fuyk}`zfif eo w}kaei`oehykq a}`o`hf`q4 =( Eo a}`oeq wuh`ikq ako }eanuqák4
=3
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
1( Wk} w}fzk ie 65 i`fq w}k}}klæren wk} `lufn we}ïkik wf}f f Iebeqf ku `hieye}o`hfik. `qyk à. ie 65 eo 65 i`fq `hieye}o`hfifoehye. wf}f f Fauqfìák( =/ Eqauyf Yenebùh`af : Uo ikq `hye}nkauyk}eq qfme vue es`qye uo ye}ae`}k kur`hik e l}frfhik( Fqq`o. f l}frfìák à fuyk}`zfif wk} uo ikq `hye}nkauyk}eq( Eqqf fy`yuie hák i`qwehqf f fuyk}`zfìák fuyk}`zfìák ik kuy}k( F eqauyf eqyæ hk}ofnoehye fqqka`fif f esyk}qák oei`fhye qevþeqy}k( 1/ L}frfìák ku Eqauyf Fom`ehyfn : Hf l}frfìák fom`ehyfn hák cæ w}`rfa`ifie. #k bkak à f w}`rfa`ifie)( Wkie qe} æui`k. rïiek( 9/ L}frfìák Fom`ehyfn Anfhieqy`hf : Hf l}frfìák fom`ehyfn anfhieqy`hf #l}frfìák kaunyf). yfomào hák cæ w}`rfa`ifie. wkie fyà qe} `ok}fn. fhy`ày`af. ofq hák à `nïa`yf( F l}frfìák à akhq`ie}fif anfhieqy`hf e `nïa`yf qe k nulf} bk} wf}y`aunf}. hák e `nïa`yf qe k `hi`rïiuk hák eqyæ eo akhi`ìák ie w}`rfa`ifie( Eo }enfìák nkafn khie fq weqqkfq bfnfo n`r}eoehye e vufnvue} weqqkf wkie}`f eqauyf}. hák à akhq`ie}fif anfhieqy`hf( Eseownkq: F weqqkf vue aknkaf aíoe}f kaunyf hf quf w}ñw}`f afqf( @owk}yfhye }eqqfnyf} vue f eow}elfif hák yeo w}`rfa`ifie iehy}k if afqf ieqyf weqqkf. f hák qe} vue f oeqof yehcf uo vuf}yk qñ ienf. ku uo fom`ehye qñ ienf. heqye fom`ehye enf ye}æ w}`rfa`ifie( @hi`rïiuk w}eqk eo bnfl}fhye( K ienelfik qkn`a`yf fk w}eqk quf fjuif e `hbnueha`f k w}eqk f akhyf} f re}ifie( Eqye ehyák akhbeqqf qeo qfme} vue cfr`f uof aíoe}f eqakhi`if l}frfhik yuik( Eqqf w}krf wkie qe} uqfif; À akhq`ie}fif w}krf `nïa`yf; Ã akhq`ie}fif w}krf `nïa`yf( K iewk`oehyk à qeow}e bk}ofn( K `hi`rïiuk yfomào hák eqyæ eo akhi`ìák ie w}`rfa`ifie( K vue `}æ ieye}o`hf} f `n`a`yuie à f r`knfìák ikq i`}e`ykq akhqy`yua`khf`q #Re}`b`afìák ie vufn à k „ou}k ie w}kyeìák akhqy`yua`khfn‟)( K i`}e`yk ieqye `hi`rïiuk vue bk` r`knfik bk` k i`}e`yk fk q`nêha`k4 lf}fhy`ik akhqy`yua`khfnoehy akhqy`yua`khfnoehye( e( K ienelfik iere}`f `h`a`f} k `hye}}klfyñ}`k `hye}}klfyñ}`k `hbk}ofhik fk w}eqk k i`}e`yk ie hák w}kiuz`} w}krf akhy}f q` oeqok. b`afhik eo q`nêha`k( Qe k ienelfik y`reqqe i`yk `qqk f b`yf wkie}`f. we}be`yfoehye. qe} uy`n`zfif( Qe}`f uof w}krf nïa`yf( Eo }enfìák fk lfm`heye ik ienelfik qñ ene wkie aknkaf} aíoe}f+l}frfik}. ku oei`fhye fuyk}`zfìák jui`a`fn( 5/ L}frfìák ehy}e @hye}nkauyk}eq: K w}ñw}`k `hye}nkauyk} l}frf. ofq eo le}fn hák wkie}`f l}frf}. fwehfq qe}`f wkqqïren i`fhye ie uof esanuiehye ie `n`a`yuie( =0
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Wkie qe} ku hák wk} yenebkhe( 2/ Vuem}f ie Q`l`nk : W}`oe`}foehye à `owk}yfhye qfme} vue f Vuem}f ie Q`l`nk e f @hye}aewyfìák qák b`lu}fq i`be}ehyeq( F @hye}aewyfìák à fuyk}`zfif wf}f b}ehye. fy`hle k buyu}k. e qe yeo faeqqk fkq akhyeúikq. ehvufhyk f Vuem}f ie Q`l`nk à fuyk}`zfif wf}f y}æq. ku qejf. fy`hle k wfqqfik. à k faeqqk fkq ifikq. ofq hák fk akhyeúik( Hf Vuem}f ie Q`l`nk f weqqkf yeo faeqqk fkq húoe}kq eo vue k `hi`rïiuk yenebkhku. vufn f ifyf. ck}æ}`k e yeowk ie iu}fìák if n`lfìák( Hák yeo akok qfme} k vue ene i`qqe ako k kuy}k `hye}nkauyk}( F @hye}aewyfìák à }eqe}rf ju}`qi`a`khfn( F r`knfìák f i`}e`ykq hf `hye}aewyfìák e ou`yk of`k} vue hf vuem}f( Hf vuem}f k `hi`rïiuk huhaf yere q`l`nk fmqknuyk( F weqqkf vue y}fmfncf hf akowfhc`f yenebùh`af4 k le}ehye ik mfhak. f }eae`yf beie}fn eya(y`re}fo faeqqk f eqqeq ifikq( Kq oeom}kq ik OW e AW@ wkieo }evu`q`yf} ikauoehykq #ç ]eae`yf Beie}fn. akowfhc`f yenebùh`af) vufhik ehyehie} akhreh`ehye( Qñ wkie }evu`q`yf} eqyeq ikauoehykq wk}vue hák cæ }eqe}rf ju}`qi`a`khfn( / ]evu`q`ykq if @hye}aewyfìák Yenebùh`af:
Kmqe}rfìõeq: [ À wkqqïren vuem}f ie e/of`n; Oehqfleo aenunf};Oqh; F af}yf yeah`afoehye yeo q`l`nk fmqknuyk( Eomk}f hehcuo i`}e`yk qejf fmqknuyk. ykikq eneq wkieo qe} wkhie}fikq( Fqq`o. k Ju`z hák wkie uqf} fw}eehqák ie af}yf( @owk}yfhye qfme} vue af}yf fme}yf à ikauoehyk( Af}yf beacfif à `hr`knæren( Kq Juïzeq eqa}ereo hk ofhifik ie muqaf e fw}eehqák ieqa}erehik ieqa}erehi k kq ikauoehykq e hk b`hfn reo eqwea`b`afhik. esaeyk af}yfq beacfifq( K AWW we}o`ye. ofq eqyf w}erfnêha`f hák wkie qe qkm}ewk} ç Akhqy`yu`ìák( K e/of`n wkie qe} akhq`ie}fik uof erknuìák if af}yf e if yenebkh`f( K w}kmneof e vue „vuem}f‟ fy`hle k wfqqfik. ofq hák fy`hle akhyeúik( K w}kreik} a}`wykl}fbf e luf}if f oehqfleo( Vufhik k ju`z fuyk}`zf f vuem}f k w}kreik} `hbk}of wf}f vueo rkaê ofhiku k e/of`n. i`f e ck}f juhyfoehye ako k akhyeúik( K l}fhie w}kmneof à f vueqyák if weikb`n`f( Wf}f `hreqy`lf} eqye y`wk ie a}`oe e heaeqqæ}`k qfme} k akhyeúik4 wk`q qñ kq ifikq e ieqy`hfyæ}`k hák w}krfo f weikb`n`f( E/of`n qfnrk hk akowuyfik} à akhq`ie}fik ikauoehyk #af}yf fme}yf)( F wkq`ìák ofjk}`yæ}`f ehyehie vue wkie vuem}f}. wk`q f ne` ie yeneakouh`afìõeq qe }ebe}e ç yenebkh`f e f yeneoæy`af yeneoæy`af #q`yufìák eo vue qe ehvufi}f}`f k e/of`n)( F ikuy}`hf o`hk}`yæ}`f mfqe`f/qe hk i`}e`yk akhqy`yua`khfn ie `hr`knfm`n`ifie ik iko`aïn`k( [ F @hye}aewyfìák à w}krf. oe`k ku reqyïl`k; E k oe`k fy}fràq ik vufn rkaê kure fq akhre}qfq(
17
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Eseownk: L}fowk+`hye}aewyfìõeq 8 l}frfìák+akhyeúik 8 Mn`yz+fw}eehqák ik wñ m}fhak8 nfuik ~ ~ ~ Oe`k `nïa`yk w6 Fuyk ie Fw}eehqák w= w}àr`k+akafïhf w}àr`k+akafïhf 8 iewk`oehyk 8 FWB ((( ~ ~ ~ W1 W9.5.2 W< „@hye}aewyfìák‟ à k hkoe yàah`ak ie „l}fowk‟( F `hye}aewyfìák yenebùh`af eqyæ i`qwkqyf hf Ne` 0=02+02( Ykif `hye}aewyfìák yenebùh`af wf}f qe} w}krf nïa`yf. iere qe} akhaei`if jui`a`fnoehye e iere qe} }ehkrfif iehy}k ik w}fzk nelfnoehye w}er`qyk( F `hye}aewyfìák yenebùh`af `nïa`yf à k oe`k `nïa`yk( Jæ f l}frfìák. k akhyeúik à f w}krf `nïa`yf( K fuyk ie fw}krfìák ik „wñ m}fhak‟ à f qeluhif w}krf kmy`if wk} oe`k `nïa`yk( K nfuik w}àr`k i`zehik vue k „wñ m}fhak‟ à akafïhf à f ye}ae`}f w}krf kmy`if wk} oe`k `nïa`yk( F w}krf `nïa`yf à f l}frfìák( Fq w}krfq `nïa`yfq wk} ie}`rfìák qák ykifq fq ieof`q w}krfq( Eqqfq w}krfq qák `nïa`yfq wk} ie}`rfìák wk}vue qe hák es`qy`qqe f w}`oe`}f w}krf `nïa`yf #l}frfìák). hák qe}`fo kmy`ifq fq ieof`q w}krfq( Hk ehyfhyk. qe kuy}f w}krf. wk}ào nïa`yf #es: iewk`oehyk ie yeqyeouhcf). }enfyf} k oeqok vue f w}krf `nïa`yf. k quje`yk qe}æ akhiehfik. ofq hák eo r`}yuie if w}krf `nïa`yf e q`o eo r`}yuie if w}krf `nïa`yf. uof rez vue fq w}krfq qák `hiewehiehyeq( F w}krf `nïa`yf à akok k fyk hunk if Yek}`f Le}fn ik W}kaeqqk( Ykikq kq fykq ieak}}ehyeq ik fyk hunk qák yfomào r`a`fikq ‑ Yek}`f ifq hun`ifieq( F yek}`f ifq hun`ifieq qñ à uy`n`zfif hf bfqe w}kaeqqufn. w}kaeqqufn. ku qejf. hák qe wkie fwn`af} eqqf yek}`f hf bfqe ie `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn( Hkrf }eifìák f}y`lk 65< ¬1· hk afqk ik y}æb`ak ie i}klfq. hk eseownk fa`of. k okoehyk ak}}eyk wf}f k ju`z re}`b`af} f kak}}êha`f if w}krf `nïa`yf e ieqehy}fhcf} à k okoehyk eo vue ene }eaeme f iehúha`f( Qe heqye afqk fhfn`qfik k ju`z hák b`ze} hfif e ie`sf} f w}krf we}ofheae} hk w}kaeqqk4 f ne` yere k au`ifik ie `hbk}of} vue k y}`muhfn `}æ `huy`n`zf} f w}krf( =/ W}kwk}a`khfn`ifie: K l}fhie iebehqk} ieqqf yek}`f à Jkqà Af}nkq Mf}mkqf Ok}e`}f( Eqqf w}kwk}a`khfn`ifie ie Mf}mkqf Ok}e`}f hák à f w}kwk}a`khfn`ifie if Akhqy`yu`ìák Beie}fn ie 6033 #wkhie}fìák ie `hye}eqqeq)( Wf}f Mf}mkqf Ok}e`}f. f Akhqy`yu`ìák Beie}fn ie 6033 w}kïme }efnoehye fq w}krfq kmy`ifq wk} oe`kq `nïa`ykq. ofq hfif i`z qkm}e fq w}krfq `nïa`yfq wk} ie}`rfìák( Ehyák. ene i`z vue iere qe} be`yf uof fhæn`qe if w}kwk}a`khfn`ifie ikq mehq ju}ïi`akq r`knfikq. es: f w}krf kmy`if wk} oe`k `nïa`yk wf}f w}krf} k a}`oe ie y}æb`ak e k w}ñw}`k a}`oe ie 16
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
y}æb`ak: [K vue r`knf of`q l}freoehye uo meo ju}ïi`ak wehfnoehye w}kyel`ik; Wf}f ene à k a}`oe ie y}æb`ak( Ieqqf bk}of. k a}`oe ie y}æb`ak oe}eae of`k} }ew}`oehif wk} wf}ye ik Eqyfik ik vue f kmyehìák if w}krf wk} oe`k `nïa`yk. uof rez vue k i`}e`yk if qka`eifie w}erfneae qkm}e k i`}e`yk `hi`r`iufn( Ehyák. k quje`yk }eqwkhie}`f wenk a}`oe. wk`q fweqf} ie Mf}mkqf Ok}e`}f hák fio`y`} f w}krf kmy`if wk} oe`k `nïa`yk. wf}f ene à wkqqïren f uy`n`zfìák ifq w}krfq `nïa`yfq wk} ie}`rfìák( Eo }eqwkqyf f eqqf yek}`f. k QYB i`z vue qe bkqqe kmqe}rfif f w}kwk}a`khfn`ifie ie mehq ju}ïi`akq fw}eqehyfif wk} Mf}mkqf Ok}e`}f. f n`me}ifie w}erfneae}`f e h`hluào wkie}`f qe} w}eqk( 1/ Esanuiehyeq ku W}krf @nïa`yf w}k }ek : Fq w}krfq @nïa`yfq wkieo qe} fio`y`ifq f bfrk} ik }àu(
! AFQKQ AKHA]EYKQ : / W}krfq fmqknuyfoehye `hiewehiehyeq e bfykq `hakouh`aære`q : VUEQYÁK: F fw}eehqák ie b`yfq ie rïiek iehy}k ie uo akhqunyñ}`k oài`ak. vue hák à iko`aïn`k. qeo fuyk}`zfìák jui`a`fn. vue akow}krfo vue k oài`ak fmuqfrf qesufnoehye ie oehk}eq à: f) ((( m) ((( a) Evu`wf}æren f uof eqauyf yenebùh`af kwe}fif wenkq wkn`a`f`q qeo fuyk}`zfìák jui`a`fn. huof esyk}qák oei`fhye qevþeqy}k( i) W}krf `nïa`yf ]eqwkqyf: I #Yeokq vue qfme} vue akhqunyñ}`k oài`ak à iko`aïn`k. f`hif vue f vueqyák i`lf vue hák à&) Fyufnoehye. Fyufnoehye. q`owneqoehye ye} fq b`yfq #f}ofzehf}) à a}`oe& #f}y(=96. M. EAF) F }eqwkqyf hák à ney}f „a‟. hf `hye}aewyfìák. r`knf/qe k q`l`nk ie ykikq kq `hye}nkauyk}eq if akhre}qf( Hf eqauyf yenebùh`af. uo `hye}nkauyk} qfme if eqauyf e fuyk}`zku f l}frfìák. ofq fnào ik akhqehy`oehyk ie uo ikq `hye}nkauyk}eq. iere cfre} fuyk}`zfìák jui`a`fn. wk`q k q`l`nk ik kuy}k `hye}nkauyk} eqyæ qehik r`knfik( Ofq. hk afqk if esyk}qák oei`fhye qevþeqy}k. f eqauyf à ræn`if. wk`q cæ f wkhie}fìák ie `hye}eqqeq #r`knfìák ik q`l`nk ifq akouh`afìõeq yenebùh`afq ik qevþeqy}fik} S n`me}ifie if rïy`of ‑ wkhie}fìák ie i`}e`yk `hi`r`iufn b}ehye f kuy}k i`}e`yk `hi`r`iufn). w}erfneaehik k i`}e`yk `hi`r`iufn if n`me}ifie if rïy`of( Fnào i`qqk. f wknïa`f eqyæ uy`n`zfhik k l}fowk yenebùh`ak wf}f n`me}yf} f rïy`of e hák wf}f w}ehie} k qevþeqy}fik}( Of`q uo f}luoehyk qe}`f k bnfl}fhye ien`yk ik qevþeqy}fik} #a}`oe we}ofhehye)( Oeqok heqqe afqk f fuyk}`zfìák jui`a`fn iere}æ qe} muqafif wkqye}`k}oehye( 1=
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Hf vueqyák. k l}fowk hák eqyæ qehik uy`n`zfik wf}f qfnrf} fq a}`fhìfq e q`o wf}f w}ehie} k `hb}fyk}( Hk afqk. hák cæ a}`oe. wk`q f vueqyák hák i`qqe vue k oài`ak eqyfrf re`aunfhik fq b`yfq #wkqqu`} fq b`yfq hák à a}`oe)( Ehyák. qe}æ heaeqqæ}`k ofhifik ie muqaf e fw}eehqák wf}f fw}eehie} fq b`yfq. wk} `qqk f w}krf à `nïa`yf #eqqf à f wkq`ìák ofjk}`yæ}`f)( Wf}f f w}krf ik O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak. f w}krf qe}`f nïa`yf. akhbk}oe f Yek}`f if W}kwk}a`khfn`ifie W}kwk}a`khfn`ifie ie Mf}mkqf Ok}e`}f( / Akhesák: Huo ofhifik ie muqaf „beacfik‟. k kmjeyk vue ehakhy}e` yeo hesk r`haunfhye fk vue bu` muqaf}( K ofhifik ie muqaf e fw}eehqák iere qe} meo ieyfncfik. ofq qe fk auow}`} k ofhifik bk} ehakhy}fik kmjeyk akhesk ako fvuene ieqa}`yk hk ofhiák f qe} auow}`ik. ene yfomào iere}æ qe} fw}eehi`ik( Ieqqf bk}of. qe eo uof akhre}qf yenebùh`af `hye}aewyfif bk} re}`b`afif f es`qyêha`f ie kuy}kq a}`oeq. cfrehik akhesák ehy}e fq `hb}fìõeq #f `hye}aewyfif e f akhesf f enf). oeqok qe uof bk} `hb}fìák ie }eanuqák } eanuqák e f kuy}f `hb}fìák bk} ie ieyehìák. f fwu}fìák if `hb}fìák akhesf wkie}æ qe} }efn`zfif hf oeqof `hreqy`lfìák( / Afqk Bk}yu`yk: K kmjeyk vue bu` muqaf} à ehakhy}fik. e ehakhy}k f`hif kuy}kq kmjeykq ie kuy}kq a}`oeq vue hák yeo hehcuof akhesák( Qe k a}`oe re}`b`afik hf `hye}aewyfìák hák bk} akhesk fk a}`oe fwu}fik wenf `hye}aewyfìák yenebùh`af. iere}æ qe} fme}yf kuy}f `hreqy`lfìák. wk`q qe y}fyf ie `hb}fìák fwu}fif wk} afqk bk}yu`yk. ierehik. wk}yfhyk. qe} eswei`ik hkrk ofhifik ie muqaf e fw}eehqák if w}krf kmy`if. esaeyk qe ckure} bnfl}fhye #`hye}aewyfìák #`hye}aewyfìák eo yeowk }efn)( Heqqeq afqkq hák cæ `nïa`yk. wk`q f `hye}aewyfìák bk` fuyk}`zfif jui`a`fnoehye( Eqqf ofyà}`f fm}fhle æui`k e rïiek. qe fuyk}`zfikq jui`a`fnoehye. f w}krf qe}æ nïa`yf( / @her`yfm`n`ifie ik Ehakhy}k : „F‟ à `hi`a`fik eo uo `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn vue fwu}f k a}`oe ie cko`aïi`k( F wknïa`f hák ehakhy}ku f f}of ik a}`oe( „A‟ ehy}f hf afqf ie „F‟ e w}fy`af uo bu}yk. iehy}e f „}eq bu}y`rf‟ eqyæ f f}of( Fk qf`} if afqf ie „F‟. „A‟ à w}eqk eo bnfl}fhye wenk bu}yk e f „}eq‟ à fw}eehi`if wenf wknïa`f( F f}of eo }enfìák f „F‟ à w}krf `nïa`yf wk} ie}`rfìák( K Eqyfik hák wkie uy`n`zf} ie w}krfq kmy`ifq wk} oe`kq `nïa`ykq. hák `owk}yf vueo w}fy`aku k `nïa`yk #Eqyfik ku wf}y`aunf})( F f}of eqyfrf iehy}k if afqf ie „F‟ #fq`nk `hr`knæren) e bk` kmy`if wk} „A‟ fy}fràq ie oe`k `nïa`yk #r`knfìák ik fq`nk `hr`knæren. }eqluf}ifik akhqy`yua`khfnoehye)( F wknïa`f kmyere f f}of ie bk}of nïa`yf #w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye ie „A‟). ofq f w}krf #f}of) bk` kmy`if wk} „A‟ fy}fràq ie oe`k `nïa`yk( Wk}yfhyk. f w}krf kmy`if wenkq wkn`a`f`q à w}krf `nïa`yf wk} ie}`rfìák( F w}krf #f}of) vue qe}`f nïa`yf bk` akhyfo`hfif wenf r`knfìák ie iko`aïn`k ie „F‟( 11
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Eo w}krf ie akhau}qk wf}f k O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak Eqyfiufn. qe}`f fikyfif f wkq`ìák ie Mf}mkqf Ok}e`}f. „Yek}`f if W}kwk}a`khfn`ifie‟ e f f}of wkie}`f qe} uy`n`zfif wenf wknïa`f akok w}krf nïa`yf. wk`q qeluhik ene f w}krf ie}`rfif if w}krf `nïa`yf. eo r`}yuie if w}kwk}a`khfn`ifie ie mehq ju}ïi`akq. ie`sf ie qe} `nïa`yf e wkie qe} uy`n`zfif( F wfnfr}f f}of hák vue} i`ze} f}of ie bklk( Qe f vueqyák hák i`qqe vufn f}of e}f. hák qe wkie `hye}w}eyf} akok qe} bkqqe f}of ie bklk( W}krf `nïa`yf à fvuenf vue r`knf i`}e`yk ofye}`fn. hák es`qye a}`oe akhy}f f w}`rfa`ifie. ofq w}`rfa`ifie à i`}e`yk akhqy`yua`khfn. ku qejf. i`}e`yk ofye}`fn akhqy`yua`khfn( Hfq vueqyõeq ie w}krf `nïa`yf. iere qe} re}`b`afik vufn à k i`}e`yk ofye}`fn akhqy`yua`khfn r`knfik e hák k i`}e`yk ofye}`fn wehfn r`knfik( Hf vueqyák ifif fa`of. k i`}e`yk ofye}`fn akhqy`yua`khfn vue bk` r`knfik à k fq`nk `hr`knæren e hák k a}`oe ie bu}yk( Qe f w}krf #f}of) bkqqe kmy`if wenf wknïa`f fwñq k bu}yk ie „F‟ wk} „A‟. vufhik eqye afo`hcfrf wenf }uf. f w}krf hák ye}`f q`ik kmy`if wk} oe`k `nïa`yk. wk`q hák cæ i`}e`yk ofye}`fn akhqy`yua`khfn }eqluf}ifik( K vue iere qe} muqafik wf}f qknua`khf} vueqyõeq ieqqe y`wk à f w}kyeìák akhqy`yua`khfn e hák k a}`oe. akok jæ i`yk fhye}`k}oehye. wk} eseownk. l}frf} f funf à nïa`yk. wk`q hák cæ w}`rfa`ifie ehy}e f w}kbeqqk}f e kq fnuhkq. uof rez vue kq fnuhkq qák yeqyeouhcfq ifvu`nk vue f w}kbeqqk}f bfnku( Oeqok qe enf i`qqeqqe qe} w}k`m`if f l}frfìák if funf. eqqf l}frfìák qe}`f nïa`yf. wkie}`f qe} fhy`ày`af. ofq hák qe}`f `nïa`yf( Qe. hk eseownk.„F‟ y`reqqe fuyk}`zfik „A‟ f welf} f f}of eo quf afqf e f wknïa`f ehakhy}fqqe f f}of ako „A‟. hák cfre}`f w}krf `nïa`yf wk} ie}`rfìák. wk`q hák cæ i`}e`yk ofye}`fn akhqy`yua`khfn }eqluf}ifik( Eo kuy}f c`wñyeqe. qe f wknïa`f jæ y`reqqe uo ofhifik ie muqaf e fw}eehqák if f}of e qkoehye hák y`reqqe auow}`ik hfvuene i`f wk} bfnyf ie oe`kq wf}f auow}`/nk. wk}ào auow}`}`f k ofhifik hk i`f qelu`hye. ofq kak}}e uof q`yufìák `huq`yfif: „A‟ bu}yf} f f}of ie „F‟ eo quf }eq`iêha`f hk i`f vue qe}`f }efn`zfif f muqaf e fw}eehqák if f}of. cfre}`f. heqqe afqk. f `her`yfm`n`ifie ik ehakhy}k ( Wk}yfhyk. qe f wknïa`f welf} „A‟ ako f f}of hák cfre}`f w}krf `nïa`yf wk} ie}`rfìák. wk`q eqyf}`f w}eqehye f `her`yfm`n`ifie ie ehakhy}f} f f}of. jæ vue qe „A‟ hák y`reqqe bu}yfik f f}of. enf ye}`f q`ik ehakhy}fif hf afqf ie „F‟ wenkq wkn`a`f`q fk auow}`}eo k ofhifik ie muqaf e fw}eehqák( / W}kwk}a`khfn`ifie ik I`}e`yk @hi`r`iufn Akney`rk : K I`}e`yk `hi`r`iufn akney`rk à k I`}e`yk `hi`r`iufn ie ræ}`fq weqqkfq ieye}o`hære`q. aujkq i`}e`ykq eqyák qehik foefìfikq re}quq k I`}e`yk `hi`r`iufn ie uof weqqkf ku ie uo húoe}k oehk} ie weqqkfq( Kq i`}e`ykq `hi`r`iuf`q ie ræ}`fq weqqkfq ieye}o`hære`q vue eqyák qehik foefìfikq #I`}e`yk `hi`r`iufn akney`rk) w}erfneaeo qkm}e k i`}e`yk `hi`r`iufn ie uof weqqkf ku ie uo húoe}k oehk} ie weqqkfq(
19
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Eseownkq: Lnñ}`f Y}er`: Lnñ}`f Y}er` eqyfrf l}ær`if e yere vue qe qumoeye} fk esfoe ie IHF #}eqluf}ifif wenk wfayk ie Qák Jkqà if Akqyf ]`af / i`}e`yk `hi`r`iufn ie hák bfze} w}krf akhy}f q` oeqof) wf}f qfme} vueo e}f k wf` ik b`nck. uof rez vue enf i`qqe ye} q`ik rïy`of ie eqyuw}k iehy}k if af}ae}fleo e ykikq kq ckoehq vue fn` y}fmfncfrfo qe}`fo quqwe`ykq ie eqyuw}k e ie qe} k wf` if a}`fhìf #i`}e`yk `hi`r`iufn akney`rk ie hák qe}eo fauqfikq ie eqyuw}k e ie qfme}eo vueo e}f k wf` if a}`fhìf)( K i`}e`yk `hi`r`iufn ie n`me}ifie ik l}uwk ie wkn`a`f`q #l}uwk ieye}o`hfik) w}erfneae qkm}e k i`}e`yk `hi`r`iufn ie Lnñ}`f Y}er`( •
Af}yf ikq W}eqkq #af}yf ie w}eqk wkie} qe} fme}yf) Af}yf beacfif à `hr`knæren. hák qe wkie fw}eehie}. hák wkie qe} fme}yf( K w}eqk. eomk}f hák qejf a`ifiák uof rez vue ene hák rkyf. à `hi`rïiuk. e yeo i`}e`ykq akhqy`yua`khf`q fqqelu}fikq. qehik fqq`o qufq af}yfq beacfifq qák `hr`knære`q( Hk ehyfhyk. af}yf fme}yf à ikauoehyk akouo. hák à }eqluf}ifif akhqy`yua`khfnoehye( Kq w}eqkq eqyfrfo wnfhejfhik bfze} uof }emen`ák. qehik vue f akouh`afìák e}f be`yf wk} af}yfq( F `o`hehye }emen`ák aknkafrf eo }`qak f r`if ikq w}ñw}`kq w}eqkq. ikq flehyeq wúmn`akq vue y}fmfncfrfo hf weh`yeha`æ}`f. ifq weqqkfq vue ok}frfo fk }eik} if weh`yeha`æ}`f. wk}yfhyk. eqyfrf w}eqehye k i`}e`yk `hi`r`iufn akney`rk. qehik wkqqïren ieye}o`hf} vuf`q e}fo kq ieqy`hfyæ}`kq if foefìf fk i`}e`yk `hi`r`iufn akney`rk( Ako mfqe h`qqk. eo uo afqk }efn. uo ju`z ieye}o`hku f fme}yu}f ie ykifq fq af}yfq ikq w}eqkq er`yfhik f }emen`ák( K OW wkie}æ uqf} k I`}e`yk @hi`r`iufn Akney`rk( Akney`rk( •
Eqqf ofyà}`f iere qe} eqyuifif hf Eswkq`ìák ie oky`rkq ik Añi`lk ie W}kaeqqk Wehfn( K q`qyeof. eo le}fn. fikyf f N`me}ifie ikq oe`kq ie w}krf( Hk ehyfhyk. cfre}æ }eqvuïa`kq ik q`qyeof wehfn `hvu`q`yñ}`k #es: esfoe ie ak}wk ie ien`yk)( F akhb`qqák hák wkie quw}`o`} k esfoe ie ak}wk ie ien`yk( Vufnvue} y`wk ie w}krf à fio`y`ik hk I`}e`yk Wehfn. esaeyk qe reifif wk} ne`( Ykifq fq w}krfq qák }enfy`rfq. enfq iereo qe} akhb}khyfifq e hehcuof w}krf ye}æ of`k} rfnk} vue f kuy}f( Esfoe ie ak}wk ie ien`yk i`}eyk e `hi`}eyk ( K esfoe ie ak}wk ie ien`yk `hi`}eyk à k yeqyeouhcfn f}y`lk62
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Fqq`o. esfoe ie ak}wk ie ien`yk i`}eyk à k mkney`o ie fyehi`oehyk oài`ak hk ckqw`yfn( Yeof eo i`qauqqák hf ikuy}`hf : F weqqkf }eaeme uo qkak e rf` wf}f k ckqw`yfn( Hák rf` bfze} esfoe ie ak}wk ie ien`yk( I`fhye i`qyk. 17 i`fq iewk`q wf}f re}`b`af} qe f neqák e l}fre ku l}frïqq`of f weqqkf rf` ye} vue bfze} uo esfoe akowneoehyf}( F wf}y`} ie ehyák qu}le k w}kmneof ik esfoe i`}eyk e `hi`}eyk( K esfoe hák yeo uo rfnk} w}kmfhye of`k} vue fq kuy}fq w}krfq( K añi`lk i`qwõe: Qák eqwàa`eq ie w}krf: / esfoe ie ak}wk ie ien`yk e kuy}fq we}ïa`fq4 / k `hye}}klfyñ}`k4 `hye}}klfyñ}`k4 / f akhb`qqák4 / fq we}luhyfq fk kbehi`ik4 / f w}krf yeqyeouhcfn4 / f faf}efìák4 / ikq ikauoehykq4 ikauoehykq4 / if muqaf e fw}eehqák #oei`if afuyenf})( afuyenf})( 67( W]@HAÏW@K IF WUMN@A@IFIE : Hák cæ wumn`a`ifie ik rkyk e if qfnf ik Jú}` #q`l`nk ik rkyk e if qfnf)( K w}kmneof à vufhik cæ uhfh`o`ifie. hák cæ of`q q`l`nk ik rkyk( Ehyák b`aku iea`i`ik vue vufhik: / Bk}eo n`ikq 9 rkykq f bfrk} ik }àu. kq kuy}kq 1 hák qe}ák n`ikq4 #K q`l`nk ik rkyk à lf}fhy`f ik }àu) } àu) / Bk}eo n`ikq 9 rkykq akhy}f k }àu. ykikq qe}ák n`ikq(
W}kmneof: Yeo/qe = }àuq fauqfikq ik oeqok a}`oe. ak/fuyk}`f. hk Y}`muhfn ik Jú}`. ofq qák junlfikq qewf}fifoehye #k w}`ha`wfn oky`rk ie qewf}fìák qák fq }eauqfq. fq }eauqfq oky`rfifq hák yeo n`o`ye wf}f lf}fhy`} f `owf}a`fn`ifie. fq `oky`rfifq ku we}eowyñ}`fq wkieo fwehfq qe} 1. wf}f afif wf}ye) K }àu „F‟ bk` fmqknr`ik wk} helfy`rf ie fuyk}`f. k }àu „M‟. junlfik iewk`q. à fmqknr`ik wenkq ju}fikq wenk oeqok oky`rk #5 f =)( K O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak fwenf f}lþ`hik hun`ifie. wk`q re}`b`aku vue uo ikq ju}fikq w}eqehyeq hk junlfoehyk yfomào wf}y`a`wf}f ik w}`oe`}k junlfoehyk #eqyfrf `owei`ik) [ Vufn f w}`ha`wfn yeqe ie iebeqf;
12
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Eqye ju}fik qe}`f „hák ieye}o`hfhye‟. uof rez vue oeqok vue eqye y`reqqe rkyfik qe}`fo 9 f 1( Ckje qe bk` fmqknr`ik hák heaeqq`yf ieqqf yeqe( Qe. hk ehyfhyk. bk` akhq`ie}fik aunwfik qe bf}æ f hun`ifie(
1<
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
@HVUÀ]@YK WKN@A@FN E FÌÁK WEHFN
Funfq 75. 72. 7< e 73 ‑ I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn #Funfq =7+=2/7=. e 66+6=/71/=770) W}kbeqqk} ‑ Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf Okh`yk}f: Faæa`f N`of B`lue`}f @HVUÀ]@YK WKN@A@FN: WKN@A@FN:
/ Akhae`yk ie @hvuà}`yk Wkn`a`fn : À w}kaei`oehyk fio`h`qy}fy`rk. i`qwehqæren. w}eq`i`ik wenfq fuyk}`ifieq wkn`a`f`q #ienelfik eqyfiufn e ienelfik beie}fn). ie af}æye} `hbk}ofy`rk #weìf ie `hbk}ofìák). `hvu`q`y`rk #hák cæ fownf iebeqf. heo akhy}fi`yñ}`k). vue yeo wk} b`hfn`ifie aknce} w}krfq if `hb}fìák e `hiïa`kq qub`a`ehyeq ie fuyk}`f. r`fm`n`zfhik k ese}aïa`k if fìák wehfn #ieqy`hfyæ}`k à k y`yunf} if fìák wehfn)( / Ikq @hiïa`kq Fk ienelfik hák e wkqqïren n`o`yf} fhyea`wfifoehye vufn rf` qe} quf n`hcf ie `hreqy`lfìák( K ienelfik hák aknce w}krfq. ofq q`o `hiïa`kq( @hiïa`k à uof w}equhìák qeo ae}yezf( K f}y`lk 2·AWW. à uo }kn eseown`b`afy`rk wf}f k ienelfik4 eqye mfqe`f/qe hf quf i`qa}`a`khf}`eifie( Fnào i`qqk. f k}ieo ie fykq fw}eqehyfif hk f}y`lk hák w}ea`qf qe} qelu`if( F}y( 2º Nklk vue y`re} akhcea`oehyk if w}æy`af if `hb}fìák wehfn. f fuyk}`ifie wkn`a`fn iere}æ: @ ‑ i`}`l`}/qe fk nkafn. w}kr`ieha`fhik wf}f vue hák qe fnye}eo k eqyfik e akhqe}rfìák ifq ak`qfq. fyà f acelfif ikq we}`ykq a}`o`hf`q4 @@ ‑ fw}eehie} kq kmjeykq vue y`re}eo }enfìák ako k bfyk. fwñq n`me}fikq wenkq we}`ykq a}`o`hf`q4 @@@ ‑ aknce} ykifq fq w}krfq vue qe}r`}eo wf}f k eqanf}ea`oehyk ik bfyk e qufq a`}auhqyíha`fq4 @R ‑ kur`} k kbehi`ik4 R ‑ kur`} k `hi`a`fik. ako kmqe}ríha`f. hk vue bk} fwn`aæren. ik i`qwkqyk hk Afwïyunk @@@ ik Yïyunk R@@. ieqye N`r}k. ierehik k }eqweay`rk ye}ok qe} fqq`hfik wk} iufq yeqyeouhcfq vue nce yehcfo kur`ik f ne`yu}f4 a F}yq( 635 f 602 ieqye Añi`lk( R@ ‑ w}kaeie} f }eakhcea`oehyk ie weqqkfq e ak`qfq e f faf}efìõeq4 R@@ ‑ ieye}o`hf}. qe bk} afqk. vue qe w}kaeif f esfoe ie ak}wk ie ien`yk e f vuf`qvue} kuy}fq we}ïa`fq4 R@@@ ‑ k}iehf} f `iehy`b`afìák ik `hi`a`fik wenk w}kaeqqk ify`nkqañw`ak. qe wkqqïren. e bfze} juhyf} fkq fuykq quf bkncf ie fhyeaeiehyeq4
13
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
@S ‑ fre}`luf} f r`if w}el}eqqf ik `hi`a`fik. qkm k wkhyk ie r`qyf `hi`r`iufn. bfo`n`f} e qka`fn. quf akhi`ìák eakhùo`af. quf fy`yuie e eqyfik ie íh`ok fhyeq e iewk`q ik a}`oe e iu}fhye ene. e vuf`qvue} kuy}kq eneoehykq vue akhy}`muï}eo wf}f f fw}ea`fìák ik qeu yeowe}foehyk e af}æye}(
K `hvuà}`yk hák à „bk}ofn‟ akok w}kaei`oehyk. qehik quf bk}of w}à/ieb`h`if wenf ne`( Wkie k ienelfik fnye}f} f k}ieo e f bk}of ie aknce`yf ikq `hiïa`kq( K `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn à bk}ofn #eqa}`yk) ç oei`if vue k ienelfik iere qelu`} fq bk}ofn`ifieq nelf`q. nelf`q. es: k `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn wkn`a`fn à eqa}`yk. k ienelfik iere }um}`af} ykifq fq qufq bkncfq( @qqk hák q`lh`b`af }`yk w}kaei`oehyfn }ïl`ik( }ïl`ik( Hák cæ hun`ifieq hf bfqe ie `hvuà}`yk. wk`q hák qe fwn`af f Yek}`f ifq Hun`ifieq hk @hvuà}`yk Wkn`a`fn(
/ Esaeìõeq ç i`qa}`a`khf}`eifie ik Ienelfik ie Wknïa`f : 6 / I`fhye ik Esfoe ie Ak}wk ie Ien`yk #a}`oeq vue ie`sfo reqyïl`kq) = / Vufhik nfr}f} Fuyk ie W}`qák eo Bnfl}fhye # `owkq`ìák nelfn+aklh`ìák ake}a`y`rf). Hák CÆ FUYK IE W]@QÁK EO BNFL]FHYE QEO @HVUÀ]@YK WKN@A@FN. qe nfr}f} yeo vue `hqyfu}f} `hvuà}`yk& `hvuà}`yk& / If Aklh`ìák: Es`qyeo y}êq y`wkq ie aklh`ìák: 6/ Aklh`ìák @oei`fyf4 =/ Aklh`ìák Oei`fyf4 1/ Aklh`ìák Ake}a`y`rf( Vufhik kak}}e f nfr}fyu}f ie fuyk ie w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye. f Aklh`ìák à Ake}a`y`rf( Wk`q. heaeqqf}`foehye iere qe} `hqyfu}fik k `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn( Qeluhik f Ne` 0700+05: Qe bk} a}`oe ie oehk} wkyeha`fn kbehq`rk: kbehq`rk: K „ye}ok a`}auhqyfha`fik‟ qumqy`yu`u k `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn. ofq luf}if ykifq fq qufq af}faye}ïqy`afq( Es: à eqa}`yk. à `hi`qwkhïren #yeo vue qe} nerfik fk Ju`zfik eqwea`fn)( K „ye}ok ie akow}ko`qqk ‟ qumqy`yu` k fuyk ie w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye( Qe k ye}ok ie akow}ko`qqk hák bk} fqq`hfik #ku qe ckure} }eauqf } eauqf ik `hi`rïiuk eo fqq`hf} k ye}ok ie akow}ko`qqk ku qe k `hi`rïiuk hák y`re} akhi`ìõeq ie fqq`hæ/nk. wf}f eseownk. wk} eqyf} i}klfik. wk} qe} uo nkuak. wk} qe} uo w}eqk vue auow}e wehf eo weh`yeha`æ}`f. eya(). qe}æ nfr}fik k fuyk ie w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye e qe}æ `hqyfu}fik `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn( N`r}k: Q`qyeof ie @hreqy`lfìák w}en`o`hf} hk w}kaeqqk wehfn Fuyk}: Fu}` Nkweq Júh`k} K n`r}k aknkaf k OW akok ieqy`hfyæ}`k ik @hvuà}`yk. e hák ye}`f heaeqq`ifie ie ieqy`hfyæ}`k oei`fyk( Eqye n`r}k f`hif aknkaf eo acevue f rfn`ifie ik `hvuà}`yk akok w}krf. iebehie vue eqye iere}`f qe} }ey`}fik we}ofheaehik fwehfq fq w}krfq `}}eweyïre`q(
10
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Vueqyák if w}krf if FLU [ Uo firklfik `owey}ku cfmefq ak}wuq ako b`hfn`ifie ie y}fhaf} f fìák wehfn. wk`q f iehuha`f bk` kbe}ea`if ako mfqe eo uo `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn hk vufn k firklfik ik `hi`a`fik }evue}eu f }efn`zfìák ie uof i`n`lêha`f vue bk` `hiebe}`if wenk ienelfik( F k}ieo ie cfmefq ak}wuq iere qe} iehelfif wk}vue hk cfmefq ak}wuq hák cæ fownf iebeqf heo akhy}fi`yñ}`k; ]: bfnqf( K oky`rk ie k ienelfik `hiebe}`} i`n`lêha`f bk` f i`qa}`a`khf}`eifie vue eqye wkqqu` e hák k bfyk ik `hvuà}`yk hák wkqqu`} akhy}fi`yñ}`k e fownf iebeqf( F bfnyf ie akhy}fi`yñ}`k e fownf iebeqf hf bfqe ie `hvuà}`yk wkqqu` uof }fzák ie qe}( K `hb}fyk} vue akoeyeu k a}`oe eqyæ eo rfhyfleo. wk`q w}fy`aku k a}`oe qehik hfyu}fn vue eqye kaunyfqqe w}krfq( Fqq`o wf}f cfre} uo evu`nïm}`k ie bk}ìfq à heaeqqæ}`k k q`qyeof `hvu`q`yñ}`k hk `hvuà}`yk( *F úh`af fìák wehfn vue es`qye `hiewehiehye ie weìf ie fauqfìák à f `hjú}`f( / Ifq Eyfwfq if W}`qák eo Bnfl}fhye : Qák fq qelu`hyeq: 6) Afwyu}f =) Bk}ofn`zfìák #nfr}fyu}f ik fuyk) 1) Jui`a`fn`zfìák #akhcea`oehyk ik ju`z)
VUEQYÁK: [ Vufn k úh`ak fyk ie hfyu}ezf ju}`qi`a`khfn w}fy`afik wenk ienelfik; À f Nfr}fyu}f ik fuyk ie w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye( Heqye okoehyk. k akhreha`oehyk ik ienelfik „`owe}f‟( F wkq`ìák ik ienelfik bfz juq qe k `hi`rïiuk rf` we}ofheae} w}eqk ku qe} meheb`a`fik wenf n`me}ifie w}kr`qñ}`f( / If fnye}fìák f}y`lkq 179 e 172: / F}y`lk 172: Hák es`qye eqqf c`qyñ}`f ie w}fzk =9 ck}fq( Eqqe à wf}f fw}eqehyfìák wf}f k w}eqk if Hkyf ie Aunwf( Eo }enfìák f w}`qák k ju`z iere qe} akouh`afik `oei`fyfoehye( Fq =9 ck}fq if hkyf ie aunwf qák akhyfifq ik okoehyk eo vue k w}eqk e afwyu}fik( / ¬6· : Qe eo =9 ck}fq k `hi`rïiuk hák fw}eqehyf} firklfik. f Iebehqk}`f Wúmn`af iere qe} hky`b`afif eo =9 ck}fq qkm wehf ie `nelfn`ifie if w}`qák( / F}y`lk 179: Fhy`lfoehye f nfr}fyu}f e}f akhako`yfhye çq k`y`rfq ifq yeqyeouhcfq( F ouifhìf bez ako vue k ju`z yehcf f km}`lfìák ie kur`} ykikq. e qkoehye fwñq f k`y`rf nfr}f} k fuyk( Fqq`o. à wkqqïren uo `hi`rïiuk qe} afwyu}fik e hák qe} fuyufik. vufhik k ienelfik re}`b`af} vue hák e afqk ie w}`qák eo b}fl}fhye( 97
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Fwñq f nfr}fyu}f ik fuyk qñ k ju`z wkie }enfsf} f w}`qák( K f}y`lk 179 bk` uof qknuìák wf}f k bnfl}fhye bk}jfik( **F ne` ie i}klfq i`qwõe vue k uquæ}`k hák wkie qe} w}eqk eo b}fl}fhye( F w}`qák wkqqu` 1 bfqeq akok }enfyfik fhye}`k}oehye4 f l}fhie i`qauqqák à: [ À ku hák wkqqïren afwyu}f} e nerf} k `hi`rïiuk wf}f ienelfa`f; F afwyu}f à uof ifq bfqeq if w}`qák4 ofq qe k uquæ}`k qe }eauqf} f `} f ienelfa`f wf}f fqq`hf} YAK. f ne` fb`}of vue ene hák wkie qe} w}eqk( F wkq`ìák ofjk}`yæ}`f if ikuy}`hf fb`}of vue hák e reifif f w}`qák afwyu}f( 1/ Vufhik es`qye }evu`q`ìák ik OW #k ienelfik ie wknïa`f ye}æ heaeqqf}`foehye vue fyehie çq }evu`q`ìõeq ik OW)( K OW à k ieqy`hfyæ}`k ik @hvuà}`yk Wkn`a`fn #e hák k ju`z). wk} `qqk. vufhik k f}y( 67 ik AWW i`z vue k `hvuà}`yk qe}æ }eoey`ik wf}f k „ju`z‟. iere qe} n`ik „juïzk‟. wk`q qe y}fyf ie fyufìák fio`h`qy}fy`rf ik ju`z ‑ a}`yà}`k ie i`qy}`mu`ìák. wf}f qfme} vufn oeom}k ik OW rf` fyuf} hk afqk. uof rez vue à k OW vueo `}æ }evue}e} k vue ehyehie} afmïren( / Akhy}kne Esye}hk: #f}y( 6=< A]+33) À i`be}ehye ie @hreqy`lfìák I`}eyf( Cæ vueo quqyehye vue k OW wkie}`f ese}ae} k Akhy}kne Esye}hk. w}er`qyk akhqy`yua`khfnoehye. akhb}khyfhik }el`qy}kq ie kak}}êha`f. wf}f qfme} qe f Wknïa`f A`r`n fw}ea`f ykikq kq afqkq }el`qy}fikq wenf Wknïa`f O`n`yf}( / @hreqy`lf @ hreqy`lfìák ìák I`}eyf : K `hvuà}`yk qe}`f }efn`zfik wenk OW e hák wenf wknïa`f( Eqqf `hreqy`lfìák kak}}e}`f ier`ik fk ehrknr`oehyk if wknïa`f hkq a}`oeq `hreqy`lfikq( Hf @hreqy`lfìák I`}eyf. k OW y}fmfncf i`}eyfoehye ako k ienelfik ie wknïa`f wf}f fl`n`zf} kq afqkq #W}kokyk} ie @hreqy`lfìák)( Hk ehyfhyk. k oeom}k ik OW vue fakowfhcku f `hreqy`lfìák hák à k oeqok vue fakowfhcf}æ k w}kaeqqk( Ofq. f wknïa`f hák à qumk}i`hfif fk OW. fweqf} ik ienelfik hák ye} i`qa}`a`khf}`eifie( Ku qejf. k ienelfik ie wknïa`f yeo heaeqqf}`foehye vue auow}`} fq }evu`q`ìõeq ik OW. qkm wehf ie a}`oe ie w}erf}`afìák. oeqok hák cfrehik qumk}i`hfìák( * F Wkqq`m`n`ifie ik OW }efn`zf} @hreqy`lfìák I`}eyf y}fyf/qe ie uof i`qauqqák `hqy`yua`khfn( K OW wkie kbe}eae} iehúha`f qe kmy`re} w}krfq if `hb}fìák e `hiïa`kq if fuyk}`f `hiewehiehyeoehye ie `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn( [ Qe k OW `hiewehie ik `hvuà}`yk. wkiehik `hanuq`re kur`} yeqyeouhcfq. wkie}`f ene w}ñw}`k `hreqy`lf} i`}eyfoehye; F}luoehykq akhy}æ}`kq e f bfrk} ik OW }efn`zf} `hreqy`lfìák: F/ F}luoehyk akhy}æ}`k: #F}y( 699 if A]+33) 96
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
F fy`r`ifie ie `hreqy`lfìák. wk}yfhyk. fy`r`ifie ie wknïa`f jui`a`æ}`f à w}`rfy`rf if wknïa`f a`r`n e if wknïa`f beie}fn( M/ F}luoehyk f bfrk}: #wkq`ìák f qe} iebehi`if eo uof w}krf ie OW / F}y(699 if A]+33): Vufhik eqqe f}y`lk i`z vue f fy`r`ifie ie `hreqy`lfìák à w}`rfy`rf if wknïa`f. vue} i`ze} vue à uof fy`r`ifie w}`rfy`rf iehy}e fq `hqy`yu`ìõeq wkn`a`f`q( Ku qejf. iehy}k if wknïa`f `hreqy`lfìák afme w}`rfy`rfoehye ç wknïa`f a`r`n e beie}fn #o`n`yf}. bnk}eqyfn. be}}kr`æ}`f hák wkieo }efn`zf} eqqf fy`r`ifie)( Ehyák. k f}luoehyk f bfrk} i`z vue eqqf w}`rfy`r`ifie à b}ehye çq kuy}fq `hqy`yu`ìõeq wkn`a`f`q e hák b}ehye fk OW( Fyà wk}vue es`qyeo `húoe}kq afqkq nelfnoehye w}er`qykq ie `hreqy`lfìák }efn`zfif bk}f ik íom`yk wkn`a`fn( Ieqqf bk}of. es`qyeo c`wñyeqeq eo vue k OW wkie }efn`zf} @hreqy`lfìák I`}eyf e. wk}yfhyk. ene wkie}`f }efn`zf} `hreqy`lfìák i`}eyf eo `hqy`yu`ìõeq wkn`a`f`q. ku qejf. `hreqy`lf} afqkq vue eqy`re} akow}koey`if wk} wf}ye if wknïa`f. ier`ik ç ak}}uwìák( Ehyák. k OW hák ykof}`f wf}f q` f `hreqy`lfìák ie ykikq kq afqkq. ofq qkoehye fvueneq eo vue f `hreqy`lfìák `hreqy`lfìák eqyæ akow}koey`if( A}ïy`afq: K l}fhie w}kmneof à vue k OW à k „auqykq nel`q‟ e cfre}`f ieqevu`nïm}`kq ie bk}ìfq( K OW eqyf}`f eo q`yufìák ie rfhyfleo eo }enfìák fk }àu. wk`q k OW à vueo }efn`zf}æ fq `hreqy`lfìõeq e iewk`q ene w}ñw}`k kbe}eae}æ f iehúha`f e fyuf}f}æ akok „auqykq nel`q‟( Fqq`o. hák cfre}`f `oweqqkfn`ifie hfvuene vue w}eq`ie fq `hreqy`lfìõeq( K ienelfik ie wknïa`f à `oweqqkfn( Ene hák aknce w}krfq wf}f fauqf} fnluào. ene aknce w}krfq wf}f enua`if} k afqk. ku oenck}. `hiïa`kq wf}f enua`if} k bfyk( Jæ k OW aknce}`f w}krfq wf}f f fauqfìák( Wk} eqqe oky`rk iere}`f qe} ofhy`if f vufn`ifie ie „auqykq nel`q‟ ik OW( Eo le}fn. k OW uy`n`zf f wknïa`f o`n`yf} wf}f w}kaeie} çq `hreqy`lfìõeq #hf `hreqy`lfìák i`}eyf) e `qqk y}fz }erknyf ç wknïa`f a`r`n( Wk} `qqk bk` i`yk hk `hïa`k vue f i`qauqqák à `hqy`yua`khfn( F @hreqy`lfìák I`}eyf hák q`lh`b`af wk} b`o hf wknïa`f a`r`n( F @hreqy`lfìák I`}eyf kak}}e}`f eo q`yufìõeq eo vue f wknïa`f a`r`n hák eqyf}`f fwyf f ese}ae} f fy`r`ifie jui`a`æ}`f eo buhìák ik qeu w}ñw}`k akow}koey`oehyk( Wk} b`o ç wknïa`f a`r`n qe}`f }ey`}æ/nf ik Wkie} Eseauy`rk e r`haunæ/nf i`}eyfoehye fk OW. akok jæ kak}}e hkq EUF( K Akhy}kne Esye}hk if fy`r`ifie wkn`a`fn eqyæ w}er`qyk hf Akhqy`yu`ìák. ofq hák cæ }elunfoehyfìák wk} ne` #hák à @hreqy`lfìák I`}eyf)( K OW hák w}eq`i`}`f k `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn. k OW ese}ae}`f k akhy}kne esye}hk if fy`r`ifie wkn`a`fn( Ehvufhyk hák cæ ne` }elunfoehyfhik f ofyà}`f. k akhy}kne esye}hk à }efn`zfik wenk OW fk }eaeme} k `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn wf}f re}`b`af} qe jæ cæ w}krfq qub`a`ehyeq wf}f f iehúha`f ku vufhik k OW ehyehie} vue iere qe} ifif akhy`hu`ifie çq `hreqy`lfìõeq. ku vufhik k OW }evue}e} k f}vu`rfoehyk ik `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn(
9=
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Hf @hreqy`lfìák I`}eyf. k OW w}eq`i`}`f fq `hreqy`lfìõeq( Hk Akhy}kne Esye}hk. k ienelfik ie wknïa`f w}eq`ie fq `hreqy`lfìõeq( F fuyk}`ifie wkn`a`fn #ienelfik ie wknïa`f a`r`n ku ienelfik ie wknïa`f beie}fn) à uo flehye fio`h`qy}fy`rk ik Eqyfik. wk`q qe }ebe}e ç fy`r`ifie ie wknïa`f jui`a`æ}`f( @hvuà}`yk à uo w}kaei`oehyk ie hfyu}ezf fio`h`qy}fy`rf #wk`q uo flehye fio`h`qy}fy`rk à vueo w}fy`af fykq fio`h`qy}fy`rkq wf}f w}kaeie} çq `hreqy`lfìõeq). hk vufn kq fykq ik ienelfik qák i`qa}`a`khæ}`kq #ie fak}ik ako uy`n`ifie. heaeqq`ifie. wkqq`m`n`ifie)( Hk ehyfhyk. k `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn hák yeo w}kaei`oehyk ieb`h`ik( F fuyk}`ifie jui`a`æ}`f ieye}o`hf f }efn`zfìák ie fykq akhbk}oe k ieak}}e} ifq `hreqy`lfìõeq. ako i`qa}`a`khf}`eifie( K vue k ienelfik w}kau}f hák qák w}krfq. ofq q`o `hiïa`kq( Iu}fhye k `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn qák muqafikq `hiïa`kq #fykq ie `hreqy`lfìák) e hák w}krfq #ae}yezfq ‑ fykq ie w}krf)( Qkoehye kq fykq ie w}krfq we}o`yeo fk ju`z w}kbe}`} iea`qák ie ae}yezf( Fykq ie w}krf qák }efn`zfikq hk w}kaeqqk(
FYEHÌÁK& O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak yeo wkie} ie `hreqy`lfìák. i`z Qeluhif Yu}of F Qeluhif Yu}of ik QYB. eo junlfoehyk heqyf ye}ìf/be`}f. }eakhceaeu wk} uhfh`o`ifie vue es`qye f w}er`qák akhqy`yua`khfn ie vue k O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak #OW) yeo wkie} `hreqy`lfyñ}`k( F Yu}of fhfn`qfrf k Cfmefq Ak}wuq #CA) 06226. }ebe}ehye f uof fìák wehfn `hqyfu}fif f wei`ik ik OW. hf vufn kq }àuq qák wkn`a`f`q fauqfikq ie `owuyf} f kuy}f weqqkf uof akhy}frehìák ku a}`oe oeqok qfmehik vue f fauqfìák e}f e} f bfnqf(Qeluhik f }enfyk}f ik CA. o`h`qy}f Enneh L}fa`e. à we}be`yfoehye wkqqïren vue k ñ}lák ik OW w}kokrf f akneyf ie ieye}o`hfikq eneoehykq ie w}krf vue ieokhqy}eo f es`qyêha`f if fuyk}`f e ofye}`fn`ifie ie ieye}o`hfik ien`yk( „Eqqf akhanuqák hák q`lh`b`af }ey`}f} if wknïa`f jui`a`æ}`f fq fy}`mu`ìõeq w}er`qyfq akhqy`yua`khfnoehye‟. wkie}ku Enneh L}fa`e(Enf ieqyfaku vue f vueqyák ie buhik ik CA i`z`f }eqwe`yk ç wkqq`m`n`ifie ie k OW w}kokre} w}kaei`oehyk fio`h`qy}fy`rk ie auhck `hreqy`lfyñ}`k e iewk`q qe} f wf}ye vue w}kwõe f fìák wehfn( „Hák cæ ñm`ae Teowea`nck_ f vue k O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak }evu`q`ye eqanf}ea`oehykq ku i`n`leha`e i`}eyfoehye ç kmyehìák if w}krf ie okik f bk}of} qeu akhreha`oehyk f }eqwe`yk ie ieye}o`hfik bfyk. fwe}be`ìkfhik f we}qeauìák wehfn‟. eswn`aku f o`h`qy}f( F }enfyk}f }eakhceaeu f wkqq`m`n`ifie ie cfre} nel`y`o`ifie hf w}kokìák ie fykq ie `hreqy`lfìák wk} wf}ye ik OW( „Hk w}eqehye afqk. kq ien`ykq ieqa}`ykq hf iehúha`f ye}`fo q`ik w}fy`afikq wk} wkn`a`f`q. k vue yfomào juqy`b`af f aknce`yf ikq iewk`oehykq ifq rïy`ofq wenk OW‟. fa}eqaehyku(Hf oeqof n`hcf. Enneh L}fa`e fbfqyku f fnelfìák ikq firklfikq vue `owey}f}fo k CA ie vue k oeom}k ik OW vue yehcf ykofik akhcea`oehyk ie bfykq eo yeqe ien`yukqkq. f`hif vue wk} oe`k ie k`y`rf ie yeqyeouhcfq. hák wkie}`f qe} k oeqok f kbe}eae} f iehúha`f eo }enfìák f eqqeq bfykq( „Hák cæ ñm`ae nelfn‟. akhanu`u(K CA bk` iehelfik wk} eqqfq }fzõeq e wk}vue kuy}f fnelfìák ‑ f ie vue kq }àuq fwehfq auow}`fo k}ieo ik quwe}`k} c`e}æ}vu`ak ‑ uny}fwfqqf}`f kq eqy}e`ykq n`o`yeq ik cfmefq ak}wuq( @qqk wk}vue ehrknre heaeqqf}`foehye k }eesfoe ik akhjuhyk bæy`ak w}kmfyñ}`k e k y}`muhfn yeo k}`ehyfìák wfaïb`af hk qehy`ik if `hakowfy`m`n`ifie ik CA vufhik ckure} heaeqq`ifie ie fwu}f} }eesfoe ie bfykq e w}krfq(
91
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Qe k `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn à w}kaei`oehyk fio`h`qy}fy`rk. kq fykq hene w}fy`afikq qák fio`h`qy}fy`rkq( Eqqeq fykq qák ikyfikq ie i`qa}`a`khf}`eifie( K @hvuà}`yk Wkn`a`fn hák yeo akhy}fi`yñ}`k. heo fownf iebeqf( K firklfik wkie wey`a`khf} hf bfqe ik `hvuà}`yk4 e k ienelfik wkie fuyk}`zf} ku hák k wei`ik ie ieye}o`hfif i`n`lêha`f. i`fhye ik qeu wkie} i`qa}`a`khæ}`k( K ienelfik ie wknïa`f wkie ehyák `hiebe}`} wei`ikq ie i`n`lêha`f. wk`q wkqqu` i`qa}`a`khf}`eifie( Ofq. akok r`qyk fhye}`k}oehye. es`qyeo c`wñyeqeq ie esaeìák f eqqf i`qa}`a`khf}`eifie( Ieqqe `hiebe}`oehyk afme }eau}qk fio`h`qy}fy`rk( K `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn à i`qwehqæren. eomk}f hf of`k}`f ifq rezeq ene qejf heaeqqæ}`k( F w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye à oei`if afuyenf}. yeo akhy}fi`yñ}`k e fownf iebeqf. ofq y}fo`yf hkq oeqokq fuykq ik `hvuà}`yk #hák cæ húoe}k ie w}kaeqqk fuyùhkok)( F w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye `hqyfu}f k `hvuà}`yk. ofq enf hák we}yehae fk `hvuà}`yk. enf à uo w}kaeqqk afuyenf}. vue à jui`a`fn. ofq f jui`a`fn`ifie if w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye à wkqye}lfif. enf kak}}e w}`oe`}foehye wf}f iewk`q k ju`z ykof} akhcea`oehyk ienf( K }enfsfoehyk ie w}`qák hák kak}}e hk `hvuà}`yk. ofq q`o hk w}kaeqqk afuyenf}. vue ak}}eo hkq oeqokq fuykq( F iebeqf yeo vue ykof} akhcea`oehyk ik w}kaeqqk afuyenf} #w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye). wf}f ebey`rf} f fownf iebeqf e k akhy}fi`yñ}`k. akhy}fi`yñ}`k. ehy}eyfhyk. `qqk hák kak}}e hk `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn. eqye akhy`huf `hvu`q`y`rk( Vufhik k ju`z ykof akhcea`oehyk if w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye. hák q`lh`b`af vue ene eqyæ re}`b`afhik k `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn. ofq yák qkoehye f w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye( K ieqy`hfyæ}`k ik `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn à k OW. ofq ene qe}æ }eoey`ik fk juïzk. wf}f vue wkqqf qe} `iehy`b`afik vufn oeom}k ik OW fyuf}æ hfvuene `hvuà}`yk( K OW à k ieqy`hfyæ}`k ik `hvuà}`yk e hák k ju`z #k Wkie} Jui`a`æ}`k à `he}ye)( Ehyák. k `hvuà}`yk qe}æ }eoey`ik fk OW wf}f vue eo a`hak i`fq: / kbe}eìf iehúha`f4 / ierknrf ç ienelfa`f ie wknïa`f4 / }evue`}f } evue`}f f}vu`rfoehyk( f}vu`rfoehyk( Ieqqf bk}of. fweqf} ik Añi`lk ie W}kaeqqk Wehfn. f}y( 67. ieye}o`hf} vue k `hvuà}`yk qejf }eoey`ik fk ju`z #ne`f/qe juïzk) `qqk hák q`lh`b`af vue k ju`z à k ieqy`hfyæ}`k ik `hvuà}`yk. ofq q`o k OW( K OW e k kbehi`ik qák kq ieqy`hfyæ}`kq w}`oæ}`kq ku `oei`fykq ik `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn( K ju`z à uo ieqy`hfyæ}`k wkqye}lfik. oei`fyk. }eyf}ifyæ}`k. ik `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn #re} f}y( =3 ik AWW)( F}y( =10( Akhq`ie}f/qe `hiïa`k f a`}auhqyíha`f akhcea`if e w}krfif. vue. yehik }enfìák ako k bfyk. fuyk}`ze. wk} `hiuìák. akhanu`}/qe f es`qyêha`f ie kuy}f ku kuy}fq a`}auhqyíha`fq( #hák qe wkie akhiehf} ako mfqe eo `hiïa`kq e w}equhìõeq) @hiuìák? ne`f/qe ieiuìák( 99
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
@hiïa`k à i`be}ehye ie W}krf Fykq ie w}krf ? iu}fhye k w}kaeqqk Fykq ie `hreqy`lfìák ? iu}fhye k `hvuà}`yk *Kq fykq ie `hvuà}`yk wkieo qe} r`a`fikq. ofq huhaf hunkq(
@hye}i`ìák Wkn`a`fn #Ne` 0715+05. f}y(=º. @@: a+a 176 e 17= AWW. e 2º. AWW) À k hkoe fyufìák if wknïa`f vufhik qfme if w}æy`af if `hb}fìák wehfn( Qák kq fykq if wknïa`f. w}ehie} vufhik eo bnfl}fhye(((eya(
Akhbk}oe k F}y( 9º AWW: „F wknïa`f jui`a`æ}`f qe}æ ese}a`if wenfq fuyk}`ifieq wkn`a`f`q hk ye}}`yñ}`k ie qufq }eqweay`rfq a`}auhqa}`ìõeq e ye}æ wk} b`o f fwu}fìák ifq `hb}fìõeq wehf`q e if quf fuyk}`f‟( F wknïa`f jui`a`æ}`f à uof fy`r`ifie. #wk`q qe}æ ese}a`if wenfq fuyk}`ifieq wkn`a`f`q). e hák uof `hqy`yu`ìák( Fq `hqy`yu`ìõeq wkn`a`f`q wkqqueo ik`q y`wkq ie fy`r`ifieq i`qy`hyfq: / Wkn`a`foehyk W}erehy`rk ku Kqyehq`rk : Ã f wknïa`f ie qelu}fhìf wúmn`af. vue à ese}a`if wenf wknïa`f o`n`yf}. }kikr`æ}`f. be}}kr`æ}`f. bnk}eqyfn4 / Wkn`a`foehyk Wkn`a`foehyk ]ew}eqq`rk : À f wknïa`f wñq/a}`oe. wknïa`f ie `hreqy`lfìák( Eqqf à f wknïa`f jui`a`æ}`f. vue à ese}a`if wenf wknïa`f a`r`n/ e wenf wknïa`f beie}fn/ Uh`ák 670 AB( #ienelfi # ienelfikq) kq) @hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn o`n`yf} wf}f fwu}f} a}`oe o`n`yf} à uof esaeìák hf vufn f wknïa`f o`n`yf} eqyf}æ ese}aehik f wknïa`f jui`a`æ}`f wf}f fvueneq afqkq eqweaïb`akq( Yeah`afoehye. ie fak}ik ako k f}y( 699 if A]+33. f wknïa`f jui`a`æ}`f à uof fy`r`ifie w}`rfy`rf if wknïa`f a`r`n e if wknïa`f beie}fn(
/ Af}faye}ïqy`afq ik @hvuà}`yk Wkn`a`fn : 6( @hvu`q`y`rk: Iu}fhye k qeu y}ío`ye hák r`lk}f k „ W}`haïw`k ik Akhy}fi`yñ}`k ‟ ku k „W}`haïw`k if Fownf Iebeqf‟. vue qñ es`qye fwñq k `hïa`k ebey`rk if Fìák Wehfn. vufhik jæ bk}ofn`zfif uof fauqfìák akhy}f k fuyk} if `hb}fìák( VUEQYÁK: Uo firklfik `owey}ku uo Cfmefq Ak}wuq ako f b`hfn`ifie ie y}fhaf} f Fìák Wehfn wk}vue f iehúha`f bk` }eaem`if ako mfqe eo uo @hvuà}`yk Wkn`a`fn hk vufn k firklfik ik `hi`a`fik }evue}eu f }efn`zfìák ie uof ieye}o`hfif i`n`lêha`f vue bk` `hiebe}`if wenk ienelfik(
95
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
F k}ieo iere qe} iehelfif wk}vue hk `hvuà}`yk hák cæ fownf iebeqf e heo akhy}fi`yñ}`k( #BFNQF) =( Hák/ Km}`lfyñ}`k ku I`qwehqæren: Yk}hf/qe ieqheaeqqæ}`f f `hqyfu}fìák vufhik k y`yunf} if Fìák Wehfn. jæ wkqqu` eo oákq. weìfq vue we}o`yeo quf w}kwkq`yu}f ie `oei`fyk. ku qejf. jæ wkqqu` WEA $ @QF #W}krf if Es`qyêha`f ik A}`oe e @hiïa`kq Qub`a`ehyeq ie Fuyk}`f). ku qejf. JUQYF AFUQF( 1( Q`qyeoæy`ak: F k}ieo ie fakhyea`oehyk ikq bfykq à akhq`ie}fif wf}f f aknce`yf ie w}krfq( Afif i`n`lêha`f qe}æ }efn`zfif eo buhìák ifq fhye}`k}eq a}khknkl`afoehye( Re}`b`af f qevþêha`f ie fykq w}fy`afikq wenk ienelfik mfqefik hf i`qa}`a`khf}`eifie iehy}k if q`qyeofy`zfìák if aknce`yf ikq bfykq( Qe k ienelfik fk `hreqy`lf} uo a}`oe ieqakm}e kuy}k wkie}æ mf`sf} uof wk}yf}`f wf}f wkie} `hreqy`lf} eqye hkrk a}`oe4 ieqie vue qejf akhesk( Qe hák bk}eo akheskq iere `h`a`f} uo hkrk `hvuà}`yk( 9( Uh`i`}ea`khfn: K kmjeyk ik `hvuà}`yk à k bfyk ieye}o`hfik( K ienelfik ie wknïa`f hák wkie `hreqy`lf} eo uo `hvuà}`yk ræ}`kq bfykq. ene qñ wkie `hreqy`lf} uo bfyk #bfyk eqye vue wkie}æ qe} akhqyfyfik a}`oe. ku bfyk fyïw`ak. eya() Cfrehik of`q ie uo bfyk. iere}æ qe} `hqyfu}fik of`q ie uo `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn( 5( Eqa}`yk: #ku bk}ofn. wk`q hák à k}fn) F}y( 0º Ykifq fq weìfq ik `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn qe}ák. huo qñ w}kaeqqfik. }eiuz`ifq f eqa}`yk ku ify`nkl}fbfifq e. heqye afqk. }um}`afifq wenf fuyk}`ifie( 2( @hi`qwkhïren: F}y( 6<( F fuyk}`ifie wkn`a`fn hák wkie}æ ofhif} f}vu`rf} fuykq ie `hvuà}`yk( <( Q`l`nkqk: Hkq ye}okq ik: F}y( =7( F fuyk}`ifie fqqelu}f}æ hk `hvuà}`yk k q`l`nk heaeqqæ}`k ç enua`ifìák ik bfyk ku es`l`ik wenk `hye}eqqe if qka`eifie( Wf}æl}fbk úh`ak( Hkq fyeqyfikq ie fhyeaeiehyeq vue nce bk}eo qkn`a`yfikq. f fuyk}`ifie wkn`a`fn hák wkie}æ oeha`khf} vuf`qvue} fhkyfìõeq }ebe}ehyeq f `hqyfu}fìák ie `hvuà}`yk akhy}f kq }evue}ehyeq. } evue}ehyeq. qfnrk hk afqk ie es`qy`} akhiehfìák fhye}`k}(
92
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
R`qf er`yf} vue f wumn`a`ifie eo }enfìák çq w}krfq jæ aknc`ifq e fvuenfq vue f fuyk}`ifie w}eyehie kmye} w}ejui`vue f fwu}fìák ik `nïa`yk( #Hák `oweie vue k firklfik ykoe akhcea`oehyk ikq bfykq)(
/ @hqyfu}fìák ik @hvuà}`yk Wkn`a`fn. f}y( 5º. AWW / Ie Kbïa`k: Q`lh`b`af vue k @hvuà}`yk Wkn`a`fn à `h`a`fik wk} „fyk rknuhyæ}`k‟ if fuyk}`ifie wkn`a`fn. qeo vue yehcf cfr`ik wei`ik esw}eqqk ie vufnvue} weqqkf heqqe qehy`ik. à k „ W}`haïw`k if Kb`a`kq`ifie‟( Wk}yf}`f #*)4 Vufhik k ienelfik ie wknïa`f b`af qfmehik if w}æy`af ie uo ien`yk. iere mf`sf} f acfofif „wk}yf}`f‟. vue à weìf `hfulu}fn ik w}kaei`oehyk `hvu`q`yk}`fn( Heqyf f fuyk}`ifie ieanf}f `hqyfu}fik k @hvuà}`yk e ieye}o`hf fq w}kr`iêha`fq `h`a`f`q( •
Fuyk ie W}`qák eo Bnfl}fhye #**)4 Vufhik uof weqqkf à w}eqf eo bnfl}fhye . iere qe} ehafo`hcfif ç Ienelfa`f ie Wknïa`f( Heqyf à nfr}fik k fuyk ie w}`qák. vue à k ikauoehyk hk vufn b`afo akhqyfhik fq a`}auhqyíha`fq ik ien`yk e if w}`qák( Nfr}fik k fuyk k @hvuà}`yk à `hqyfu}fik( K bnfl}fhye qe}æ km}`lfyñ}`k qe }efn`zfik wenf fuyk}`ifie wkn`a`fn e qeuq flehyeq. wk`q cæ k iere} nelfn ie qe ebeyuf} f w}`qák ifvuene vue qe face eo eqyfik ie bnfl}fhye ien`yk. wkiehik `ha`i`} `ha`i`} f fuyk}`ifie. akhbk}oe k afqk. eo a}`oe ie w}erf}`afìák( •
Fuyk ie ]eq`qyêha`f #**)( VUEQYÁK: [Vufn f i`be}ehìf ehy}e k fuyk ie }eq`qyêha`f e k fuyk ie w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye; Qkoehye k fuyk ie w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye yeo k -buouq ako`qq` ien`ay`-( / Qe k quje`yk eqyæ eo bnfl}fhye ien`yk e }eq`qye ç w}`qák. ofq oeqok fqq`o à w}eqk. qe}æ heaeqqæ}`f f nfr}fyu}f ik fuyk ie }eq`qyêha`f( Heqqf q`yufìák. qe}ák nfr}fikq k fuyk ie w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye e k fuyk ie }eq`qyêha`f. wk`q k quje`yk yfomào eqyæ eo bnfl}fhye }eq`qyêha`f ç w}`qák( K quje`yk. wk}yfhyk. }eqwkhie}æ wk} iufq `hb}fìõeq: f }eq`qyêha`f ç w}`qák e `hb}fìák wehfn vue w}fy`afrf(( Qe k quje`yk akhqelue bul`}. qe}æ fme}yk k `hvuà}`yk wf}f `hreqy`lf} f }eq`qyêha`f ç w}`qák e `hb}fìák wehfn vue w}fy`afrf( Ofq. hák cfre}æ nfr}fyu}f ie fuyk ie w}`qák. heo }eq`qyêha`f( / Qe k quje`yk fk }eq`qy`} ç w}`qák à ok}yk. k erehyufn esaeqqk wk} wf}ye ik wkn`a`fn vue k ofyku qe}æ `hreqy`lfik. wk`q. f w}`haïw`k k wkn`a`fn fl`u ie bk}of nïa`yf #ku ene fl`u eo eqy}`yk auow}`oehyk ik iere} nelfn ku ene fl`u eo nel`y`of iebeqf)( Ehyák. k ienelfik ie wknïa`f `}æ nfr}f} k fuyk ie }eq`qyêha`f. wf}f w}kaeie} ako fq oeqofq bk}ofn`ifieq ik fuyk ie w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye #es: k`y`rf ie yeqyeouhcfq). wf}f akow}krf} vue k `hi`rïiuk eqyfrf }eq`qy`hik ç w}`qák e vue k wkn`a`fn uy`n`zku kq oe`kq heaeqqæ}`kq( •
9<
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Ku qejf. eqqe fuyk ie }eq`qyêha`f qe}re wf}f lf}fhy`} fk wkn`a`fn vue f akhiuyf iene à nïa`yf( Fk nfr}f} k fuyk ie }eq`qyêha`f es`qy`}æ f aklh`ìák ake}a`y`rf. k `hvuà}`yk qe}æ `hqyfu}fik. f`hif vue qejf ehafo`hcfik wf}f k `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn o`n`yf} #`qqk à ou`yk `owk}yfhye)( / Qe k quje`yk bk` fnrejfik e bul`u if wknïa`f yfomào iere}æ qe} nfr}fik k fuyk ie }eq`qyêha`f. wf}f lf}fhy`f ik wkn`a`fn( Ofq. heqqf c`wñyeqe qe}æ `hqyfu}fik `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn wenk a}`oe vue k quje`yk y`hcf w}fy`afik( F }eqwkqyf ifif ç vueqyák hák eqyæ ou`yk ak}}eyf. uof rez vue k fuyk ie }eq`qyêha`f yfomào yeo k -buouq ako`qq` ien`ay`-. ofq hák à if `hb}fìák wehfn vue akoey`f. ofq q`o if }eq`qyêha`f( / Oei`fhye ]evu`q`ìák ik Ju`z ku OW #***)( F}y( 5º Hkq a}`oeq ie fìák wúmn`af k `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn qe}æ `h`a`fik: @@ ‑ oei`fhye }evu`q`ìák if fuyk}`ifie jui`a`æ}`f ku ik O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak ((( ]evu`q`ìák à f es`lêha`f nelfn #k vue hák wkie qe} be`yk wenk kbehi`ik). fqq`o. vufhik k Ju`z ku W}kokyk} }evu`q`yfo f `hqyfu}fìák ik `hvuà}`yk. k ienelfik eqyæ km}`lfik f if} `hïa`k çq `hreqy`lfìõeq. `hreqy`lfìõeq. afqk qe }eauqe ku wk} kuy}fq afuqfq hák k bfìf. wkie}æ if} afuqf f a}`oe ie w}erf}`afìák ku qfhìõeq fio`h`qy}fy`rfq( Fvu` hák à heaeqqæ}`k mf`sf} wk}yf}`f. hk ehyfhyk qe k b`ze} hák cfre}æ w}kmneof( Wkie}æ ieqie jæ wei`} I`n`lêha`fq( À `owk}yfhye neom}f} heqye okoehyk k „ W}`haïw`k if Km}`lfyk}`eifie ‟. khie k OW hák yeo n`me}ifie wf}f iea`i`} qe rf` ku hák w}kaeqqf} k }àu: F}y( =9( Hkq a}`oeq ie fìák wúmn`af. eqyf qe}æ w}kokr`if wk} iehúha`f ik O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak. ofq iewehie}æ. vufhik f ne` k es`l`}. ie }evu`q`ìák ik O`h`qy}k if Juqy`ìf. ku ie }ew}eqehyfìák ik kbehi`ik ku ie vueo y`re} vufn`ifie wf}f }ew}eqehyæ/nk( ¬ 6º Hk afqk ie ok}ye ik kbehi`ik ku vufhik ieanf}fik fuqehye wk} iea`qák jui`a`fn. k i`}e`yk ie }ew}eqehyfìák wfqqf}æ fk aùhjule. fqaehiehye. fqaehiehye. ieqaehiehye ku `}oák( ¬ =º Qejf vufn bk} k a}`oe. vufhik w}fy`afik eo iey}`oehyk ik wfy}`oùh`k ku `hye}eqqe if Uh`ák. Eqyfik e Ouh`aïw`k. f fìák wehfn qe}æ wúmn`af( E yfomào k „ W}`haïw`k if @hi`qwkh`m`n`ifie ‟. khie k OW hák wkie}æ i`qwk} if Fìák Wehfn: F}y( 9=( K O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak hák wkie}æ ieq`qy`} if fìák wehfn( / F ]evue}`oehyk ]evue}`oehyk ik Kbehi`ik #***)( F}y( 5º Hkq a}`oeq ie fìák wúmn`af k `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn qe}æ `h`a`fik: (((ku f }evue}`oehyk ik kbehi`ik ku ie vueo y`re} vufn`ifie wf}f }ew}eqehyæ/nk( Vufnvue} weqqkf wkie nerf} fk akhcea`oehyk if fuyk}`ifie f kak}}êha`f ie uo ien`yk( Ehy}eyfhyk. f ne`. ehyehieu qe} heaeqqæ}`k if} ç rïy`of ik ien`yk f wkqq`m`n`ifie ie ehie}eìf} uof wey`ìák ç fuyk}`ifie qkn`a`yfhik bk}ofnoehye vue f oeqof `h`a`e fq `hreqy`lfìõeq( / Wk} Hkyïa`f ie Vufnvue} ik Wkrk #***)( 93
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Vufnvue} weqqkf wkie nerf} fk akhcea`oehyk if fuyk}`ifie f kak}}êha`f if `hb}fìák wehfn. ykofhik k ienelfik eqqe akhcea`oehyk ie ræ}`fq bk}ofq: ¬ 1º Vufnvue} weqqkf ik wkrk vue y`re} akhcea`oehyk if es`qyêha`f ie `hb}fìák wehfn eo vue af`mf fìák wúmn`af wkie}æ. re}mfnoehye ku wk} eqa}`yk. akouh`aæ/nf ç fuyk}`ifie wkn`a`fn. e eqyf. re}`b`afif f w}kaeiêha`f ifq `hbk}ofìõeq. ofhif}æ `hqyfu}f} `hvuà}`yk( #eqqfq qák c`wñyeqeq ie fìák wehfn wúmn`af `hakhi`a`khfif) / Oei`fhye }ew}eqehyfìák ik kbehi`ik. f}y( 5º. ¬9º. AWW #***)( # ***)( Hkq A}`oeq ie Fìák Wúmn`af Akhi`a`khfif: ¬ 9º K `hvuà}`yk. hkq a}`oeq eo vue f fìák wúmn`af iewehie} ie }ew}eqehyfìák. hák wkie}æ qeo enf qe} `h`a`fik( Qe iewehie} ie }ew}eqehyfìák . `qyk à. qeo ofh`beqyfìák ik kbehi`ik ku ie vueo hák yehcf vufn`ifie wf}f }ew}eqehyæ/nk hák qe}æ `h`a`fik( #c`wñyeqe ie fìák wehfn wúmn`af akhi`a`khfif) / F ]evue}`oehyk ]evue}`oehyk ik Kbehi`ik. f}y( 5º. ¬5º. AWW #***)( Qeluhik k: ¬ 5º Hkq a}`oeq ie fìák w}`rfif. f fuyk}`ifie wkn`a`fn qkoehye wkie}æ w}kaeie} f `hvuà}`yk f }evue}`oehyk ie vueo yehcf vufn`ifie wf}f `hyehyæ/nf( Ku qejf. afme}æ }evue}`oehyk yfomào hkq A}`oeq ie Fìák W}`rfif. ie vueo bez k }evue}`oehyk }evue}`oehyk ku ie qeuq }ew}eqehyfhyeq }ew}eqehyfhyeq nelf`q: F}y( 16( Hk afqk ie ok}ye ik kbehi`ik ku vufhik ieanf}fik fuqehye wk} iea`qák jui`a`fn. k i`}e`yk ie kbe}eae} vue`sf ku w}kqqelu`} hf fìák wfqqf}æ fk aùhjule. fqaehiehye. ieqaehiehye ku `}oák( #c`wñyeqeq ie fìák wehfn w}`rfif) Nelehif: #*) aklh`ìák `oei`fyf4 #**) aklh`ìák ake}a`y`rf4 ake}a`y`rf4 #***) aklh`ìák oei`fyf( FÌÁK WEHFN: F Fìák Wehfn à qeow}e Wúmn`af . eqqf à f }el}f. k iereokq re}`b`af} à f `h`a`fy`rf #nel`y`o`ifie). f esaeìák à f Fìák W}`rfif(
Fìák Wehfn Wúmn`af F y`yunf}`ifie if fìák wehfn wúmn`af à ik OW. wk} bk}ìf ik f}y`lk 6=0. @. if A]+33( Fìák Wehfn Wúmn`af Akhi`a`khfif f ]ew}eqehyfìák ik Kbehi`ik F fìák wehfn wúmn`af akhi`a`khfif ç }ew}eqehyfìák }eqluf}if kq `hye}eqqeq ik kbehi`ik(
90
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
F }ew}eqehyfìák à uof ofh`beqyfìák ie rkhyfie ik kbehi`ik ku ie qeu }ew}eqehyfhye nelfn wf}f fre}`lufìák ik a}`oe #we}qeauìák wehfn) e wkqye}`k} w}kaeqqfoehyk(
Fìák Wehfn Wúmn`af Akhi`a`khfif f ]evu`q`ìák ik O`h`qy}k if Juqy`ìf Eqqf fìák qe}æ afmïren hkq afqkq w}er`qykq hkq f}y`lkq 696. @. ik AW a+a 695 ik AW: A}`oe akhy}f f ckh}f ik W}eq`iehye if ]ewúmn`af ku akhy}f acebe ik lkre}hk eqy}fhle`}k( Qe}æ afmïren yfomào hk afqk ik f}y( <. ¬1· ik AW: a}`oe akoey`ik wk} eqy}fhle`}k akhy}f m}fq`ne`}k bk}f ik M}fq`n( Fìák Wehfn W}`rfif Buhifoehyk: Buhifoehyk: K a}`oe fbeyf ie bk}of l}fre f `hy`o`ifie if rïy`of. b`afhik f qeu a}`yà}`k f w}kwkq`yu}f ku hák if fìák wehfn w}`rfif afmïren( K Eqyfik akhaeie fk `hi`rïiuk k i`}e`yk ie w}kwk} f fìák. ofq k i`}e`yk ie wuh`} akhy`huf ako k Eqyfik( Wk}yfhyk. y}fyf/qe ie Nel`y`ofìák Esy}fk}i`hæ}`f( / Eqwàa`eq ie Fìák Wehfn W}`rfif: / Fìák wehfn w}`rfif esanuq`rf ku w}kw}`foehye i`yf : À f }el}f le}fn( F nel`y`o`ifie wf}f kbe}eae} f vue`sf à ik kbehi`ik ku ik qeu }ew}eqehyfhye( Wk} eseownk. k EQYUW]K( ESAEÌÕEQ: F Fìák qe}æ Wúmn`af @HAKHI@A@KHFIF: / Eqyuw}k qelu`ik ie ok}ye4 / Eqyuw}k qelu`ik ie neqák l}fre( K @hye}eqqe ie Fl`} à qeow}e ik Eqyfik( Eo fnluofq q`yufìõeq ene y}fhqbe}e ç rïy`of f wkqq`m`n`ifie ie fl`} ku hák( Fqq`o. wk} eseownk. vufhik f `hy`o`ifie e f r`if w}`rfif if weqqkf iereo qe} w}eqe}rfifq. wk} eseownk. hk eqyuw}k( Vufhik k eqyuw}k à qelu`ik ie ok}ye ku neqák l}fre wfqqf f qe} km}`lfyñ}`f f `hreqy`lfìák ik OW( Ofq es`qyeo iufq l}fhieq i`qauqqõeq heqye yeof( F w}`oe`}f fakhyeae eo }enfìák ç rïy`of wkm}e hk a}`oe ie eqyuw}k ( Qe f rïy`of hák bkqqe wkm}e e ieqejfqqe akhiehf} k fuyk} ik bfyk wkie}`f fy}fràq ie fìák w}`rfif( Qe hk y}fhqak}}e} if fìák vu`qe} ieq`qy`}. wkie}æ f vufnvue} okoehyk( Eo }enfìák ç rïy`of wkm}e. f fìák wfqqf f qe} Wúmn`af akhi`a`khfif f }ew}eqehyfìák qehik vue f oeqof. qeluhik f ne`. qñ wkie}`f ieq`qy`} Fhyeq ik kbe}ea`oehyk if Iehúha`f( Heqyf q`yufìák yeokq k W}`haïw`k if @qkhko`f r`knfik. wk`q qe f rïy`of we}ikf k `hb}fyk} k OW hák wkie ieq`qy`} ik w}kaeqqk( Fqq`o. es`qye f b`lu}f if „ @}}eb}flfm`n`ifie if Hk}of Wehfn ‟(
57
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Vue q`lh`b`af vue f hk}of wehfn qñ wkie qe} ie}}umfif wk} hk}of wehfn( I`fhye i`qyk wf}f fnye}f} k i`qwkq`y`rk eo }enfìák ç rïy`of wkm}e à heaeqqæ}`f kuy}f ne`( Hf w}æy`af kq juïzeq uy`n`zfo/qe if yeqe ie Buha`khfn`qok ie ]ks`h wf}f er`yf} vue k }àu. we}ikfik wenf rïy`of wkm}e qejf akhiehfik( Mfqe`f/qe hf buhìák qka`fn ik w}kaeqqk( Nel`y`o`ifie wf}f f afuqf. ku qejf. nel`y`o`ifie ako we}y`hêha`f qumjey`rf wf}f f fìák wehfn( / Qúounf 273 ik QYB: #À k of`k} e}}k wehfn ik QYB. wk`q i`z vue k eqyuw}k à a}`oe akownesk. w}erfneaehik f Fìák Wehfn Wúmn`af @hakhi`a`khfif. wf}f f ikuy}`hf hák à a}`oe akownesk( Cæ uo eqrfz`foehyk ik akhyeúik ik }evue}`oehyk wf}f hák qknyf} k eqyuw}fik}. à uof qúounf ie wknïy`af a}`o`hfn)( a}`o`hfn)( F qeluhif fakhyeae eo }enfìák ç kak}}êha`f ie fmuqk ik wkie} bfo`n`f} ( Hkq afqkq eo vue k a}`oe à akoey`ik wk} vueo yeo k wkie} bfo`n`f} f Fìák à Wúmn`af @hakhi`a`khfif( @owk}yfhye hák akhbuhi`} k Eqyuw}k ako w}equhìák ie r`knêha`f. ako Eqyuw}k ako r`knêha`f }efn: K Eqyuw}k ako w}equhìák ie r`knêha`f à k vue kak}}e hk f}y(==9. AW: F}y( ==9 / W}equoe/qe f r`knêha`f. qe f rïy`of: f) hák à of`k} ie afyk}ze fhkq4 m) à fn`ehfif ku iàm`n oehyfn. e k flehye akhcea`f eqyf a`}auhqyíha`f4 a) hák wkie. wk} vufnvue} kuy}f afuqf. kbe}eae} }eq`qyêha`f( Vufhik ckure} hk eqyuw}k. r`knêha`f }efn #r`knêha`f eow}elfif vue esaeie k heaeqqæ}`k. ofq hák acelf f af}faye}`zf} f neqák l}fre. Es:a}`oe ie eqyuw}k ako yfwfq). f fìák wehfn wúmn`af à heqqe afqk akhi`a`khfif ç }ew}eqehyfìák( Fnluhq fuyk}eq i`zeo vue eqqf nel`y`o`ifie à qkoehye fy`rf e hák wfqq`rf( Ehyák. qñ cfre}æ `nel`y`o`ifie fy`rf. wk} eseownk. qe k OW kbe}eae} iehúha`f hf fìák wehfn w}`rfif. ene qe}æ wf}ye fy`rf `nelïy`of( Hfq Neqõeq Ak}wk}f`q Nereq. eo r`knêha`f ikoàqy`af. hák qe fwn`afo fq oei`ifq ieqwehfn`zfik}fq if Ne` 0700. vue qák: 6/ Wkqq`m`n`ifie ie Akha`n`fìák #}ey}fyfìák esy`hlue f wuh`m`n`ifie)4 =/ Y}fhqfìák Wehfn4 1/ Quqwehqák Akhi`a`khfn ik W}kaeqqk4 9/ Heaeqq`ifie ie ]ew}eqehyfìák wf}f neqõeq nereq e aunwkqfq( Qeluhik k QYJ. f Fìák à Wúmn`af @hakhi`a`khfif #Wkq`ìák Ofjk}`yæ}`f)( / Fìák wehfn w}`rfif we}qkhfnïqq`of: Wk} eseownk. a}`oe w}er`qyk hk f}y( =12 ik AW. kaunyfìák ie `owei`oehyk wf}f aenem}fìák ik afqfoehyk( 56
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Fhyeq es`qy`f f b`lu}f ik fiunyà}`k ckje. hák of`q. qkb}eu Fmkn`y`k A}`o`h`q( Ofq. eqqf fìák iere akhy`huf} hk añi`lk w}`ha`wfnoehye eo }enfìák f hkrfq q`yufìõeq ie a}`oe. vue k añi`lk wehfn iere w}ere}( Fyufnoehye e w}krfrenoehye buyu}foehye f vueqyák ikq y}fhq/qesuf`q y}fhq/qesuf`q #@hiuz`oehyk f E}}k Eqqeha`fn qkm}e f Weqqkf / Uof weqqkf vue qe afqfqqe ako kuy}f. e fwñq k afqfoehyk we}aemeqqe vue bk` nui`m}`fik eo }enfìák fk qesk ifvuenf weqqkf)( Eo 23 fhkq ik fyufn añi`lk wehfn w}`oe`}f rez vue k añi`lk w}erê fhyea`wfifoehye uof q`yufìák ofhyehik uo y`wk eqwea`fn ie fìák wf}f eqyf q`yufìák( Qkoehye k kbehi`ik wkie kbe}eae} f vue`sf( / Fìák wehfn w}`rfif qumq`i`æ}`f if wúmn`af : Eqqf fìák à esaeìák fk f}y`lk 6=0. @. if A]+33(
/ Akhae`ykq Fhye}`k}eq: Nel`y`o`ifie K}i`hæ}`f : F Nel`y`o`ifie K}i`hæ}`f hk I`}e`yk Wehfn à ik Eqyfik. ofq eqye yeo vue qe bfze} w}eqehye ie fnluof bk}of. eqqf we}qkh`b`afìák à ifif fk OW( #K OW à k Eqyfik eo Juïzk)( K Nel`y`ofik. wk}yfhyk à k OW( Nel`y`o`ifie Esy}fk}i`hæ}`f : Æq rezeq. f nel`y`o`ifie à ehy}elue wf}f f rïy`of. #nel`y`o`ifie wf}f fl`}). ofq hák yeo k I`}e`yk ie Wuh`}. vue akhy`huf f qe} ik Eqyfik( K Nel`y`ofik Esy}fk}i`hæ}`k à k Kbehi`ik hfq Fìõeq Wehf`q W}`rfifq. ofq f w}eyehqák wuh`y`rf akhy`huf f qe} ik Eqyfik( Nel`y`ofìák Akhak}}ehye „Hk W}kaeqqk Wehfn f Nel`y`o`ifie Nel`y`o`ifie Esy}fk}i`hæ}`f esanu` f K}i`hæ}`f‟ K} i`hæ}`f‟.. wk}yfhyk. hák cæ Nel`y`ofìák Akhak}}ehye. i`be}ehye ik W}kaeqqk A`r`n( Esaeìák: Hf Fìák Wehfn W}`rfif Qumq`i`æ}`f if Wúmn`af. khie cæ Nel`y`o`ifie Akhak}}ehye wk} 2 oeqeq(
@hvuà}`yk Wkn`a`fn OW #ofq Hák bez hfif) 2 oeqeq akhyfikq if @hà}a`f ik OW. 5 i`fq #w}eqk) 65 i`fq #qknyk) Nel`y`o`ifie wf}f Fìák Wehfn W}`rfif Qumq`i`æ}`f if Wúmn`af( Hk ehyfhyk. k OW akhy`huf f qe} Nel`y`ofik K}i`hæ}`k. K}i`hæ}`k. wk`q qeuq w}fzkq qák `ow}ñw}`kq. wkie }evue}e} k f}vu`rfoehyk. wey`ìák `h`a`fn. eya(
5=
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
/ Ieafiêha`f: Hk I`}e`yk Wehfn à f we}if ik i`}e`yk ie fìák ku we}if ik i`}e`yk ie }ew}eqehyfìák( F ieafiêha`f à afuqf ie esy`hìák if wuh`m`n`ifie. ofq wkie cfre} f esaeìák hk afqk if Fìák Wehfn W}`rfif Qumq`i`æ}`f if Wúmn`af. wk`q f`hif cæ k OW akok Nel`y`ofik K}i`hæ}`k( Qumqy`yuyk e Quaeqqk} W}kaeqqufn e ]ew}eqehyfhye Nelfn: Welfi`hcfq: Eseownk 6: Of}`f. of`k}. afwfz. b`ncf ie Jkqà. bk` rïy`of ie eqyuw}k #fìák wehfn w}`rfif). aujk `hb}fyk} e}f Wfbúha`k( „ Of}`f ier`ifoehye vufn`b`afif. reo kbe}eae} vue`sf akhy}f Wfbúha`k‟( [ Vueo à k Nel`y`ofik Esy}fk}i`hæ}`k; Of}`f( [ Vueo à k Qumqy`yuyk W}kaeqqufn; Of}`f( [ Vueo à k Nel`y`ofik Wfqq`rk; Wfbúha`k( [ Vueo à k Nel`y`ofik K}i`hæ}`k; H`hluào. wk`q. qe k a}`oe à ie fìák wehfn w}`rfif f nel`y`o`ifie esy}fk}i`hæ}`f esanu` f k}i`hæ}`f #esaeyk hf fìák wehfn w}`rfif qumq`i`æ}`f if wúmn`af)(
Eseownk =: Of}`f. b`ncf ie Jkqà. oehk} ie 63 fhkq. bk` rïy`of ie eqyuw}k #fìák wehfn w}`rfif). aujk `hb}fyk} e}f Wfbúha`k( „ Of}`f }ew}eqehyfif wk} qeu wf`. reo kbe}eae} vue`sf akhy}f Wfbúha`k‟( [ Vueo à k Nel`y`ofik Esy}fk}i`hæ}`k; Of}`f( [ Vueo à k Qumqy`yuyk W}kaeqqufn; Of}`f( [ Vueo à k Nel`y`ofik Wfqq`rk; Wfbúha`k( [ Vueo à k ]ew}eqehyfhye Nelfn; Jkqà( [ Vueo à k Nel`y`ofik K}i`hæ}`k; H`hluào. wk`q. qe k a}`oe à ie fìák wehfn w}`rfif f nel`y`o`ifie esy}fk}i`hæ}`f esanu` f k}i`hæ}`f #esaeyk hf fìák wehfn w}`rfif qumq`i`æ}`f if wúmn`af)(
51
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Eseownk 1: Of}`f. b`ncf ie Jkqà. bk` rïy`of ie eqyuw}k #fìák wehfn w}`rfif). aujk `hb}fyk} e}f Wfbúha`k( Hk ehyfhyk. Of}`f bfneae. wk`q bk` fy}kwenfif( fy}kwenfif( „Jkqà. ier`ifoehye vufn`b`afik. reo kbe}eae} vue`sf akhy}f Wfbúha`k‟( [ Vueo à k Quaeqqk} W}kaeqqufn; Jkqà. f}y( 16 ik AWW( Heqqe afqk. k hkoe ie Jkqà r`}f i`qa}`o`hfik hf vue`sf/a}`oe e k hkoe ie Of}`f rf` wf}f f afuqf ie wei`}( K hkoe ie Of}`f qe}æ oeha`khfik qkoehye hk -ak}wk- if vue`sf/a}`oe( vue`sf/a}`oe( [ Vueo k Nel`y`ofik Esy}fk}i`hæ}`k; Jkqà( [ Vueo à k Qumqy`yuyk W}kaeqqufn; Jkqà( [ Vueo à k Nel`y`ofik Wfqq`rk; Wfbúha`k( [ Vueo à k ]ew}eqehyfhye Nelfn; Jkqà( [ Vueo à k Nel`y`ofik K}i`hæ}`k; H`hluào. wk`q. qe k a}`oe à ie fìák wehfn w}`rfif f nel`y`o`ifie esy}fk}i`hæ}`f esanu` f k}i`hæ}`f #esaeyk hf fìák wehfn w}`rfif qumq`i`æ}`f if wúmn`af)(
Akhbk}oe k f}y( 16 ik AWW: -Hk afqk ie ok}ye ik kbehi`ik ku vufhik ieanf}fik fuqehye wk} iea`qák jui`a`fn. k i`}e`yk ie kbe}eae} vue`sf ku w}kqqelu`} hf fìák wfqqf}æ fk aùhjule. fqaehiehye. ieqaehiehye ku `}oák-( Eqqf k}ieo iere}æ qe} kmqe}rfif. akhbk}oe ieye}o`hf k f}y`lk 12 ik AWW( Neom}fhik vue. k aùhjule iere qe} evu`wf}fik fk akowfhce`}k( Ykifq eqqfq weqqkfq wkieo kbe}eae} f vue`sf. `hiewehiehyeoehye if rkhyfie ik kuy}k. ofq w}erfneae}æ f vue`sf ifvuene vue bk} fhye}`k} hf k}ieo ik f}y( 12 ik AWW( Qe f rïy`of bfneae}. hák eo r`}yuie ik a}`oe w}fy`afik. vueo quaeie}æ f rïy`of hf Nel`y`o`ifie Esy}fk}i`hæ}`f qe}æ k aùhjule. fqaehiehye. ieqaehiehye ku `}oák( E qe f vue`sf bk} kbe}ea`if. k Quaeqqk} w}kaeqqufn wfqqf}æ f qe} k Qumqy`yuyk w}kaeqqufn #aùhjule. fqaehiehye. ieqaehiehye ku `}oák)( F oeqof i`re}lêha`f rf` qu}l`}. hf b`lu}f ik quaeqqk} w}kaeqqufn. hk qelu`hye afqk: f rïy`of ie uo a}`oe ie fìák wehfn w}`rfif. vue qfme vueo à k fuyk} ik bfyk #k w}fzk ie a}eieha`fn jæ akoeìku f ak}}e}). bfneae ik`q oeqeq fwñq qfme} vueo e}f k `hb}fyk}( Qeu quaeqqk} w}kaeqqufn ye}æ w}fzk ieafieha`fn }eq`iufn ie 9 oeqeq. wf}f f ak}}ehye o`hk}`yæ}`f( Wf}f f ak}}ehye ofjk}`yæ}`f. qeu w}fzk qe}æ ie 2 oeqeq wf}f kbe}eae} f vue`sf. f akhyf} if ifyf if ok}ye if rïy`of( VUEQYÁK: [ Vufn f i`be}ehìf ehy}e k qumqy`yuyk w}kaeqqufn e k quaeqqk} w}kaeqqufn; 59
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
K Qumqy`yuyk W}kaeqqufn à k kbehi`ik. hkq a}`oeq ie fìák wehfn w}`rfif. wk}vue k Nel`y`ofik Esy}fk}i`hæ}`k wkie ese}ae} k i`}e`yk ie vue`sf. muqafhik f w}eyehqák wuh`y`rf ik Eqyfik( Y}fyf/qe ik Qumqy`yuyk W}kaeqqufn ik Eqyfik( K Quaeqqk} W}kaeqqufn à k aùhjule. fqaehiehye. ieqaehiehye ku `}oák. hf bk}of ik f}y`lk 16 ik AWW. hk afqk ie ok}ye ku ieanf}fìák ie fuqêha`f ik kbehi`ik( Qe f rïy`of bfneae. k quaeqqk} wkie r`} f qe} k qumqy`yuyk qumqy`yuyk w}kaeqqufn. wk`q ene rf` muqaf} f w}eyehqák wuh`y`rf ik Eqyfik( ]ew}eqehyfhye Nelfn Qumq`i`æ}`k: À f w}er`qák ik f}y(11. ik AWW: „Vufhik k kbehi`ik hák wkqqu`} }ew}eqehyfhye nelfn ku vufhik ckure} akhbn`yk ie `hye}eqqeq ako k }ew}eqehyfhye nelfn k ju`z hkoef}æ au}fik} eqwea`fn‟( F}y( 11( Qe k kbehi`ik bk} oehk} ie iezk`yk fhkq. ku oehyfnoehye ehbe}ok. ku }eyf}ifik oehyfn. e hák y`re} }ew}eqehyfhye nelfn. ku akn`i`}eo kq `hye}eqqeq ieqye ako kq ifvuene. k i`}e`yk ie vue`sf wkie}æ qe} ese}a`ik wk} au}fik} eqwea`fn. hkoefik. ie kbïa`k ku f }evue}`oehyk ik O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak. wenk ju`z akoweyehye wf}f k w}kaeqqk wehfn( Hák à k ju`z akoweyehye wf}f k W}kaeqqk Wehfn( VUEQYÁK: [ Of}`f. 6< fhkq. eofha`wfif wenk afqfoehyk. à r`y`of ie eqyuw}k #fìák wehfn w}`rfif)( Vueo kbe}eae f vue`sf; Of}`f. qeu wf`. ku qeu of}`ik; K AWW. hák y}fmfncf ako akhae`ykq ie i`}e`yk a`r`n. f rïy`of iere ye} 63 fhkq. Of}`f iere eqwe}f} akowneyf} 63 fhkq. ku w}kau}f} k Jui`a`æ}`k wf}f nfhìf} oák ik f}y`lk 11( Hák à qeu of}`ik. e heo qeu wf`. wk`q hák eqyæ qkm k Wkie} Bfo`n`f}( •
W}kmneofq: /6/ F}y( 19( Qe k kbehi`ik bk} oehk} ie r`hye e uo e of`k} ie iezk`yk fhkq. k i`}e`yk ie vue`sf wkie}æ qe} ese}a`ik wk} ene ku wk} qeu }ew}eqehyfhye nelfn( Hkq nerfrf f Qúounf 509. QYB: Qúounf 509 KQ I@]E@YKQ IE VUE@SF E IE ]EW]EQEHYFÌÁK WKIEO QE] ESE]A@IKQ. @HIEWEHIEHYEOEHYE. WENK KBEHI@IK KU WK] QEU ]EW]EQEHYFHYE NELFN( Ako k AA ie 7= k f}y(19. qkb}e uof }erklfìák yæa`yf( /=/ Qúounf <69/ QYB:
55
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Eo fìák wehfn w}`rfif qumq`i`æ}`f if wúmn`af. qe f rïy`of ieq`qy`}. k OW iere}æ }efqquo`} k w}kaeqqk hf vufn`ifie ie wf}ye. wk`q ene yfomào yeo nel`y`o`ifie e k w}kaeqqk rknyf f qe} uo w}kaeqqk ie fìák wehfn wúmn`af( Eomk}f f Nel`y`o`ifie Esy}fk}i`hæ}`f esanuf f Nel`y`o`ifie K}i`hæ}`f. qfnrk hf Fìák Wehfn W}`rfif Qumq`i`æ}`f if Wúmn`af. k QYB ei`yku f qúounf <69. vue y}fz nel`y`o`ifie akhak}}ehye: Qúounf <69 À AKHAK]]EHYE F NEL@Y@O@IFIE IK KBEHI@IK. OEI@FHYE VUE@SF. E IK O@H@QYÀ]@K WÚMN@AK. AKHI@A@KHFIF Ç ]EW]EQEHYFÌÁK IK KBEHI@IK. WF]F F FÌÁK WEHFN WK] A]@OE AKHY]F F CKH]F IE QE]R@IK] WÚMN@AK EO ]FZÁK IK ESE]AÏA@K IE QUFQ BUHÌÕEQ( Eseownk: K a}`oe ie `hjú}`f à. f w}`haïw`k. uo a}`oe ie fìák wehfn w}`rfif( Ofq. qe w}fy`afik akhy}f k W}eq`iehye if ]ewúmn`af qe}æ ie fìák wehfn wúmn`af akhi`a`khfif ç }evu`q`ìák ik O`h`qy}k if Juqy`ìf( If oeqof bk}of vue hf `hjú}`f akhy}f k W}eq`iehye if ]ewúmn`af. f `hjú}`f akhy}f k qe}r`ik} wúmn`ak hk ese}aïa`k ie qufq buhìõeq kbehie ç ok}fn`ifie fio`h`qy}fy`rf( Wk`q. f `hjú}`f fk qe}r`ik} à eo }fzák if buhìák ese}a`if( Wk} `qqk. eqqe a}`oe à ie fìák wehfn wúmn`af akhi`a`khfif ç }ew}eqehyfìák ik kbehi`ik( Ehyák. eomk}f qejf a}`oe ie fìák wehfn wúmn`af. k OW heaeqq`yf}æ if }ew}eqehyfìák ik kbehi`ik wf}f wkie} fyuf}( F w}`haïw`k. afme fk qe}r`ik} vue qe qehy`u `hju}`fik. eqyfmeneae} vueo à k `hju}`fik: f weqqkf ik qe}r`ik} ku f ok}fn`ifie fio`h`qy}fy`rf( Hák mfqyf vue ene eqyejf hk y}fmfnck wf}f qe} `hjú}`f akhy}f f ok}fn`ifie fio`h`qy}fy`rf( Eqqe w}kaei`oehyk à heaeqqæ}`k. wk`q qe k a}`oe bk` akhy}f f weqqkf ik qe}r`ik} wúmn`ak. k a}`oe qe}æ ie fìák wehfn w}`rfif. ene iere}æ kbe}eae} vue`sf a}`oe( Ofq qe k a}`oe bk` b k` akhy}f ene hf vufn`ifie ie qe}r`ik}. k a}`oe qe}æ ie fìák wehfn wúmn`af akhi`a`khfif f quf }ew}eqehyfìák fk OW( Ene hák wkie bfze} fq iufq ak`qfq fk oeqok yeowk #kbe}eae} vue`sf e }ew}eqehyf}). } ew}eqehyf}). wk`q cfre}`f n`y`qwehiêha`f ikq w}kaeqqkq wenk oeqok kmjeyk( K wkq`a`khfoehyk ik O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak i`fhye if qúounf à k qelu`hye: F qúounf à fwn`afif qkoehye hf c`wñyeqe ie `hà}a`f ik OW( Wk`q. hf w}æy`af. kq juïzeq eqyák akhbuhi`hik @hjú}`f akhy}f k qe}r`ik} wúmn`ak e Ieqfafyk( Ieqfafyk à uo a}`oe akhy}f f fio`h`qy}fìák wúmn`af #a}`oe ie fìák wehfn wúmn`af `hakhi`a`khfif)( F wkq`ìák iko`hfhye à vue f rïy`of ieqqe a}`oe à k Eqyfik e hák k qe}r`ik} wúmn`ak( Ehyák. qe k OW b`af} `he}ye. k qe}r`ik} hák wkie}æ kbe}eae} vue`sf( Wk} eseownk. qe uo ju`z bk} ieqfafyfik e k OW b`af} `he}ye. k ju`z hák wkie}æ kbe}eae} vue`sf. wk`q ene hák à k kbehi`ik( F @hjú}`f wkie ye} akok rïy`of k qe}r`ik} wúmn`ak #f `hjú}`f à ou`yk wf}ea`if ako k ieqfafyk. wk} `qqk. ou`yfq rezeq k qe}r`ik} akhbuhie k a}`oe w}fy`afik). vue qe}æ a}`oe ie fìák wehfn wúmn`af akhi`a`khfif ç }ew}eqehyfìák(
52
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Qe kbe}ea`if f }ew}eqehyfìák e k OW we}ofheaeu `he}ye. k qe}r`ik} wkie}æ kbe}eae} vue`sf wk} `hjú}`f akhy}f k qe}r`ik} / qúounf <69 ik QYB #fìák wehfn w}`rfif qumq`i`æ}`f if wúmn`af)( K ju`z fafmfrf akhbe}`hik k oeqok y}fyfoehyk ik ieqfafyk ç vue`sf/a}`oe e w}kbe}`hik f qelu`hye iea`qák: -Ie`sk ie }eaeme} f vue`sf/a}`oe wk} fuqêha`f ie nel`y`o`ifie-( Ofq. qe f `hjú}`f akhy}f k qe}r`ik} wúmn`ak à uo a}`oe ie fìák wehfn wúmn`af akhi`a`khfif à wk}vue es`qye uo kbehi`ik4 wk}yfhyk. hf `hà}a`f ik OW i`fhye if }ew}eqehyfìák. }ew}eqehyfìák. k kbehi`ik wkie}æ kbe}eae} vue`sf(
VUEQYÁK: / Qkm}e f Fìák Wehfn of}vue f ak}}eyf: f) Qe k OW }evue} k f}vu`rfoehyk if }ew}eqehyfìák k kbehi`ik hkq a}`oeq akhy}f k ckh}f ik qe}r`ik} hk ese}aïa`k if buhìák hfif wkie}æ bfze}( m) Vufhik k OW }evue} k f}vu`rfoehyk if }ew}eqehyfìák k kbehi`ik hkq a}`oeq akhy}f f ckh}f ie qe}r`ik} hk ese}aïa`k if buhìák yeo nel`y`o`ifie wf}f k kbe}ea`oehyk if vue`sf( ]eqwkqyf: Ney}f f Fyehìák: / F nel`y`o`ifie esy}fk}i`hæ}`f wkie qe} k}`l`hæ}`f ku qumq`i`æ}`f f ik OW( #es`qye fìák wehfn esanuq`rf ? k}`l`hæ}`f if ne`. e f qumq`i`æ}`f ik OW) / Akhi`ìõeq lehà}`afq if fìák: fìák : ! HK I@]E@YK WEHFN: WEHFN: Nel`y`o`ifie Nel`y`o`ifie ie wf}yeq //// W}krf if @hb}fìák
///// @hye}eqqe ie Fl`} / heaeqq`ifie E / uy`n`ifie / fievufìák @hiïa`kq Qub`a`ehyeq ie Fuyk}`f ~ ^ Wkqq`m`n`ifie Ju}ïi`af ik Wei`ik JUQYF AFUQF
6 / @hye}eqqe ie fl`} : -Hák cæ a}`oe qeo ne` fhye}`k} vue k ieb`hf-( Fhæn`qe if Fievufìák: / W}krf if @hb}fìák ik A}`oe4 / @hiïa`kq Qub`a`ehyeq ie Fuyk}`f 5<
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
K vue iere qe} fhfn`qfik w}`oe`}foehye à f akhiuyf #bfyk)( F fievufìák à f akhiuyf eqyf} w}er`qyf hf ne` akok a}`oe( F wf}y`} ie ehyák. k Eqyfik ye}æ k i`}e`yk ie wuh`} e oeqok vue cfjf f fmqknr`ìák. ckure k `hye}eqqe ie fl`}. heqqe afqk. k w}kaeqqk à heaeqqæ}`k e úy`n. wk`q wkqq`m`n`yku k akhy}fi`yñ}`k e f fownf iebeqf( F w}krf if `hb}fìák vue rf` i`ze} qe f akhiuyf à yïw`af. wf}f qfme} qe k Eqyfik ye}æ i`}e`yk ie wuh`}( Ofq. fnào ie cfre} w}krf ie `hb}fìák #akhiuyf yïw`af) à heaeqqæ}`k `hiïa`kq qub`a`ehyeq if fuyk}`f #iere qe} fhfn`qfik qe ckure esy`hìák if wuh`m`n`ifie. es: qe k quqwe`yk bfneaeu ku qe ckure w}eqa}`ìák. cæ esy`hìák if wuh`m`n`ifie e hák cæ `hye}eqqe ie fl`})( @qqk. wk`q. hk I`}e`yk Wehfn. k `hye}eqqe ie fl`} eqyæ qeow}e w}eqehye ieqie vue k Eqyfik yehcf i`}e`yk ie wuh`}. qe hák ckure} i`}e`yk ie wuh`} hák cfre}æ `hye}eqqe ie fl`}( Wf}f `qqk. à heaeqqæ}`k fhfn`qf} fhfn`qf} ik`q a}`yà}`kq: / qe f akhiuyf à ku hák yïw`af4 / eqyf} ku hák esy`hyf f wuh`m`n`ifie( = / Wkqq`m`n`ifie ju}ïi`af ik wei`ik : -Heo wehf qeo w}àr`f ako`hfìák nelfnK ju`z ik w}kaeqqk wehfn hák eqyæ r`haunfik k wei`ik. ofq q`o fkq bfykq hf}}fikq( Qe hák k be}e `hye}eqqe ie fl`} yfomào hák cfre}æ wkqq`m`n`ifie ju}ïi`af ik wei`ik( Es: qe k `hi`a`fik ok}}e hák cæ `hye}eqqe ie fl`} #bfnyf `hiïa`kq qub`a`ehyeq if fuyk}`f). ehyák. hák cfre}æ wkqq`m`n`ifie ju}ïi`af ik wei`ik #wehf f qe} fwn`aæren)( 1 / Nel`y`o`ifie ie wf}ye : À f w}krf if `hb}fìák vue `}æ `hi`af} f nel`y`o`ifie fy`rf( Qák kq `hiïa`kq if fuyk}`f vue rák `hi`af} f nel`y`o`ifie wfqq`rf( Es: hk a}`oe ie eqyuw}k. iewehie}æ ikq `hiïa`kq if fuyk}`f #nel`y`o`ifie wfqq`rf) wf}f ieb`h`}eo f nel`y`o`ifie fy`rf: / wf` eqyuw}f b`ncf: nel`y`o`ifie fy`rf à ik OW / f fìák a`r`n wúmn`af `hakhi`a`khfif( / uo ckoeo eqyuw}k uof ounce} vufnvue}: nel`y`o`ifie fy`rf if rïy`of / fìák wehfn w}`rfif( Qeo w}krfq if `hb}fìák e `hiïa`kq qub`a`ehyeq if fuyk}`f hák es`qyeo fq akhi`ìõeq if fìák( Ofq. es`qye uof vuf}yf akhi`ìák if fìák #hf re}ifie. enf à f w}`oe`}f akhi`ìák f qe} fhfn`qfif): fhfn`qfif): F Juqyf Afuqf(
Akhi`ìák eqweaïb`af if fìák wehfn: 9) Juqyf Afuqf / w}krfq if `hb}fìák e `hiïa`kq qub`a`ehyeq if fuyk}`f( Hk w}kaeqqk wehfn. k @hye}eqqe ie Fl`} eqyf}æ qeow}e w}eqehye. ieqie vue k Eqyfik yehcf i`}e`yk ie wuh`}. fhfn`qfhik ik`q }evu`q`ykq: 6/ Qe cæ w}krf if `hb}fìák e =/ @hiïa`kq qub`a`ehyeq if fuyk}`f( Wk`q. k úh`ak oe`k ie qe wuh`} à fy}fràq if `hye}rehìák ik Eqyfik r`f Wkie} Jui`a`æ}`k( 53
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Akhae`yk ie Juqyf afuqf Ofjk}`yæ}`k: Juqyf afuqf à k nfqy}k w}kmfyñ}`k oïh`ok ku quwk}ye w}kmfyñ}`k oïh`ok ku w}krf if `hb}fìák e `hiïa`kq qub`a`ehyeq if fuyk}`f( Hk ehyfhyk. es`qyeo fnluofq ak}}ehyeq. hk vue i`z }eqwe`yk f Juqyf Afuqf. hf re}ifie qák íhlunkq ie r`qák if oeqof ak`qf:
/ 6ª ak}}ehye: Fif Wennel}`h`: Qeluhik eqqf ak}}ehye. hák es`qye uof vuf}yf akhi`ìák if fìák. hf re}ifie w}krf if `hb}fìák e `hiïa`kq if fuyk}`f qák k vue k OW uy`n`zf wf}f qfme} qe es`qyeo fq y}êq akhi`ìõeq if fìák #`hye}eqqe ie fl`}. nel`y`o`ifie ie wf}ye e wkqq`m`n`ifie ju}ïi`af ik wei`ik)( Eqqf à f wkq`ìák o`hk}`yæ}`f( / =ª ak}}ehye: Yku}`hck B`nck: Wf}f eqqf ak}}ehye. w}krf if `hb}fìák e `hiïa`kq qub`a`ehyeq if fuyk}`f akhb`lu}fo f juqyf afuqf( Ofq. f juqyf afuqf hák qe}`f f vuf}yf akhi`ìák if fìák. wk`q enf eqyf}`f iehy}k ik @hye}eqqe ie Fl`}( Eqqf wkq`ìák qe ieqyfaf( / 1ª ak}}ehye: Eqqf à f ak}}ehye ofjk}`yæ}`f( Juqyf afuqf #w}krf ie `hb}fìák e `hiïa`kq qub`a`ehyeq ie fuyk}`f. nfqy}k ku quwk}ye w}kmfyñ}`k oïh`ok) à f vuf}yf akhi`ìák if fìák e ienf iewehieo fq kuy}fq akhi`ìõeq #`hye}eqqe ie fl`}. nel`y`o`ifie ie wf}ye e wkqq`m`n`ifie ju}ïi`af ik wei`ik)( / 9ª ak}}ehye: Fb}íh`k Q`nrf Jf}i`o: Fb}íh`k Q`nrf Jf}i`o bk` k w}`oe`}k f i`ze} vue Juqyf Afuqf hák eqyfrf iehy}k ik @hye}eqqe ie Fl`}. wk`q ienf iewehieo f nel`y`o`ifie ie wf}ye e f wkqq`m`n`ifie ju}ïi`af ik wei`ik( Ofq wf}f ene. fnào ie w}krf if `hb}fìák `hiïa`kq qub`a`ehyeq if fuyk}`f. f juqyf afuqf à yfomào k nfqy}k w}kmfyñ}`k k oïh`ok e f fuqêha`f ie esanuiehyeq #f w}eqehìf ie esanuiehye ie `n`a`yuie bfz vue ako hák cfjf f Juqyf afuqf)( Eqqf wkq`ìák à o`hk}`yæ}`f( Eseownk: „F‟ acelf f quf afqf e we}aeme vue quf bfoïn`f hák eqyæ qkz`hcf eo afqf. vue es`qye of`q uo quje`yk. eqye ieqakhcea`ik( Vufhik „F‟. acelf of`q we}yk we}aeme vue eqye quje`yk jæ ofyku uof ie qufq b`ncfq e eqyæ eqyuw}fhik f kuy}f( K quje`yk we}aeme vue „F‟ eqyæ acelfhik e qe `hqu}le akhy}f ene( „F‟ ofyf k quje`yk( KMQE]RFÌÁK:
50
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Qeluhik k Fb}íh`k Q`nrf Jf}i`o es`qye uof vu`hyf akhi`ìák if fìák. k K]@L@HFN@IFIE. vue f `hes`qyêha`f ie Ak`qf Junlfif e ie N`y`qwehiêha`f( #wkq`ìák o`hk}`yf}ïqq`of)
/ 5ª ak}}ehye: F Juqyf Afuqf à „vufnvue} ak`qf‟ vue wkqqf ku hák juqy`b`af} k w}kaeqqk( A}ïy`af: Eqqe wkq`a`khfoehyk ie`sf f Juqyf Afuqf ou`yk qumjey`rf. wkqq`m`n`yfhik f fmqknr`ìák ik }àu qeo cfre} w}kaeqqfoehyk. wk} eseownk. qe k ju`z ehyehie} qe} afqk ie mflfyenf( #Ne} k n`r}k Juqyf Afuqf Wehfn Akhqy`yua`khfn. ik fuyk} Nuïq Luqyfrk L}fhi`heyy` Afqyfhck ie Af}rfnck( Eqye N`r}k i`z if W}kwk}a`khfn`ifie re}quq f ]fzkfm`n`ifie)( / 2ª ak}}ehye: Nuïq Luqyfrk L}fhi`heyy` Afqyfhck ie Af}rfnck: Wf}f k L}fhi`heye. juqyf afuqf wehfn akhqy`yua`khfn à uo a}`yà}`k ie w}kwk}a`khfn`ifie e }fzkfm`n`ifie eo buhìák if Akhqy`yu`ìák #eqqf wf}ye ie qeu ehyehi`oehyk }eaeme a}ïy`afq wkq`y`rfq e yeo wkqq`m`n`ifie ie qe yk}hf} f wkq`ìák ofjk}`yæ}`f buyu}foehye)( Ofq. f qeluhif wf}ye ie qeu ehyehi`oehyk }eaeme a}ïy`afq helfy`rfq: F Akhqy`yu`ìák e k Lkre}hk i`qqe}fo f ykikq vue fq weqqkfq yêo i`}e`yk ç ok}fi`f e ç }ebk}of fl}æ}`f4 ehyák. qeluhik L}fhi`heyy`. fvuene vue eqyæ yehyfhik fnafhìf} k i`}e`yk ç }ebk}of fl}æ}`f hák iereo qe} wuh`ikq a}`o`hfnoehye. hák cfre}æ juqyf afuqf( Wk`q. eqqfq weqqkfq eqyf}`fo muqafhik uo i`}e`yk akhqy`yua`khfnoehye fqqelu}fik( L}fhi`heyye `hanu` hf juqyf afuqf f fhæn`qe qe f wehf a}`o`hfn muqafif fy}fràq ik w}kaeqqk à w}kwk}a`khfn ku }fzkæren wf}f vue ene afqk akha}eyk( VUEQYÁK: Qák akhi`ìõeq if Fìák Wehfn: f) @hye}eqqe ie Fl`}. Nel`y`o`ifie ie wf}yeq e Juqyf Afuqf4 m) @hye}eqqe ie Fl`}. Wkqq`m`n`ifie Ju}ïi`af ik Wei`ik e Juqyf Afuqf4 a) Nel`y`o`ifie ie Wf}yeq. Wkqq`m`n`ifie Ju}ïi`af ik Wei`ik e Juqyf Afuqf4 i) @hye}eqqe ie Fl`}. Nel`y`o`ifie ie Wf}yeq e Wkqq`m`n`ifie Ju}ïi`af ik Wei`ik( e) Juqyf Afuqf( ]eqwkqyf: Ney}f e( / @hakouh`afm`n`ifie ik W}eqk : [ Hk `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn. à wkqqïren f `hakouh`afm`n`ifie ik weqk; K `hvuà}`yk iere qe} q`l`nkqk; À `owkqqïren f `hakouh`afm`n`ifie ik w}eqk hk `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn( Eqqf à wkq`ìák ofjk}`yæ}`f. wk`q f Akhqy`yu`ìák Beie}fn ie 6033 reif f `hakouh`afm`n`ifie ik w}eqk hk Eqyfik ie heaeqq`ifie e hk Eqyfik ie qïy`k( Ehyák. à ehyehi`oehyk ofjk}`yæ}`k vue yfomào à reifif hk Eqyfik ieoka}æy`ak ie i`}e`yk( F wkq`ìák o`hk}`yæ}`f i`z vue à reifif f `hakouh`afm`n`ifie ik w}eqk fwehfq hk Eqyfik ie iebeqf e hk Eqyfik ie qïy`k. qehik we}o`y`if hk Eqyfik ieoka}æy`ak ie i`}e`yk( 27
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
]eqwkhiehik f qeluhif w}kwkq`ìák. k `hvuà}`yk hák iere qe} q`l`nkqk. ene wkie qe} q`l`nkqk( Ofq. k `hvuà}`yk wkie b`af} q`l`nkqk wf}f ykikq. `hanuq`re wf}f k firklfik ie iebeqf wf}f hák fy}fwfncf} fq `hreqy`lfìõeq. wk} eseownk. hk afqk if `hye}aewyfìák yenebùh`af. qehik vue k q`l`nk we}iu}f} f ehvufhyk bk} heaeqqæ}`k. hák cæ w}fzk ieye}o`hfik( K QYB i`z vue f wf}y`} ik okoehyk vue f kwe}fìák #es: `hye}aewyfìák yenebùh`af) à iebnfl}fif. k `hvuà}`yk ie`sf ie qe} q`l`nkqk wf}f k firklfik. hák wf}f ykikq qkoehye wf}f k firklfik( VUEQYÁK: Qkm}e k `hvuà}`yk of}vue f kwìák e}}fif: F) À wkqqïren f `hakouh`afm`n`ifie ik w}eqk4 E) K `hvuà}`yk iere qe} q`l`nkqk( * K afhi`ifyk iere eqyf} fyehyk ç ifyf e fk ehuha`fik if vueqyák. wk`q hák eqyák vue}ehik qfme} qkm}e f eseauìák wehfn( K vue eqyæ e}}fik hf vueqyák e k „iere‟ iere}`f qe} „wkie‟( K firklfik yeo faeqqk –ykyfn‐ fk `hvuà}`yk. oeqok qeo w}kau}fìák. wf}f fhfn`qf} qe rf` ku hák wfy}ka`hf} f afuqf( Eqyf e}f f fnye}hfy`rf oehkq e}}fif( K `hvuà}`yk à q`l`nkqk eo }enfìák fk firklfik vufhik ckure} `hb`ny}fìák wkn`a`fn ku `hye}aewyfìák yenebùh`af( *Qel}eik ie juqy`ìf hák fnafhìf firklfik. qeluhik `hbk}ofy`rk ik QYB( K firklfik rf` ye} faeqqk iewk`q vue f w}krf bk` aknc`if( #l}frfìák yenebùh`af)
/ W}fzk e F}vu`rfoehyk : Iæ/qe k F}vu`rfoehy F} vu`rfoehykk #Akhanuqák) qeow}e hkq a}`oeq ie Fìák Wehfn Wúmn`af( F fuyk}`ifie wkn`a`fn iere enfmk}f} uo }enfyñ}`k #weìf b`hfn ik `hvuà}`yk/ hk ehyfhyk eqyf à i`qwehqæren) ieqa}erehik fq w}kr`iêha`fq ykofifq e eqye qe}æ }eoey`ik fk Ju`z( Heqye. f fuyk}`ifie wkn`a`fn hák iere ofh`beqyf}/qe fae}af if w}krf aknc`if. wk`q fk OW `hauome f bk}ofìák if „Kw`h`k Ien`ay`‟( F}y( 6<( F fuyk}`ifie wkn`a`fn hák wkie}æ ofhif} f}vu`rf} fuykq ie `hvuà}`yk( K f}vu`rfoehyk ik @hvuà}`yk Wkn`a`fn à qeow}e ieye}o`hfik wenk Ju`z. eo }fzák ie wei`ik ik OW( #K Ju`z wkie f}vu`rf} ie kbïa`k. hkq a}`oeq e Fìák W}`rfif) F}y( 63( Iewk`q ie k}iehfik k f}vu`rfoehyk ik `hvuà}`yk wenf fuyk}`ifie jui`a`æ}`f. wk} bfnyf ie mfqe #`hqub`a`êha`f w}kmfyñ}`f) wf}f f iehúha`f. f fuyk}`ifie wkn`a`fn wkie}æ w}kaeie} f hkrfq weqvu`qfq. qe ie kuy}fq w}krfq y`re} hkyïa`f( Vuf`q qák fq }fzõeq ie F}vu`rfoehyk; #f}y(105.AWA/fq oeqofq ie }eje`ìák if iehúha`f+vue`sf) 6( Bk} ofh`beqyfoehye `hewyf4 =( Bfnyf} w}eqquwkqyk w}kaeqqufn ku akhi`ìák wf}f k ese}aïa`k if fìák wehfn 4 1( Bfnyf} juqyf afuqf wf}f k ese}aïa`k if fìák wehfn( Qe f}vu`rfik hák wkie}æ eomfqf} buyu}f Fìák Wehfn W}`rfif Qumq`i`æ}`f if Wúmn`af( Qe k Ju`z i`qak}if} ik wei`ik. iere}æ }eoeye} kq fuykq fk W}kau}fik} Le}fn ie Juqy`ìf: F}y( =3( Qe k ñ}lák ik O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak. fk `hràq ie fw}eqehyf} f iehúha`f. }evue}e} k f}vu`rfoehyk ik `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn ku ie vuf`qvue} weìfq vuf`qvue} weìfq ie `hbk}ofìák . k ju`z. hk afqk ie akhq`ie}f} `ow}kaeiehyeq fq }fzõeq `hrkafifq. bf}æ }eoeqqf ik `hvuà}`yk ku 26
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
weìfq ie `hbk}ofìák fk w}kau}fik}/le}fn. e eqye kbe}eae}æ f iehúha`f. ieq`lhf}æ kuy}k ñ}lák ik O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak wf}f kbe}eaê/nf. ku `hq`qy`}æ hk wei`ik ie f}vu`rfoehyk. fk vufn qñ ehyák eqyf}æ k ju`z km}`lfik f fyehie}( K W}kau}fik} Le}fn ie Juqy`ìf à k b`qafn fhùofnk ik „ W}`haïw`k if Km}`lfyk}`eifie ‟ if Fìák Wehfn(/eo afqk ie akoweyêha`f k}`l`hæ}`f eqye wkie f}vu`rf}. k AWW hák w}erê( K fyk jui`a`fn vue k}iehf k f}vu`rfoehyk à oe}k ieqwfack. wk}yfhyk `}}eak}}ïren. esaeyk hkq A}`oeq akhy}f f Eakhko`f Wkwunf}(
Kbe}eae} f iehúha`f + @hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn OW ‑ Ierknre f Ienelfa`f ie Wknïa`f ^ ]evue}e} f}vu`rfoehyk Qe k OW kbe}eae} f iehúha`f: ]eaeme + K JU@Z / ]eje`yf ^ Hák }eaeme Qe k OW }evue} f}vu`rfoehyk: Akhak}if #Ofhif f}vu`rf} k `hvuà}`yk / À fyk Akownesk. Qúounf 5=9. QYB) + K JU@Z ^ I`qak}if( #Vufhik k ju`z i`qak}if ik OW. iere}æ }eoeye} k `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn fk WLJ. f}y( =3 ik AWW ) ~ K WLJ wkie}æ: / kbe}eae f iehúha`f / ieq`lhf ku oeom}k ik OW wf}f kbe}eaê/nf / `hq`qye hk f}vu`rfoehyk
* K f}y(91 bk` }erklfik e qu}l`}fo ik`q hkrkq f}y`lkq 105 e 10<( Hk @hvuà}`yk if Wkn`a`fn Beie}fn. Ne` 5767+22. k w}fzk ie }eoeqqf ik `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn fk OW qe}æ: / 65 i`fq wf}f `hi`a`fik w}eqk wkiehik wkiehik qe} w}k}}klfik wk} of`q 65 i`fq4 / F ne` à q`nehye vufhyk fk `hi`a`fik qknyk( Ehyák. fwn`af/qe k w}fzk lehà}`ak ie 17 i`fq(
2=
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Ofq le}fnoehye weieo k w}fzk if Ne` ie yñs`akq. ne` 66191+72. k w}fzk ie }eoeqqf ik `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn fk OW qe}æ: / 17 i`fq qe k `hi`a`fik eqy`re} w}eqk4 / 07 i`fq qe k `hi`a`fik eqy`re} qknyk( Cfrehik esy}eof heaeqq`ifie. #qe w}eqk) k w}fzk wkie qe} iuwn`afik #27 i`fq ku 637 i`fq)( Akhanuïik k @hvuà}`yk. k oeqok `}æ wf}f fq oákq ik OW( K w}fzk wf}f k OW bk}of} f „kw`h`k ien`ay‟ #fhfn`qf} qe fq akhi`ìõeq if fìák eqyák w}eqehyeq e kbe}eae} f iehúha`f ku ierknre} ç ienelfa`f ku }evue}e} k f}vu`rfoehyk/ k w}fzk hák à wf}f kbe}eae} iehúha`f e q`o wf}f vue ene qe ofh`beqye) eqyæ w}eqehye hk f}y( 92 ik AWW / K w}fzk wf}f kbe}ea`oehyk if iehúha`f. eqyfhik k }àu w}eqk. qe}æ ie 5 i`fq. akhyfik if ifyf eo vue k ñ}lák ik O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak }eaeme} kq fuykq ik `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn. e ie 65 i`fq. qe k }àu eqy`re} qknyk ku fb`fhìfik( Hk úny`ok afqk. qe ckure} ierknuìák ik `hvuà}`yk ç fuyk}`ifie wkn`a`fn #f}y( 62). akhyf}/qe/æ k w}fzk if ifyf eo vue k ñ}lák ik O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak }eaeme} hkrfoehye kq fuykq( Uof w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye à uof w}`qák afuyenf}. vue iewehie ik fju`zfoehyk ik w}kaeqqk w}`ha`wfn hk w}fzk ieye}o`hfik( ieye}o`hfik( [ Vufn à k w}fzk oæs`ok ieqqf oei`if afuyenf}; Qák kq w}fzkq i`qwkqykq fhye}`k}oehye of`q k w}fzk vue k OW wkqqu` wf}f bk}of} f „kw`h`k ien`ay`‟: K w}fzk ykyfn à ie 67 $ 75 i`fq qe k `hi`a`fik eqy`re} w}eqk #hf Juqy`ìf Eqyfiufn)( Qe fk b`hfn ikq 65 i`fq f iehúha`f hák y`re} q`ik kbe}ea`if. f oei`if afuyenf} we}ie f eb`aæa`f. ako `qqk f w}`qák wfqqf f qe} `nelfn e iere qe} }enfsfif( If oeqof bk}of kak}}e ako f w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye hf Juqy`ìf Beie}fn: 65 $ 75 i`fq( Qe fk b`hfn ikq r`hye i`fq f iehúha`f hák y`re} q`ik kbe}ea`if. f oei`if afuyenf} we}ie f eb`aæa`f. wfqqfhik f w}`qák f qe} `nelfn. ierehik qe} }enfsfif( Qe k a}`oe eqy`re} w}er`qyk hf ne` ie i}klfq. k w}fzk oæs`ok if oei`if afuyenf} qe}æ ie 17 $ 67 i`fq #k OW. hf ne` ie yñs`ak. wkqqu` 67 i`fq wf}f bk}of} f „kw`h`k ien`ay‟ e hák 75 akok hk AWW)( Qe fk b`hfn ik w}fzk f iehúha`f hák y`re} q`ik kbe}ea`if. f oei`if afuyenf} we}ie f eb`aæa`f. wfqqfhik f w}`qák f qe} `nelfn. ierehik qe} }enfsfif( Fyehìák: Qkoehye hf w}krf if Iebehqk}`f Wúmn`af wkie qe} quqyehyfik vue k w}fzk oæs`ok if oei`if afuyenf} hk íom`yk eqyfiufn à ie 67 i`fq( Kmqe}rfìák: K w}fzk wf}f k OW bk}of} f „kw`h`k ien`ay‟ à akhyfik if ifyf eo vue k ñ}lák ik O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak }eaeme} kq fuykq ik `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn e hák if ifyf if }eoeqqf ik `hvuà}`yk wenk ienelfik ie wknïa`f( K OW yeo i`}e`yk f qe} `hy`ofik weqqkfnoehye(
21
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Ofq. cæ ehyehi`oehyk ju}`qw}uieha`fn vue eqqf `hy`ofìák weqqkfn qe akha}ey`zf vufhik f `hy`ofìák à ehy}elue hk lfm`heye ik w}kokyk} ie juqy`ìf. hák heaeqqf}`foehye hfq oákq iene( [ Vufn k w}fzk oæs`ok ik `hvuà}`yk qkm wehf ie akhqy}fhl`oehyk `nelfn. hf ne` ie yñs`akq; Wf}f cfre} akhqy}fhl`oehyk `nelfn. k quje`yk iere eqyf} w}eqk. wk}yfhyk. 27 i`fq #17 i`fq. wkiehik qe} iuwn`afik qe ckure} heaeqq`ifie)( Qe k OW ierknre k `hvuà}`yk ç ienelfa`f ie wknïa`f ku }evue}e} f}vu`rfoehyk. k }àu iere}æ qe} qknyk( / K „w}kmneof‟ if i`be}ehìf ehye ]EJE@ÌÁK e HÁK ]EAEM@OEHYK : Akhbk}oe k f}y( 91 ik AW #vue bk` }erklfik): „F iehúha`f ku vue`sf qe}æ }eje`yfif vufhik‟: @ / k bfyk hf}}fik er`iehyeoehye hák akhqy`yu`} a}`oe #f wfnfr}f a}`oe iere qe} ehyehi`if akok bfyk yïw`ak( K ju`z rf` }eje`yf} f iehúha`f qe f akhiuyf bk} fyïw`af)4 @@ / jæ eqy`re} esy`hyf f wuh`m`n`ifie. wenf w}eqa}`ìák ku kuy}f afuqf4 @@@ / bk} ofh`beqyf f `nel`y`o`ifie if wf}ye ku bfnyf} akhi`ìák es`l`if wenf ne` wf}f k ese}aïa`k if fìák wehfn #nel`y`o`ifie yfomào à akhi`ìák if fìák)( Eqye f}y`lk bfnf qkoehye eo }eje`ìák e k hák }eaem`oehyk qe}æ uof akhqy}uìák ju}`qw}uieha`fn( Hkq `ha`qkq. @ e @@. qe bfz ak`qf junlfif ofye}`fn. k ju`z hák wkie bfze} hkrf iehúha`f. vufhyk fk }eau}qk. cfr`f iúr`if qe qe}`f Fwenfìák( Hk `ha`qk. @@@. qe bfz ak`qf junlfif bk}of. e hkrf iehúha`f wkie qe} kbe}ea`if. vufhyk fk }eau}qk. hák cfr`f iúr`if eo qe} k ]eau}qk eo Qehy`ik Eqy}`yk( Ako hkrf ne`. }erklf/qe k f}y(91. e wfqqf/qe f uy`n`zf} uy`n`zf} ik`q hkrkq f}y`lkq: Eqvueof: ]eje`yf} #105) + Iehúha`f ku Vue`sf Ju`z Fmqknr`ìák Quoæ}`f ^ + ]eaeme} a`yf wf}f Iebeqf W}en`o`hf} #oà}`yk) ^ F@J F}y( 105( F iehúha`f ku vue`sf qe}æ }eje`yfif vufhik: @ ‑ bk} ofh`beqyfoehye `hewyf4 @@ ‑ bfnyf} w}eqquwkqyk w}eqq uwkqyk w}kaeqqufn ku akhi`ìák wf}f k ese}aïa`k if fìák wehfn4 ku @@@ ‑ bfnyf} juqyf afuqf wf}f k ese}aïa`k if fìák wehfn( F}y( 10<( Fwñq k auow}`oehyk ik i`qwkqyk hk f}y( 102/F. e wf}æl}fbkq. ieqye Añi`lk. k ju`z iere}æ fmqknre} quof}`foehye k fauqfik vufhik re}`b`af}: @ ‑ f es`qyêha`f ofh`beqyf ie afuqf esanuiehye if `n`a`yuie ik bfyk4
29
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
#10<)
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
@@ ‑ f es`qyêha`f ofh`beqyf ie afuqf esanuiehye if aunwfm`n`ifie ik flehye. qfnrk `h`owuyfm`n`ifie4 @@@ ‑ vue k bfyk hf}}fik er`iehyeoehye hák akhqy`yu` a}`oe4 ku @R‑ esy`hyf f wuh`m`n`ifie ik flehye (
F iúr`if à f qelu`hye: [ Rfokq akhy`huf} uqfhik qñ f }eje`ìák ku f akhqy}uìák ju}`qw}uieha`fn ik hák }eaem`oehyk; Wkie}æ fwf}eae} ifq iufq bk}ofq hf w}krf( K l}fhie w}kmneof. hf re}ifie. e}f k }eau}qk. } eau}qk. vue b`aku ieqyf bk}of: / Qe k ju`z fmqknre} wenkq `ha`qkq. `ha`qkq. @. @@ e @@@ ik f}y( 10< qe}æ Fwenfìák4 / Qe k ju`z fmqknre} wenk `ha`qk. @R ik f}y(10< qe}æ ]eau}qk eo Qehy`ik Eqy}`yk( [ Ofq e qe k Ju`z ie`sf} ie }eaeme} f iehúha`f. qe}æ }eje`ìák ku hák }eaem`oehyk; / F]VU@RFOEHYK: K f}vu`rfoehyk à fyk fio`h`qy}fy`rk akownesk.#fnluhq i`zeo vue à akowkqyk). wk`q k OW yeo vue bk}of} f -kw`h`k ien`ay`- e wei`} k f}vu`rfoehyk. k ju`z rf` b`qafn`zf} k W}`haïw`k if Km}`lfyk}`eifie. uof rez vue k ju`z fyuf fio`h`qy}fy`rfoehye. heqqf c`wñyeqe( F wf}y`a`wfìák ik ju`z à fio`h`qy}fy`rf e hák jui`a`fn( Eo }el}f. kq f}vu`rfoehykq f}vu`rfoehykq hák bfzeo ak`qf junlfif( Qúounf 5=9 Quw}eok : F}vu`rfik kq fuykq ik `hvuà}`yk wenk Ju`z f }evue}`oehyk ik OW hák wkie}æ f fìák wehfn qe} ese}a`if qeo hkrfq w}krfq( Hk ehyfhyk. k O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak Eqyfiufn ehyehie vue qe qu}l`}eo w}krfq hkrfq wkie}æ cfre} k ieqf}vu`rfoehyk ik `hvuà}`yk. fyà wk}vue fyk fio`h`qy}fy`rk hák bfz ak`qf junlfif. fakowfhcfhik f qúounf 5=9 ik QYB #wk}yfhyk. eo w}krf ie akhau}qk ik OW. eqqe wkq`a`khfoehyk iere qe} quqyehyfik)(Eqqf wkq`ìák e o`hk}`yæ}`f(F l}fhie of`k}`f if ikuy}`hf vufhik k ju`z akhak}if ako k f}vu`rfoehyk ako k OW( K f}vu`rfoehyk ako nfqy}efik hf fy`w`a`ifie if akhiuyf bfz ak`qf junlfif( Mfqefik hk 10
/ VUFHIK K JU@Z ]EOEYE K @HVUÀ]@YK FK WLJ: K WLJ wkie}æ: 6/ Kbe}eae} Iehúha`f( Iehúha`f(
25
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
=/ Ieq`lhf} kuy}k oeom}k ik OW wf}f kbe}eaê/nf ( K WLJ #w}kokyk} hfyu}fn wf}f f }ebk}of) ieq`lhf}æ kuy}k oeom}k ik OW f buhìák ie enfmk}f} f iehúha`f( Ofq. eqqe oeom}k ik OW yeo `hiewehiêha`f buha`khfn( Heqqe wkhyk qu}le f i`qauqqák: [ Qe}`f wkqqïren eqqe oeom}k ik OW qe `hqu}l`u akhy}f f iea`qák ik WLJ e f}vu`rf} k `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn; À ehyehi`oehyk ofjk}`yæ}`k vue `qqk hák à wkqqïren. wk`q eqqe oeom}k ik OW à uo -nkhlf ofhuq- ik WLJ #oe}k eseauyk} ik fyk ieye}o`hfik) ieye}o`hfik) e iere kbe}eae} f iehúha`f( A}ïy`af: K WLJ à uo ñ}lák okhka}æy`ak }ebk}ofhik iea`qák ie kuy}k ñ}lák okhka}æy`ak. k OW. vufhik k of`q ak}}eyk qe}`f uo Akhqenck ie W}kokyk}eq }ebk}ofhik eqqf iea`qák. fqq`o akok kak}}e hk O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak Beie}fn( Hk O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak Beie}fn. ykif rez vue k ju`z beie}fn i`qak}if} ik f}vu`rfoehyk. vueo iea`i`}æ à k Aknàl`k ie w}kau}fik}eq vue wkie}æ: /Akhak}if} ako k f}vu`rfoehyk4 f}vu`rfoehyk4 /Akhy`huf} f `hreqy`lfìák4 /Ehyehie} vue afqk à ie iehúha`f( Ehyák. k Aknàl`k ie w}kau}fik}eq ieq`lhf uo oeom}k ik O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak Beie}fn #uo -nkhlf ofhuq-) wf}f bfze} f iehúha`f( K f}y`lk =3 ik AWW akhy`huf qehik fwn`afik( Ofq. à uo f}y`lk vue r`knf f `owf}a`fn`ifie ik ju`z( F yehiêha`f à fbfqyf} k ju`z ieqqf fy`r`ifie e k w}ñw}`k OW }eoeye} fk WLJ k `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn. vufhik ehyehie} qe} afqk ie f}vu`rfoehyk( 1/ @hq`qye hk F}vu`rfoehyk F}vu`rfoehyk: @hq`qye hk f}vu`rfoehyk Ju`z f}vu`rfoehyk Qe k OW #k OW à vueo bk}of f -kw`h`k ien`ay`- e hák k ju`z) }evue}e} k f}vu`rfoehyk. k ju`z wkie}æ: / Akhak}if} ako k }evue}`oehyk } evue}`oehyk ik OW( #K `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn qe}æ f}vu`rfik)( / Qe k ju`z hák akhak}if} ako k }evue}`oehyk ie f}vu`rfoehyk be`yk wenk OW. akok ene hák eqyæ ese}aehik buhìák ju}`qi`a`khfn. fwehfq b`qafn`zf k w}`haïw`k if km}`lfyk}`eifie. ene qkoehye wkie}æ }eoeye} W}kau}fik} Le}fn ie Juqy`ìf #Juqy`ìf Eqyfiufn). f}y`lk =3 ik AWW( Qe k WLJ ehyehie} wenk f}vu`rfoehyk. k `hvuà}`yk qe}æ f}vu`rfik f`hif vue k ju`z hák ehyehif ieqqf bk}of. wk`q vueo bk}of f -kw`h`k ien`ay`- à k OW e hák k ju`z( Eqqe f}vu`rfoehyk à fyufìák fio`h`qy}fy`rf ik ju`z. hák bk}of ak`qf junlfif(
22
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Wkq`ìák ik OW eqyfiufn( Ofq. qe k OW wei`} k f}vu`rfoehyk eo buhìák ie esy`hìák ie wuh`m`n`ifie. ku wk}vue k bfyk à fyïw`ak e k ju`z ieye}o`hf k f}vu`rfoehyk #k ju`z eqyæ akhak}ifhik ako k OW). eqqe f}vu`rfoehyk bf}æ ak`qf junlfif( Kq fiewykq ieqqf ak}}ehye ehyehieo f`hif vue k f}vu`rfoehyk ik `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn ier`ik ç }eje`ìák if iehúha`f yfomào à fyk fio`h`qy}fy`rk vue bfz ak`qf junlfif bk}ofn K Eqyfik à vueo yeo k i`}e`yk ie wuh`}. wk`q ene à vueo yeo k `hye}eqqe ie fl`}( K Eqyfik qe bfz w}eqehye wenk OW. ku qejf. k OW }ew}eqehyf k Eqyfik. k OW à k w}ñw}`k Eqyfik( Ehyák. f nel`y`ofìák k}i`hæ}`f à k OW. wf}f kq a}`oeq ie fìák wehfn wúmn`af( Hfq fìõeq wehf`q w}`rfifq. f rïy`of yeo k i`}e`yk ie fl`}( Enf yeo nel`y`o`ifie ie fl`}. ofq k i`}e`yk ie wuh`} akhy`huf qehik ik Eqyfik( Ehyák. f rïy`of muqaf k i`}e`yk ie wuh`} eo hkoe ik Eqyfik( Akhanu`/qe. wk}yfhyk. vue k kbehi`ik ye}æ f nel`y`ofìák esy}fk}i`hæ}`f. hfq fìõeq wehf`q w}`rfifq( Fyehìák: k w}fzk wf}f k OW bk}of} f „kw`h`k ien`ay‟ à akhyfik if ifyf eo vue k ñ}lák ik O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak }eaeme} kq fuykq ik `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn e hák if ifyf if }eoeqqf ik `hvuà}`yk wenk ienelfik ie wknïa`f( / IEQF]VU@RFOEHYK+ F]VU@RFOEHYK @OWNÏA@YK: @OWNÏA@YK: /Ieqf}vu`rfoehyk: Bk}ofnoehye hkrf #huhaf bk` w}kiuz`if. ofq hák y}fz hfif i`qy`hyk ik vue jæ bk` ehakhy}fik) + Hkrf W}krf ^ Qumqyfha`fnoehye hkrf #akhyeúik hkrk) F}y(63. AWW: Hkyïa`f ie Hkrf W}krf #yeah`afoehye Ieqf}vu`rfoehyk) Ieqf}vu`rfoehyk) S Qúounf 5=9 Quw}eok : F}vu`rfik kq fuykq ik `hvuà}`yk wenk Ju`z f }evue}`oehyk ik OW hák wkie}æ f fìák wehfn qe} ese}a`if qeo hkrfq w}krfq(
*C`wñyeqe 76 Kak}}eu f}vu`rfoehyk ie uo `hvuà}`yk ie cko`aïi`k( Fwñq fnluhq fhkq uof weqqkf n`lf wf}f ienelfa`f e `hbk}of fk ienelfik vue wkqqu` `hbk}ofìõeq ik afqk( Ako eqqf `hbk}ofìák f weqqkf eqyf ifhik hkyïa`f ie hkrf w}krf #F}y`lk 63AWW)( K ienelfik iere ofhif} ieqf}vu`rf} wf}f qe `hbk}of} ik afqk e qfme} k vue we}luhyf}( Ou`yfq rezeq f `hbk}ofìák vue f weqqkf rf` bk}heae} hák e hfif hkrk. ofq oeqok fqq`o k `hvuà}`yk qe}æ ieqf}vu`rfik( 2<
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
K Ieqf}vu`rfoehyk à fyk fio`h`qy}fy`rk q`owneq( K ienelfik }ew}eqehyf wenk ieqf}vu`rfoehyk. ofq. f Iea`qák à ik W}kau}fik} Le}fn
*C`wñyeqe 7= Hk oeqok eseownk fa`of f rïy`of fb`}of vue hák r`u k `hb}fyk}. ofq qkoehye f oák iene( Fb`}of vue f oák iene y`hcf uof yfyufleo( Heqye afqk yeo akhyeúik hkrk. ofq hák k qub`a`ehye wf}f iehuha`f}( Cæ we}o`qq`rk wf}f f akhy`hu`ifie ik @hvuà}`yk( *C`wñyeqe 71 R` k `hb}fyk} hák akhceìk k `hi`rïiuk. `hi`rïiuk. ofq wkqqk bfze} uo }ey}fyk bfnfik( F`hif hák e qub`a`ehye wf}f f Iehúha`f( Cæ we}o`qq`rk wf}f f akhy`hu`ifie ik @hvuà}`yk( *C`wñyeqe 79 F rïy`of acelf f ienelfa`f e bfnf vueo bk` k `hb}fyk}( Qe eqqf weqqkf fk `hràq ie akowf}eae} f ienelfa`f y`reqqe akowf}ea`ik fk OW wkie}`f qñ fy}fràq ik iewk`oehyk kbe}eae} iehuha`f `hiewehiehye ik ieqf}vu`rfoehyk( K iewk`oehyk y}æq ykifq fq `hbk}ofìõeq qub`a`ehyeq wf}f iehúha`f( F b`hfn`ifie ik ieqf}vu`rfoehyk à if} w}kqqelu`oehyk eo qeie wkn`a`fn(
/F}vu`rfoehyk `ownïa`yk+ f}vu`rfoehyk `hi`}eyk : Eseownk 6:
@hvuà}`yk Wkn`a`fn #Jkqà/f}y`lk 11. Ne` 66191+72‑Yñs`akq/ e f}y`lk 6· ne` ==5=+59)
/ Jkqà w}eqk eo bnfl}fhye #b`acf n`owf. =9 fhkq) / Jkák yfomào eqyfrf ako Jkqà à oehk}( / Jkqà à iehuha`fik iehuha`fik wk} ik`q a}`oeq #y}æb`ak e ak}}uwìák ie oehk}eq) / Yehiêha`f ie iehúha`f fwehfq wenk y}æb`ak. ofq cæ `hqyfu}fìák ie ik`q `hvuà}`ykq( Iehúha`f Jkqà Qñ eo }enfìák fk a}`oe 11. if Ne` ie Yñs`akq Ju`z ]eaeme f iehúha`f hf bk}of ik f}y`lk 11 ne` yñs`akq Heqye eseownk. Jkqà bk` w}eqk eo bnfl}fhye ien`yk fakowfhcfik ie Jkqà. oehk} #6< fhkq)( Hk okoehyk vue k ienelfik iere fhfn`qf} fwehfq f y`w`a`ifie bk}ofn( K ienelfik nfr}f fuyk ie w}`qák wk} y}æb`ak ie ehyk}weaehyeq e ak}}uwìák ie oehk}eq( K OW iere}`f ye} eqa}`yk vue eo }enfìák fk a}`oe ie ak}}uwìák ie oehk}eq }evue}eu k 23
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
f}vu`rfoehyk( K l}fhie w}kmneof e vue ene hák qe ofh`beqyf eo }enfìák fk qeluhik a}`oe( K ju`z heqye afqk yfomào fyuku `own`a`yfoehye. wk`q wkie}`f ye} }eoey`ik fk w}kau}fik} le}fn( K OW à }el`ik wenk W}`haïw`k if Km}`lfyk}`eifie e heqye afqk cæ q`yufìák ie `hqelu}fhìf ju}ïi`af( Wf}f }eqknre} eqyf `hqelu}fhìf iere/qe akhq`ie}f} vue kak}}e k F}vu`rfoehyk @ownïa`yk Kmjey`rk #eo }enfìák fkq bfykq)( b fykq)(
Eseownk =:
@hvuà}`yk Wkn`a`fn #`hi`a`fikq #`hi`a`fikq Jkqà e Jkák. a}`oe S) Iehuha`f fwehfq Jkqà ]eaem`if f iehúha`f hf bk}of kbe}ea`if #Fwehfq Jkqà)(
Heqye eseownk qák ik`q `hi`a`fikq. ofq f iehúha`f bk` w}kbe}`if qkoehye eo }enfìák f uo( Eo }enfìák fk kuy}k k OW hák qe ofh`beqyf( K OW hák wei`u hkrfq i`n`lêha`fq heo }evue}eu k f}vu`rfoehyk( ]eaemeu f iehúha`f qkoehye eo }enfìák f Jkqà( Vufhik }eaemeu f iehúha`f Jkqà e }àu. e eo }enfìák cæ Jkák; Hák ckure f}vu`rfoehyk. heo hkrfq i`n`lêha`fq( Ene eqyæ eo uof ehk}oe q`yufìák ie `hqelu}fhìf ju}ïi`af( Akhq`ie}f/qe vue heqye afqk ckure uo F}vu`rfoehyk F}vu`rfoe hyk @ownïa`yk Qumjey`rk #eo }enfìák ç weqqkf) eo }enfìák fk Jkák( Wkq`ìák
O`hk}`yæ}`f: Es`qye k F}vu`rfoehyk F}vu`rfoehyk @ownïa`yk hkq eseownkq. eseownkq. }ey}ka`yfikq( Wkq`ìák Ofjk}`yæ}`f: Ofjk}`yæ}`f : Hák es`qye F}vu`rfoehyk @ownïa`yk. wk`q r`knf f heaeqq`ifie ie buhifoehyfìák ifq iea`qõeq(
Wkq`ìõeq f qe} iebehi`if hfq w}krfq: /Ofl`qy}fyu}f e OW ? hák cæ f}vu`rfoehyk `ownïa`yk /Iebehqk}`f ? iebehie} k f}vu`rfoehyk. f}vu`rfoehyk. wk`q bfrk}eae fk }àu( VUEQYÁK: [ F akhqy}uìák ju}`qw}uieha`fn ju}`qw} uieha`fn vue akhqfl}ku k F}vu`rfoehyk @hi`}eyk à: ; Qák fwehfq ik`q fañ}iákq. fhye}`k}eq f Akhqy`yu`ìák ie 33. uo ieneq à k akhbn`yk ie akoweyêha`f akoweyêha`f húoe}k 6=. AF 6=. QYB. k kuy}k à uo CA( @W O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak Beie}fn #a}`oe eqyfiufn) Ju`z akhak}if O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak Eqyfiufn #a}`oe beie}fn) Ju`z Eqyfiufn akhak}if QYB ? F]VU@RF @W O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak Beie}fn #a}`oe eqyfiufn) Ju`z i`qak}if WL] #f}y(=3. AWW) O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak Eqyfiufn #a}`oe beie}fn) Iehúha`f Ju`z CA QYB ? Y}fhaf f Fìák Wehfn #F}vu`rfoehyk @hi`}eyk) 20
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
6ª wkq`ìák: WL] ? OW Beie}fn =ª wkq`ìák: Akhbn`yk ie fy}`mu`ìõeq ehy}e Uh`ák e Eqyfik ? QYB 1 ª wkq`ìák /Ofjk}`yæ}`f/: /Ofjk}`yæ}`f/: ? Akhbn`yk R`}yufn ie ie Akoweyêha`fq Akoweyêha`fq F) `hye}w}eyfìák esyehq`rf f}y`lk =3 M) `hye}w}eyfìák }eqy}`y`rf f}y`lk =3 A) `hye}w}eyfìák fhfnñl`af ik f}y`lk =3 I) `hyel}fìák fhfnñl`af ]eqwkqyf : @hyel}fìák fhfnñl`af( #Vueqyák ie ce}oehêuy`af)(
/W}`haïw`kq ifq Fìõeq Wehf`q: Fìák Wehfn Wúmn`af Fìák Wehfn W}`rfif W}`haïw`k if Kb`a`fn`ifie ///////////////////// W}`haïw`k if Km}`lfyk}`eifie Km}`lfyk} `eifie W}`haïw`k if Kwk}yuh`ifie Kwk}yuh`i fie ku Akhreh`êha`f W}`haïw`k if @hi`qwkh`m`n`ifie @hi`qwkh`m`n`i fie W}`haïw`k if I`qwkh`m`n`ifie I`qwkh`m`n`ifi e W}`haïw`k if @hi`r`q`m`n`ifie @hi`r`q`m`n`i fie W}`haïw`k if @hi`r`q`m`n`ifie @hi`r`q`m `n`ifie Fìák Wehfn W}`rfif Qumq`i`æ}`f if Wúmn`af ( Hf Fìák Wehfn Wúmn`af. r`lk}f k W}`haïw`k if Kb`a`fn`ifie( K OW #Eqyfik) eqyf}æ w}eqehye eo Juïzk hk ese}aïa`k if i`}e`yk ie fìák( Hf fìák wehfn w}`rfif. hák cæ uo w}`haïw`k ak}}enfyk f eqqe( F Fìák Wehfn Wúmn`af à km}`lfyñ}`f. vufhik w}eqehyeq fq akhi`ìõeq if fìák k OW yeo vue kbe}eae} f iehúha`f #W}`haïw`k if Km}`lfyk}`eifie)( Km}`lfyk}`eifie)( F rïy`of wkie& F úh`af c`wñyeqe eo vue k OW wkie}æ ie`sf} ie kbe}eae} f iehúha`f qe}æ hf bfnyf ifq akhi`ìõeq if fìák( F akhqevþêha`f ik W}`haïw`k if Km}`lfyk}`eifie à k W}`haïw`k if @hi`qwkh`m`n`ifie. uof rez kbe}ea`if iehúha`f k OW hák wkie ieq`qy`}( Hk ehyfhyk ene à auqykq nel`q. oky`rk wenk vufn ene wkie `hanuq`re qe ofh`beqyf} wenf fmqknr`ìák ik }àu. hfq fnelfìõeq b`hf`q #ofq. k ju`z wkie}æ akhiehf} eo r`}yuie ik w}`haïw`k if `hi`qwkh`m`n`ifie)( F Fìák Wehfn W}`rfif à `hi`r`qïren( F rïy`of. vufhik kbe}eae f vue`sf wf}f uo `hb}fyk} iere kbe}eae} akhy}f ykikq kq ieof`q( Qe enf qfme if es`qyêha`f ie ykikq eneq. ofq kbe}eae vue`sf qkoehye eo }enfìák f uo. kak}}e}æ f }ehúha`f eo }enfìák f ykikq. e qe}æ esy`hyf f wuh`m`n`ifie( / ]EHÚHA@F: Fyk w}à/w}kaeqqufn #Fhyeq if @hqyfu}fìák ik W}kaeqqk) •
<7
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Fyk uh`nfye}fn Wkie qe} esw}eqqk ku yæa`yk F rïy`of wkie ie`sf} ie kbe}eae} vue`sf b`afhik `he}ye Hf Fìák Wehfn W}`rfif r`lk}f k W}`haïw`k if I`qwkh`m`n`ifie( Wkie}æ f rïy`of i`qwk} if w}eyehqák fy}fràq ik+e yfomào: WE]IÁK: / Fyk m`nfye}fn Wkie qe}: !Esw}eqqk #Jui`a`fn ku Esy}fjui`a`fn) ku !Yæa`yk: Wkie qe} w}krfik wk} vufnvue} oe`k ie w}krf( • •
F}y( 5<( F }ehúha`f yæa`yf e k we}iák yæa`yk fio`y`}ák ykikq kq oe`kq ie w}krf( F}y( 53( Akhaei`ik #ne`f/qe kbe}ea`ik) k we}iák. oei`fhye ieanf}fìák esw}eqqf hkq fuykq. k vue}enfik qe}æ `hy`ofik f i`ze}. iehy}k ie y}êq i`fq. qe k fae`yf. ierehik. fk oeqok yeowk. qe} a`ehy`b`afik ie vue k qeu q`nêha`k `owk}yf}æ fae`yfìák( Wf}æl}fbk úh`ak( Fae`yk k we}iák. k ju`z junlf}æ esy`hyf f wuh`m`n`ifie( Au`ifik& K fae`ye à yæa`yk. k we}iák à esw}eqqk(
WE]EOWÌÁK: / Fyk uh`nfye}fn Kq ebe`ykq if ]ehúha`f. We}iák e We}eowìák yêo akok akhqevuêha`f f esy`hìák ik w}kaeqqk( F}y( 26( Eo vufnvue} bfqe ik w}kaeqqk. k ju`z. qe }eakhceae} esy`hyf f wuh`m`n`ifie. iere}æ ieanf}æ/nk ie kbïa`k( Wf}æl}fbk úh`ak( Hk afqk ie }evue}`oehyk ik O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak. ik vue}enfhye ku ik }àu. k ju`z ofhif}æ fuyuæ/nk eo fwf}yfik. kur`}æ f wf}ye akhy}æ}`f e. qe k junlf} akhreh`ehye. akhaeie}æ akhaeie}æ k w}fzk ie a`hak i`fq wf}f f w}krf. w}kbe}`hik f iea`qák iehy}k ie a`hak i`fq ku }eqe}rfhik/qe wf}f fw}ea`f} f ofyà}`f hf qehyehìf b`hfn(
<6
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
AKOWEYÊHA@F HK W]KAEQQK WEHFN Funf 70 e 67 ‑ I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn #62 e 6 79/=770) W}kbeqqk} ‑ Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf Okh`yk}f: Faæa`f N`of B`lue`}f Vufhik qe y}fyf ie Akoweyêha`f iere}eokq fhfn`qf}: 6( Akoweyêha`f ]fy`khe ofye}`fe / Fmqknuyf4 =( Akoweyêha`f ]fy`khe nka` / ]enfy`rf #wk}yfhyk. w}k}}klæren)( [ Hk W}kaeqqk Wehfn cæ i`be}ehìf ehy}e f akoweyêha`f Fmqknuyf e ]enfy`rf; F i`be}ehìf qe iæ wenf wkqq`m`n`ifie wkqq`m`n`ifie ie w}k}}klfìák( w} k}}klfìák( Es`qye uof o`y`lfìák if i`be}ehìf. wk`q k Ju`z à `haehy`rfik f iean`hf} f akoweyêha`f ie kb`a`k( Fif Wenel}`h` iebehie vue hák cæ eqqf i`be}ehìf. wk`q k ju`z à eqy`ounfik f iean`hf} if akoweyêha`f f`hif vue qejf f Akoweyêha`f Ye}}`yk}`fn. y}fi`a`khfnoehye }enfy`rf( 1( Akoweyêha`f ]fy`khe we}qkhe ‑ Fmqknuyf( Ck}`zkhyfn: fhfn`qf f akoweyêha`f wk} w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák( Re}y`afn: fhfn`qf k ñ}lák junlfik}( K f}y`lk of`q `owk}yfhye eo ofyà}`f ie akoweyêha`f à k f}y( 20 ik AWW: F}y( 20( Ieye}o`hf}æ f akoweyêha`f ju}`qi`a`khfn: @ / k nulf} if `hb}fìák: @@ / k iko`aïn`k ku }eq`iêha`f ik }àu4 @@@ / f hfyu}ezf if `hb}fìák4 @R / f i`qy}`mu`ìák4 R / f akhesák ku akhy`hêha`f4 R@ / f w}erehìák4 R@@ / f w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák( À heaeqqæ}`k uy`n`zf} kq i`qwkq`y`rkq ik Añi`lk hf k}ieo ak}}eyf ( / Kq `ha`qkq @ f @R ik f}y( 20 ik AWW qák a}`yà}`kq b`sfik}eq ie akoweyêha`f( Eqqeq qák kq a}`yà}`kq vue b`sfo f akoweyêha`f( W}`oe`}foehye. wf}f eqyfmeneae} akoweyêha`f. iereo qe} fhfn`qfikq kq a}`yà}`kq b`sfik}eq. hák iere qe} fhfn`qfik hehcuo kuy}k i`qwkq`y`rk ik Añi`lk( F k}ieo w}eqehye hk f}y( 20 iere qe} qelu`if qeow}e( F w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák à f úny`of ak`qf f qe} fw}ea`fif( / Kq `ha`qkq R f R@@ ik f}y( 20 ik AWW qák a}`yà}`kq oki`b`yfy`rkq ku oki`b`afik}eq ie akoweyêha`f( Eqqeq a}`yà}`kq vue oki`b`afo f akoweyêha`f qñ qe}ák re}`b`afikq fwñq f fhæn`qe ikq a}`yà}`kq b`sfik}eq ie akoweyêha`f( akoweyêha`f(
<=
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Wf}f qfme} vufn à k nkafn ik a}`oe e f akoweyêha`f. w}`oe`}k iere/qe bfze} f `iehy`b`afìák ik a}`oe w}fy`afik( Iere qe} fhfn`qfik a}`oe wk} a}`oe wf}f wkie} b`sf} f akoweyêha`f. qelu`hik f k}ieo w}eqehye hk f}y`lk 20 ik AWW( Ou`yfq rezeq f i`b`aunifie vue qe yeo wf}f b`sf} f akoweyêha`f à wk} hák qfme} vufn à k a}`oe e akok kak}}e quf akhquofìák( Iere/qe re}`b`af} qe cæ akhesák e akhy`hêha`f ( Fwñq. re}`b`af} qe cæ fnluo ju`z w}erehyk. ku qejf. re}`b`af} f w}erehìák( Wk} úny`ok. re}`b`af/qe f w}eqehìf ie w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák( Qe k }àu e}f Ju`z ie I`}e`yk. ene wkqqu` w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák e f akoweyêha`f qe}æ oki`b`afif wf}f k Y}`muhfn ie Juqy`ìf( * Iko`aïn`k ku }eq`iêha`f ik }àu : K iko`aïn`k ik }àu à esaeìák. f}y( 20. @@. AWW( Qñ qe}æ uy`n`zfik k iko`aïn`k ik }àu akok b`sfik} ie akoweyêha`f eo iufq c`wñyeqeq: 6/ Vufhik hák qe qfme vufn à k nulf} if `hb}fìák #nulf} ieqakhcea`ik. es: uo ak}wk re`k }knfhik e wf}ku çq of}lehq ik }`k ik ouh`aïw`k „S‟( Hák qe qfme khie vue k cko`aïi`k kak}}eu)4 =/ A}`oe ie fìák wehfn w}`rfif: f rïy`of fk kbe}eae} f vue`sf yeo bk}k ie ene`ìák. enf wkie eqaknce} ehy}e k nulf} if `hb}fìák ku iko`aïn`k ik }àu wf}f b`sf} f akoweyêha`f( Le}fnoehye. f rïy`of eqaknce k nulf} if `hb}fìák. wk`q næ eqyák fq w}krfq( * Nulf} if `hb}fìák : À k w}`oe`}k a}`yà}`k b`sfik} ie akoweyêha`f f qe} re}`b`afik. wk`q à f }el}f: „F akoweyêha`f qe}æ. ie }el}f. ieye}o`hfif wenk nulf} eo vue qe akhquof} f `hb}fìák. ku. hk afqk ie yehyfy`rf. yehyfy`rf. wenk nulf} eo vue bk} w}fy`afik k úny`ok fyk ie eseauìák‟. f}y( <7 ik AWW( Ehyák. f w}`oe`}f c`wñyeqe à ie a}`oeq ofye}`f`q. wk`q k f}y( <7 qe }ebe}e fkq a}`oeq akhquofikq e fkq a}`oeq yehyfikq( / Hk a}`oe akhquofik : F }el}f à k nkafn if akhquofìák ik a}`oe( Eqqf }el}f à akhqfl}fif wenf esw}eqqák eo nfy`o „nkauq ako`qq` ien`ay`‟( / Hk a}`oe yehyfik : K nulf} if `hb}fìák qe}æ ieb`h`ik wenk nkafn ik úny`ok fyk ie eseauìák( Ofq. es`qyeo iufq okifn`ifieq ie a}`oeq akhquofikq : · Wnu}`nkaf`q: À uo a}`oe vue wkqqu` f fìák ku ko`qqák eo uo nkafn e }equnyfik eo nkafn i`qy`hyk( K l}fhie w}kmneof à k a}`oe ie cko`aïi`k. wk`q ie fak}ik ako f ne`. f akoweyêha`f qe}æ ieb`h`if wenk nkafn if akhquofìák ik a}`oe( Ehyák. qe k `hb}fyk} fy`}f hf rïy`of eo MC e enf à nerfif wf}f uo ckqw`yfn eo M}fqïn`f e næ enf bfneae( Qu}le uo l}fhie
<1
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
w}kmneof. wk`q f akoweyêha`f qe}`f ie M}fqïn`f. uof rez vue bk` næ vue k a}`oe qe akhquoku( Ofq fq w}krfq eqyák ykifq eo MC. esaeyk k nfuik ie esfoe afifrà}`ak. ehyák ykik k w}kaeqqk ak}}e}`f wk} oe`k ie w}eafyñ}`f( / Ie fak}ik ako k QYJ : Hf c`wñyeqe ie a}`oeq wnu}`nkaf`q. iere}`f qe} fikyfif f Yek}`f Wehfn if Um`vþ`ifie. `qyk à. k nkafn ik a}`oe wkie qe} k nkafn if fìák ku k nkafn ik }equnyfik( K QYJ i`z vue k of`q fievufik qe}`f k nkafn ik }equnyfik. wk`q næ eqyák fq w}krfq e. wk}yfhyk. qe}`f oenck} wf}f k ese}aïa`k ik akhy}fi`yñ}`k. akhy}fi`yñ}`k. if fownf iebeqf. eakhko`f w}kaeqqufn( w}kaeqqufn( Fqq`o. wf}f k QYJ f akoweyêha`f qe}æ ieb`h`if wenf w}erehìák ehy}e k nkafn if fìák ku ik }equnyfik( / Hk ehyfhyk. k QYB : I`z vue k wkq`a`khfoehyk ik QYJ à akhy}f f ne`. wk`q akoweyêha`f à ofyà}`f w}kaeqqufn e hák wehfn( Ehyák. hák wkie}`fo qe} fikyfifq fq }el}fq ik Añi`lk Wehfn. ofq yák qkoehye fq }el}fq ik Añi`lk ie W}kaeqqk Wehfn( Qehik vue. ie fak}ik ako k AWW. f akoweyêha`f qe}æ ik nkafn if akhquofìák ik a}`oe( Ehyák. wf}f k QYB f akoweyêha`f à „nkauq ako`qq` ien`ay`‟ #k nkafn if akhquofìák ik ien`yk)( Eo w}krf. qe hák bk} vueqy`khfif eqqf i`re}lêha`f. iere}æ qe} i`yk vue f akoweyêha`f à „nkauq ako`qq` ien`ay`‟. fikyfhik. wk}yfhyk. f n`hcf ik QYB( F ofyà}`f ie akoweyêha`f à ie ofyà}`f w}kaeqqufn e hák wehfn( Ofq. kq fiewykq ik wkq`a`khfoehyk ik QYJ i`zeo vue vufhik f i`re}lêha`f eqyæ ehy}e k Añi`lk Wehfn #f}y`lk 2· nkafn fìák ku }equnyfik) e k Añi`lk ie W}kaeqqk Wehfn. f i`qauqqák hák i`z }eqwe`yk fk QYB. ofq qkoehye fk QYJ. wk`q f Akhqy`yu`ìák hák eqyæ ehrknr`if( Fnào i`qqk. i`zeo vue. akhbk}oe k f}y( <7 ik AWW. „eo }el}f‟ f akoweyêha`f qe}æ ieb`h`if wenk nkafn if akhquofìák ik a}`oe e qe à „ eo }el}f‟ à wk}vue es`qye esaeìák( F akoweyêha`f eo }fzák ik nulf} à }enfy`rf. hfif `oweie vue qe w}k}}klue( Ehy}e fq iufq wkq`ìõeq rehae k QYJ( · Ç i`qyíha`f : A}`oe ç i`qyíha`f à fvuene vue yere k `hïa`k ikq fykq ie eseauìák wuhïre`q iehy}k ik ye}}`yñ}`k hfa`khfn. ofq k }equnyfik iere}`f ye} kak}}`ik bk}f ik ye}}`yñ}`k hfa`khfn. es: Es: „F‟ e „M‟ qfakne`}fq vue qe i`}`l`}fo fk Wf}fluf` wf}f akow}fq( Eo uof ieqfrehìf „F‟ieqbe}e bfafifq eo „M‟ vue afomfnefhik acelf fk kuy}k nfik if wkhye( F Akoweyêha`f qe}æ if Juqy`ìf Beie}fn. wk`q. f ne` i`z vue f akoweyêha`f qe}æ ieb`h`if wenk nkafn ik úny`ok fyk ie eseauìák iehy}k ik ye}}`yñ}`k hfa`khfn( Ehyák. qe bkqqe. wk} eseownk. uof af}yf mkomf. f akoweyêha`f qe}`f ik nkafn khie f af}yf bk` wkqyfif( K a}`oe ç i`qyíha`f à uo a}`oe wnu}`nkafn. wnu}`nkafn. wk}ào. ako f weaun`f}`ifie weaun`f}`ifie ik eqy}fhle`}k( 8 A}`oeq bk}of`q: F akoweyêha`f qe}æ b`sfif wenk nkafn vue kak}}eu f fìák e }equnyfik( <9
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
8 A}`oeq We}ofhehyeq: F akoweyêha`f qe}æ b`sfif wk} w}erehìák( 8 A}`oeq Akhy`hufikq: F akoweyêha`f qe}æ b`sfif wk} w}erehìák( Hk `hqyfhye à a}`oe e afme w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye( 8 A}`oeq cfm`yuf`q: F akoweyêha`f qe}æ b`sfif wk} w}erehìák ku wenk nkafn ik a}`oe( Hkq a}`oeq cfm`yuf`q. f akhiuyf `qknfif hák à a}`oe. qñ qe}æ a}`oe qe ckure} w}æy`af }e`ye}fif if oeqof akhiuyf( Es: Ofhye} afqf ie w}kqy`yu`ìák( Qe uo i`f fwehfq ckure} k buha`khfoehyk ik nulf}. hák qe}æ a}`oe( Ofq qe f afqf akoeìf} f buha`khf} qeow}e. rf` qe yk}hf} a}`oe cfm`yufn( Kuy}k eseownk ie a}`oe cfm`yufn à k au}fhie`}`qok( K au}fhie`}k hák b`af hk oeqok nulf} ene we}ak}}e i`re}qkq afo`hckq( Kuy}k a}`oe cfm`yufn vue yfomào fnye}f k nkafn à k ese}aïa`k `nelfn if oei`a`hf( Wf}f hák qe} ieqakme}yk hák akqyuof b`af} ou`yk yeowk( F akoweyêha`f e b`sfif wenf w}erehìák( K a}`oe cfm`yufn hák à wfqqïren ie bnfl}fhye. eqqe à k wkq`a`khfoehyk ofjk}`yæ}`k( Fvuenf akhiuyf hk okoehyk ik bnfl}fhye hák à a}`oe( K a}`oe qe ofye}`fn`zf ako f cfm`yufn`ifie( K QYB fb`}of vue afme w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye hk ese}aïa`k `nelfn if oei`a`hf( Eqqf wkq`ìák à akm}fif eo w}krf( Eqqe bnfl}fhye e wkqqïren wk}vue ou`yfq rezeq k oài`ak rf` ye} k A]O bfnqk. b`acf ie wfa`ehyeq. flehif ako ck}æ}`kq vue qák akhq`ie}fifq w}krfq vue akow}krfo f cfm`yufn`ifie( F`hif vue eqqfq w}krfq hák es`qy`qqeo wkie}`f qe} w}eqk wenk bfnqk( 8 Nkafn e Ye}}`yñ}`k `hae}yk : f akoweyêha`f qe}æ b`sfif wenf w}erehìák( A}`oeq ie `hbk}oæy`af hák es`qyeo. hák cæ hehcuof y`w`b`afìák ie a}`oeq ie `hbk}oæy`af( „Hák cæ a}`oe qeo ne` fhye}`k} vue k ieb`hf‟( K vue wkie es`qy`} à k bu}yk oei`fhye b}fuie w}fy`afik wenf @hye}hey #wk} eseownk. bu}yf} i`hce`}k if akhyf mfhaæ}`f ie fnluào fy}fràq if @hye}hey. uy`n`zfhik uof qehcf ankhfif). aujf akoweyêha`f qe}æ ik nulf} eo vue qe akhquof} f `hb}fìák #iere qe} re}`b`afik vufhik qe akhquof k a}`oe ie bu}yk: vufhik k `hi`rïiuk yeo f wkqqe ofhqf e wfaïb`af ku vufhik f „}eq‟ qf` if eqbe}f ie r`l`níha`f if rïy`of)( Wk}yfhyk. akhq`ie}fhik vue k i`hce`}k qf`u if eqbe}f ie r`l`níha`f if rïy`of vufhik bk` }ey`}fik if akhyf mfhaæ}`f. f akoweyêha`f wf}f k a}`oe qe}æ ik nkafn khie qe q`yuf} f flêha`f mfhaæ}`f. hf vufn f rïy`of wkqquïf f akhyf( Qe k nkafn ik a}`oe à `hae}yk. k a}`yà}`k f qe} uy`n`zfik à ik nulf} if `hb}fìák #e hák k iko`aïn`k ik }àu). wk`q k nkafn if `hb}fìák à akhcea`ik. ofq à `hae}yk( Wk} eseownk. k a}`oe bk` w}fy`afik hf i`r`qf ie iufq a`ifieq e hák qe qfme k n`o`ye ae}yk( Ehyák. f akoweyêha`f qe}æ b`sfif wk} w}erehìák. ku qejf. f fuyk}`ifie wkn`a`fn vue w}`oe`}foehye ykof} akhcea`oehyk ik bfyk qe}æ f fuyk}`ifie akoweyehye(
<5
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Wf}f qe} k Ju`z Akoweyehye iere/qe ye} fq 1 eqwàa`eq ie akoweyêha`fq #Akoweyêha`f Ïhyel}f)( K ñ}lák ju}`qi`a`khfn akoweyehye hák iere qe} akoweyehye fwehfq eo buhìák ik nulf}( F akoweyêha`f qñ eqyf}æ w}eqehye wk} wf}ye ie ieye}o`hfik ñ}lák ju}`qi`a`khfn qe ckure} f fhæn`qe if akoweyêha`f eo }fzák if ofyà}`f. eo }fzák ik nulf} e eo }fzák if weqqkf #}fy`khe ofye}`fe. }fy`khe nka` e }fy`khe we}qkhfe)( F akoweyêha`f „}fy`khfe we}qkhfe‟ yeo vue qe} fhfn`qfif qkm ik`q fqweaykq i`qy`hykq: f) Akoweyêha`f Re}y`afn ku Akoweyêha`f Buha`khfn : Hf akoweyêha`f buha`khfn k vue à fw}ea`fik à qe k ofl`qy}fik yeo akoweyêha`f wf}f fyuf} hk be`yk( Es: K Ieqeomf}lfik} qñ fyuf hk y}`muhfn. hák fyuf eo 6ª `hqyíha`f. wk`q ene hák yeo akoweyêha`f re}y`afn #buha`khfn) wf}f junlf} hf 6ª `hqyíha`f( m) Akoweyêha`f Ck}`zkhyfn ku Akoweyêha`f wk} W}e}}klfy`rf ie Buhìák : ]el}f le}fn iere/qe fhfn`qf} vueo eqyæ eo wkq`ìák quwe}`k} fk fauqfik wf}f eqyfmeneae} f akoweyêha`f wk} w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák( Eseownkq ie fnluhq fauqfikq ako w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák: + QYB ^ Iewuyfikq Beie}f`q e Qehfik}eq ~ W}eq`iehye if ]ewúmn`af e O`h`qy}kq QYJ ^ ~ Lkre}hfik} #eseauy`rk) / Ieqeomf}lfik} Ieqeomf}lfik} #jui`a`æ}`k) YJ ~ ^ Ju`z W}ebe`yk / Iewuyfik eqyfiufn #qe ckure} w}e}}klfy`rf w}er`qyf hf Akhqy`yu`ìák Eqyfiufn)/8 YJ / Qea}eyæ}`kq eqyfiuf`q #qe ckure} w}e}}klfy`rf w}er`qyf hf Akhqy`yu`ìák Eqyfiufn)/8 YJ / Re}efik} #qe ckure} w}e}}klfy`rf w}er`qyf hf Akhqy`yu`ìák Eqyfiufn)/8 Eqyfiufn)/8 YJ / O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak eqyfiufn /8 YJ #OWB à i`be}ehye) / Akhqence`}k Ouh`a`wfn ik Y}`muhfn ie Akhyfq /8 QYJ / O`h`qy}k ie Eqyfik #}àu) /8 QYB Fyehìák& F Akhqy`yu`ìák Beie}fn hák fy}`mu` w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák wf}f Iewuyfik eqyfiufn. Qea}eyæ}`kq eqyfiuf`q e Re}efik}eq( Ehyák. iere fw}ea`f} k vue w}erê f Akhqy`yu`ìák Eqyfiufn. wk`q enf wkie akhbe}`} w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák f eqqeq af}lkq( Wf}f vue `qqk kak}}f. iereo qe} fw}ea`fikq ik`q a}`yà}`kq: 6/ Qe es`qye q`oey}`f. ku qejf. qe f buhìák ese}a`if wenk `hi`rïiuk à uof buhìák q`oày}`af f uof buhìák vue wkqqu` w}e}}klfy`rf w}er`qyf hf Akhqy`yu`ìák Beie}fn. es: k Iewuyfik eqyfiufn ese}ae uof buhìák q`oày}`af fk Iewuyfik beie}fn( Kmq: K af}lk ie ienelfik ie wknïa`f hák wkqqu` af}lk q`oày}`ak w}er`qyk akhqy`yua`khfnoehye. wk} `qqk à `hakhqy`yua`khfn akhbe}`} w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák f ene(
<2
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
K Qea}eyæ}`k ie Eqyfik e k Iewuyfik eqyfiufn iere}`fo qe} junlfikq wenk QYJ. wk} q`oey}`f( Ofq. f Akhqy`yu`ìák Eqyfiufn vue w}erê eqqf akoweyêha`f e qeu n`o`ye à k Y}`muhfn ie Juqy`ìf ik Eqyfik( Wk} `qqk. vufhik f Akhqy`yu`ìák Eqyfiufn w}erê w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák wf}f eqqeq af}lkq. qe}æ wf}f k YJ( =/ Qúounf <=6 ik QYB #eqqe wkq`a`khfoehyk qeow}e es`qy`u): hák akhy}f}`eifie ç Akhqy`yu`ìák Beie}fn. à uof vueqyák ie c`e}f}vu`f ie hk}ofq( Qe f Akhqy`yu`ìák Beie}fn eqyfmeneaeu. hk qeu f}y( 5º. vue k Y}`muhfn ik Jú}` à k akoweyehye wf}f junlf} a}`oeq iknkqkq akhy}f f r`if. f Akhqy`yu`ìák Eqyfiufn hák wkie}æ akhbe}`} w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák wf}f uo af}lk vue f`hif hák wkqqu` e }ey`}f} f akoweyêha`f ik Y}`muhfn ik Jú}` wfqqfhik wf}f k Eqyfik. wk} eseownk. akhbe}`hik fk Y}`muhfn ie Juqy`ìf akoweyêha`f wf}f junlf} a}`oeq iknkqkq akhy}f f r`if w}fy`afikq wenk Qea}eyæ}`k ie Eqyfik( @qqk qe}`f `hakhqy`yua`khfn. `hakhqy`yua`khfn. eqyf}`f akhy}f}`fhik akhy}f}`fhik k f}y( 52º if A]+33( ]eaehyeoehye. f ju}`qw}uiêha`f yeo ehyehi`ik vue Iebehqk} wúmn`ak #iebehqk} wúmn`ak akok `hqy`yu`ìák e hák akok iebehqk} ify`rk) wkie ye} w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák qe f Akhqy`yu`ìák Eqyfiufn nce akhbe}`}( Fyà wkuak yeowk `qqk e}f akhq`ie}fik `hakhqy`yua`khfn. wk`q hák cæ hehcuo kuy}k af}lk if iebehqk}`f wúmn`af vuewkqqu` w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák #Iebehqk}`f wúmn`af if Uh`ák hák wkqqu` w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák)( Ehyák. eomk}f hák es`qyf w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák w}er`qyf hf Akhqy`yu`ìák wf}f f iebehqk}`f wúmn`af. k ehyehi`oehyk }eaehye à ie vue enf iere }eaeme} k oeqok y}fyfoehyk ie `hiewehiêha`f. fuykhko`f vue wkqqu` k OW e akok ene wkqqu` w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák f iebehqk}`f yfomào iere}`f ye}( F w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák vue k Qea}eyæ}`k ie Eqyfik e k Iebehqk} wúmn`ak wkqqueo vufhik w}er`qyf hf Akhqy`yu`ìák Eqyfiufn hák fm}fhle kq a}`oeq iknkqkq akhy}f f r`if. wk}yfhyk. eneq akhy`hufo qehik junlfikq wenk Y}`muhfn ik Jú}`. wk`q f Akhqy`yu`ìák ik Eqyfik hák qe qkm}ewõe ç Akhqy`yu`ìák Beie}fn( Hk ehyfhyk. qkm}e k af}lk ie Iewuyfikq eqyfiuf`q es`qye i`re}lêha`f: Es`qye k wkq`a`khfoehyk vue iebehie vue k f}y`lk =< if A]+33 akhbe}e ykifq fq `ouh`ifieq e w}e}}klfy`rfq ie lf}fhy`fq vue qák fy}`muïifq fkq Iewuyfikq beie}f`q fkq Iewuyfikq eqyfiuf`q( Ehyák. es`qyeo fañ}iákq `hanuq`re hkq Y}`muhf`q Quwe}`k}eq i`zehik vue kq Iewuyfikq eqyfiuf`q ye}`fo }eaem`ik `own`a`yfoehye if Akhqy`yu`ìák Beie}fn f w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák. ako mfqe hk f}y( =< if A]+33( F Akhqy`yu`ìák Beie}fn qñ hák ye}`f i`yk wf}f khie qe}`f eqqf w}e}}klfy`rf e afme}`f ç Akhqy`yu`ìák Eqyfiufn ieb`h`}( Wf}f vueo iebehie eqqe wkq`a`khfoehyk. kq Iewuyfikq eqyfiuf`q hák we}ie}`fo f w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák hkq a}`oeq iknkqkq akhy}f f r`if e hák qe}`fo junlfikq wenk Y}`muhfn ik Jú}`( Ofq. es`qye kuy}k wkq`a`khfoehyk iebehiehik vue kq Iewuyfikq eqyfiuf`q hák wkqqueo f w}e}}klfy`rf w}er`qyf hf Akhqy`yu`ìák Beie}fn( Ehyák. oeqok vufhik f Akhqy`yu`ìák Eqyfiufn w}er`} f w}e}}klfy`rf ie buhìák. kq a}`oeq akhy}f f r`if akhy`huf}`fo qehik junlfikq wenk Y}`muhfn ik Jú}`. fakowfhcfhik f qúounf <=6 ik QYB( I`fhye if w}eqehìf ieqqf qúounf. à of`q w}uiehye fikyf} eqqe wkq`a`khfoehyk( <<
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
/ AKHESÁK e AKHY@HÊHA@F : Akhesák : F}y( <2( F akoweyêha`f qe}æ ieye}o`hfif wenf akhesák: Akhesák Qumjey`rf ku @hye}qumjey`rf : / Wk} Q`ounyfhe`ifie : @ ‑ qe. kak}}ehik iufq ku of`q `hb}fìõeq. ckure}eo q`ik w}fy`afifq. fk oeqok yeowk. wk} ræ}`fq weqqkfq }euh`ifq.((( / Wk} Akhau}qk ku Akhau}qfn : ((( ku wk} ræ}`fq weqqkfq eo akhau}qk. eomk}f i`re}qk k yeowk e k nulf}.((( / Wk} ]ea`w}ka`ifie : ((( ku wk} ræ}`fq weqqkfq. uofq akhy}f fq kuy}fq 4 Akhesák Kmjey`rf ku Ofye}`fn : #kaunyfìák fyfaf f ofye}`fn`ifie) @@ ‑ qe. hk oeqok afqk. ckure}eo q`ik uofq w}fy`afifq wf}f bfa`n`yf} ku kaunyf} fq kuy}fq.((( Akhesák Nñl`af ku Yeneknñl`af : #`owuh`ifie fyfaf f fuyk}`f) ((( ku wf}f akhqelu`} `owuh`ifie ku rfhyfleo eo }enfìák f vufnvue} ienfq4 Akhesák W}kmfyñ}`f. W}kaeqqufn ku @hqy}uoehyfn : @@@ ‑ vufhik f w}krf ie uof `hb}fìák ku ie vufnvue} ie qufq a`}auhqyíha`fq eneoehyf}eq `hbnu`} hf w}krf ie kuy}f `hb}fìák (
Iufq ku of`q `hb}fìõeq ako k oeqok hesk afuqfn Qumqy`yu`ìák if wehf ¬ 5· K ju`z. hák qehik l}freq fq neqõeq. wkie f`hif qumqy`yu`} f wehf ie ieyehìák wenf ie ounyf. ie iuzehykq o`n }à`q f ik`q akhykq ie }à`q: @ / qe kak}}e vufnvue} ifq c`wñyeqeq ik wf}æl}fbk fhye}`k}4 @@ / qe fq neqõeq qák }eaïw}kafq( À AKHESÁK. wk`q. `iehy`b`af/qe vueo à k fuyk} e f rïy`of ie ieye}o`hfif akhiuyf. e afif uo }eqwkhie wk} quf akhiuyf( Akhy`hêha`f : F}y( <<( F akoweyêha`f qe}æ ieye}o`hfif wenf akhy`hêha`f vufhik: @ ‑ iufq ku of`q weqqkfq bk}eo fauqfifq wenf oeqof `hb}fìák4
@@ ‑ hk afqk ie `hb}fìák akoey`if hfq akhi`ìõeq w}er`qyfq hkq f}y`lkq 56. ¬ 6º. 51. qeluhif wf}ye. e 59 ik Añi`lk Wehfn(
<3
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Uof `hb}fìák ku uof ko`qqák ako wnu}fn`ifie ie fauqfikq ku ie }equnyfikq ]`sf F}y( 61< / Wf}y`a`wf} ie }`sf. qfnrk wf}f qewf}f} kq akhyehik}eq: Wehf / ieyehìák. ie vu`hze i`fq f ik`q oeqeq. ku ounyf( À AKHY@HÊHA@F. wk`q. hák `iehy`b`af vueo à k fuyk} e f rïy`of(
F}y( <3( Hf ieye}o`hfìák if akoweyêha`f wk} akhesák ku akhy`hêha`f. qe}ák kmqe}rfifq fq qelu`hyeq }el}fq: @ ‑ hk akhau}qk ehy}e f akoweyêha`f ik jú}` e f ie kuy}k ñ}lák if ju}`qi`ìák akouo. w}erfneae}æ f akoweyêha`f ik jú}`4 @@ ‑ hk akhau}qk ie ju}`qi`ìõeq if oeqof afyelk}`f: f) w}ewkhie}f}æ f ik nulf} if `hb}fìák. `hb }fìák. ç vufn bk} ako`hfif f wehf of`q l}fre4 m) w}erfneae}æ f ik nulf} eo vue ckure} kak}}`ik k of`k} húoe}k ie `hb}fìõeq. qe fq }eqweay`rfq wehfq bk}eo ie `lufn l}fr`ifie4 a) b`}of}/qe/æ f akoweyêha`f wenf w}erehìák. hkq kuy}kq afqkq4 @@@ ‑ hk akhau}qk ie ju}`qi`ìõeq ie i`re}qfq afyelk}`fq. w}eiko`hf}æ f ie of`k} l}fiufìák4 @R ‑ hk akhau}qk ehy}e f ju}`qi`ìák akouo e f eqwea`fn. e qwea`fn. w}erfneae}æ eqyf(
<0
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
W]@QÁK Funf 66 ‑ I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn W}kaeqq ufn Wehfn #=2/72/=770) W}kbeqqk} ‑ Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf Okh`yk}f: Faæa`f N`of B`lue`}f W}`qák afuyenf} : „fhyeq w}kaeqqk w}`ha`wfn‟ oei`if afuyenf} w}kaeqqk afuyenf} Af}faye}ïqy`afq: Faeqqk}`eifie4 / @hqy}uoehyfn`ifie c`wkyày`af #`oweie k `hi`rïiuk vue bk` w}eqk iu}fhye k w}kaeqqk e fk b`hfn fmqknr`ik w}kaeqqe k Eqyfik).4 / W}kr`qk}`eifie: W}kr`qk}`eifie: / W}erehy`r`ifie: Lf}fhy`f if k}ieo wúmn`af. f wkqq`m`n`ifie if w}æy`af ie uo hkrk a}`oe( / Ckoklehe`ifie( /
]evu`q`ykq: / Nel`y`o`ifie4 / W}eqquwkqykq: Buouq mkh` `u}`q #buouq ako`qq` ien`ay): W}krf if ofye}`fn`ifie ik a}`oe $ `hiïa`kq ie fuyk}`f ‑ eo qehy`ik fownk. fuyk}`f e wf}y`a`wfìák We}`aunuo `h ok}f #we}`aunuo n`me}yfy`q): : We}`lk ie vue k }àu ku k `hreqy`lfik w}ejui`vue f `hreqy`lfìák. f `hqy}uìák a}`o`hfn ku f bulf. bfzehik ako vue k w}kaeqqk hák qejf ebey`rk( Iereo es`qy`} fomkq kq w}eqquwkqykq wf}f vue hák qe b`}f b `}f k „W}`haïw`k if W}equhìák ie @hkaêha`f‟( / Nelfn`ifie( Vueqyõeq: [ K vue à Ckoklehe`ifie ifq Afuyenf}eq; [ I`qak}}f qkm}e k W}`haïw`k if W}kwk}a`khfn`ifie e fq W}`qõeq Afuyenf}eq:
37
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Qeluhik Aíhi`ik ]fhlen I`hfof}ak. k AWW k f}y`lk 161. @@ à wkqqïren w}`qák w}erehy`rf ieqie vue qejfo a}`oeq iknkqkq wuh`ikq ako ieyehìák. e yfomào ieqie vue cfjf w}krf vue k }àu e rfi`k ku vue hák bk}heae eneoehykq qkm}e quf `iehy`ifie( Akhbk}oe wkq`ìák ofjk}`yæ}`f f esw}eqqák „rfi`fleo‟ à ræn`if( F w}`qák w}erehy`rf qñ iere qe} iea}eyfif qe ckure} quqwe`yfq vue k `hi`rïiuk rf` bul`}( Fqq`o iere eqyf} mfqefif hf ne` wehfn( Wkq`ìák o`hk}`yæ}`f be}e W}equhìák ie @hkaêha`f( ]fhlen fb`}of vue hk a}`oe wuh`ik ako ieyehìák hák qe}`f of`q wkqqïren kak}}e} w}`qák w}erehy`rf( Kq a}`oeq wuh`ikq ako ieyehìák yeo wehf oæs`of `hbe}`k} f 9 fhkq( Akok f wehf oæs`of e `hbe}`k} f 94 f`hif vue k `hi`rïiuk qejf akhiehfik ene bf}æ juq f qumqy`yu`ìák if wehf wenf }eqy}`y`rf ie i`}e`yk( K a}`oe w}fy`afik qeo r`knêha`f e qeo fhyeaeiêha`f bfz juq }eqy}`y`rf ie i`}e`yk( K }fa`kaïh`k qe mfqe`f hk qelu`hye: qe akhiehfik hák rf` auow}`} wehf eo n`me}ifie hák wkiehik fqq`o qkb}e}. iu}fhye k w}kaeqqk. uof wehfn`ifie of`q l}frkqf if vufn kak}}e}`f fk qeu b`hfn( Eqyf}`f ako uo esaeqqk ie wehf vue hák e we}o`y`ik hk i`}e`yk m}fq`ne`}k( K k}iehfoehyk ju}ïi`ak e uo qñ #ckoklêh`ak)( K vue k `hi`rïiuk hák wkie qkb}e} iu}fhye k w}kaeqqk wehf quwe}`k} f vue }eaeme}`f qe akhiehfik bkqqe( Fqq`o hák wkie}`f b`af} w}eqk iu}fhye k w}kaeqqk( #Wkq`ìák f qe} iebehi`if eo Iebehqk}`f Wúmn`af)( Kuy}f ak}}ehye iebehie vue f w}ñw}`f ne` lf}fhye wehf w}`rfy`rf ie n`me}ifie fqq`o afme}`f w}erehy`rf4 hák wkie}`f qe k w}ñw}`k a}`oe mæq`ak hák fuyk}`zfqqe( #es: a}`oe vue y`reqqe akok wuh`ìák qkoehye ounyf)( F wehf akhy`huf qehik f oeqof qñ wkiehik qe} qumqy`yuïif ehvufhyk bk} auow}`if „i`}e`y`hck‟( K ]fhlen ieu k hkoe ie Ckoklehe`ifie fk W}`haïw`k if W}kwk}a`khfn`ifie. wk`q k k}iehfoehyk à úh`ak( / Eqwàa`eq ie W}`qák Afuyenf} : W]@QÁK EO BNFL]FHYE :
Anfqq`b`afìák ifq W}`qõeq eo Bnfl}fhye Nelf`q: F}y(176: [ Vueo wkie e vueo iere w}ehie}; Bfaunyfy`rk F}y( 176( Vufnvue} ik wkrk wkie}æ ((( w}ehie} vueo vue} vue qejf ehakhy}fik eo bnfl}fhye ien`yk ( Ake}a`y`rk (((„fq fuyk}`ifieq wkn`a`f`q e qeuq flehyeq iere}ák w}ehie} vueo vue} vue qejf ehakhy}fik eo bnfl}fhye ien`yk‟( F}y( 176( Vufnvue} ik wkrk wkie}æ e fq fuyk}`ifieq wkn`a`f`q e qeuq flehyeq iere}ák w}ehie} vueo vue} vue qejf ehakhy}fik eo bnfl}fhye ien`yk( 36
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
F}y(17=: W}ñw}`k ku }efn @ow}ñw}`k W}equo`ik
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
[ Vufhik w}ehie};
F}y( 17=( Akhq`ie}f/qe eo bnfl}fhye ien`yk vueo: vueo: 6) Bnfl}fhye W}ñw}`k ku ]efn : @ / eqyæ akoeyehik f `hb}fìák wehfn4 #bfqe ie eseauìák hk „ `ye} a}`o`h`q‟) @@ / fafmf ie akoeyê/nf4 Fvu` yeo vue ye} ae}yezf r`qufn( „Ae}yezf r`qufn‟ à re} k `hb}fyk} hf aehf ik a}`oe. hák q`lh`b`af rê/nk w}fy`afhik k a}`oe. akok ie we}aeme hk `ha`qk @@( =) Bnfl}fhye @ow}ñw}`k ku Vufqe/Bnfl}fhye Vufqe/Bnfl}fhye: @@@ / à we}qelu`ik. nklk fwñq. #okoehyk ehy}e f w}æy`af ik a}`oe e k `hïa`k if we}qelu`ìák ‑ à wkqqïren vue f w}`qák qe w}knkhlue. e akhy`huf}æ qehik bnfl}fhye qe f we}qelu`ìák bk} `h`hye}}uwyf. eqqf we}qelu`ìák iere ye} `hbk}ofìõeq e akhyfyk r`qufn) wenf fuyk}`ifie. wenk kbehi`ik ku wk} vufnvue} weqqkf. eo q`yufìák vue bfìf w}equo`} qe} fuyk} if `hb}fìák4 Vueqyák yeowk}fn : „Nklk fwñq‟ Fyà = f 9 ck}fq( #Hák rfne&&&&&&&&& Rf` iewehie} ik afqk akha}eyk() Eneoehyk Rkn`y`rk : F rkhyfie ie we}qelu`} ifvuene vue vue} eseauyf} f w}`qák( F we}qelu`ìák iere qe} `h`hye}}uwyf `h`hye}}uwyf #hák wkie qe} `hye}}kow`if)( K akhae`yk ie we}qelu`ìák eqyæ hk F}y(=07. ¬6º. AW: ¬ 6º Ehyehie}/qe/æ vue k eseauyk} rf` eo we}qelu`ìák ik }àu. vufhik: f) yehik/k fr`qyfik. bk} we}qelu`hik/k qeo `hye}}uwìák. eomk}f iewk`q k yehcf we}i`ik ie r`qyf4 m) qfmehik. wk} `hiïa`kq ku `hbk}ofìõeq b`iei`lhfq. vue k }àu yehcf wfqqfik. cæ wkuak yeowk. eo yfn ku vufn i`}eìák. wenk nulf} eo vue k w}kau}e. bk} hk qeu ehafnìk( Eneoehyk Bæy`ak( Bæy`ak ( 1) Bnfl}fhye W}equo`ik : @R / à ehakhy}fik. nklk iewk`q .#fvu` ene hák à we}qelu`ik. e q`o ehakhy}fik. e „nklk iewk`q‟ à uof esw}eqqák vue we}o`ye uo `hye}rfnk ie yeowk of`k}) ako `hqy}uoehykq. f}ofq. kmjeykq ku wfwà`q vue bfìfo w}equo`} qe} ene fuyk} if `hb}fìák( „Nklk iewk`q‟ Fyà 1 f 2 ck}fq(#Hák rfne&&&&&&&& Rf` iewehie} ik afqk akha}eyk() Eneoehyk Bæy`ak4 Eneoehyk Yeowk}fn( Yeowk}fn(
3=
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
Hák eqyák hf Ne`: / Bnfl}fhye Bk}jfik : Fvu` vue o bk` w}eqk hák bez hfif( E vueo k w}ehieu akoeyeu wenk oehkq uo a}`oe: Iehuha`fìák Afnuh`kqf( À w}krf `nïa`yf # e w}krf `nïa`y `nïa`yff wk} ie}`rfìák)( À @NELFN. wk`q eo re}ifie. hák cæ a}`oe( A}`f/qe uo bfyk a}`o`hkqk wf}f vue k quje`yk qejf w}eqk eo bnfl}fhye( / Bnfl}fhye Eqwe}fik : À NELFN( Vufhik qe qfme vue k a}`oe rf` fakhyeae} e eqwe}f/qe. fvu` hák cæ `hye}be}êha`f `hye}be}êha`f hk „@ye} A}`o`h`q‟( / Bnfl}fhye W}ewf}fik ku W}krkafik W}krkafik #Qúounf 695. QYB): Qúounf 695: Es`qyêha`f ik A}`oe / W}ewf}fìák ik Bnfl}fhye wenf Wknïa`f vue Yk}hf f Akhquofìák @owkqqïren Hák cæ a}`oe. vufhik f w}ewf}fìák ik bnfl}fhye wenf wknïa`f yk}hf `owkqqïren f quf akhquofìák( Vufhik cæ `hye}be}êha`f hk „@ye} A}`o`h`q‟. wk} eseownk. y`}f} f mfnf ik }erñnre}. y}kaf} k rehehk wk} qumqyíha`f qumqyíha`f `hkbehq`rf( Eqye bnfl}fhye à @NELFN. wk`q k A}`oe à @hes`qyehye&&&&&& F Akhquofìák Akhquofìák à @owkqqïren. ofq hák à c`wñyeqe ie A}`oe @owkqqïren( Vueqyák: Uo akoe}a`fhye eqyæ ieqakhb`fik ie qeuq buha`khæ}`kq wk}vue oe}afik}`fq eqyák ieqfwf}eaehik ik eqykvue( Akouh`af e weie fusïn`k ç wknïa`f e wkn`a`f`q we}ofheaeo ç wf`qfhf hk nkafn( Eo ieye}o`hfik okoehyk. k akoe}a`fhye acfof uof i qufq buha`khæ}`fq e ieye}o`hf vue enf ræ fyà k eqykvue muqaf} ae}yf oe}afik}`f. næ acelfhik f okìf qumy}f` kuy}fq e kq wkn`a`f`q nce iák rkz ie w}`qák( [ K bnfl}fhye à; W]EWF]FIK / Bnfl}fhye ]eyf}ifik ku I`be}`ik #Ne` 0719+05 e 66191+72): #Bnfl}fhye ]eyf}ifik. Wkqye}lfik. W}k}}klfik. I`be}`ik. Fìák Akhy}knfif. ku @hb`ny}fìák Wkn`a`fn): Wf}f kq A}`oeq ie K}lfh`zfìák A}`o`hkqf e Fhy`i}klfq(#Ne`q 0719+05/ f}y(=º. @@ e 66(191+72/ f}y(51) F}y( =º( Eo vufnvue} bfqe if we}qeauìák a}`o`hfn qák we}o`y`ikq. qeo w}ejuïzk ikq jæ w}er`qykq eo ne`. kq qelu`hyeq w}kaei`oehykq ie `hreqy`lfìák e if bk}ofìák ie w}krfq: @@/ f fìák akhy}knfif. vue akhq`qye eo }eyf}if} f `hye}i`ìák wkn`a`fn ik vue qe quwõe fìák w}fy`afif wk} k}lfh`zfìõeq a}`o`hkqfq ku f enf r`haunfik. ieqie vue ofhy`if qkm kmqe}rfìák e fakowfhcfoehyk wf}f vue f oei`if nelfn qe akha}ey`ze 31
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
hk okoehyk of`q eb`afz eb`afz ik wkhyk ie r`qyf r`qyf if bk}ofìák ie w}krfq w}krfq e bk}hea`oehyk ie @hbk}ofìõeq4 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /// F}y( 51( Eo vufnvue} vufnvue} bfqe if we}qeauìák a}`o`hfn a}`o`hfn }enfy`rf fkq fkq a}`oeq w}er`qykq heqyf Ne`. qák we}o`y`ikq. fnào ikq w}er`qykq eo ne`. oei`fhye fuyk}`zfìák jui`a`fn e kur`ik k O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak. kq qelu`hyeq w}kaei`oehykq w} kaei`oehykq `hreqy`lfyñ}`kq: @ / f `hb`ny}fìák `hb`ny} fìák wk} flehyeq ie wknïa`f. eo yf}ebfq ie `hreqy`lfìák. akhqy`yuïif wenkq ñ}lákq eqwea`fn`zfikq we}y`hehyeq4 @@ / f hák/fyufìák wkn`a`fn qkm}e kq wk}yfik}eq ie i}klfq. qeuq w}eau}qk}eq vuïo`akq ku kuy}kq w}kiuykq uy`n`zfikq eo quf w}kiuìák. vue qe ehakhy}eo hk ye}}`yñ}`k m}fq`ne`}k. ako f b`hfn`ifie ie `iehy`b`af} e }eqwkhqfm`n`zf} of`k} húoe}k ie `hyel}fhyeq ie kwe}fìõeq ie y}æb`ak e i`qy}`mu`ìák. qeo w}ejuïzk if fìák wehfn afmïren( Wf}æl}fbk úh`ak( úh`ak( Hf c`wñyeqe c`wñyeqe ik `ha`qk @@ ieqye ieqye f}y`lk. f fuyk}`zfìák fuyk}`zfìák qe}æ akhaei`if ieqie vue qejfo akhcea`ikq k `y`he}æ}`k w}kræren e f `iehy`b`afìák ikq flehyeq ik ien`yk ku ie aknfmk}fik}eq( Fvu`. eqwe}f/qe k oenck} okoehyk. uof rez vue k bnfl}fhye jæ wkie fakhyeae}( Ofhyào/qe uof „Fìák Akhy}knfif‟. wf}f `hfbfqyf} k fakhyea`oehyk fakhyea`oehyk ik a}`oe( Wf}f kak}}e} eqqf w}`qák à heaeqqæ}`f k}ieo jui`a`fn. #wk`q qe wkie}`f ye} y`ik uof w}erf}`afìák) e yfomào f wf}y`a`wfìák ik O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak . qeo `qqk. hák cfre}æ f w}`qák eo bnfl}fhye. hk ehyfhyk. qe akhqelu`} w}krf} k okh`yk}foehyk. qeo eqqfq c`wñyeqeq. k vue à ou`yk i`bïa`n. wkie}æ kak}}e}(
/ W}`qák eo bnfl}fhye bfaunyfy`rf+ake}a`y`rf: Qe i`be}eo wenf Esanuiehye ie `n`a`yuie vue `ha`ie hf c`wñyeqe W]@QÁK W]EREHY@RF: F}y( 166( Eo vufnvue} bfqe ik `hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn ku if `hqy}uìák a}`o`hfn. afme}æ f w}`qák w}erehy`rf iea}eyfif wenk ju`z. ie kbïa`k . f }evue}`oehyk ik O`h`qyà}`k Wúmn`ak. ku ik vue}enfhye. ku oei`fhye }ew}eqehyfìák if fuyk}`ifie wkn`a`fn( Nel`y`o`ifie ie Kbïa`k Ie kbïa`k + @hvuà}`yk Wkn`a`fn ‑ Oei`fhye ]ew}eqehyfìák if Fuyk}`ifie Wkn`a`fn + ^ Ju`z F ]evue}`oehyk ik OW ku Vue}enfhye ^ Fìák Wehfn / Ie kbïa`k / Oei`fhye ]ew}eqehyfìák if Fuyk}`ifie Wkn`a`fn 39
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
/ F ]evue}`oehyk ik OW ku Vue}enfhye 6[ Reifif f W}`qák w}erehy`rf eo qeie ie @hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn4 =[ Reifif f W}`qák w}erehy`rf eo qeie ie @hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn ie kbïa`k4 1[ Ofjk}`yæ}`f: Wkqq`m`n`ifie ie k Ju`z iea}eyf} f W}`qák w}erehy`rf ie kbïa`k hk @hvuà}`yk wkn`a`fn( #Wkie} ie Afuyenf)( Wf}f qe ye} f W}`qák W}erehy`rf à heaeqqæ}`f f fauounfìák ieqqfq 1 c`wñyeqeq f qelu`}: Akhi`ìõeq ie Fio`qq`m`n`ifie ]evu`q`ykq ku Buhifoehykq / NELFN@IFIE W}eqquwkqykq F}y( 161( Eo vufnvue} ifq F}y( 16=((( vufhik F}y( 16=( F w}`qák w}erehy`rf a`}auhqyíha`fq. w}er`qyfq hk ckure} w}krf if wkie}æ qe} iea}eyfif akok: f}y`lk fhye}`k}. qe}æ fio`y`if f es`qyêha`f ik a}`oe lf}fhy`f if k}ieo wúmn`af. if iea}eyfìák if w}`qák w}erehy`rf e `hiïa`k qub`a`ehye k}ieo eakhùo`af. wk} hkq a}`oeq iknkqkq: if fuyk}`f( akhreh`êha`f if `hqy}uìák Qe }ebe}e f a}`o`hfn. ku wf}f fqqelu}f} f @ ‑ wuh`ikq ako }eanuqák4 if fwn`afìák if ne` wehfn.((( @@ ‑ wuh`ikq ako ieyehìák. ieokhqy}fìák vufhik qe fwu}f} vue k es`qyêha`f ie WEA Iere/qe ye} wenk oehkq f `hi`a`fik à rfi`k ku. cfrehik $ @QF. bfzehik f es`qyêha`f ie uof ifq iúr`if qkm}e f quf `iehy`ifie. fhæn`qe hk afqk c`wñyeqeq fa`of ieqa}`yfq( #vue f q`yufìák hák bk}heae} ku hák `hi`af} akha}eyk( fmqy}fyfoehye w}er`qyf eqyejf eneoehykq wf}f eqanf}eaê/nf4 w}eqehye hk afqk akha}eyk) @@@ ‑ qe k }àu y`re} q`ik akhiehfik wk} kuy}k a}`oe iknkqk. eo qehyehìf y}fhq`yfif eo junlfik* junlfik*. }eqqfnrfik k i`qwkqyk hk wf}æl}fbk úh`ak ik f}y`lk 92 ik Añi`lk Wehfn( @R / qe k a}`oe ehrknre} r`knêha`f ikoàqy`af e bfo`n`f} akhy}f f ounce}. hkq ye}okq if ne` eqweaïb`af. wf}f lf}fhy`} f eseauìák ifq oei`ifq w}kyey`rfq ie u}lêha`f( #@hanuïik wenf Ne` hº 66(197. ie =772) * @owk}yfhye qfme} vue eqye à uo afqk ie }e`ha`iêha`f Iknkqf. e fqq`o qe we}aeme hk vufi}k f qelu`}. hák eqvueaehik vue qe akoeye} hkrk a}`oe fwñq k y}íhq`yk eo junlfik. fwñq 75 fhkq. rknyf f qe} w}`oæ}`k: ]E@HA@IÊHA@F Q`owneq Q`owneq Aunwkqf IKNKQF Eqwebïa`af Iknk $ Aunwf Aunwf $ Iknk Aunwf $ Aunwf Iknk $ Iknk Eqwàa`e „s‟ $ Eqwàa`e „s‟ 35
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770
I`}e`yk W}kaeqqufn Wehfn ‑
Fhf A}`qy`hf Oehikhìf
/ ]eqy}`ìõeq: F}y( 161( Eo vufnvue} ifq a`}auhqyíha`fq. w}er`qyfq hk f}y`lk fhye}`k}. qe}æ fio`y`if f iea}eyfìák if w}`qák w}erehy`rf hkq a}`oeq iknkqkq: @ / wuh`ikq ako }eanuqák4 @@ / wuh`ikq ako ieyehìák. vufhik qe fwu}f} vue k `hi`a`fik à rfi`k ku. cfrehik iúr`if qkm}e f quf `iehy`ifie. hák bk}heae} ku hák `hi`af} eneoehykq wf}f eqanf}eaê/ nf4 @@@ / qe k }àu y`re} q`ik akhiehfik wk} kuy}k a}`oe iknkqk. eo qehyehìf y}fhq`yfif eo junlfik. }eqqfnrfik k i`qwkqyk hk wf}æl}fbk úh`ak ik f}y( 92 ik Añi`lk Wehfn( @R / qe k a}`oe ehrknre} r`knêha`f ikoàqy`af e bfo`n`f} akhy}f f ounce}. hkq ye}okq if ne` eqweaïb`af. wf}f lf}fhy`} f eseauìák ifq oei`ifq w}kyey`rfq ie u}lêha`f( F}y( 169( F w}`qák w}erehy`rf eo hehcuo afqk qe}æ iea}eyfif qe k ju`z re}`b`af} wenfq w}krfq akhqyfhyeq ikq fuykq ye} k flehye w}fy`afik k bfyk hfq akhi`ìõeq ik f}y`lk 60. @. @@ ku @@@. ik Añi`lk Wehfn( /Neom}f} : F}y( 165( K ieqwfack vue iea}eyf} ku iehelf} f w}`qák w}erehy`rf qe}æ qeow}e buhifoehyfik( F}y( 162( K ju`z wkie}æ }erklf} f w}`qák w}erehy`rf qe. hk ak}}e} ik w}kaeqqk. re}`b`af} f bfnyf ie oky`rk wf}f vue qumq`qyf. meo akok ie hkrk iea}eyæ/nf. qe qkm}e r`e}eo }fzõeq vue f juqy`b`vueo (
32
Au}qk Fw}kmfyuo ‑ 6º Qeoeqy}e =770