“Alcance de convencionalidad de la Ley 5777/2016 (Paraguay) de ´Protección integral a las mujeres contra toda forma de violencia´ frente al Sistema Internacional de Protección de Derechos Humanos” (Tésis de Maestría)

Weavgrsadmd Hjkuloam dgk Vmrmnumy

Lmgstrìm Aetgremhajemk ge Dgrghbjs Bulmejs hje áeimsas ge Hjetrjk dg Hjevgehajemkadmd

MKHMEHG DG HJEYGEHAJEMKADMD GE KM KGQ 7>>>/?6=9 DG "V_JTGHHAØE AETGN_MK M KMX LW@G_GX HJET_M TJDM IJ_LM DG YAJKGEHAM" I_GETG MK XAXTGLM AETG_EMHAJEMK DG V_JTGHHAØE DG DG_GHBJX BWLMEJX.

Vrji. Mon. Glakaj Medrás Yízqugz Msuehaøe, Vmrmnumy. Mýj ?6=>

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Weavgrsadmd Hjkuloam dgk Vmrmnumy

Lmgstrìm Aetgremhajemk ge Dgrghbjs Bulmejs hje áeimsas ge Hjetrjk dg Hjevgehajemkadmd

MKHMEHG DG HJEYGEHAJEMKADMD GE KM KGQ 7>>>/?6=9 DG "V_JTGHHAØE AETGN_MK M KMX LW@G_GX HJET_M TJDM IJ_LM DG YAJKGEHAM" I_GETG MK XAXTGLM AETG_EMHAJEMK DG V_JTGHHAØE DG DG_GHBJX BWLMEJX.

Vrji. Mon. Glakaj Medrás Yízqugz Tutjr0 Vrji. Dh. Xgrnaj D. Njezíkgz Mymkm, LXh Msuehaøe, Vmrmnumy. Mýj ?6=>

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Xulmraj Km aevgstanmhaøe sg davadg ge trgs pmrtgs0 ge gk Hmpìtukj A, sg prgsgetm km aevgstanmhaøe rgsmktmedj km alpjrtmeham dg su dgsmrrjkkj hjlj uem hjetraouhaøe mk prjhgsj dg alpkglgetmhaøe. Gk Hmpìtukj AA mojrdm kjs metghgdgetgs qug iuedmlgetme km eghgsadmd dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk dg kms lu`grgs metg tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham ge Vmrmnumy. Vmrtagedj dgk hjetgxtj rgnajemk y dg km prgsgetmhaøe dg mknuejs mspghtjs lís rgkgvmetgs dg km igejlgejkjnìm dg km vajkgeham ge Mlárahm Kmtaem, sg akustrm m km pgrsjem kghtjrm ge huíkgs bme sadj kjs imhtjrgs qug alpuksme km hrgmhaøe dg ejrlms, rghjlgedmhajegs dg dgrghbjs bulmejs y pjkìtahms pðokahms rgigradms m rgspjedgr aestatuhajemklgetg m km vajkgeham qug suirge kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms ge íloatjs pðokahjs y pravmdjs. Msalaslj, sg prgsgetme kms praehapmkgs bgrrmlagetms y rghjlgedmhajegs m kms qug gstí su`gtj gk Vmrmnumy dgsdg su kgnaskmhaøe aetgrem y hjlj Gstmdj pmrtg dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Ge gk tgrhgr hmpìtukj, sg memkazm gspghìiahmlgetg gk mkhmehg dgk Hjetrjk dg Hjevgehajemkadmd ge km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 dg ‛Vrjtghhaøe aetgnrmk m kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham“ ge iuehaøe dg kms hjehjrdmehams hjestatuhajemkgs, dg kjs tgxtjs dg kms Hjevgehajegs Aetgremhajemkgs g Aetgrmlgrahmems aehjrpjrmdjs mk sastglm ùrìdahj pmrmnumyj, sg bmhge mknuejs hjlgetmrajs m kjs mrtìhukjs prjluknmdjs y sg prjpjege aetgrprgtmhajegs mk rgspghtj dg kms ejrlms hje kms qug sg hjlpkglgetm km alpkglgetmhaøe dg kmbmhìme ejrlmpmrtg humedj dg pkgem g`ghuhaøe. Ge gkpjr laslj hmpìtukj sg trmeshraoge kjs mrtìhukjs qug dg kmsgmpralgrm y ðktalm rgvasaøe Hjlasajegs dg mloms Hílmrms dgk Hjenrgsj Emhajemk y dashusajegs pkgemrams m ljdj dg hjetmr hje aeijrlmhaøe mdahajemk sjorg km aetgehaøe jranaemk dg km ejrlm y km rgsuktmetg qug iugrm prjluknmdm ge gk mýj ?6=9. Xg aehkuyg mdglís kjs rgsuktmdjs dg kms getrgvastms rgmkazmdms m km táheahm qug iugrm msgsjrm dg km Hjlasaøe dg Náegrj dgk Xgemdj dg km _gpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy y laglorj dgk gquapj prjpjegetg, y dg mutjradmdgs dgk Laeastgraj dgkm Lu`gr, dgk Vjdgr @udahamk y dg Hjlatá dg Mlárahm Kmtaem y gk Hmraog y gk Hmraog pmrm km Dgigesm dg kjs Dgrghbjs dg kms Lu`grgs (HKMDGL)3 kms hjehkusajegs mk rgspghtj dgk eavgk dg hjevgehajemkadmd qug sg gxprgsm ge gk tgxtj dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 y rghjlgedmhajegs ge kms humkgs sg dgstmhm km hjeiarlmhaøe dg qug sì sg bm pjdadj aehjrpjrmr ge sastglm ùrìdahj pmrmnumyj uem Kgy qug geueham kms praehapmkgs rghjlgedmhajegs y praehapajs prjpajs dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs3 pgrj qug, m pgsmr dg gstm aehjrpjrmhaøe, ej bm saneaiahmdj ue mvmehg m km kgnaskmhaøe ym gxastgetg ge lmtgram dg prjtghhaøe m kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham y sa ej sg hjlpkglgetm hje eugvms ejrlms qug hjetraouyme dg lmegrm giahmz y giahagetg m km grrmdahmhaøe y smehaøe dg km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs, pjdrìm saneaiahmr km vajkmhaøe dgk praehapaj dg prjnrgsavadmd.

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‛MKHMEHG DG HJEYGEHAJEMKADMD GE KM KGQ 7>>>/?6=9 DG V_JTGHHAØE AETGN_MK M KMX LW@G_GX HJET_M TJDM IJ_LM DG YAJKGEHAM I_GETG MK XAXTGLM AETG_EMHAJEMK DG V_JTGHHAØE DG DG_GHBJX BWLMEJX“

Vrji. Mon. Glakaj Medrás Yízqugz

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Gxmlaemdjrgs Ejlorg

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Mnrmdghalagetj0 ''Metg ue mhtj dg vajkgeham hjetrm uem lu`gr, kms mutjradmdgs m hmrnj dgoge kkgvmr km aevgstanmhaøe hje dgtgrlaemhaøe y giahmham, tgeagedj ge hugetm gk dgogr dg km sjhagdmd dg rghbmzmr km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y kms jokanmhajegs dgk Gstmdj dg grrmdahmrkm''. Hmsj A. Y. Ys Ojkavam. Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Xgetgeham dgk 86 dg ejvaglorg dg ?6=9 Ge mnrmdghalagetj m km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs pjr su aevmkumokg mpjrtg ge ùrasprudgeham qug hjetraouyg pmrm bmhgr dg gstg luedj ue kunmr lg`jr.

M la imlakam y mlastmdgs qug lg mhjlpmýmrje ge gk prjhgsj. M tjdms mqugkkms pgrsjems qug lg mealmrje y gesgýmrje m sgnuar mdgkmetg. M quagegs, muequg sae smogrkj, lg mealmrje, gesgýmrje y gduhmrje pmrm dgigedgr kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs.

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Dgdahmtjram0 M lmlí, vìhtalm dg vajkgeham djlástahm. M tjdms kms pgrsjems qug suirge ge sakgehaj vajkgeham y, m quagegs, hjlj jiahamkgs dgk Gstmdj, damramlgetg bmhge tjdj kj qug gstí m su mkhmehg pmrm hmloamrkj.

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Ìedahg Kastm dg tmokms ..................................................................................................................................... xa Aetrjduhhaøe .........................................................................................................................................= Hmpìtukj = - Vrgsgetmhaøe dg km Aevgstanmhaøe ......................................................................................4 .....................................................................................................................7

=.= Vrjokglm qug mojrdm. =.? Vrgnuetms dg aevgstanmhaøe. ............................................................................................................9 =.?.= Vrgnuetm praehapmk. ......................................................................................................................9 =.?.? Vrgnuetms mdahajemkgs. .................................................................................................................9 Hmpìtukj AA ‘ Lmrhj rgigrgehamk ............................................................................................................2 ?.= Hjetgxtj dg km prjokglítahm dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs dgsdg km pgrspghtavm aetgremhajemk m km rgmkadmd emhajemk. .................................................................................................................................2 ?.? Lmrhj hjehgptumk0 Km pgrspghtavm dg náegrj, km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, dg kms lu`grgs ge su davgrsadmd y dg kms eaýms hjlj uem vajkmhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. ............................................. == ?.?.= Náegrj y pgrspghtavm dg Náegrj. ............................................................................................. == ?.?.? Km adgetadmd dg Náegrj. ........................................................................................................... =8 ?.?.8 Náegrj, Yajkgeham y Xgnuradmd Bulmem. ................................................................................. =9 ?.8 Lmrhj Kgnmk. ............................................................................................................................... ?6 ?.8.= Metghgdgetgs sjorg gk trmtmlagetj dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms ge Vmrmnumy.?6 ?.8.? Ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr ge gk sastglm ùrìdahj pmrmnumyj. .................................. ?> ?.8 Gk hjetrjk dg hjevgehajemkadmd hjlj lmrhj dg aetgrprgtmhaøe ge Vmrmnumy. ............................ 88 ?.4 Lmrhj kgnmk dg prjtghhaøe aetgremhajemk m kms lu`grgs irgetg m tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham. .......... 8> ?.4 Jpaeajegs hjesuktavms y Xgetgehams ge gk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej dg Vrjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs qug bmhge rgigrgeham m km prjtghhaøe dg kms lu`grgs irgetg m km vajkgeham omsmdm ge msalgtrìms dg náegrj. .......................................................................................................................................................... 44

?.7 Bgrrmlagetms y rghjlgedmhajegs gightumdms ge gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs, y m Vmrmnumy rgigradms m km Vrjtghhaøe Aetgnrmk dg kms Lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham. ......................................................................................................... 78 ?.7.= Ngegrmkgs dgk Xastglm Weavgrsmk. ............................................................................................. 78 ?.7.=.= Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs y gk Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. .................................................................................................. 74 ?.7.=.? Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. ... 77 ?.7.=.8 Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj. ............................................................................ 7> ?.7.=.4 _ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 dgk Hjlatá pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. .......................................................................................................................................................... 72

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?.7.=.7 Ogaàen Dghkmrmtaje med Vkmtijrl ijr Mhtaje (Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen). .......................................................................................................................................................... 71

?.7.=.9 Aetgremtajemk Hjeigrgehg je Vjpukmtaje med Dgvgkjplget Vrjnrmllg ji Mhtaje (Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj). .......................................... 96 ?.7.=.> Gstrmtgnam Luedamk ?.6 pmrm km Xmkud dg kms Lu`grgs, kjs Eaýjs y kjs Mdjkgshgetgs. ........... 96 ?.7.=.2 Mngedm dg Mhhaøe dg Mddìs Mogom. ..................................................................................... 9= ?.7.=.1 Kjs Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg (Mngedm ?686). ...................................................... 98 ?.7.? Ngegrmkgs dgk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej. .................................................................................... 92 ?.7.?.= Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr (Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí) ....................................................................................................... 91 ?.7.?.? Vrjtjhjkj Mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. .................................................................................. >6 ?.7.?.8 Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj. ....................................................... >6 ?.7.8 Gspghìiahms m Vmrmnumy rgigradms m dashralaemhaøe y vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y eaýms jrdgemdms hrjejkønahmlgetg dgsdg =117 m ?6=>. .............................................................................................. 28 ?.7.8.= Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, mýj =117. ............................................................................ 28 ?.7.8.? Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr, mýj =119. ..................... 24 ?.7.8.8 Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs, mýj =119. .................................... 24 ?.7.8.4 Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, mýj ?66=. ............................................... 27 ?.7.8.7 Aeijrlg dg Xgnualagetj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, mýj ?668. ......................................................................................................................... 21 ?.7.8.9 Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr, mýj ?667. ..................... 1= ?.7.8.> Hjrtg ADB. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Qmcyg Mxm Ys. Vmrmnumy, mýj ?667. ...................... 18 ?.7.8.2 Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, mýj ?669. ............................................................................ 14 ?.7.8.1 Hjrtg ADB. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Xmwbjymlmxm Ys. Vmrmnumy, mýj ?669. ................. 14 ?.7.8.=6 Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs, mýj ?66>. .................................. 17 ?.7.8.== Hjlatá dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj, mýj ?6=6. ...................................................................... 19 ?.7.8.=? Hjrtg ADB. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Rícljc Císgc Ys. Vmrmnumy, mýj ?6=6. ............. 19 ?.7.8.=8 _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg gk Dgrghbj m km Gduhmhaøe, mýj ?6=6. ............................................ 1> ?.7.8.=4 Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk, mýj ?6=6. ............................................................................. 1> ?.7.8.=7 Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr, mýj ?6==. ................... 11 ?.7.8.=9 Hjlatá hjetrm km Tjrturm, mýj ?6==. ................................................................................. =6? ?.7.8.=> _gkmtjrm Gspghamk sjorg km Gxtrglm Vjorgzm y kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, mýj ?6=?. .......... =6? ?.7.8.=2 Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, mýj ?6=8. ........................................................................ =68 ?.7.8.=1 _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kjs pugokjs aedìngems, mýj ?6=7. ........................ =64

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?.7.8.?6 Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk, mýj ?6=9. ........................................................................... =64 ?.9 Mrtìhukjs dg km prjpugstm jranaemk qug ej iugrje aehkuadjs ge km Kgy prjluknmdm. ................. =69 ?.9.= Dg kjs hjrrgspjedagetgs m km vjtmhaøe iaemk............................................................................ =69 ?.9.? Hjrrgspjedagetgs m km prjpugstm jranaemk. .............................................................................. =61 ?.> Dgshraphaøe dg km Bapøtgsas....................................................................................................... ==2 ?.>.= Bapøtgsas. ............................................................................................................................... ==2 ?.>.? Bapøtgsas mktgremtavm. .............................................................................................................. ==2 Hmpìtukj AAA - Lmrhj lgtjdjkønahj. ................................................................................................ ==1 8.= Dasgýj y geijqug dg km aevgstanmhaøe. ...................................................................................... ==1 8.? Mkhmehg dg km aevgstanmhaøe....................................................................................................... =?= 8.8 Vjokmhaøe lgtm dg km aevgstanmhaøe. .......................................................................................... =?= 8.4 Hmtgnjrìms dg meíkasas. ............................................................................................................... =?8 8.7 Táheahms g aestrulgetjs. ........................................................................................................... =?8 _gsuktmdjs ....................................................................................................................................... =?7 Meíkasas dg km hjehjrdmeham y hjrrgkmhaøe dg hjevgehajemkadmd dg km Kgy Erj. 7>>>/?6=9 dg ‛Vrjtghhaøe aetgnrmk m kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham“ h je gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs y praehapmkgs ejrlms vaehukmetgs dgk Xastglm @urìdahj Vmrmnumyj ........................................................................................................................................................ =?7

_gsuktmdjs dg kms getrgvastms ........................................................................................................... ?82 Xjorg gk mkhmehg km hjevgehajemkadmd ge km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9. .......................................................... ?82 Xjorg gk mkhmehg dg km aeikugeham dgk sjit-kmw ge km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9. .............................................. ?81 Jtrjs hjlgetmrajs. .......................................................................................................................... ?81 Hjehkusajegs ................................................................................................................................... ?46 Ge humetj m kms prgnuetms dg aevgstanmhaøe. .................................................................................... ?46 Ge humetj m kjs jo`gtavjs dg km aevgstanmhaøe.................................................................................. ?48 _ghjlgedmhajegs ........................................................................................................................... ?4> Xungrgehams dg kìegm dg mhhaøe ge omsg m kjs rgsuktmdjs, rgkmtavms m km rgspugstm m km vajkgeham qug suirge kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms. .................................................................................................................... ?4> Xungrgehams dg prjyghtjs pmrm jtrms pgrsjems aevgstanmdjrms aetgrgsmdms ge gk tglm, rgkmtavms m eugvms j sanuagetgs aevgstanmhajegs ............................................................................................................... ?4> _gkmtavms mk hjejhalagetj dg km hageham .......................................................................................... ?42 Lmrhj prjyghtj ............................................................................................................................... ?41 Kìegms dg mhhaøe sungradms rgkmtavms m pjkìtahms pðokahms sghtjramkgs. ............................................. ?41 Oaokajnrmiìm ..................................................................................................................................... ?76 Oaokajnrmiìm hjesuktmdm. .................................................................................................................. ?76

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Oaokajnrmiìm hatmdm. .......................................................................................................................... ?7= _gigrgehams djhulgetmkgs praehapmkgs. ........................................................................................... ?7? Mrtìhukjs pgrajdìstahjs. ................................................................................................................... ?74 Vínaems ^go.................................................................................................................................... ?74 Yadgjs. ............................................................................................................................................ ?9= Kastm dg morgvamturms y sankms .......................................................................................................... ?9? Nkjsmraj ........................................................................................................................................... ?97 Ejrlmtavm dgk Xastglm @urìdahj Vmrmnumyj hjesuktmdms y hatmdms .................................................. ?99 Kgygs y Hødanjs. ............................................................................................................................. ?99 Ejrlms mdlaeastrmtavms. ................................................................................................................. ?92 Jtrms ejrlms utakazmdms. .................................................................................................................. ?>6 Megxj =0 Vraehapmkgs Hjevgehajegs dgk Xastglm aetgremhajemk rgigradms m Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs irgetg m km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9. ................................................................................................ ?>= Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kms Emhajegs Weadms ............................................................................................. ?>= Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, ‛Hjevgehaøe Ogkgl dj Vmrí“ ......................................................................................................... ?1? Megxj ?. Trmeshraphaøe dg getrgvastms m pgrsjems hkmvg ................................................................. 864 Megxj 8. Humdrj dg aedahmdjrgs dg meíkasas dg hjevgehajemkadmd mpkahmdj m km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 dg kjs Mrtìhukjs = mk 76 (gxhkuygedj kms daspjsahajegs iaemkgs) ................................................................ 8=9

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Kastm dg tmokms Tmokm = - Eðlgrj dg lu`grgs msgsaemdms pjr hjlpmýgrjs ìetaljs j imlakamrgs pjr rgnaøe (?6=? j ðktalj mýj daspjeaokg) ge omsg m nríiahj dg WEJDH ?6=8 ...................................................................................... 1 Tmokm ? - Kìegm dg taglpj dg praehapmkgs batjs dg km kuhbm hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs ge Vmrmnumy m pmrtar dg =11? ........................................................................................................ ?9 Tmokm 8 - Gvjkuhaøe dgk hjehgptj dg Yajkgeham Imlakamr ge kms ljdaiahmhajegs rgmkazmdms mk Mrtìhukj ??1 dgk Hødanj Vgemk dg Vmrmnumy........................................................................................................................... ?2 Tmokm 4 - Humdrj dg Aestrulgetjs dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs aehjrpjrmdjs mk Xastglm @urìdahj Vmrmnumyj vaehukmdjs m km prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk dg kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms dgsdg =198 m ?6=> ...................................................................................................................................... 4= Tmokm 7 - Dgstmhmdm ùrasprudgeham y djhulgetjs rgkgvmetgs dg rgigrgeham rgkmtavjs m km prjtghhaøe dg kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe y vajkgeham ge gk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej. ................... 76 Tmokm 9 - Tmokm dg prgnuetms dg aevgstanmhaøe m rgigrgetgs hkmvgs. ......................................................... =?6 Tmokm >- Dgshraphaøe dgk dasgýj lgtjdjkønahj ......................................................................................... =?8 Tmokm 2 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj = dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9. ........................... =?9 Tmokm 1 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ? dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ............................ =?2 Tmokm =6 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 8 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 .......................... =86 Tmokm == - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 4 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 .......................... =8? Tmokm =? - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 7 dgkm Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................... =89 Tmokm =8 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 9 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 .......................... =4? Tmokm =4 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj > dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 .......................... =77 Tmokm =7 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 2 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 .......................... =7> Tmokm =9 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 1 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 .......................... =72 Tmokm => - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj =6 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ =9= Tmokm =2 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj == dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ =94 Tmokm =1 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj =? dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ =99 Tmokm ?6 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj =8 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ =>6 Tmokm ?= - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj =4 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ =>8 Tmokm ?? - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj =7 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ =>7 Tmokm ?8 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj =9 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ =>2 Tmokm ?4 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj => dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ =2? Tmokm ?7 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj =2 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ =24 Tmokm ?9 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj =1 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ =29 Tmokm ?> - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?6 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ =22 Tmokm ?2 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?= dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ =21 Tmokm ?1 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?? dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ =1? Tmokm 86 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?8 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ =19 Tmokm 8= - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?4 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ =12 Tmokm 8? - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?7 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?6= Tmokm 88 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?9 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?6? Tmokm 84 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?> dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?68 Tmokm 87 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?2 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?69 Tmokm 89 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?1 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?6>

xaa Tmokm 8> - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 86 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?61 Tmokm 82 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 8= dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?=6 Tmokm 81 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 8? dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?== Tmokm 46 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 88 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?=? Tmokm 4= - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 84 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?=8 Tmokm 4? - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 87 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?=8 Tmokm 48 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 89 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?=7 Tmokm 44 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 8> dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?=> Tmokm 47 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 82 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?=2 Tmokm 49 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 81 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ??= Tmokm 4> - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 46 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ??8 Tmokm 42 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 4= dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ??4 Tmokm 41 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 4? dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ??7 Tmokm 76 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 48 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ??> Tmokm 7= - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 44 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ??1 Tmokm 7? - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 47 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?8= Tmokm 78 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 49 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?88 Tmokm 74 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 4> dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?84 Tmokm 77 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 42 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?84 Tmokm Tmokm 79 7> -- Vraehapmkgs Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams hjehjrdmehams yy hjlgetmrajs hjlgetmrajs mk mk Mrtìhukj Mrtìhukj 41 76 dg dg km km Kgy Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ........................ ?84 ?87 Tmokm 72 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 7= dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?89 Tmokm 71 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 7? dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?89 Tmokm 96 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 78 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?89 Tmokm 9= - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 74 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?8> Tmokm 9? - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 77 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ........................ ?8> Tmokm 98 - Aedahmdjrgs dg lgdahaøe dg km lugstrm ................................................................................... ?49

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_gsulge _ghjejhagedj km rgkgvmeham pmrm gk Gstmdj dg hjesadgrmr qug gk gstmokghalagetj dg gstrmtgnams pmrm mhmomr hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr gs uem bgrrmlagetm eghgsmram pmrm gk dgsmrrjkkj sustgetmokg, gstm aevgstanmhaøe hjetraouyg m km dashusaøe aeahamk qug ngegrmrí gsg prjhgsj memkazmedj gk vìehukj gxastgetg getrg gk hugrpj dg km ejrlm hje gk lmrhj aetgremhajemk hjlj mpjrtg m kjs prjhgdalagetjs y lghmeasljs aetgrejs qug bmríe gightavm km aetgehaøe dg km ejrlm y pgrlataríe uem mdghumdm y jpjrtuem msanemhaøe dg rghursjs ghjeølahjs, táheahjs y bulmejs gspghamkazmdjs. Gstm aevgstanmhaøe prgsgetm pmutms y kìegms dg aetgrprgtmhaøe dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 dg Vrjtghhaøe Aetgnrmk m km lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham dgsdg gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs hjlj uem jpjrtueadmd pmrm gk Gstmdj pjr lgdaj dg sus aestatuhajegs, dgsdg kms ueavgrsadmdgs y mhmdglam ge su gspghaiahadmd, dg kms glprgsms pravmdms y dg km sjhagdmd havak jrnmeazmdm ge km hjestruhhaøe dg uem sjhagdmd, tmetj uromem, aedìngem j rurmk, hjlprjlgtadm y mhtavm ge bmhgr pjsaokg uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham pmrm kms lu`grgs ge gspghamk y pmrm tjdm km hjlueadmd ge ngegrmk pjr lgdaj dg km prjljhaøe dg hukturm dg rgspgtj m kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs. Vmkmorms hkmvgs0 Yajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, Yajkgeham djlástahm g aetrmimlakamr, Kgy aetgnrmk

hjetrm km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs, Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs, Vmrmnumy. _ghjneazaen tbg rgkgvmehg ijr tbg Xtmtg tj hjesadgr tbmt tbg gstmokasblget ji strmtgnags tj ged vajkgehg mnmaest wjlge as m eghgssmry tjjk ijr sustmaemokg dgvgkjplget, tbas rgsgmrhb hjetraoutgs tj tbg aeatamk dashussaje tbmt wakk ngegrmtg tbas prjhgss oy memkysaen tbg kaec ogtwgge tbg ojdy ji tbg ejrl watb tbg aetgremtajemk irmlgwjrc ms hjetraoutaje tj tbg aetgremk prjhgdurgs med lghbmeasls tbmt wakk lmcg giightavg tbg aetgetaje ji tbg ejrl med wakk mkkjw me mdgqumtg med

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talgky mkkjhmtaje ji spghamkazgd ghjejlah, tghbeahmk med bulme rgsjurhgs. Tbas rgsgmrhb prgsgets nuadgkaegs med kaegs ji aetgrprgtmtaje ji tbg Kmw ijr tbg Aetgnrmk Vrjtghtaje ji ^jlge mnmaest mey ijrl ji Yajkgehg -Kmw 7>>>/?6=9- irjl tbg Aetgremtajemk Xystgl ji Bulme _anbts ms me jppjrtueaty tj tbg Xtmtg tbrjunb ats aestatutajes, ueavgrsatags med mhmdglam ae ats spghaiahaty, pravmtg sghtjr med jrnmeazgd havak sjhagty ijr tbg hjestruhtaje ji m sjhagty -wbgtbgr urome, aedangejus jr rurmk- hjllattgd med mhtavg ae lmcaen pjssaokg m kaig irgg ji vajkgehg ijr wjlge ae pmrtahukmr med ijr tbg wbjkg hjllueaty ae ngegrmk oy prjljtaen m hukturg ji rgspght ijr bulme ranbts. Cgy wjrds0 Yajkgehg mnmaest wjlge, Djlgstah med aetrmimlaky vajkgehg, Aetgnrmk kmw ijr

vajkgehg mnmaest wjlge, Aetgremtajemk Xystgl ji ^jlge's Bulme _anbts, Vmrmnumy.

Aetrjduhhaøe Km aevgstanmhaøe sg dgejlaem ‛Meíkasas dg hjevgehajemkadmd dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 dg Vrjtghhaøe aetgnrmk m kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham irgetg mk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs“ y oushm memkazmr gk mkhmehg dg km hjevgehajemkadmd ge gk tgxtj dg km Kgy mprjomdm adgetaiahmedj rghjlgedmhajegs pmrm su mpkahmhaøe ijrlmk m pmrtar dg dahaglorg dg ?6=>. Km hugstaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs gs ue prjokglm hmdm vgz lmyjr ge gk pmìs y hjesadgrmedj qug km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 bm suiradj hjesadgrmokgs ljdaiahmhajegs dgsdg su prjpugstm jranaemk qug trmge hjlj rgsuktmdj pjsaokgs hjeiusajegs ge gk ljlgetj qug dgom aeahamr su alpkglgetmhaøe ge dahaglorg ?6=>, km rgmkazmhaøe dg gstm aevgstanmhaøe sg ùstaiahm ge gk sgetadj qug hjetraouyg m km alpkglgetmhaøe dg km ejrlm gspghamkazmdm prjvgygedj km aeijrlmhaøe eghgsmram pmrm qug kjs jpgrmdjrgs dgk sastglm kgnmk jragetge km mpkahmhaøe dg km kgy ge omsg dg kms ejrlms aetgremhajemkgs qug km alpuksmrje. Xg rgmkazm hje gk jo`gtavj praehapmk dg hjejhgr km giahmham dgk hjetrjk dg hjevgehajemkadmd ge gk prjhgsj dg rgdmhhaøe dg kgygs dg prjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs m pmrtar dgk meíkasas dg km Kgy dg Vrjtghhaøe Aetgnrmk m kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham3 y kjs jo`gtavjs gspghìiahjs dg0 =. Adgetaiahmr kjs hjlprjlasjs aetgremhajemkgs rgkmtavjs m Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs qug bme pgrlgmdj ge km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9, ?. Adgetaiahmr gk mkhmehg dg mpkahmhaøe dg rghjlgedmhajegs aetgremhajemkgs y ejrlms dg sjitkmw ge km rgdmhhaøe y prjhgdalagetjs mdlaeastrmtavjs prjpugstjs ge km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9, 8. Dgshraoar km giahmham dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ge gk Xastglm @urìdahj pmrmnumyj qug rgspjedg m kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham ge kjs íloatjs djlástahj g aetrmimlakamr.

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Hjesadgrmedj qug sg trmtm dgk meíkasas kgnmk dg uem ejrlm qug sg aetrjduhg mk Xastglm @urìdahj Vmrmnumyj, sg utakazø pmrm su meíkasas gk sastglm bgrlgeáutahj. Gk dasgýj dg gstm aevgstanmhaøe gs dg tapj ej gxpgralgetmk, dmdj qug ej sg lmeapukme mroatrmramlgetg vmramokgs, y pmrm kj humk sg josgrvme kjs bghbjs y djhulgetjs ijrlmkgs qug bmhge pmrtg dg hugrpj ùrìdahj-mdlaeastrmtavj y sg memkazme hjetrmstmedj km aeijrlmhaøe jotgeadm ge getrgvastms qug sg rgmkazmrje m uem pgrsjem dgk gquapj prjpjegetg, uem pgrsjem rgigrgetg dgk ljvalagetj sjhamk dg lu`grgs, pgrsjems rgigrgetgs y tjlmdjrm dg dghasajegs dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham (Vjdgr @udahamk)y kjs hjlgetmrajs jiahamkgs dg uem pgrsjem rgigrgetg y tjlmdjrm dg dghasajegs ge gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr (Vjdgr G`ghutavj). Hjlj hjesghugeham, su geijqug gs humkatmtavj, rgsuktmdj dg km josgrvmhaøe bjkìstahm dg km rgmkadmd qug rgprgsgetm gk sastglm ùrìdahj y kgnmk dg rgspugstm aestatuhajemk m km vajkgeham qug suirge kms lu`grgs ge gk sastglm ùrìdahj pmrmnumyj y su aetgrprgtmhaøe, dgsmrrjkkmedj hjehgptjs y hjlprgesajegs m pmrtar dgk meíkasas ejrlmtavj, mrhbavjs y getrgvastms. Xg utakazm km táheahm humkatmtavm tgeagedj hjlj omsg gpastgljkønahm km igejlgejkjnìm g bastjrahadmd vaehukmdm m km gvjkuhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs, aehkuygedj km pgrspghtavm dg rgigrgetgs, hje áeimsas ge km dgshraphaøe y hjlprgesaøe aetgrprgtmtavm dg ejrlms emhajemkgs g aetgremhajemkgs, dg nuìms y tgxtjs jragetmtavjs, y dg kms rghjlgedmhajegs y sgetgehams3 dg meíkasas aetgrprgtmtavj y mkhmehg humkatmtavj. Gk mkhmehg dg km laslm gs gxpkjrmtjram-dgshraptavm. Gxpkjrmtjraj, metg km adgetaiahmhaøe dg mqugkkjs gkglgetjs qug sgríe jo`gtj dg meíkasas. Dgshraptavj ge lmtgram prgsgetmhaøe dg kms hmrmhtgrìstahms qug rgvastge kjs praehapajs y pgrspghtavms dg náegrj, dgrghbjs bulmejs y hahkj dg vadm ge gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs rgkmtavjs m kms lu`grgs.

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Km pjokmhaøe gstí dgtgrlaemdm pjr gk sastglm ùrìdahj gspghamkazmdj ge vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs y eaýms, hugrpj kgnmk qug hjlprgedg kms ejrlms dgk dgrghbj aetgrej, dgk dgrghbj aetgremhajemk aehjrpjrmdj mk sastglm ùrìdahj emhajemk y km ùrasprudgeham, aeijrlgs y rghjlgedmhajegs qug glmeme dg kjs jrnmeasljs y lghmeasljs vaehukmdjs hje ástms, tmetj iugrme rgmkazmdjs gspghìiahmlgetg pmrm Vmrmnumy, hjlj kjs qug, muequg ej gstmr daranadjs m eugstrj pmìs, sje mpkahmokgs ge iuehaøe dg su rgkgvmeham ùrasprudgehamk, pjr gk gstmokghalagetj dg mhugrdjs mk rgspghtj dg ngegrmhaøe y mpkahmhaøe dg pjkìtahms pðokahms rgkmtavms m Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj3 j pjr su aeikugeham ge km ngegrmhaøe dg hjejhalagetj ge gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs. Km lugstrm gstí dgtgrlaemdm pjr mhgptmhaøe dg pmrtahapmr dgk gstudaj dg kjs rgigrgetgs lgehajemdjs y qug ijrlme pmrtg dg km prjokglítahm memkazmdm. Gstm aevgstanmhaøe sg dgsmrrjkkø getrg gegrj y ùkaj dgk mýj ?6=>, dgetrj dgk pgrìjdj hjlprgedadj getrg km prjluknmhaøe y km ighbm dg aeahaj dg mpkahmhaøe tjtmk dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9.

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Hmpìtukj = - Vrgsgetmhaøe dg km Aevgstanmhaøe Muequg rghjng aeijrlmhaøe prjpam dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, hjehgetrm su meíkasas ge km aeikugeham qug gsg sastglm bm tgeadj ge Vmrmnumy ge gk lmrhj dg km prjtghhaøe dg tjdms kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham m km kuz dg kjs praehapajs y pgrspghtavm dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs gspghamklgetg hjesadgrmedj m Vmrmnumy hjlj pmìs iuedmdjr dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kms Emhajegs Weadms y laglorj dg su Hjesg`j dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, laglorj dgk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej dg Vrjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y dgk Lgrhjsur (aehkuygedj su mhtavm pmrtahapmhaøe ge km _gd dg Mktms Mutjradmdgs dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dgk Lgrhjsur) y dgk Aestatutj dg Vjkìtahms Vðokahms dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg gstg jrnmeaslj luktakmtgrmk. Km Hjevgehaøe pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdm ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr (HGDM^ pjr sus sankms ge aenkás) rmtaiahmdm ge =129, iug uem dg kms pralgrms Hjevgehajegs Aetgremhajemkgs dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs rghjejhadms pjr Vmrmnumy. Gk meíkasas dg hjevgehajemkadmd dg gstm eugvm kgy aetgnrmk dg prjtghhaøe dg dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs m pjhj lís dg 86 mýjs dg vadm pjkìtahm dg gstg rghjejhalagetj pgrlatarí hjejhgr km hmpmhadmd dg pgrlgmoakadmd dgk hjehgptj dg hjevgehajemkadmd sjorg ue tglm gspghìiahj y trmesvgrsmk m jtrms pjkìtahms dg gstmdj hjlj kj gs km hugstaøe dg kms lu`grgs. Hjesadgrmedj gspghamklgetg gk dgogr msuladj pjr gk Gstmdj Vmrmnumyj metg gk Mrtìhukj > dg km Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr (Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí) ge humetj m qug ‛Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs hjedgeme tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y hjevagege ge mdjptmr, pjr tjdjs kjs lgdajs mprjpamdjs y sae dakmhajegs, pjkìtahms jragetmdms m prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr dahbm vajkgeham“, gstm aevgstanmhaøe oushm gstmokghgr gk vìehukj

4

dgk tgxtj kgnmk hje kjs praehapajs aetgremhajemkgs, hjevgeajs y rghjlgedmhajegs glmemdms dg kjs ørnmejs dg trmtmdj y sastglms dg prjtghhaøe m kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs qug rgspjedme0 =. Xa gk tgxtj rgikg`m kjs praehapajs y pgrspghtavm dg náegrj, dgrghbjs bulmejs y hahkj dg vadm gstmokghadjs ge kms praehapmkgs ejrlms aetgremhajemkgs dg prjtghhaøe m kms lu`grgs dg kjs sastglms aetgremhajemk y rgnajemk qug mdjptm km _gpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy3 ?. Xa gk tgxtj rgikg`ms kms rghjlgedmhajegs y hjlprjlasjs mdjptmdjs pjr kjs ørnmejs dg trmtmdj y dg prjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs m kjs humkgs gk pmìs sg gehugetrm jokanmdj3 8. Gk gstmdj dg mhtumkadmd dgk tgxtj dg km Kgy irgetg m kms dashusajegs rgkmtavms m ougems príhtahms y mvmehgs irgetg m dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs ge pmrtahukmr ge kj qug rgiagrg mk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej dg Vrjtghhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, km Hjlasaøe dg km Hjedahaøe @urìdahm y Xjhamk dg km Lu`gr dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kms Emhajegs Weadms y kjs Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xustgetmokg3 y, pjr ðktalj 4. Gstmokghgr hjehkusajegs y rghjlgedmhajegs mk rgspghtj dgk prjhgsj dg alpkglgetmhaøe. =.= Vrjokglm qug mojrdm.

Gk =9 dg ejvaglorg dg ?6=9 iug prjluknmdm ge Vmrmnumy km Kgy dg Vrjtghhaøe Aetgnrmk m kms Lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham (Kgy 7>>>/?6=9) ge g`grhahaj dgk hulpkalagetj dg km jokanmhaøe dgk Gstmdj dg alpkglgetmr rgijrlms kgnmkgs pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y gkalaemr tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe qug hjetraouyge m kalatmr y mtgetmr hjetrm sus Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Kugnj dg hmsa djs mýjs dg dgomtg pmrkmlgetmraj, km Kgy iug mprjomdm hje hjedahajemlagetjs qug rghjrtmrje luhbms dg kms prgtgesajegs dg km Xjhagdmd Havak Jrnmeazmdm y gk laslj ljvalagetj dg lu`grgs dg`medj pmrm gk prjhgsj dg rgnkmlgetmhaøe gk dgsmiìj dg gstmokghgr prjhgsjs y ùrasprudgeham qug pgrlatm gstmokghgr

7

smehajegs, tmetj pgemkgs hjlj mdlaeastrmtavms, lìealjs prgsupugstmrajs qug bmnme pjsaokg gk dasgýj g alpkglgetmhaøe dg pjkìtahms, pkmegs, prjnrmlms y prjyghtjs. Gstm aevgstanmhaøe sg hgetrm ge km rgspugstm aestatuhajemk dgk Gstmdj Vmrmnumyj m km vajkgeham qug suirge kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms omsmdms ge msalgtrìms dg náegrj ge gk lmrhj dgk praehapaj dg hjetrjk dg hjevgehajemkadmd. Vmrtagedj dg uem dgshraphaøe tgørahm y hjehgptumk, sg prjpjeg ue meíkasas bastørahj mk rgspghtj dg km gvjkuhaøe ejrlmtavm dg rgspugstm m km vajkgeham qug suirge kms lu`grgs ge gk Vmrmnumy y sg hjetgxtumkazm mk rgspghtj dgk igeølgej dg km dashralaemhaøe hjlj ijrlm dg vajkgeham, vajkgeham, tmetj ngegrmk hjlj omsmdm ge msalgtrìms dg náegrj.

=.? Vrgnuetms dg aevgstanmhaøe. =.?.= Vrgnuetm praehapmk.

ºHølj sg rgikg`me ge km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 kjs hjlprjlasjs msuladjs metg gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs rgkmtavjs m km prjtghhaøe dg kms lu`grgs ge su davgrsadmd y kms eaýms, m km vajkgeham omsmdm ge kjs praehapajs y pgrspghtavm dg náegrj, dgrghbjs bulmejs y hahkj dg vadm: =.?.? Vrgnuetms mdahajemkgs. •

ºHølj gk Gstmdj Vmrmnumyj bm pjdadj aehjrpjrmr km gxpgrageham dgk sastglm aetgremhajemk dg prjtghhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs dg km lu`gr (qug aehkuyg mk ljvalagetj luedamk dg lu`grgs) ge su lís rghagetg ejrlmtavm aetgrem ge km lmtgram:

•

ºHuík gs gk nrmdj dg mpkahmhaøe dg praehapajs, ejrlms y rghjlgedmhajegs aetgremhajemkgs qug bme pjdadj aeikuar ge km rgdmhhaøe dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 dg ‛Vrjtghhaøe aetgnrmk m kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham“: 9

•

ºHølj km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 rgikg`m gk hjehgptj dg aetgnrmkadmd prjpugstj m pmrtar dg km Hulorg dg Ogaàen y rghjnadjs ge kjs ‛Vkmegs dg Anumkdmd dg Jpjrtueadmdgs pmrm kms lu`grgs A y AA ge km prjpugstm dg eugvms aestmehams y lghmeasljs qug hrgm:

.

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Hmpìtukj AA ‘ Lmrhj rgigrgehamk Xagedj km pralgrm aevgstanmhaøe rgkmtavm m km hjevgehajemkadmd dg km Kgy 7>>>>/?6=9 ‛Dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk m kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham“, ge gstg lmrhj rgigrgehamk sg gxpjeg gk hjetgxtj dg km prjokglítahm dg km vajkgeham dgsdg km tgjrìm, dgsdg km ngjnrmiìm pjkìtahm y sjhamk, y dgsdg km ejrlmtavm alpgrmtavm mk Xastglm @urìdahj Vmrmnumyj vangetg. Mdahajemklgetg, sg prgsgetmríe tgxtjs qug bahagrje pmrtg dgk meíkasas kgnaskmtavj ge gk prjhgsj dg mprjomhaøe y prjluknmhaøe dg km ejrlm pjr hjesadgrmrkjs rgkgvmetgs. ?.= Hjetgxtj dg km prjokglítahm dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs dgsdg km pgrspghtavm aetgremhajemk m km rgmkadmd emhajemk.

Kjs dmtjs qug memkazme km aeijrlmhaøe daspjeaokg sjorg vajkgeham darghtm qug mightm m kms pgrsjems, sgnðe km dgiaeahaøe dg Nmktuen (hatmdj ge Hmkdgrøe Hjehbm, ?668, pín.>4) = aedahme qug Mlárahm Kmtaem gs pjr sì laslm uem rgnaøe vajkgetm. Dg mhugrdj hje km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kms Emhajegs Weadms?, gxastge trgs tapjs dg msgsaemtj0 gk dgkahtavj, gk aetgrpgrsjemk y gk sjhajpjkìtahj.

=

Nmktuen, @jbme (?668) ge Hmkdgrøe Hjehbm, V. (?661) Tgjrìm dg hjeikahtjs dg @jbme Nmktuen. _gvastm Vmz y hjeikahtjs, V.>40 We hjeikahtj (hrasas y jpjrtueadmd) pugdg dgsmrrjkkmr uem lgtm-hjeikahtj, gs dghar, uem mnudazmhaøe egnmtavm dg km hrasas qug kkmlmljs vajkgeham y qug pugdg sgr dg hmríhtgr pkmeaiahmdj j gspjetíegj, vasaokg, j aevasaokg, prgsgetg j iuturj. Km vajkgeham tageg uem trapkg dalgesaøe0 Darghtm, Gstruhturmk y Hukturmk. Jpgrmedj hje gstms trgs dalgesajegs, sg kkmlm vajkgeham m km ‛mirgetm gvatmokg m kms eghgsadmdgs bulmems“, gs su egnmhaøe, msì

tgegljs0 Eghgsadmd dg supgrvavgeham Lugrtg

Eghgsadmd dg oagegstmr

Yajkgeham Gstruhturmk

Gxpkjtmhaøe (Lmtmr dg bmlorg)

Yajkgeham Hukturmk

_gkmtavaslj

Gxpkjtmhaøe (lmetgegr m km pjokmhaøe ge satumhaøe dg pgrlmegetg dgoakadmd) Hjeijrlaslj

Yajkgeham Darghtm

Lutakmhajegs, mhjsj, smehajegs, lasgram

Eghgsadmdgs adgetatmrams Dgsjhamkazmhaøe _gsjhamkazmhaøe Haudmdmeìm dg sgnuedm Vgegtrmhaøe Xgnlgetmhaøe

Eghgsadmdgs dg kaogrtmd _gprgsaøe Dgtgehaøe Gxpuksaøe Lmrnaemhaøe Irmnlgetmhaøe

Mkagemhaøe Gtejhgetraslj

Dgsaeijrlmhaøe Memkimogtaslj

?

Jiahaem dg kms Emhajegs Weadms pmrm km prgvgehaøe dg km drjnm y gk dgkatj, WEJDH (?6=8) Gstudaj Luedamk sjorg Bjlahadaj, píns. 4-7. _ghupgrmdj dg bttps0//www.uejdh.jrn/djhulgets/nsb/pdis/NKJOMKZBJLAHADGZ_gpjrtZGxXulZspmeasb.pdi

2

Eugstrm rgnaøe jhupm gk pralgr kunmr ge kjs trgs. Gk laslj gstudaj, sgýmkm qug, sa oage m eavgk luedamk >1% dg kms vìhtalms dg bjlahadaj sje bjlorgs, ge gk hjetgxtj imlakamr y dg rgkmhajegs dg pmrg`m kms lu`grgs gstíe ge ue ragsnj hjesadgrmokglgetg lmyjr qug kjs bjlorgs. Mlárahm Kmtaem gs km tgrhgrm rgnaøe ge humetj mk eðlgrj nkjomk dg lugrtgs dg lu`grgs ge íloatjs dg vadm j dg hjevavgeham hje 9.166 hmsjs kugnj dg Msam hje =1.>66 y Íirahm hje =8.466 lugrtgs. Tmokm = - Eðlgrj dg lu`grgs msgsaemdms pjr hjlpmýgrjs ìetaljs j imlakamrgs pjr rgnaøe (?6=? j ðktalj mýj daspjeao kg) ge omsg m nríiahj dg WEJDH ?6=8

Msam =1.>66

Íirahm =8.466

Mlárahm Kmtaem 9.166

Gurjpm 8866

Jhgmeìm ?66

Gk aeijrlg Nkjomk Ourdge ji Mrlgd Yajkgehg (Ngegvm Dghkmrmtaje Xghrgtmramt, ?6=7, pín.2>) sgýmkm qug dg kjs lís dg 96.666 msgsaemtjs dg lu`grgs getrg ?66> y ?6=?, lmyjratmramlgetg jhurragrje ge pmìsgs hje mktms tmsms dg iglaeahadajs. Lís dg km latmd dg gstjs pmìsgs sg gehugetrme ge gk hjetaegetg mlgrahmej0 humtrj ge gk Hmraog, humtrj ge Mlárahm Hgetrmk y Xgas ge Mlárahm dgk Xur. Jtrj dmtj saneaiahmtavj dg kms hmrmhtgrìstahms dg km vajkgeham ge km rgnaøe gs qug jhurrg ge íloatjs dg vadm j dg hjevavgeham y qug tageg ue hjstj luy mktj pmrm gk Gstmdj. Aeijrlgs dgk Omehj Aetgrmlgrahmej dg Dgsmrrjkkj sgýmkm qug ue 76 pjr hagetj dg kjs hrìlgegs ge kms haudmdgs 1

kmtaejmlgrahmems jhurrge ge ue =,9 pjr hagetj dg sus hmkkgs 8 y qug ge prjlgdaj pmrm km rgnaøe mkhmezm gk 6,89% dgk Vrjduhtj Orutj Aetgrej dg hmdm pmìs 4. Wem dg hmdm haehj pgrsjems ge Vmrmnumy suiraø mknðe tapj dg vajkgeham djlástahm durmetg su vadm. Gstg gs sjkj uej dg kjs dmtjs prgjhupmetgs qug sg dgsprgedge dg ue rghagetg gstudaj y m rmìz dgk humk sg alpuksm uem kgy dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk pmrm kms lu`grgs 7. Muequg kms dgeuehams prgsgetmdms metg kms aestatuhajegs pmrmnumyms hjrrgspjedge m tjdms kms hkmsgs sjhamkgs, Gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr sgýmkm qug dg mhugrdj m kms dgeuehams prgsgetmdms ge gk Xgrvahaj dg Mtgehaøe m km Lu`gr (XGDMLW_) getrg gk >9 y gk >2% dg kms lu`grgs qug mhudagrje mk sgrvahaj suiragrje vajkgeham pjr sus pmrg`ms 9. Ge gk pralgr sglgstrg dg ?6=>, gk Laeastgraj Vðokahj bm rgnastrmdj ue tjtmk dg ?8 prgsuetjs iglaeahadajs (suoagedj gk prjlgdaj dg ue prgsuetj iglaeahadaj hmdm hmtjrhg dìms m uej hmdm dg sgas dìms) dg kjs humkgs jhbj ym gstíe hmrmtukmdjs hjlj tmkgs, dg mhugrdj m kj lmeaigstmdj pjr km Xgýjrm Mem Lmrìm Omamrda, Laeastrm dg km Lu`gr >. Xgnðe gk Aeijrlg meumk sjorg gk prjnrgsj y kjs dgsmiìjs rgnajemkgs dg km Mngedm ?686 pmrm gk Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg ge Mlárahm Kmtaem y gk Hmraog (HGVMK) 2, km hjyueturm ghjeølahm

8

@matlme, K. (?6=9). Hralg hjehgetrmtaje med bjt spjt dyemlahs ae Kmtae Mlgrahm. ADO ^jrcaen Vmpgr Xgrags, Víns. 4-9. _ghupgrmdj dg0 bttps0//puokahmtajes.amdo.jrn/oatstrgml/bmedkg/==8=1/>>6?/Hralg-Hjehgetrmtaje-med-BjtXpjt-Dyemlahs-ae-Kmtae-Mlgrahm.pdi:sgqugehg<=&asMkkjwgd Omamrda, Mem Lmrìm, Laeastrm dg km Lu`gr (9 dg ùkaj dg ?6=>). Xg rgnastrm ue hmsj dg iglaeahadaj hmdm sgas dìms“, Damraj MOH Hjkjr. Vmrmnumy. _ghupgrmdj dg0 bttp0//www.moh.hjl.py/emhajemkgs/ue-iglaeahadaj-hmdm-sgas-dams=9=6812.btlk:utlZsjurhg-74g727gimm-7681>49= 2 Hjlasaøe Ghjeølahm pmrm Mlárahm Kmtaem y gk Hmraog (HGVMK), (?6=>) Aeijrlg meumk sjorg gk prjnrgsj y kjs dgsmiìjs rgnajemkgs dg km Mngedm ?686 pmrm gk Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg ge Mlárahm Kmtaem y gk Hmraog (KH/K.4?92(IDX.=/8)/_gv.=), Xmetamnj. Vín. ?=-?8. _gshmtmdj dg0 bttp0//rgpjsatjraj.hgpmk.jrn/oatstrgml/bmedkg/==89?/4==>8/>/X=>664>7Zgs.pdi

=6

rgnajemk, qug gs ue dgtgrlaemetg hkmvg dg kms pjsaoakadmdgs dg hjlomtar km pjorgzm y km dgsanumkdmd3 ge sgnuedj kunmr, sg dashutge kms tgedgehams dg kjs aedahmdjrgs sjhamkgs, ge pmrtahukmr uem lg`jrìm lgejs aetgesm qug km josgrvmdm ge km dáhmdm pmsmdm3 ge tgrhgr kunmr, sg dgstmhm km pgrsastgeham dg vmrams ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe, y, iaemklgetg, sg mojrdm km dalgesaøe mloagetmk, uej dg kjs g`gs dg km gstrmtgnam dg trmesijrlmhaøe qug km HGVMK dgejlaeø gk ‛hmloaj gstruhturmk prjnrgsavj“. Getrg kms lís pgrsastgetgs ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe, rgsmktm km dashralaemhaøe bmham kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms. ?.? Lmrhj hjehgptumk0 Km pgrspghtavm dg náegrj, km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, dg kms lu`grgs ge su davgrsadmd y dg kms eaýms hjlj uem vajkmhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs.

Gk aestrulgetj qug lmrhm km ueavgrsmkadmd dg km kuhbm pjr kjs dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs gs km Hjevgehaøe pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg tjdm ijrlm dg Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr (HGDM^). M pgsmr dg qug gstm Hjevgehaøe iugrm mprjomdm ge dahaglorg dg =1>1, saneaiahø km huklaemhaøe dg lís dg 86 mýjs dg trmom`j dg km Hjlasaøe dg km Hjedahaøe @urìdahm y Xjhamk dg km Lu`gr 1. ?.?.= Náegrj y pgrspghtavm dg Náegrj.

Gk iuedmlgetj praehapmk dg km HGDM^ sg gehugetrm ge kjs jo`gtavjs dg km JEW dg rgmiarlmr kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs iuedmlgetmkgs, ge km daneadmd y gk vmkjr dg km pgrsjem bulmem y ge km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs getrg lu`grgs y bjlorgs. Km Hjevgehaøe dgiaeg gk saneaiahmdj dg anumkdmd g aedahm hølj kjnrmrkm gstmokghagedj, mdglís dg uem dghkmrmhaøe dg dgrghbjs, ue prjnrmlm dg mhhaøe pmrm qug kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs nmrmetahge gk njhg dg gsjs dgrghbjs.

1

Km Hjlasaøe dg km Hjedahaøe @urìdahm y Xjhamk dg km Lu`gr, gs ue ørnmej dgk Xastglm dg kms Emhajegs Weadms hrgmdj ge =149 pmrm sgnuar dg hgrhm km satumhaøe dg km lu`gr y prjljvgr sus dgrghbjs y sg rgðeg meumklgetg. Km kmojr dg km Hjlasaøe bm sadj iuedmlgetmk pmrm pjegr dg lmeaiagstj tjdms kms gsigrms ge qug m km lu`gr sg kg eagnm km anumkdmd hje gk bjlorg, vasaoakazmr km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs y pmrm gstmokghgr km mngedm luedamk dg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs ge gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs.

==

Gk lmedmtj rgspghtj m km anumkdmd dg náegrj (anumkdmd getrg kjs bjlorgs y kms lu`grgs) y gk glpjdgrmlagetj kms lu`grgs, gstí mhjrdmdj ueavgrsmklgetg pjr kjs Gstmdjs Laglorjs dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kms Emhajegs Weadms (dg km humk Vmrmnumy gs uej dg kjs pmìsgs iuedmdjrgs) y genkjom tjdjs kjs íloatjs dg km pmz, gk dgsmrrjkkj y kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs. Kjs lmedmtjs sjorg km anumkdmd dg náegrj tjlme hjlj omsg km Hmrtm dg kms Emhajegs Weadms, km humk, dg lmegrm aegquìvjhm, rgmiarlø km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dg lu`grgs y bjlorgs. Km Humrtm Hjeigrgeham Luedamk sjorg km Lu`gr hgkgormdm ge =117 ge km Haudmd dg Oga`ìe, dgigedaø km aehjrpjrmhaøe dg uem pgrspghtavm dg náegrj hjlj ue geijqug iuedmlgetmk y gstrmtánahj pmrm mkhmezmr kjs hjlprjlasjs ge anumkdmd dg náegrj. Km Dghkmrmhaøe y km Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen rgsuktmetgs aestme m tjdms kms pmrtgs aetgrgsmdms rgkmhajemdms hje pjkìtahms y prjnrmlms dg dgsmrrjkkj, aehkuadms jrnmeazmhajegs dg kms Emhajegs Weadms, Gstmdjs Laglorjs y mhtjrgs dg km sjhagdmd havak, m tjlmr lgdadms ge gstg sgetadj. Gxastge hjlprjlasjs mdahajemkgs aehkuadjs ge gk djhulgetj iaemk dgk vanásalj tgrhgr pgrajdj gxtrmjrdaemraj dg sgsajegs dg km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk, km Dghkmrmhaøe dgk Lakgeaj y davgrsms rgsjkuhajegs y dghasajegs dg km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms, gk Hjesg`j dg Xgnuradmd, gk Hjesg`j Ghjeølahj y Xjhamk y km Hjlasaøe dg km Hjedahaøe @urìdahm y Xjhamk dg km Lu`gr. Kms hjehkusajegs hjevgeadms dg km _gueaøe dgk Hjesg`j Ghjeølahj y Xjhamk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms dg =11> dgiaeìme km aehjrpjrmhaøe dg uem pgrspghtavm dg náegrj hjlj0 Gk prjhgsj dg gvmkumhaøe dg kms hjesghugehams pmrm kms lu`grgs y kjs bjlorgs dg humkquagr mhtavadmd pkmeaiahmdm, aehkusavg kms kgygs, pjkìtahms j prjnrmlms, ge tjdjs kjs sghtjrgs y m tjdjs kjs eavgkgs. Gs uem gstrmtgnam dgstaemdm m bmhgr qug kms prgjhupmhajegs y gxpgragehams dg kms lu`grgs, msì hjlj dg kjs bjlorgs, sgme ue gkglgetj aetgnrmetg dg km gkmojrmhaøe, km mpkahmhaøe, km supgrvasaøe y km gvmkumhaøe dg kms pjkìtahms y kjs prjnrmlms ge tjdms kms gsigrms pjkìtahms, =?

ghjeølahms y sjhamkgs, m iae dg qug kms lu`grgs y kjs bjlorgs sg ogegiahage pjr anumk y sg alpadm qug sg pgrpgtðg km dgsanumkdmd. Gk jo`gtavj iaemk gs kjnrmr km anumkdmd Ssustmetavm\ getrg kjs náegrjs.

Xgnðe gstj, km anumkdmd dg náegrj gs gk jo`gtavj dg dgsmrrjkkj ngegrmk y m kmrnj pkmzj, lagetrms qug km aehjrpjrmhaøe dg uem pgrspghtavm dg náegrj gs ue hjeùetj dg geijqugs gspghìiahjs y gstrmtánahjs, msì hjlj prjhgsjs táheahjs g aestatuhajemkgs qug sg mdjptme pmrm mkhmezmr gstg jo`gtavj. Km aehjrpjrmhaøe dg uem pgrspghtavm dg náegrj aetgnrm km anumkdmd dg náegrj ge kms jrnmeazmhajegs pðokahms y pravmdms dg ue pmìs, ge pjkìtahms hgetrmkgs j kjhmkgs, y ge prjnrmlms dg sgrvahajs y sghtjramkgs. Hje km vastm pugstm ge gk iuturj, sg prjpjeg trmesijrlmr aestatuhajegs sjhamkgs, kgygs, ejrlms hukturmkgs y príhtahms hjlueatmrams qug sje dashralaemtjrams, pjr g`glpkj, mqugkkms qug kalatme gk mhhgsj dg kms lu`grgs m kjs dgrghbjs sjorg km prjpagdmd j rgstraenge su mhhgsj m kjs gspmhajs pðokahjs. Dgsdg gstm pgrspghtavm, sg hjlprgedg km hugstaøe dg km Davgrsadmd dg kms lu`grgs getgedadm pjr gk dgsmrrjkkj dg ejrlms, pjkìtahms, pkmegs, pjkìtahms y prjyghtjs qug mtagedme tjdms kms eghgsadmdgs dg tjdms kms lu`grgs sae eaenuem ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe pjr ljtavj dg gdmd, kunmr dg rgsadgeham, hkmsg sjhamk, pgrtgegeham aedìngem, rmzm, adajlm qug bmokg, dashmpmhadmd j humkquagr jtrm dastaehaøe. ?.?.? Km adgetadmd dg Náegrj.

Hjlj rgigrgeham praehapmk pmrm gk iuedmlgetj tgørahj dg km kuhbm hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe bmham km lu`gr sg gehugetrm gk hjehgptj dg náegrj. Gstg hjehgptj hjestatuyg uem hmtgnjrìm gxpkahmtavm dg km hjestruhhaøe sjhamk y saloøkahm sjorg km omsg dg km daigrgeham sgxumk y tageg su jrange ge km psahjkjnìm ge km dáhmdm dg =196. _jogrt Xtjkkgr (=19>, píns. 48=-488) quage gstudamom kjs kkmlmdjs ‛trmstjrejs dg adgetadmd sgxumk“ dgiaeg qug gxastg mknj lís mkkí dg kj =8

oajkønahj ge gk dgsmrrjkkj bulmej y qug dgtgrlaem km adgetadmd y gk hjlpjrtmlagetj. Ge su aevgstanmhaøe, kjs hmsjs qug gstudamom hjedu`grje m Xtjkkgr m supjegr qug km aeikugeham dgk getjrej, km hukturm y kms pmutms sjhamkgs sje kms qug dgtgrlaeme km adgetadmd j hjlpjrtmlagetj lmshukaej j iglgeaej y ej gk sgxj oajkønahj. Ge gstg lmrhj, gk ‛náegrj“ j ‛tgjrìm dg náegrj“ bm jirghadj uem hkmvg pmrm mojrdmr km davgrsadmd y rgaetgrprgtmr kjs hjehgptjs tgørahj-pjkìtahjs dg egutrmkadmd, alpmrhamkadmd y kmahadmd dgk Gstmdj ge gk lmrhj dg ueavgrsmkadmd, aetgrdgpgedgeham g aedavasaoakadmd dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Muequg gstm aevgstanmhaøe sg omsm ge gk meíkasas dg km hjevgehajemkadmd dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 irgetg m ejrlmtavm dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs, gs rgkgvmetg lgehajemr qug gk hjehgptj dg náegrj pgrlatg aehjrpjrmr mk meíkasas m kms pgrsjems hje adgetadmd dg náegrj iglgeaem qug ej eghgsmramlgetg sje oajkønahmlgetg lu`grgs0 quagegs sje pgrsjems adgetaiahmdms hjlj trmesnáegrj, aetgrsgxumkgs iglgeaems y quggr. Gk rghjejhalagetj dg km adgetadmd dg náegrj iglgeaem hjlj ue imhtjr dg dashralaemhaøe y vajkgeham m pgrsjems huyj sgxj mk ljlgetj dg su emhalagetj ej gs kgnmklgetg ‛lu`gr“, gstmom aehkuadj ge gk tgxtj jranaemk dg km prjpugstm dg kgy. Dg mhugrdj m kjs ‛Vraehapajs dg Qjnymcmrtm =6“, Vraehapajs dg kms Emhajegs Weadms sjorg km mpkahmhaøe dg km kgnaskmhaøe aetgremhajemk dg dgrghbjs bulmejs ge rgkmhaøe hje km jragetmhaøe sgxumk y km adgetadmd dg náegrj, sg hjesadgrm qug0

=6

Muequg kjs ‛Vraehapajs“ y ‛Dghkmrmhajegs“ glatadms ge gk lmrhj dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg kjs Dgrghb js Bulmejs ej hjestatuyge uem jokanmhaøe gxprgsm dg kjs Gstmdjs y ej rgquagrge su mdjphaøe, sushraphaøe j rmtaiahmhaøe, sje hjesadgrmdjs hjlj ejrlms dg ‛sjit-kmw“ qug, muequg ej jokanme, gstmokghge lmrhjs gspghamkgs dg aetgrprgtmhaøe dg kms Hjevgehajegs y bmhge pmrtg dg miarlmhajegs pjsatavms mk rgspghtj dg km mpkahmhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Gk tgxtj hjlpkgtj dg kjs ‛ Vraehapajs sjorg km mpkahmhaøe dg km kgnaskmhaøe aetgremhajemk dg dgrghbjs bulmejs ge rgkmhaøe hje km jragetmhaøe sgxumk y km adgetadmd dg náegrj (?66>)“, sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg

ge0 bttp0//www.rgiwjrkd.jrn/hna-oae/tgxas/vtx/rwlmae/jpgedjhpdi.pdi:rgkdjh
=4

Tjdm pgrsjem, hje aedgpgedgeham dg su jragetmhaøe sgxumk j adgetadmd dg náegrj, tageg dgrghbj m km sgnuradmd pgrsjemk y m km prjtghhaøe dgk Gstmdj irgetg m tjdj mhtj dg vajkgeham j dmýj hjrpjrmk qug sgm hjlgtadj pjr iuehajemrajs pðokahjs j pjr humkquagr aedavaduj j nrupj (Vraehapaj 7).

Ge ùeaj dgk mýj ?6=> iug prgsgetmdj metg gk Hjesg`j dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Emhajegs Weadms ue aeijrlg gspghamk qug rgkgvm km vajkgeham y dashralaemhaøe pjr ljtavjs dg jragetmhaøe sgxumk hjlj ue igeølgej nkjomk. Ge gstg aeijrlg sg utakazm uem dgiaeahaøe dg jragetmhaøe sgxumk qug pugdg hjetraouar mk dgomtg sjorg hølj iuedmlgetmr km rgspugstm gstmtmk m km vajkgeham pjr ljtavj dg km adgetadmd sgxumk dg uem pgrsjem0 (…) km jragetmhaøe sgxumk y km adgetadmd dg náegrj sje aebgrgetgs m tjdms kms pgrsjems. Kj qug uej

sagetg ge rgkmhaøe hje jtrm pgrsjem, gsj gs jragetmhaøe sgxumk. Kj qug uej sagetg ge rgkmhaøe hjesanj laslj, qug pugdg daigrar dgk náegrj msanemdj mk emhgr, gsj gs adgetadmd dg náegrj==.

Ge rgkmhaøe mk hahkj dg vadm, gk rghjejhalagetj gxpkìhatj dg km prjbaoahaøe dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms eaýms mdquagrg uem dalgesaøe gspghamk ge km ‛Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj“ (y kms Eaýms) gstmokghagedj gk ‛Vraehapaj dg Vrjtghhaøe Gspghamk“ m pmrtar dgk rghjejhalagetj dg qug km eghgsadmd dg prjpjrhajemrkgs uem prjtghhaøe gspghamk bm sadj geuehamdm ge km Dghkmrmhaøe dg Naegorm dg =1?4 sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj y ge km Dghkmrmhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj mdjptmdm pjr km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk gk ?6 dg ejvaglorg dg =171, y rghjejhadm ge km Dghkmrmhaøe Weavgrsmk dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, ge gk Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs (ge pmrtahukmr ge kjs mrtìhukjs ?8 y ?4), ge gk Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs,

==

Gk Mktj Hjlasajemdj dg kms Emhajegs Weadms pmrm kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dgsaneø m ue Gxpgrtj Aedgpgedagetg sjorg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham y dashralaemhaøe hje ljtavj dg km jragetmhaøe sgxumk. Gk Xr. Yavat Luetmrobjre iug mdglís rgspjesmokg dgk aeijrlg ‛Davgrsaty ae bulmeaty, bulmeaty ae davgrsaty“ (Davgrsadmd ge km bulmeadmd, bulmeadmd ge km davgrsadmd, Vín. 4) ge djedg sg rgkgvme dmtjs y rghjlgedmhajegs m kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtg dg kms Emhajegs Weadms pmrm bmhgr irgetg m gstms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe y vajkgeham. Aeijrlmhaøe mdahajemk y gk aeijrlg sg gehugetrme daspjeaokgs ge0 bttp0//www.jbhbr.jrn/XV/EgwsGvgets/Vmngs/NgedgrAdgetaty_gpjrt.mspx#stbmsb.>aINp1tP.dpui

=7

Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs (ge pmrtahukmr, ge gk mrtìhukj =6) y ge kjs gstmtutjs g aestrulgetjs pgrtaegetgs dg kjs jrnmeasljs gspghamkazmdjs y dg kms jrnmeazmhajegs aetgremhajemkgs qug sg aetgrgsme ge gk oagegstmr dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Gstm prjtghhaøe momrhm, sae dashralaemhaøe dg sgxj, m km prjtghhaøe metg tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham. Ge humetj m km dgiaeahaøe ùrìdahm dg vajkgeham, gk Dahhajemraj @urìdahj Jssjraj (?669, pín. 118), dgiaeg m vajkgeham hjlj0 (Km) Mhhaøe y gightj dg vajkgetmr, dg mpkahmr lgdajs vajkgetjs m hjsms j pgrsjems pmrm vgehgr su rgsastgeham (…) Km vajkgeham pugdg sgr g`grhadm pjr uem pgrsjem sjorg jtrms dg ljdj lmtgramk j

ljrmk3 ge gk pralgr hmsj, km gxprgsaøe gquavmkg m iugrzm, y ge gk sgnuedj, m aetaladmhaøe. Q hje rgspghtj mk pralgrj, gk glpkgj dg km vajkgeham gs kj qug hjeianurm j hmkaiahm dgtgrlaemdjs dgkatjs (bjlahadaj, rjoj, vajkmhaøe, qugormetmlagetj dg hjedgem, gvmsaøe, mkkmemlagetjs dg ljrmdm) tglms hjesadgrmdjs ge kms vjhgs rgspghtavms=?

?.?.8 Náegrj, Yajkgeham y Xgnuradmd Bulmem.

Km rgspjesmoakadmd dg tjdj Gstmdj pmrm prjtgngr m kms lu`grgs, sae eaenuem ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe, metg tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham gxhgdg km hugstaøe dg km vadm pravmdm. Wej dg kjs lmyjrgs suhgsjs dgk ljvalagetj iglaeastm aetgremhajemk ge km dáhmdm dg =116 iug km ijrlukmhaøe =8

dgk hjehgptj dg qug ‛kjs dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs sje dgrghbjs bulmejs “.

=?

Jssjraj, L. (?669) Dahhajemraj dg Hagehams @urìdahms, Vjkìtahms y Xjhamkgs. Ougejs Margs. Km Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen (=117, pín. ?) hjeiarlm qug km prjtghhaøe y prjljhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs gs km pralgrm rgspjesmoakadmd dg kjs njoagrejs y gstí ge gk hgetrj dgk trmom`j dg kms Emhajegs Weadms y ijrlukm pjr pralgrm vgz gk hjehgptj dg qug kjs dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs sje dgrghbjs bulmejs. =8

Daspjeaokg ge0 bttp0//ogaàen?6.uewjlge.jrn/gs/ae-ijhus/bulme-ranbts#stbmsb.t??GbyOy.dpui

=9

M pmrtar dg gstm miarlmhaøe, km hugstaøe dgk dgsmrrjkkj dg pjkìtahms pðokahms dg prjtghhaøe m kms lu`grgs bmhg pmrtg dg kjs prghgptjs dg Xgnuradmd Bulmem=4 y Xgnuradmd Haudmdmem=7. Dgsdg km hjehgphaøe iglaeastm, bmy luhbms hrìtahms mk rgspghtj dg km ijrlm ge km qug gs utakazmdj gk hjehgptj mk ej dgsmrrjkkmr ijrlmklgetg gstruhturms, pkmegs y pjkìtahms qug pgrlatme gk dgsmrrjkkj dg pjkìtahms rgmklgetg prgvgetavms ge lmtgram dg km rgkmhaøe dg pjdgr sgxj-náegrj. Kjs hjehgptjs dg pjdgr y vajkgeham sje iuedmlgetmkgs ge km hjehgphaøe dg vajkgeham omsmdm ge msalgtrìms dg náegrj. Ojedgr (=112, pín. ?7) sgýmkm qug gk getgedalagetj dg kms daeílahms dg náegrj rgquagrg gk eghgsmraj getgedalagetj dg km rgprjduhhaøe dgk ljdgkj dg vajkgeham lmhbastm y pmtramrhmk ge kj sjhamk y ge gk íloatj gstmtmk. Hjehgptj dg kj humk sg pugdg aeigrar qug km sgnuradmd haudmdmem rgquagrg gk rghjejhalagetj dg qug gk Gstmdj dgog ijrlukmr pjkìtahms dg sgnuradmd haudmdmem qug rghjejzhme km pmrtahukmradmd dg km prjtghhaøe dg kms lu`grgs ge su davgrsadmd hjlj uem mhhaøe dg dashralaemhaøe pjsatavm dgk Gstmdj y dg hmríhtgr prgvgetavj metg kms rgkmhajegs dg pjdgr qug mtgetme hjetrm sus dgrghbjs. Gk hjehgptj ljdgrej dg sgnuradmd haudmdmem iug prgsgetmdj ge =118 pjr gk Vrjnrmlm dg kms Emhajegs Weadms pmrm gk Dgsmrrjkkj (VEWD) y iug ijrlmklgetg mrtahukmdj ge gk ‛WEDV Meeumk

=4

Xgnuradmd bulmem gs ue lmrhj ejrlmtavj daeílahj y príhtahj pmrm bmhgr irgetg m kms mlgemzms dg hmríhtgr aetgrsghtjramk y ngegrmkazmdj hje qug sg geirgetme kjs njoagrejs y kms pgrsjems. Dmdj qug kms mlgemzms m km sgnuradmd bulmem prgsgetme nrmedgs daigrgehams ge gk pkmej emhajemk g aetgremhajemk y m kj kmrnj dgk taglpj, km mpkahmhaøe dgk hjehgptj dg sgnuradmd bulmem rgquagrg uem gvmkumhaøe dg kms aesgnuradmdgs bulmems qug sgm mlpkam, hgetrmdm ge kms pgrsjems, gspghìiahm pmrm hmdm hjetgxtj y jragetmdm m km prgvgehaøe. Gstg pkmetgmlagetj myudm m hgetrmr km mtgehaøe ge kms mlgemzms gxastgetgs y glgrngetgs pmrm km sgnuradmd y gk oagegstmr dg kms pgrsjems y kms hjlueadmdgs. Hjehgptj y dgiaeahaøe tjlmdm dg km JEW, daspjeaokg ge0 bttp0//www.ue.jrn/bulmesghuraty/gs/hjetget/gk-hjehgptj-dg-sgnuradmd-bulmem =7 Trapp, Lmrx Igrrgg y G waen (?6=8) Ngedgr, vajkgehg med bulme sghuraty. Hratahmk iglaeast pgrspghtavgs. Egw Qjrc Weavgrsaty Vrgss, Egw Qjrc, pín. 93 Xgýmkme qug Xgnuradmd Haudmdmem gs ue hjehgptj qug hmloam gk pmrílgtrj dg ijhmkazmhaøe dg kms pjkìtahms pðokahms dgk Gstmdj dg kms mlgemzms ge íloatj hralaemk m mlgemzms glgrngetgs dgk getjrej ge gk íloatj dg prjtghhaøe dg dgrghbjs hjlj bmlorg, pjorgzm, gpadglams, lanrmhajegs u jtrjs tapjs dg hrasas j dg mtgehaøe m sghtjrgs hkmvg hjlj lu`grgs, eaýgz, pgrsjems aedìngems, pgrsjems mduktms lmyjrgs, gth. Dg gstm lmegrm, sg gstmokghg ue hmloaj dg pmrmdanlm dg uem sgnuradmd gstmtmk rgmhtavm dg kms pmutms hralaejkønahms m km prgvgetavm rghjejhagedj gk dgrghbj m km prjtghhaøe sjorg tjdm ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe y vajkgeham.

=>

_gpjrt je Bulme Dgvgkjplget (=114, pín. 8)=9“. Gstg eugvj hjehgptj, hjesadgrmdj prjomokglgetg mloahajsj ge su ljlgetj, sgýmkm m km pgrsjem bulmem hjlj hgetrj dg pjkìtahms y príhtahms dg kjs Gstmdjs metg mlgemzms dg su getjrej m su dgsmrrjkkj gstruhturmk y su oagegstmr mtgedagedj m kms hugstajegs ngegrmkgs y pmrtahukmrgs dg hmdm nrupj gspghìiahj=>. Vmrtagedj dgk hjehgptj dg km luktapkahadmd dg hmusms dg kjs hjeikahtjs pgrsjemkgs y sjhamkgs, y km eghgsadmd dg mojrdmr gsm vajkgeham ge km eghgsadmd dgk getgedalagetj dg kms laslms ge djedg kms laslms pmrtgs luhbms vghgs daiagrge ge su pgrhgphaøe dg huík gs km hjetrmdahhaøe j rmìz dg ue hjeikahtj, gs djedg dgog rmdahmr km iuehaøe gstmtmk dg dmr uem rgspugstm (prgvgetavm, prjmhtavm j rgprgsavm) dg km vajkgeham. Xgnðe Hmkdgrøe Hjehbm (?661, pín. 92) ge luhbjs hmsjs, kms hmusms dg ue hjeikahtj sje daiìhakgs dg daigrgehams bmstm pmrm kms laslms pmrtgs j gstíe jhuktms, ym qug kms pmrtgs y sje pgrsjems prjtmnjeastms dgk hjeikahtj (aehkuadjs pjkìtahjs/ms y lgdajs dg

=9

Gk aeijrlg hjlpkgtj sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge bttp0//bdr.uedp.jrn/satgs/dgimukt/iakgs/rgpjrts/?77/bdrZ=114ZgeZhjlpkgtgZejstmts.pdi => Mk rgspghtj dg km hugstaøe dg kms rgkmhajegs aetgrpgrsjemkgs, Hmkdgrøe Hbjehbm (?661) memkazm km tgjrìm dgk hjeikahtj ge tjrej m km tgjrìm dg Nmktuen sjorg kjs hjeikahtjs y sgýmkm qug0 Kms pgrsjems sje sastglms hjlpkg`js hje hjlpjegetgs aetrmpgrsjemkgs hjlj hjneahajegs y gljhajegs. Gstms pgrsjems aetgrmhtðme ijrlmedj nrupjs qug m su vgz aetgrmhtðme getrg gkkjs hjestatuygedj kms sjhagdmdgs qug mk laslj taglpj aetgrmhtðme hjlj gstmdjs y emhajegs qug m su vgz pugdge sgr pmrtg dg havakazmhajegs y rgnajegs qug aetgrmhtðme hjestatuygedj, ej luedjs, saej ue luedj qug aetgrmhtðm y hjestatuyg ue sastglm pkmegtmraj. Xgnðe Nmktuen uem tgjrìm dg hjeikahtjs dgogrí mojrdmr tjdms gstms rgmkadmdgs qug hjestatuyge km hjedahaøe luktaeavgk dg km gspghag bulmem. Vmrm bmokmr dg uem tgjrìm dg hjeikahtjs hjlj ue hmlpj hagetìiahj aetgrdashapkaemr, km pralgrm prugom qug sg tageg qug supgrmr gs km ueadashapkaemragdmd. Gstm saneaiahmrí ge pralgr kunmr km dgiaeahaøe dg ue jo`gtj dg gstudaj, ge gstg hmsj gk hjeikahtj. Vmrm kkgnmr m ue hjehgptj dg hjeikahtj, Nmktuen bmhg ue g`grhahaj dg sìetgsas hjehgptumk prjduhtj dgk meíkasas y km aetgrmhhaøe dg daigrgetgs aetgetjs dg rgspugstms j tgedgehams, qug m kmrnj dg km bastjram dg km bulmeadmd sg dagrje kjs bjlorgs pmrm pjdgr gxpkahmrsg gstg igeølgej0 Wem pralgrm kìegm dg rgspugstms qug sg geijhme sjorg mspghtjs aetgrajrgs mk sgr bulmej (hjlj gk jdaj). Vjr g`glpkj, Irgud suormym km rmìz dg kjs lasljs ge prjhgsjs y ge hjetrmdahhajegs pgrsjemkgs (getrg gk Gkkj y gk Xðpgr Qj). Wem sgnuedm kìegm sg hjehgetrmom iuedmlgetmklgetg ge km aehjlpmtaoakadmd dg jo`gtavjs dg kms pmrtgs (Dmrwae, hjlpgtahaøe). Km tgrhgrm kìegm sg ijhmkazm ge gk bghbj gxtgrej dg kms hjetrmdahhajegs. Lmrx sg hgetrm ge kms hjetrmdahhajegs aetrm-sjhamkgs (getrg hmpatmk y trmom`j, j getrg kjs lgdajs y kjs ljdjs dg prjduhhaøe). Hjlj sg pugdg mprghamr, gstms rgspugstms narme ge tjrej m kms dalgesajegs aetgrajr, gxtgrajr g aetgrajr dg kms rgkmhajegs bulmems. Ej sg pjdrìm prgshaedar dg eaenuem dg gkkms sa dg ue meíkasas hjlpkgxavj y jo`gtavj dg kjs hjeikahtjs sg trmtm3 ge gightj km aetgrmhhaøe dg gstms trgs dalgesajegs, ejs dmríe ge Nmktuen, uem dgiaeahaøe dg •

•

•

hjeikahtj. Gs dghar, hjeikahtj gs0 Mhtatudgs, prgsuehajegs + hjlpjrtmlagetj (Ogbmvajur) + hjetrmdahhaøe.

=2

hjlueahmhaøe) prgiagrge hgetrmrsg ge kms mhtatudgs y km hjeduhtm, tmetj km suym prjpam (qug ge ngegrmk sg mutj-hjehaog hjlj pjsatavm) hjlj ge km dgk jtrj (qug sugkg dgshraoarsg ngegrmklgetg hjlj egnmtavm). (…) hjetmr hje uem almnge hjeshagetg y hmomk dgk hjeikahtj, hje tjdjs sus mspghtjs prjiuedjs,

sus hjedahajemetgs bastørahms, sgrí uem hjedataj saeg qum eje pmrm km trmesijrlmhaøe dgk laslj. Gk prjhgsj dg hjehagetazmhaøe gvatmrí km hjsaiahmhaøe dg kjs mhtjrgs bmhagedj dg gkkjs prjtmnjeastms dgk prjhgsj, gs dghar, (sgnðe Nmktuen) ue mhtjr hjeshagetg sgrí hmpmz dg daranar gsm trmesijrlmhaøe aehkuygedj km prjpam. (Hmkdgrøe hjehbm3 ?661, pín. >?).

Gstg getgedalagetj luktaimhátahj dg kms hmusms dg km vajkgeham hjlj gstruhturm dg km rgspugstm gstmtmk m pmrtar dg pjkìtahms dg sgnuradmd haudmdmem mpjrtm ue gspmhaj iuedmlgetmk pmrm gk dgsmrrjkkj dg pjkìtahms y príhtahms gspghamklgetg dgdahmdms m km prjtghhaøe dg kms lu`grgs m tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham. Ge hjesghugeham, jtrj gspghamk batj ge gk dgsmrrjkkj dg ejrlms dg gspghamk prjtghhaøe m kms lu`grgs kj gstmokghg km hrgmhaøe dg km Hjlasaøe dg kms Emhajegs Weadms dg Xgnuradmd Bulmem (?66=, pín. 19). Ge su rgpjrtg dgk mýj ?668=2, sgýmkm gspghìiahmlgetg0 (…) Bulme sghuraty lgmes tj prjtght tbg vatmk hjrg ji mkk bulme kavgs ae wmys tbmt gebmehg

bulme irggdjls med bulme iukiaklget. Bulme sghuraty lgmes prjtghtaen iuedmlgetmk irggdjls -irggdjls tbmt mrg tbg gssgehg ji kaig-. At lgmes prjtghtaen pgjpkg irjl hratahmk (sgvgrg) med pgrvmsavg (wadgsprgmd) tbrgmts med satumtajes. At lgmes usaen prjhgssgs tbmt ouakd je pgjpkg´s strgentbs med msparmtajes. At lgmes hrgmtaen pjkatahmk, sjhamk, gevarjelgetmk, ghjejlah, lakatmry med hukturmk systgls tbmt tjngtbgr navg pgjpkg tbg ouakdaen okjhcs ji survavmk med daneaty (…).

=2

Gk aeijrlg sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge0

bttp0//www.ue.jrn/bulmesghuraty/satgs/www.ue.jrn.bulmesghuraty/iakgs/hbsZiaemkZrgpjrtZ-Zgenkasb.pdi

=1

Km sgnuradmd bulmem saneaiahm prjtgngr gk eðhkgj vatmk dg tjdms kms vadms bulmems ge ijrlms qug lg`jrge kms kaogrtmdgs bulmems y km rgmkazmhaøe bulmem. Km sgnuradmd bulmem saneaiahm prjtgngr kms kaogrtmdgs iuedmlgetmkgs -kms kaogrtmdgs qug sje km gsgeham dg km vadm-. Xaneaiahm prjtgngr m km ngetg dg mlgemzms y satumhajegs hrìtahms (sgvgrms) y ngegrmkazmdms (daiuedadms). Xaneaiahm usmr prjhgsjs qug sg omsme ge kms ijrtmkgzms y msparmhajegs dg km ngetg. Xaneaiahm hrgmr sastglms pjkìtahjs, sjhamkgs, mloagetmkgs, ghjeølahjs, lakatmrgs y hukturmkgs qug ùetjs dge m km ngetg kjs pakmrgs dg km supgrvavgeham y km daneadmd. Hjlasaøe dg Xgnuradmd Bulmem dg kms Emhajegs Weadms (?668, pín. 4).

Dg gstm lmegrm, km Hjlasaøe rgiagrg gspghamklgetg m km hjehgphaøe dg km prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk m tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham, aehkuygedj mspghtjs tme mlpkajs dgsdg km vajkgeham ge íloatjs qug pugdme hjesadgrmrsg hjlj pravmdjs m mqugkkms vaehukmdms hje km pjorgzm, smkud, gduhmhaøe, getrg jtrms. ?.8 Lmrhj Kgnmk. ?.8.= Metghgdgetgs sjorg gk trmtmlagetj dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms ge Vmrmnumy.

Dglmrhmedj km mpkahmhaøe dgk hjehgptj dg ‛dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs“ hjlj mqugkkjs dgrghbjs qug glmeme darghtm j aedarghtmlgetg dg km Dghkmrmhaøe Weavgrsmk dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs (=142) pjr lgdaj dg ejrlms dgk dgejlaemdj sastglm aetgremhajemk dg prjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, km bastjram dgk rghjejhalagetj dg gstjs dgrghbjs ge Vmrmnumy pugdg davadarsg ge trgs pgrìjdjs0 Metgs dg =121, getrg =121 y ?666 y pjst ?666. Ge km pralgrm, dg rghjejhalagetjs ijrlmkgs dgsdg km gstruhturm gstmtmk, gs hjaehadgetg ge nrme pmrtg hje km dahtmdurm dg Xtrjgssegr, søkj sg rgnastrm km aehkusaøe dg djs trmtmdjs0 uej dgk Xastglm ?6

Aetgrmlgrahmej rgkmtavj m dgrghbjs gkghtjrmkgs (qug ej gs lgejr ym qug dgtgrlaem gk vjtj ueavgrsmk dg kms lu`grgs ge su prjhgsj dg alpkglgetmhaøe) y jtrj dgk Xastglm Weavgrsmk rgkmtavj m km prjtghhaøe dg kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg prjtghhaøe, gk Hjevgeaj pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr, hjejhadm hjlj HGDM^ pjr sus sankms ge aenkás y hjesadgrmdm hjlj gk lmrhj pmrm gk gstmokghalagetj dg dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs dg lmegrm aetgnrmk ge pjkìtahms pðokahms dg kjs Gstmdjs pmrtg dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kms Emhajegs Weadms. M pgsmr qug m HGDM^ iugrm rmtaiahmdm ge gk lmrhj dg ue njoagrej ge gk qug luhbjs dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ej grme rgspgtmdjs pjr gk laslj gstmdj, ej gxastg ijrlmklgetg gk hjehgptj dg prgvgehaøe dg vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs bmstm gk prjhgsj dg hjeijrlmhaøe dg km Hjevgehaøe Emhajemk Hjestatuygetg dgsdg =121 =1, ge gspghamk dgsdg km Aetgromehmdm dg Lu`grgs Hjevgehajemkgs Hjestatuygetgs. Km sgnuedm gtmpm, dg rghjejhalagetjs pjkìtahjs y dashusaøe pjr gk rghjejhalagetj dg dgrghbjs hjehgetrmdm ge jrnmeazmhajegs dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y dg Dgrghbjs dg km Lu`gr, sg aeaham hje gk prjhgsj dg rgjrdgemlagetj ùrìdahj ge dgljhrmham hje km aehjrpjrmhaøe dg kms ejrlms iuedmlgetmkgs dgk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej y gk prjhgsj dg hjestruhhaøe y prjluknmhaøe dg km Hjestatuhaøe dg km _gpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy. Ge km Hjestatuhaøe, mdglís dg km prjbaoahaøe dg km tjrturm y tjdj trmtj hrugk, aebulmej y dgnrmdmetg dgsdg y/j hje mquagshgeham dg kms mutjradmdgs dgk Gstmdj (mknj qug ge su ljlgetj ej tageg rgkgvmeham pmrm gstm aevgstanmhaøe pgrj qug m iuturj sì kj tgedrí dmdj qug km aetgrprgtmhaøe y ùrasprudgeham aetgremhajemk darí qug gsm mquagshgeham

=1

Gk ?8 dg lmrzj dg =11?, hje aetgrvgehaøe praehapmk dg kms Hjevgehajemkgs Drm. Metjeam Aranjatam, Kah. Hrastaem Luýjz y Drm. Xusmem Ljrìeanj sg aeahaø km sgsaøe dg km Hjevgehaøe Emhajemk Hjestatuygetg, hje km dashusaøe ngegrmk sjorg km anumkdmd dg km lu`gr g aeahaø gk prjhgsj dg trmtmlagetj dg anumkdmd metg km kgy, anumkdmd dg jpjrtueadmdgs y gquadmd ge tjdj gk tgxtj hjestatuhajemk. Damraj dg Xgsajegs dg km Hjevgehaøe Emhajemk Hjestatuygetg Erj =9, rgshmtmdj dg0 bttp0//www.omhe.njv.py/hjestatuhaje/hjlasaje-rgdmhtjrm/hr-68-?8-sgsaje-erj=9.btl

?=

mkhmezm mk íloatj pravmdj y bmstm mk íloatj djlástahj) gstmokghg ge su mrtìhukj 96 ‛Km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham0 Gk Gstmdj prjljvgrí pjkìtahms qug tgenme pjr jo`gtj gvatmr km vajkgeham ge gk íloatj imlakamr y jtrms hmusms qug mtgetge hjetrm su sjkadmradmd“ ge hjehjrdmeham hje km prjtghhaøe dgk dgrghbj m km vadm (Mrtìhukj 4), dg km prjbaoahaøe dg bmhgr ùstaham pjr sì laslj (Mrtìhukj =7), dg km prjtghhaøe m km imlakam (Mrtìhukj 41), dg km prjtghhaøe dgk eaýj y km eaým (Mrtìhukj 74) y dg km ej dashralaemhaøe (Mrtìhukj 22). M pmrtar dg km mprjomhaøe dg km Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk ge =11?, sg gstmokghge uem sgrag dg mhhajegs, pjkìtahms, pkmegs y prjnrmlms dg njoagrej qug tagege su gxprgsaøe iuedmhajemk ge km hrgmhaøe dg km getjehgs Xghrgtmrìm dg km Lu`gr (kugnj Laeastgraj) pjr lgdaj dg km Kgy 84/=11?. Ge lmtgram ijrlmk, gk rghjejhalagetj dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs bm gvjkuhajemdj dgsdg gk ej rghjejhalagetj m uem dgshraphaøe mlpkam dg daigrgetgs ijrlms dg vajkgeham qug pugdge mightmr m kms lu`grgs. Gstg hmloaj dg hjehgphaøe dg kjs imhtjrgs rghjejhadjs pjr gk Gstmdj hjlj ijrlms dg vajkgeham qug lgrghge bmstm km pgrsghuhaøe pgemk ge tme hjrtj taglpj, pmrghg sgr uej dg kjs imhtjrgs qug hjetraouyg m km daiahuktmd dg kjs mhtjrgs gstmtmkgs ge km rgspugstm aestatuhajemk mk igeølgej dg km vajkgeham. Metgs dg =11?, ighbm ge km qug iug prjluknmdm km Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk vangetg, km vajkgeham dg íloatj djlástahj g aetrmimlakamr grm hjehgoadm hjlj prjokglm pravmdj, ge djedg sjkmlgetg sg aetgrvgeìm m aestmeham dg kms pmrtgs hje gk hjesghugetg ragsnj dg suirar lís vajkgeham g alpueadmd pjr pmrtg dg km pgrsjem pgrpgtrmdjrm. Gk Hødanj Havak?6 vangetg bmstm su rgijrlm pmrhamk ge =11? hjetgeìm ejrlms dashralaemtjrams rgspghtj m huíkgs grme hjesadgrmdjs dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs ge

?6

Gk Hødanj Havak dg km _gpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy (Kgy =88>/=122) iug smehajemdj pjr gk Hjenrgsj dg km Emhaøe gk 86 dg jhtuorg dg =122 y prjluknmdj pjr gk Vjdgr G`ghutavj gk 4 dg ejvaglorg dgk laslj mýj. Gstg Hødanj, muequg prgtgedaø ljdgreazmr mk metgrajr, Hødanj dg Yákgz Xmrsiagkd dg =291, lmetuvj luhbjs hjehgptjs y rgstrahhajegs dg dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs.

??

gk lmtraljeaj, hje km bgrgeham, km daspjeaoakadmd dg oagegs y kjs dgrghbjs dg imlakam, aehkuygedj m ba`js g ba`ms?=. Gk Hødanj Vgemk gxalìm dg pgem mk lmradj ge hmsj dg ikmnrmetg mduktgraj dg su lu`gr, aehkuygedj qug kkgnmrm m lmtmrkm m gkkm j m su hølpkahg (mlmetg), om`j gk hjehgptj dg ‛smkvmr su bjejr“ j oage, daslaeuìm km pgem ge hmsj dg mojrtj humedj ástg grm hmusmdj pmrm smkvmr gk bjejr dg km gspjsm, ba`m, bgrlmem j lmdrg. Hje km Hjestatuhaøe dg =11? sg rghjejhg km vajkgeham hjlj ue prjokglm qug mightm kms rgkmhajegs dg imlakam (Mrtìhukj 96). Msalaslj, sg gstmokghg km anumkdmd dg kms pgrsjems ge ngegrmk (Mrtìhukj 49), kms nmrmetìms dg anumkdmd y ej mdlasaøe dg dashralaemhajegs ?? (Mrtìhukj 4>) y sg rghjejhg km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dg kjs bjlorgs y kms lu`grgs (Mrtìhukj 42). Gsg laslj mýj sg lmrhm uej dg kjs batjs lís rgkgvmetgs hje km prjluknmhaøe dg km Kgy qug hrgm uem dgpgedgeham gspghamkazmdm ge km dgigesm y prjljhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs ge gk Vjdgr G`ghutavj0 Km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Lu`gr, bjy Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr. Gstm aestmeham, sgrí rgspjesmokg dg gstmokghgr gk lmrhj rghtjr dgk Njoagrej pjr lgdaj dg pkmegs emhajemkgs gspghamkazmdjs qug dahtmríe praehapajs, ejrlms y prjpugstms pmrm tjdms kms aestmehams gstmtmkgs sjorg km pmrtahapmhaøe dg kms lu`grgs, gk rghjejhalagetj dg dgrghbjs y gk dasgýj dg aestmehams, prjhgdalagetjs y gstrmtgnams pmrm km nmrmetìm dg sus dgrghbjs. Msalaslj, sgrí mrtìiahg dg km prjljhaøe dg kgnaskmhaøe gspghamk y gspghamkazmdm ge km lmtgram.

?=

Gk Mrtahukj 77 dgk Hødanj dg Yákgz Xmrsiagkd gstmokghìm sgnðe kgy =>.>==. Tgxtj dgk Hødanj Havak0 Xje aehmpmhgs rgspghtj dg hagrtjs mhtjs j dgk ljdj dg g`grhgrkjs0 =¶ Kjs lgejrgs mduktjs3 ?¶ Kms lu`grgs hmsmdms. Msalaslj, gstmokghìm qug km rgprgsgetmhaøe kgnmk dg kms laslms, gstmom m hmrnj dg su lmradj (Mrtìhukj 7>) y gstmokghìm uem sgrag dg kalatmetgs ge humetj mk usj y njhg dg oagegs (Hmpìtukj YA - Dgrghbjs y jokanmhajegs dg kjs høeyungs3 Mrtìhukj =24 y sans.) ?? Gk prjyghtj dg mrtìhukj hjestatuhajemk dgk Hgetrj Aetgrdashapkaemraj dg Dgrghbj Xjhamk y Ghjejlìm Vjkìtahm (HADXGV) prjpjeìm km aehjrpjrmhaøe tmxmtavm dg ljtavjs irgetg mk hjehgptj dg ‛ej dashralaemhaøe“, bmhagedj rgigrgeham m

sgxj0 Anumkdmd metg km Kgy. Tjdms kms pgrsjems sje anumkgs metg km kgy, sae dashralaemhaøe mknuem pjr rmzøe dg rmzm, rgkanaøe, sgxj, adajlm, jpaeaøe j harhuestmeham pgrsjemk, sjhamk j áteahm.

?8

Ge gk íloatj aetgremhajemk, ge gk mýj =117 sg rgmkazm ge Ogaàen, Hbaem, uem rgueaøe aetgremhajemk qug lmrhmrí, getrg jtrms hjsms, uej dg kjs pralgrjs dgsmiìjs nkjomkgs ge lmtgram dg kuhbm hjetrm km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs0 gk Vkme y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Ge Vmrmnumy sg prjluknm km Kgy 967 qug aehjrpjrm ge gk Xastglm @urìdahj Emhajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr, hjejhadm hjlj ‛Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí“. M pmrtar dg gstg mýj, sg rgiugrzm gk prjhgsj dg rgijrlms pmrm gk rghjejhalagetj dg km vajkgeham qug suirge kms lu`grgs hjlj ue mhtj qug lgrghg km smehaøe kgnmk g aetgrvgehaøe dgk Gstmdj. Msì, gk Hødanj Vgemk dg =11> aehjrpjrø km vajkgeham imlakamr hjlj ue dgkatj hje pgem dg luktm, y, bmham iaegs dg km dáhmdm, sg gstmokghaø gk prjhgsj qug pgrlataø km rgdmhhaøe dg uem prjpugstm dg Kgy qug gstmokghg km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm ge rgspugstm dg km vajkgeham djlástahm qug suirge kms lu`grgs. Km tgrhgrm gtmpm, dg rghjejhalagetj dg dgrghbjs gspghamkgs j dg hjestruhhaøe dgk rghjejhalagetj ijrlmk dg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs, sg aeaham hje km prjluknmhaøe dg km Kgy =966/?666 hjetrm km ‛Yajkgeham djlástahm“, y lmrhm gk prjhgsj qug pgrlatg gk aeahaj dg ue dgomtg lís mlpkaj qug aehkuyg m km hjlueadmd y jrnmeazmhajegs dg omsg. Hjlj hjesghugeham, sg rgmkazme vmrams rgijrlms dg ge humetj m km tapaiahmhaøe pgemk dg km vajkgeham hjlj dgkatj, sg mlpkìm km dashusaøe dg km hugstaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe m jtrjs nrupjs (aehkuygedj mk dgomtg sjorg lu`grgs trmes, aetgrsgxumkgs iglgeaems y quggr), sjorg dgrghbjs sgxumkgs y rgprjduhtavjs ge gk íloatj dg km gduhmhaøe, dg km smkud pðokahm y dg vajkgeham ge gk íloatj kmojrmk. Ge gk íloatj dg km rgspugstm ùrasdahhajemk m km vajkgeham, gs gk pgrìjdj ge gk qug sg aehjrpjrm luhbj dgomtg y sg ngegrm ùrasprudgeham, sg hrgm km Xghrgtmrìm dg Náegrj dgk Vjdgr @udahamk, Hjlasmrìms Gspghamkazmdms pmrm km mtgehaøe m lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham y sus imlakamrgs ge km ?4

Vjkahìm Emhajemk y sg rghjejhg ge íloatj ùdahamk m kms lu`grgs hjlj uej dg kjs nrupjs hjesadgrmdjs ge satumhaøe dg vukegrmoakadmd qug rgquagrge dg mhhajegs pjsatavms ge gk Mhhgsj m km @ustaham. Ge humetj m km gspghaiahadmd dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, ge gk mýj ?666 sg dahtø km pralgrm kgy dg hmríhtgr havak pmrm km mdjphaøe dg lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe urngetgs ge hmsjs dg vajkgeham djlástahm (Kgy =966/66) hjlj hjesghugeham dg km pjkìtahm pðokahm dg =114 qug mprjoø gk A Vkme Emhajemk pmrm km Vrgvgehaøe y Xmehaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr, y ge ?6=9 sg prgsgetø y mprjoø pjr dghrgtj gk AA Vkme Emhajemk Hjetrm km Yajkgeham bmham kms Lu`grgs ?6=7-?6?6. Mlojs pkmegs rghjejhge km vajkgeham omsmdm ge náegrj ge sus davgrsms lmeaigstmhajegs. Tmloaáe kjs trgs pkmegs emhajemkgs dg anumkdmd dg jpjrtueadmdgs dgsmrrjkkmdjs pjr km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Lu`gr, kugnj Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr m pmrtar dg ?6=?, aehjrpjrmrje gk dgrghbj m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham hjlj ue hjlpjegetg hkmvg. Ge ?66> sg prgsgetø gk pralgr prjyghtj dg kgy ‛]ug rgpralg tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham hjet rm km lu`gr“ pmrm tapaiahmr gk iglaeahadaj y jtrjs bghbjs pueaokgs hjlj km vajkgeham ghjeølahm, sgxumk, gth. Dgsdg getjehgs bme sadj vmrajs kjs prjyghtjs dg kgy prgsgetmdjs metg mloms Hílmrms dg Hjenrgsj, aehkusj prjyghtjs qug ljdaiahme gk mrtìhukj ??1 dgk Hødanj Vgemk y km Kgy =966/66. M pmrtar dgk ?6=? sg prgsgetmrje djs prjyghtjs dg kgy hje ue geijqug dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk dg km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs, mlojs alpuksmdjs pjr kjs trgs pjdgrgs dgk Gstmdj (Vjdgr @udahamk, G`ghutavj y Kgnaskmtavj). Gk pralgrj iug rghbmzmdj pjr trgs hjlasajegs dgk Hjenrgsj y gk sgnuedj (prgsgetmdj ge lmrzj dg ?6=7) mvmezø hje dgstmhmdm pmrtahapmhaøe dg km sjhagdmd havak, bmoagedj sadj mprjomdj ge ngegrmk ge dahaglorg dg ?6=7, smehajemdj pjr km Hílmrm dg Daputmdjs hje ljdaiahmhajegs ge mnjstj dg ?6=9 y mprjomdj hje ljdaiahmhajegs ge ejvaglorg pjr km Hílmrm dg Xgemdjrgs. ?7

Tmokm ? - Kìegm dg taglpj dg praehapmkgs batjs dg km kuhbm hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs ge Vmrmnumy m pmrtar dg =11?

=11?

=114

=117

=119

=11>

=112

?666

?668

•Kgy 74/1? qug hrgm km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Lu`gr.

•A Vkme Emhajemk pmrm km prgvgehaøe y smehaøe dg km vajkgeahm hjerm km lu`gr .

•Kgy 967/21 qug mprugom km "Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí"

•AA Vkme Emhajemk Hjetrm km Yajkgeham bmham kms Lu`grgs ?6=7-?6?6 .

•A Vkme Emhajemk dg Anumkdmd dg Jpjrtueadmdgs pmrm kms Lu`grgs =11>-?66=. •Aehjrpjrmhaøe dg km Yajkgeham Imlakamr hjlj dgkatj (mlpkamdj ge ?6=4).

•Kgy =?29/12, Hødanj Vrjhgsmk Vgemk. _gijrlm mk hødanj pgemk, hje km qug gk mhjsj sgxumk qugdø

tapaiahmdj hjlj dgkatj.

•Kgy =966/66, Hjetrm km Yajkgeham Djlástahm. •Kgy =97?/66, qug hrgm gk ‛Xastglm Emhajemk dg Ijrlmhaøe y Hmpmhatmhaøe Kmojrmk“.

•AA Vkme Emhajemk dg Anumkdmd dg Jpjrtueadmdgs ?668-?662.

•Mhhgsj nrmtuatj m látjdjs metahjehgptavjs y hjesg`grìm ge smkud rgprjduhtavm y prjljhaøe ge gk

?669

?66>

?662

?6=?

?6=9

sastglm dg smkud km nrmtuadmd ge km mtgehaøe y lgdahmlgetjs.

•Morg gk pralgr "Hgetrj dg Mkogrnug Trmesatjraj" pmrm vìhtalms dg gstg dgkatj. •Vrjyghtj dg kgy ‛]ug rgpralg tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr“

•Xg hrgm gk pralgr mkogrnug pmrm lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham.

•Kgy 4.9>7/?6=? qug gkgvm mk rmenj dg Laeastgraj m km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Lu`gr

•Xg mprugom km Kgy 7.>>> dg Vrjtghhaøe Aetgnrmk m kms Lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham.

?9

?.8.? Ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr ge gk sastglm ùrìdahj pmrmnumyj.

Gk hjehgptj dg ‛vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr ?8“ gs dgiaeadj pjr km Jrnmeazmhaøe Luedamk dg km Xmkud hjlj ‛Yajkgeham dg pmrg`m y vajkgeham sgxumk hjetrm km lu`gr ?4“. Gk tárlaej, bm gvjkuhajemdj ge Vmrmnumy dg km salpkg hjesadgrmhaøe dg vajkgeham iìsahm hjlj ðeahm ijrlm dg mnrgsaøe qug lgrghìm km prjtghhaøe dgk Gstmdj, m ijrlms lís gkmojrmdms qug rgikg`me km hjlpkgàdmd dgk igeølgej dg km vajkgeham mk qug gstíe gxpugstms kms lu`grgs ym sgm hjlj hjesghugeham dg hjestruhtjs hukturmkgs, sjhamkgs, dashralaemhaøe j omsmdms ge hjesadgrmhajegs dg náegrj. Eaenuem kgnaskmhaøe metgrajr m km Kgy dg Vrjtghhaøe Aetgnrmk m kms Lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham, bmhg uem lgehaøe gspghìiahm m kms lu`grgs ge su dgejlaemhaøe ea kms sgýmkm hjlj su`gtj dg gspghamk prjtghhaøe. Hjlj sg sgýmkø metgrajrlgetg, km Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk sg rgiagrg m ‛vajkgeham ge gk íloatj imlakamr“. Vjr jtrj kmdj, km Kgy =966/?666, sg rgiagrg m vajkgeham djlástahm, y, muequg ge gk tgxtj sg rgiagrg m ‛km vìhtalm“ y ‛gk dgeuehamdj/alputmdj“, ej gxhkuyg km pjsaoakadmd dg quage gs tmetj uem pgrsjem vìhtalm hjlj uem pgrsjem dgeuehamdm y/j alputmdm, pugdm sgr tmetj ue bjlorg hjlj uem lu`gr. Gstm dastaehaøe gs gspghamklgetg alpjrtmetg hjesadgrmedj kms hmrmhtgrìstahms dg ijrlmhaøe y utakazmhaøe dg lgtjdjkjnìms dg rgspugstm gstmtmk dg mhugrdj m kms hmrmhtgrìstahms dg hmdm sgxj, adgetadmd dg náegrj, gdmd, dashmpmhadmd, gth.

?8

Gk Dahhajemraj @urìdahj Jssjraj dgiaeg dg km sanuagetg ijrlm m km ‛Yajkgeham ge kms pgrsjems0 Muequg km kjhuhaøe pjsgg sgetadj luy mlpkaj ge ue meíkasas metaùrìdahj, hje akahatud hjlj prgdjlaemetg, smkvj hulpkalagetj ijrzjsj dg mknuem hjlasaøe kgnmk -km hjlpmrghgeham dg kjs tgstanjs rgogkdgs, km dgtgehaøe m vavm iugrzm dg kjs sjspghbjsjs, km pgrsghuhaøe m iugnj aehkusj dg kjs iunatavjs y km g`ghuhaøe dg km pgem hmpatmk-, mdquagrg tìpahm ijrlukmhaøe ge kj pgemk hjlj uem dg kms harhuestmehams qug trmesijrlme ge rjoj (v.) gk mpjdgrmlagetj dg kms hjsms lugokgs m`gems. Km vajkgeham, qug sg jirghg hjlj mktgremtavm tapaiahmdjrm hje km iugrzm ge kms hjsms (v.), gs dg tjdm ìedjkg, dgsdg km lugrtg y kms kgsajegs, kjs njkpgs j glpu`jegs, bmstm gk mrrgomtj dg mknj qug sg tageg ge sì j ge km lmej y qug sg dasputm, sae dmýj iìsahj j pgrsjemk. Gs dghar, humetj lmeaiagstm km mhtavm jpjsahaøe dgk dgspj`mdj.“ ?4

JLX, Jrnmeazmhaøe Luedamk dg km Xmkud, _gshmtmdj dg0 bttp0//www.wbj.aet/lgdamhgetrg/imhtsbggts/is?81/gs/

?>

Gk Hødanj Vgemk (Kgy ==96/1> y sus ljdaiahmhajegs) ej tapaiahm km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. Xì, tapaiahm km vajkgeham imlakamr ge gk mrtìhukj ??1. Km gvjkuhaøe dgk hjehgptj iug dg km hjesadgrmhaøe dg vajkgeham imlakamr hjlj ue dgkatj dg mhhaøe pravmdm, m aestmeham dg pmrtgs, m mhhaøe pðokahm ?7. Tmokm 8 - Gvjkuhaøe dgk hjehgptj dg Y ajkgeham Imlakamr ge kms ljdaiahmhajegs rgmkazmdms mk Mrtìhukj ??1 dgk Hødanj Vgemk dg Vmrmnumy

Kgy ==96/=11> Gk qug, ge gk íloatj imlakamr, g`grhagrm vajkgeham iìsahm sjorg jtrjs hje quage hjevavm, sgrí hmstanmdj hje luktm.

Kgy 8446/?662 Gk qug, ge gk íloatj imlakamr, g`grhagrm j sjlgtagrm bmoatumklgetg m vajkgeham iìsahm j djkjrgs psìquahjs hjesadgrmokgs sjorg jtrj hje quage hjevavm, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm djs mýjs j luktm.

Kgy 49?2/ ?6=? Gk qug, mprjvghbíedjsg dgk íloatj imlakamr, g`grhagrm vajkgeham iìsahm j psìquahm ge ijrlm rgatgrmdm m jtrj hje quage hjevavm, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm trgs mýjs j luktm3 saglprg qug dgk bghbj ej sur`me kgsajegs, ge kjs tárlaejs dgk mrtìhukj ===° dgk Hødanj Vgemk?93 ge huyj hmsj ej sg rgqugrarí dg km rgatgrmhaøe.

Kgy 78>2/?6=4 =rj. Gk qug, mprjvghbíedjsg dgk íloatj imlakamr j dg hjevavgeham, g`grhagrm vajkgeham iìsahm j psìquahm sjorg jtrj hje quage hjevavg j ej, sgrí hmstanmdj hje uem pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg uej m sgas mýjs. ?dj. Humedj gk bghbj dg vajkgeham prjvjhmrm kjs rgsuktmdjs dg km Kgsaøe Nrmvg, sg mpkahmrí km smehaøe prgvastm ge gk mrtìhukj ==??> dgk Hødanj Vgemk. Iugetg0 prjpam ge omsg m Yajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs ge Vmrmnumy. Mvmehgs y Dgsmiìjs (?6=9)

M hjetaeumhaøe, sg prgsgetm ue kastmdj qug, sae prgtgedgr sgr gxbmustavj, dgiaeg kms davgrsms ijrlms dg vajkgeham dgiaeadms ge gk Mrtìhukj 9 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 dg Vrjtghhaøe Aetgnrmk m kms Lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham.

?7

Dg mhugrdj m kj dahtmdj ge km eugvm Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ge su Mrtìhukj 410 ‛ Mhhaøe Vgemk Vðokahm. Kjs bghbjs pueaokgs tapaiahmdjs ge gstm Kgy sje dg Mhhaøe Vgemk Vðokahm.“ ?9 Mrt. ===. Kgsaøe0 =°. Gk qug dmýmrí km smkud dg jtrj sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm ue mýj j hje luktm. ?°. Ge kjs hmsjs dgk aehasj metgrajr sg mpkahmrí kj daspugstj ge gk mrt. ==6, aehasj 8grj. 8°. Humedj gk mutjr utakazmrí vgegej, mrlm okmehm, dg iugnj j hjetuedgetg j sjlgtagrm m km vìhtalm m nrmvgs djkjrgs iìsahjs j psìquahjs, sg mpkahmrí uem pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm trgs mýjs j luktm. ?> Mrt. ==?. Kgsaøe Nrmvg. =°. Xgrm̍ hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm dagz mýjs gk qug, aetgehajemk j hjeshagetglgetg, hje km kgsaøe0 pusagrm m km vìhtalm ge pgkanrj dg lugrtg3 km lutakmrm hjesadgrmokglgetg j km dgsianurmrm pjr kmrnj taglpj3 km rgdu`grm hjesadgrmokglgetg y pjr kmrnj taglpj ge gk usj dg su hugrpj j dg sus sgetadjs, ge su hmpmhadmd dg hjbmoatmhaøe j dg rgprjduhhaøe, ge sus iugrzms psìquahms j aetgkghtumkgs j ge su hmpmhadmd dg trmom`j3 j hmusmrm uem geigrlgdmd nrmvg j mikangetg. ?°. Gk qug djkjsmlgetg lmktrmtmrm iìsahmlgetg j kgsajemrm m jtrj y hje gkkj, hmusmrm uej dg kjs rgsuktmdjs sgýmkmdjs ge gk aehasj =j, bmoaáedjkjs tgeadj hjlj pjsaokgs, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm haehj mýjs. Xgrm̍ hmstanmdm tmloaáe km tgetmtavm.

?2

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Yajkgeham iglaeahadm0 gs km mhhaøe qug mtgetm hjetrm gk dgrghbj iuedmlgetmk m km vadm y hmusm j aetgetm hmusmr km lugrtg dg km lu`gr y qug gstí ljtavmdm pjr su hjedahaøe dg tmk, tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj pravmdj.

•

Yajkgeham iìsahm0 gs km mhhaøe qug sg glpkgm hjetrm gk hugrpj dg km lu`gr prjduhagedj djkjr, dmýj ge su smkud j ragsnj dg prjduharkj y humkquagr jtrm ijrlm dg lmktrmtj qug mightg su aetgnradmd iìsahm.

•

Yajkgeham psahjkønahm0 Mhtj dg dgsvmkjrazmhaøe, bulakkmhaøe, aetaladmhaøe, hjmhhaøe, prgsaøe, bjstanmlagetj, pgrsghuhaøe, mlgemzms, hjetrjk y vanakmeham dgk hjlpjrtmlagetj y maskmlagetj alpugstj m km lu`gr.

•

Yajkgeham sgxumk0 Gs km mhhaøe qug alpkahm km vukegrmhaøe dgk dgrghbj dg km lu`gr dg dghadar kaorglgetg mhgrhm dg su vadm sgxumk, m trmvás dg humkquagr ijrlm dg mlgemzm, hjmhhaøe j aetaladmhaøe.

•

Yajkgeham hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs?20 Gs km mhhaøe qug alpadg, kalatm j vukegrm gk dgrghbj dg km lu`gr m0 j

Dghadar kaorglgetg gk eðlgrj dg ba`js(ms) qug dgsgm tgegr y gk aetgrvmkj getrg kjs emhalagetjs3

j

_ghaoar aeijrlmhaøe, jragetmhaøe, mtgehaøe aetgnrmk y trmtmlagetj durmetg gk glomrmzj j párdadm dgk laslj, pmrtj, pugrpgraj y kmhtmeham3

j

G`grhgr uem lmtgreadmd sgnurm3

?2

Ge lmtgram dg dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs y gk hjesgetalagetj aeijrlmdj ge km príhtahm ládahm, km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem miarlø qug gk hjesgetalagetj aeijrlmdj dgk pmhagetg gs uem hjedahaøe saeg qum eje pmrm km príhtahm ládahm, gk humk sg omsm ge gk rgspgtj m su mutjejlìm y su kaogrtmd pmrm tjlmr sus prjpams dghasajegs dg mhugrdj m su pkme dg gxastgeham. Ge jtrms pmkmorms, gk hjesgetalagetj aeijrlmdj msgnurm gk gightj ðtak dg km ejrlm qug rghjejhg km mutjejlìm hjlj gkglgetj aedasjkuokg dg km daneadmd dg km pgrsjem. Hmsj A.Y. Ys. Ojkavam. Gxhgphajegs Vrgkalaemrgs, Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dg 86 dg ejvaglorg dg ?6=9. Xgrag H Ej. 8?1, pírr. =71

?1

j

Gkgnar látjdjs metahjehgptavjs sgnurjs j qug alpkaquge km párdadm dg km mutjejlìm j dg km hmpmhadmd dg dghadar kaorglgetg sjog kjs látjdjs metahjehgptavjs m sgr mdjptmdjs.

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Yajkgeham pmtraljeamk j ghjeølahm0 Mhhaøe u jlasaøe qug prjduhg dmýj j lgejshmoj ge kjs oagegs, vmkjrgs, rghursjs j aenrgsjs ghjeølahjs prjpajs dgkm lu`gr j dg kjs nmemehamkgs pjr daspjsahaøe ueakmtgrmk, irmudg, dgsmpmrahaøe, jhuktmlagetj, dgstruhhaøe u jtrjs lgdajs, msì hjlj gk egnmr j alpgdar dg humkquagr ljdj rgmkazmr mhtavadmdgs kmojrmkgs iugrm dgk bjnmr j pravmrkg dg kjs lgdajs aedaspgesmokgs pmrm vavar.

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Yajkgeham kmojrmk0 Gs km mhhaøe dg lmktrmtj j dashralaemhaøe bmham km lu`gr ge gk íloatj dgk trmom`j, g`grhadm pjr supgrajrgs j hjlpmýgrjs dg anumk j aeigrajr `grmrquìm m trmvás dg0

j

Dgshmkaiahmhajegs bulakkmetgs3 Mlgemzms dg dgstatuhaøe j dgspadj aeùstaiahmdj3

j

Dgspadj durmetg gk glomrmzj3

j

Mkusajegs m km vadm pravmdm qug alpkaquge km gxpjsahaøe aedgoadm dg su aetaladmd3

j

Km alpjsahaøe dg tmrgms m`gems m sus iuehajegs3

j

Xgrvahajs kmojrmkgs iugrm dg bjrmrajs ej pmhtmdjs3

j

Egnmhaøe aeùstaiahmdm dg pgrlasjs j kahgehams pjr geigrlgdmd, lmtgreadmd j

j

vmhmhajegs3 j

Xjlgtalagetj m uem satumhaøe dg maskmlagetj sjhamk g`grhadms pjr ljtavjs dashralaemtjrajs dg su mhhgsj mk glpkgj, pgrlmegeham j mshgesj3

j

Km alpjsahaøe dg rgquasatjs qug alpkaquge ue lgejshmoj m su hjedahaøe kmojrmk y gstáe rgkmhajemdjs hje su gstmdj havak, imlakamr, gdmd y mpmrageham iìsahm, aehkuadm km jokanmhaøe dg rgmkazmrsg prugoms dg Yarus dg Aeluejdgiahageham Bulmem YAB/XADM y m km prugom dg glomrmzj. 86

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Yajkgeham pjkìtahm0 gs km mhhaøe rgmkazmdm hjetrm km lu`gr qug tgenm hjlj iae rgtmrdmr, jostmhukazmr j alpgdar qug km laslm pmrtahapg dg km vadm pjkìtahm ge humkquagrm dg sus ijrlms y g`grzm kjs dgrghbjs prgvastjs ge km kgy.

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Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr0 Gs km mhhaøe dg vajkgeham iìsahm j psahjkønahm g`grhadm ge gk íloatj imlakamr hjetrm km lu`gr pjr su hjedahaøe dg tmk, pjr pmrtg dg laglorjs dg su nrupj imlakamr. Xg getagedg pjr pgrsjems qug bmhge pmrtg dgk nrupj imlakamr m quagegs sje pmragetgs pjr hjesmenuaeadmd j pjr miaeadmd, m km pgrsjem høeyung j hjevavagetg y m km pmrg`m sgetalgetmk. Gstg vìehukj aehkuyg m kms rgkmhajegs vangetgs j iaemkazmdms, ej sagedj rgquasatj km hjevavgeham.

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Yajkgeham jostátrahm?10 gs km hjeduhtm g`grhadm pjr gk pgrsjemk dg smkud j kms pmrtgrms glpìrahms sjorg gk hugrpj dg kms lu`grgs y dg kjs prjhgsjs iasajkønahjs j pmtjkønahjs prgsgetgs durmetg su glomrmzj, y kms gtmpms rgkmhajemdms hje km ngstmhaøe y gk pmrtj. Gs mk laslj taglpj ue trmtj dgsbulmeazmdj qug vajkm kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs.

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Gk hjehgptj dg Yajkgeham Jostátrahm gstí i uedmdj ge km rgkmhaøe dg pjdgr qug sg g`grhg sjorg km lu`gr y gk eaýj(m) ge ue ljlgetj pmrtahukmr ge gk qug luhbms vghgs ej gs pjsaokg hjetmr hje gk hjesgetalagetj aeijrlmdj y rghjejhagedj gk praehapaj (y rgspjesmoakadmd hjesghugetg) ge km mutjejlìm dg km dghasaøe dgk pgrsjemk dg smkud. Ge gstg lmrhj, km Hjrtg bazj rgigrgeham m km gspghamk rgkmhaøe getrg gk ládahj y gk pmhagetg, km humk gstí hmrmhtgrazmdm pjr km msalgtrìm ge gk g`grhahaj dgk pjdgr qug gk ládahj msulg ge rmzøe dg su hjejhalagetj prjigsajemk gspghamkazmdj y dgk hjetrjk dg km aeijrlmhaøe qug hjesgrvm. Gstm rgkmhaøe dg pjdgr sg gehugetrm njogremdm pjr hagrtjs praehapajs dg km átahm ládahm, praehapmklgetg kjs praehapajs dg mutjejlìm dgk pmhagetg, ogegiahgeham, ej lmkgiahgeham y ùstaham. Xagedj gk ládahj uem pgrsjem qug mhtðm tmloaáe om`j sus prjpams hjevahhajegs y prgigrgehams gs pkmusaokg qug mknuems dg sus mhtumhajegs pugdme getrmr ge hjetrmdahhaøe hje kjs pkmegs dg vadm dg kjs pmhagetgs. Gs pjr gkkj qug km Hjrtg getgedaø qug gk praehapaj dg mutjejlìm mdquagrg vatmk alpjrtmeham ge gk íloatj dg km smkud, hjlj uem rgnkm qug aestmurm ue omkmehg mdghumdj getrg km mhtumhaøe ládahm ogeáiahm y gk pjdgr dghasjraj qug rgtageg gk pmhagetg hjlj su`gtj ljrmk mutøejlj, m iae dg ej aehurrar ge mhhajegs dg hjrtg pmtgremkastm ge kms qug gk pmhagetg sgm aestrulgetmkazmdj pmrm gvatmrkg ue dmýj ge su smkud. Hmsj A.Y. Ys. Ojkavam. Gxhgphajegs Vrgkalaemrgs, Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dg 86 dg ejvaglorg dg ?6=9. Xgrag H Ej. 8?1, pírr. =96. Xae glomrnj, m ùahaj dg km Hjrtg, ue hjesgetalagetj ej pjdrí rgputmrsg kaorg sa gs sjkahatmdj m km lu`gr humedj ej sg gehugetrm ge hjedahajegs dg tjlmr uem dghasaøe pkgemlgetg aeijrlmdm, pjr gehjetrmrsg ge satumhajegs dg gstrás y vukegrmoakadmd, aetgr mkam, hjlj durmetg j aelgdamtmlgetg dgspuás dgk pmrtj j dg uem hgsírgm. Hmsj A.Y. Ys. Ojkavam. Gxhgphajegs Vrgkalaemrgs, Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dg 86 dg ejvaglorg dg ?6=9. Xgrag H Ej. 8?1, pírrs. =28-=27

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Yajkgeham lgdaítahm0 gs km hjeduhtm g`grhadm pjr kjs lgdajs dg hjlueahmhaøe sjhamk, m trmvás dg puokahmhajegs u jtrms ijrlms dg daiusaøe j rgprjduhhaøe dg lgesm`gs, hjetgeadjs g alíngegs gstgrgjtapmdms qug prjlugvme km hjsaiahmhaøe, sulasaøe j gxpkjtmhaøe dg lu`grgs j qug prgsgetge m km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr hjlj uem hjeduhtm mhgptmokg. Xg getgedgrí pjr ‛hjsaiahmhaøe“ m km mhhaøe dg rgduhar m km lu`gr m km hjedahaøe dg hjsm.

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Yajkgeham tgkglítahm0 gs km mhhaøe pjr lgdaj dg km humk sg daiuedge j puokahme lgesm`gs, ijtjnrmiìms, mudajs, vadgjs u jtrjs qug mightge km daneadmd j aetaladmd dg kms lu`grgs m trmvás dg kms mhtumkgs tghejkjnìms dg aeijrlmhaøe y hjlueahmhaøe, aehkuadj gk usj dg gstjs lgdajs pmrm prjljvgr km hjsaiahmhaøe, sulasaøe j gxpkjtmhaøe dg km lu`gr. Xg getgedgrí

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pjr ‛hjsaiahmhaøe“ m km mhhaøe dg rgduhar m km lu`gr m km hjedahaøe dg hjsm. Yajkgeham saloøkahm0 hjesastg ge gk glpkgj j daiusaøe dg lgesm`gs, sìlojkjs, ìhjejs, sanejs qug trmeslatme, rgprjduzhme y hjesjkadge rgkmhajegs dg djlaemhaøe, gxhkusaøe, dgsanumkdmd y dashralaemhaøe, emturmkazmedj km suojrdaemhaøe dg kms lu`grgs.

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Yajkgeham aestatuhajemk0 mhtjs u jlasajegs hjlgtadjs pjr pgrsjems qug sje iuehajemrams dg humkquagr aestatuhaøe pðokahm j pravmdm, qug tgenme hjlj iae rgtmrdmr j alpgdar m kms lu`grgs gk mhhgsj m sgrvahajs pðokahjs j pravmdjs j qug ge km prgstmhaøe dg gstjs sg kgs mnrgdm j oraedg ue trmtj dashralaemtjraj j bulakkmetg.

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Yajkgeham hjetrm km daneadmd0 gxprgsaøe vgromk j gshratm dg jigesm j aesuktj qug dgsmhrgdatm, dgshmkaiahm, dgsvmkjrazm, dgnrmdm j mightm km daneadmd dg kms lu`grgs, msì hjlj kjs lgesm`gs pðokahjs dg kms mutjradmdgs, iuehajemrajs j pmrtahukmrgs qug ùstaiaquge j prjlugvme km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs j su dashralaemhaøe ge humkquagr íloatj.

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Ge gk Hmpìtukj 8 sg prgsgetm uem prjpugstm dg aetgrprgtmhaøe dg gstms prjpugstms dg eugvms ijrlms dg vajkgeham pmrm sgr vaehukmdms hje km tapaiahmhaøe prjpugstm ge gk Hødanj Vgemk vangetg. ?.8 Gk hjetrjk dg hjevgehajemkadmd hjlj lmrhj dg aetgrprgtmhaøe ge Vmrmnumy.

Hjetrjk dg hjevgehajemkadmd gs uem aestatuhaøe dgk dgrghbj prjhgsmk dg tapj hjestatuhajemk qug bm vgeadj dgsmrrjkkíedjsg praehapmklgetg ge gk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dgsdg km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Gk hjehgptj rgspjedg mk getgedalagetj dg qug gk hjlpjrtmlagetj dg ue Gstmdj pmrtg ge ue trmtmdj aetgremhajemk dgog rgspgtmr gk hjlprjlasj msuladj aetgremhajemklgetg, jokaníedjsg ge gk hjeùetj dg km ejrlm dg lmegrm jo`gtavm y msgnurmr km aehjrpjrmhaøe dg sus prghgptjs y jokanmhajegs ge gk sastglm ùrìdahj vangetg. Gs getjehgs gk Gstmdj hjlj ue tjdj, y ej søkj mknuejs ørnmejs j mngetgs, quage msulg kjs hjlprjlasjs y kjs dgogrgs dg hmríhtgr aetgremhajemk. Xanuagedj gstm kønahm, y ge gspghamk ge pmìsgs ge døedg kjs trmtmdjs aetgremhajemkgs mdquagrge ue hmríhtgr humsa-hjestatuhajemk y supgrajr m kms kgygs y Hødanjs Emhajemkgs hjlj ge gk hmsj dg Vmrmnumy86, eaenðe sghtjr dgk Gstmdj, ym sgm dg hmríhtgr emhajemk, dgpmrtmlgetmk j lueahapmk, pjdrìm sustrmgrsg mk hulpkalagetj dg gsjs dgogrgs sgm j ej ue ørnmej ùrasdahhajemk3 y ge hjesghugeham, kjs traouemkgs aetgrejs y gk dgrghbj mdlaeastrmtavj dgog memkazmr km josgrvmeham dg trmtmdjs, hjevgeajs y mhugrdjs aetgremhajemkgs y mùstmr sus dghasajegs m gstjs alpgrmtavjs.

86

Gk Mrtìhukj =8> dg km Hjestatuhaøe dg km _gpðokahm dg Vmrmnumy (=11?) gstmokghg qug ‛Km kgy suprg lm dg km _gpðokahm gs km Hjestatuhaøe. Gstm, kjs trmtmdjs, hjevgeajs y mhugrdjs aetgremhajemkgs mprjomdjs y rmtaiahmdjs, kms kgygs dahtmdms pjr gk Hjenrgsj y jtrms daspjsahajegs ùrìdahms dg aeigrajr `grmrquìm, smehajemdms ge su hjesghugeham, aetgnrme gk dgrghbj pjsatavj emhajemk ge gk jrdge dg prgkmhaøe geuehamdj (…)“. Msalaslj, sg rghjejhg ge gk Mrtìhukj =47, gk jrdge ùrìdahj suprmemhajemk mk sgýmkmr0 ‛Km _gpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd hje jtrjs Gstmdjs, mdlatg ue jrdge ùrìdahj suprmemhajemk qug nmrmetahg km vangeham dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs, dg km

pmz, dg km ùstaham, dg km hjjpgrmhaøe y dgk dgsmrrjkkj, ge kj pjkìtah j, ghjeølahj, sjhamk y hukturmk (…)“

88

Mk rgspghtj, km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs (?6=>) rgmiarlm gstm rgspjesmoakadmd ge su Aeijrlg Meumk ?6=9, mk sgýmkmr0 (…) km Hjrtg bm rghjrdmdj qug gs hjeshagetg dg qug kms mutjradmdgs emhajemkgs gstíe su`gtms mk

alpgraj dg km kgy y, pjr gkkj, gstíe jokanmdms m mpkahmr kms daspjsahajegs vangetgs ge gk jrdgemlagetj ùrìdahj aetgrej. Xae glomrnj, humedj ue Gstmdj gs Vmrtg dg ue trmtmdj aetgremhajemk hjlj km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem, tjdjs sus ørnmejs, aehkuadjs sus ùghgs, tmloaáe gstíe sjlgtadjs m gstg aestrulgetj kgnmk. Gstg vìehukj jokanm m kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtg m vgkmr pjr qug kjs gightjs dg kms daspjsahajegs dg km Hjevgehaøe ej sg vgme lgrlmdjs pjr km mpkahmhaøe dg ejrlms hjetrmrams m su jo`gtj y iae. Ge gstg sgetadj, km Hjrtg bm gstmokghadj qug tjdms kms mutjradmdgs gstmtmkgs gstíe ge km jokanmhaøe dg g`grhgr gx jiiahaj ue hjetrjk dg hjevgehajemkadmd getrg kms ejrlms aetgrems y km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem, gvadgetglgetg ge gk lmrhj dg sus rgspghtavms hjlpgtgehams y dg kms rgnukmhajegs prjhgsmkgs hjrrgspjedagetgs. Gkkj sg rgiagrg mk meíkasas qug dgoge rgmkazmr kjs ørnmejs y mngetgs gstmtmkgs (pmrtahukmrlgetg kjs ùghgs y dglís jpgrmdjrgs dg ùstaham) sjorg km hjlpmtaoakadmd dg kms ejrlms y príhtahms emhajemkgs hje km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem. Ge sus dghasajegs y mhtjs hjehrgtjs, dahbjs ørnmejs y mngetgs dgoge hulpkar hje km jokanmhaøe ngegrmk dg nmrmetazmr kjs dgrghbjs y kaogrtmdgs prjtgnadjs ge km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem, msgnuríedjsg dg ej mpkahmr ejrlms ùrìdahms aetgrems vajkmtjrams dg dahbj trmtmdj, msì hjlj dg mpkahmr hjrrghtmlgetg gstg trmtmdj y kjs gstíedmrgs ùrasprudgehamkgs dgsmrrjkkmdjs pjr km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem, aetárprgtg ðktalm dg km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem.

Hjlj pralgr metghgdgetg dg gstg prghgptj, sg tageg qug gk Lmnastrmdj Xgrnaj Nmrhìm _mlìrgz, gxprgsadgetg dg km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge su vjtj hjehurrgetg rmzjemdj prjigradj ge km sgetgeham dgk Hmsj Lyrem Lmhc Hbmen vs. Numtglmkm8=, utakazø pjr pralgrm vgz km gxprgsaøe dgejlaemdm ‛hjetrjk dg hjevgehajemkadmd“, y mk rgspghtj lmeaigstø0

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Hjrtg ADB. Hmsj Lyrem Lmhc Hbmen vs. Numtglmkm. Xgetgeham dg ijedj, rgpmrmhajegs y hjstms,

84

(…) Ej gs pjsaokg sghhajemr aetgremhajemklgetg mk Gstmdj, jokanmr metg km Hjrtg søkj m uej j

mknuejs dg sus ørnmejs, getrgnmr m gstjs km rgprgsgetmhaøe dgk Gstmdj ge gk ùahaj ‘sae qug gsm rgprgsgetmhaøe rgpgrhutm sjorg gk Gstmdj ge su hjeùetj- y sustrmgr m jtrjs dg gstg ránalge hjevgehajemk dg rgspjesmoakadmd, dg`medj sus mhtumhajegs iugrm dgk hjetrjk dg hjevgehajemkadmd qug trmg hjesanj km ùrasdahhaøe dg km Hjrtg Aetgremhajemk (...)8?

Gs m pmrtar dg gstg ljlgetj ge qug sg aeaham gk usj dgk tárlaej ‛hjetrjk dg hjevgehajemkadmd“, mk qug pjstgrajrlgetg kg sanuagrje vmrajs imkkjs ge gk laslj sgetadj, y iaemklgetg daj kunmr m qug sg hjesjkadmrm hjlj uem bgrrmlagetm pmrm msgnurmr km rgspjesmoakadmd dg kjs Gstmdjs ge km aehjrpjrmhaøe prjnrgsavm dg ejrlms y praehapajs dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge su sastglm pjsatavj pjr lgdaj dgk sastglm ùrasdahhajemk. Gk hjetrjk dg hjevgehajemkadmd pugdg jhurrar tmetj m eavgk aetgremhajemk hjlj aetgrej hjetraouygedj m qug kms iugetgs aetgrems g aetgremhajemkgs dgk dgrghbj vangetg ge hmdm Gstmdj pugdme mpkahmrsg pjr tjdms kms mutjradmdgs dg lmegrm jrdgemdm, kønahm, mrløeahm y hjbgrgetg. Ge gk mýj ?664, ge gk Hmsj Taoa vs. Ghumdjr 88, sg gxpkahø qug0 (…) gk Traouemk Aetgrmlgrahmej memkazm kjs mhtjs qug kkgnme m su hjejhalagetj ge rgkmhaøe hje

ejrlms, praehapajs y vmkjrgs dg kjs trmtmdjs ge kjs qug sg iuedm su hjlpgtgeham hjetgehajsm, rgsjkvagedj mhgrhm dg km hjevgehajemkadmd dg tmkgs mhtjs, prgtgedagedj hjeijrlmr gsm mhtavadmd mk jrdge aetgremhajemk mhjnadj ge km hjevgehaøe iuedmdjrm dg km ùrasdahhaøe aetgrmlgrahmem y mhgptmdj pjr kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs ge gk g`grhahaj dg su sjogrmeìm (…)

?7 dg ejvaglorg dg ?668, sgrag H, eðlgrj =6=. Yjtj hjehurrgetg rmzjemdj dgk @ugz Xgrnaj Nmrhìm _mlìrgz. Vírrmij ?> 8? Aoadgl, sgetgeham. 88 Taoa hje Ghumdjr. Hjrtg ADB., sgetgeham dg gxhgphajegs prgkalaemrgs, ijedj, rgpmrmhajegs y hjstms dg > dg sgptaglorg dg ?664, Xgrag H, # ==4, pírrmij 8.

87

Ge gk mýj ?669, hje gk Hmsj Mkljdmhad Mrgkkmej gt mk vs. Hbakg 84, sg gstmokghg ue batj ùrasprudgehamk ge gk dgiaeatavj gstmokghalagetj dg km hjlpgtgeham dg quagegs sje ùznmdjrgs y ùznmdjrms ge pmìsgs qug sje pmrtg dgk Xastglm aetgrmlgrahmej dg Vrjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs hjlj ‛ùznmdjrgs y ùznmdjrms aetgrmlgrahmejs“, lmeaigstmedj0 =?4. Km Hjrtg gs hjeshagetg qug kjs ùghgs y traouemkgs aetgrejs gstíe su`gtjs mk alpgraj dg km kgy y, pjr gkkj, gstíe jokanmdjs m mpkahmr kms daspjsahajegs vangetgs ge gk jrdgemlagetj ùrìdahj. Vgrj humedj ue Gstmdj bm rmtaiahmdj ue trmtmdj aetgremhajemk hjlj km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem, sus ùghgs, hjlj pmrtg dgk mpmrmtj dgk Gstmdj, tmloaáe gstíe sjlgtadjs m gkkm, kj qug kgs jokanm m vgkmr pjrqug kjs gightjs dg kms daspjsahajegs dg km Hjevgehaøe ej sg vgme lgrlmdms pjr km mpkahmhaøe dg kgygs hjetrmrams m su jo`gtj y iae, y qug dgsdg ue aeahaj hmrghge dg gightjs ùrìdahjs. Ge jtrms pmkmorms, gk Vjdgr @udahamk dgog g`grhgr uem gspghag dg "hjetrjk dg hjevgehajemkadmd" getrg kms ejrlms ùrìdahms aetgrems qug mpkahme ge kjs hmsjs hjehrgtjs y km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Ge gsm tmrgm, gk Vjdgr @udahamk dgog tgegr ge hugetm ej sjkmlgetg gk trmtmdj, saej tmloaáe km aetgrprgtmhaøe qug dgk laslj bm bghbj km Hjrtg aetgrmlgrahmem, aetárprgtg ðktalm dg km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem.

Xje djs kjs iuedmlgetjs ùrìdahjs dgk hjetrjk dg hjevgehajemkadmd, kjs humkgs pjsgge jrange ge gk dgrghbj aetgremhajemk0 a) gightj ðtak dg kms jokanmhajegs aetgremhajemkgs, qug dgoge sgr hulpkadms dg ougem ig, y aa) km prjbaoahaøe dg mkgnmr gk dgrghbj aetgrej pmrm aehulpkarkms, hjeijrlg mk mrtìhukj ?> dg km Hjevgehaøe dg Yagem sjorg gk Dgrghbj dg kjs Trmtmdjs. Gsg mrtìhukj ?> mpmrghaø ge gk pírrmij =?7 dg km Xgetgeham Mkljemhad Mrgkkmej, humedj km HADB da`j qug "sgnðe gk dgrghbj aetgremhajemk kms jokanmhajegs qug ástg alpjeg dgoge sgr mhmtmdms dg ougem ig y ej pugdg aevjhmrsg pmrm su aehulpkalagetj gk dgrghbj aetgrej" 87.

84

Mkljemhad Mrgkkmej gt mk hje Hbakg. Hjrtg ADB. Hbakg, sgetgeham dg ?9 dg sgptaglorg dg ?669, pírrmij =?4.

87

Aoadgl, pírrmij =?7.

89

?.4 Lmrhj kgnmk dg prjtghhaøe aetgremhajemk m kms lu`grgs irgetg m tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham.

M pmrtar dg km Hjevgehaøe pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdm ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe bmham kms lu`grgs (HGDM^) y su Hjlatá3 y dg km Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm prgvgear smehajemr y grrmdahmr km Yajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, aehkuygedj km _gkmtjrìm dg Dgrghbjs dg kms Lu`grgs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs (ge gspghamk), gk dgrghbj aetgremhajemk sg bm dgsmrrjkkmdj mk puetj dg nmrmetazmr ijrlms ge kms qug kms lu`grgs pugdme gstmr prjtgnadms dg kms lís davgrsms ijrlms dg vajkgeham, sgme gstms iìsahm, aestatuhajemk, ghjeølahm, rgkmtavm m hugstajegs áteahms, sjhamkgs, hukturmkgs, m km gdmd, gth. Gk Vrgíloukj dg km HGDM^ gstmokghg gk rghjejhalagetj gxpkìhatj dg qug ‛kms lu`grgs sanuge sagedj jo`gtj dg alpjrtmetgs dashralaemhajegs" y qug gsm dashralaemhaøe vajkm kjs praehapajs dg km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs y dgk rgspgtj dg km daneadmd bulmem". Gk mrtìhukj =, dgiaeg m dashralaemhaøe hjlj "tjdm dastaehaøe, gxhkusaøe j rgstrahhaøe omsmdm ge gk sgxj (...) ge kms gsigrms pjkìtahm, ghjeølahm, sjhamk, hukturmk y havak j ge humkquagr jtrm gsigrm". Km Hjevgehaøe miarlm pjsatavmlgetg gk praehapaj dg anumkdmd mk pgdar m kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs qug tjlge0 "tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms, aehkusj dg hmríhtgr kgnaskmtavj, pmrm msgnurmr gk pkgej dgsmrrjkkj y mdgkmetj dg km lu`gr, hje gk jo`gtj dg nmrmetazmrkg gk g`grhahaj y gk njhg dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y kms kaogrtmdgs iuedmlgetmkgs ge anumkdmd dg hjedahajegs hje gk bjlorg" (Mrtìhukj 8).

Ge lmtgram gspghìiahm dg vajkgeham, gk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej hugetm hje km ‛Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr“, hjejhadm tmloaáe hjlj ‛Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkál dj Vmrí“ rghjejhg dg lmegrm gxprgsm ‛gk rgspgtj arrgstrahtj m kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs bm sadj hjesmnrmdj ge km Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg y ge km Dghkmrmhaøe Weavgrsmk dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y rgmiarlmdj ge jtrjs aestrulgetjs aetgremhajemkgs y rgnajemkgs“ y gstmokghg km jokanmhaøe dg kjs 8>

Gstmdjs ge rghjejhgr qug km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr hjestatuyg uem vajkmhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y kms kaogrtmdgs iuedmlgetmkgs y kalatm tjtmk j pmrhamklgetg m km lu`gr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg y g`grhahaj dg tmkgs dgrghbjs y kaogrtmdgs. Hjlj pmrtg dgk dgsmrrjkkj dg príhtahms qug rghjejzhme dgrghbjs, sg dgstmhm km prjljhaøe dg kms kkmlmdms ‛mhhajegs pjsatavms“. Gstms mhhajegs, ge kms qug kjs Gstmdjs prjlugvge lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe y prjljhaøe dg dgrghbjs, sg jpjege m km príhtahm trmdahajemk dg mhhajegs rgmhtavms ge kms qug sg gspgrm qug km vajkmhaøe dg dgrghbjs jhurrm pmrm mhtavmr km rgspugstm gstmtmk. Ge kj qug rgspghtm m km prjtghhaøe dg eaýms, lu`grgs mdjkgshgetgs, lu`grgs mduktms y lu`grgs mduktms lmyjrgs, gstg dgsmrrjkkj dg mhhajegs pjsatavms, aehkuyg km prjtghhaøe irgetg m km vajkgeham qug jhurrg ge íloatjs djlástahj g aetrmimlakamr. Gstg dgsmrrjkkj pgrlatg km aehkusaøe dg gstjs íloatjs ge km ‛dgoadm dakangeham89“, hratgraj dgsmrrjkkmdj m pmrtar dgk hmsj ‛Ygkísqugz _jdrìnugz vs. Bjedurms“ (=112) ge gk qug km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs gstmokghg km rgspjesmoakadmd dg kjs Gstmdjs metg vajkmhajegs dg dgrghbjs hjlgtadms pjr mhtjrgs ej gstmtmkgs mk ej hulpkar hje su jokanmhaøe dg prjljvgr y prjtgngr dgrghbjs, y metg km jokanmhaøe gspghìiahm dg aevgstanmr y smehajemr m quagegs sje vìhtalms y rgsmrharkms. Gk hjehgptj dg dgoadm dakangeham bm sadj miarlmdj tmloaáe pjr gk Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr mk miarlmr qug km dgoadm dakangeham gs uem bgrrmlagetm iuedmlgetmk pmrm hjlomtar km vajkgeham qug suirge kms lu`grgs 8>. Gk _gkmtjr Gspghamk dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kms Emhajegs Weadms gxpkìhatmlgetg rgmiarlø qug km dgoadm dakangeham dgk

89

Dgoadm Dakangeham j Dgoadj V rjhgsj Kgnmk rgiagrg mk hulpkalagetj dg kjs praehapajs hjestatuhajemkgs ge lmtgram dg prjhgdalagetj (Jssjraj, pín. ?72) 8> Yámsg pírrmij 1 dg WE HGDM^ Ngegrmk _ghjllgedmtaje E¶ =1 je Yajkgehg mnmaest ^jlge, =11?. Gkgvge sgssaje. WE Djh. M/4>/82. HGDM^ tmloaáe dgsmrrjkkø gk gstíedmr dg qug gk dgoadj prjhgsj kgnmk sg dgog hjesadgrmr metg hmsjs qug mightge aedarghtmlgetg dgrghbjs iuedmlgetmkgs hjlgtadjs pjr mhtjrgs ej gstmtmkgs, hjlj, pjr g`glpkj, mqugkkjs rgigradjs mk gspjsj y/j pmdrg metg gk hmsj Ls. M.X. vs. Buenmry, ?6693 Ls. Y.C. vs. Ouknmram, ?662 y Ygrtadj vs. Vbakappaegs, ?6=6.

82

Gstmdj (pjr lgdaj dg sus aestatuhajegs) gs ue aestrulgetj kgnmk pmrm hjlomtar km vajkgeham qug suirge kms lu`grgs82. Dgsdg lmrzj dg ?669, gk _gkmtjr Gspghamk aeijrlm mk Hjesg`j dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, dg hjeijrladmd hje km dghasaøe =/=6? dgk Hjesg`j dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Vugdg glatar kkmlmlagetjs urngetgs y hjlueahmhajegs m kjs Gstmdjs ge rgkmhaøe hje kjs supugstjs hmsjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, y, mdglís0 m) Oushmr y rghaoar aeijrlmhaøe sjorg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, sus hmusms y hjesghugehams pjr pmrtg dg kjs njoagrejs, kjs ørnmejs hrgmdjs ge vartud dg trmtmdjs, kjs jrnmeasljs gspghamkazmdjs y jtrjs rgkmtjrgs gspghamkgs rgspjesmokgs dg davgrsms hugstajegs rgkmtavms m kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y kms jrnmeazmhajegs aetgrnuogremlgetmkgs y ej nuogremlgetmkgs, M dahbm aeijrlmhaøe3 82

Km Hjlasaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Emhajegs Weadms, ge su rgsjkuhaøe =114/47, mprjomdm gk 4 dg lmrzj dg =114, dghadaø ejlormr m ue _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, aehkuadms sus hmusms y hjesghugehams. Gk lmedmtj iug prjrrjnmdj pjr km Hjlasaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge ?668, ge su 71ª rgueaøe ge su rgsjkuhaøe ?668/47. Ge km laslm rgsjkuhaøe, km Hjlasaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, miarlm0 Xtrjenky hjedgleaen mkk mhts ji vajkgehg mnmaest wjlge med narks med ae tbas rgnmrd hmkkgd, ae mhhjrdmehg watb tbg Dghkmrmtaje je tbg Gkalaemtaje ji Yajkgehg mnmaest ^jlge, ijr tbg gkalaemtaje ji mkk ijrls ji ngedgr-omsgd vajkgehg ae tbg imlaky, watbae tbg ngegrmk hjllueaty med wbgrg pgrpgtrmtgd jr hjedjegd oy tbg Xtmtg, med glpbmsazgd tbg duty ji Njvgrelgets tj rgirmae irjl genmnaen ae vajkgehg mnmaest wjlge med tj gxgrhasg dug dakangehg tj prgvget, aevgstanmtg med, ae mhhjrdmehg watb emtajemk kgnaskmtaje, pueasb mhts ji vajkgehg mnmaest wjlge med tj tmcg mpprjpramtg med giightavg mhtaje hjehgreaen mhts ji vajkgehg mnmaest wjlge, wbgtbgr tbjsg mhts mrg pgrpgtrmtgd oy tbg Xtmtg, oy pravmtg pgrsjes jr oy mrlgd nrjups jr wmrraen imhtajes, med tj prjvadg mhhgss tj ùst med giightavg rglgdags med spghamkazgd, aehkudaen lgdahmk, mssastmehg tj vahtals3 Miiarlgd, ae tbas kanbt, tbmt vajkgehg mnmaest wjlge hjestatutgs m vajkmtaje ji tbg bulme ranbts med iuedmlgetmk irggdjls ji wjlge med tbmt vajkgehg mnmaest wjlge alpmars jr eukkaiags tbgar ge`jylget ji tbjsg ranbts med irggdjls. Hjedgemedj geárnahmlgetg tjdjs kjs mhtjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms y, m gstg rgspghtj, dg hjeijrladmd hje km Dghkmrmhaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham dg náegrj ge km imlakam, Djedg sg pgrpgtrm j tjkgrm gk Gstmdj y sg bmhg baehmpaá ge gk dgogr dg kjs njoagrejs dg mostgegrsg dg hjlgtgr mhtjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y dg g`grhgr km dgoadm dakangeham pmrm prgvgear, aevgstanmr y, dg hjeijrladmd hje km kgnaskmhaøe emhajemk, Mhhaøe gightavm hjetrm kjs mhtjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, ym sgme hjlgtadjs pjr gk Gstmdj, pjr pmrtahukmrgs j pjr nrupjs mrlmdjs j imhhajegs ogkangrmetgs, msì hjlj gk mhhgsj m rghursjs ùstjs y giahmhgs y msastgeham gspghamkazmdm, aehkusj ládahm, m kms vìhtalms3 Miarlmedj, m gstg rgspghtj, qug km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr hjestatuyg uem vajkmhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y kms kaogrtmdgs iuedmlgetmkgs dg km lu`gr y qug km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr pgrùdahm j meukm su dasirutg dg gsjs dgrghbjs y kaogrtmdgs.

81

o) _ghjlgedmr lgdadms y lgdajs m eavgk kjhmk, emhajemk, rgnajemk g aetgremhajemk pmrm gkalaemr tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y sus hmusms y rglgdamr sus hjesghugehams3 h) Trmom`ge gstrghbmlgetg hje tjdjs kjs prjhgdalagetjs gspghamkgs y jtrjs lghmeasljs dg dgrghbjs bulmejs dgk Hjesg`j dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y hje kjs ørnmejs hrgmdjs ge vartud dg trmtmdjs, tgeagedj ge hugetm km sjkahatud dgk Hjesg`j dg qug aetgnrge dg lmegrm rgnukmr y sastglítahm kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs y uem pgrspghtavm dg náegrj ge sus rgspghtavjs Trmom`mr y hjjpgrmr gstrghbmlgetg hje km Hjlasaøe dg km Hjedahaøe @urìdahm y Xjhamk dg km Lu`gr ge gk dgsglpgýj dg sus iuehajegs3 d) Hjetaeðg mdjptmedj ue geijqug mlpkaj y ueavgrsmk pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, sus hmusms y hjesghugehams, aehkuadms kms hmusms dg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr rgkmhajemdms hje kms gsigrms havak, hukturmk, ghjeølahm, pjkìtahm y sjhamk. Km prjtghhaøe dg kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms irgetg m tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham sg gstmokghg ge mk lgejs daghasagtg aestrulgetjs aetgremhajemkgs dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs vangetgs ge km _gpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy. Mknuejs dg gkkjs gspghamklgetg rgigradjs m km lu`gr, hjlj ge gk hmsj dg HGDM^, km hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem sjorg hjehgsaøe dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs m kms Lu`grgs, km hjevgehaøe sjorg Dgrghbjs Vjkìtahjs dg km Lu`gr j km ‛Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkál dj Vmrí“. _ghagetglgetg, km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, rgmiarlø km rgspjesmoakadmd dg kjs Gstmdjs ge bmhgr irgetg m gstm ijrlm dg vajkgeham, mk sgýmkmr0 Metg ue mhtj dg vajkgeham hjetrm uem lu`gr, kms mutjradmdgs m hmrnj dgoge kkgvmr km aevgstanmhaøe hje dgtgrlaemhaøe y giahmham, tgeagedj ge hugetm gk dgogr dg km sjhagdmd dg rghbmzmr km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y kms jokanmhajegs dgk Gstmdj dg grrmdahmrkm''. (Hmsj A. Y. Ys Ojkavam. Xgetgeham dgk 86 dg ejvaglorg dg ?6=9) 46

Tmokm 4 - Humdrj dg Aestrulgetjs dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs aehjrpjrmdjs mk Xastglm @urìdahj Vmrmnumyj vaehukmdjs m km prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk dg kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms dgsdg =198 m ?6=>

Ejlorg dgk Aestrulgetj

Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem sjorg Hjehgsaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Havakgs m km Lu`gr. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr (HGDM^). Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs

Kgy dg rmtaiahmhaøe j Xastglm mk qug ejrlm dg pgrtgeghg aehjrpjrmhaøe mk sastglm ùrìdahj, pjr ighbm Kgy 2>9/=198 Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej Kgy =?=7/=129 Xastglm Weavgrsmk

Tapj dg Aestrulgetj

Kgy =/=121

Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej Xastglm Weavgrsmk

Hjevgehaøe Aetgremhajemk Hjevgehaøe Aetgremhajemk

Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej Xastglm Weavgrsmk Xastglm Weavgrsmk

Hjevgehaøe Aetgremhajemk Hjevgehaøe Aetgremhajemk Hjevgehaøe Aetgremhajemk

Kgy 7/=11? Kgy 967/=117

Xastglm Weavgrsmk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej


Kgy =64>/=11>

Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej

Hjevgehaøe Aetgremhajemk

Kgy 8746/=112

Xastglm Weavgrsmk Xastglm Weavgrsmk Xastglm Weavgrsmk

Hjevgehaøe Aetgremhajemk Hjevgehaøe Aetgremhajemk Hjevgehaøe Aetgremhajemk

Kgy =1?7/?66?

Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej


Kgy ?819/?664

Xastglm Weavgrsmk


Xastglm Weavgrsmk


Hulorg @udahamk Aogrjmlgrahmem

Xjit-Kmw

Bulmejs, ‛Vmhtj dg Xme @jsá dg Hjstm _ahm“

Hjevgehaøe hjetrm km Tjrturm y Jtrjs Trmtjs j Vgems Hrugkgs, Aebulmejs j Dgnrmdmetgs (HHT / HMT). Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear y Xmehajemr km Tjrturm. Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj (HDE /H_H). Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs (VADGXH). Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs (VADHV / AHHV_). Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km Yajkgeham hjetrm km

Kgy 91/=121 Kgy 79/=116 Kgy 7>/=116 Kgy 4/=11?


Lu`gr, ‛Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkál dj Vmrí“.

Vrjtjhjkj mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe mlgrahmem sjorg dgrghbjs bulmejs ge lmtgram dg dgrghbjs ghjeølahjs, sjhamkgs y hukturmkgs, ‛Vrjtjhjkj dg Xme Xmkvmdjr“.

Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd (AH_VD). Gstmtutj dg _jlm dg km Hjrtg Vgemk Aetgremhajemk. Vrjtjhjkj imhuktmtavj dg km Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. Hjevgehaøe aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm kms pgrsjems hje

Kgy =998/?66= Kgy =928/?66=

dashmpmhadmd, ‛Hjevgehaøe dg Numtglmkm“.

Vrjtjhjkj pmrm Vrgvgear, _gpralar y Xmehajemr km Trmtm dg Vgrsjems, gspghamklgetg Lu`grgs y Eaýjs, ‛Vrjtjhjkj dg Vmkgrlj“.

Hjevgehaøe aetgremhajemk sjorg km prjtghhaøe Kgy 847?/?662 dg kjs dgrghbjs dg tjdjs kjs trmom`mdjrgs lanrmtjrajs y sus imlakamrgs. ‛=66 _gnkms dg Ormsakam“ sjorg mhhgsj m km Mhjrdmdm dgk Vjdgr ùstaham dg pgrsjems ge hjedahaøe dg @udahamk 988/?6=6 vukegrmoakadmd.

4=

Jtrjs aestrulgetjs aehjrpjrme lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe y qug sgríe memkazmdjs lís mdgkmetg, sje km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, km Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj, kms Hjevgehajegs Aetgrmlgrahmems g Aetgremhajemk pmrm Vrgvgear y Xmehajemr km Tjrturm (y jtrjs trmtjs hrugkgs, aebulmejs y dgnrmdmetgs), gk VADGXH y gk Vrjtjhjkj dg Xme Xmkvmdjr (dg lmegrm aedarghtm) mk anumk dg km AH_VD y Hjevgehaøe dg Numtglmkm rgkmtavm m km prjtghhaøe y dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd. Vjr ðktalj, y ge rghjejhalagetj dg km daspjsahaøe dg lgdadms gspghamkgs pmrm km nmrmetìm dg Mhhgsj m km @ustaham dg kms Lu`grgs y gk gstmokghalagetj mhhajegs miarlmtavms qug ogegiahame m kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms ge gk íloatj ùrasdahhajemk, sg bmhg rgigrgeham gspghamk m km aehjrpjrmhaøe mk sastglm ùrìdahj pmrmnumyj dg kms =66 _gnkms dg Ormsakam pjr lgdaj dg km Mhjrdmdm 988/?6=6 dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm qug gstmokghg0 (…) Hmpìtukj =. Xghhaøe = Ogegiahamrajs dg kms _gnkms. 2.- Náegrj

_gnkm => - Km dashralaemhaøe qug km lu`gr suirg ge dgtgrlaemdjs íloatjs supjeg ue jostíhukj pmrm gk mhhgsj m km ùstaham, qug sg vg mnrmvmdj ge mqugkkjs hmsjs ge kjs qug hjehurrm mknuem jtrm hmusm dg vukegrmoakadmd. _gnkm =2 - Xg getagedg pjr dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr tjdm dastaehaøe, gxhkusaøe j rgstrahhaøe omsmdm ge gk sgxj qug tgenm pjr jo`gtj j rgsuktmdj lgejshmomr j meukmr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg j g`grhahaj pjr km lu`gr, aedgpgedagetglgetg dg su gstmdj havak, sjorg km omsg dg km anumkdmd dgk bjlorg y km lu`gr, dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y kms kaogrtmdgs iuedmlgetmkgs ge kms gsigrms pjkìtahm, ghjeølahm, sjhamk, hukturmk y havak j ge humkquagr jtrm gsigrm.

4?

_gnkm =1 - Xg hjesadgrm vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr humkquagr mhhaøe j hjeduhtm, omsmdm ge su náegrj, qug hmusg lugrtg, dmýj j suiralagetj iìsahj, sgxumk j psahjkønahj m km lu`gr, tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj ge gk pravmdj, lgdametg gk glpkgj dg km vajkgeham iìsahm j psìquahm. _gnkm ?6 - Xg alpuksmríe kms lgdadms eghgsmrams pmrm gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr ge gk mhhgsj mk sastglm dg ùstaham pmrm km tutgkm dg sus dgrghbjs g aetgrgsgs kgnìtaljs, kjnrmedj km anumkdmd gightavm dg hjedahajegs. Xg prgstmrí uem gspghamk mtgehaøe ge kjs supugstjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, gstmokghagedj lghmeasljs giahmhgs dgstaemdjs m km prjtghhaøe dg sus oagegs ùrìdahjs, mk mhhgsj m kjs prjhgsjs ùdahamkgs y m su trmlatmhaøe ínak y jpjrtuem. (…) Xghhaøe 8ª.- Dgstaemtmrajs0 mhtjrgs dgk sastglm dg ùstaham

_gnkm ?4 - Xgríe dgstaemtmrajs dgk hjetgeadj dg kms prgsgetgs _gnkms0 m) Kjs rgspjesmokgs dgk dasgýj, alpkglgetmhaøe y gvmkumhaøe dg pjkìtahms pðokahms dgetrj dgk sastglm ùdahamk3 o) Kjs @ughgs, Iashmkgs, Dgigesjrgs Vðokahjs, Vrjhurmdjrgs y dglís sgrvadjrgs qug kmojrge ge gk sastglm dg Mdlaeastrmhaøe dg @ustaham dg hjeijrladmd hje km kgnaskmhaøe aetgrem dg hmdm pmìs3 h) Kjs Mojnmdjs y jtrjs prjigsajemkgs dgk Dgrghbj, msì hjlj kjs Hjkgnajs y Mnrupmhajegs dg Mojnmdjs3 d) Kms pgrsjems qug dgsglpgýme sus iuehajegs ge kms aestatuhajegs dg Jloudslme. g) Vjkahìms y sgrvahajs pgeatgehamrajs. i) Q, hje hmríhtgr ngegrmk, tjdjs kjs jpgrmdjrgs dgk sastglm ùdahamk y quagegs aetgrvagege dg uem u jtrm ijrlm ge su iuehajemlagetj. (…)

Mdahajemklgetg, ge lmtgram dg mtgehaøe m pgrsjems vìhtalms y tgstanjs dgk dgkatj, Vmrmnumy hugetm hje km Kgy 4628/?6== ‛]ug hrgm gk prjnrmlm dg mhjlpmýmlagetj y prjtghhaøe m tgstanjs 48

y vìhtalms ge prjhgsjs pgemkgs“. Ge gk lmrhj dg km aeikugeham dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe, sa oage gk Laeastgraj Vðokahj dgk Vmrmnumy mdbaraø m kms ‛Nuìms dg Xmetamnj pmrm km Vrjtghhaøe dg Yìhtalms y Tgstanjs81“, gstm Kgy ej bmhg rgigrgeham gspghìiahm m kms Nuìms ea mdjptm su ijrlm j tjtmkadmd dg rghjlgedmhajegs, muequg sì mknuejs dg sus gkglgetjs sg gehugetrme ge djs ejrlms mdlaeastrmtavms vaehukmetgs0 •

Aestruhtavj Ngegrmk dgk Laeastgraj Vðokahj Ej. 1/?6== sjorg ‛Vrjhgdalagetjs m sgnuar ge km aevgstanmhaøe dg kjs bghbjs pueaokgs dg vajkgeham imlakamr y vajkgeham dg náegrj“

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Aestruhtavj Ngegrmk dgk Laeastgraj Vðokahj Ej. 1/?6=7 qug gstmokghg prjhgdalagetjs m sgnuar pmrm sjkahatmr dakangehams mk ‛Hgetrj dg Mtgehaøe m Yìhtalms“ ge gk qug sg aehkuyg km msastgeham y hjetgehaøe sahjkønahm bmstm gk ùahaj jrmk y pðokahj m lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham.

?.4 Jpaeajegs hjesuktavms y Xgetgehams ge gk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej dg Vrjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs qug bmhge rgigrgeham m km prjtghhaøe dg kms lu`grgs irgetg m km vajkgeham omsmdm ge msalgtrìms dg náegrj.

Km aetgrprgtmhaøe dg kjs tgxtjs hjevgehajemkgs pjr pmrtg dg km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs46 (Hjrtg ADB) bm dmdj ue luy vmramdj g alpjrtmetg mpjrtg mk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg 81

Kms ‛Nuìms dg Xmetamnj pmrm km Vrjtghhaøe dg Yìhtalms y Tgstanjs“ iugrje gkmojrmdms pjr km Msjhamhaøe

Aogrjmlgrahmem dg Laeastgrajs Vðokahjs ge su Msmlokgm Ngegrmk Jrdaemram dgk 2 y 1 dg ùkaj dgk ?662. Gk tgxtj hjlpkgtj sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge bttp0//www.mamlp.aeij/almngs/djhulgetjs/NuamsXmetamnjGspmejk.pdi 46 Km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs g s ue ørnmej hjevgehajemk qug iug ijrlmklgetg gstmokghadj gk 8 dg sgptaglorg dg =1>1 hjlj hjesghugeham dg bmogr getrmdj ge vanjr km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs gk =2 dg ùkaj dg =1>2. Gk Gstmtutj dg km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs daspjeg qug gstm gs uem ‛aestatuhaøe ùdahamk mutøejlm“, huyj jo`gtavj gs mpkahmr g aetgrprgtmr km Hjevgehaø e Mlgrahmem. Dg hjeijrladmd hje kj gstapukmdj ge kjs mrtìhukjs 8 y 4 dgk rgigradj Gstmtutj, km Hjrtg tageg su sgdg ge Xme @jsá, Hjstm _ahm y gstí aetgnrmdm pjr sagtg ùghgs emhajemkgs dg kjs Gstmdjs laglorjs dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs (JGM). Kjs ùghgs sje gkgnadjs pjr kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtg dg km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem, ge vjtmhaøe sghrgtm y pjr lmyjrìm mosjkutm dg vjtjs, durmetg gk pgrìjdj dg sgsajegs dg km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk dg km JGM aelgdamtmlgetg metgrajr m km gxparmhaøe dgk lmedmtj dg kjs ùghgs smkagetgs. Kjs ùghgs sje gkgnadjs m tìtukj pgrsjemk getrg ùrastms dg km lís mktm mutjradmd ljrmk y dg rghjejhadm hjlpgtgeham ge lmtgram dg dgrghbjs bulmejs, y dgoge rguear kms hjedahajegs rgqugradms pmrm gk g`grhahaj dg kms lís gkgvmdms iuehajegs ùdahamkgs

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kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs. Dgsdg Jpaeajegs Hjesuktavms bmstm Xgetgehams, pmsmedj pjr rghjlgedmhajegs, aeijrlgs dg pmìsgs y Dghkmrmhajegs dg km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs, gk dgsmrrjkkj dg hratgrajs dg aetgrprgtmhaøe pmrm km prjtghhaøe kgnmk dg kms lu`grgs irgetg m tjdms ijrlms dg vajkgeham. Ge omsg mk meíkasas dg ùrasprudgeham dgk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej rgmkazmdj pjr km Hjrtg ADB (Humdgreakkj dg @urasprudgeham dg km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs E¶40 Náegrj3 ?6=7) sg pugdge dastaenuar haehj tglms rgsmktmetgs qug sje mojrdmdjs pjr km aestmeham y qug bme ngegrmdj ùrasprudgeham pmrm gk íloatj aetgrmlgrahmej0 (=) Dashralaemhaøe, (?) Yadm Vravmdm, (8) Yajkgeham, (4) Mhhgsj m km @ustaham, y (7) Vjkìtahms Vðokahms3 y momrhme tjdjs kjs íloatjs dgk qugbmhgr gstmtmk. Ge humetj m ‛dashralaemhaøe bmham kms lu`grgs“, gk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej bm gstmokghadj qug kjs Gstmdjs tagege km prjbaoahaøe y dgog mostgegrsg dg gstmokghgr pjkìtahms j pgrlatar gstms príhtahms, qug aehkuyg m lu`grgs lanrmetgs y dgspkmzmdms(JH-4/24 sjkahatmdm pjr gk Njoagrej dg Hjstm _ahm, =1243 Lmsmhrg Vkme dg Xíehbgz vs. Numtglmkm, ?6643 Lmsmhrg dg Lmrapapíe vs. Hjkjloam, ?667) aedìngems (Lmsmhrg Vkme dg Xíehbgz vs. Numtglmkm, ?6643 Igreíedgz Jrtgnm y jtrjs vs. Láxahj, ?6=63 _jsgedj Hmetð y jtrm vs. Láxahj, ?6=6), aestatuhajemkazmdms (Hmstrj Hmstrj vs. Vgrð, ?669 y jtrjs), pjr su hjedahaøe dg lu`gr j dg náegrj (Gspaejzm Njezíkgs vs. Vgrð, ?6=43 Hmlpj Mknjdjegrj vs. Láxahj, ?661) kkgnmedj m bmokmr dg lgdadms qug dgoge supgrmr kjs Gstmdjs pmrm mhmomr hje km ‛dashralaemhaøe gstruhturmk“ (Hmlpj Mknjdjegrj vs. Láxahj, ?661).

hjeijrlg m km kgy dgk pmìs dgk humk sgme emhajemkgs j dgk Gstmdj qug kjs prjpjenm hjlj hmedadmtj/m. Iugetg0 Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, Mrtìhukj 7? Hir. Gstmtutj dg km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, Mrtìhukj 4.

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Ge rgkmhaøe m km ‛vadm pravmdm dg kms lu`grgs“ bm aehkuadj gspghamklgetg hugstajegs dg dashralaemhaøe qug suirge lu`grgs pjr mspghtjs qug gstíe rgkmhajemdjs m rjkgs sjhamkgs msanemdjs irgetg m km jragetmhaøe sgxumk (Mtmkm _aiij y eaýms vs. Hbakg, ?6=?), irgetg mk hjestruhtj sjhamk dg kj qug sg getagedg hjlj rjk dg kms lu`grgs ge km sjhagdmd (Hmlpj Mknjdjegrj vs. Láxahj, ?661), j su adgetadmd hukturmk y sjhamk dg mknðe nrupj dgtgrlaemdj (Lmsmhrgs dg _ìj Egnrj vs. Numtglmkm, ?6=?), dg su mutjejlìm rgspghtj dg su bjerm y hjstulorgs (Lmsmhrgs dg _ìj Egnrj vs. Numtglmkm, ?6=?3 Lmsmhrgs dg Gk Ljzjtg y kunmrgs mkgdmýjs vs. Gk Xmkvmdjr, ?6=?3 Mrtmvam Lurakkj y jtrjs vs. Hjstm _ahm, ?6=?). Ge rgkmhaøe m km ‛vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms“ sgnðe km vadm, kjs dgrghbjs sgxumkgs y rgprjduhtavjs y gk glomrmzj (Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Qmcyg Mxm vs. Vmrmnumy, ?6673 Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Xmwbjymlmxm vs. Vmrmnumy, ?6693 Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Ríljc Císgc vs. Vmrmnumy, ?6=63 Msuetj dgk Hgetrj Vgeatgehamraj dg km _gnaøe Medaem rgspghtj m Ygegzugkm, ?6=?) m km prjtghhaøe dg km vadm (Mrtmvam Lurakkj y jtrjs vs. Hjstm _ahm, ?6=?3 Msuetj O. rgspghtj dg Gk Xmkvmdjr, ?6=8), g aetgnradmd pgrsjemk y vajkgeham (Hmstrj Hmstrj vs. Vgrð, ?6693 _jsgedj Hmetð y jtrm vs. Láxahj, ?6=63 Igreíedgz Jrtgnm y jtrjs vs. Láxahj, ?6=63 Ngklme vs. Wrunumy, ?6=?3 Lmsmhrgs dg _ìj Egnrj vs. Numtglmkm, ?6=?3 Lmsmhrgs dg Gk Ljzjtg y kunmrgs mkgdmýjs vs. Gk Xmkvmdjr, ?6=?). Yaehukmdj mk ‛Mhhgsj m km ùstaham dg kms lu`grgs“ ge rgkmhaøe m km dgoadm dakangeham dgk Gstmdj y jokanmhaøe dg prjtghhaøe y nmrmetìm dg dgrghbjs (Hmlpj Mknjdjegrj vs. Láxahj, ?6613 Ygkaz Irmehj vs. Numtglmkm, ?6=43 Igreíedgz Jrtgnm y jtrjs vs. Láxahj, ?6=6) gk rgspgtj mk dgoadj prjhgsj ùdahamk (_jsgedj Hmetð y jtrm vs. Láxahj, ?6=63 Lmsmhrgs dg _ìj Egnrj vs. Numtglmkm, ?6=6) g aevgstanmhaøe irgetg m dgeuehams dg vajkgeham (Nudagk Íkvmrgz y jtrjs vs. Numtglmkm, ?6=?3 @. vs. Vgrð, ?6=83 Ygkaz Irmehj y jtrjs vs. Numtglmkm, ?6=43 Gspaejzm Njezíkgz vs. Vgrð, 49

?6=4) j dg su rgpmrmhaøe aetgnrmk rgspghtj dg lgdadms daigrgehamdms sgnðe pgrspghtavm dg náegrj (Hmlpj Mknjdjegrj vs. Láxahj, ?6613 Igreíedgz Jrtgnm y jtrjs vs. Láxahj, ?6=63 _jsgedj Hmetð y jtrm vs. Láxahj, ?6=6)3 Ygkaz Irmehj y jtrjs vs. Numtglmkm, ?6=43 Gspaejzm Njezíkgz vs. Vgrð, ?6=4). Ge lmtgram dg ‛Vjkìtahms Vðokahms rgigradms m lu`grgs y eaýms“ km ùrasprudgeham rghjng mspghtjs rgkgvmetgs mk hjehgptj dg aetgnrmkadmd, y luy vmramdjs, qug vme dgsdg kms pjkìtahms y prjhgdalagetjs mdlaeastrmtavjs rgkmtavjs m kunmrgs dg gehagrrj (Hmstrj Hmstrj vs. Vgrð, ?6693 Msuetj Hgetrj Vgeatgehamraj dg km _gnaøe Medaem rgspghtj m Ygegzugkm, ?6=?) bmstm kms lgdadms qug dgoge sgr mdjptmdms pmrm mhmomr hje km vajkgeham qug suirge kms lu`grgs ge ngegrmk (Hmlpj Mknjdjegrj vs. Láxahj, ?661) j ge hmsjs pmrtahukmrgs hjlj humedj sje dgigesjrms dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs (Dgigesjr dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y jtrjs vs. Numtglmkm, ?6=4) dg kms eghgsadmdgs dg hmpmhatmhaøe m pgrsjems iuehajemrams pðokahms (Hmlpj Mknjdjegrj vs. Láxahj, ?6613 Igreíedgz Jrtgnm y jtrjs vs. Láxahj, ?6=63 _jsgedj Hmetð y jtrm vs. Láxahj, ?6=63 Lmsmhrgs dg Gk Ljzjtg y kunmrgs mkgdmýjs vs. Gk Xmkvmdjr, ?6=?3 Mtmkm _aiij y eaýms vs. Hbakg, ?6=?3 Mtmvam Lurakkj y jtrjs vs. Hjstm _ahm, ?6=?3 Ygkaz Irmehj y jtrjs vs. Numtglmkm, ?6=43 Gspaejzm Njezíkgz vs. Vgrð, ?6=4) bmstm km aestatuhaøe dg sgrvahajs daigrgehamdjs dg mtgehaøe m lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham (Igreíedgz Jrtgnm y jtrjs vs. Láxahj, ?6613 _jsgedj Hmetð y jtrm vs. Láxahj, ?6=6). Dg kms ðktalms mhtumhajegs dg km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs sg dgstmhm uem hrghagetg rgkgvmeham dg km hugstaøe dg km pgrspghtavm dg náegrj ge gk qugbmhgr dgk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej dg Vrjtghhaøe m kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs qug pugdg rgsularsg ge kms pmkmorms dg su prgsadgetg ge jhmsaøe dg km prgsgetmhaøe dgk Aeijrlg Meumk ?6=9 (?6=9, pín.>)0

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(…) gk Traouemk dgsmrrjkkø gk hjesgetalagetj aeijrlmdj ge km príhtahm ládahm dg gstgrakazmhajegs

dg lu`grgs, hjlj uem hjedahaøe aedaspgesmokg, omsmdm ge gk rgspgtj m km mutjejlìm y kaogrtmd dg gkkms sjorg sus prjpajs hugrpjs. _gmiarlmljs eugstrm ùrasprudgeham sjorg km alpjrtmeham dg uem mdghumdm pgrspghtavm dg náegrj ge humkquagr lmtgram qug alpmhtg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs. Km dashralaemhaøe m kms pmrg`ms dgk laslj sgxj ge humetj m ueajegs pmtraljeamkgs iug jtrj alpjrtmetg tglm dgsmrrjkkmdj. Ge gstg sgetadj, rgatgrmljs eugstrm pjsahaøe dg qug eaenuem ejrlm, mhtj j príhtahm pugdge daslaeuar j rgstraenar, dg ljdj mknuej, kjs dgrghbjs dg uem pgrsjem m pmrtar dg su jragetmhaøe sgxumk (…)4=

Dg km rghagetg mhtavadmd dg km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem sg dgstmhme km mdlasaøe dg djs hmsjs vaehukmdjs m km rgspjesmoakadmd dg kjs Gstmdjs pmrm prjljvgr dgrghbjs, y prgvgear y smehajemr vajkmhajegs dg dgrghbjs bulmejs irgetg m tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham qug suirge lu`grgs y eaýms. Ge lmtgram dg prjtghhaøe dg eaýms y lu`grgs mdjkgshgetgs, gk hmsj Y._.V. y Y.V.H. Ys. Eahmrmnum mhhaøe pjr km humk sg rgmiarlm km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk gstmdj ge km prjtghhaøe dg lu`grgs y eaýms ge gk íloatj djlástahj g aetrmimlakamr mk smehajemr mk Gstmdj Eahmrmnûgesg metg ue hmsj dg vajkgeham sgxumk aetrmimlakamr. Gk ?7 dg mnjstj dg ?6=9 km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem sjlgtaø gstg hmsj metg km Hjrtg, gk humk sg rgkmhajem hje km prgsuetm km vajkmhaøe sgxumk suiradm pjr km eaým Y._.V., quage mk ljlgetj dg kjs supugstjs bghbjs tgeìm eugvg mýjs dg gdmd, y quage miarlø qug gk rgspjesmokg dg tmkgs vajkmhajegs sgrìm su pmdrg. Xg mkgnm qug gk Gstmdj dg Eahmrmnum gs rgspjesmokg aetgremhajemklgetg pjr gk aehulpkalagetj dgk dgogr dg nmrmetìm dg kjs dgrghbjs m km aetgnradmd pgrsjemk, m km daneadmd, vadm pravmdm y mutjejlìm, m km anumkdmd y ej dashralaemhaøe y m km prjtghhaøe gspghamk hjlj eaým, pmrtahukmrlgetg, pjr gk aehulpkalagetj dgk dgogr dg

4=

Vmkmorms dgk Dr. _mi mgk Hmkdms, prgsadgetg dg km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Aeijrlg Meumk ?6=9. Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmej dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghupgrmdj dg0 bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/tmokms/aeijrlg?6=9/gspmejk.pdi

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aevgstanmr hje km dgoadm dakangeham, ge ue pkmzj rmzjemokg y dg lmegrm mhjrdg hje uem pgrspghtavm dg náegrj y kjs dgogrgs gstmtmkgs rgijrzmdjs dgravmdjs dg km hjedahaøe dg eaým dg km prgsuetm vìhtalm. Km Hjlasaøe sjstuvj, mdglís, qug Y._.V. bmorìm sadj nrmvglgetg rgvahtalazmdm hje ue alpmhtj sgvgrj ge su aetgnradmd psìquahm y ge km dg su lmdrg y bgrlmejs. Ge rgkmhaøe m vajkgeham dg hmríhtgr sgxumk, tmloaáe sg bm ngegrmdj ùrasprudgeham ge humetj m km rgspjesmoakadmd dg iuehajemrajs gstmtmkgs. Mk rgspghtj, km Hjrtg bm rgatgrmdj qug km imktm dg aevgstanmhaøe dg kms vajkmhajegs sgxumkgs hjlgtadms pjr mngetgs dg sgnuradmd dgk Gstmdj ej dgog sgr trmtmdm hjlj ue dgkatj hjkmtgrmk, saej qug su aevgstanmhaøe dgog ijrlmr pmrtg dg hmdm gtmpm dg km gstrmtgnam nkjomk dg aevgstanmhaøe dg pjsaokgs tjrturms. Msalaslj, km Hjrtg dgtgrlaeø qug km aevgstanmhaøe dg km vajkgeham sgxumk dgogrí kkgvmrsg m hmoj rgspgtmedj kms hmrmhtgrìstahms hukturmkgs dg kms vìhtalms4?. Ge lmtgram dg vajkgeham aestatuhajemk y vajkgeham hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs, gk Hmsj Xgkvms Nølgz y Jtrms Ys. Láxahj. Gk => dg sgptaglorg dg ?6=9 km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem sjlgtaø gstg hmsj metg km Hjrtg, gk humk sg rgkmhajem hje uem sgrag dg mkgnmdms vajkmhajegs m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, m km Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear y Xmehajemr km Tjrturm y m km Hjevgehaøe pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr, prgsuetmlgetg hjlgtadms ge hjetrm dg Lmramem Xgkvms Nølgz, Ngjrnaem Gdatb _jsmkgs Nutaárrgz, Lmrìm Vmtraham _jlgrj Bgreíedgz, Ejrlm Madá @aláegz Jsjraj, Hkmudam Bgreíedgz Lmrtìegz, Oíromrm Atmkam Láedgz Ljrgej, Mem Lmrìm Ygkmshj _jdrìnugz, Qjkmedm Luýjz Dajsdmdm, Hrastaem Xíehbgz Bgreíedgz, Vmtraham Tjrrgs Kaemrgs y Xubgkge Nmoragkm Hugvms @mrmlakkj, ge gk lmrhj dg kms prgsuetms dgtgehajegs y trmskmdjs rgmkazmdjs ge jpgrmtavjs 4?

Hmsj Laglorjs dg km M kdgm Hbahbupmh y hjlueadmdgs vghaems dgk Lueahapaj dg _moaemk Ys. Numtglmkm. Gxhgphajegs Vrgkalaemrgs, Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dg 86 dg ejvaglorg dg ?6=9. Xgrag H Ej. 8?2, pírr. ?79

41

pjkahìmhjs qug tuvagrje kunmr ge kjs lueahapajs dg Tgxhjhj y Xme Xmkvmdjr Mtgehj kjs dìms 8 y 4 dg lmyj dg ?669, rgspghtavmlgetg, ge gk lmrhj dg ue hjeikahtj y prjtgstms dg ikjrahuktjrgs y jtrjs nrupjs. Xg mkgnm qug gstms jehg lu`grgs iugrje dgtgeadms akgnmk y mroatrmramlgetg y qug, mdglís, suiragrje nrmvgs mhtjs dg vajkgeham iìsahm y psahjkønahm, aehkuygedj davgrsms ijrlms dg vajkgeham prgsuetmlgetg pjr mngetgs gstmtmkgs. Msalaslj, getrg kms sgetgehams prjeuehamdms ge gk ðktalj mýj, sg dgstmhm ge lmtgram dg Yajkgeham hjetrm kjs Dgrghbjs _gprjduhtavjs, gk hmsj A. Y. vs. Ojkavam, hje sgetgeham dg 86 dg ejvaglorg dg ?6=9. Gk hmsj iug sjlgtadj pjr km Hjlasaøe gk ?8 dg morak dg ?6=7 y sg rgkmhajem hje uem aetgrvgehaøe quarðrnahm dg kanmdurm dg kms trjlpms dg Imkjpaj, m km qug iug sjlgtadm km sgýjrm A.Y., sae su hjesgetalagetj. Km Hjrtg dghkmrø qug Ojkavam gs aetgremhajemklgetg rgspjesmokg pjr km gstgrakazmhaøe ej hjesgetadm m km qug iug sjlgtadm km vìhtalm dgk hmsj, km sgýjrm A.Y., y pjr km irustrmhaøe prjhgsmk ge gk mhhgsj m km ùstaham. Tmokm 7 - Dgstmhmdm ùrasprudgeham y djhulgetjs rgkgvmetgs dg rgigrgeham rgkmtavjs m km prjtghhaøe dg kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe y vajkgeham ge gk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej.

Íloatj _gstrahhajegs dg dgrghbjs havakgs

Hjedahajegs dg dgtgehaøe y prasaøe

Djhulgetj Jpaeaøe Hjesuktavm JH- 4/24. Vrjpugstm dg Ljdaiahmhaøe m km Hjestatuhaøe Vjkìtahm dg Hjstm _ahm rgkmhajemdm hje km emturmkazmhaøe, sjkahatmdm pjr gk Njoagrej dg Hjstm _ahm. _gsjkuhaøe dg =1 dg gegrj dg =124 Hmsj dgk Vgemk Lanugk Hmstrj Hmstrj Ys. Vgrð. Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham

Gxtrmhtjs praehapmkgs 9>. Ge hjesghugeham, km Hjrtg aetgrprgtm qug ej sg ùstaiahm y dgog sgr hjesadgrmdm hjlj dashralaemtjram km daigrgeham qug sg bmhg getrg kjs høeyungs ge gk pírrmij 4 dgk mrtìhukj =4 dgk prjyghtj pmrm km jotgehaøe dg km emhajemkadmd hjstmrrahgesg ge hjedahajegs gspghamkgs pjr rmzøe dgk lmtraljeaj. Ge gstg mspghtj, sae pgrùahaj dg jtrms josgrvmhajegs qug sg bahagrje mk tgxtj dg km rgsjkuhaøe prjpugstm pjr kjs daputmdjs dahtmlaemdjrgs S…\, ástm gxprgsm gk praehapaj dg anumkdmd hjeyunmk y, ge hjesghugeham, sg mdghðm lg`jr m km Hjevgehaøe. Xgnðe gsg prjyghtj tmkgs hjedahajegs sgrìme mpkahmokgs ej søkj m ‛km lu`gr gxtrme`grm“ saej m tjdm ‛pgrsjem gxtrme`grm“ qug hmsg hje hjstmrrahgesg.

868. Hje rgspghtj mk trmtmlagetj qug dgoge rghaoar kms lu`grgs dgtgeadms j mrrgstmdms, gk Mktj Hjlasajemdj dg kms Emhajegs Weadms pmrm kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs bm sgýmkmdj qug ‛ej dgoge

suirar dashralaemhaøe, y dgoge sgr prjtgnadms dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham j gxpkjtmhaøe“. Msalaslj, bm aedahmdj qug kms

dgtgeadms dgoge sgr supgrvasmdms y rgvasmdms pjr jiahamkgs iglgeaems y kms lu`grgs glomrmzmdms y ge kmhtmeham dgoge sgr

76

dg ?7 dg ejvaglorg dg ?669

prjvgìdms hje hjedahajegs gspghamkgs durmetg su dgtgehaøe. Gk Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr bm sgýmkmdj qug dahbm dashralaemhaøe aehkuyg km vajkgeham omsmdm ge gk sgxj, ‛gs dghar, km vajkgeham daranadm hjetrm km lu`gr pjrqug gs lu`gr j qug km mightm ge ijrlm dgsprjpjrhajemdm“, y qug momrhm ‛mhtjs qug aeikange dmýjs j suiralagetjs dg ìedjkg iìsahm,

lgetmk j sgxumk, mlgemzms dg hjlgtgr gsjs mhtjs, hjmhhaøe y jtrms ijrlms dg pravmhaøe dg km kaogrtmd“. Yajkgeham gstruhturmk y hukturm dg dashralaemhaøe

Yajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr

Hmsj jtrms Njezíkgz (‛Hmlpj y Mknjdjegrj“) Ys.

Láxahj. Gxhgphaøe Vrgkalaemr, Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dg =9 dg ejvaglorg dg ?661

Hmsj Igreíedgz Jrtgnm y jtrjs Ys. Láxahj. Gxhgphaøe Vrgkalaemr, Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dgk 86 dg mnjstj dg ?6=6

811. Km Hjrtg qug gstms dghkmrmhajegs rglatadms hjlj prugom pjr gk hjesadgrm Gstmdj, sje hjaehadgetgs hje su rghjejhalagetj dg rgspjesmoakadmd ge gk sgetadj dg qug ge Haudmd @uírgz gxastg uem ‛hukturm dg dashralaemhaøe“ qug aeikugehaø ge kjs bjlahadajs dg

kms lu`grgs ge Haudmd @uírgz. Msalaslj, km Hjrtg josgrvm qug hjlj ym iug gstmokghadj S…\, daigrgetgs aeijrlgs aetgremhajemkgs

bahagrje km hjegxaøe getrg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr ge Haudmd @uírgz. 46=. Ge salakmr ijrlm, gk Traouemk hjesadgrm qug gk gstgrgjtapj dg náegrj sg rgiagrg m uem prg-hjehgphaøe dg mtraoutjs j hmrmhtgrìstahms pjsgìdms j pmpgkgs qug sje j dgogrìme sgr g`ghutmdjs pjr bjlorgs y lu`grgs rgspghtavmlgetg. Tgeagedj ge hugetm kms lmeaigstmhajegs gightumdms pjr gk Gstmdj S…\, gs pjsaokg msjhamr km suojrdaemhaøe dg km lu`gr m príhtahms omsmdms ge gstgrgjtapjs dg náegrj sjhamklgetg djlaemetgs y sjhamklgetg pgrsastgetgs, hjedahajegs qug sg mnrmvme humedj kjs gstgrgjtapjs sg rgikg`me, alpkìhatm j gxpkìhatmlgetg, ge pjkìtahms y príhtahms, pmrtahukmrlgetg ge gk rmzjemlagetj y gk kgenum`g dg kms mutjradmdgs dg pjkahìm ùdahamk, hjlj jhurraø ge gk prgsgetg hmsj. Km hrgmhaøe y usj dg gstgrgjtapjs sg hjevagrtg ge uem dg kms hmusms y hjesghugehams dg km vajkgeham dg náegrj ge hjetrm dg km lu`gr. ==2. Gstg Traouemk rghugrdm, hjlj kj sgýmkm km Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkál dj Vmrí, qug km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr ej søkj hjestatuyg uem vajkmhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs, saej qug gs ‛uem jigesm

m km daneadmd bulmem y uem lmeaigstmhaøe dg kms rgkmhajegs dg pjdgr bastørahmlgetg dgsanumkgs getrg lu`grgs y bjlorgs“, qug ‛trmshagedg tjdjs kjs sghtjrgs dg km sjhagdmd

aedgpgedagetglgetg dg su hkmsg, rmzm j nrupj áteahj, eavgk dg aenrgsjs, hukturm, eavgk gduhmhajemk, gdmd j rgkanaøe y mightm egnmtavmlgetg sus prjpams omsgs“. Ge gk laslj sgetadj0 Hmsj

Náegrj y rjk sjhamk dg kms lu`grgs

Hmsj Mtmkm _aiij y Eaýms Ys. Hbakg. Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dgk ?4 dg igorgrj dg ?6=?

_jsgedj Hmetð y jtrm Ys. Láxahj. Gxhgphaøe Vrgkalaemr, Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dg 8= dg mnjstj dg ?6=6=9, pírr. =62. =46. Ge hjesghugeham, km Hjrtg hjesadgrm qug gxanarkg m km lmdrg qug hjedahajemrm sus jphajegs dg vadm alpkahm utakazmr uem hjehgphaøe ‛trmdahajemk“ sjorg gk rjk sjhamk dg kms lu`grgs hjlj

lmdrgs, sgnðe km humk sg gspgrm sjhamklgetg qug kms lu`grgs kkgvge km rgspjesmoakadmd praehapmk ge km hramezm dg sus ba`js g ba`ms y qug ge pjs dg gstj buoagrm dgoadj pravakgnamr km hramezm dg kjs eaýjs y eaýms rgeuehamedj m ue mspghtj gsgehamk dg su adgetadmd. (…)

Hmsj Ijregrøe g Ba`m Ys. Mrngetaem.

14. Vjr gk hjetrmraj, km Hjrtg josgrvm qug tmkgs miarlmhajegs rgspjedge m adgms prghjehgoadms sjorg gk rjk dg ue bjlorg y uem

Ijedj,

lu`gr ge humetj m dgtgrlaemdms iuehajegs j prjhgsjs

7=

_gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dg ?> dg morak dg ?6=?

rgprjduhtavjs, ge rgkmhaøe hje uem iuturm lmtgreadmd y pmtgreadmd. Xg trmtm dg ejhajegs omsmdms ge gstgrgjtapjs qug aedahme km eghgsadmd dg gvgetumkgs vìehukjs mightavjs j dg supugstjs dgsgjs lutujs dg ijrlmr uem imlakam, km prgsuetm alpjrtmeham dg km ‛ijrlmkadmd“ dg km rgkmhaøe, y gk rjk dg ue pmdrg

durmetg ue glomrmzj, quage dgog prjvggr huadmdjs y mtgehaøe m km lu`gr glomrmzmdm, pugs dg ej dmrsg gstjs prgsupugstjs sg prgsularìm uem imktm dg adjegadmd j hmpmhadmd dgk pmdrg ge sus

Hmsj Gspaejzm Njezíkgs Ys. Vgrð. Gxhgphajegs Vrgkalaemrgs, Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dg ?6 dg ejvaglorg dg ?6=4.

iuehajegs hje rgspghtjhuadmdj m km eaým, j aehkusj qug gk pmdrg ej gstmom aetgrgsmdj ge prjvggr y oagegstmr m ástm. 11. Msalaslj, gstm Hjrtg ym bm gstmokghadj qug uem dgtgrlaemhaøe m pmrtar dg prgsuehajegs y gstgrgjtapjs sjorg km hmpmhadmd g adjegadmd pmrgetmk dg pjdgr nmrmetazmr y prjljvgr gk oagegstmr y dgsmrrjkkj dgk eaýj ej gs mdghumdm pmrm msgnurmr gk aetgrás supgrajr dgk eaýj. Mdahajemklgetg, gk Traouemk hjesadgrm qug gk aetgrás supgrajr dgk eaýj ej pugdg sgr utakazmdj pmrm egnmr gk dgrghbj dg su prjngeatjr pjr su gstmdj havak, ge ogegiahaj dg mqugkkjs qug hugetme hje ue gstmdj havak qug sg mùstm m ue dgtgrlaemdj hjehgptj dg imlakam. ?92. Mk rgspghtj, km Hjrtg hjesadgrm qug gk gstgrgjtapj dg náegrj sg rgiagrg m uem prg-hjehgphaøe dg mtraoutjs j hmrmhtgrìstahms pjsgìdms j pmpgkgs qug sje j dgogrìme sgr g`ghutmdjs pjr bjlorgs y lu`grgs rgspghtavmlgetg. Ge gstg jrdge dg adgms, km Hjrtg bm adgetaiahmdj gstgrgjtapjs dg náegrj qug sje aehjlpmtaokgs hje gk dgrghbj aetgremhajemk dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y rgspghtj dg kjs humkgs kjs Gstmdjs dgoge tjlmr lgdadms pmrm grrmdahmrkjs. ?>?. Mk rgspghtj, km pgratm _goghm Hjjc miarlø metg km Hjrtg qug ‛Sk\m hmrmhtgrazmhaøe dg km lu`gr sjspghbjsm dg mhtavadmd hralaemk hjlj uem S‒\ hbahm lmkm S‑\ pgrlatg egnmrkgs su lmdurgz y

bulmeadmd y msì gxalar dg rgspjesmoakadmd Sm\ kms pgrsjems rgspjesmokgs dg su hustjdam“, sgýmkmedj qug getrg kms

hmrmhtgrìstahms qug sugkge mtraouarsg m kms lu`grgs sjspghbjsms dg bmogr hjlgtadj dgkatjs sg aehkuyge ‛s gr msgrtavms, lmeapukmdjrms, hmrghgr dg hrgdaoakadmd y tgedgeham m dgsmiamr m km mutjradmd“. Mýmdg km pgratm qug ‛Sk\js ùghgs qug hjlpmrtge gstgrgjtapjs dg

náegrj salakmrgs mhgrhm dg kms lu`grgs hjesadgrmdms sjspghbjsms hjesghugetglgetg pugdgSe\ prjvjhmr qug km dghasaøe dg su aejhgeham j hukpmoakadmd ej sg iuedmlgetg ge gvadgeham mprjpamdm, j aehkusj sg kgs pugdg alpjegr hmstanjs lís sgvgrjs qug m kms lu`grgs sjspghbjsms qug sg sjlgtge m km mutjradmd lmshukaem“.

Ge vastm dg kj metgrajr, km Hjrtg rghjejhg y rghbmzm gk gstgrgjtapj dg náegrj pjr gk humk sg hjesadgrm m kms lu`grgs sjspghbjsms dg bmogr hjlgtadj ue dgkatj hjlj aetrìesghmlgetg ej hjeiamokgs j lmeapukmdjrms, gspghamklgetg ge gk lmrhj dg prjhgsjs ùdahamkgs. Mk rgspghtj, km Hjrtg bm msgvgrmdj qug vmkjrmhajegs dg gstm emturmkgzm lugstrme ‛ue hratgraj dashrghajemk y dashralaemtjraj hje omsg ge km satumhaøe prjhgsmk dg kms lu`grgs S…\“

Yajkgeham hjetrm km

Hmsj dgk Vgemk Lanugk Hmstrj

8==. Km Hjrtg rghjejhg qug km vajkmhaøe sgxumk dg uem dgtgeadm pjr ue mngetg dgk Gstmdj gs ue mhtj gspghamklgetg nrmvg y

lu`gr hjlj

Hmstrj Ys. Vgrð.

rgprjomokg, tjlmedj ge hugetm km vukegrmoakadmd dg km vìhtalm y

7?

uem ijrlm dg tjrturm

Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dg ?7 dg ejvaglorg dg ?669.

gk mousj dg pjdgr qug dgspkagnm gk mngetg. Msalaslj, km vajkmhaøe sgxumk gs uem gxpgrageham sulmlgetg trmulítahm qug pugdg tgegr sgvgrms hjesghugehams y hmusm nrme dmýj iìsahj y psahjkønahj qug dg`m m km vìhtalm ‛bulakkmdm iìsahm y gljhajemklgetg“,

satumhaøe daiìhaklgetg supgrmokg pjr gk pmsj dgk taglpj, m daigrgeham dg kj qug mhjetghg ge jtrms gxpgragehams trmulítahms.

?.7 Bgrrmlagetms y rghjlgedmhajegs gightumdms ge gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs, y m Vmrmnumy rgigradms m km Vrjtghhaøe Aetgnrmk dg kms Lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham.

Xae dgslgrghgr prjhgsjs metgrajrgs, m kjs tárlaejs dg gstm aevgstanmhaøe sg hjesadgrmríe hjlj Xastglm Weavgrsmk (dg Vrjtghhaøe m kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs) m kms bgrrmlagetms y rghjlgedmhajegs qug bmhge pmrtg dgk Xastglm dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kms Emhajegs Weadms m pmrtar dg =142 hje km hjesghugetg aestmkmhaøe dg ørnmejs dg trmtmdjs pmrm km josgrvmeham dg hulpkalagetj dg kjs hjlprjlasjs hjevgehajemkgs dg sus Gstmdjs Vmrtg, hjeigrgehams gspghamkgs y gspghamkazmdms u jtrjs lghmeasljs dg ngegrmhaøe dg pgesmlagetj ùrìdahj aetgremhajemk. ?.7.= Ngegrmkgs dgk Xastglm Weavgrsmk.

Km anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs gs uem dg kms nmrmetìms iuedmlgetmkgs dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs. Km Hmrtm dg kms Emhajegs Weadms, mprjomdm ge =147, gstmokghg getrg sus jo`gtavjs gk dg ‛rgmiarlmr km ig ge kjs dgrghbjs iuedmlgetmkgs dgk bjlorg, ge km daneadmd y gk vmkjr dg km pgrsjem bulmem (…) y ge km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dg bjlorgs y lu`grgs“. Mdglís, ge gk Mrtìhukj = dg km Hmrtm sg gstapukm qug uej dg kjs prjpøsatjs dg kms Emhajegs Weadms gs gk dg ijlgetmr gk rgspgtj dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y kms kaogrtmdgs iuedmlgetmkgs ‛sae bmhgr dastaehaøe pjr ljtavjs dg rmzm, sgxj, adajlm j rgkanaøe“. Msalaslj, kjs Mrtìhukjs =8 (lmedmtj dg km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk) y 77 (prjljhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs ueavgrsmkgs) prjbìoge km dashralaemhaøe pjr ljtavjs dg sgxj. 78

Hje km Dghkmrmhaøe Weavgrsmk dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs (=142) sg miarlm qug kjs dgrghbjs prjhkmlmdjs ge gkkm sje pmrm lu`grgs y bjlorgs ‛sae dastaehaøe mknuem dg (...) sgxj (...)“. Ge su rgdmhhaøe sg utakazme kjs tárlaejs ‛tjdjs kjs sgrgs bulmejs“ y ‛tjdm pgrsjem“ pmrm dg`mr iugrm dg humkquagr dudm qug km Dghkmrmhaøe Weavgrsmk sg rgigrìm m tjdjs, tmetj bjlorgs hjlj lu`grgs. Wem vgz mprjomdm km Dghkmrmhaøe Weavgrsmk, km Hjlasaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs aeahaø gk prjhgsj qug kkgvmrìm m km rgdmhhaøe dg djs trmtmdjs dg dgrghbjs bulmejs hjesadgrmdjs pakmrgs dgk mhtumk Xastglm Weavgrsmk0 gk Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs y gk Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs3 kjs humkgs, ùetj hje km Dghkmrmhaøe Weavgrsmk, hjestatuyge km Hmrtm Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Kjs ørnmejs gehmrnmdjs dg vanakmr km mpkahmhaøe dg kjs trmtmdjs jirghge msalaslj aetgrprgtmhajegs mutjrazmdms dg kjs trmtmdjs y, humedj kjs Gstmdjs bme dmdj su mhugrdj, tmloaáe gxmlaeme kms dgeuehams aedavadumkgs dg prgsuetms vukegrmhajegs dg dgrghbjs pjr lgdaj dg lghmeasljs gspghìiahjs. ?.7.=.= Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs y gk Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs.

Dg =199, utakazme tárlaejs adáetahjs pmrm prjbaoar km dashralaemhaøe, getrg jtrjs ljtavjs, pjr ljtavjs dg sgxj (Mrtìhukj ?), msì hjlj pmrm nmrmetazmr m kjs bjlorgs y kms lu`grgs km anumkdmd ge gk njhg dg tjdjs kjs dgrghbjs geuehamdjs ge mlojs djhulgetjs (Mrtìhukj 8). Gk Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs 48 nmrmetazm, getrg jtrjs, gk dgrghbj m km vadm, m km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km tjrturm, m ej sgr sjlgtadj m gshkmvatud, gk dgrghbj m km kaogrtmd y km sgnuradmd pgrsjemkgs, kjs dgrghbjs rgkmtavjs m kms nmrmetìms prjhgsmkgs y prjhgdalagetjs ùdahamkgs, m km anumkdmd metg km kgy, m harhukmr kaorglgetg, m km kaogrtmd dg pgesmlagetj, dg 48

Gk tgxtj hjlpkgtj dgk VADHV sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge0

bttp0//www.jbhbr.jrn/XV/VrjigssajemkAetgrgst/Vmngs/HHV_.mspx

74

hjehageham y dg rgkanaøe, m km kaogrtmd dg msjhamhaøe, kjs dgrghbjs rgkmtavjs m km vadm imlakamr y m kjs ba`js, kjs dgrghbjs ge lmtgram dg haudmdmeìm y pmrtahapmhaøe pjkìtahm, y kjs dgrghbjs dg kjs nrupjs laejratmrajs m su hukturm, su rgkanaøe y su adajlm. Gk Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs 44 gstmokghg km prjtghhaøe aetgremhajemk dgk dgrghbj m trmom`mr, m iuedmr saedahmtjs, kjs dgrghbjs rgkmtavjs mk lmtraljeaj, km prjtghhaøe dg km lmtgreadmd y dg km aeimeham, gk dgrghbj m ue eavgk dg vadm mdghumdj, gk dgrghbj m km smkud, m km gduhmhaøe, kjs dgrghbjs rgkmtavjs m km hukturm y km hageham y gk dgrghbj m vavar ge ue mloagetg smkudmokg. Kms daspjsahajegs dg mlojs Vmhtjs, msì hjlj kms dg kjs dglís trmtmdjs dg dgrghbjs bulmejs, sje ùrìdahmlgetg vaehukmetgs pmrm kjs Gstmdjs qug kjs rmtaiahme j sg mdbagrge m gkkjs. Kjs Gstmdjs qug bme rmtaiahmdj kjs trmtmdjs prgsgetme aeijrlgs pgraødahjs m kjs ørnmejs dg gxpgrtjs, qug ijrlukme rghjlgedmhajegs sjorg kms lgdadms eghgsmrams pmrm hulpkar kms jokanmhajegs gstmokghadms ge kjs trmtmdjs47. ?.7.=.? Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr.

Ge =19> sg mprjoø uem Dghkmrmhaøe Aetgremhajemk sjorg km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. Gstm Dghkmrmhaøe, gstmokghg qug km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr hjestatuyg uem jigesm m km daneadmd bulmem y padg m kjs Gstmdjs qug mdjptge lgdadms pmrm ‛mojkar kms kgygs, hjstulorgs, rgnkmlgetjs y príhtahms gxastgetgs qug hjestatuyme uem dashralaemhaøe ge hjetrm dg

44

Gk tgxtj hjlpkgtj dgk VADGXH sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge0 bttp0//www.jbhbr.jrn/XV/VrjigssajemkAetgrgst/Vmngs/HGXH_.mspx 47 Mktj Hjlasajemdj dg kms Emhajegs Weadms pmrm kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs (MHEWDB), Ijkkgtj aeijrlmtavj E° 860 Gk sastglm dg trmtmdjs dg dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms Emhajegs Weadms, y MHEWDB, Ijkkgtj aeijrlmtavj E° >0 Vrjhgdalagetjs pmrm prgsgetmr dgeuehams aedavadumkgs ge vartud dg trmtmdjs dg dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms Emhajegs Weadms

77

km lu`gr, y pmrm msgnurmr km prjtghhaøe ùrìdahm mdghumdm dg km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dgk bjlorg y km lu`gr“. Lgejs dg ue mýj dgspuás dg km mprjomhaøe, sg prjpusj km gkmojrmhaøe dg ue trmtmdj sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg km lu`gr ùrìdahmlgetg vaehukmetg. Dg gstm lmegrm surnaø km Hjevgehaøe sjorg km Gkalaemhaøe dg Tjdms kms Ijrlms dg Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr 49 qug iug mprjomdm pjr km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk ge =1>1. Hjejhadm hjlj HGDM^, momrhm kjs dgrghbjs havakgs y pjkìtahjs (dgrghbj m vjtmr, m pmrtahapmr ge km vadm pðokahm, m mdquarar, hmloamr j hjesgrvmr su emhajemkadmd, m km anumkdmd metg km kgy y m harhukmr kaorglgetg) y kjs dgrghbjs ghjeølahjs, sjhamkgs y hukturmkgs (dgrghbj m km gduhmhaøe, mk trmom`j, km smkud y mk hrádatj iaemehagrj). Ge gstm Hjevgehaøe sg dgshraog km emturmkgzm y gk saneaiahmdj dg km dashralaemhaøe pjr ljtavjs dg sgxj y gstmokghg km jokanmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs dg gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe y hjesgnuar uem anumkdmd sustmetavm. Gstmokghg km jokanmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs dg mojrdmr ej sjkj kms kgygs dashralaemtjrams, saej tmloaáe kms príhtahms y hjstulorgs, msì hjlj km dashralaemhaøe dg km lu`gr ge gk íloatj pravmdj, dgtgrlaemedj dg gstm lmegrm praehapajs ngegrmkgs hjestatuyge gk lmrhj dg rgigrgeham dg kms jokanmhajegs gspghìiahms dg kjs Gstmdjs dg gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr ge gk íloatj pjkìtahj, sjhamk, ghjeølahj y hukturmk. Ge gk Megxj A sg prgsgetm ue humdrj qug gstmokghg gk vìehukj getrg kjs Mrtìhukjs dg gstm Hjevgehaøe Aetgremhajemk y km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9.

49

Gk tgxtj hjlpkgtj dg km HGDM^ sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge0

bttp0//www.jbhbr.jrn/XV/VrjigssajemkAetgrgst/Vmngs/HGDM^.mspx

79

?.7.=.8 Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj.

Dg =121, km Hjevgehaøe Aetgremhajemk sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj y dg km Eaým 4>, muequg ge su tgxtj ej daigrgeham gspghìiahjs dgrghbjs pmrm eaýms j mdjkgshgetgs lu`grgs, gs gspghamklgetg rgkgvmetg pmrm gstg gstudaj ym qug lmrhm kms pmutms qug dgogríe sgr hjesadgrmdms ge km aetgrprgtmhaøe dg km Kgy ge ngegrmk y ge gk gstmokghalagetj dg kms lgdadms gspghamkgs dg prjtghhaøe dgk nrupj imlakamr. Xgýmkm ge su Mrtìhukj ?, qug0 Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs rgspgtmríe kjs dgrghbjs geuehamdjs ge km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe y msgnurmríe su mpkahmhaøe m hmdm eaýj su`gtj m su ùrasdahhaøe, sae dastaehaøe mknuem, aedgpgedagetglgetg dg km rmzm, gk hjkjr, gk sgxj, gk adajlm, km rgkanaøe, km jpaeaøe pjkìtahm j dg jtrm ìedjkg, gk jrange emhajemk, áteahj j sjhamk, km pjsahaøe ghjeølahm, kjs alpgdalgetjs iìsahjs, gk emhalagetj j humkquagr jtrm hjedahaøe dgk eaýj, dg sus pmdrgs j dg sus rgprgsgetmetgs kgnmkgs.

Msalaslj, ge km sgnuedm pmrtg dgk Mrtìhukj, sgýmkm gxprgsmlgetg qug0 Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs tjlmríe tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms pmrm nmrmetazmr qug gk eaýj sg vgm prjtgnadj hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe j hmstanj pjr hmusm dg km hjedahaøe, kms mhtavadmdgs, kms jpaeajegs gxprgsmdms j kms hrggehams dg sus pmdrgs, j sus tutjrgs j dg sus imlakamrgs.

Dg gstm lmegrm, sg gstmokghg dg lmegrm tmxmtavm, km prjbaoahaøe dg tjdm ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe y km rgspjesmoakadmd dg kjs Gstmdjs pmrtg dg prjtgngr m tjdjs kjs eaýjs, kms eaýms y kms pgrsjems mdjkgshgetgs dg mlojs sgxjs, dg tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham.

4>

Gk tgxtj hjlpkgtj dg km HDE sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge0

bttp0//www.jbhbr.jrn/XV/VrjigssajemkAetgrgst/Vmngs/H_H.mspx

7>

?.7.=.4 _ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 dgk Hjlatá pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr.

Vrjduhtj dgk ==vj pgrìjdj dg sgsajegs dgk Hjlatá HGDM^ 42 (=11?), gs hjesadgrmdm hjlj uej dg kjs pakmrgs ge gk rghjejhalagetj dg km jokanmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs ge rghjejhgr mk dgrghbj dg kms lu`grgs m ej sgr vìhtalms dg humkquagr ijrlm dg vajkgeham hjlj pmrtg dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Getrg jtrms hjsms, memkazm gk sgetadj dg km Hjevgehaøe pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe, bmhagedj uem gspghamk rgigrgeham m qug vajkgeham omsmdm ge bghbj dg qug uem pgrsjem gs lu`gr gs km lmyjr gxprgsaøe dg dashralaemhaøe y gstmokghg km jokanmhaøe dg kjs

Gstmdjs, ej sjkj dg prjtgngr m kms lu`grgs dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham pjr pmrtg dg mngetgs gstmtmkgs, saej qug tmloaáe dg km vajkgeham qug pugdm jhurrar ge gk íloatj pravmdj dg vadm y hjevavgeham dg tjdms kms lu`grgs m kj kmrnj dg tjdm su vadm. Ej jostmetg, hmog suormymr qug, dg hjeijrladmd hje km Hjevgehaøe, km dashralaemhaøe ej sg kalatm m kjs mhtjs hjlgtadjs pjr kjs njoagrejs j ge su ejlorg (vámesg kjs aehasjs g) y i) dgk mrtìhukj ? y gk mrtìhukj 7). Vjr g`glpkj, ge vartud dgk aehasj g) dgk mrtìhukj ? dg km Hjevgehaøe, kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs sg hjlprjlgtge m mdjptmr tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms pmrm gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr prmhtahmdm pjr humkgsquagrm pgrsjems, jrnmeazmhajegs j glprgsms. Ge vartud dgk dgrghbj aetgremhajemk y dg pmhtjs gspghìiahjs dg dgrghbjs bulmejs, kjs Gstmdjs tmloaáe pugdge sgr rgspjesmokgs dg mhtjs pravmdjs sa ej mdjptme lgdadms hje km dakangeham dgoadm pmrm alpgdar km vajkmhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs j pmrm aevgstanmr y hmstanmr kjs mhtjs dg vajkgeham g aedgleazmr m kms vìhtalms.

42

Gk tgxtj hjlpkgtj dg gstm Dghkmrmh aøe Ngegrmk y dg jtrms Dghkmrmhajegs Ngegrmkgs dgk Hjlatá sg gehugetrme

daspjegs ge0 bttp0//www.ue.jrn/wjlgewmthb/dmw/hgdmw/rghjllgedmtajes/rghjll-sp.btl

72

?.7.=.7 Ogaàen Dghkmrmtaje med Vkmtijrl ijr Mhtaje (Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen).

Mdjptmdm ge km Humrtm Hjeigrgeham Luedamk sjorg km Lu`gr 41 (=117) prgsgetm djhg mspghtjs rgkmtavjs m km alpkglgetmhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg km lu`gr, lgehajemedj dg lmegrm gxpkìhatm m kjs dgrghbjs dg km lu`gr hjlj dgrghbjs bulmejs, y gstmokghg ue prjnrmlm pmrm gk glpjdgrmlagetj. Km Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe aehkuyg uem sgrag dg jo`gtavjs gstrmtánahjs pmrm gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr y kjnrmr km anumkdmd getrg lu`grgs y bjlorgs. Hjekkgvm gstrmtgnams pjkìtahms y ùrìdahms m gshmkm luedamk omsmdms ge gk lmrhj dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs. Km Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe gs km gxprgsaøe lís hjlpkgtm dgk hjlprjlasj dg kjs Gstmdjs ge imvjr dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg km lu`gr.

41

Gk tgxtj hjlpkgtj dg km Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge0

bttp0//www.ue.jrn/wjlgewmthb/dmw/ogaàen/pdi/ODViM%?6G.pdi

71

?.7.=.9 Aetgremtajemk Hjeigrgehg je Vjpukmtaje med Dgvgkjplget Vrjnrmllg ji Mhtaje (Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj).

Muequg km Hjeigrgeham76 gstmom dgdahmdm m tglms dg pjokmhaøe, sg hjesadgrø ge qug km hugstaøe dg ‛pjokmhaøe“ ej sjkj dgoìm hjesadgrmrsg dgsdg uem pgrspghtavm dgljnríiahm, saej sjorg tjdj dgsdg gk puetj dg vastm bulmej. Dg gstm lmegrm, sg gstmokghagrje jo`gtavjs gspghìiahjs pmrm kjs Njoagrejs rgkmtavjs m0 gduhmhaøe ueavgrsmk3 rgduhhaøe dg km ljrtmkadmd egjemtmk, aeimetak y lmtgrem3 gk mhhgsj ueavgrsmk m sgrvahajs dg smkud rgprjduhtavm, ge pmrtahukmr dg pkmeaiahmhaøe dg km imlakam, msastgeham ge gk pmrtj y prgvgehaøe dg geigrlgdmdgs dg trmeslasaøe sgxumk, ge pmrtahukmr gk YAB/XADM, pmrm ?6=7. ?.7.=.> Gstrmtgnam Luedamk ?.6 pmrm km Xmkud dg kms Lu`grgs, kjs Eaýjs y kjs Mdjkgshgetgs.

Gstmokghadm ge sgptaglorg dg ?6=6, Gvgry ^jlme, Gvgry Hbakd 7= (G^GH) gs ue ljvalagetj nkjomk qug alpuksm g aetgesaiahm lgdadms aetgremhajemkgs y emhajemkgs nuogremlgetmkgs, luktakmtgrmkgs, dgk sghtjr pravmdj y dg km sjhagdmd havak pmrm bmhgr irgetg m kjs nrmedgs rgtjs smeatmrajs qug mightme m kms lu`grgs y m kjs eaýjs, aehkuadm km smkud rgprjduhtavm y lmtgrem. Xg bm dasgýmdj pmrm kkgvmr m km príhtahm km Gstrmtgnam Nkjomk pmrm km Xmkud dg kms Lu`grgs, kjs Eaýjs y kjs Mdjkgshgetgs, qug hjestatuyg uem nuìm sjorg hølj lg`jrmr km iaemehamhaøe, rgijrzmr kms pjkìtahms y lg`jrmr kjs sgrvahajs sjorg gk tgrrgej pmrm kms lu`grgs y kjs eaýjs lís vukegrmokgs. Km pralgrm Gstrmtgnam Luedamk ?6=6 sg dgsmrrjkkø hje gk iae dg mhgkgrmr gk prjnrgsj dg kjs JDL, lagetrms qug km sgnuedm, prgsgetmdm ge Eugvm Qjrc ge sgptaglorg dg ?6=7 ùetj hje km eugvm

76

Gk tgxtj hjlpkgtj dgk Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg sjkj ge aenkás, ge0 bttp0//www.ueipm.jrn/satgs/dgimukt/iakgs/puopdi/prjnrmllgZjiZmhtajeZ^go%?6GENKAXB.pdi 7= Aeijrlmhaøe hjlpkgtm sjorg km hjeigrgeham y Gstrmtgnam dg Mhhaøe, daspjeaokg ge0 bttp0//nkjomkstrmtgny.gvgrywjlmegvgryhbakd.jrn/

96

Mngedm, sg bm gkmojrmdj pmrm hjlpkgtmr km tmrgm aemhmomdm dg kjs JDL, bmhgr irgetg m kms dgsanumkdmdgs ge y getrg kjs pmìsgs y myudmr m gstjs m glpgzmr m alpkglgetmr km Mngedm ?686. ?.7.=.2 Mngedm dg Mhhaøe dg Mddìs Mogom.

Mhjrdmdm ge ùkaj dg ?6=7, gstmokghg kms omsgs pmrm km alpkglgetmhaøe dg km mngedm luedamk pmrm gk dgsmrrjkkj sjstgeaokg, muequg tmloaáe momrhm hugstajegs lís mlpkams, hjlj km dgudm y gk hjlgrhaj. Km MMMM7? gstmokghg qug0 Km prgsgetg Mngedm, aehkuadjs kjs JDX, pugdg hulpkarsg ge gk lmrhj dg uem Mkamezm Luedamk pmrm gk Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg rgvatmkazmdm, hje gk mpjyj dg kms pjkìtahms y lgdadms hjehrgtms aedahmdms ge km Mngedm dg Mhhaøe dg Mdìs Mogom, qug gs pmrtg aetgnrmk dg km Mngedm ?686 pmrm gk Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Km Mngedm dg Mhhaøe dg Mdìs Mogom sarvg dg mpjyj, hjlpkglgetj y hjetgxtj pmrm kms lgtms rgkmtavms m kjs lgdajs dg alpkglgetmhaøe dg km Mngedm ?686. Ge gkkm sg mojrdme kjs sanuagetgs íloatjs0 rghursjs emhajemkgs pðokahjs3 mhtavadmd iaemehagrm y hjlgrhamk pravmdm emhajemk g aetgremhajemk3 hjjpgrmhaøe aetgremhajemk pmrm gk dgsmrrjkkj3 gk hjlgrhaj aetgremhajemk hjlj ljtjr dgk dgsmrrjkkj3 km dgudm y km sjstgeaoakadmd dg km dgudm3 trmtmlagetj dg kms hugstajegs sastálahms3 hageham, tghejkjnìm, aeejvmhaøe y hrgmhaøe dg hmpmhadmd3 y dmtjs, vanakmeham y sgnualagetj.

Km myudm pmrm gk dgsmrrjkkj y gk mvmehg dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs sg bm hjestatuadj hjlj uej dg kjs pakmrgs iuedmlgetmkgs pmrm gk mvmehg dg dgrghbjs ge tjdj gk luedj. Gspghamklgetg ge lmtgram dg msgsjrmlagetj táheahj, kjs pmìsgs qug trmesatme prjhgsjs dg dgsmrrjkkj rgquagrge dg mpjyj mdahajemk, sgm gstg emhajemk (dgsdg kms Jrnmeazmhajegs dg km Xjhagdmd Havak j glprgsms gspghamkazmdms) hjlj aetgremhajemk. Luhbjs dg kjs rghursjs bulmejs y ghjeølahjs pmrm gstjs 7?

M/_GX/91/8=8 _gsjkuhaøe mprjomdm pjr km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk gk ?> dg ùkaj dg ?6=7 Ssae rglasaøe prgvam m uem Hjlasaøe Vraehapmk (M/91/K.2?)\ 91/8=8. Mngedm dg Mhhaøe dg Mddas Mogom dg km Tgrhgrm Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg km Iaemehamhaøe pmrm gk Dgsmrrjkkj (Mngedm dg Mhhaøe dg Mddas Mogom) sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge0 bttp0//uehtmd.jrn/lggtaens/gs/XgssajemkDjhulgets/mrgs91d8=8Zgs.pdi

9=

prjhgsjs prjvagege dg kms kkmlms ‛mngedms y hjesgesjs dg hjjpgrmhaøe ghjeølahm“ ge djedg kjs pmìsgs djemetgs sg pjege dg mhugrdj ge tglms, prajradmdgs y g`gs dg hjjpgrmhaøe. Wej dg kjs prjhgsjs lís rghagetgs dg mhugrdjs nkjomkgs pmrm gk dgsmrrjkkj aetgremhajemk sg aeahaø ge gk lmrhj dg meíkasas sjorg kms kghhajegs mprgedadms mk rgspghtj dg kjs dgejlaemdjs Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj dgk Lakgeaj78 (JDL) ge gk qug sg rghjejhaø km eghgsadmd dg gstmokghgr mhugrdjs lìealjs pmrm ueaiahmr hratgrajs dg hjjpgrmhaøe. Gstg prjhgsj sg aeahaø hje gk Hjesgesj dg Ljetgrrgy (?66?) y km Dghkmrmhaøe dg Djbm (?662), gspmhajs ge kjs qug sg rgiaraø gspghìiahmlgetg m km iaemehamhaøe dgk dgsmrrjkkj. Wej dg sus praehapmkgs jo`gtavjs, iug rgijrzmr gk lmrhj aetgremhajemk pmrm km iaemehamhaøe dgk dgsmrrjkkj sjstgeaokg y kjs lgdajs pmrm km alpkglgetmhaøe dg km Mngedm ?686. Muequg km Hjeigrgeham ej mkudg ge hjehrgtj m km iaemehamhaøe rgigradm m ijrlms dg vajkgeham bmham km lu`gr, pgrj gxang ue mulgetj dg km iaemehamhaøe mk dgsmrrjkkj, ge eugvms tghejkjnìms y smeatmram, gspghamklgetg pmrm lu`grgs y eaýjs ‛qug sg bmyme vastj mightmdjs dg lmegrm dgsprjpjrhajemdm pjr luhbjs prjokglms dg smkud“. Tmloaáe bmhg rgigrgeham gspghìiahm m km alpjrtmeham dg km anumkdmd getrg kjs náegrjs pmrm kjnrmr ue hrghalagetj ghjeølahj sjstgeadj, aehkusavj y gquatmtavj y ue dgsmrrjkkj sjstgeaokg, msì hjlj m km alpjrtmeham dg kms lgdadms g aevgrsajegs daranadms m gstg iae. Km pmrtahapmhaøe mlpkam dg kjs Gstmdjs ge gstms hjeigrgehams gs gspghamklgetg rgkgvmetg dmdj qug ej sjkj sg gstmokghge hjlprjlasjs dg pmìsgs djemetgs, saej qug saneaiahme uem jpjrtueadmd dg kjs pmìsgs qug rgquagrge mpjyj pmrm su dgsmrrjkkj pmrm hjejhgr kjs rgqugralagetjs y praehapajs

78

Vmrm lís aeijrlmhaøe sjorg gk alpmhtj dg kjs JDL ge km mhtumk mngedm dg dgsmrrjkkj, pugdg vasatmr gk aeijrlg dgk Ijedj pmrm Kjs Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg y kms hjehkusajegs dg km rgueaøe dgk Hgetrj dg Nrmdumdjs dg km Weavgrsadmd dg km Haudmd dg Eugvm Qjrc (HWEQ) rgmkazmdm gk dìm kuegs =8 dg ùeaj dg ?6=9, sjorg kms kghhajegs mprgedadms dgk Ijedj pmrm kjs Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj dgk Lakgeaj (Ijedj JDL) y su alpjrtmeham hje vastms m km eugvm Mngedm ?686 pmrm gk Dgsmrrjkkj. Gk aeijrlg sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge gk sataj bttp0//www.sdniued.jrn/gs/mprgedagedj-kms-kghhajegs-dgk-ijedj-jdl

9?

pmrm gk gstmokghalagetj dg pjtgehamk hjjpgrmhaøe ghjeølahm j táheahm. Vmrmnumy pmrtahapø ge km Hjeigrgeham y sgýmkø qug0 (…) Miarlmedj qug km Mngedm dg Mhhaøe dg Mddas rgijrzø kjs mhugrdjs mkhmezmdjs ge Ljetgrrgy, sg dgstmhm km alpjrtmeham dg km hjjpgrmhaøe aetgremhajemk. Gk hjlgrhaj luedamk gs pmrtahukmrlgetg alpjrtmetg pmrm gk Vmrmnumy y gs alpjrtmetg rghjejhgr kms eghgsadmdgs gspghìiahms dg kjs pmìsgs ge dgsmrrjkkj sae katjrmk. M pgsmr dg km rgduhhaøe dg km pjorgzm, kms pgrsjems dgoge rghaoar hmpmhatmhaøe mdahajemk3 Vjr gsm rmzøe, kms tghejkjnìms dg hjlueahmhajegs grme hrìtahms. Km mngedm dg mhhaøe m sgr mdjptmdm tageg luhbj ge hjlðe hje gk pkme emhajemk dg dgsmrrjkkj dg Vmrmnumy, ym qug sg geijhm ge kms eghgsadmdgs dg kjs lís vukegrmokgs. Vjr gstm rmzøe, kjs pmìsgs dgsmrrjkkmdjs dgoge rgijrzmr km hjjpgrmhaøe pmrm kjs pmìsgs sae katjrmk y jtrjs pmìsgs, dg mhugrdj hje sus eghgsadmdgs gspghìiahms. Mbjrm bmy qug ijr`mr uem eugvm mkamezm getrg pmìsgs dgsmrrjkkmdjs y ge dgsmrrjkkj pmrm qug emdag qugdg mtrís74.

?.7.=.1 Kjs Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg (Mngedm ?686).

Kjs Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg (JDX) hjestatuyge ue lmrhj dg => jo`gtavjs y =91 lgtms qug hjeùnme kms dalgesajegs sjhamk, ghjeølahm y mloagetmk dgk dgsmrrjkkj sjstgeaokg, y qug kjs Gstmdjs laglorjs dg km JEW sg bme hjlprjlgtadj m bmhgr rgmkadmd pmrm gk mýj ?686 77.

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Gxtrmhtj dg km aetgrvgehaøe dg Lmrhgkj Xhmppaea _ahhamrda gk =9 dg ùkaj dg ?6=7 (_gprgsgetmetg dg Vmrmnumy metg km Hjeigrgeham)0 miiarlaen tbmt tbg Mddas mhtaje mngedm strgentbgegd tbg mnrgglgets rgmhbgd ae Ljetgrrgy, strgssgd tbg alpjrtmehg ji aetgremtajemk pmrtegrsbap. Nkjomk trmdg wms pmrtahukmrky alpjrtmet tj Vmrmnumy, med at wms alpjrtmet tj mhcejwkgdng tbg spghaiah eggds ji kmedkjhcgd dgvgkjpaen hjuetrags. Dgspatg rgduhaen pjvgrty, pgjpkg lust og iurtbgr trmaegd3 ijr tbmt rgmsje, hjllueahmtajes tghbejkjnags wgrg hratahmk. Bg lmaetmaegd tbmt ‛

tbg mhtaje mngedm tj og mdjptgd bmd luhb ae hjllje watb Vmrmnumy‑s emtajemk dgvgkjplget pkme, ms at ijhusgd

je tbg eggds ji tbg ljst vukegrmokg. Ijr tbmt rgmsje, dgvgkjpgd hjuetrags lust ojkstgr hjjpgrmtaje ijr kmedkjhcgd med jtbgr hjuetrags, mhhjrdaen tj tbgar spghaiah eggds. M egw mkkamehg ogtwgge dgvgkjpgd med dgvgkjpaen hjuetrags lust ejw og ijrngd sj tbmt ej jeg wms kgit ogbaed“. Aeijrlmhaøe mdahajemk y mhhgsj m km Dghkmrmhaøe daspjeaokg ge bttps0//www.ue.jrn/prgss/ge/?6=7/dgv8=1=.djh.btl 77

Vmrm lís aeijrlmhaøe sjorg kjs JDX pugdg vasatmr gk sataj bttp0//www.sdniued.jrn/gs

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M kjs gightjs dg gstm aevgstanmhaøe, sjkmlgetg sg bmrí rgigrgeham m kjs Jo`gtavjs y Lgtms vaehukmdjs m km rgspjesmoakadmd dg prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs ge ngegrmk, y gk lmrhj hjevgehajemk dg Vmrmnumy ge pmrtahukmr 79. Jo`gtavj 8. Nmrmetazmr uem vadm smem y prjljvgr gk oagegstmr dg tjdjs m tjdms kms gdmdgs.

Lgtms0 •

8.= Dg mquì m ?686, rgduhar km tmsm luedamk dg ljrtmkadmd lmtgrem m lgejs dg >6 pjr hmdm =66.666 emhadjs vavjs.

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Dg mquì m ?686, pjegr iae m kms gpadglams dgk XADM, km tuogrhukjsas, km lmkmram y kms geigrlgdmdgs trjpahmkgs dgsmtgedadms y hjlomtar km bgpmtatas, kms geigrlgdmdgs trmeslatadms pjr gk mnum y jtrms geigrlgdmdgs trmeslasaokgs.

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8.> Dg mquì m ?686, nmrmetazmr gk mhhgsj ueavgrsmk m kjs sgrvahajs dg smkud sgxumk y rgprjduhtavm, aehkuadjs kjs dg pkmeaiahmhaøe imlakamr, aeijrlmhaøe y gduhmhaøe, y km aetgnrmhaøe dg km smkud rgprjduhtavm ge kms gstrmtgnams y kjs prjnrmlms emhajemkgs.

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8.2 Kjnrmr km hjogrturm smeatmram ueavgrsmk, aehkuadm km prjtghhaøe hjetrm kjs ragsnjs iaemehagrjs, gk mhhgsj m sgrvahajs dg smkud gsgehamkgs dg hmkadmd y gk mhhgsj m lgdahmlgetjs y vmhuems aejhujs, giahmhgs, msgquaokgs y dg hmkadmd pmrm tjdjs.

Jo`gtavj 4. Nmrmetazmr uem gduhmhaøe aehkusavm y gquatmtavm dg hmkadmd y prjljvgr jpjrtueadmdgs dg mprgedazm`g pgrlmegetg pmrm tjdjs.

Lgtms0 •

4.= Dg mquì m ?686, msgnurmr qug tjdms kms eaýms y tjdjs kjs eaýjs tgrlaege km gesgýmezm pralmram y sghuedmram, qug bm dg sgr nrmtuatm, gquatmtavm y dg hmkadmd y prjduhar rgsuktmdjs dg mprgedazm`g pgrtaegetgs y gightavjs.

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Vmrm lís aeijrlmhaøe sjorg kjs prjnrmlms y prjyghtjs vaehukmdjs m km alpkglgetmhaøe dg kjs JDX ge Vmrmnumy,

vasatg gk sataj bttp0//www.sdniued.jrn/gs/sgmrhb/ejdg/pmrmnumy

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4.7 Dg mquì m ?686, gkalaemr kms daspmradmdgs dg náegrj ge km gduhmhaøe y msgnurmr gk mhhgsj anumkatmraj m tjdjs kjs eavgkgs dg km gesgýmezm y km ijrlmhaøe prjigsajemk pmrm kms pgrsjems vukegrmokgs, aehkuadms kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd, kjs pugokjs aedìngems y kjs eaýjs ge satumhajegs dg vukegrmoakadmd.

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4.> Dg mquì m ?686, msgnurmr qug tjdjs kjs mkulejs mdquagrme kjs hjejhalagetjs tgørahjs y príhtahjs eghgsmrajs pmrm prjljvgr gk dgsmrrjkkj sjstgeaokg, getrg jtrms hjsms lgdametg km gduhmhaøe pmrm gk dgsmrrjkkj sjstgeaokg y kjs gstakjs dg vadm sjstgeaokgs, kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs, km anumkdmd dg náegrj, km prjljhaøe dg uem hukturm dg pmz y ej vajkgeham, km haudmdmeìm luedamk y km vmkjrmhaøe dg km davgrsadmd hukturmk y km hjetraouhaøe dg km hukturm mk dgsmrrjkkj sjstgeaokg

Jo`gtavj 7. Kjnrmr km anumkdmd dg náegrj y glpjdgrmr m tjdms kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms.

Lgtms0 •

7.= Vjegr iae m tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm tjdms kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms ge tjdj gk luedj.

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7.? Gkalaemr tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm tjdms kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms ge kjs íloatjs pðokahj y pravmdj, aehkuadms km trmtm y km gxpkjtmhaøe sgxumk y jtrjs tapjs dg gxpkjtmhaøe.

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7.8 Gkalaemr tjdms kms príhtahms ejhavms, hjlj gk lmtraljeaj aeimetak, prghjz y ijrzmdj y km lutakmhaøe ngeatmk iglgeaem.

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7.4 _ghjejhgr y vmkjrmr kjs huadmdjs y gk trmom`j djlástahj ej rgluegrmdjs lgdametg sgrvahajs pðokahjs, aeirmgstruhturms y pjkìtahms dg prjtghhaøe sjhamk, y prjljvagedj km rgspjesmoakadmd hjlpmrtadm ge gk bjnmr y km imlakam, sgnðe prjhgdm ge hmdm pmìs.

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7.7 Msgnurmr km pmrtahapmhaøe pkgem y gightavm dg kms lu`grgs y km anumkdmd dg jpjrtueadmdgs dg kadgrmznj m tjdjs kjs eavgkgs dghasjrajs ge km vadm pjkìtahm, ghjeølahm y pðokahm.

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7.9 Msgnurmr gk mhhgsj ueavgrsmk m km smkud sgxumk y rgprjduhtavm y kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs sgnðe kj mhjrdmdj dg hjeijrladmd hje gk Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk

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sjorg km Vjokmhaøe y gk Dgsmrrjkkj, km Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen y kjs djhulgetjs iaemkgs dg sus hjeigrgehams dg gxmlge. •

7.m Glprgedgr rgijrlms qug jtjrnuge m kms lu`grgs anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs m kjs rghursjs ghjeølahjs, msì hjlj mhhgsj m km prjpagdmd y mk hjetrjk dg km tagrrm y jtrjs tapjs dg oagegs, kjs sgrvahajs iaemehagrjs, km bgrgeham y kjs rghursjs emturmkgs, dg hjeijrladmd hje kms kgygs emhajemkgs.

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7.o Lg`jrmr gk usj dg km tghejkjnìm aestrulgetmk, ge pmrtahukmr km tghejkjnìm dg km aeijrlmhaøe y kms hjlueahmhajegs, pmrm prjljvgr gk glpjdgrmlagetj dg kms lu`grgs.

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7.h Mprjomr y ijrtmkghgr pjkìtahms mhgrtmdms y kgygs mpkahmokgs pmrm prjljvgr km anumkdmd dg náegrj y gk glpjdgrmlagetj dg tjdms kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms m tjdjs kjs eavgkgs.

Jo`gtavj 9. Nmrmetazmr km daspjeaoakadmd y km ngstaøe sjstgeaokg dgk mnum y gk smegmlagetj pmrm tjdjs.

Lgtm0 •

9.? Dg mquì m ?686, kjnrmr gk mhhgsj m sgrvahajs dg smegmlagetj g banageg mdghumdjs y gquatmtavjs pmrm tjdjs y pjegr iae m km dgighmhaøe mk marg kaorg, prgstmedj gspghamk mtgehaøe m kms eghgsadmdgs dg kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms y kms pgrsjems ge satumhajegs dg vukegrmoakadmd

Jo`gtavj 2. Vrjljvgr gk hrghalagetj ghjeølahj sjstgeadj, aehkusavj y sjstgeaokg, gk glpkgj pkgej y prjduhtavj y gk trmom`j dghgetg pmrm tjdjs.

Lgtm0 •

2.8 Vrjljvgr pjkìtahms jragetmdms mk dgsmrrjkkj qug mpjyge kms mhtavadmdgs prjduhtavms, km hrgmhaøe dg pugstjs dg trmom`j dghgetgs, gk glprgedalagetj, km hrgmtavadmd y km aeejvmhaøe, y ijlgetmr km ijrlmkazmhaøe y gk hrghalagetj dg kms lahrjglprgsms y kms pgqugýms y lgdamems glprgsms, aehkusj lgdametg gk mhhgsj m sgrvahajs iaemehagrjs.

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2.7 Dg mquì m ?686, kjnrmr gk glpkgj pkgej y prjduhtavj y gk trmom`j dghgetg pmrm tjdms kms lu`grgs y kjs bjlorgs, aehkuadjs kjs `øvgegs y kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd, msì hjlj km anumkdmd dg rgluegrmhaøe pjr trmom`j dg anumk vmkjr.

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2.> Mdjptmr lgdadms aelgdamtms y giahmhgs pmrm grrmdahmr gk trmom`j ijrzjsj, pjegr iae m kms ijrlms hjetglpjríegms dg gshkmvatud y km trmtm dg pgrsjems y msgnurmr km prjbaoahaøe y gkalaemhaøe dg kms pgjrgs ijrlms dg trmom`j aeimetak, aehkuadjs gk rghkutmlagetj y km utakazmhaøe dg eaýjs sjkdmdjs, y, dg mquì m ?6?7, pjegr iae mk trmom`j aeimetak ge tjdms sus ijrlms.

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2.2 Vrjtgngr kjs dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs y prjljvgr ue getjrej dg trmom`j sgnurj y sae ragsnjs pmrm tjdjs kjs trmom`mdjrgs, aehkuadjs kjs trmom`mdjrgs lanrmetgs, ge pmrtahukmr kms lu`grgs lanrmetgs y kms pgrsjems hje glpkgjs prghmrajs.

Jo`gtavj =6. _gduhar km dgsanumkdmd ge kjs pmìsgs y getrg gkkjs.

Lgtms0 •

=6.? Dg mquì m ?686, pjtgehamr y prjljvgr km aehkusaøe sjhamk, ghjeølahm y pjkìtahm dg tjdms kms pgrsjems, aedgpgedagetglgetg dg su gdmd, sgxj, dashmpmhadmd, rmzm, gteam, jrange, rgkanaøe j satumhaøe ghjeølahm u jtrm hjedahaøe.

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=6.8 Nmrmetazmr km anumkdmd dg jpjrtueadmdgs y rgduhar km dgsanumkdmd dg rgsuktmdjs, aehkusj gkalaemedj kms kgygs, pjkìtahms y príhtahms dashralaemtjrams y prjljvagedj kgnaskmhajegs, pjkìtahms

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y lgdadms mdghumdms m gsg rgspghtj. =6.4 Mdjptmr pjkìtahms, gspghamklgetg iashmkgs, smkmramkgs y dg prjtghhaøe sjhamk, y kjnrmr prjnrgsavmlgetg uem lmyjr anumkdmd.

Jo`gtavj =9. Vrjljvgr sjhagdmdgs pmhìiahms g aehkusavms pmrm gk dgsmrrjkkj sjstgeaokg, imhakatmr gk mhhgsj m km ùstaham pmrm tjdjs y hjestruar m tjdjs kjs eavgkgs aestatuhajegs giahmhgs g aehkusavms qug raedme hugetms.

Lgtms0 9>

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=9.= _gduhar saneaiahmtavmlgetg tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham y kms hjrrgspjedagetgs tmsms dg ljrtmkadmd ge tjdj gk luedj.

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=9.? Vjegr iae mk lmktrmtj, km gxpkjtmhaøe, km trmtm y tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham y tjrturm hjetrm kjs eaýjs.

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=9.8 Vrjljvgr gk gstmdj dg dgrghbj ge kjs pkmejs emhajemk g aetgremhajemk y nmrmetazmr km anumkdmd dg mhhgsj m km ùstaham pmrm tjdjs

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=9.> Nmrmetazmr km mdjphaøe ge tjdjs kjs eavgkgs dg dghasajegs aehkusavms, pmrtahapmtavms y rgprgsgetmtavms qug rgspjedme m kms eghgsadmdgs.

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=9.1 Dg mquì m ?686, prjpjrhajemr mhhgsj m uem adgetadmd ùrìdahm pmrm tjdjs, ge pmrtahukmr lgdametg gk rgnastrj dg emhalagetjs.

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=9.=6 Nmrmetazmr gk mhhgsj pðokahj m km aeijrlmhaøe y prjtgngr kms kaogrtmdgs iuedmlgetmkgs, dg hjeijrladmd hje kms kgygs emhajemkgs y kjs mhugrdjs aetgremhajemkgs.

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=9.m Ijrtmkghgr kms aestatuhajegs emhajemkgs pgrtaegetgs, aehkusj lgdametg km hjjpgrmhaøe aetgremhajemk, pmrm hrgmr m tjdjs kjs eavgkgs, pmrtahukmrlgetg ge kjs pmìsgs ge dgsmrrjkkj, km hmpmhadmd dg prgvgear km vajkgeham y hjlomtar gk tgrrjraslj y km dgkaehugeham.

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=9.o Vrjljvgr y mpkahmr kgygs y pjkìtahms ej dashralaemtjrams ge imvjr dgk dgsmrrjkkj sjstgeaokg.

?.7.? Ngegrmkgs dgk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej.

Km Hmrtm dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs 7> gs ue djhulgetj qug rgsulg gk gspìratu y iaegs dg km JGM g aehkuyg uem daspjsahaøe gspghìiahm sjorg km ej dashralaemhaøe ge su

7>

_gijrlmdm pjr gk Vrjtjhjkj dg _gijrlms m km Hmrtm dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs "Vrjtjhjkj dg Ougejs Margs", sushratj gk ?> dg igorgrj dg =19>, ge km Tgrhgrm Hjeigrgeham Aetgrmlgrahmem Gxtrmjrdaemram, pjr gk Vrjtjhjkj dg _gijrlms m km Hmrtm dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs "Vrjtjhjkj dg Hmrtmngem dg Aedams", mprjomdj gk 7 dg dahaglorg dg =127, ge gk dghaljhumrtj pgrìjdj gxtrmjrdaemraj dg sgsajegs dg km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk, pjr gk Vrjtjhjkj dg _gijrlms m km Hmrtm dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs "Vrjtjhjkj dg ^msbaentje", mprjomdj gk =4 dg dahaglorg dg =11?, ge gk dghaljsgxtj pgrìjdj gxtrmjrdaemraj dg sgsajegs dg km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk, y pjr gk Vrjtjhjkj dg _gijrlms m km Hmrtm dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs "Vrjtjhjkj dg Lmemnum", mdjptmdj gk =6 dg ùeaj dg =118, ge gk dghaljejvgej pgrìjdj gxtrmjrdaemraj dg sgsajegs dg km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk. Gk tgxtj hjlpkgtj sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge bttp0//www.jms.jrn/gs/skm/dda/trmtmdjsZluktakmtgrmkgsZaetgrmlgrahmejsZM-4=ZhmrtmZJGM.msp

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hmpìtukj AA, mrtìhukj 8 k), y km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge su mrtìhukj =. Mdglís, ge =114 km Jrnmeazmhaøe mprjoø km Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr (Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkál dj Vmrí). Ge gk lmrhj dg gstms ejrlms hjevgehajemkgs rgnajemkgs, luhbjs bme sadj kjs gsiugrzjs pmrm gstmokghgr uem mngedm hjlðe dg trmom`j pmrm gk alpuksj dg kjs tglms qug sje dg prgjhupmhaøe ngegrmk. Ge gstg sgetadj, y ge pmrmkgkj mk gsiugrzj aetgremhajemk, kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs dg JGM, bme hjevgeadj ge dgsmrrjkkmr ue djhulgetj qug rghj`m kms qug sg getagedge sje prajradmdgs dg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj vaehukmetgs m kms hmrmhtgrìstahms dg km rgnaøe. Dg gstm lmegrm, uej dg kjs mhugrdjs lís rghagetgs mk rgspghtj gs gk Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjog Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj. ?.7.?.= Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr (Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí)

Mdjptmdm ge =114, gstm Hjevgehaøe sg hjestatuyg hjlj gk g`g praehapmk pmrm km hjestruhhaøe dg humkquagr kgy aetgnrmk dg prjtghhaøe m kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham dmdj qug gstmokghg kjs pmrílgtrjs pmrm, hjlj su ejlorg kj aedahm, prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. Vrjpjeg pjr pralgrm vgz ge gk lmrhj dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe, gk dgsmrrjkkj dg lghmeasljs dg prjtghhaøe y dgigesm dg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs hjlj iuedmlgetmkgs pmrm kuhbmr hjetrm gk igeølgej dg km vajkgeham hjetrm su aetgnradmd iìsahm, sgxumk y psahjkønahm, tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj ge gk pravmdj y su rgavaedahmhaøe dgetrj dg km sjhagdmd. Msalaslj, dgiaeg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, gstmokghg gk dgrghbj dg kms lu`grgs m vavar uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham y km dgstmhm hjlj uem vajkmhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y dg kms kaogrtmdgs iuedmlgetmkgs.

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Ge gk Megxj A, sg prgsgetm uem tmokm qug memkazm gk vìehukj getrg kjs mrtìhukjs dg gstm ejrlm hje km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9. ?.7.?.? Vrjtjhjkj Mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Gk Vrjtjhjkj Mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg

dgrghbjs ghjeølahjs sjhamkgs y hukturmkgs, hjejhadj hjlj Vrjtjhjkj dg Xme Xmkvmdjr, dgsnkjsm kj gstmokghadj ge kms jokanmhajegs dg kjs Gstmdjs mk rgspghtj dgk Mrtìhukj ?9 dg km HMDB gstmokghagedj hratgrajs dg mpkahmhaøe dg gstjs dgrghbjs gstmokghagedj msì gk mkhmehg dg km aetgrprgtmhaøe hjevgehajemk dg kjs lasljs. ?.7.?.8 Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj.

Gk Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj 72 (?6=8, pín. =?), gstmokghg Lgtms Gspghìiahms y Vrajratmrams dg Dgsmrrjkkj ge omsg m kjs praehapajs dg ‛ueavgrsmkadmd, anumkdmd, trmesvgrsmkadmd, aetgnrmkadmd, aehkusaøe, sjkadmradmd, gquadmd y daneadmd

y kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs ge km mpkahmhaøe dg kjs geijqugs bmham tjdjs kjs nrupjs ge hjedahaøe dg vukegrmoakadmd, msì hjlj kjs tglms hjegxjs rgkmhajemdjs hje km smkud, gduhmhaøe, hjlueadmd, njogremoakadmd y sjstgeaoakadmd pmrm km alpkglgetmhaøe rgnajemk dgk Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg Gk Hmarj y sus lgdadms hkmvg pm rm sgnuar g`ghutíedjkj, y su sgnualagetj dgspuás dg ?6=4“3

Xg rgmiarlm, msalaslj, ‛qug km kmahadmd dgk Gstmdj gs tmloaáe iuedmlgetmk pmrm nmrmetazmr gk g`grhahaj pkgej dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs, km prjiuedazmhaøe dg km dgljhrmham y km gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm kms pgrsjems“ (Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj

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sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj, pín. =?), getrg jtrjs praehapajs. Gstg tapj dg Dghkmrmhaøe, mdglís dg sgr uem nuìm pmrm gk mhhgsj m rghursjs rgnajemkgs daspjeaokgs ge lmtgram ghjeølahm, aevgstanmhajegs j dgsmrrjkkj, pgrlatg getgedgr gk mvmehg dgk pgesmlagetj hagetìiahj ge km lmtgram ge km rgnaøe. Km josgrvmokg hmetadmd dg Lgtms Vrajratmrams y Dgsmiìjs vaehukmdjs mk jo`gtj dg gstm aevgstanmhaøe, dglugstrm km aetrìesghm rgkmhaøe dg km kuhbm hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe y vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms hje gk dgsmrrjkkj. Lgtm Vrajratmram M. Aetgnrmhaøe pkgem dg km pjokmhaøe y su daeílahm ge gk dgsmrrjkkj sjstgeaokg hje anumkdmd y rgspgtj dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs. •

Dgsmiìj =0 Vrjiuedazmr kms pjkìtahms pðokahms y mhhajegs eghgsmrams pmrm grrmdahmr km pjorgzm y rjlpgr kjs hìrhukjs dg gxhkusaøe y dgsanumkdmd hjlj hjedahaøe pmrm kjnrmr gk dgsmrrjkkj dg km rgnaøe.

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Dgsmiìj ?0 Mpkahmr ue geijqug dg dgrghbjs bulmejs hje pgrspghtavm dg náegrj g aetgrhukturmk ge gk trmtmlagetj dg kjs msuetjs dg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj, g aehrglgetmr kjs gsiugrzjs tgedagetgs m su rghjejhalagetj, prjljhaøe y prjtghhaøe, hje gk iae dg gkalaemr kms dgsanumkdmdgs y ijlgetmr km aehkusaøe sjhamk.

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Dgsmiìj 80 Gstmokghgr y ijrtmkghgr km aestatuhajemkadmd pðokahm gehmrnmdm dg kjs tglms dg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj, m gshmkm emhajemk y suo-emhajemk, y msgnurmr su aetgnrmkadmd y sjstgeaoakadmd, hje km pmrtahapmhaøe mhtavm dg jtrjs mhtjrgs ej nuogremlgetmkgs.

Lgtm Vrajratmram O. Dgrghbjs, eghgsadmdgs, rgspjesmoakadmdgs y dglmedms dg eaýjs, eaýms, mdjkgshgetgs y `øvgegs. •

Dgsmiìj >0 Nmrmetazmr m eaýjs, eaýms, mdjkgshgetgs y `øvgegs, sae eaenðe tapj dg dashralaemhaøe, kms jpjrtueadmdgs pmrm tgegr uem vadm kaorg dg pjorgzm y dg vajkgeham, km prjtghhaøe y gk g`grhahaj >=

dg dgrghbjs bulmejs, km daspjeaoakadmd dg jphajegs, y gk mhhgsj m km smkud, km gduhmhaøe y km prjtghhaøe sjhamk. •

Dgsmiìj 20 Nmrmetazmr msalaslj km gxastgeham dg lghmeasljs dg pmrtahapmhaøe gightavm dg mdjkgshgetgs y `øvgegs ge gk dgomtg pðokahj, ge km tjlm dg dghasajegs y ge tjdms kms gtmpms dg kms pjkìtahms y prjnrmlms, ge pmrtahukmr ge mqugkkms qug kgs mtmýge darghtmlgetg, sae eaenðe tapj dg dashralaemhaøe ijrtmkghagedj kjs lghmeasljs aestatuhajemkgs dg ùvgetud.

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Dgsmiìj 1. Aevgrtar ge km ùvgetud, m trmvás dg pjkìtahms pðokahms gspghìiahms y hjedahajegs daigrgehamkgs dg mhhgsj, gspghamklgetg ge km gduhmhaøe pðokahm, ueavgrsmk, kmahm, aetgrhukturmk, kaorg dg dashralaemhaøe, nrmtuatm y dg hmkadmd, pmrm kjnrmr qug sgm uem gtmpm dg vadm pkgem y smtasimhtjram, qug kgs pgrlatm hjestruarsg m sì lasljs hjlj pgrsjems mutøejlms, rgspjesmokgs y sjkadmrams, hmpmhgs dg geirgetmr hrgmtavmlgetg kjs rgtjs dgk sankj RRA.

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Dgsmiìj ==0 Msgnurmr km gightavm alpkglgetmhaøe dg prjnrmlms dg gduhmhaøe aetgnrmk pmrm km sgxumkadmd, rghjejhagedj km mightavadmd, dgsdg km pralgrm aeimeham, rgspgtmedj km mutjejlìm prjnrgsavm dgk eaýj y kms dghasajegs aeijrlmdms dg mdjkgshgetgs y `øvgegs sjorg su sgxumkadmd, hje geijqug pmrtahapmtavj, aetgrhukturmk, dg náegrj y dg dgrghbjs bulmejs.

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Dgsmiìj =?0 Alpkglgetmr prjnrmlms dg smkud sgxumk y smkud rgprjduhtavm aetgnrmkgs, jpjrtuejs y dg hmkadmd pmrm mdjkgshgetgs y `øvgegs, qug aehkuyme sgrvahajs dg smkud sgxumk y smkud rgprjduhtavm mlanmokgs, hje pgrspghtavm dg náegrj, dgrghbjs bulmejs, aetgrngegrmhajemk g aetgrhukturmk, y qug nmrmetahge gk mhhgsj m látjdjs metahjehgptavjs ljdgrejs, sgnurjs y giahmhgs, rgspgtmedj gk praehapaj dg hjeiadgehamkadmd y pravmhadmd, pmrm qug mdjkgshgetgs y `øvgegs g`grzme sus dgrghbjs sgxumkgs y dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs, tgenme uem vadm sgxumk rgspjesmokg, pkmhgetgrm y smkudmokg, gvatge kjs glomrmzjs tglprmejs y kjs ej dgsgmdjs, km trmeslasaøe dgk YAB y jtrms aeighhajegs dg trmeslasaøe sgxumk3 y tjlge dghasajegs kaorgs, aeijrlmdms y rgspjesmokgs hje rgkmhaøe m su vadm sgxumk y rgprjduhtavm y mk g`grhahaj dg su jragetmhaøe sgxumk.

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Dgsmiìj =80 Vjegr ge príhtahm j ijrtmkghgr pjkìtahms y prjnrmlms pmrm gvatmr km dgsgrhaøe gshjkmr dg kms mdjkgshgetgs glomrmzmdms y kms lmdrgs `øvgegs. >?

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Dgsmiìj =40 Dmr prajradmd m prgvgear gk glomrmzj ge km mdjkgshgeham y gkalaemr gk mojrtj aesgnurj, lgdametg km gduhmhaøe aetgnrmk pmrm km sgxumkadmd, y gk mhhgsj jpjrtuej y hjeiadgehamk m km aeijrlmhaøe, msgsjrmlagetj, tghejkjnìms y sgrvahajs dg hmkadmd, aehkuadm km metahjehgphaøe jrmk dg glgrngeham sae rghgtm y kjs hjedjegs iglgeaejs y lmshukaejs.

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Dgsmiìj =70 Dasgýmr gstrmtgnams aetgrsghtjramkgs daranadms m myudmr m kms lu`grgs m prgvgear gk glomrmzj suosanuagetg ge km mdjkgshgeham, aehkuadm km mtgehaøe prgemtmk, dgk pmrtj y pjspmrtj, gk mhhgsj m látjdjs metahjehgptavjs, m kms mhhajegs dg prjtghhaøe y msastgeham y m km ùstaham.

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Dgsmiìj =90 Nmrmetazmr m eaýjs, eaýms, mdjkgshgetgs y `øvgegs kms jpjrtueadmdgs y hmpmhadmdgs pmrm uem smem hjevavgeham y uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham, lgdametg gstrmtgnams aetgrsghtjramkgs qug aehkuyme mhtumr sjorg kjs dgtgrlaemetgs qug daiahuktme km hjevavgeham y prjlugvge km vajkgeham, qug oraedge uem ijrlmhaøe qug prjlugvm km tjkgrmeham y gk mprghaj pjr kms daigrgehams, gk rgspgtj lutuj y dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs, km rgsjkuhaøe dg hjeikahtjs y km pmz dgsdg km pralgrm aeimeham, y msgnurge km prjtghhaøe y gk mhhgsj jpjrtuej m km ùstaham dg kms vìhtalms y km rgpmrmhaøe dgk dmýj.

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Dgsmiìj =>0 Nmrmetazmr tmloaáe dmtjs gstmdìstahjs hjeiamokgs, dgsmnrgnmdjs pjr sgxj, gdmd, hjedahaøe lanrmtjram, rmzm y gteam, vmramokgs hukturmkgs y uoahmhaøe ngjnríiahm ge lmtgram dg gduhmhaøe, smkud, ge pmrtahukmr smkud sgxumk y smkud rgprjduhtavm, glpkgj y pmrtahapmhaøe dg mdjkgshgetgs y `øvgegs.

Lgtm Vrajratmram H. Gevg`ghalagetj, prjtghhaøe sjhamk y dgsmiìjs sjhajghjeølahjs. •

Dgsmiìj =20 Ijrlukmr pjkìtahms hje pgrspghtavm dg náegrj qug msgnurge ue gevg`ghalagetj dg hmkadmd, tmetj pmrm kms pgrsjems qug vavge ge kms haudmdgs hjlj ge gk hmlpj y km sgkvm.

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Dgsmiìj ?60 Dgsmrrjkkmr pjkìtahms m tjdj eavgk (emhajemk, igdgrmk y kjhmk) tgedagetgs m nmrmetazmr km hmkadmd dg vadm, gk dgsmrrjkkj dg kms pjtgehamkadmdgs y km pmrtahapmhaøe pkgem dg kms pgrsjems lmyjrgs, mtgedagedj m kms eghgsadmdgs dg gstìlukjs (aetgkghtumkgs, mightavjs y iìsahjs) y hjetglpkmedj km daigrgetg satumhaøe dg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, hje gspghamk áeimsas m kjs nrupjs lís >8

sushgptaokgs dg dashralaemhaøe (pgrsjems lmyjrgs hje dashmpmhadmd, hmrgetgs dg rghursjs ghjeølahjs y/j hjogrturm prgvasajemk y pgrsjems lmyjrgs qug vavge sjkms y/j ej hugetme hje rgdgs dg hjetgehaøe). •

Dgsmiìj ??0 Grrmdahmr kms lðktapkgs ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe qug mightme m kms pgrsjems lmyjrgs, aehkuygedj tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm lu`grgs y bjlorgs lmyjrgs, tgeagedj ge hugetm kms jokanmhajegs dg kjs Gstmdjs hje rgspghtj m ue gevg`ghalagetj hje daneadmd y dgrghbjs.

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Dgsmiìj ?80 Gstmokghgr j hjesjkadmr prjnrmlms dg dgrghbjs bulmejs qug geirgetge y gkalaege kms vajkgehams ge km gsigrm pðokahm y pravmdm, qug mightme m kms pgrsjems lmyjrgs.

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Dgsmiìj ?40 Jtjrnmr km lís mktm prajradmd m kms pgrsjems lmyjrgs ge kjs pkmegs dg prgvgehaøe, latanmhaøe y mtgehaøe dg dgsmstrgs, aehkuadms km prgpmrmhaøe pmrm kjs dgsmstrgs, km hmpmhatmhaøe dg trmom`mdjrgs ge km prgvgehaøe y mtgehaøe dg satumhajegs dg glgrngeham y km daspjeaoakadmd dg oagegs y sgrvahajs.

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Dgsmiìj ?>0 Aehjrpjrmr m kms pgrsjems lmyjrgs hjlj ijhj prajratmraj dg kms pjkìtahms pðokahms y hjlj mhtjrgs iuedmlgetmkgs ge km ijrlukmhaøe g alpkglgetmhaøe dg kms pjkìtahms jragetmdms mk lg`jrmlagetj dg km hmkadmd dg vadm dg kms pgrsjems lmyjrgs.

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Dgsmiìj ?20 Ijlgetmr pjkìtahms dg vadm mhtavm, prjduhtavm y dg mbjrrj qug pgrlatm m kmrnj pkmzj vavar gk gevg`ghalagetj danemlgetg.

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Dgsmiìj 860 Vrjljvgr gk dgsmrrjkkj dg prgstmhajegs y sgrvahajs ge sgnuradmd sjhamk, smkud y gduhmhaøe ge kjs sastglms dg prjtghhaøe sjhamk dgstaemdjs m kms pgrsjems lmyjrgs qug mvmehge ge hmkadmd dg vadm, sgnuradmd ghjeølahm y ùstaham sjhamk.

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Dgsmiìj 8=0 Aehkuar gk huadmdj ge kjs sastglms dg prjtghhaøe sjhamk, lgdametg prgstmhajegs, sgrvahajs sjhaj-smeatmrajs y ogegiahajs ghjeølahjs qug lmxalahge km mutjejlìm, ge pmrtahukmr dg kms pgrsjems lmyjrgs, y nmrmetahge kjs dgrghbjs, km daneadmd y gk oagegstmr dg kms imlakams y kms pgrsjems lmyjrgs, aehkuygedj gk dgrghbj m uem lugrtg danem y oage mtgedadm, sae eaenðe tapj dg dashralaemhaøe ea vajkgeham.

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Dgsmiìj 8?0 Mlpkamr kjs sastglms dg prjtghhaøe y sgnuradmd sjhamk, hje pgrspghtavm dg náegrj, aehjrpjrmedj m kms lu`grgs qug bme dgdahmdj sus vadms mk trmom`j prjduhtavj, trmom`mdjrms djlástahms, lu`grgs rurmkgs y trmom`mdjrms aeijrlmkgs.

Lgtm Vrajratmram D. Mhhgsj ueavgrsmk m kjs sgrvahajs dg smkud sgxumk y smkud rgprjduhtavm. •

Dgsmiìj 880 Vrjljvgr, prjtgngr y nmrmetazmr km smkud y kjs dgrghbjs sgxumkgs y kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs pmrm hjetraouar m km pkgem rgmkazmhaøe dg kms pgrsjems y m km ùstaham sjhamk ge uem sjhagdmd kaorg dg tjdm ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe y vajkgeham.

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Dgsmiìj 840 Vrjljvgr pjkìtahms qug hjetraouyme m msgnurmr qug kms pgrsjems g`grzme sus dgrghbjs sgxumkgs, qug momrhme gk dgrghbj m uem sgxumkadmd pkgem ge hjedahajegs sgnurms, msì hjlj gk dgrghbj m tjlmr dghasajegs kaorgs, aeijrlmdms, vjkuetmrams y rgspjesmokgs sjorg su sgxumkadmd, hje rgspgtj dg su jragetmhaøe sgxumk g adgetadmd dg náegrj, sae hjgrhaøe, dashralaemhaøe ea vajkgeham, y nmrmetazmr gk dgrghbj m km aeijrlmhaøe y m kjs lgdajs eghgsmrajs pmrm su smkud sgxumk y smkud rgprjduhtavm.

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Dgsmiìj 870 _gvasmr km kgnaskmhaøe, kms ejrlms y príhtahms qug rgstraenge gk mhhgsj m kjs sgrvahajs dg smkud sgxumk y smkud rgprjduhtavm, aehkuadm km prjvasaøe dg sgrvahajs aetgnrmkgs mlanmokgs ge gk hmsj dg mdjkgshgetgs y `øvgegs, y msgnurmr gk mhhgsj m km aeijrlmhaøe hjlpkgtm sjorg tjdms kms jphajegs dg sgrvahajs daspjeaokgs pmrm tjdms kms pgrsjems sae dashralaemhaøe dg eaenðe tapj, pmrm msgnurmr qug sg hulpkme ge eugstrm rgnaøe kjs lís mktjs gstíedmrgs aetgremhajemkgs dg prjtghhaøe m kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y kaogrtmdgs iuedmlgetmkgs.

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Dgsmiìj 890 Dgsmrrjkkmr pjkìtahms y prjnrmlms tgedagetgs m grrmdahmr km dashralaemhaøe omsmdm ge km jragetmhaøe sgxumk y km adgetadmd dg náegrj ge gk g`grhahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs sgxumkgs y su lmeaigstmhaøe.

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Dgsmiìj 8>0 Nmrmetazmr gk mhhgsj ueavgrsmk m sgrvahajs dg smkud sgxumk y smkud rgprjduhtavm dg hmkadmd, tjlmedj ge hjesadgrmhaøe kms eghgsadmdgs gspghìiahms dg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, mdjkgshgetgs y `øvgegs, pgrsjems KNTO, pgrsjems lmyjrgs y pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd, >7

prgstmedj pmrtahukmr mtgehaøe m pgrsjems ge hjedahaøe dg vukegrmoakadmd y pgrsjems qug vavge ge zjems rurmkgs y rgljtms y prjljvagedj km pmrtahapmhaøe haudmdmem ge gk sgnualagetj dg kjs hjlprjlasjs. •

Dgsmiìj 820 Vrjljvgr km prgvgehaøe y km dgtghhaøe jpjrtuem y nmrmetazmr gk mhhgsj ueavgrsmk mk trmtmlagetj aetgnrmk dgk YAB/XADM y dg kms aeighhajegs dg trmeslasaøe sgxumk, y gkalaemr gk gstanlm y km dashralaemhaøe dg qug sugkge sgr vìhtalms kms pgrsjems qug vavge hje gk varus.

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Dgsmiìj 810 Ijrtmkghgr kms lgdadms dg dgtghhaøe dgk YAB/XADM y jtrms aeighhajegs dg trmeslasaøe sgxumk ge lu`grgs glomrmzmdms, y dg prgvgehaøe dg km trmeslasaøe vgrtahmk dgk varus.

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Dgsmiìj 460 Gkalaemr kms hmusms prgvgeaokgs dg ljroakadmd y ljrtmkadmd lmtgrem, aehjrpjrmedj ge gk hjeùetj dg prgstmhajegs aetgnrmkgs dg kjs sgrvahajs dg smkud sgxumk y smkud rgprjduhtavm lgdadms pmrm prgvgear y gvatmr gk mojrtj aesgnurj, qug aehkuyme km gduhmhaøe ge smkud sgxumk y smkud rgprjduhtavm, gk mhhgsj m látjdjs metahjehgptavjs ljdgrejs y giahmhgs y gk msgsjrmlagetj y mtgehaøe aetgnrmk irgetg mk glomrmzj ej dgsgmdj y ej mhgptmdj y, msalaslj, km mtgehaøe aetgnrmk dgspuás dgk mojrtj, humedj sg rgquagrm, sjorg km omsg dg km gstrmtgnam dg rgduhhaøe dg ragsnj y dmýjs.

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Dgsmiìj 4=0 Vrjljvgr prjnrmlms dg prgvgehaøe y dg mutjhuadmdj ge smkud sgxumk y smkud rgprjduhtavm dg kjs bjlorgs.

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Dgsmiìj 4?0 Msgnurmr, ge kjs hmsjs ge qug gk mojrtj gs kgnmk j gstí dgspgemkazmdj ge km kgnaskmhaøe emhajemk, km gxastgeham dg sgrvahajs dg mojrtj sgnurjs y dg hmkadmd pmrm kms lu`grgs qug hursme glomrmzjs ej dgsgmdjs y ej mhgptmdjs g aestmr m kjs Gstmdjs m hjesadgrmr km pjsaoakadmd dg ljdaiahmr kms kgygs, ejrlmtavms, gstrmtgnams y pjkìtahms pðokahms sjorg km aetgrruphaøe vjkuetmram dgk glomrmzj pmrm smkvmnumrdmr km vadm y km smkud dg lu`grgs y mdjkgshgetgs, lg`jrmedj su hmkadmd dg vadm y daslaeuygedj gk eðlgrj dg mojrtjs.

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Dgsmiìj 480 Msgnurmr gk mhhgsj gightavj dg tjdms kms lu`grgs m km mtgehaøe aetgnrmk ge smkud ge gk prjhgsj rgprjduhtavj, gspghìiahmlgetg m mtgehaøe jostátrahm bulmeazmdm, hmkaiahmdm, aestatuhajemk y dg hmkadmd, y m sgrvahajs øptaljs dg smkud dg km lu`gr durmetg gk glomrmzj, pmrtj y pugrpgraj, >9

msì hjlj m sgrvahajs qug aetgnrge km aetgrruphaøe dgk glomrmzj ge kjs hmsjs prgvastjs pjr km kgy y nmrmetazmr gk mhhgsj ueavgrsmk m táheahms dg igrtakazmhaøe msastadm. •

Dgsmiìj 440 Nmrmetazmr gk mhhgsj gightavj m uem mlpkam nmlm dg látjdjs metahjehgptavjs ljdgrejs, omsmdjs ge gvadgeham hagetìiahm hje pgrtaegeham hukturmk, aehkuygedj km metahjehgphaøe jrmk dg glgrngeham.

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Dgsmiìj 470 Ijrlukmr pkmegs pmrm ijrtmkghgr kjs lghmeasljs dg dgtghhaøe dg mktgrmhajegs dgk glomrmzj, aehkuadm km prghjehgphaøe, gkgvmr km hmkadmd dg mtgehaøe prgemtmk hje geijqug aetgrhukturmk, nmrmetazmr km prjvasaøe dg smenrg sgnurm pmrm km mtgehaøe dgk glomrmzj, pmrtj y pugrpgraj, y lg`jrmr km mtgehaøe bulmeazmdm dgk pmrtj y gk emhalagetj y kjs huadmdjs pgraemtmkgs aetgnrmkgs, tgeagedj ge hugetm kms eghgsadmdgs dg kms lu`grgs, kjs eaýjs, kms eaýms y kms imlakams.

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Dgsmiìj 490 Nmrmetazmr uem djtmhaøe suiahagetg dg rghursjs iaemehagrjs, bulmejs y tghejkønahjs pmrm oraedmr ue mhhgsj ueavgrsmk m km smkud sgxumk y km smkud rgprjduhtavm dg tjdjs y tjdms, aehkuadjs kjs bjlorgs, kms lu`grgs, kjs y kms mdjkgshgetgs, kjs mduktjs lmyjrgs y kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd, sae dashralaemhaøe mknuem.

Lgtm prajratmram G. Anumkdmd dg Náegrj. •

Dgsmiìj 4>0 Hulpkar hje gk hjlprjlasj dg ijrtmkghgr kjs lghmeasljs aestatuhajemkgs pmrm km hjestruhhaøe dg pjkìtahms dg dgsmrrjkkj hje anumkdmd qug nmrmetahge km mutjejlìm dg kms lu`grgs y km anumkdmd dg náegrj, djtíedjkjs dg mutjejlìm y rghursjs bulmejs y iaemehagrjs qug kgs pgrlatme aehadar ge ijrlm trmesvgrsmk ge km gstruhturm dgk Gstmdj, rghjejhagedj gk pmpgk gstrmtánahj qug dgsglpgýme y gkgvíedjkjs mk lís mktj eavgk.

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Dgsmiìj 760 Hulpkar hje gk hjlprjlasj dg prjljvgr y msgnurmr km mpkahmhaøe dg km pgrspghtavm dg náegrj y su aetgrsghhaøe hje km rmzm, km gteam, km gdmd, km hkmsg sjhamk y km hjedahaøe dg dashmpmhadmd ge tjdms kms pjkìtahms pðokahms, gspghamklgetg mqugkkms dg jrdge ghjeølahj y hukturmk, y km mrtahukmhaøe getrg kjs pjdgrgs dgk Gstmdj y kjs mhtjrgs sjhamkgs, jrnmeazmhajegs dg lu`grgs mirjdgshgedagetgs, aedìngems y `øvgegs pmrm nmrmetazmr km anumkdmd dg náegrj. >>

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Dgsmiìj 7=0 Vrjljvgr km pmradmd y jtrjs lghmeasljs qug nmrmetahge gk mhhgsj mk pjdgr ge kjs sastglms gkghtjrmkgs, hjlj uem hjedahaøe dgtgrlaemetg dg km dgljhrmham y uem lgtm pmrm grrmdahmr km gxhkusaøe gstruhturmk dg kms lu`grgs ge km sjhagdmd, qug mightm sjorg tjdj m mqugkkms ge hjedahaøe dg vukegrmoakadmd, m trmvás dg km hmpmhatmhaøe m lu`grgs kìdgrgs.

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Dgsmiìj 7?0 Mdjptmr lgdadms kgnaskmtavms y rgijrlms aestatuhajemkgs pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr gk mhjsj pjkìtahj y mdlaeastrmtavj hjetrm kms lu`grgs qug mhhgdge m pugstjs dg dghasaøe pjr vìm gkghtjrmk j pjr dgsanemhaøe, tmetj ge gk eavgk emhajemk hjlj kjhmk, msì hjlj ge kjs pmrtadjs y ljvalagetjs pjkìtahjs.

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Dgsmiìj 780 Dgsmrrjkkmr y ijrtmkghgr kms pjkìtahms y sgrvahajs ueavgrsmkgs dg huadmdj qug gstáe omsmdjs ge kjs gstíedmrgs lís mktjs dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs, hje pgrspghtavm dg anumkdmd dg náegrj y ngegrmhajemk, qug prjlugvme km prgstmhaøe hjlpmrtadm getrg gk Gstmdj, gk sghtjr pravmdj, km sjhagdmd havak, kms imlakams y kjs bjnmrgs, msì hjlj getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, y qug imhakatge gk daíkjnj y km hjjrdaemhaøe getrg tjdms kms pmrtgs aevjkuhrmdms.

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Dgsmiìj 740 Alpuksmr kgygs y dgsmrrjkkmr y ijrtmkghgr pjkìtahms pðokahms dg anumkdmd kmojrmk qug gkalaege km dashralaemhaøe y kms msalgtrìms dg náegrj ge lmtgram dg mhhgsj m glpkgjs dghgetgs y pgrlmegeham ge gkkjs, rgluegrmhajegs y tjlm dg dghasajegs ge gk íloatj kmojrmk, y qug rghjejzhme gk vmkjr prjduhtavj dgk trmom`j djlástahj ej rgluegrmdj y dg huadmdj.

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Dgsmiìj 790 Gstmokghgr lghmeasljs dg prgvgehaøe, prgsgetmhaøe dg qug`ms y smehaøe dg kms príhtahms dg bjstanmlagetj y mhjsj sgxumk y kmojrmk, msì hjlj jtrms ijrlms dg msgdaj y vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y kjs bjlorgs, gspghamklgetg ge gk gspmhaj kmojrmk y gduhmtavj.

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Dgsmiìj 7>0 Bmhgr gightavms kms pjkìtahms mdjptmdms y mdjptmr lgdadms prgvgetavms, pgemkgs, dg prjtghhaøe y mtgehaøe qug hjetraouyme m km grrmdahmhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham y gstanlmtazmhaøe hjetrm kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms ge kjs gspmhajs pðokahjs y pravmdjs, ge pmrtahukmr kjs msgsaemtjs vajkgetjs dg eaýms y lu`grgs pjr ljtavjs dg náegrj, msgnurmedj gk mhhgsj gightavj y ueavgrsmk m kjs sgrvahajs iuedmlgetmkgs pmrm tjdms kms vìhtalms y sjorgvavagetgs dg km vajkgeham omsmdm ge náegrj y prgstmedj gspghamk mtgehaøe m kms lu`grgs ge satumhajegs dg lmyjr ragsnj, >2

hjlj kms lu`grgs lmyjrgs, glomrmzmdms, hje dashmpmhadmd, nrupjs hukturmklgetg davgrsjs, trmom`mdjrms sgxumkgs, lu`grgs qug vavge hje YAB/XADM, kgsoamems, oasgxumkgs, trmesgxumkgs, mirjdgshgedagetgs, aedìngems, lanrmetgs, dg kms zjems dg irjetgrm, sjkahatmetgs dg rgiunaj y vìhtalms dg trmtm, getrg jtrms. •

Dgsmiìj 720 _gmiarlmr gk hjlprjlasj y km vjkuetmd pjkìtahm dg Mlárahm Kmtaem y gk Hmraog, mk lís mktj eavgk, dg hjlomtar y gkalaemr tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe y vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, aehkuadm km vajkgeham aetrmimlakamr, gk iglahadaj/iglaeahadaj y prjljvgr mhtavmlgetg km sgesaoakazmhaøe sjorg km alpkglgetmhaøe dg km pgrspghtavm dg náegrj getrg kjs mpkahmdjrgs dg ùstaham.

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Dgsmiìj 71. Aehrglgetmr gk mhhgsj dg kjs bjlorgs, aehkuadjs eaýjs, mdjkgshgetgs y `øvgegs, m km aeijrlmhaøe, km hjesg`grìm y kjs sgrvahajs dg smkud sgxumk y smkud rgprjduhtavm y prjljvgr km pmrtahapmhaøe anumkatmram dg kjs bjlorgs ge gk trmom`j dg huadmdjs, m trmvás dg prjnrmlms qug sgesaoakahge m kjs bjlorgs rgspghtj m km anumkdmd dg náegrj, ijlgetmedj km hjestruhhaøe dg eugvms lmshukaeadmdgs.

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Dgsmiìj 980 Ijrtmkghgr km hmpmhadmd dg kjs pmìsgs pmrm gkmojrmr y daiuedar gstmdìstahms dg náegrj eghgsmrams pmrm km ijrlukmhaøe dg pjkìtahms pðokahms dg anumkdmd dg náegrj y glpjdgrmlagetj dg kms lu`grgs.

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Dgsmiìj 970 Vjegr ge lmrhbm, hje gk mpjyj dg tjdms kms tghejkjnìms daspjeaokgs, sgrvahajs, prjnrmlms y rgspugstms luktasghtjramkgs aetgnrmkgs g aetgnrmdjs, hjjrdaemdjs, aetgrdashapkaemrajs, mhhgsaokgs y sjstgeaokgs ge tjdjs kjs eavgkgs, dgstaemdjs m kms lu`grgs, qug aehkuyme km mtgehaøe gspghamkazmdm y hjeiadgehamk dg kjs hmsjs dg vajkgeham, qug hugetge hje rghursjs mdghumdjs y qug rgðeme aestmehams tmkgs hjlj pjkahìm, sghtjr ùstaham, mtgehaøe ge smkud aetgnrmk, aehkuadm km smkud sgxumk y km smkud rgprjduhtavm, kjs sgrvahajs ládahjs y psahjkønahjs y msgsjrmlagetj, msì hjlj jphajegs dg ijrlmhaøe y ngegrmhaøe dg aenrgsjs, pmrm prjljvgr km mutjejlìm dg kms lu`grgs ge tjdms sus dalgesajegs.

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Lgtm prajratmram I. Km lanrmhaøe aetgremhajemk y km prjtghhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg tjdms kms pgrsjems lanrmetgs. •

Dgsmiìj 9>0 Oraedmr msastgeham y prjtghhaøe m kms pgrsjems lanrmetgs, aedgpgedagetglgetg dg su hjedahaøe lanrmtjram, gspghamklgetg m mqugkkjs nrupjs ge hjedahaøe dg vukegrmoakadmd, rgspgtmedj hmomklgetg sus dgrghbjs y dg mhugrdj hje km Hjevgehaøe aetgremhajemk sjorg km prjtghhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs dg tjdjs kjs trmom`mdjrgs lanrmtjrajs y dg sus imlakamrgs y kms daspjsahajegs dg km Hjevgehaøe dg Yagem sjorg _gkmhajegs Hjesukmrgs, dgstmhmedj km eghgsadmd dg oraedmrkgs uem mtgehaøe aetgnrmk ge mqugkkjs pmìsgs dg tríesatj y dgstaej

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Dgsmiìj 920 Gkmojrmr gstrmtgnams aetgnrmkgs nkjomkgs y rgnajemkgs pmrm grrmdahmr km vukegrmhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms pgrsjems lanrmetgs, msì hjlj mprjvghbmr kjs ogegiahajs y geirgetmr kjs dgsmiìjs qug pkmetgm km lanrmhaøe, getrg gkkjs, mqugkkjs dgravmdjs dg kms rglgsms y dg km lanrmhaøe hmkaiahmdm ge sghtjrgs dg mktm dglmedm, msì hjlj km pmrtahapmhaøe daigrgehamdm dg bjlorgs y lu`grgs y km trmesemhajemkazmhaøe dgk huadmdj.

Lgtm prajratmram N. Dgsanumkdmd tgrratjramk, ljvakadmd gspmhamk y vukegrmoakadmd. •

Dgsmiìj >90 Hjestruar tgrratjrajs lís mrtahukmdjs, aetgnrmdjs y hjbgsajemdjs, lgdametg gk dasgýj y g`ghuhaøe dg pkmegs, pjkìtahms g aestrulgetjs dg ngstaøe tgrratjramk y uromem ngstmdjs dg lmegrm pmrtahapmtavm, hje uem vasaøe hgetrmdm ge kms pgrsjems, dgetrj dgk lmrhj dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y hje pgrspghtavm dg náegrj y ue geijqug dg sjstgeaoakadmd y ngstaøe dgk ragsnj mloagetmk.

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Dgsmiìj >>0 Vrjljvgr gk dgsmrrjkkj y gk oagegstmr dg kms pgrsjems dg tjdjs kjs tgrratjrajs, sae eaenðe tapj dg dashralaemhaøe, aehkuadj gk pkgej mhhgsj m sgrvahajs sjhamkgs oísahjs, y km anumkmhaøe dg kms jpjrtueadmdgs dgetrj dg kms haudmdgs, getrg zjems uromems y rurmkgs, getrg haudmdgs pgqugýms, aetgrlgdams y nrmedgs y getrg pjokmhaøe daspgrsm y km qug bmoatm ge pgqugýjs msgetmlagetjs rurmkgs.

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Dgsmiìj >20 Mlpkamr y pgrighhajemr kjs prjhgsjs dg dgshgetrmkazmhaøe, dgshjehgetrmhaøe y pkmeaiahmhaøe pmrtahapmtavm ge kjs íloatjs suo-emhajemkgs y kjhmkgs, imvjrghagedj km daspjeaoakadmd, mhhgsaoakadmd y hmkadmd dg kjs sgrvahajs oísahjs, gduhmhaøe y smkud, aehkuadm km smkud sgxumk y km smkud rgprjduhtavm y km prgvgehaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms eaýms, mdjkgshgetgs y lu`grgs.

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Dgsmiìj >10 Dgsmrrjkkmr prjnrmlms qug imvjrgzhme km hjevavgeham, km gduhmhaøe pgrlmegetg, gk jhaj hrgmtavj, km smkud lgetmk y km sgnuradmd haudmdmem dg km pjokmhaøe ge sus tgrratjrajs pmrm prgvgear kjs mhtumkgs prjokglms sjhamkgs msjhamdjs getrg jtrjs, m km pjorgzm, km gxhkusaøe sjhamk, gk hjesulj mousavj y gk tríiahj dg drjnms y km vajkgeham dg náegrj.

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Dgsmiìj 2=0 Vkmeaiahmr y jrdgemr gk dgsmrrjkkj tgrratjramk y uromej, hje pgrspghtavm dg dgrghbjs bulmejs y dg náegrj, ijrlukmedj pjkìtahms dg ljvakadmd, msgetmlagetj dg km pjokmhaøe y kjhmkazmhaøe dg mhtavadmdgs qug hjesadgrge getrg sus jo`gtavjs gvatmr gk usj dg zjems vukegrmokgs y prjtgnadms, y prgvgear y latanmr gk alpmhtj dg kjs dgsmstrgs sjhajmloagetmkgs y hjlomtar km vukegrmoakadmd mloagetmk dg kms pgrsjems y hjlueadmdgs dg nrupjs áteahjs y rmhamkgs dashralaemdjs, msì hjlj km latanmhaøe y mdmptmhaøe m kjs gightjs dgk hmloaj hkalítahj.

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Dgsmiìj 2?0 Ijrlukmr g alpkglgetmr gstrmtgnams y pjkìtahms qug dge rgspugstms aetgnrmkgs m satumhajegs dg vukegrmoakadmd m dgsmstrgs emturmkgs, hje ue geijqug luktadalgesajemk dg prjtghhaøe metgs, durmetg y dgspuás dg kjs gvgetjs.

Lgtm prajratmram B. Vugokjs aedìngems0 aetgrhukturmkadmd y dgrghbjs. •

Dgsmiìj 2>0 Nmrmetazmr gk dgrghbj m km smkud dg kjs pugokjs aedìngems, aehkuadjs kjs dgrghbjs sgxumkgs y dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs, msì hjlj gk dgrghbj m sus prjpams lgdahaems trmdahajemkgs y sus príhtahms dg smkud, sjorg tjdj ge kj qug sg rgiagrg m km rgduhhaøe dg km ljrtmkadmd lmtgrem g aeimetak, hjesadgrmedj sus gspghaiahadmdgs sjhaj-tgrratjramkgs y hukturmkgs, msì hjlj kjs imhtjrgs gstruhturmkgs qug daiahuktme gk g`grhahaj dg gstg dgrghbj.

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Dgsmiìj 210 Mdjptmr kms lgdadms eghgsmrams, ge hjeùetj hje kjs pugokjs aedìngems, pmrm nmrmetazmr qug lu`grgs, eaýjs, eaýms y mdjkgshgetgs y `øvgegs aedìngems njhge dg prjtghhaøe y nmrmetìms pkgems hjetrm tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham y dashralaemhaøe, y tjlmr lgdadms pmrm msgnurmr km rgstatuhaøe dg dgrghbjs.

Lgtm prajratmram A. Mirjdgshgedagetgs0 dgrghbjs y hjlomtg mk rmhaslj y km dashralaemhaøe rmhamk. •

Dgsmiìj 1?0 _gspgtmr y mpkahmr kms daspjsahajegs dg km Dghkmrmhaøe y gk Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg Durome mprjomdjs pjr km Hjeigrgeham Luedamk hjetrm gk _mhaslj, km Dashralaemhaøe _mhamk, km Rgejijoam y kms Ijrlms Hjegxms dg Aetjkgrmeham, mdmptmedj kjs lmrhjs ùrìdahjs y ijrlukmedj kms pjkìtahms eghgsmrams pmrm su alpkglgetmhaøe, hje km pkgem pmrtahapmhaøe dg kms pgrsjems

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mirjdgshgedagetgs3 Dgsmiìj 180 Mojrdmr kms dgsanumkdmdgs dg náegrj, rmzm, gteam y ngegrmhajemkgs, tgeagedj ge hugetm kms aetgrsghhajegs dg gstms dalgesajegs ge kms satumhajegs dg dashralaemhaøe qug suirge kms lu`grgs y gspghamklgetg, kms `øvgegs mirjdgshgedagetgs.

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Dgsmiìj 140 Hjesadgrmr kms daeílahms dgljnríiahms y sjhajhukturmkgs pmrtahukmrgs dg kms pjokmhajegs mirjdgshgedagetgs ge gk dasgýj y km mpkahmhaøe dg kms pjkìtahms pðokahms, nmrmetazmedj su pkgem pmrtahapmhaøe, y gk dgsmrrjkkj dg gstmdìstahms dgsmnrgnmdms.

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Dgsmiìj 170 Nmrmetazmr gk g`grhahaj dgk dgrghbj m km smkud dg kms pgrsjems mirjdgshgedagetgs, ge pmrtahukmr km smkud sgxumk y km smkud rgprjduhtavm dg kms eaýms, mdjkgshgetgs y lu`grgs mirjdgshgedagetgs, tjlmedj ge hugetm sus gspghaiahadmdgs sjhaj-tgrratjramkgs y hukturmkgs, msì hjlj kjs imhtjrgs gstruhturmkgs, hjlj gk rmhaslj, qug daiahuktme gk g`grhahaj dg sus dgrghbjs. •

Dgsmiìj 1>0 Nmrmetazmr kms pjkìtahms y prjnrmlms pmrm km gkgvmhaøe dg kms hjedahajegs dg vadm dg kms lu`grgs mirjdgshgedagetgs msgnurmedj pkgemlgetg sus dgrghbjs, ge pmrtahukmr kjs dgrghbjs sgxumkgs y kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs.

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Dgsmiìj 120 Ngegrmr hjejhalagetj g aeijrlmhaøe hjeiamokg y jpjrtuem hje pgrspghtavm dg náegrj y dgsmnrgnmdj pjr sgxj, gdmd y hjedahaøe sjhajghjeølahm, getrg jtrms vmramokgs, sjorg kms pjokmhajegs mirjdgshgedagetgs, m trmvás dg prjhgsjs pmrtahapmtavjs, mtgedagedj kjs rgqugralagetjs y kms rghjlgedmhajegs aetgremhajemkgs rgkmtavms mk msuetj.

?.7.8 Gspghìiahms m Vmrmnumy rgigradms m dashralaemhaøe y vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y eaýms jrdgemdms hrjejkønahmlgetg dgsdg =117 m ?6=>.

Ge gstg mpmrtmdj, sg prgsgetme tjdms kms rghjlgedmhajegs gspghìiahms qug iugrje rgmkazmdms ge kjs dastaetjs ørnmejs dg trmtmdj qug tagege rgkgvmeham pmrm gk meíkasas dgk mkhmehg dg hjevgehajemkadmd dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9, bmhagedj dastaehaøe sa sg trmtme dgk Xastglm Weavgrsmk dgk Vrjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. M kjs gightjs dg pjdgr mprghamr km gvjkuhaøe dg kms rghjlgedmhajegs y km aeikugeham qug aetgrrgkmhajem m mlojs sastglms, sg bme jrdgemdj pjr jrdge hrjejkønahj. Ge tjdjs kjs hmsjs, kjs tgxtjs iugrje trmeshraptjs dg km vgrsaøe jiahamk ge adajlm hmstgkkmej qug sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge kms pínaems wgo jiahamkgs dg hmdm ørnmej dg trmtmdj. ?.7.8.= Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, mýj =117.

Gk Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Emhajegs Weadms, sgýmkø0 •

_ghjlagedm qug sg rgvasge tjdms kms kgygs emhajemkgs sjorg km lu`gr hje larms m ljdgreazmr kms ejrlms kgnmkgs metahumdms mhtumklgetg ge vanjr pmrm pjegrkms ge mrljeìm hje kms daspjsahajegs pgrtaegetgs dgk Vmhtj. Gk Hjlatá rghjlagedm ge pmrtahukmr qug sg rgvasge kms kgygs qug dgiaege kms aeirmhhajegs pgemkgs hjlgtadms hjetrm km lu`gr, y tjdms kms daspjsahajegs dg trmom`j qug

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dashralaeme hjetrm km lu`gr, y qug mdjptg kms lgdadms eghgsmrams pmrm gkalaemr kms mhtatudgs trmdahajemkgs rgkmtavms mk pmpgk dg km lu`gr ge km sjhagdmd71. •

_ghjlagedm tmloaáe qug sg gstalukg km pmrtahapmhaøe pjkìtahm dg km lu`gr ge km vadm pðokahm, pmrtahukmrlgetg km vadm pjkìtahm, qug sanug sagedj gshmsm m pgsmr dg kjs mvmehgs ùrìdahjs qug bme rgduhadj kms rgstrahhajegs gxastgetgs ge gstm gsigrm.

?.7.8.? Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr, mýj =119.

Gk Hjlatá HGDM^, ge su pralgrm rghjlgedmhaøe mk Gstmdj Vmrmnumyj, sgýmkø0 •

Wrng mk Gstmdj pmrtg m hjetaeumr kms aeahamtavms daranadms m mhtumkazmr y hjlpmtaoakazmr km kgnaskmhaøe emhajemk hje gk praehapaj hjestatuhajemk dg anumkdmd y kjs mrtìhukjs dg km Hjevgehaøe. Ge gstg sgetadj rghjlgedø gspghamkgs gsiugrzjs ge km rgvasaøe dgk Hødanj Vgemk y kgygs hjegxms, m km kuz dg km rghjlgedmhaøe ngegrmk =1 sjorg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr Djhulgetjs Jiahamkgs dg km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk, humdrmnásalj sáptalj pgrìjdj dg sgsajegs, Xupkglgetj Ej. 82 (M/4>/82), hmp. A96.

?.7.8.8 Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs, mýj =119. •

_ghjlagedm qug gk Njoagrej dgk Vmrmnumy prjsanm su pjkìtahm gehmlaemdm m kjnrmr uem vgrdmdgrm anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs y m gkalaemr kms daspjsahajegs dashralaemtjrams qug tjdmvìm gxastge ge km kgnaskmhaøe havak, pgemk, lgrhmetak y kmojrmk, msì hjlj ge gk dgrghbj dg imlakam.

•

]ug sg mdjptge msalaslj kms lgdadms kgnmkgs mdghumdms ge rgkmhaøe hje kjs dgkatjs vajkgetjs hjetrm kms lu`grgs y kjs eaýjs dgetrj y iugrm dg km imlakam 9=.

71

Vmrm gk tgxtj hjlpkgtj dg km s _ghjlgedmhajegs, vámsg bttp0//www.bhbr.jrn.py/djhs/puokahmhajegs/6?7%?6Dgrghbjs%?6Bulmejs%?6dg%?6kms%?6Lu`grgs.pdi pín. 2 96 Aoadgl 9=

Aoadgl

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?.7.8.4 Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, mýj ?66=.

Ge jhmsaøe dgk Tgrhgr aeijrlg sjorg km satumhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge Vmrmnumy9?, gk aeijrlg0 •

_gatgrm qug km prjljhaøe y prjtghhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs dg km lu`gr gstíe luy rgkmhajemdms hje gk tglm dg km dashralaemhaøe dg km lu`gr ge gk dasirutg dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs. Lagetrms suosastm km dashralaemhaøe pjr náegrj, kms lu`grgs ej pjdríe njzmr pkgemlgetg dg sus dgrghbjs bulmejs. Vjr gstm rmzøe, km kgnaskmhaøe aetgremhajemk omsm km prjtghhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs dg km lu`gr iuedmlgetmklgetg ge gk praehapaj dg ej-dashralaemhaøe y ge gk praehapaj dg km anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs.

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M pgsmr dg qug Vmrmnumy bm rgmkazmdj nrmedgs mvmehgs dgsdg gk puetj dg vastm kgnaskmtavj pmrm prjtgngr kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg km lu`gr, suosastge tjdmvìm tmetj ge gk lmrhj kgnmk, pgrj sjorg tjdj ge km príhtahm, eulgrjsms satumhajegs dg dashralaemhaøe. Ge gk prgsgetg hmpìtukj km Hjlasaøe memkazm km gstruhturm kgnmk, tmetj emhajemk hjlj aetgremhajemk qug vaehukm mk Gstmdj pmrmnumyj, msì hjlj kjs mvmehgs kjnrmdjs pjr Vmrmnumy ge gstg tglm. Xg memkazme tmloaáe kjs prjokglms rgkmhajemdjs hje kms vajkmhajegs dgk praehapaj dg ej-dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr, gspghìiahmlgetg ge lmtgram dg vajkgeham, trmom`j, smkud, gduhmhaøe y hírhgkgs.

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Xgýmkm qug, ge humetj m km prjtghhaøe dg km lu`gr hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm, gs alpjrtmetg dgstmhmr kj lgehajemdj ge gk mrtìhukj 96 dg km Hjestatuhaøe, ge gk humk gk Gstmdj msulg km jokanmhaøe dg prjljvgr pjkìtahms qug tgenme pjr jo`gtj gvatmr km vajkgeham ge gk íloatj imlakamr.

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M pgsmr dgk nrme mvmehg kgnaskmtavj qug mhmom dg memkazmrsg, mknuems ejrlms tjdmvìm ej rgspjedge pkgemlgetg mk praehapaj dg anumkdmd, j ej sje mhjrdgs m km pgrspghtavm dg náegrj glmemdm dg kjs trmtmdjs aetgremhajemkgs dg prjtghhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs dg km lu`gr. G`glpkj dg kj pralgrj sje kms ejrlms kmojrmkgs qug gxtagedge kjs ogegiahajs dg km sgnuradmd sjhamk m kms gspjsms j hjehuoaems

9?

Vmrm gk aeijrlg hjlpkgtj dg rghjlgedmhajegs m Vmrmnumy, vámsg

bttp0//www.hadb.jrn/_gspugstms/Vmrmnumy.68.btl

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dgk trmom`mdjr, pgrj ej pmrm kjs gspjsjs j hjehuoaejs dg kms trmom`mdjrms. G`glpkj dg kj sgnuedj gs km ejrlm dgk hødanj pgemk qug hmkaiahm km vajkgeham djlástahm hjlj dgkatj, pgrj alpjeg uem pgem dg luktm. •

Vgrsastge ge Vmrmnumy satumhajegs dg vajkgeham ge hjetrm dg km lu`gr. Kms djs hkmsgs dg vajkgeham lís hjluegs hjetrm km lu`gr sje km vajkgeham sgxumk y km vajkgeham djlástahm. Mue humedj tmkgs mspghtjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr ej sgme hjlgtadjs pjr mngetgs gstmtmkgs, su jhurrgeham pugdg ngegrmr rgspjesmoakadmd dgk Gstmdj humedj ástg ej aestrulgetm lgdadms rmzjemokgs dg prgvgehaøe, ej aevgstanm dgoadmlgetg kjs bghbjs dg vajkgeham j ej hmstanm m kjs rgspjesmokgs.

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Mk rgspghtj sg bm sgýmkmdj qug uejs haehj lak hmsjs dg vajkgeham jhurrge sae sgr aeijrlmdjs hmdm mýj y qug hgrhm dgk ?7% dg tjdjs kjs hrìlgegs vajkgetjs jhurrge ge gk bjnmr y tagege hjlj vìhtalms praehapmkgs m kms lu`grgs. Gk laslj aeijrlg sgýmkm qug sa sg hjesadgrme sjkmlgetg kjs hmsjs dg vajkgeham sgxumk y djlástahm dgeuehamdjs getrg gegrj y sgptaglorg dg =111 (msgsaemtjs g aetgetjs dg msgsaemtj, vajkmhajegs, aetgetjs dg vajkmhaøe y mousj sgxumk, mhjsj sgxumk y lmktrmtj iìsahj) sg hjehkuyg qug kms vìhtalms sje ge ue 29% lu`grgs y ge ue 76% lgejrgs dg bmstm =2 mýjs. Kjs vahtalmrajs sje praehapmklgetg bjlorgs ge ue 18%. Gstjs dmtjs lugstrme qug km vajkgeham sgxumk y djlástahm hjetaeðm sagedj ue prjokglm nrmvg pmrm kms lu`grgs pmrmnumyms.

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Ge lmtgram dg vajkgeham sgxumk, gk Aeijrlg dg km satumhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs prgpmrmdj pjr km Hjlasaøe dg Lu`grgs dgk Vmrmnumy pmrm km Hjlasaøe, aedahm qug durmetg kjs pralgrjs lgsgs dg =111 km irghugeham dg hmsjs qug kkgnmrje m km prgesm gs dg uem vajkmhaøe hmdm ?.4 dìms. Durmetg =112 sg rgnastrø ge km prgesm uem vajkmhaøe hmdm trgs dìms. Ge gsg mýj, ge hmsa gk 86% dg kjs hmsjs dg vajkmhaøe dg lu`grgs lmyjrgs dg =2 mýjs kjs vahtalmrajs grme gk pmdrg j tutjr, pmragetgs j hjejhadjs. Getrg kms lu`grgs lgejrgs dg =2 mýjs gk 47.?% hjrrgspjedaø m gsm laslm hmtgnjrìm dg mutjrgs, y ge gk ??% dg gstjs hmsjs gk vahtalmraj iug gk pmdrg j tutjr.

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Ge gk tgrrgej kgnaskmtavj, sa oage sg bme prjduhadj mvmehgs qug ym bme qugdmdj gxpugstjs ge gstg aeijrlg, pgrsastge prjokglms ge humetj m km tapaiahmhaøe dg kjs dgkatjs sgxumkgs. Msì, hje rgspghtj mk dgkatj dg hjmhhaøe sgxumk, km kgy gstmokghg qug km pgem pjdrí sgr mtgeumdm sgnðe gk prudgetg 29

hratgraj dgk ùgz, humedj "pjr kms rgkmhajegs dg km vìhtalm hje gk mutjr, sg dagrme harhuestmehams mtgeumetgs". Gstj pugdg kkgvmr m rgijrzmr vmkjrgs dashralaemtjrajs djedg km vìhtalm tageg qug prjomr qug ej gs hukpmokg dg bmogr prjvjhmdj km hjmhhaøe sgxumk. Gstj tmloaáe alpkahm uem omrrgrm pmrm ùznmr km vajkmhaøe ge km pmrg`m. Ge gk laslj sgetadj, gk mrtìhukj =86 dgk Hødanj Vgemk smehajem gk mousj sgxumk dg pgrsjems aedgigesms hje uem pgem dg bmstm 8 mýjs y gkgvm km pgem m =6 mýjs, søkj sa sg hjlprugom hjatj, gstmokghagedj mtgeumetgs pjr rgkmhajegs dg km vìhtalm hje gk mutjr. •

Trmtíedjsg dg lmktrmtj iìsahj, km Darghhaøe Ngegrmk dg _gnastrjs dg km Vjkahìm Emhajemk aedahm qug ge kjs pralgrjs lgsgs dg =111 sg rgnastrmrje ??= hmsjs dg kgsaøe hjrpjrmk m lu`grgs pjr pmrtg dg sus pmrg`ms. Gk rgigradj aeijrlg lgehajem qug gstm hairm rgikg`m søkj pmrhamklgetg kjs hmsjs dg lmktrmtjs iìsahjs, pugs gxastge hmsjs qug ej sje dgeuehamdjs pjr lagdj m rgprgsmkams j pjr dgshjejhalagetj dg kjs dgrghbjs. Msalaslj, km Hjlasaøe rghaoaø aeijrlmhaøe qug rgikg`m qug ge Vmrmnumy ej gxastge aestatuhajegs qug dge mkogrnug m lu`grgs qug suirge vajkgeham iìsahm ge sus bjnmrgs.

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Jtrj dg kjs prjokglms nrmvgs qug sg dgtghtme ge Vmrmnumy gs gk msgsaemtj dg lu`grgs. Kms hairms aedahme qug durmetg =112 iug msgsaemdm uem lu`gr hmdm =? dìms. Ge lís dgk 28% dg kjs hmsjs gk vahtalmraj grm su pmrg`m, ue imlakamr j ue hjejhadj. Xg dgeueham tmloaáe qug km lmyjrìm dg kjs hmsjs qugdme alpuegs.

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Gs dg sulm alpjrtmeham dgstmhmr qug ej bm sadj mprjomdj gk Vrjyghtj dg Kgy sjorg km Yajkgeham Djlástahm bmham km Lu`gr, qug iug prgsgetmdj mk Hjenrgsj Emhajemk ge dahaglorg dg =112. Gk Vrjyghtj gstí sagedj gstudamdj pjr kms hjlasajegs dg Kgnaskmhaøe y Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dgk Vmrkmlgetj. Km prgjhupmhaøe pjr km imktm dg smehaøe dg gstg prjyghtj ym iug gxprgsmdm pjr km Hjlasaøe hje ljtavj dg su vasatm ae kjhj. Xae glomrnj, km Hjlasaøe dgsgm rglmrhmr qug, sa oage km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr rgspjedg m gstgrgjtapjs kmrnmlgetg mrrmanmdjs ge km sjhagdmd, kjs humkgs ej pugdge sgr ljdaiahmdjs pjr km sjkm gxastgeham dg kms ejrlms, gk dahtmdj dg uem

2>

kgnaskmhaøe mdghumdm gs ue pmsj ej søkj luy alpjrtmetg saej tmloaáe alprgshaedaokg y jokanmtjraj pmrm qug gk Gstmdj hulpkm hje sus hjlprjlasjs aetgremhajemkgs. •

We dmtj dg gspghamk prgjhupmhaøe gs qug ue nrme eðlgrj dg hmsjs dg vajkgeham jhurrge rgspghtj dg lgejrgs dg =2 mýjs. Gkkj sg memkazm hje lís prjiuedadmd ge gk hmpìtukj dgdahmdj m kjs dgrghbjs dg km eaýgz (suprm). Xae glomrnj, km Hjlasaøe dgsgm dgstmhmr mquì qug, hjeijrlg m km aeijrlmhaøe rghaoadm, gk 72.7% dg kms lu`grgs qug dgeuehamrje gxpkjtmhaøe sgxumk sje lgejrgs dg =9 mýjs, mdglís dg aedahmr qug gstí ge mulgetj km hmetadmd dg eaýms qug sje vìhtalms dg gxpkjtmhaøe sgxumk.

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Xa oage gs hagrtj qug dgsdg =112 gstí ge vangeham gk eugvj Hødanj Vgemk, huyj mrtìhukj ??1 hmkaiahm km vajkgeham imlakamr hjlj ue dgkatj y trmtm gspghìiahmlgetg vmrajs dgkatjs sgxumkgs qug mightme praehapmklgetg m kms lu`grgs y m km eaýgz, vmrams dg kms dgiaeahajegs dg gstg Hødanj sje aesuiahagetgs, msì hjlj kms pgemkazmhajegs qug gstmokghg. Km dgiaeahaøe dg vajkgeham imlakamr dgk Hødanj Havak vangetg gxhkuyg ijrlms dg vajkgeham dastaetms dg km iìsahm, hjetrmvaeagedj km Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí y gstmokghg gk rgquasatj dg qug km vajkgeham tageg qug sgr "bmoatumk". Gstg rgquasatj alpadg km prjtghhaøe mdghumdm dg kms lu`grgs, km prgvgehaøe dg km rghurrgeham y dg ue dmýj lmyjr m km vìhtalm. Msalaslj, km smehaøe hjrrgspjedagetg m gstg dgkatj gs uem luktm, dg`medj mk vahtalmraj ge kaogrtmd.

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Hjlj sg dgejtm, m pgsmr dg qug gk Gstmdj tageg km aetgehaøe dg kuhbmr hjetrm km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y hje gsg jo`gtavj bm rgijrlmdj ejrlms ge gsg sgetadj, ge km príhtahm km vajkgeham sgxumk y iìsahm ge hjetrm dg km lu`gr, tmetj ge gk íloatj pravmdj hjlj pðokahj, sanug sagedj ue nrmvg prjokglm ge gk Gstmdj pmrmnumyj.

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_ghjlagedm qug sg pjenme ge príhtahm prjnrmlms gehmlaemdjs m sjkuhajemr gk prjokglm dg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, msì hjlj km mtgehaøe y msgsjrmlagetj dg kms vìhtalms.

22

?.7.8.7 Aeijrlg dg Xgnualagetj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, mýj ?668.

Ge gk lmrhj dgk ==2° Vgrìjdj dg Xgsajegs > mk ?4 dg jhtuorg dg ?668, y ge iuehaøe dg kms rghjlgedmhajegs glatadms ge gk mýj ?66=, rgmkazø rghjlgedmhajegs pjr tglms, sgýmkmedj0 •

Alpueadmd0 j

Mdjptmr pjkìtahms pkmeaiahmdms m hjrtj, lgdamej y kmrnj pkmzj pmrm trmtmr dg gkalaemr j rgduhar kms satumhajegs dg alpueadmd.

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Mdlaeastrmhaøe dg @ustaham y Dgrghbjs Bulmejs0 j

Tjlg kms lgdadms eghgsmrams pmrm qug km pugstm ge príhtahm dgk eugvj sastglm prjhgsmk pgemk sgm rgmkazmdm dg lmegrm rípadm y mightavm.

j

Xg msgnurg km vangeham dg kms nmrmetìms dgk dgoadj prjhgsj hjesmnrmdms ge km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem m tjdjs kjs aedavadujs su`gtjs m km ùrasdahhaøe dgk Gstmdj pmrmnumyj.

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Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs0 j

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Kuhbmr hjetrm km pjorgzm, utakazmedj kms sanuagetgs gstrmtgnams0 ■

Vrjhurmr gk hrghalagetj ghjeølahj ge ogegiahaj dg kjs pjorgs.

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_ggstruhturmr kjs prgsupugstjs.

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Nmrmetazmr km pmrtahapmhaøe.

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Vrjtgngr kjs rghursjs mloagetmkgs y gk hmpatmk sjhamk dg kms hjlueadmdgs pjorgs.

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Gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm kms lu`grgs y kjs nrupjs laejratmrajs.

Dgrghbjs dg km eaýgz0 j

Xg alpuksge pjkìtahms pðokahms daranadms m msgnurmr qug ej bmym eaýjs ea eaýms qug vavme ge km hmkkg.

j

Xg alpkglgetge pjkìtahms pðokahms y kgnaskmtavms gehmlaemdms m qug sg jtjrnug mdghumdj trmtmlagetj mk prjokglm dgk mousj y gxpkjtmhaøe sgxumk dg eaýms y mdjkgshgetgs, y msalaslj, qug sg aevgstanug y smehajeg m quagegs sgme rgspjesmokgs dgk mousj y 21

gxpkjtmhaøe sgxumk dg eaýms, eaýjs y mdjkgshgetgs. Km hjlgrhamkazmhaøe sgxumk dg km eaýgz jigedg ej søkj kjs dgrghbjs dg kms eaýms gxpkjtmdms, saej hjlprjlgtg gk iuturj dgk Vmrmnumy. j

Xg alpkglgetge kms lgdadms mdghumdms ge lmtgram dg smkud, m iae dg msgnurmr ue mhhgsj anumkatmraj m tjdjs, tmetj ge su mspghtj humetatmtavj, hjlj humkatmtavj.

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Dgrghbjs dg km lu`gr0 j

Xg alpuksge kms ljdaiahmhajegs kgnaskmtavms qug ej sg bme kkgvmdj m hmoj bmstm gk ljlgetj, m iae dg kjnrmr uem hjlpkgtm prjtghhaøe dg kms lu`grgs hjetrm km dashralaemhaøe.

j

Xg pjenme ge príhtahm prjnrmlms gehmlaemdjs m sjkuhajemr gk prjokglm dg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, msì hjlj km mtgehaøe y msgsjrmlagetj dg kms vìhtalms.

j

j

Xg alpuksge kms lgdadms mdghumdms pmrm kjnrmr km anumkdmd kmojrmk getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs. Xg prjlugvm km pmrtahapmhaøe dg kms lu`grgs ge hmrnjs pðokahjs, ge pmrtahukmr ge mqugkkjs pugstjs qug alpkaquge tjlms dg dghasaøe.

j

Xg pjenme m daspjsahaøe dg kms lu`grgs, ge gspghamkgs kms lu`grgs pjorgs g aedìngems, sgrvahajs mdghumdjs dg smkud, msì hjlj prjnrmlms dg aeijrlmhaøe y msastgeham ge smkud rgprjduhtavm.

j

Xg prjlugvg km gduhmhaøe oakaenûg, sjorg tjdj ge kms zjems rurmkgs, y sg aehjrpjrg km gduhmhaøe pmrm kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs ge tjdjs kjs eavgkgs hurrahukmrgs, gstmokghagedj km gduhmhaøe ej gxastm y gk dgrghbj m km anumkdmd y km ej dashralaemhaøe hjlj hjlpjegetgs iuedmlgetmkgs pmrm gk njhg y g`grhahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs.

j

Xg tjlge kms lgdadms dg prgvgehaøe eghgsmrams pmrm gvatmr gk mnrmvmlagetj dg kms hjedahajegs hmrhgkmrams dg kms rghkusms, msì hjlj tmloaáe kms lgdadms pmrm lg`jrmr su satumhaøe y ge pmrtahukmr sg kgs jtjrnuge kjs lasljs dgrghbjs qug m kjs bjlorgs, ge pmrtahukmr hje rgkmhaøe m sus vasatms. 16

j

Xg alpuksge lgdadms dg mhhaøe pjsatavm gehmlaemdms m kjnrmr km gightavadmd dgk praehapaj dg ej dashralaemhaøe, ge tjdjs kjs íloatjs dg km vadm pðokahm y pravmdm dg kms lu`grgs, pjr lgdaj dg prjnrmlms dg aeijrlmhaøe y gduhmhaøe, dgstaemdjs m gkalaemr gstgrgjtapjs sgxastms.

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Dgrghbjs dg kjs pugokjs aedìngems0 j

]ug sg mdjptge m km orgvgdmd kms lgdadms eghgsmrams m imvjr dg kms hjlueadmdgs aedìngems pmrm lg`jrmr km alpkglgetmhaøe y mhhgsj m kjs sgrvahajs dg smkud. ]ug sg rgmkahge mhhajegs dg smkud prgvgetavm y dg msastgeham smeatmram, hje gspghamk áeimsas ge gsiugrzjs pmrm daslaeuar kms mktms tmsms dg dgseutrahaøe, ljrtmkadmd aeimetak y dg tuogrhukjsas, y hjlomtar y prgvgear gk lmk dg Hbmnms y km lmkmram.

j

]ug sg lg`jrge kjs sgrvahajs gduhmtavjs y su hmkadmd, rgspgtmedj km davgrsadmd hukturmk, y bmhagedj gightavj gk dgrghbj m uem gduhmhaøe pralmram jokanmtjram y nrmtuatm, aehkuygedj kms lgdadms gduhmtavms eghgsmrams pmrm daslaeuar km tmsm dg dgsgrhaøe y gk memkimogtaslj.

j

]ug sg mdjptge kms lgdadms eghgsmrams pmrm prjtgngr dgk dgtgrajrj ghjkønahj mk bíoatmt dg kms hjlueadmdgs aedìngems, hje gspghamk áeimsas ge km prjtghhaøe dg kjs ojsqugs y kms mnums, oísahjs pmrm su smkud y supgrvavgeham hjlj hjlueadmdgs98.

?.7.8.9 Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr, mýj ?667. •

Gxbjrtm mk Gstmdj m qug mdjptge lgdadms urngetgs pmrm aehjrpjrmr ge km Hjestatuhaøe u jtrm kgnaskmhaøe emhajemk uem dgiaeahaøe dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr hjlj km hjetgeadm ge gk Mrtìhukj = dg km Hjevgehaøe. Tmloaáe padaø mk Gstmdj pmrtg qug mdjptmrm lgdadms pmrm msgnurmr qug kms daspjsahajegs dg km Hjevgehaøe pudagrme mpkahmrsg giahmzlgetg ge gk jrdgemlagetj ùrìdahj emhajemk. Gk Hjlatá aevatø mk Gstmdj m qug mdjptmrm lgdadms pmrm sgesaoakazmr m kms lu`grgs mhgrhm dg sus dgrghbjs, m iae qug pudagrme bmhgrkjs vmkgr.

98

Aoadgl

1=

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Aestm m qug sg ‛tjlg ejtm“ dg qug kjs tárlaejs "gquadmd" g "anumkdmd" ej grme saeøealjs j

aetgrhmloamokgs, y qug km Hjevgehaøe tgeìm pjr jo`gtj gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr y msgnurmr km anumkdmd dg ùrg y dg imhtj getrg lu`grgs y bjlorgs. Vjr hjesanuagetg, gk Hjlatá rghjlgedø qug gk Gstmdj pmrtg usmrí ge kj suhgsavj gk tárlaej "anumkdmd". •

Aestm mk Gstmdj m qug vgkg pjr qug tjdms kms pjkìtahms y prjnrmlms tuvagrme gxpkìhatmlgetg ge hugetm kms gkgvmdms tmsms dg memkimogtaslj y kms eghgsadmdgs dg kms lu`grgs aedìngems, aehkuadms kms lu`grgs numrmeìgs ljejkaenûgs, y qug trmtmrm mhtavmlgetg dg bmhgrkms pmrtahapmr ge km ijrlukmhaøe y mpkahmhaøe dg kms pjkìtahms y prjnrmlms sghtjramkgs. _ghjlgedø tmloaáe qug sg aetgesaiahmrm km g`ghuhaøe dg prjnrmlms gduhmtavjs oakaenûgs m tjdjs kjs eavgkgs dg gduhmhaøe y msgnurmr gk mhhgsj dg kms lu`grgs aedìngems m km gduhmhaøe y km mtgehaøe dg smkud.

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Mkgetø m qug mdjptge lgdadms gspghamkgs dg hmríhtgr tglpjrmk dg hjeijrladmd hje gk pírrmij = dgk mrtìhukj 4 dg km Hjevgehaøe y km rghjlgedmhaøe ngegrmk ?7 dgk Hjlatá, m iae dg mhgkgrmr gsg mhhgsj dg kms lu`grgs aedìngems. Gk Hjlatá rghjlgedø qug gk Gstmdj pmrtg rgijrzmrm sus prjnrmlms dg daiusaøe, gduhmhaøe y hmpmhatmhaøe sjorg km Hjevgehaøe y su Vrjtjhjkj Imhuktmtavj getrg kms lu`grgs aedìngems, aehkuadms kms lu`grgs numrmeìgs ljejkaenûgs.

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Gxbjrtø m qug sg gstmokghagrm ue lghmeaslj pmrm vanakmr y gvmkumr km g`ghuhaøe y km rgpgrhusaøe dg kjs pkmegs y pjkìtahms mhtumkgs gehmlaemdjs m kjnrmr km anumkdmd pmrm kms lu`grgs y m qug tjlmrm lgdadms hjrrghtavms, humedj iugrm eghgsmraj, sa hjlprjomom qug grme aemdghumdjs pmrm mkhmezmr kms lgtms prgvastms. Xjkahatø tmloaáe qug aehkuygrm ge su prøxalj aeijrlg uem gvmkumhaøe, hje gstmdìstahms, dg km rgpgrhusaøe sjorg kms lu`grgs, aehkuadms kms lu`grgs aedìngems, kms lu`grgs numrmeìgs ljejkaenûgs y kms lu`grgs dg kms zjems rurmkgs, dg kms mhtavadmdgs, lgdadms, pjkìtahms y gstudajs gehmlaemdjs m kjnrmr km anumkdmd dg imhtj getrg kms lu`grgs y kjs bjlorgs.

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Gxbjrtø qug mdjptmrm ue geijqug aetgnrmk dg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y km eaým. Hje gsg iae, aestø mk Gstmdj pmrtg m qug glprgedagrm, sae dakmhaøe, uem rgvasaøe dgk mrtìhukj ??1 dg km Kgy =966 rgkmtavm m km vajkgeham djlástahm y dg kjs mrtìhukjs =89 y =8> dgk Hødanj Vgemk, pmrm mrljeazmrkjs hje km Hjevgehaøe y hje km rghjlgedmhaøe ngegrmk =1 dgk Hjlatá, rgkmtavm m uem kuhbm hjetrm 1?

tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, aehkuadm km vajkgeham iìsahm, psahjkønahm y ghjeølahm, pmrm kj humk sg bmoìm dg msgnurmr qug kjs mutjrgs dg gsjs mhtjs iugrme gehmusmdjs y smehajemdjs y qug kms lu`grgs gstuvagrme prjtgnadms giahmzlgetg hjetrm kms rgprgsmkams. Msalaslj, m qug gstmokghagrm mkogrnugs y jtrjs sgrvahajs pmrm kms vìhtalms dg km vajkgeham. •

_gdjokø km sjkahatud dg sgesaoakazmr m kjs iuehajemrajs pðokahjs, gspghamklgetg kjs iuehajemrajs gehmrnmdjs dg bmhgr hulpkar km kgy, gk pjdgr ùdahamk, kjs mngetgs dg sgrvahajs dg smkud y kjs msastgetgs sjhamkgs, g aehukhmr km adgm qug km vajkgeham grm sjhamk y ljrmklgetg aemdlasaokg y hjestatuìm uem dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr y uem vajkmhaøe dg sus dgrghbjs bulmejs.

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Xjkahatø qug lg`jrmrm km hjkmojrmhaøe y hjjrdaemhaøe hje jrnmeazmhajegs dg km sjhagdmd havak, ge pmrtahukmr kms msjhamhajegs iglgeaems, pmrm ijrtmkghgr km mpkahmhaøe y supgrvasaøe dg km kgnaskmhaøe y dg kjs prjnrmlms dgstaemdjs m gkalaemr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr94.

?.7.8.> Hjrtg ADB. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Qmcyg Mxm Ys. Vmrmnumy, mýj ?667.

Ijedj _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham => dg ùeaj dg ?667. Xgrag H Ej. =?7 97. •

??=. (…) lagetrms km Hjlueadmd sg gehugetrg sae tagrrms, dmdj su gspghamk gstmdj dg

vukegrmoakadmd y su alpjsaoakadmd dg mhhgdgr m sus lghmeasljs trmdahajemkgs dg suosastgeham, gk Gstmdj dgogrí sulaeastrmr, dg lmegrm aelgdamtm y pgraødahm, mnum pjtmokg suiahagetg pmrm gk hjesulj y msgj pgrsjemk dg kjs laglorjs dg km Hjlueadmd3 oraedmr mtgehaøe ládahm pgraødahm y lgdahaems mdghumdms pmrm hjesgrvmr km smkud dg tjdms kms pgrsjems, gspghamklgetg kjs eaýjs, eaýms, mehamejs y lu`grgs glomrmzmdms, aehkuygedj lgdahaems y trmtmlagetj mdghumdj pmrm km dgspmrmsatmhaøe dg tjdjs kjs laglorjs dg km Hjlueadmd3 getrgnmr mkalgetjs ge hmetadmd, vmragdmd y hmkadmd suiahagetgs pmrm qug kjs laglorjs dg km Hjlueadmd tgenme kms hjedahajegs lìealms dg uem vadm danem3 imhakatmr kgtraems j humkquagr tapj dg sgrvahaj smeatmraj mdghumdj m iae dg qug sg lmeg`g gightavm y smkuorglgetg kjs dgsghbjs oajkønahjs dg km Hjlueadmd3 y djtmr m km gshugkm 94 97

Aoadgl 9= Vmrm mhhgdgr m km Xgetgeham dgk Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Qmcyg Mxm vs. Vmrmnumy, vámsg

bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ=4?Zgsp.pdi

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uoahmdm ge gk msgetmlagetj mhtumk dg km Hjlueadmd, hje lmtgramkgs oakaenûgs suiahagetgs pmrm km dgoadm gduhmhaøe dg sus mkulejs.

?.7.8.2 Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, mýj ?669. •

Xg sjkahatø msgnurmr qug km prjtghhaøe kgnaskmtavm ge hjetrm dg km dashralaemhaøe dg náegrj sg mpkaqug y qug kms aestatuhajegs hrgmdms hje tmk prjpøsatj rghaome iaemehamlagetj mdghumdj pmrm su hjrrghtj iuehajemlagetj.

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Msalaslj, mdjptmr lgdadms pmrm msgnurmr km anumkdmd dg hjedahajegs kmojrmkgs getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs y pmrm mulgetmr km pmrtahapmhaøe dg km lu`gr ge tjdms kms írgms dg km vadm pðokahm y pravmdm.

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Tjlmr kms lgdadms mdghumdms pmrm hjlomtar km vajkgeham djlástahm y msgnurmr qug sg ùznug m kjs rgspjesmokgs y qug ástjs rghaome uem smehaøe mdghumdm.

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Xg aevatm mk Gstmdj Vmrtg m gduhmr m km pjokmhaøe ge su hjeùetj sjorg km eghgsadmd dg rgspgtmr kjs dgrghbjs y km daneadmd dg kms lu`grgs99.

?.7.8.1 Hjrtg ADB. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Xmwbjymlmxm Ys. Vmrmnumy, mýj ?669.

Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dg ?1 dg lmrzj dg ?669. Xgrag H Ej. =49 9>. •

=>>. Ge lmtgram dg dgrghbj m km vadm dg kjs eaýjs, gk Gstmdj tageg, mdglís dg kms jokanmhajegs sgýmkmdms pmrm tjdm pgrsjem, km jokanmhaøe mdahajemk dg prjljvgr kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe m kms qug sg rgiagrg gk mrtìhukj =1 dg km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem, gk hum k daspjeg qug0 ‛St\jdj eaýj tageg dgrghbj m kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe qug su hjedahaøe dg lgejr rgquagrg pjr pmrtg dg su imlakam, dg km sjhagdmd y dgk Gstmdj“. Msì, pjr uem pmrtg, gk Gstmdj dgog msular su pjsahaøe gspghamk dg

nmrmetg hje lmyjr huadmdj y rgspjesmoakadmd, y dgog tjlmr lgdadms gspghamkgs jragetmdms ge gk

99 9>

Aoadgl 9=, pín. 1 Vmrm mhhgdgr m km Xgetgeham dgk Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Xmwbjymlmxm vs. Vmrmnumy, vámsg

bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ=49Zgsp?.pdi

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praehapaj dgk aetgrás supgrajr dgk eaýj92. Kj metgrajr ej pugdg dgskanmrsg dg km satumhaøe anumklgetg vukegrmokg dg kms lu`grgs glomrmzmdms dg km Hjlueadmd. Kjs Gstmdjs dgoge prgstmr gspghamk mtgehaøe y huadmdj m km prjtghhaøe dg gstg nrupj y mdjptmr lgdadms gspghamkgs qug nmrmetahge m kms lmdrgs, ge gspghamk durmetg km ngstmhaøe, gk pmrtj y gk pgrìjdj dg kmhtmeham, gk mhhgsj m sgrvahajs mdghumdjs dg mtgehaøe ládahm.

?.7.8.=6 Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs, mýj ?66>. •

Aehrglgetmr kjs gsiugrzjs pmrm gkalaemr km vajkgeham djlástahm y hjesadgrmr km pjsaoakadmd dg ljdaiahmr su kgnaskmhaøe pgemk ge lmtgram dg vajkgeham djlástahm, mulgetmedj km pgem pmrm gstm hjeduhtm dgkahtavm.

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Ygkmr pjr km anumkdmd dg bjlorgs y lu`grgs ge tjdms kms gsigrms dg km vadm, ge pmrtahukmr tjlmedj lgdadms giahmhgs pmrm kuhbmr hjetrm km dashralaemhaøe ge km gduhmhaøe dg kms eaýms y mdjkgshgetgs, ge gk mhhgsj mk glpkgj, y kms hjedahajegs dg trmom`j.

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Mdjptmr uem kgy dg anumkdmd dg jpjrtueadmdgs getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs y qug vanakg qug kms mhtavadmdgs dg km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Lu`gr tgenme ue alpmhtj ge km vadm rgmk dg kms lu`grgs.

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]ug sgme tjlmdms kms lgdadms pjsatavms eghgsmrams pmrm gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe dg kms qug sje vìhtalms kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vukegrmoakadmd, hjlj sje kms lu`grgs ge zjems rurmkgs, aehkuygedj gk dasgýj dg uem pjkìtahm pðokahm aetgnrmk pmrm hjlomtar km trmtm dg pgrsjems y prjpjrhajemr prjtghhaøe y msastgeham m kms vìhtalms91.

92

Hir. Hmsj dg km ‛Lmsmhrg dg Lmparapíe“, suprm ejtm 1, pírr. =7?3 Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Qmcyg

Mxm, suprm ejtm =, pírr. =>?, y Hmsj "Aestatutj dg _ggduhmhaøe dgk Lgejr", suprm ejtm ?==, pírr. =96. Ge gk laslj sgetadj, hir. Hjedahaøe @urìdahm y Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dgk Eaýj. Jpaeaøe Hjesuktavm JH-=>/6? dg ?2 dg mnjstj dg ?66?. Xgrag M Ej. =>, pírrs. 79 y 96. 91

Aoadgl 9=, pín. 1

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?.7.8.== Hjlatá dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj, mýj ?6=6. •

_gdjokmr kjs gsiugrzjs pmrm prgvgear y gkalaemr tjdm dashralaemhaøe dg bghbj hjetrm kjs eaýjs aedìngems, kjs qug vavge ge km pjorgzm, kms eaýms, kjs eaýjs ge satumhaøe dg hmkkg y kjs eaýjs hje dashmpmhadmd.

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Mhgkgrmr gk prjhgsj dg mprjomhaøe dgk prjyghtj dg kgy hjetrm tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe.

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Nmrmetazmr dg ijrlm gightavm kjs sgrvahajs dg smkud, eutrahaøe, gduhmhaøe, mhhgsj mk glpkgj y mhtavadmdgs hukturmkgs pmrm eaýgz aedìngem.

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Xjkahatø qug ge gk prøxalj aeijrlg pgraødahj sg aehkuym aeijrlmhaøe gspghìiahm sjorg kms lgdadms y kjs prjnrmlms pgrtaegetgs m km Hjevgehaøe qug bmym mdjptmdj gk Gstmdj pmrtg ge sgnualagetj dg km Dghkmrmhaøe y gk Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg Durome, mprjomdjs ge km Hjeigrgeham Luedamk hjetrm gk _mhaslj, km Dashralaemhaøe _mhamk, km Rgejijoam y kms Ijrlms Hjegxms dg Aetjkgrmeham dg ?66=, msì hjlj ge rgkmhaøe hje gk djhulgetj iaemk dg km Hjeigrgeham dg Gxmlge dg Durome dg ?661>6.

?.7.8.=? Hjrtg ADB. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Rícljc Císgc Ys. Vmrmnumy, mýj ?6=6.

Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dg ?4 dg mnjstj dg ?6=6. Xgrag H Ej. ?=4 >=. •

?88. Mk rgspghtj, km Hjrtg rgsmktm qug km gxtrglm pjorgzm y km imktm dg mdghumdm mtgehaøe ládahm m lu`grgs ge gstmdj dg glomrmzj j pjst-glomrmzj sje hmusms dg mktm ljrtmkadmd y ljroakadmd lmtgrem>?. Vjr gkkj, kjs Gstmdjs dgoge oraedmr pjkìtahms dg smkud mdghumdms qug pgrlatme jirghgr msastgeham hje pgrsjemk getrgemdj mdghumdmlgetg pmrm km mtgehaøe dg kjs emhalagetjs, pjkìtahms dg

>6

Aoadgl 9=, pín. =6 Vmrm mhhgdgr m km Xgetgeham dgk Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Ríljc Císgc vs. Vmrmnumy, vámsg bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ?=4Zgsp.pdi >? Hir. Vmuk Buet. _gpjrt ji tbg Xpghamk _mppjrtgur je tbg ranbt ji gvgryjeg tj tbg ge`jylget ji tbg banbgst mttmaemokg stmedmrd ji bgmktb, M/B_H/=4/?6/Mdd.?, =7 dg Morak dg ?6=6. Xg hjesadgrm ljrtmkadmd lmtgrem km lugrtg dg km lu`gr m hmusm dg su glomrmzj j dgetrj dg kjs 4? dìms sanuagetgs m km tgrlaemhaøe dgk laslj aedgpgedagetglgetg dg km durmhaøe y gk sataj dgk glomrmzj, dgoadj m humkquagr hmusm rgkmhajemdm hje j mnrmvmdm pjr gk glomrmzj laslj j su mtgehaøe, pgrj ej pjr hmusms mhhadgetmkgs j aehadgetmkgs (trmduhhaøe dg km Hjrtg). ^BJ, Aetgremtajemk Xtmtastahmk Hkmssaiahmtaje ji Dasgmsgs med _gkmtgd Bgmktb Vrjokgls, Tgetb _gvasaje, vjk. >=

?, Aestruhtaje Lmeumk, ?ed gd. (Ngegvm, ?667), p. =4=.

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prgvgehaøe dg km ljrtmkadmd lmtgrem m trmvás dg hjetrjkgs prgemtmkgs y pjst-pmrtj mdghumdjs, g aestrulgetjs kgnmkgs y mdlaeastrmtavjs ge pjkìtahms dg smkud qug pgrlatme djhulgetmr mdghumdmlgetg kjs hmsjs dg ljrtmkadmd lmtgrem. Kj metgrajr, ge rmzøe m qug kms lu`grgs ge gstmdj dg glomrmzj rgquagrge lgdadms dg gspghamk prjtghhaøe. •

?91. Gk praehapaj dg km prjtghhaøe anumkatmram y gightavm dg km kgy y dg km ej dashralaemhaøe hjestatuyg ue dmtj sjorgsmkagetg ge gk sastglm tutgkmr dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs hjesmnrmdj ge vmrajs aestrulgetjs aetgremhajemkgs y dgsmrrjkkmdj pjr km djhtraem y ùrasprudgeham. Ge km mhtumk gtmpm dg km gvjkuhaøe dgk dgrghbj aetgremhajemk, gk praehapaj iuedmlgetmk dg anumkdmd y ej dashralaemhaøe bm aenrgsmdj ge gk djlaeaj dgk ùs hjnges. Xjorg ák dgshmesm gk medmlam`g ùrìdahj dgk jrdge pðokahj emhajemk g aetgremhajemk y pgrlgme tjdj gk jrdgemlagetj ùrìdahj.

?.7.8.=8 _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg gk Dgrghbj m km Gduhmhaøe, mýj ?6=6.

Ge su aeijrlg>8, gk _gkmtjr Gspghamk dgk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms sjorg gk Dgrghbj m km Gduhmhaøe, sgýmkm0 •

Aehkuar ge km pjkìtahm gduhmtavm ue pkme trmesvgrsmk dg náegrj, qug ijlgetg km aehkusaøe dg gduhmhaøe sgxumk y rgprjduhtavm ge gk hurrìhukul.

?.7.8.=4 Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk, mýj ?6=6. •

Gkmojrmr y mpkahmr pjkìtahms dg anumkdmd dg náegrj, ge pmrtahukmr ge gk lgrhmdj dg trmom`j, y pjkìtahms pmrm hjlomtar km vajkgeham sgxumk y djlástahm (Ormsak).

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Aetrjduhar gelagedms ge gk Hødanj Vgemk y ge kms kgygs rgkmtavms m km vajkgeham djlástahm pmrm prjbaoar tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham ge gk bjnmr, y ej sjkj gk lmktrmtj hjesadgrmdj bmoatumk j gxhgsavj (Hmemdí).

>8

Aoadgl 9=, pín. ?6

1>

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_gdjokmr sus gsiugrzjs dg prgvgehaøe, smehaøe y grrmdahmhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr (Mrngetaem).

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Hjesadgrmr km pjsaoakadmd dg mprjomr daspjsahajegs kgnmkgs u jtrms lgdadms qug pgrlatme km aevgstanmhaøe y gk geùahamlagetj dg km vajkgeham dg náegrj (Gstmdjs Weadjs).

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Hjlpakmr gstmdìstahms jiahamkgs sjorg kjs hmsjs dg vajkgeham djlástahm, iglaeahadaj, lmktrmtj, mousj sgxumk y gxpkjtmhaøe sgxumk, gstm ðktalm gspghamklgetg dg eaýjs y mdjkgshgetgs, y imhakatmr gk mhhgsj dg kms vìhtalms m km ùstaham y gk prjhgsmlagetj dg kjs rgspjesmokgs (Wrunumy).

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Xgnuar mpkahmedj kjs pkmegs emhajemkgs dg rgduhhaøe dg km pjorgzm y prjljvagedj km anumkdmd dg náegrj y gk glpjdgrmlagetj dg km lu`gr (Vmkgstaem).

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Mdjptmr lgdadms mdahajemkgs pmrm mpkahmr kms rghjlgedmhajegs dgk Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr sjorg davgrsms hugstajegs, ge pmrtahukmr km om`m pmrtahapmhaøe dg km lu`gr ge kjs ørnmejs dg mdjphaøe dg dghasajegs y ge km vadm pðokahm, y kms gkgvmdms tmsms dg memkimogtaslj y momedjej gshjkmr getrg kms lu`grgs (_gpðokahm dg Ljkdjvm).

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Xgnuar prgsgetmedj sus aeijrlgs rgkmtavjs m km mpkahmhaøe dg km Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr (Ejrugnm).

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Gstmokghgr lgdadms prjetms y gightavms pmrm nmrmetazmr km anumkdmd dg náegrj ge tjdjs kjs eavgkgs dg km sjhagdmd havak y ge gk mpmrmtj gstmtmk, bmoadm hugetm dg qug kms kgygs y kms pjkìtahms mhtumkgs tjdmvìm ej bme dmdj kjs rgsuktmdjs gspgrmdjs (Eahmrmnum).

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Mdjptmr lgdadms gightavms pmrm nmrmetazmr km anumkdmd dg trmtj dg km lu`gr ge km kgnaskmhaøe y ge km príhtahm, dg hjeijrladmd hje sus jokanmhajegs aetgremhajemkgs ge vartud dg km Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr (Xugham).

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Mdjptmr lgdadms pmrm suosmemr km gshmsm pmrtahapmhaøe dg kms lu`grgs ge kjs ørnmejs dg mdjphaøe dg dghasajegs y ge km vadm pðokahm, kms daigrgehams smkmramkgs getrg lu`grgs y bjlorgs y km gkgvmdm tmsm dg memkimogtaslj getrg kms lu`grgs (Ejrugnm).

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Mdjptmr kms lgdadms eghgsmrams pmrm gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr ge km kgnaskmhaøe y ge km príhtahm, ge pmrtahukmr ge rgkmhaøe hje km rgluegrmhaøe, kms jpjrtueadmdgs dg glpkgj y gk mhhgsj m kjs sgrvahajs dg gduhmhaøe y dg smkud (Láxahj).

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Mdjptmr eugvms lgdadms pmrm msgnurmr uem lmyjr pmrtahapmhaøe y rgprgsgetmhaøe dg kms lu`grgs ge km mdlaeastrmhaøe pðokahm, msì hjlj km anumkdmd dg rgluegrmhaøe getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs (Vgrð).

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Msgnurmr km anumkdmd dg rgluegrmhaøe getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs ge km príhtahm (Gskjvgeam)

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Vrjljvgr km anumkdmd dg náegrj, aehkuadm km anumkdmd dg rgluegrmhaøe getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs pjr anumk trmom`j (Nbmem).

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Mdjptmr kms lgdadms eghgsmrams pmrm prjljvgr gk praehapaj dg km anumkdmd dg rgluegrmhaøe getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs (Turquìm).

?.7.8.=7 Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr, mýj ?6==. •

]ug sg mhgkgrg km mprjomhaøe dg ue prjyghtj dg kgy ngegrmk pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, dg hjeijrladmd hje km Hjevgehaøe y km _ghjlgedmhaøe ngegrmk =1 (=11?) sjorg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr.

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]ug sg hjlomtm giahmzlgetg tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, aehkuadm km vajkgeham iìsahm, psahjkønahm y ghjeølahm, vgkmedj pjr qug kjs mutjrgs dg gsjs mhtjs sgme gehmusmdjs y smehajemdjs y pjrqug sg prjtg`m gightavmlgetg m kms lu`grgs hjetrm kms rgprgsmkams.

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]ug sg aetgesaiaqug sus gsiugrzjs pjr mulgetmr km hjehagehamhaøe getrg kjs iuehajemrajs pðokahjs, gspghamklgetg kms iugrzms dgk jrdge, kjs iuehajemrajs ùdahamkgs, kjs prjvggdjrgs dg smkud y kjs trmom`mdjrgs sjhamkgs y rgiugrhg km hjehagehamhaøe dg qug gsm vajkgeham gs sjhamk y ljrmklgetg aemhgptmokg y hjestatuyg uem dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr y uem vajkmhaøe dg sus dgrghbjs bulmejs.

11

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]ug sg aetgesaiaqug su hjkmojrmhaøe y km hjjrdaemhaøe hje kms jrnmeazmhajegs dg km sjhagdmd havak, ge pmrtahukmr kms msjhamhajegs dg lu`grgs, m iae dg rgijrzmr km mpkahmhaøe y supgrvasaøe dg kms kgygs y prjnrmlms dgstaemdjs m gkalaemr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr.

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_gatgrm su rghjlgedmhaøe mk Gstmdj pmrtg dg qug mdjptg lgdadms gightavms pmrm prjbaoar km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr, dg hjeijrladmd hje gk mrtìhukj = dg km Hjevgehaøe, lgdametg km mprjomhaøe dg kms daspjsahajegs kgnaskmtavms emhajemkgs mdghumdms, tmkgs hjlj gk prjyghtj dg kgy mlpkam sjorg km dashralaemhaøe, qug gstí ge gspgrm dg mprjomhaøe pjr gk Vmrkmlgetj.

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_ghjlagedm msalaslj mk Gstmdj pmrtg qug gxmlaeg su kgnaskmhaøe aetgrem pmrm mrljeazmrkm hje km Hjevgehaøe.

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_ghjlagedm mk Gstmdj pmrtg qug mdjptg eugvms lgdadms pmrm gxtgedgr km mhgptmhaøe dg lgdadms gspghamkgs dg hmríhtgr tglpjrmk y su mpkahmhaøe ngegrmk, dg hjeijrladmd hje gk mrtìhukj 4, pírrmij =, dg km Hjevgehaøe y hje km _ghjlgedmhaøe ngegrmk ?7 (?664) dgk Hjlatá, hjlj pmrtg dg km gstrmtgnam eghgsmram pmrm mhgkgrmr km hjesghuhaøe dg km anumkdmd sustmetavm dg km lu`gr, ge pmrtahukmr dg kms lu`grgs pgrtgeghagetgs m nrupjs dgsimvjrghadjs, ge tjdms kms gsigrms dg km vadm hjlj km smkud, km gduhmhaøe y gk glpkgj.

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_gdjokg sus gsiugrzjs pmrm jrnmeazmr hmlpmýms dg sgesaoakazmhaøe y gduhmhaøe pðokahm daranadms m km pjokmhaøe ge ngegrmk y, ge pmrtahukmr, m kjs darangetgs pjkìtahjs y rgkanajsjs y m kjs iuehajemrajs dgk Njoagrej, hje larms m hmloamr kms mhtatudgs trmdahajemkgs msjhamdms m km dashralaemhaøe dg náegrj ge km imlakam y ge km sjhagdmd ge ngegrmk, dg hjeijrladmd hje kjs mrtìhukjs ? i) y 7 m) dg km Hjevgehaøe.

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Mkagetg km mutj rgnkmlgetmhaøe dg kjs lgdajs dg aeijrlmhaøe y km mdjphaøe dg ue hødanj dg hjeduhtm m iae dg gvatmr kjs gstgrgjtapjs y kms príhtahms dg dashralaemhaøe dg náegrj.

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Aetgesaiaqug su kmojr gehmlaemdm m dmr anumkgs jpjrtueadmdgs dg gduhmhaøe m kms `øvgegs aedìngems.

=66

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Mdjptg tjdms kms lgdadms eghgsmrams pmrm kjnrmr uem lg`jr mpkahmhaøe dg su kgnaskmhaøe kmojrmk, pjegr rglgdaj m kms dgsanumkdmdgs smkmramkgs y mkgetmr m km lu`gr m oushmr glpkgj ge gsigrms ej trmdahajemkgs.

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Ljdaiaqug km kgnaskmhaøe m iae dg lg`jrmr kms hjedahajegs kmojrmkgs dg kjs trmom`mdjrgs djlástahjs, aehkuadj gk mhhgsj m kms prgstmhajegs dg km sgnuradmd sjhamk.

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Mpkaqug pjkìtahms gspghìiahms pmrm prjljvgr gk dasirutg gightavj dg kjs dgrghbjs dg km lu`gr, aehkusj m trmvás dg lgdadms gspghamkgs dg hmríhtgr tglpjrmk qug mhgkgrge gk kjnrj dg km anumkdmd suostmetavm.

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_gdjokg sus gsiugrzjs pjr mprjomr prjnrmlms aetgnrmkgs dg smkud y gduhmhaøe m gshmkm emhajemk, aehkuadjs kjs prjnrmlms rgkmhajemdjs hje km mkimogtazmhaøe iuehajemk, gk dgsmrrjkkj glprgsmramk, km ijrlmhaøe príhtahm y km lahrj iaemehamhaøe, hjlj lgdajs dg rgduhar km pjorgzm.

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Mdjptg lgdadms gspghamkgs dg hmríhtgr tglpjrmk, dg hjeijrladmd hje gk mrtìhukj 4, pírrmij =, dg km Hjevgehaøe y hje km _ghjlgedmhaøe ngegrmk ?7 (?664) dgk Hjlatá, pmrm mhgkgrmr gk dasirutg gightavj dg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs aedìngems.

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Ygkg pjr qug kms lu`grgs aedìngems tgenme iíhak mhhgsj m kms gshugkms y m kjs sgrvahajs dg smkud dg lmegrm msgquaokg, tmetj iìsahm hjlj iaemehagrmlgetg, hje sgrvahajs oakaenûgs y pjrqug sg tgenme ge hugetm kms eghgsadmdgs gspghamkgs dg kms lu`grgs dg hjlueadmdgs aedìngems ljejkaenûgs.

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_gatgrm su rghjlgedmhaøe mk Gstmdj pmrtg dg qug mdjptg kms lgdadms eghgsmrams hje jo`gtj dg gkgvmr km gdmd lìealm kgnmk pmrm hjetrmgr lmtraljeaj dg bjlorgs y lu`grgs.

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_gatgrm su _ghjlgedmhaøe ngegrmk ?= (?664) sjorg km anumkdmd ge gk lmtraljeaj y ge kms rgkmhajegs imlakamrgs, rghjlagedm mk Gstmdj pmrtg qug0 Jrnmeahg uem hmlpmým dg hjehagehamhaøe dg kms lu`grgs sjorg km gkghhaøe dg ránalge pmtraljeamk ge gk lmtraljeaj y sus hjesghugehams pmrm su oagegstmr y su sgnuradmd ghjeølahm.

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Ygkg pjr qug gk hjehgptj dg hjlueadmd dg oagegs sg gxtagedm m kjs mhtavjs aetmenaokgs, aehkuadms kms prgstmhajegs pjr hjehgptj dg pgesajegs y dg sgnurjs y jtrjs mhtavjs prjigsajemkgs, y mdjptg

=6=

kms lgdadms kgnmkgs eghgsmrams pmrm hjlpgesmr km dgsanumk pmrtahapmhaøe dg kms lu`grgs ge gk trmom`j ej rgluegrmdj, aehkuadjs kjs pmnjs hjeyunmkgs dgspuás dg km sgpmrmhaøe. •

Xanm lg`jrmedj km kgnaskmhaøe y kms lgdadms mdlaeastrmtavms vangetgs sjorg kms rghkmlmhajegs dg pmtgreadmd, ge pmrtahukmr lgdametg km suovgehaøe dg kms prugoms dg MDE, y hjetaeðg lg`jrmedj kjs lghmeasljs ùdahamkgs gehmrnmdjs dg trmlatmr tmkgs hmsjs>4.

?.7.8.=9 Hjlatá hjetrm km Tjrturm, mýj ?6==. •

Msgnurmr km mpkahmhaøe dg lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe urngetgs y giahmhgs dgstaemdms m prgvgear y hjlomtar tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms, ge pmrtahukmr gk mousj sgxumk, km vajkgeham djlástahm y kms lugrtgs vajkgetms dg lu`grgs. Dahbms lgdadms dgogrìme aehkuar, ge pmrtahukmr, km prjetm mdjphaøe dg uem kgy pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, qug gstá dg mhugrdj hje km Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr y km rghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk E.° =1 dg =114 sjorg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs dgk Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. Gk Gstmdj pmrtg dgogrìm mdglís dgsmrrjkkmr hmlpmýms dg sgesaoakazmhaøe mlpkams y hursjs dg hmpmhatmhaøe sjorg prgvgehaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms, dgstaemdjs m kjs iuehajemrajs qug gstíe ge hjetmhtj darghtj hje kms vìhtalms (mngetgs dg kms iugrzms dgk jrdge, ùghgs, mojnmdjs, trmom`mdjrgs sjhamkgs, gth.) y mk pðokahj ge ngegrmk.

•

]ug sg prjbìom gxprgsmlgetg gk hmstanj hjrpjrmk dg eaýjs ge tjdms kms harhuestmehams, hje aehkusaøe dgk íloatj djlástahj>7.

?.7.8.=> _gkmtjrm Gspghamk sjorg km Gxtrglm Vjorgzm y kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, mýj ?6=?. •

Nmrmetazmr sae dgljrms km anumkdmd ge gk dasirutg dg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs y gk mhhgsj sae dashralaemhaøe m tjdjs sus dgrghbjs pmrm kj humk dgog hje prglurm0 prjluknmr km kgy aetgnrmk pmrm

>4

Aoadgl 9=, píns. ==-94

>7

Aoadgl 9=, pín.8>-98

=6?

km prgvgehaøe, smehaøe y grrmdahmhaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, rgijrzmr gk trmom`j dg km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Lu`gr dg km Vrgsadgeham dg km _gpðokahm hjlj getadmd jragetmdjrm y gstrmtánahm dg kms pjkìtahms pðokahms dg náegrj, nmrmetazmedj km `grmrquìm y gk prgsupugstj dg km aestatuhaøe, gkmojrmr uem pjkìtahm gspghìiahm pmrm lu`grgs dg pugokjs aedìngems y hrgmr ueadmdgs dg náegrj ge gk njoagrej hgetrmk y ge sgrvahajs pðokahjs dgshgetrmkazmdjs. •

Nmrmetazmr sae dgljrms km anumkdmd ge gk dasirutg dg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs y gk mhhgsj sae dashralaemhaøe m tjdjs sus dgrghbjs pmrm kj humk dgog hje prglurm0 prjluknmr km kgy aetgnrmk pmrm km prgvgehaøe, smehaøe y grrmdahmhaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, rgijrzmr gk trmom`j dg km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Lu`gr dg km Vrgsadgeham dg km _gpðokahm hjlj getadmd jragetmdjrm y gstrmtánahm dg kms pjkìtahms pðokahms dg náegrj, nmrmetazmedj km `grmrquìm y gk prgsupugstj dg km aestatuhaøe, gkmojrmr uem pjkìtahm gspghìiahm pmrm lu`grgs dg pugokjs aedìngems y hrgmr ueadmdgs dg náegrj ge gk njoagrej hgetrmk y ge sgrvahajs pðokahjs dgshgetrmkazmdjs>9.

?.7.8.=2 Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, mýj ?6=8. •

Mdjptmr uem kgnaskmhaøe mlpkam dg kuhbm hjetrm km dashralaemhaøe, aehkuygedj km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km dashralaemhaøe pjr ljtavjs dg jragetmhaøe sgxumk g adgetadmd dg náegrj, y dmr prajradmd m km alpkglgetmhaøe dg prjnrmlms pmrm grrmdahmr kjs gstgrgjtapjs y km dashralaemhaøe, y nmrmetazmr km tjkgrmeham y gk rgspgtj dg km davgrsadmd. Gk Gstmdj pmrtg tmloaáe dgog mdjptmr lgdadms pmrm prjljvgr km anumkdmd dg jpjrtueadmdgs y dg mhhgsj arrgstrahtj y sae dashralaemhaøe m tjdjs kjs sgrvahajs pmrm kms lu`grgs, kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd, kms pgrsjems aedìngems, mirjdgshgedagetgs, y kms pgrsjems KNOT.

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_gdjokmr sus gsiugrzjs pmrm gkalaemr kjs gstgrgjtapjs dg náegrj sjorg gk pmpgk y kms rgspjesmoakadmdgs dg kjs bjlorgs y dg kms lu`grgs ge km imlakam y ge km sjhagdmd, y kkgvmr mdgkmetg hmlpmýms dg sgesaoakazmhaøe mk gightj. Msalaslj, gk Gstmdj dgog mdjptmr kms lgdadms gspghamkgs

>9

Aoadgl 9=, pín. 98

=68

tglpjrmkgs qug sgme eghgsmrams pmrm aehrglgetmr km pmrtahapmhaøe dg kms lu`grgs ge km vadm pjkìtahm y pðokahm, msì hjlj ge gk sghtjr pravmdj. •

Vrgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham sgxumk y dg náegrj y pmrm mkgetmr m kms vìhtalms m dgeuehamr kjs hmsjs, aehkuygedj pjr lgdaj dg km mdjphaøe dg uem kgy gspghìiahm ge km lmtgram msgnurmedj km pmrtahapmhaøe dg km sjhagdmd havak. Gk Gstmdj dgog msgnurmr qug kms dgeuehams dg vajkgeham sgxumk y dg náegrj sgme gightavmlgetg aevgstanmdms, qug kjs mutjrgs sgme geùahamdjs y hmstanmdjs hje smehajegs mprjpamdms, y qug kms vìhtalms rghaome uem rgpmrmhaøe mdghumdm y tgenme mhhgsj m hgetrjs dg mtgehaøe j mkogrnugs gspghamkazmdjs ge tjdj gk pmìs. Gk Gstmdj pmrtg tmloaáe dgog aetgnrmr kjs tglms dg prjtghhaøe dg kms lu`grgs ge hjetrm dg km vajkgeham ge kjs prjnrmlms dg gduhmhaøe>>.

?.7.8.=1 _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kjs pugokjs aedìngems, mýj ?6=7. •

_ghjlagedm mk Njoagrej qug trmom`g hjeùetmlgetg hje kms lu`grgs aedìngems ge km rghjpakmhaøe dg aeijrlmhaøe dgsnkjsmdm ge rgkmhaøe hje tjdjs kjs mspghtjs dg su satumhaøe, aehkuadm km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, km satumhaøe sjhaj ghjeølahm, km smkud ge ngegrmk y km smkud sgxumk y rgprjduhtavm ge pmrtahukmr, gk tríiahj dg pgrsjems y jtrms lmtgrams, y qug mdjptg kms eghgsmrams pjkìtahms gspghìiahms daranadms m gkkms>2.

?.7.8.?6 Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk, mýj ?6=9. •

Hjetaeumr alpkglgetmedj lgdadms hjehrgtms pmrm prgvgear tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, aehkuadm km vajkgeham djlástahm, gk lmktrmtj y gk mousj sgxumk, msgnurmedj hmemkgs dg dgeueham, imhakatmedj gk mhhgsj m km ùstaham y nmrmetazmedj gk prjhgsmlagetj y hmstanj dg kjs mutjrgs (Wrunumy).

>> >2

Aoadgl 9=, píns. 8?-94 Vmrm mhhgdgr mk aeijrlg hjlpkgtj dg rghjlgedmhajegs m Vmrmnumy, vámsg

bttp0//www.jbhbr.jrn/XV/Assugs/AVgjpkgs/X_AedangejusVgjpkgs/Vmngs/X_AVgjpkgsAedgx.mspx

=64

•

Hjesadgrmr km pjsaoakadmd dg mprjomr uem kgy pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr (gx _gpðokahm Qunjskmvm dg Lmhgdjeam).

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Aetgesaiahmr km kmojr dg prgvgehaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms, ge pmrtahukmr kjs mousjs sgxumkgs y km vajkgeham djlástahm, lgdametg km mprjomhaøe dg uem kgy aetgnrmk pmrm prgvgear km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, msì hjlj prjpjrhajemr msastgeham y myudm pmrm km rghupgrmhaøe m kms vìhtalms (_gpðokahm dg Hjrgm).

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Mdjptmr kms lgdadms eghgsmrams, aehkuadms lgdadms kgnaskmtavms, pmrm prgvgear y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr (Emlaoam).

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_gijrzmr kms daspjsahajegs pmrm km prjtghhaøe dg km lu`gr, gspghamklgetg lgdametg km mprjomhaøe dgk prjyghtj dg kgy dgstaemdj m prgvgear km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr (Lmrrughjs).

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Xgnuar mulgetmedj kms lgdadms pmrm hjlomtar giahmzlgetg tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr (Cmzm`stíe).

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Aetgesaiahmr kjs gsiugrzjs pmrm prgvgear y hjlomtar tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, aehkuadm km vajkgeham djlástahm y kjs mousjs sgxumkgs, y mpkahmr dg ijrlm giahmz km kgnaskmhaøe mprjomdm rghagetglgetg ge gstg íloatj (Atmkam).

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Vrjljvgr kgnaskmhaøe qug grrmdaqug km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y hjlomtm km dashralaemhaøe omsmdm ge kms hrggehams rgkanajsms (Asrmgk).

•

Mprjomr kgnaskmhaøe pmrm prgvgear y tapaiahmr hjlj dgkatj tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, y prjpjrhajemr hmpmhatmhaøe y gduhmhaøe m kms iugrzms dgk jrdge m iae dg nmrmetazmr su mpkahmhaøe gightavm (Hmemdí).

•

Nmrmetazmr qug sg mprugog kgnaskmhaøe pmrm prgvgear y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr (Oáknahm).

=67

•

Vrgvgear tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms, ge pmrtahukmr kjs mousjs sgxumkgs y km vajkgeham djlástahm, getrg jtrms hjsms, lgdametg km mprjomhaøe dg uem kgy pmrm prgvgear, hmstanmr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr (Mustram) >1.

?.9 Mrtìhukjs dg km prjpugstm jranaemk qug ej iugrje aehkuadjs ge km Kgy prjluknmdm.

M hjetaeumhaøe, sg trmeshraoge kjs Mrtìhukjs ej aehkuadjs j ljdaiahmdjs qug hjeijrlmome kjs tgxtjs dg prjpugstm ge su pralgrm y ðktalm vgrsaøe dg dashusajegs metgs dg km mprjomhaøe iaemk dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ‛Dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk m kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham“. Kjs lasljs, sgnðe hjrrgspjedm, sje utakazmdjs ge gk prøxalj Hmpìtukj pmrm gk meíkasas dg hjevgehajemkadmd dg km ejrlm mprjomdm pjr hjesadgrmr su rgkgvmeham ge gk sgnualagetj dg rghjlgedmhajegs dg kjs ørnmejs dg trmtmdj. Xg prgsgetme ge pralgr kunmr mqugkkjs qug bmhìme pmrtg dgk ðktalj meíkasas pjr km Hílmrm dg Xgemdjrgs (y Xgemdjrms) dmdj qug ge gkkjs sg josgrvm gk rgsuktmdj dg km dashusaøe ge Hjlasajegs Vmrkmlgetmrams, Mudagehams Vðokahms y hmoakdgj dg km Xjhagdmd Havak Jrnmeazmdm. Vjr ðktalj, sg trmeshraoge kjs Mrtìhukjs qug bahagrje pmrtg dg km pralgrm prjpugstm y qug sg dgshmrtmrje, lmyjratmramlgetg, ge kms rjedms dg meíkasas metgrajrgs m kms hjesuktms pðokahms. ?.9.= Dg kjs hjrrgspjedagetgs m km vjtmhaøe iaemk.

Km lmyjrìm dg kjs Mrtìhukjs dgshmrtmdjs ge gstg nrupj hjrrgspjedge m hugstajegs dg gstakj, ngegrmklgetg hjesadgrmdjs rgduedmetgs pmrm gk pkgxj ejrlmtavj hjlj gk hmsj dgk Mrtìhukj 2 qug sgýmkm km hjrrgkmhaøe m hjlprjlasjs aetgremhajemkgs gspghìiahjs, gk Mrtìhukj 81 qug sgýmkm km

>1

Vmrm vgr gk aeijrlg hjlpkgtj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk m Vmrmnumy ?6=9, vámsg bttps0//www.upraeij.jrn/dmtmomsg/aedgx.pbp:kalat<6&iZXW_<=87&iZXL_
=69

hjlpgtgeham dgk iugrj pgemk pmrm mtgedgr hmsjs rgkmtavjs m vajkgeham y gk Mrtìhukj 46 qug rglmrhm km eghgsmram adjegadmd dg quagegs g`grhge km lmnastrmturm ge km lmtgram gspghìiahm. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 2¶. Aestrulgetjs Aetgremhajemkgs . Km prgsgetg Kgy tageg hjlj lmrhj rghtjr

tjdjs kjs aestrulgetjs aetgremhajemkgs dg dgrghbjs bulmejs, rmtaiahmdjs y mprjomdjs ge gk lmrhj dg km Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk, ge pmrtahukmr0 m) Km Hjevgehaøe sjorg km Gkalaemhaøe dg Tjdms kms Ijrlms dg Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr3 Kgy E¶ =?=7/29 "qug mprugom km hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr"3 o) Km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs3 Kgy E¶ =/21 "qug mprugom y rmtaiahm km hjevgehaøe mlgrahmem sjorg dgrghbjs bulmejs j pmhtj dg Xme @jsá dg Hjstm _ahm"3 h) Km Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj3 Kgy E¶ 7>/16 "qug mprugom y rmtaiahm km hjevgehaøe dg kms emhajegs ueadms sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dgk eaýj"3 d) Hjevgehaøe hjetrm km tjrturm y jtrjs trmtjs j pgems hrugkgs, aebulmejs j dgnrmdmetgs3 kgy E¶ 91/16 "qug mprugom y rmtaiahm gk mhugrdj pmrm km suprgsaøe dg vasms ge kjs pmsmpjrtgs dapkjlítahjs, jiahamkgs y dg sgrvahaj, sushratj getrg kjs njoagrejs dg km rgpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy y km rgpðokahm dg Ygegzugkm(sah) 26"3 g) Gk hjevgeaj =91 dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe Aetgremhajemk dgk Trmom`j (JAT) sjorg pugokjs aedìngems y traomkgs ge pmìsgs aedgpgedagetgs0 Kgy E¶ ?84/18 "qug mprugom gk Hjevgeaj E¶ =91 sjorg pugokjs aedìngems y traomkgs ge pmìsgs aedgpgedagetgs, mdjptmdj durmetg km >9ª. Hjeigrgeham aetgremhajemk dgk trmom`j, hgkgormdm ge naegorm gk > dg ùeaj dg =121"3 i) Km Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr3 Kgy e¶ 967/17 "qug mprugom km Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrm'"

26

Gk tgxtj dg prjpugstm prgsgetmdj mk Hjenrgsj dg km Emhaøe hugetm hje ue grrjr djhulgetmk ym qug bmhg rgigrgeham m uem Kgy dastaetm m km rgigradm ym qug Hjevgehaøe hjetrm km tjrturm iug mprjomdm om`j gk eðlgrj dg Kgy 91 dg =121 (Vrjluknmdm gk ?6 dg dahaglorg dg =121 y puokahmdm gk ?8 dg gegrj dg =116).

=6>

n) n) Hjevgehaøe pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg Tjdms kms Ijrlms dg Dashralaemhaøe _mhamk3 Kgy E¶ ?=?2/68 "qug mprugom km Hjevgehaøe aetgremhajemk sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe rmhamk"3 b) Gk Vrjtjhjkj pmrm Vrgvgear, _gpralar y Xmehajemr km Trmtm dg Vgrsjems, gspghamklgetg Lu`grgs y Eaýjs (Vrjtjhjkj dg Vmkgrlj)3 Kgy E¶ ?819/64 "qug mprugom gk prjtjhjkj pmrm prgvgear, rgpralar y smehajemr km trmtm dg pgrsjems gspghamklgetg lu`grgs y eaýjs qug hjlpkglgetm km hjevgehaøe dg kms emhajegs ueadms hjetrm km dgkaehugeham jrnmeazmdm trmesemhajemk"3 a) Dglís aestrulgetjs aetgremhajemkgs aehjrpjrmdjs mk jrdgemlagetj ùrìdahj pmrmnumyj ge hulpkalagetj mk Mrtìhukj =4= dg km Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 81¶. Km @urasdahhaøe Vgemk. Km ùrasdahhaøe pgemk jrdaemram sgrí hjlpgtgetg

pmrm getgedgr ge kjs bghbjs pueaokgs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 46¶. Adjegadmd pmrm gk G`grhahaj dg km Lmnastrmturm. Gk Hjesg`j dg kms

Lmnastrmturm dgogrí aehkuar hjlj rgquasatj pmrm gk g`grhahaj dg km lmnastrmturm km ijrlmhaøe ge dgrghbjs bulmejs pmrm tjdjs kjs hmrnjs ge hjehursj. Km Gshugkm @udahamk dgk Vmrmnumy dgogrí aehkuar ge gk hurrìhukul dg ijrlmhaøe ngegrmk pmrm lmnastrmdjs uem hítgdrm gspghamkazmdm ge dgrghbjs bulmejs y km mpkahmhaøe dg km prgsgetg Kgy.

Jtrj Mrtìhukj dgshmrtmdj om`j gk mrnulgetj dg qug hjrrgspjedg m ue dgogr aedavadumk dg hmdm aestatuhaøe dg ørnmej dgk Gstmdj km hrgmhaøe dg hmdm prgsupugstj sgnðe sus eghgsadmdgs, gs gk qug jokanmom km hrgmhaøe kjs rghursjs ghjeølahjs eghgsmrajs pmrm uem giahmz y giahagetg mpkahmhaøe dg km Kgy. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 89¶. - Ijedj Gspghamk dg Vrjljhaøe dg Vjkìtahms pmrm km Grrmdahmhaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr . Hrámsg gk Ijedj Gspghamk dg Vrjljhaøe dg Vjkìtahms pmrm km

Grrmdahmhaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr, pmrm km mdlaeastrmhaøe dg kjs rghursjs jotgeadjs pjr kms =62

smehajegs ghjeølahms alpugstms pjr bghbjs pueaokgs hjlgtadjs ge gk lmrhj dg km prgsgetg Kgy, tmkgs hjlj kms luktms y kms pgems pmtraljeamkgs, kms qug aenrgsmríe mk Vrgsupugstj Ngegrmk dg km Emhaøe. Gk Laeastgraj dg Bmhagedm dgogrí trmesigrar dahbjs ljetjs dg lmegrm ìetgnrm mk Ijedj Gspghamk dg Vrjljhaøe dg Vjkìtahms dg Grrmdahmhaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr. Gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr mdlaeastrmrí kjs rghursjs dgk Ijedj, om`j gk ljeatjrgj dg km Lgsm Aetgraestatuhajemk dg Vrgvgehaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr. Kjs rghursjs dgk Ijedj sgríe prajratmramlgetg dgstaemdjs pmrm km mtgehaøe darghtm dg lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham, prjvgyáedjkgs dg aesuljs dg prjtghhaøe y jtrms bgrrmlagetms eghgsmrams pmrm gk rgsnumrdj dg su aetgnradmd iìsahm y psìquahm, msì hjlj jtrjs iaegs dg prgvgehaøe ge ngegrmk.

?.9.? Hjrrgspjedagetgs m km prjpugstm jranaemk.

Ge gstg mpmrtmdj sg trmeshraoge y memkazme kjs mrtìhukjs hjrrgspjedagetgs m km prjpugstm jranaemk qug iugrje dgshmrtmdjs dgk meíkasas dg kms daigrgetgs Hjlasajegs Vmrkmlgetmrams getrg lmrzj dgk mýj ?6=7 y ejvaglorg dgk mýj ?6=9. Xg josgrvme trgs nrupjs gspghìiahjs0 =. Kjs rgkmtavjs m km gstruhturm mdlaeastrmtavm, ùrasdahhajemk y iaemehamrm dgk Gstmdj3 Mrtìhukjs0 ?9, 8=, 8?, 42, 76, 9?. ?. Kjs rgkmtavjs m km smehaøe pgemk y qug iugrm sjkahatmdj qug sgm dgravmdm km dashusaøe m km Hjlasaøe dg _gijrlm dgk Hødanj Vgemk3 Mrtìhukjs0 41, 96, 97-28. 8. Kjs qug sg gehugetrme gspghamklgetg vaehukmdjs m km tgjrìm dg náegrj y tgjrìm sgxjnáegrj, qug, hjlj sg sgýmkm ge km pralgrm pmrtg dg gstg Hmpìtukj AA sje iuedmlgetmkgs pmrm gstmokghgr gk lmrhj hjehgptumk dg aetgrprgtmhaøe g alpkglgetmhaøe dg km ejrlm. Gstjs sje kjs Mrtìhukjs 86 y ge hagrtm lgdadm gk >8 ge tmetj rgiagrg m km smehaøe dg km pgrpgtuadmd dg gstgrgjtapjs dg náegrj ge lmtgramkgs dadíhtahjs. =61

Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj ?9. Laeastgraj dgk Aetgrajr y Laeastgraj dg Dgigesm. Gk Laeastgraj dgk

Aetgrajr y gk Laeastgraj dg Dgigesm Emhajemk sje rgspjesmokgs dg0 m) Mdghumr kms ejrlmtavms dg km Vjkahìm Emhajemk y dg kms Iugrzms Mrlmdms m km prgsgetg Kgy, ge gk lmrhj dg km Hjestatuhaøe y kjs aestrulgetjs aetgremhajemkgs dg dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs. o) _gvasmr kjs prjhgdalagetjs y lghmeasljs dg hjetrjk pmrm nmrmetazmr qug ge prjhgsjs jpgrmtavjs j humkquagr aetgrvgehaøe lakatmr j pjkahamk sg rgspgtge kjs dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs, ge gspghamk km vadm y km aetgnradmd, gvatmedj gk usj aeeghgsmraj dg km iugrzm. h) Hrgmr Darghhajegs dg Gquadmd dg Náegrj dgetrj dgk Laeastgraj dg Dgigesm y dgk Laeastgraj dgk Aetgrajr, gehmrnmdms dg rgmkazmr gstudajs g aevgstanmhajegs sjorg km mpkahmhaøe gightavm dg kms pjkìtahms dg anumkdmd dg náegrj ge kms Iugrzms Mrlmdms y km Vjkahìm Emhajemk. d) Trmesvgrsmkazmr gk geijqug dg náegrj ge km ijrlmhaøe y hmpmhatmhaøe m kms y kjs iuehajemrajs lakatmrgs y pjkahamkgs, aehkuygedj ge km lmkkm hurrahukmr dg ijrlmhaøe lmtgrams gspghìiahms sjorg km prjtghhaøe m kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham ge hjeikahtjs mrlmdjs, satumhajegs dg hrasas, glgrngeham y gstmdjs dg gxhgphaøe. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 86. Dg km prjljhaøe dg km pgrspghtavm dg náegrj ge km gduhmhaøe supgrajr. Kms Weavgrsadmdgs pðokahms y pravmdms dgogríe prjljvgr g aehjrpjrmr km pgrspghtavm dg

náegrj ge sus lmkkms hurrahukmrgs, ge gspghamk ge kms imhuktmdgs dg psahjkjnìm, lgdahaem, dgrghbj, hagehams sjhamkgs, hagehams pjkìtahms y hjlueahmhaøe sjhamk, kj humk sgrí aedaspgesmokg pmrm jotgegr km mhrgdatmhaøe aestatuhajemk dg gduhmhaøe supgrajr. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 8=. Vjkìtahms y _ghursjs. Gk Gstmdj alpkglgetmrí pjkìtahms, gstrmtgnams y

mhhajegs prajratmrams pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs m trmvás dg kjs dastaetjs Laeastgrajs y Xghrgtmrìms dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj, Getgs Mutøejljs, ùrasdahhajegs dgk Vjdgr @udahamk dgshgetrmkazmdms m eavgk hmpatmk, dgpmrtmlgetmk y lueahapmk, ueavgrsadmdgs y jrnmeazmhajegs dg km sjhagdmd havak hje hjlpgtgeham ge km lmtgram.

==6

Kjs Vjdgrgs dgk Gstmdj y tjdms kms aestatuhajegs pðokahms emhajemkgs y dgshgetrmkazmdms, ge gk lmrhj dg sus rgspgtavms hjlpgtgehams, mtraouhajegs y iuehajegs, aehjrpjrmríe ge sus gstrmtgnams, pkmeaiahmhaøe quaequgemk y jpgrmtavm meumk y prgsupugstmram, kms mhhajegs y kjs rghursjs suiahagetgs y eghgsmrajs pmrm km mpkahmhaøe dg km prgsgetg Kgy. Gk Vjdgr G`ghutavj m trmvás dgk Laeastgraj dg Bmhagedm y gk Vjdgr Kgnaskmtavj aehkuaríe ge gk Vrgsupugstj Ngegrmk dg km Emhaøe dg hmdm mýj kjs rghursjs eghgsmrajs pmrm gk hulpkalagetj dg kjs lmedmtjs dg gstm Kgy. Kms pjkìtahms pðokahms mdjptmdms hjeijrlg m gstm Kgy tagege hmríhtgr vaehukmetg pmrm tjdjs kjs ørnmejs dg km Mdlaeastrmhaøe Vðokahm, dgetrj dg sus rgspghtavjs íloatjs dg hjlpgtgeham. Gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr, hjlj ørnmej rghtjr, hjjrdaemrí mhhajegs hje tjdms kms aestmehams pðokahms y dg km sjhagdmd havak pmrm gk hulpkalagetj dg km Kgy. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 8?. Trmesvgrsmkazmhaøe y Hjjrdaemhaøe. Kms pjkìtahms gstmtmkgs y pkmegs

emhajemkgs aehkuaríe lgdadms g aedahmdjrgs daranadjs m lg`jrmr km satumhaøe dg kms lu`grgs pmrm nmrmetazmr gk g`grhahaj pkgej dg tjdjs sus dgrghbjs. Kms pjkìtahms, lgdadms y mhhajegs pmrm km prgvgehaøe, mtgehaøe y prjtghhaøe ge hmsjs dg vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs prgvastms ge gstm Kgy y jtrms qug sg hjesadgrge eghgsmrams pmrm su alpkglgetmhaøe sgríe hjjrdaemdms hje gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr. Gs jokanmhaøe dg tjdms kms aestatuhajegs pðokahms daiuedar km prgsgetg Kgy, ljeatjrgmr su hulpkalagetj y hmpmhatmr m su pgrsjemk. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 42. @uznmdjs dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham. Kjs @uznmdjs dg km @urasdahhaøe

Gspghamkazmdm dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham sje hjlpgtgetgs pmrm dahtmr lgdadms hmutgkmrgs y dg prjtghhaøe pgrsjemk hje mrrgnkj m gstm Kgy, hjehjrdmetg hje kj daspugstj ge gk Hødanj dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham, humedj sg trmtg dg eaýjs/ms y mdjkgshgetgs qug suirme vajkgeham.

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Kjs @uznmdjs dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham dgoge rglatar kms mhtumhajegs m km Weadmd Iashmk qug hjrrgspjedm, ge gk pkmzj dg vgaetahumtrj bjrms, m iae dg qug sg aeahag y prjsanm gk prjhgsj pgemk qug hjrrgspjedm. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 41. Km @urasdahhaøe Vgemk. Km ùrasdahhaøe pgemk jrdaemram sgrí hjlpgtgetg

pmrm getgedgr ge kjs bghbjs pueaokgs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs gstmokghadjs ge km prgsgetg Kgy. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 76. Adjegadmd pmrm gk g`grhahaj dg km Lmnastrmturm. Gk Hjesg`j dg kms

Lmnastrmturm dgogrí aehkuar hjlj rgquasatj pmrm gk g`grhahaj dg km lmnastrmturm km ijrlmhaøe ge náegrj y dgrghbjs bulmejs pmrm tjdjs kjs hmrnjs ge hjehursj. Km Gshugkm @udahamk dgk Vmrmnumy dgogrí aehkuar ge gk hurrìhukul dg ijrlmhaøe ngegrmk pmrm lmnastrmdjs uem hítgdrm gspghamkazmdm ge náegrj, dgrghbjs bulmejs y km mpkahmhaøe dg km prgsgetg Kgy. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 96.- Vrugoms qug aevjkuhrge m eaýjs, eaýms y mdjkgshgetgs. Kms getrgvastms,

kjs gxílgegs, kms mudagehams y jtrms dakangehams dg aevgstanmhaøe qug aevjkuhrge m eaýjs, eaýms y mdjkgshgetgs hjlj vìhtalms j tgstanjs dgoge kkgvmrsg m hmoj hje pgrsjemk prjigsajemk gspghamkazmdj, y sg dgoge rgmkazmr ge ue getjrej mdghumdj, qug gk eaýj, eaým j mdjkgshgetg hjlprgedm. Vjdrí daspjegrsg km utakazmhaøe dg km Hílmrm Ngssgk y m sjkahatud dgk eaýj, eaým j mdjkgshgetg pjdrí rgmkazmrsg ge prgsgeham dg uem pgrsjem mduktm rgspjesmokg gkgnadm pjr gk eaýj, eaým j mdjkgshgetg, saglprg qug ej sgm gk prgsuetj vahtalmraj. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 9?.- Durmhaøe dg kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe. Gk ùznmdj dgog dgtgrlaemr,

sgnðe kms harhuestmehams dgk hmsj y kjs imhtjrgs dg ragsnj, km durmhaøe dg kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe. Wem vgz iarlg km rgsjkuhaøe qug alpjeg kms lgdadms, gstms søkj hgsmríe uem vgz qug sg bmym hulpkadj gk pkmzj pjr gk humk iugrje alpugstms. Ge hmsj dg qug gxastme eugvjs bghbjs dg vajkgeham, sg pjdrí sjkahatmr eugvms lgdadms j qug kms dahtmdms sgme ljdaiahmdms.

==?

Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 97. Yajkgeham iìsahm hjetrm km lu`gr. Gk qug, hjlj lmeaigstmhaøe dg

vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr j laglorjs dg su eðhkgj imlakamr, hmusg kgsaøe, sgrí smehajemdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg djs m sgas mýjs. Humedj hjlj rgsuktmdj dg km mhhaøe sg prjdu`grm uem kgsaøe nrmvg, sg mpkahmrí gk lmrhj pgemk gstmokghadj ge gk mrt. ==? dgk Hødanj Vgemk. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 99. Yajkgeham psahjkønahm hjetrm km lu`gr. Gk qug, hjlj lmeaigstmhaøe dg

vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr j laglorjs dg su eðhkgj imlakamr, dgsvmkjrahg, bulakkg, aetaladg, prgsajeg, bjstanug, pgrsanm, aesuktg, mlgemhg, hjetrjkg j vanakg gk hjlpjrtmlagetj dg km lu`gr, hmusíedjkg dmýj psìquahj, sgrí smehajemdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm trgs mýjs j luktm. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 9>. Aeduhhaøe, prjljhaøe y imvjrghalagetj dg mhtjs sgxumkgs j grøtahjs pjr lgdajs tgkglítahjs. Gk qug, lgdametg km utakazmhaøe dg lgdajs tgkglítahjs, sgme aeijrlítahjs j

dg jtrj tapj, y sae gk hjesgetalagetj dg km vìhtalm puokahmrm, dastraouygrm j gevamrm alíngegs j mudajs dg uem lu`gr lmyjr dg daghajhbj mýjs ge mhtjs sgxumkgs j grøtahjs, sgrí smehajemdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm djs mýjs. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 92. Yajkgeham ghjeølahm. Gk høeyung, hjevavagetg j quage sg gehjetrmsg ge

uem satumhaøe meíkjnm dg mightavadmd j aetaladmd hje uem lu`gr, sgrí smehajemdj hje pgem dg ? m 7 mýjs sa aehurragsg ge kjs sanuagetgs mhtjs ge rgkmhaøe m su pmrg`m j hjevavagetg0 m) Lgejshmog, kalatg j rgstrae`m km kaorg daspjsahaøe dgk aenrgsj ghjeølahj. o) Dgstruym u jhuktg djhulgetjs ùstaiahmtavjs dg djlaeaj, dg adgetaiahmhaøe pgrsjemk, tìtukjs prjigsajemkgs j oagegs, jo`gtjs pgrsjemkgs, aestrulgetjs dg trmom`j dg km lu`gr qug kg sgme aedaspgesmokgs pmrm g`ghutmr sus mhtavadmdgs bmoatumkgs. h) _gstrae`m j supralm gk hulpkalagetj dg sus jokanmhajegs ghjeølahms imlakamrgs qug pjenme ge ragsnj gk oagegstmr dg su høeyung j hjevavagetg, ba`ms g ba`js, hjlj lgdaj pmrm sjlgtgr km vjkuetmd dg km lu`gr. d) Alpadm qug km lu`gr rgmkahg uem mhtavadmd kmojrmk j prjduhtavm qug kg ngegrg aenrgsjs.

==8

g) Alpadm, kalatg j prjbìom gk usj, gk dasirutg, km mdlaeastrmhaøe, km trmesijrlmhaøe, j km daspjsahaøe dg uej j vmrajs dg sus oagegs prjpajs3 j i) Daspjenm ueakmtgrmklgetg dg kms nmemehams dgravmdms dg uem mhtavadmd ghjeølahm imlakamr, j daspjenm dg gkkms pmrm su gxhkusavj ogegiahaj pgrsjemk ge pgrùahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs dg su høeyung j hjevavagetg. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 91. Mhjsj ge gk íloatj dgk trmom`j, gshjkmr j gspmhajs pðokahjs. Gk qug

hjlgtm mhtj, lmeaigstmhaøe, aehadgetg j hjeduhtm aedavadumk j hjkghtavm, ðeahm j pgrsastgetg, qug aeiuedm lagdj, aetaladmhaøe, tgrrjr j menustam, hmusmedj dmýj m km daneadmd dg uem lu`gr, ym sgm ge gk íloatj dgk trmom`j, gshjkmr j gspmhaj pðokahj y gkkj mightg iìsahm j psahjkønahmlgetg m km lu`gr, sgrí smehajemdj hje pgem dg trgshagetjs dìms luktm. Xa hjlj rgsuktmdj dg km mhhaøe sg prjdu`grm uem kgsaøe nrmvg, sg mpkahmrí gk lmrhj pgemk gstmokghadj ge gk mrt. ==? dgk Hødanj Vgemk. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj >6. Mhjsj y vajkgeham pjkìtahm. Gk qug, darghtm j aedarghtmlgetg hjedahajeg,

prgsajeg, pgrsanm, bjstanug, mlgemhg j g`grzm vajkgeham iìsahm j sahjkønahm ge hjetrm dg uem lu`gr hmedadmtm, gkghtm, dgsanemdm j ge gk g`grhahaj dg ue hmrnj pjkìtahj ‘ pðokahj, pjr su hjedahaøe dg lu`gr, j ge hjetrm dg sus imlakamrgs, hje humkquagrm dg kjs sanuagetgs iaegs0 m) Vgrsumdarkm u jokanmrkm m prgsgetmr su rgeueham m km hmedadmturm, hmrnj j iuehaøe qug dgsglpgým. o) Alpgdarkg j rgstraenarkg gk hulpkalagetj dg sus mtraouhajegs y iuehajegs aebgrgetgs m su hmrnj j mutjradmd. h) Aeduharkm u jokanmrkm m km rgmkazmhaøe dg mhtjs hjetrmrajs m kms Kgygs j hjetrmrajs m sus kgnìtalms mtraouhajegs j iuehajegs. d) Alpjegrkg km rgmkazmhaøe dg mhtavadmdgs y tmrgms m`gems m kms iuehajegs y mtraouhajegs prjpams dgk hmrnj j iuehaøe pjkìtahj-pðokahm. g) Xgrí smehajemdj hje pgem dg bmstm trgshagetjs dìms luktm.

==4

Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj >=. Vuokahadmd kgsavm. Gk qug prjduzhm, meuehag j daiuedm pjr humkquagr

lgdaj dg hjlueahmhaøe alprgsj, mudajvasumk, tgkglítahj u jtrj, hje iaegs hjlgrhamkgs j puokahatmrajs, almnge dg km lu`gr qug km prgsgetg hjlj jo`gtj sgxumk j dg hjesulj, vaehukmdj mk prjduhtj qug sg prgtgedg prjljhajemr, sgrí smehajemdj hje bmstm trgshagetjs dìms-luktm y hje km pgem mdahajemk dg puokahmhaøe dg sgetgeham, m hjstm dgk hjedgemdj. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj >?. Davuknmhaøe dg gesgýmezms dashralaemtjrams bmham kms lu`grgs. Gk qug,

ge gk sastglm dg gduhmhaøe pðokahm j pravmdm, aestruygrm j davuknmrm gesgýmezms qug dgnrmdme m km lu`gr, qug ijlgetge gk jdaj j dgsprghaj bmham km lu`gr gxpkaquge j ùstaiaquge km vajkgeham j dg humkquagr lmegrm mtgetge hjetrm su daneadmd bulmem, sgrí smehajemdj hje sgsgetm m hagetj vgaetg dìms- luktm, y hje km pgem mdahajemk dg puokahmhaøe dg sgetgeham m hjstm dgk hjedgemdj. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj >8. Vrjduhhaøe y davuknmhaøe dg lmtgramk dadíhtahj sgxastm. ]uage

prjdu`grm j davuknmrm lmtgramk dadíhtahj j dg gesgýmezm qug msaneg, alpjenm j rgiugrhg gstgrgjtapjs dg rjkgs pmrm kms lu`grgs sgrí smehajemdj hje trgaetm m ejvgetm dìms -luktm, y hje km pgem mdahajemk dg puokahmhaøe dg sgetgeham m hjstm dgk hjedgemdj. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj >4. Davuknmhaøe dg dmtjs rgsgrvmdjs. Gk qug aetgehajemklgetg j pjr

egnkangeham prjpjrhajemrm, davuknmrm j imhakatmrm km jotgehaøe dg kjs dmtjs dg adgetaiahmhaøe j hjetmhtj dg uem lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham j dg ue tgstanj, sgrí smehajemdj hje sgsgetm m ejvgetm dìmsluktm. Xa hjlj hjesghugeham dgk bghbj sg buoagrg prjpahamdj eugvjs mhtjs dg vajkgeham, km smehaøe sgrí dg hagetj jhbgetm dìms luktm. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj >7. Jlasaøe dg dgogrgs pjr mngetgs pðokahjs. Gk qug, aevastagedj iuehaøe j

glpkgj pðokahj, j sagedj mngetg pðokahj, aetgehajemklgetg j pjr egnkangeham aehurrm ge hjeduhtm jlasavm dg kjs dgogrgs y jokanmhajegs qug kg alpjeg gstm Kgy, sgrí smehajemdm hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm haehj mýjs. ==7

Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj >9. Lmktrmtj y egnmhaøe dg sgrvahajs. Gk qug aehurragrm ge mhtjs u jlasajegs

dgetrj dg uem aestatuhaøe pðokahm, qug aeùstm g akgnìtalmlgetg alpadme m uem lu`gr gk mhhgsj m sgrvahajs pðokahjs j qug, ge km prgstmhaøe dg ástjs, kg mnrgdagrm vgromklgetg j kg oraedg ue trmtj bulakkmetg, sgrí smehajemdj hje sgsgetm m ejvgetm dìms-luktm. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj >>. Jigesms pðokahms m km daneadmd. Gk qug m trmvás dg gxprgsajegs vgromkgs

j gshratms dgshmkaiahmrg, dgsvmkjrazmrg, dgnrmdmrg j mightmrg km daneadmd dg kms lu`grgs ge ijrlm pðokahm, sgrí smehajemdj hje ejvgetm dìms-luktm. Xa gk mhtj sg hjlgtagrg lgdametg lgesm`gs pðokahjs dg mutjradmdgs, iuehajemrajs j pmrtahukmrgs qug gxpkaquge, ùstaiaquge j prjlugvme km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs j su dashralaemhaøe ge humkquagr íloatj, km smehaøe sgrí dg hagetj jhbgetm dìms- luktm y hje km pgem mdahajemk dg puokahmhaøe dg sgetgeham m hjstm dgk hjedgemdj. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj >2. Aehulpkalagetj dg lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe. Gk qug aehulpkm uem j

vmrams lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe dahtmdms pjr km mutjradmd hjlpgtgetg, dgetrj dg ue prjhgsj dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, aehurrarí ge gk bghbj pueaokg dg dgsmhmtj. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj >1. Yajkgeham sgxumk. Gk qug aehurrm ge bghbjs dg vajkgeham sgxumk sgrí

smehajemdj hjeijrlg m kms ejrlms dgk Hødanj Vgemk gstmokghadms ge gk Hmpìtukj Y ‛Bghbjs Vueaokgs hjetrm km mutjejlìm Xgxumk“ y mquákkjs bghbjs pueaokgs dg hmríhtgr sgxumk dgshratjs ge gk Hmpìtukj YA ‛Bghbjs pueaokgs hjetrm Eaýjs y Mdjkgshgetgs“. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 26. _gpmrmhaøe dgk dmýj. Gk mutjr dg ue bghbj dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms

lu`grgs sg hjestatuyg ge rgspjesmokg havak pjr kjs dmýjs y pgrùahajs jhmsajemdjs3 gstjs sg hjestatuyge ge0 m) Km rgpmrmhaøe dgk dmýj lmtgramk. Hjrrgspjedg m km párdadm j dgtralgetj dg kjs aenrgsjs dg kms lu`grgs qug suiragrje vajkgeham y ge su hmsj dg sus dgpgedagetgs, kjs nmstjs glgrngetgs hjlj rgsuktmdj dg km vajkgeham suiradm y kms hjesghugehams dg hmríhtgr pghueamraj qug tgenme ue egxj hmusmk hje kjs bghbjs dgk hmsj. ==9

o) Km aedgleazmhaøe pjr dmýj ljrmk. Mqugk qug ej tageg hmríhtgr ghjeølahj pmtraljeamk, sg rgiagrg m kms hjesghugehams psahjkønahms suiradms pjr km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham j pjr sus dgpgedagetgs. Ge tjdjs kjs hmsjs, gk Gstmdj pjdrí rgpgtar ge hjetrm dg km pgrsjem mnrgsjrm kjs nmstjs rgmkazmdjs pmrm km prjtghhaøe dg km vìhtalm, tmkgs hjlj hjstjs dg sgrvahajs ge kms Hmsms dg Mhjnadm, hjstjs dg aesuljs dg sgnuradmd oraedmdjs y jtrjs. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 2=. Xmehajegs ge gk hjehursj pgemk. Km mpkahmhaøe dg kms smehajegs prgvastms

ge gstm Kgy pmrm bghbjs pueaokgs dgog tjlmr ge hugetm km hjlasaøe dg jtrjs bghbjs pueaokgs hjetglpkmdjs ge km kgnaskmhaøe pgemk, sgnðe kms rgnkms dgk hjehursj prgvastms ge gk mrtìhukj >6 dgk Hødanj Vgemk. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 2?. Vgem mktgremtavm. Ge kjs bghbjs pueaokgs huyms pgems ej supgrge kjs djs mýjs dg pravmhaøe dg kaogrtmd, gk @uznmdj pugdg ia`mr ge km hjedgem uem pgem mktgremtavm m km pgem

praehapmk hjesastgetg ge km prgstmhaøe dg trmom`js hjlueatmrajs, pmrtahapmr ge prjnrmlms ijrlmtavjs, kmojrmkgs, dg gduhmhaøe, hukturmkgs, y jtrjs salakmrgs, msì hjlj gk trmtmlagetj psahjkønahj. Gstj sjkj pjdrí sgr alpugstj sa lgdamrm gk hjesgetalagetj dgk hjedgemdj. Gk trmom`j hjlueatmraj hjesastg ge km prgstmhaøe nrmtuatm dg trmom`js ge imvjr dg km hjlueadmd j dgk Gstmdj, qug sg dgog hulpkar iugrm dgk bjrmraj kmojrmk rgnukmr dgk hjedgemdj y dg mhugrdj hje su prjigsaøe, jiahaj u jhupmhaøe. Km prgstmhaøe ej pugdg aevjkuhrmr mhtavadmdgs rgkanajsms j hjeigsajemkgs. Mhrgdatmdj gk hulpkalagetj dg km pgem mktgremtavm, sg dgog dghkmrmr gxtaenuadm km pgem praehapmk. Gk aehulpkalagetj dg km pgem mktgremtavm prjvjhmrí km aeahamhaøe dg km g`ghuhaøe dg km pgem praehapmk. Vrjpugstm dg Mrtìhukj 28. Mtgeumetgs y hmusms dg aealputmoakadmd. Ge kjs prjhgsjs pjr bghbjs

pueaokgs hjlgtadjs pjr lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham, sg tjlmrí ge hugetm hjlj mtgeumetg gk

==>

hjetgxtj dg vajkgeham ge qug sg buoagrg hjlgtadj gk akìhatj, sg mpkahmríe tmloaáe, sgnðe hjrrgspjedm, kms hmusmkgs dg aealputmoakadmd prgvastms ge gk Hødanj Vgemk.

?.> Dgshraphaøe dg km Bapøtgsas.

Km bapøtgsas bm sadj hjestruadm hjesadgrmedj qug gk lmrhj ejrlmtavj, y gspghamklgetg sjhamk qug sg vaehukm m km hugstaøe dg dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs ge Vmrmnumy gs suiahagetg pmrm bmogr kjnrmdj pgrlgmr mk pjdgr pjkìtahj trmdahajemkastm y sì gs pjsaokg hjetmr hje uem pralgrm Kgy Aetgnrmk dg prjtghhaøe m tjdms kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham ge gk pmìs, ge gk lmrhj dg kjs hjlprjlasjs aetgremhajemkgs msuladjs. M kj kmrnj dg gstg hmpìtukj, sg bme hjlpmrtadj km gxtgesm y vmramdm sgrag dg ejrlms dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe y rghjlgedmhajegs qug surnge dg sus ørnmejs dg trmtmdj ge lmtgram dg, hjlj kj sgýmkm gk Mrtìhukj 8 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 qug sg memkazmrí ge gk Hmpìtukj AAA, sg mpkahm ‛kms lu`grgs, sae eaenðe tapj dg dashralaemhaøe, irgetg m mhtjs u jlasajegs qug alpkaquge humkquagr tapj dg vajkgeham“. ?.>.= Bapøtgsas.

Gk tgxtj iaemk dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 dg ‛Vrjtghhaøe aetgnrmk m kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham“ ej rgikg`m kjs mvmehgs ge gk dashursj dg prjtghhaøe dg dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs rgkmtavjs m Vmrmnumy ge rgkmhaøe mk hjetrjk dg hjevgehajemkadmd, aehkuygedj kms rghjlgedmhajegs y jtrms bgrrmlagetms dg sjit-kmw mpkahmokgs. ?.>.? Bapøtgsas mktgremtavm.

Xì sg aehjrpjrme kjs praehapajs, pmutms y rghjlgedmhajegs hjevgehajemkgs y dgravmdms dg kjs ørnmejs dg trmtmdjs y gspghamkazmdjs ge km rgdmhhaøe y jo`gtj dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9.

==2

Hmpìtukj AAA - Lmrhj lgtjdjkønahj.

Xg utakazmrí hjlj lmrhj lgtjdjkønahj ue prjhgsj dg bgrlgeáutahm ùrìdahm ge djs imsgs, km pralgrm pmrm km adgetaiahmhaøe dg kms ejrlms rgkgvmetgs m sgr hjlpmrmdms ge iuehaøe hje su rgkgvmeham irgetg mk jo`gtj dg km Kgy, y km sgnuedm, pmrm gk meíkasas ae gxtgesj dg km hjevgehajemkadmd y km ngegrmhaøe dg rghjlgedmhajegs. 8.= Dasgýj y geijqug dg km aevgstanmhaøe.

Gk dasgýj dg gstm aevgstanmhaøe gs dg tapj ej gxpgralgetmk, dmdj qug ej sg lmeapukme mroatrmramlgetg vmramokgs, y pmrm kj humk sg josgrvme kjs bghbjs y djhulgetjs ijrlmkgs qug bmhge pmrtg dg hugrpj ùrìdahj y sg memkazme hjetrmstmedj km aeijrlmhaøe jotgeadm ge getrgvastms qug sg rgmkazmríe m mk lgejs uem pgrsjem dgk gquapj prjpjegetg, uem pgrsjem rgigrgetg dgk ljvalagetj sjhamk dg lu`grgs, uem pgrsjem rgigrgetg y tjlmdjrm dg dghasajegs ge gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr (Vjdgr G`ghutavj) y uem pgrsjem rgigrgetg y tjlmdjrm dg dghasajegs dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham (Vjdgr @udahamk). Hjlj hjesghugeham, su geijqug gs humkatmtavj, rgsuktmdj dg km josgrvmhaøe bjkìstahm dg km rgmkadmd qug rgprgsgetm gk sastglm ùrìdahj y kgnmk dg rgspugstm aestatuhajemk m km vajkgeham qug suirge kms lu`grgs ge gk sastglm ùrìdahj pmrmnumyj y su aetgrprgtmhaøe, dgsmrrjkkmedj hjehgptjs y hjlprgesajegs m pmrtar dgk meíkasas ejrlmtavj, mrhbavjs y getrgvastms. Xg utakazm km táheahm humkatmtavm tgeagedj hjlj omsg gpastgljkønahm km igejlgejkjnìm g bastjrahadmd vaehukmdm m km gvjkuhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs, aehkuygedj km pgrspghtavm dg rgigrgetgs, hje áeimsas ge km dgshraphaøe y hjlprgesaøe aetgrprgtmtavm dg ejrlms emhajemkgs g aetgremhajemkgs, dgk sjit-kmw vaehukmdj y dg kms rghjlgedmhajegs y sgetgehams3 dg meíkasas aetgrprgtmtavj y mkhmehg humkatmtavj.

==1

Tmokm 9 - Tmokm dg prgnuetm s dg aevgstanmhaøe m rgigrgetgs hkmvgs.

Vrgnuetm dg aevgstanmhaøe

Vrgnuetms nuìm m rgigrgetgs hkmvg

ºHølj sg rgikg`me ge km Kgy 7>>>/=9 kjs hjlprjlasjs msuladjs metg gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs rgkmtavjs m km prjtghhaøe dg kms lu`grgs ge su davgrsadmd y kms eaýms, m km vajkgeham omsmdm ge kjs praehapajs y pgrspghtavm dg náegrj, dgrghbjs bulmejs y hahkj dg vadm:

ºHuík iug gk rjk dg km aestmeham qug rgprgsgetm ge gk prjhgsj vaehukmdj m km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9: Dg mhugrdj m su gxpgrageham0 - ºpjdrìm hjlpmrtar su pmrghgr mk rgspghtj dgk eavgk dg aehjrpjrmhaøe dg hjlprjlasjs aetgremhajemkgs dg DDBB ge gk tgxtj dg km lgehajemdm Kgy: - ºhjesadgrm qug sg gstmokghge j aehkuyge mspghtjs dg sghtjrgs gspghìiahjs dg lu`grgs m su hratgraj (hjlj ge gk hmsj dg lu`grgs aedìngems, lu`grgs hje dashmpmhadmd, lu`grgs pjkìtahms, lu`grgs rurmkgs, gth.): sa sì, ºdg quá lmegrm: - ºhølj gs pjsaokg dghar qug gstm Kgy prjtgng kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs ge su davgrsadmd:

Ge gk hmsj dgk Vjdgr @udahamk0 ºdg qug lmegrm hjesadgrm qug kms rgsjkuhajegs ùdahamkgs hjlpkglgetme j pugdge hjetraouar hje miamezmr hjlprjlasjs aetgremhajemkgs vaehukmdjs m kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs: Ge gk hmsj dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj0 ºhuíkgs sje kjs mspghtjs vaehukmdjs m hjlprjlasjs aetgremhajemkgs m kjs qug km Kgy rgspjedg darghtmlgetg y dg lmegrm prajratmram m su hratgraj:

-

ºHølj gk Gstmdj Vmrmnumyj bm pjdadj aehjrpjrmr km gxpgrageham dgk sastglm aetgremhajemk dg prjtghhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs dg km lu`gr (qug aehkuyg mk ljvalagetj luedamk dg lu`grgs) ge su lís rghagetg ejrlmtavm aetgrem ge km lmtgram: ºHuík gs gk nrmdj dg mpkahmhaøe dg praehapajs, ejrlms y rghjlgedmhajegs aetgremhajemkgs qug bme pjdadj aeikuar ge km rgdmhhaøe dg km Kgy

ºhølj rgikg`m Kgy praehapajs y pgrspghtavm dgkmnáegrj: - ºhuík gs gk mkhmehg dg km vasaøe aetgnrmk ge rgkmhaøe mk hahkj dg vadm dg kms lu`grgs (hjehgphaøe, pralgrm aeimeham, eaýgz, mdjkgshgeham, dg lu`grgs mduktms y dg mduktms lmyjrgs): Vmrmnumy bm pmrtahapmdj mhtavmlgetg ge gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge ngegrmk y dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs y dgk Ljvalagetj Luedamk dg Lu`grgs ge pmrtahukmr3 ºdg qug lmegrm hjesadgrm qug gsm gxpgrageham iug mprjvghbmdm pmrm km

Vrgnuetms mdahajemkgs m rgigrgetgs hkmvg Ge hmsj dg hjesadgrmr mspghtjs rgkgvmetgs ge humetj m su ejvgdmd j musgeham, ºpjdrìm lgehajemrkjs y gxpkahmr su alpjrtmeham:

ºHuíkgs sje kjs mspghtjs, sa gxastge, qug mue rgquagrge dg mpjyj aetgremhajemk pmrm sgr aehjrpjrmdjs mk sastglm ùrìdahj pmrmnumyj:

hjestruhhaøe dg gstm Kgy: Ge iuehaøe dg km gxpgrageham aestatuhajemk dg km aestmeham qug rgprgsgetm0 ºhølj gs pjsaokg lgehajemr qug gxastge batjs j lghmeasljs gspghìiahjs qug bmyme aeikugehamdj gk tgxtj dg km Kgy: ºdg qug lmegrm:

Xa pugdg sgýmkmr batjs y lghmeasljs gspghìiahjs (m ljdj dg hjetrmstmrkjs hje gk kastmdj dg kjs adgetaiahmdjs pmrm km aevgstanmhaøe.

ºpjdrìm gxpkahmr, sa hjlpgtg m su aestmeham y rgspjesmoakadmd, dg quá lmegrm sg

ºGstí su aestatuhaøe tjlmedj lgdadms gspghìiahms mk rgspghtj dg

7>>>/?6=9 dg ‛Vrjtghhaøe

aetgnrmk m kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham“:

ºHølj km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 rgikg`m gk hjehgptj dg

=?6

aetgnrmkadmd prjpugstj m pmrtar dg km Hulorg dg Ogaàen y rghjnadjs ge kjs ‛Vkmegs dg Anumkdmd dg

Jpjrtueadmdgs pmrm kms lu`grgs A y AA ge km prjpugstm dg eugvms aestmehams y lghmeasljs

msgnurm gk hjehgptj dg aetgnrmkadmd ge km rgspugstm aestatuhajemk m km vajkgeham qug suirge kms lu`grgs ge km Kgy 7>>>/=9: Xa hjejhg kjs lghmeasljs gspghìiahjs ºpjdrìm gxpkahmr sa hjesadgrm qug sje suiahagetgs kjs lghmeasljs y prjhgsjs prjpugstjs:

qug hrgm:

kms lgdadms, lghmeasljs y prjhgsjs aestatuhajemkgs qug sg rgquagrge ge km Kgy y dgogríe sgr alpkglgetmdjs dg lmegrm jokanmtjram dgsdg ejvaglorg dg ?6=>: Ge gk hmsj dgk Vjdgr @udahamk0 ºsg bme prgsgetmdj trmtmlagetj dg kmprjokglms ianurm dgk ge gk ‛iglaeahadaj“ y dg ‛vajkgeham hjetrm

kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms ge kjs íloatjs djlástahj g aetrmimlakamr hje km aehjrpjrmhaøe dg kms ljdaiahmhajegs prjpugstms ge km Kgy y gightavms dgsdg su prjluknmhaøe ge ?6=9: Ge gk hmsj dg HKMDGL0 ºVjdrìm aedahmr dg quá lmegrm mightm km lgdadm pmrkmlgetmram dg gxhkuar dgk trmtmlagetj kjs hjehgptjs, pgrspghtavm y praehapajs dg náegrj3 y kms smehajegs gspghìiahms qug gxastìme ge km prjpugstm jranaemk:

8.? Mkhmehg dg km aevgstanmhaøe.

Gk mkhmehg dg km laslm gs gxpkjrmtjram-dgshraptavm. Gxpkjrmtjraj, metg km adgetaiahmhaøe dg mqugkkjs gkglgetjs qug sgríe jo`gtj dg meíkasas. Dgshraptavj ge lmtgram prgsgetmhaøe dg kms hmrmhtgrìstahms qug rgvastge kjs praehapajs y pgrspghtavms dg náegrj, dgrghbjs bulmejs y hahkj dg vadm ge gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs rgkmtavjs m kms lu`grgs. 8.8 Vjokmhaøe lgtm dg km aevgstanmhaøe.

Km pjokmhaøe gstmrí dgtgrlaemdm pjr gk sastglm ùrìdahj gspghamkazmdj ge vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs y eaýms, hugrpj kgnmk qug hjlprgedg kms ejrlms dgk dgrghbj aetgrej, dgk dgrghbj aetgremhajemk aehjrpjrmdj mk sastglm ùrìdahj emhajemk y km ùrasprudgeham, aeijrlgs y rghjlgedmhajegs qug glmeme dg kjs jrnmeasljs y lghmeasljs vaehukmdjs hje ástms, tmetj iugrme rgmkazmdjs gspghìiahmlgetg pmrm Vmrmnumy, hjlj kjs qug, muequg ej gstmr daranadjs m eugstrj pmìs, sje mpkahmokgs ge iuehaøe dg su rgkgvmeham ùrasprudgehamk, pjr gk gstmokghalagetj dg =?=

mhugrdjs mk rgspghtj dg ngegrmhaøe y mpkahmhaøe dg pjkìtahms pðokahms rgkmtavms m Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj3 j pjr su aeikugeham ge km ngegrmhaøe dg hjejhalagetj ge gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs. Km Bgrlgeáutahm gs km hageham qug aetgrprgtm kjs tgxtjs gshratjs y ia`m su vgrdmdgrj sgetadj. Jranaemklgetg utakazmdm pmrm km aetgrprgtmhaøe dg tgxtjs oìokahjs, sg km rgkmhajem hje lís irghugeham m km aetgrprgtmhaøe ùrìdahm. Ge gstg prjhgsj sg tjlmrje hjlj lmrhj rgigrgehamk dg meíkasas gk Lmeumk dg Táheahm Kgnaskmtavm dg Várgz Ojuroje (?66>) y gk Dahhajemraj @urìdahj dg Jssjraj (?6==). Km aetgrprgtmhaøe ùrìdahm, gs ue prjhgsj pjr gk humk sg memkazm gk saneaiahmdj dg kms ejrlms utakazmedj hratgrajs katgrmrajs y hjehgptumkgs, sg km rgkmhajem g aetgnrm hje gk jrdgemlagetj ùrìdahj vangetg hjesadgrmedj gspghamklgetg su hjetgxtj y metghgdgetgs bastørahjs. Dg mhugrdj mk Dahhajemraj @urìdahj Jssjraj (?6==)0 Km aetgrprgtmhaøe dg km kgy rghaog vmrams dgejlaemhajegs tgeagedj ge hugetm su prjhgdgeham. Gs mutáetahm humedj sg dgravm dgk pgesmlagetj dg kjs kgnaskmdjrgs, gxpugstj ge kjs dgomtgs pmrkmlgetmrajs qug km smehajemrje3 gs usumk humedj hjestm ge km ùrasprudgeham dg kjs traouemkgs, sgetmdm pmrm mpkahmr km ejrlm m hmdm hmsj hjehrgtj, y qug tageg gspghamk alpjrtmeham ge mqugkkjs pmìsgs ge qug kms sgetgehams dg kjs traouemkgs dg hmsmhaøe jokanme m kjs traouemkgs aeigrajrgs m su mosjkutj mhmtmlagetj, y gs djhtraemk humedj prjvageg dg kjs gshratjs y hjlgetmrajs dg kjs ùraspgratjs, saglprg dashrgpmetg getrg sì y sae jtrj vmkjr qug gk dg km iugrzm hjevaehgetg dgk rmzjemlagetj.

Km lugstrm gstí dgtgrlaemdm pjr mhgptmhaøe dg pmrtahapmr dgk gstudaj dg kjs rgigrgetgs lgehajemdjs y qug ijrlme pmrtg dg km prjokglítahm memkazmdm. =??

8.4 Hmtgnjrìms dg meíkasas.

Hjevgehajemkadmd dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9, sagedj sus vmkjrgs0 m) gs hjevgehajemk y mpkahm kjs prghgptjs gstmokghadjs ge Hjevgehajegs Aetgremhajemkgs, ørnmejs dg trmtmdjs y sjit-kmw, o) gs hjevgehajemk y mpkahm kjs prghgptjs gstmokghadjs ge Hjevgehajegs Aetgremhajemkgs y ørnmejs dg trmtmdjs, pgrj ej sjit-kmw, h) gs hjevgehajemk y mpkahm kjs prghgptjs gstmokghadjs ge Hjevgehajegs Aetgremhajemkgs, pgrj ej mqugkkjs rgkmtavjs m ørnmejs dg trmtmdjs y sjit-kmw, d)

ej gs hjevgehajemk.

8.7 Táheahms g aestrulgetjs. Tmokm >- Dgshraphaøe dgk dasgýj lgtjdjkønahj

Jo`gtavjs

Geijqug humkatmtavj

Gstrmtgnam dg rghjnadm dg dmtjs

Aestrulgetjs

Gstrmtgnam dg meíkasas

_gsuktmdjs

Gstudaj ngeárahj dg kms ejrlms emhajemkgs g aetgremhajemkgs, dgk sjit-kmw vaehukmdj y dg

Kghturm dg kgnaskmhaøe emhajemk vangetg, aeijrlgs, rghjlgedmhajeg s y sgetgehams

Nuìm dg kghturm Nuìm dg meíkasas

Meíkasas dg tgxtjs rgkgvmetgs ge0 (=) Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk vangetg, (?)

Adgetaiahmhaøe y hmrmhtgrazmhaøe dg kjs iuedmlgetjs tgørahjs pkmetgmdjs ge km aevgstanmhaøe.

kms rghjlgedmhajeg s y sgetgehams rgkgvmetgs m km aevgstanmhaøe.

qug hjeijrlm gk Xastglm @urìdahj Vmrmnumyj dg prjtghhaøe dg kms lu`grgs metg tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham.

g s m I

= Adgetaiahmr kjs mspghtjs dg kjs hjlprjlasjs aetgremhajemkgs rgkmtavjs m DDBB dg kms lu`grgs qug bme

pgrlgmdj ge km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 Adgetaiahmr gk mkhmehg dg mpkahmhaøe dg rghjlgedmhajeg s aetgremhajemkgs y ejrlms dg sjit-kmw ge km rgdmhhaøe y prjhgdalagetjs mdlaeastrmtavjs prjpugstjs ge km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9.

Ejrlms suprmemhajemkgs vaehukmetgs mk sastglm ùrìdahj pmrmnumyj, (8) Aeijrlgs, Dghkmrmhajegs, _gsjkuhajegs, Xgetgehams y Jo`gtavjs j Dgsmiìjs suprmemhajemkgs m kjs humkgs Vmrmnumy bmym sushraptj.

=?8

?

_gkgvmr km giahmham dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ge gk Xastglm @urìdahj pmrmnumyj qug rgspjedg m kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham ge kjs íloatjs djlástahj g aetrmimlakamr.

Meíkasas dg hjehjrdmeham dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 hje ejrlms hjevgehajemkgs y jtrjs gkglgetjs rgkgvmetgs dgk Dgrghbj Aetgremhajemk dg kjs DDBB.

8

_gkgvmr km hjbgrgeham dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 hje kjs hjlprjlasjs msuladjs metg gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg kjs DDBB rgkmtavjs m km

Getrgvastms hje Getrgvastm hje mhtjrgs hkmvg ge mhtjrgs hkmvgs gk hjetgxtj dg su gxpgrageham irgetg mk prjhgsj qug kkgvø m km hrgmhaøe y prjluknmhaøe dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 y su pmrghgr mk

prjtghhaøe kms lu`grgsdg ge su davgrsadmd y kms eaýms, m km vajkgeham omsmdm ge kjs praehapajs y pgrspghtavm dg náegrj, dgrghbjs bulmejs y hahkj dg vadm.

rgspghtj dg km aetgremkazmhaøe dg hjlprjlasjs rgkmtavjs m km tglítahm pjr gk Gstmdj pmrmnumyj.

Josgrvmr y mejtmr gk hjetgeadj dg kjs djhulgetjs pmrm adgetaiahmr km hjehjrdmeham hje gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg kjs DDBB.

Nuìm dg meíkasas

Hjlpmrmhaøe dg km aeijrlmhaøe rgkgvmdm ge gk tgxtj dg km Kgy prjluknmdm y mk lgejs ge km pralgrm y ðktalm vgrsaøe dg ‛Vrjpugstm dg Kgy“.

Adgetaiahmhaøe dg kms daigrgehams y salakatudgs ge km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 hje kjs Xastglms Emhajemk g Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg kjs DDBB.

Nuìm dg getrgvastms

Hjetrmstg dg kgnaskmhaøe, mpkahmhaøe y pgrspghtavm haudmdmem.

Hjetrmstg dg km aeijrlmhaøe rghmomdm hje km gxpgrageham dg aeijrlmetgs hkmvg qug pgrlatm hjlpkglgetmr uem vasaøe bjkìstahm dgk prjhgsj dg hjevgehajemkadmd rgkmtavj m dg kjskms dgrghbjs lu`grgs irgetg m daigrgetgs ijrlms dg vajkgeham.

=?4

_gsuktmdjs Meíkasas dg km hjehjrdmeham y hjrrgkmhaøe dg hjevgehajemkadmd dg km Kgy Erj. 7>>>/?6=9 dg ‛Vrjtghhaøe aetgnrmk m kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham“ hje gk Xastglm

Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs y praehapmkgs ejrlms vaehukmetgs dgk Xastglm @urìdahj Vmrmnumyj

M hjetaeumhaøe, sg prgsgetm gk meíkasas dgk tgxtj dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9. Gk laslj sg rgmkazm hjesadgrmedj trgs gkglgetjs0 (a) km trmeshraphaøe dgk tgxtj jranaemk humedj sg prgsgetmrge hmloajs3 (aa) km adgetaiahmhaøe dg kms hjehjrdmehams hjestatuhajemkgs, ejrlmtavms y irgetg m hjlprjlasjs aetgremhajemkgs, praehapmklgetg ge kjs hmpìtukjs A y AA qug trmtme hugstajegs dg ijedj ge km kgy, y (aaa) hjlgetmrajs dg meíkasas ge humetj m su aetgrprgtmhaøe ge gk sastglm ùrìdahj vangetg y mspghtjs rgkgvmetgs, km hjaehadgeham hje lghmeasljs dg prjtghhaøe y prjljhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg prjtghhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Humedj sg adgetaiahm uem hjehjrdmeham getrg Mrtìhukjs dg km laslm Kgy, sg prajrazm gk meíkasas ge gk praehapmk m ljdj dg gvatmr rgatgrmr aeijrlmhaøe aeeghgsmramlgetg. Hjesadgrmedj qug Vmrmnumy gs uej dg kjs Gstmdjs-Laglorjs iuedmdjrgs dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kms Emhajegs Weadms, Laglorj dgk Hjesg`j dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg km JEW y bm sushraptj y rmtaiahmdj hmsa km tjtmkadmd dg ejrlms aetgremhajemkgs dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, gk meíkasas dg gstm kgy sg bmrí ge gk lmrhj dg praehapajs y pgrspghtavm dg dgrghbjs, bmhagedj áeimsas ge kjs praehapajs y pgrspghtavms dg dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs.

=?7

Hmpìtukj A0 Jo`gtj dg km kgy y Vraehapajs Ngegrmkgs2= Mrtìhukj =¶. Jo`gtj. Km prgsgetg Kgy tageg pjr jo`gtj gstmokghgr pjkìtahms y gstrmtgnams dg

prgvgehaøe dg km vajkgeham bmham km lu`gr, lghmeasljs dg mtgehaøe y lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe y rgpmrmhaøe aetgnrmk, tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj ge gk pravmdj. Tmokm 2 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj = dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9.

Tgxtj dg km prjpugstm jranaemk2?0

Km prgsgetg Kgy tageg pjr jo`gtj prjljvgr y nmrmetazmr gk dgrghbj dg kms lu`grgs m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham y pmrm gkkj, km mdjphaøe dg pjkìtahms y gstrmtgnams dg prgvgehaøe dg km vajkgeham bmham km lu`gr, lghmeasljs dg mtgehaøe y lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe y rgpmrmhaøe aetgnrmkgs, tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj ge gk pravmdj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk0 Mrtìhukjs 4>. Dg km nmrmetìm dg anumkdmd y 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham. Kgy =?=7/=129.Hjevgehaøe pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, HGDM^0 Mrtìhukjs ?.o, ?.h y ?. d. Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs0 Mrtìhukjs ?.= y 8. Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs0 Mrtìhukj ?.?. Kgy 967/=117. Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr ‛Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí“0 Mrtìhukjs >.m, >.o, >.h, >.d, >.g, >.b y 2. Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Vmrtg AA, Mrtìhukj ?. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukj 8>. Dgk Xastglm dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk. Mhjrdmdm 988/?6=6. =66 _gnkms dg Ormsakam. Hmpatukj AAA, Hgkgormhaøe dg mhtjs ùdahamkgs.

2=

M kjs gightjs dg gstg meíkasas sg hjesadgrø gk tgxtj puokahmdj ge km Nmhgtm Jiahamk dg km _gpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy Eðlgrj ?7?, puokahmdj ge Msuehaøe, gk ?1 dg dahaglorg dg ?6=9, pmns.89 y tgxtj dgk Hjenrgsj dg km Emhaøe, sgnðe gxpgdagetg D-=??789>, Xmehajemdj0 69/=?/?6=9, Vrjluknmdj0 ?>/=?/?6=9, y Vuokahmdj0 ?1/=?/?6=9. _gshmtmdj dg0 bttp0//dangstj.sgemdj.njv.py/ups/kgygs/1>66.pdi 2? M kjs gightjs dg gstg meíkasas sg hjesadgrmrje0 (=) gk tgxtj dg prjpugstm dg Kgy ge su vgrsaøe jiahamk mprjomdj pjr Hjlasajegs Gspghamkgs dgk Hjenrgsj y sjlgtadj m vjtmhaøe dg kms Hílmrms, daspjeaokg ge km pínaem wgo dgk Xgemdj dg km Emhaøe, rgshmtmdj dg0 bttp0//jdd.sgemdj.njv.py/mrhbavjs/iakg/LBHD%?6Erj%?6=2=2(=).pdi, y (?) km prjpugstm jranaemk dgk 8 dg lmrzj dg ?6=7 dg km Hjlasaøe dg @ustaham, Trmom`j y Vrgvasaøe Xjhamk, daspjeaokg ge bttp0//sak?py.sgemdj.njv.py/ijrlukmraj/IahbmTgheahmGxpgdagetg.pli:q
=?9

Hjlgetmrajs

Xg josgrvm qug ge gk tgxtj dg km prjpugstm jranaemk sg bmhg rgigrgeham m qug gk jo`gtj dg km kgy gs ‛prjljvgr y nmrmetazmr gk dgrghbj dg kms lu`grgs m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham“, gstm prjpugstm sg rgtjlm ge gk Mrtìhukj ? dg km Kgy prjluknmdm hjlj gk iae dg laslm. Dg gstm lmegrm, dg mhugrdj m km táheahm kgnaskmtavm mdjptmdm, sg lmetageg gk hjehgptj dg ‛jo`gtj dg uem kgy“ hjlj km pmrtg daspjsatavm dg km ejrlm ge km qug sg adgetaiahm km lmtgram j msuetj qug sg prgtgedg rgnukmr.

Ge gk lmrhj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs y jtrjs lghmeasljs dgk sastglm aetgremhajemk dg prjtghhaøe, hjaehadg hje0 • • • •

•

•

•

•

•

•

• •

• •

• •

• •

_ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 dg HGDM^. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg0 Lgtms 7.?, =9.=, =9.?, =9.8 Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj. Lgtm prajratmram M0 Dgsmiìjs = y ?3 Lgtm prajratmram G0 Dgsmiìjs 4> y 42 _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs (HHV_) ‘ 68 jhtuorg =117 _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr (HGDM^) ‘ =119 _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs (DGXH) =119 _ghjlgedmhajegs dg kmaeijrlg Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem Bulmejs (HADB) ‘ ?66=. Tgrhgr sjorg km satumhaøe dg dg Dgrghbjs kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge Vmrmnumy _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Aeijrlg dg Xgnualagetj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. ==2° Vgrìjdj dg Xgsajegs > mk ?4 dg jhtuorg dg ?668 _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr (HGDM^) ‘ ?667 _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs (HHV_) ‘ ?669 _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs (DGXH) ‘ ?66> _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk ‘ ?6== _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr (HGDM^) ‘ ?6== _ghjlgedmhajegs dg dgkkmHjlatá hjetrm km Tjrturm ‘?6== _ghjlgedmhajegs _gkmtjrm Gspghamk sjorg(HMT) km Gxtrglm Vjorgzm y kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ‘ ?6=? _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs (HHV_) ‘ ?6=8 _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk (?6=9)

Mrtìhukj ?¶. Iaemkadmd. Km prgsgetg Kgy tageg pjr iaemkadmd prjljvgr y nmrmetazmr gk dgrghbj dg

kms lu`grgs m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham.

=?>

Tmokm 1 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ? dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9

Tgxtj dg km prjpugstm jranaemk0

Km prgsgetg Kgy tageg pjr iaemkadmd nmrmetazmr gk dgrghbj dg kms lu`grgs m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham, hjlj hjedahaøe pmrm gk g`grhahaj pkgej dg kjs dgrghbjs rghjejhadjs pjr km Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk y pjr kjs aestrulgetjs aetgremhajemkgs dg dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs mprjomdjs y rmtaiahmdjs pjr Kgy dg km Emhaøe.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk0 Mrtìhukj 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham. Kgy =?=7/=129.Hjevgehaøe pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdm ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr, HGDM^. Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 8, 4, 7, 9, >, =6, =?, =8, =4, Kgy =/=121. Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Mrtìhukjs =, ? y ?4. Kgy 91/=121. Hjevgehaøe hjetrm km tjrturm y jtrjs trmtjs j pgems hrugkgs, aebulmems j dgnrmdmetgs. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk eaýj(m). Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs ?.?, Mrtìhukj =6.8, Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Mrtìhukjs ?4 y ?9. Kgy 967/=117. Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm prgvgear, km vajkgeham hjetrmHjevgehaøe km lu`gr ‛Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí“0smehajemr Mrtìhukjsy8,grrmdahmr 9, >.d, 2.m, 2.i y =6. Kgy =64>/=11>. Vrjtjhjkj Mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukj 8. Kgy 8746/=112. Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd. Kgy =966/?666. Hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm. Kgy =998/?66=. Gstmtutj dg _jlm dg km Hjrtg Vgemk Aetgremhajemk. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km Eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukjs =. Dgk jo`gtj dg gstg Hødanj y 8>. Dgk sastglm dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk. Kgy =1?7/?66?. Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. Kgy 4?17/?6==. ]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm. Kgy 4>22/?6=?. Aetgnrmk hjetrm km trmtm dg pgrsjems.

Hjlgetmraj0

Gk tgxtj dgk Mrtìhukj hjaehadg hje gk dg km Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí0 ‛Tjdm lu`gr tageg dgrghbj m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham, tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj ge gk pravmdj (Mrtìhukj 8).“

Gk usj dgk tárlaej ‛uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham“ prgsulg km prjtghhaøe m kms lu`grgs m kj kmrnj dg tjdm su vadm y gk hjesghugetg dgsmrrjkkj dg pjkìtahms, pkmegs, prjnrmlms =?2

y prjyghtjs hje uem pgrspghtavm aetgnrmk, luktadashapkaemraj g aetgrngegrmhajemk. Gstg mojrdm`g gs iuedmlgetmk ym qug kjs gstudajs daspjeaokgs dglugstrme qug km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr gs lgejr ge bjnmrgs j imlakams ge kms qug km vajkgeham bmham km lu`gr ej gs uem príhtahm28.


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_ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 dg HGDM^. Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj0 Lgtm prajratmram O, Dgsmiìjs > y =9. Gstrmtgnam Luedamk ?.6 pmrm km smkud dg kms lu`grgs, km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtms 7.=, 7.?, 7.8, 7.93 Jo`gtavj =6. Lgtm =6.?3 Jo`gtavj =9. Lgtms =9.=, =9.?, =9.8 y =9.=6.

Mrtìhukj 8¶. Íloatj dg mpkahmhaøe. Km prgsgetg Kgy sg mpkahmrí m kms lu`grgs, sae eaenðe tapj dg

dashralaemhaøe, irgetg m mhtjs u jlasajegs qug alpkaquge humkquagr tapj dg vajkgeham dgshraptm ge gstm Kgy y qug sg prjduzhm ge kjs sanuagetgs íloatjs0 m) Dgetrj dg km imlakam j ueadmd djlástahm humedj gxastm uem rgkmhaøe aetgrpgrsjemk dg pmrg`m prgsgetg j pmsmdm, dg pmrgetgshj j dg hjevavgeham getrg gk mutjr y km lu`gr mnrgdadm. o) Ge km hjlueadmd, sae eghgsadmd dg qug gxastm uem rgkmhaøe j vìehukj dg eaenðe tapj getrg km pgrsjem j pgrsjems mnrgsjrms y km lu`gr. h) ]ug sgm pgrpgtumdm j tjkgrmdm pjr gk Gstmdj, m trmvás dg sus mngetgs j tgrhgrms pgrsjems hje su hjesgetalagetj ge humkquagr kunmr qug sg prjduzhm.

28

Gk Gstudaj JVX/HDH sjorg vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs dg ?6=8 dgljstrø qug ge kjs bjnmrgs ge djedg km vajkgeham grm uem príhtahm kms pjsaoakadmdgs pmrm uem lu`gr dg sgr vìhtalm dg vajkgeham grm dg 87% irgetg mk =9% dg lu`grgs huyms lmdrgs ej iugrje vìhtalms dg vajkgeham. Iugetg0 JVX /HDH. ?6=8. Yajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr ge Mlárahm Kmtaem y gk Hmraog0 We meíkasas hjlpmrmtavj dg dmtjs pjokmhajemkgs dg =? pmìsgs.

=?1

Tmokm =6 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 8 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Xu`gtjs dg Dgrghbjs. Km prgsgetg Kgy sg mpkahmrí ge ogegiahaj dg km lu`gr vìhtalm dg vajkgeham, sae dastaehaøe dg gdmd, gstmdj imlakamr, prjhgdgeham rurmk j uromem, jrange áteahj, hjedahaøe ghjeølahm, emhajemkadmd, rgkanaøe j hrggehams, dashmpmhadmd, ym sgm qug gstm vajkgeham prjvgenm pjr mhhaøe u jlasaøe dgk Gstmdj, dg sus mngetgs j dg pmrtahukmrgs.

Mrtìhukj 7¶. Íloatj dg mpkahmhaøe. Km prgsgetg Kgy prjtgng m kms lu`grgs, sae eaenðe tapj dg dashralaemhaøe irgetg m mhtjs u jlasajegs qug alpkaquge humkquagr tapj dg vajkgeham dgshratm ge gstm Kgy y qug sg prjduzhm ge kjs sanuagetgs íloatjs0 m) Dgetrj dg km imlakam j ueadmd djlástahm humedj gxastm uem rgkmhaøe aetgrpgrsjemk dg pmrg`m prgsgetg j pmsmdm, dg pmrgetgshj j dg hjevavgeham getrg gk mutjr y km lu`gr mnrgdadm. o) Ge km hjlueadmd, sae eghgsadmd dg qug gxastm uem rgkmhaøe j vìehukj dg eaenðe tapj getrg km pgrsjem j pgrsjems mnrgsjrms y km lu`gr. h) ]ug sgm pgrpgtumdm j tjkgrmdm pjr gk Gstmdj, m trmvás dg sus mngetgs j tgrhgrms pgrsjems hje su hjesgetalagetj ge humkquagr kunmr qug sg prjduzhm. Hjehjrdmehams0

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk0 Mrtìhukjs 4>. Dg km nmrmetìm dg anumkdmd y 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham. Kgy =?=7/=129.Hjevgehaøe pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, HGDM^ Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk eaýj(m). Kgy 967/=117. Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr ‛Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí“0 Mrtìhukj 4, Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Vmrtg AA, Mrtìhukj ?. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukj 8>. Dgk sastglm dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Ge km prjpugstmDG jranaemk mk rgspghtj dg ‛Xu`gtjs dghìm0 ‛M_TÌHWKJ 8.- XW@GTJX DG_GHBJX. Km prgsgetg KgydgsgDgrghbj“, mpkahmrí ge ogegiahaj dg km lu`gr vìhtalm dg vajkgeham, sae dastaehaøe dg gdmd, adgetadmd sgxumk y/j dg náegrj, gstmdj imlakamr, prjhgdgeham rurmk j uromem, jrange áteahj, hjedahaøe ghjeølahm, emhajemkadmd, rgkanaøe j hrggehams, dashmpmhadmd iìsahm, psìquahm j sgesjramk j humkquagr hmusm meíkjnm, ym sgm qug gstm vajkgeham prjvgenm pjr mhhaøe u jlasaøe dgk Gstmdj, dg sus mngetgs j dg pmrtahukmrgs.“

Gk hmloaj, mlpkam km pjokmhaøe dg mpkahmhaøe dg km kgy dg mqugkkms ‛lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham“ m tjdms kms ‛lu`grgs sae eaenðe tapj dg dashralaemhaøe“, kj qug trmg hjlj hjesghugeham gk hmloaj dg uem mhtatud rgmhtavm dgk Gstmdj (m km satumhaøe dg vajkgeham) m uem mhtatud prjmhtavm qug pgrlatg gk dasgýj dg pkmegs, prjnrmlms,

=86

gstrmtgnams y pjkìtahms prjpjsatavms hjehjrdmetgs hje gk iae dg km Kgy dg msular jokanmhaøe gstmtmk dg prjljvgr uem ‛vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham“ pmrm tjdms kms lu`grgs.

Gk sgnuedj gkglgetj dg rgkgvmeham ge gstg mrtìhukj, gs km mlpkamhaøe dg km prjtghhaøe gstmtmk dgk hjehgptj dg vajkgeham omsmdm ge msalgtrìms dg náegrj y rgkmhajegs dg pjdgr dgsdg km jhurrgeham dmdm pjr gk gspmhaj dg vadm j dg hjevavgeham rgmk j mpmrgetg, m km vajkgeham qug jhurrm ge km hjlueadmd sae eghgsadmd dg ue vìehukj pjr pmrgetgshj, mlastmd, rgkmhaøe kmojrmk j humkquagr ijrlm j aetgehaøe dg rgkmhajemlagetj pjsaokg.

Hjlj tgrhgr gkglgetj dg meíkasas, ae iaeg, gk mrtìhukj gstmokghg dg lmegrm gxprgsm qug rgiagrg m km lís mlpkam hjehgphaøe dg km jhurrgeham dg km vajkgeham, mk aedahmr qug rgiagrg m km ‛pgrpgtumdm j tjkgrmdm pjr gk Gstmdj, m trmvás dg sus mngetgs j tgrhgrms pgrsjems hje su hjesgetalagetj ge humkquagr kunmr qug sg prjduzhm“.


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_ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 dg HGDM^. Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj0 Lgtm prajratmram O, Dgsmiìjs > y =9. Gstrmtgnam Luedamk ?.6 pmrm km smkud dg kms lu`grgs, km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtms 7.=, 7.?, 7.8, 7.93 Jo`gtavj =6. Lgtm =6.?3 Jo`gtavj =9. Lgtms =9.=, =9.?, =9.8 y =9.=6.

Mrtìhukj 4¶. Dgrghbjs Vrjtgnadjs. Km prjtghhaøe dg km lu`gr ge gk lmrhj dg gstm Kgy gstmokghg kjs

sanuagetgs dgrghbjs0 m) Gk dgrghbj m km vadm, m km aetgnradmd iìsahm y psahjkønahm3 o) Gk dgrghbj m km daneadmd3 h) Gk dgrghbj m ej sgr sjlgtadm m tjrturms j m trmtjs j pgems hrugkgs, aebulmejs j dgnrmdmetgs3 d) Gk dgrghbj m km kaogrtmd y m km sgnuradmd pgrsjemk3 g) Gk dgrghbj m km anumkdmd metg km Kgy3 i) Gk dgrghbj m km anumkdmd ge km imlakam3

=8=

n) Gk dgrghbj m km smkud iìsahm y lgetmk3 b) Gk dgrghbj m vavar ge ue lgdaj mloagetg sgnurj y smkudmokg3 a) Gk dgrghbj m km kaogrtmd dg pgesmlagetjs, hjehageham y gxprgsaøe3 `) Gk dgrghbj m km prjpagdmd3 c) Gk dgrghbj m km aetaladmd y km almnge3 k) Gk dgrghbj m km pkmeaiahmhaøe imlakamr y dg km smkud lmtgrej aeimetak3 l) Kjs dgrghbjs m km gduhmhaøe, mk trmom`j danej y km sgnuradmd sjhamk3 e) Gk dgrghbj m pmrtahapmr ge kjs msuetjs pðokahjs3 ý) Gk dgrghbj mk mhhgsj m km ùstaham y m ue rghursj sgehakkj, rípadj y gightavj metg kjs traouemkgs hjlpgtgetgs, qug km prjtg`m3 j) Gk dgrghbj m kms nmrmetìms ùdahamkgs. Km geuehamhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs prjtgnadjs hjetgeadjs ge gstg mrtìhukj ej dgog getgedgrsg tmxmtavmlgetg, ea gxhkuar jtrjs qug, sagedj aebgrgetgs m km pgrsjemkadmd bulmem, ej ianurge gxprgsmlgetg prjtgnadjs. Tmokm == - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 4 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Jranaemklgetg Mrtìhukj 9¶. Xae ljdaiahmhajegs.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk0 Mrtìhukjs0 4. Dgk dgrghbj m km vadm, 7. Dg km prjtghhaøe dg km tjrturm y jtrjs dgkatjs, 9. Dgykmkmhmkadmd dg vadm, Dgk dgrghbj m uekmlgdajmloagetg smkudmokg, 1. Dg km kaogrtmd sgnuradmd dg kms>.pgrsjems, =6. Dg prjshraphaøe dg km gshkmvatud dg jtrms sgrvadulorgs, ==. Dg km pravmhaøe dg kaogrtmd, =?. Dg km dgtgehaøe y gk mrrgstj, =7. Dg km prjbaoahaøe dg bmhgr ùstaham pjr lmej prjpam, =9. Dg km dgigesm ge ùahaj, =>. Dg kjs dgrghbjs prjhgsmkgs, =2. Dg kms rgstrahhajegs dg km dghkmrmhaøe, ?4. Dg km kaogrtmd rgkanajsm g adgjkønahm, ?7. Dg km gxprgsaøe dg km pgrsjemkadmd, ?9. Dg km kaogrtmd dg gxprgsaøe y dg prgesm, ?>. Dgk glpkgj dg kjs lgdajs lmsavjs dg hjlueahmhaøe sjhamk, ?2. Dgk dgrghbj m aeijrlmrsg, 86. Dg kms sgýmkgs dg hjlueahmhaøe gkghtrjlmneátahm, 88. Dgk dgrghbj m km aetaladmd, 84. Dgk dgrghbj m km aevajkmoakadmd dg kjs rghaetjs pravmdjs, 81. Dgk dgrghbj m km aedgleazmhaøe ùstm y mdghumdm, 46. Dgk dgrghbj m pgtahajemr m kms mutjradmdgs, 49. Dg km anumkdmd dg kms pgrsjems, 4>. Dg kms nmrmetìms dg anumkdmd, 42. Dg km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dgk bjlorg y dg km lu`gr, 41. Dg km prjtghhaøe dg km imlakam, 76. Dgk dgrghbj m hjestatuar imlakam, 78. Dg kjs ba`js, 74. Dg km prjtghhaøe mk eaýj, 77. Dg km lmtgreadmd y km pmtgreadmd, 79. Dg km ùvgetud, 7>. Dg km tgrhgrm gdmd, 72. Dg kjs =8?

dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems gxhgphajemkgs, 71. Dgk oage dg imlakam, 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham, 9=. Dg km pkmeaiahmhaøe imlakamr y dg km smkud lmtgrej aeimetak, 98. Dg km adgetadmd áteahm, 97. Dgk dgrghbj m km pmrtahapmhaøe, 99. Dg km gduhmhaøe y km msastgeham, 92. Dgk dgrghbj m km smkud, 91. Dgk sastglm dg smkud, >6. Dgk ránalge dg oagegstmr sjhamk, >8. Dgk dgrghbj m km gduhmhaøe y dg sus iaegs, >4. Dgk dgrghbj m mprgedgr y dg km kaogrtmd dg gesgýmr, >7. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd gduhmtavm, >9. Dg kms jokanmhajegs dgk Gstmdj, >>. Dg km gesgýmezm ge km kgenum lmtgrem, 29. Dgk dgrghbj mk trmom`j, 22. Dg km ej dashralaemhaøe, 21. Dgk trmom`j dg kms lu`grgs, 1=. Dg kms `jremdms trmom`j y dgshmesj, km rgtraouhaøe dgk=66. trmom`j, Dg km sgnuradmd sjhamk, 11.dgDgk hulpkalagetj dg1?. kjs Dg dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs, Dg km17.vavagedm, ==>. Dg kjs dgrghbjs pjkìtahjs, =?>. Dgk hulpkalagetj dg km kgy, =?2. Dg km pralmhìm dgk aetgrás ngegrmk y dgk dgogr dg hjkmojrmr, =8=. Dg kms nmrmetìms, Tìtukj AAA - Hmpìtukj AAA. Dg km Iuehaøe @urasdahhajemk (Mrtìhukjs =>7-=22).

Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs0 ?, 8, 7, 9, >, 2, =6, ==, =?, =8, =4, =7 y =9. Kgy =/=121. Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Mrtìhukjs0 =, ?, 4, 7, 9, >, 2, 1, =6, ==, =?, =8, =>, =1, ?8, ?4 y ?7. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj. Kgy 4/=11?.?,Vmhtj dgyDgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs0 8, 9, 1,Aetgremhajemk =6, ==, =?, =8 =7. Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Mrtìhukjs0 ?, 8, 9, >, 2, 1, =4, ?4 y ?9. Kgy ?84/=118. Hjevgeaj =91 dg km JAT ‛sjorg pugokjs aedìngems y traomkgs ge pmìsgs aedgpgedagetgs, mdjptmdj durmetg km >9ª. Hjeigrgeham aetgremhajemk dgk trmom`j, hgkgormdm ge Naegorm gk > dg ùeaj dg =121“ Kgy 967/=117. Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs0 8, 4, 7, 9, >, 2 y 1. Kgy =64>/=11>. Vrjtjhjkj Mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs0 =, ?, 8, 9, >, 1, =6, ==, =?, =8, =4, =7, =9, => y =2. Kgy =966/?666. Hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukjs =. Dgk jo`gtj dg gstg Hødanj, ?. Dg km prgsuehaøe dg km eaýgz, mdjkgshgeham j mduktgz, 8. Dgk praehapaj dgk aetgrás supgrajr, 4. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd suosadamram, >. Dgk g`grhahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs, 2. Dgk dgrghbj dg imlakam, 1. Dg km prjtghhaøe dg kms pgrsjems pjr emhgr, =6. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk Gstmdj, ==. Dg km jokanmhaøe dg km mtgehaøe ládahm, =?. Dg km prjbaoahaøe dg rgtgegr mk rghaáe emhadj(m), =8. Dgk dgrghbjs m km smkud, =4. Dgk dgrghbj m km smkud sgxumk y rgprjduhtavm, =9. Dgk dgrghbj m km prjtghhaøe hjetrm sustmehams dmýaems, tmomhj y ogoadms mkhjbøkahms, =>. Dg km aetgrvgehaøe quarðrnahm metg gk pgkanrj dg lugrtg, ?8. Dg km mtgehaøe y rgbmoakatmhaøe jokanmtjrams, ?7. Dgk dgrghbj dgk eaýj(m) y mdjkgshgetg m sgr prjtgnadjs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg gxpkjtmhaøe, ?9. Dgk dgrghbj dg pgtahaøe y 8>. Dgk sastglm dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk.

=88

Kgy =227/?66?. Dgk mduktj lmyjr. Kgy =1?7/?66?. Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd. Kgy ?819/?664. Vrjtjhjkj pmrm Vrgvgear, _gpralar y Xmehajemr km Trmtm dg Vgrsjems, gspghamklgetg ge Lu`grgs y Eaýjs. Kgy 8746/?662. Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd y gk prjtjhjkj imhuktmtavj dg km hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd. Kgy 8>2?/?661. ]ug gstmokghg km pgesaøe mkalgetmram dg kms pgrsjems mduktms lmyjrgs. Kgy 4?17/?6==. ]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm. Kgy 4>22/?6=?. Aetgnrmk hjetrm km trmtm dg pgrsjems.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Gstg Mrtìhukj sg hjestatuyg hjlj uej dg kjs lís rgkgvmetgs dg km Kgy mk gstmokghgr gk lmrhj dg dgrghbjs qug sje prjtgnadjs, dg lmegrm darghtm, y gk mkhmehg aedarghtj dg km ejrlm mk rgigrgehamr dg lmegrm gxpkìhatm, muequg ej tmxmtavm, ue alpjrtmetg gspghtrj dg suo hmtgnjrìms m kms qug pugdge gstmr vaehukmdms kms lu`grgs y eaýms ge su davgrsadmd su`gtjs dg prjtghhaøe.

Dg gstm lmegrm, gstg mrtìhukj oraedm alpjrtmetgs gkglgetjs m sgr hjesadgrmdjs ge km mpkahmhaøe dg km kgy y msgnurm km jokanmhaøe gstmtmk qug dgoge sgr rghjnadjs ge kjs dastaetjs prjtjhjkjs y prjhgdalagetjs dg mpkahmhaøe y msì josgrvmr tjdms mqugkkms hmrmhtgrìstahms qug bmhge m kms lu`grgs (mdjkgshgetgs, mduktms y mduktms lmyjrgs) y eaýms lís mkkí dg km satumhaøe dg vajkgeham m km qug pjdrìme gstmr j m km qug gstíe sagedj mightmdms gkkms y tmloaáe kms pgrsjems dgk nrupj dg hjevavgeham j imlakamr mightmdms pjr km satumhaøe dg vajkgeham.

Ge gk lmrhj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs y jtrjs lghmeasljs dgk sastglm aetgremhajemk dg prjtghhaøe, hjaehadg hje0 Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj. Gstrmtgnam dg Mhhaøe ?.6 pmrm km Xmkud dg kms Lu`grgs, kjs(ms) eaýjs(ms) y mdjkgshgetgs. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg0 Jo`gtavj 8. Lgtms 8.= y 8.23 Jo`gtavj 4. Lgtms 4.=, 4.7 y 4.>3 Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtms 7.=, 7.?, 7.8, 7.4, 7.7, 7.9, 7.m, 7.o y 7.h3 Jo`gtavj 9. Lgtm 9.?3 Jo`gtavj 2. Lgtms 2.8, 2.7, 2.> y 2.23 Jo`gtavj =6. Lgtms =6.?, =6.8 y =6.43 Jo`gtavj =9. Lgtms =9.=, =9.?, =9.8, =9.>, =9.1, =9.=6, =9.m y =9.o. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj0 Lgtm prajratmram M. Dgsmiìjs = y ?3 Lgtm prajratmram O. Dgsmiìjs >, 2, ==, =?, =4, =7 y =93 Lgtm prajratmram H. Dgsmiìjs • • •

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=84

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=2, ?6, ??, ?8, ?2, 8= y 8?3 Lgtm prajratmram D. Dgsmiìjs 88, 84, 8>, 46, 4= y 483 Lgtm prajratmram G. Dgsmiìjs 4>, 76, 7=, 7? y 723 Lgtm prajratmram N. Dgsmiìjs >9, >>, >1, 2= y 2?. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg =117. Hjlatá pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg =119. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg =119. Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Tgrhgr aeijrlg sjorg km satumhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge Vmrmnumy dg ?66=. Aeijrlg dg sgnualagetj dg rghjlgedmhajegs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg ?66=. Hjlatá pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?667. Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Qmcyg Mxm Ys. Vmrmnumy. Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dgk => dg ùeaj dg ?667. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?669. Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Xmwbjymlmxm Ys. Vmrmnumy. Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dgk ?1 dg lmrzj dg ?669. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?66>. Hjlatá dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Ríljc Císgc Ys. Vmrmnumy. Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dgk ?4 dg mnjstj dg ?6=6. _gkmtjr gspghamk sjorg gk dgrghbj m km gduhmhaøe. _ghjlgedmhaøe dg ?6=6. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá hjetrm km tjrturm. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. _gkmtjrm Gspghamk sjorg km Gxtrglm pjorgzm y kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=?. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=8. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kjs pugokjs aedìngems. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=7. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=9. =66 _gnkms dg Ormsakam.

Mrtìhukj 7¶. Dgiaeahajegs. M kjs gightjs dg km prgsgetg Kgy, sg getgedgrí pjr0

m) Yajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. Gs km hjeduhtm, qug hmusg lugrtg, dmýj j suiralagetj iìsahj, sgxumk, psahjkønahj, pmtraljeamk j ghjeølahj m km lu`gr, omsmdm ge su hjedahaøe dg tmk, ge

=87

humkquagr íloatj, qug sgm g`grhadm ge gk lmrhj dg rgkmhajegs dgsanumkgs dg pjdgr y dashralaemtjrams. o) Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Tjdm dastaehaøe, gxhkusaøe j rgstrahhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr qug tgenm pjr jo`gtj j rgsuktmdj lgejshmomr j meukmr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg j g`grhahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, ge kms gsigrms0 pjkìtahm, ghjeølahm, sjhamk, hukturmk, havak y kmojrmk, ym sgm ge gk sghtjr pðokahj j pravmdj, j ge humkquagr jtrj íloatj. Tmokm =? - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 7 dgkm Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj 4¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk0 Vmrm gightjs dg km mpkahmhaøe g aetgrprgtmhaøe dg gstm Kgy, sg mdjptme kms sanuagetgs dgiaeahajegs0 m) Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Tjdm dastaehaøe, gxhkusaøe j rgstrahhaøe omsmdm ge gk sgxj qug tgenm pjr jo`gtj j rgsuktmdj lgejshmomr j meukmr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg j g`grhahaj ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, hukturmk,jtrj havak y kmojrmk, ym ge sgmkms ge gsigrms0 gk sghtjrpjkìtahm, pðokahjghjeølahm, j pravmdj, jsjhamk, ge humkquagr íloatj. m) o) Yajkgeham bmham km lu`gr. Mhhaøe j hjeduhtm, ge humkquagr íloatj, qug hmusg lugrtg, dmýj j suiralagetj iìsahj, sgxumk, psahjkønahj, pmtraljeamk j ghjeølahj m km lu`gr, qug sg g`grhg ge gk lmrhj dg rgkmhajegs dgsanumkgs dg pjdgr y dashralaemtjrams alpugstms m km lu`gr j qug km mightm ge ijrlm dgsprjpjrhajemdm.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs 41, 76 y 78 dg gstm Kgy.

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Mrtìhukjs 74. Dg km prjtghhaøe mk eaýj(m) y 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham. Kgy =?=7/=129.Hjevgehaøe pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, HGDM^ Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk eaýj(m). Kgy 967/=117. Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr ‛Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí“0 Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 8, 4, 7, 9, >, 2 y 1. Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs0 ? y 8. Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Vmrtg AA, Mrtìhukj ?. Kgy =966/?666. Hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm.

=89

Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukjs 8. Dgk praehapaj dgk aetgrás supgrajr, 4. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd suosadamram, 7. Dg km jokanmhaøe dg dgeuehamr, ==. Dg km jokanmhaøe dg km mtgehaøe ládahm, =8. Dgk dgrghbj m km smkud, =4. Dgk dgrghbj m km smkud sgxumk y rgprjduhtavm, =9. Dgk dgrghbj m km prjtghhaøe hjetrm sustmehams dmýaems, tmomhj y ogoadms mkhjbøkahms, ?7. Dgk dgrghbj dgk eaýj(m) y mdjkgshgetg m sgr prjtgnadjs(ms) hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg gxpkjtmhaøe, 8=. Dg km prjbaoahaøe dg utakazmr mk eaýj(m) j mdjkgshgetg ge gk hjlgrhaj sgxumk, 88. Dg kms rgstrahhajegs dg kms hmsms dg ùgnj y kjhmkgs bmoakatmdjs pmrm eaýjs(ms) j mdjkgshgetgs y 8>. Dgk sastglm dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk. Kgy 4?17/?6==. ]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm. Kgy 4>22/?6=?. Aetgnrmk hjetrm km trmtm dg pgrsjems.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Ge km prjpugstm jranaemk dgk 8 dg lmrzj dg ?6=7 dg km Hjlasaøe dg @ustaham, Trmom`j y Vrgvasaøe Xjhamk, mk rgspghtj dg ‛Dgiaeahajegs“ dghìm0 ‛Vmrm gightjs dg km mpkahmhaøe g aetgrprgtmhaøe dg gstm Kgy, sg mdjptme kms sanuagetgs dgiaeahajegs0

YAJKGEHAM BMHAM KM LW@G_. Hjeduhtm, ge humkquagr íloatj, qug hmusg lugrtg, dmýj j suiralagetj iìsahj, sgxumk, psahjkønahj, pmtraljeamk j ghjeølahj m km lu`gr, omsmdm ge gk sgxj iglgeaej j km pgrtgegeham m km adgetadmd dg náegrj iglgeaem, qug sg g`grhg ge gk lmrhj dg rgkmhajegs dgsanumkgs dg pjdgr y dashralaemtjrams alpugstms m km lu`gr j qug km mightm ge ijrlm dgsprjpjrhajemdm.

DAXH_ALAEMHAØE HJET_M KM LW@G_. Dastaehaøe, gxhkusaøe j rgstrahhaøe omsmdm ge gk sgxj, hjedahaøe dg lu`gr j adgetadmd dg náegrj iglgeaem qug tgenm pjr jo`gtj j rgsuktmdj lgejshmomr j meukmr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg j g`grhahaj dg dgrghbjs ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, ge kms gsigrms imlakamr, pjkìtahm, ghjeølahm, sjhamk, hukturmk y havak j ge humkquagr jtrm.“

Km JLX dgiaeg vajkgeham hjlj0 ‛Gk usj dgkaogrmdj dg km iugrzm iìsahm j gk pjdgr, ym sgm ge nrmdj dg mlgemzm j gightavj, hjetrm uej laslj, jtrm pgrsjem j ue nrupj j hjlueadmd, qug hmusg j tgenm luhbms prjomoakadmdgs dg hmusmr kgsajegs, lugrtg, dmýjs psahjkønahjs, trmstjrejs dgk dgsmrrjkkj j pravmhajegs.“24

Ge pralgr kunmr, sg josgrvm qug, hjlj praehapmk hmloaj dgsdg km prjpugstm jranaemk, gs km gxhkusaøe dgk tgxtj dg km adgm dg qug km prjtghhaøe gstmtmk sg dgog prjduhar ge ‛humkquagr íloatj“.

24

Dgiaeahaøe tjlmdm dgk Aeijrlg Luedamk sjorg Yajkgeham y Xmkud (?66?) daspjeaokg ge

bttp0//mpps.wbj.aet/aras/oatstrgml/=6997/9>4==/=/m>>=6?Zspm.pdi

=8>

Ge sgnuedj kunmr, sg gxhkuyg dgk tgxtj dgiaeatavj km gxprgsaøe dg ‛adgetadmd dg náegrj iglgeaem“ ge km dgiaeahaøe dgk mkhmehg dg km ej-dashralaemhaøe, bmhagedj ej tmxmtavm km aetgrprgtmhaøe dg qug kjs lghmeasljs y mkhmehg dg km Kgy aehkuyge m kms pgrsjems ej oajkønahmlgetg lu`grgs, hjlj kj gstmokghgrìm km aetgrprgtmhaøe katgrmk dg km Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk ge su Mrtìhukj 49, dg qug ge Vmrmnumy ‛ej sg mdlatge dashralaemhajegs“.


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_ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtm 7.? y Jo`gtavj =9. Lgtms =9.=, =9.? y =9.m. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj. Lgtm prajratmram G. Dgsmiìjs 4>, 78, 79, 7> y 72. Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Tgrhgr aeijrlg sjorg km satumhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge Vmrmnumy dg ?66=. Aeijrlg dg sgnualagetj dg rghjlgedmhajegs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg ?66=. Hjlatá pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?667. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?66>. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=9.

Mrtìhukj 9¶. Vrjljhaøe dg pjkìtahms pðokahms. Ijrlms dg vajkgeham. Kms mutjradmdgs dg mpkahmhaøe dg

km prgsgetg Kgy gstmokghgríe, prjljhajemríe y daiuedaríe pjkìtahms pðokahms daranadms m prgvgear, daslaeuar y gkalaemr kms sanuagetgs ijrlms dg vajkgeham pgrpgtrmdms hjetrm km lu`gr0 m) Yajkgeham iglaeahadm0 Gs km mhhaøe qug mtgetm hjetrm gk dgrghbj iuedmlgetmk m km vadm y hmusm j aetgetm hmusmr km lugrtg dg km lu`gr y qug gstí ljtavmdm pjr su hjedahaøe dg tmk, tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj pravmdj.

=82

o) Yajkgeham iìsahm0 Gs km mhhaøe qug sg glpkgm hjetrm gk hugrpj dg km lu`gr prjduhagedj djkjr, dmýj ge su smkud j ragsnj dg prjduharkj y humkquagr jtrm ijrlm dg lmktrmtj qug mightg su aetgnradmd iìsahm. h) Yajkgeham psahjkønahm0 Mhtj dg dgsvmkjrazmhaøe, bulakkmhaøe, aetaladmhaøe, hjmhhaøe, prgsaøe, bjstanmlagetj, pgrsghuhaøe, mlgemzms, hjetrjk y vanakmeham dgk hjlpjrtmlagetj y maskmlagetj alpugstj m km lu`gr. d) Yajkgeham sgxumk0 Gs km mhhaøe qug alpkahm km vukegrmhaøe dgk dgrghbj dg km lu`gr dg dghadar kaorglgetg mhgrhm dg su vadm sgxumk, m trmvás dg humkquagr ijrlm dg mlgemzm, hjmhhaøe j aetaladmhaøe. g) Yajkgeham hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs0 Gs km mhhaøe qug alpadg, kalatm j vukegrm gk dgrghbj dg km lu`gr m0 =. Dghadar kaorglgetg gk eðlgrj dg ba`js qug dgsgm tgegr y gk aetgrvmkj getrg kjs emhalagetjs3 ?. _ghaoar aeijrlmhaøe, jragetmhaøe, mtgehaøe aetgnrmk y trmtmlagetj durmetg gk glomrmzj j párdadm dgk laslj, pmrtj, pugrpgraj y kmhtmeham3 8. G`grhgr uem lmtgreadmd sgnurm3 4. Gkgnar látjdjs metahjehgptavjs sgnurjs j qug alpkaquge km párdadm dg km mutjejlìm j dg km hmpmhadmd dg dghadar kaorglgetg sjog kjs látjdjs metahjehgptavjs m sgr mdjptmdjs. Gk rghjejhalagetj dg kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs, ge eaenðe hmsj, pjdrí aevjhmrsg pmrm km aetgrruphaøe dgk glomrmzj. i) Yajkgeham pmtraljeamk j ghjeølahm0 Mhhaøe u jlasaøe qug prjduhg dmýj j lgejshmoj ge kjs oagegs, vmkjrgs, rghursjs j aenrgsjs ghjeølahjs prjpajs dgkm lu`gr j dg kjs nmemehamkgs pjr daspjsahaøe ueakmtgrmk, irmudg, dgsmpmrahaøe, jhuktmlagetj, dgstruhhaøe u jtrjs lgdajs, msì

=81

hjlj gk egnmr j alpgdar dg humkquagr ljdj rgmkazmr mhtavadmdgs kmojrmkgs iugrm dgk bjnmr j pravmrkg dg kjs lgdajs aedaspgesmokgs pmrm vavar. n) Yajkgeham kmojrmk0 Gs km mhhaøe dg lmktrmtj j dashralaemhaøe bmham km lu`gr ge gk íloatj dgk trmom`j, g`grhadm pjr supgrajrgs j hjlpmýgrjs dg anumk j aeigrajr `grmrquìm m trmvás dg0 =. Dgshmkaiahmhajegs bulakkmetgs3 ?. Mlgemzms dg dgstatuhaøe j dgspadj aeùstaiahmdj3 8. Dgspadj durmetg gk glomrmzj3 4. Mkusajegs m km vadm pravmdm qug alpkaquge km gxpjsahaøe aedgoadm dg su aetaladmd3 7. Km alpjsahaøe dg tmrgms m`gems m sus iuehajegs3 9. Xgrvahajs kmojrmkgs iugrm dg bjrmrajs ej pmhtmdjs3 >. Egnmhaøe aeùstaiahmdm dg pgrlasjs j kahgehams pjr geigrlgdmd, lmtgreadmd j vmhmhajegs3 2. Xjlgtalagetj m uem satumhaøe dg maskmlagetj sjhamk g`grhadms pjr ljtavjs dashralaemtjrajs dg su mhhgsj mk glpkgj, pgrlmegeham j mshgesj3 1. Km alpjsahaøe dg rgquasatjs qug alpkaquge ue lgejshmoj m su hjedahaøe kmojrmk y gstáe rgkmhajemdjs hje su gstmdj havak, imlakamr, gdmd y mpmrageham iìsahm, aehkuadm km jokanmhaøe dg rgmkazmrsg prugoms dg Yarus dg Aeluejdgiahageham Bulmem YAB/XADM y m km prugom dg glomrmzj. b) Yajkgeham pjkìtahm0 Gs km mhhaøe rgmkazmdm hjetrm km lu`gr qug tgenm hjlj iae rgtmrdmr, jostmhukazmr j alpgdar qug km laslm pmrtahapg dg km vadm pjkìtahm ge humkquagrm dg sus ijrlms y g`grzm kjs dgrghbjs prgvastjs ge km kgy. a) Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr0 Gs km mhhaøe dg vajkgeham iìsahm j psahjkønahm g`grhadm ge gk íloatj imlakamr hjetrm km lu`gr pjr su hjedahaøe dg tmk, pjr pmrtg dg laglorjs dg su nrupj imlakamr. Xg getagedg pjr ‛laglorjs dg su nrupj imlakamr“ m kjs pmragetgs pjr hjesmenuaeadmd j pjr

miaeadmd, m km pgrsjem høeyung j hjevavagetg y m km pmrg`m sgetalgetmk. Gstg vìehukj aehkuyg m kms rgkmhajegs vangetgs j iaemkazmdms, ej sagedj rgquasatj km hjevavgeham. =46

`) Yajkgeham jostátrahm0 Gs km hjeduhtm g`grhadm pjr gk pgrsjemk dg smkud j kms pmrtgrms glpìrahms sjorg gk hugrpj dg kms lu`grgs y dg kjs prjhgsjs iasajkønahjs j pmtjkønahjs prgsgetgs durmetg su glomrmzj, y kms gtmpms rgkmhajemdms hje km ngstmhaøe y gk pmrtj. Gs mk laslj taglpj ue trmtj dgsbulmeazmdj qug vajkm kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs. c) Yajkgeham lgdaítahm0 Gs km hjeduhtm g`grhadm pjr kjs lgdajs dg hjlueahmhaøe sjhamk, m trmvás dg puokahmhajegs u jtrms ijrlms dg daiusaøe j rgprjduhhaøe dg lgesm`gs, hjetgeadjs g alíngegs gstgrgjtapmdms qug prjlugvme km hjsaiahmhaøe, sulasaøe j gxpkjtmhaøe dg lu`grgs j qug prgsgetge m km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr hjlj uem hjeduhtm mhgptmokg. Xg getgedgrí pjr ‛hjsaiahmhaøe“ m km mhhaøe dg rgduhar m km lu`gr m km hjedahaøe dg hjsm.

k) Yajkgeham tgkglítahm0 Gs km mhhaøe pjr lgdaj dg km humk sg daiuedge j puokahme lgesm`gs, ijtjnrmiìms, mudajs, vadgjs u jtrjs qug mightge km daneadmd j aetaladmd dg kms lu`grgs m trmvás dg kms mhtumkgs tghejkjnìms dg aeijrlmhaøe y hjlueahmhaøe, aehkuadj gk usj dg gstjs lgdajs pmrm prjljvgr km hjsaiahmhaøe, sulasaøe j gxpkjtmhaøe dg km lu`gr. Xg getgedgrí pjr ‛hjsaiahmhaøe“ m km mhhaøe dg rgduhar m km lu`gr m km hjedahaøe dg hjsm.

l) Yajkgeham saloøkahm0 Hjesastg ge gk glpkgj j daiusaøe dg lgesm`gs, sìlojkjs, ìhjejs, sanejs qug trmeslatme, rgprjduzhme y hjesjkadge rgkmhajegs dg djlaemhaøe, gxhkusaøe, dgsanumkdmd y dashralaemhaøe, emturmkazmedj km suojrdaemhaøe dg kms lu`grgs. e) Yajkgeham aestatuhajemk0 Mhtjs u jlasajegs hjlgtadjs pjr pgrsjems qug sje iuehajemrams dg humkquagr aestatuhaøe pðokahm j pravmdm, qug tgenme hjlj iae rgtmrdmr j alpgdar m kms lu`grgs gk mhhgsj m sgrvahajs pðokahjs j pravmdjs j qug ge km prgstmhaøe dg gstjs sg kgs mnrgdm j oraedg ue trmtj dashralaemtjraj j bulakkmetg. j) Yajkgeham hjetrm km daneadmd0 Gxprgsaøe vgromk j gshratm dg jigesm j aesuktj qug dgsmhrgdatm, dgshmkaiahm, dgsvmkjrazm, dgnrmdm j mightm km daneadmd dg kms lu`grgs, msì hjlj kjs lgesm`gs pðokahjs dg kms mutjradmdgs, iuehajemrajs j pmrtahukmrgs qug ùstaiaquge j prjlugvme km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs j su dashralaemhaøe ge humkquagr íloatj.

=4=

Tmokm =8 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 9 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj >¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk0 Tapjs dg Yajkgeham. Km prgsgetg Kgy aehkuyg kjs sanuagetgs tapjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, dg lmegrm geuehamtavm0 m) Yajkgeham Iglaeahadm. Gs km mhhaøe qug vajkm gk dgrghbj iuedmlgetmk m km vadm y hmusm km lugrtg dg km lu`gr pjr gk bghbj dg sgrkj, sg rghjejhg km ianurm dgk tapj pgemk iglaeahadaj, huyj lmrhj pgemk sgrí gk gquavmkgetg mk bjlahadaj mnrmvmdj. o) Yajkgeham Iìsahm. Mhhaøe qug jhmsajem kgsajegs j dmýj hjrpjrmk m km lu`gr, prjduhaáedjkg djkjr, dmýj aetgrej, gxtgrej, j mlojs3 tglpjrmk j pgrlmegetg3 qug sg lmeaiagstm dg ijrlm aelgdamtm j ge gk kmrnj pkmzj, glpkgmedj mrlms j humkquagr jtrj lgdaj. (…) d) Yajkgeham Xgxumk. Hjeduhtm pjr km qug sg jokanm m uem lu`gr m lmetgegr hjetmhtj j hjlpjrtmlagetj dg hjetgeadj sgxumk, sgm ngeatmk j ej. g) Yajkgeham Hjetrm kjs Dgrghbjs _gprjduhtavjs. Mhhaøe u jlasaøe qug alpadm, kalatm j vukegrm gk dgrghbj dg km lu`gr m rghaoar aeijrlmhaøe, jragetmhaøe, mtgehaøe aetgnrmk y trmtmlagetj durmetg gk glomrmzj j párdadm dgk laslj, pmrtj, pugrpgraj y kmhtmeham, m dghadar kaorg y rgspjesmokglgetg gk eðlgrj dg ba`ms g ba`js qug dgsgm tgegr, gk gspmhamlagetj dg kjs emhalagetjs, m g`grhgr uem lmtgreadmd sgnurm, m gkgnar látjdjs metahjehgptavjs sgnurjs j qug saneaiaquge km párdadm dg mutjejlìm y hmpmhadmd dg dghadar kaorglgetg sjorg su hugrpj. ]ugdm prjbaoadm km aetgrruphaøe dgk glomrmzj, smkvj km hmusm dg ùstaiahmhaøe gstmokghadm ge gk Hødanj Vgemk. (…) n) Yajkgeham Kmojrmk. Mhhaøe dg lmktrmtj j dashralaemhaøe bmham km lu`gr ge gk íloatj dgk trmom`j, g`grhadm pjr supgrajrgs j hjlpmýgrjs dg anumkj aeigrajr `grmrquìm qug km lu`gr m trmvás dg dgshmkaiahmhajegs bulakkmetgs, mlgemzms dg dgstatuhaøe j dgspadj aeùstaiahmdj, dgspadj m km lu`gr glomrmzmdm, mkusajegs m km vadm pravmdm, alpjsahaøe dg dgogrgs m`gejs m kms iuehajegs, sgrvahajs iugrm dg bjrmrajs ej pmhtmdjs, prjhgsjs mdlaeastrmtavjs aeùstjs, egnmhaøe aeùstaiahmdm dg pgrlasjs j kahgehams pjr geigrlgdmd, lmtgreadmd, vmhmhajegs, sjlgtalagetj m uem satumhaøe dg maskmlagetj sjhamk g`grhadms, aehkuadm km jostmhukazmhaøe, pjr ljtavjs dashralaemtjrajs dg su mhhgsj mk glpkgj, pgrlmegeham j mshgesj, j qug kg alpjeg rgquasatjs sjorg su gstmdj havak, imlakamr, gdmd y mpmrageham iìsahm, aehkuadm km jokanmhaøe dg rgmkazmrsg prugoms dg Yarus dg Aeluejdgiahageham Bulmem YAB/XADM y m km prugom dg glomrmzj. b) Yajkgeham Vjkìtahm. Mhtj dg mnrgsaøe iìsahm, psahjkønahm, prgsaøe, pgrsghuhaøe, bjstanmlagetj j mlgemzm ge hjetrm dg uem lu`gr hmedadmtm, gkghtm, dgsanemdm j ge g`grhahaj dg km iuehaøe pjkìtahj-pðokahm, pjr su hjedahaøe dg lu`gr j bmhagedj =4?

rgigrgeham m su aetaladmd j ge hjetrm dg sus imlakamrgs, hje gk prjpøsatj dg alpgdar qug hjetaeðg ge hmlpmým pjkìtahm, qug rgeuehag m km hmedadmturm j hmrnj qug g`grhg, dg mhjrtmr j suspgedgr su lmedmtj, alpgdar gk g`grhahaj dg sus mtraouhajegs j iuehajegs aebgrgetgs m su hmrnj u jokanmrkg m rgmkazmr mhtjs hjetrmrajs m kms Kgygs. a) Yajkgeham Aetrmimlakamr. Yajkgeham prjduhadm ge km hjlueadmd ijrlmdm pjr aedavadujs qug sje j sg hjesadgrme pmragetgs, ueadjs pjr hjesmenuaeadmd, pjr miaeadmd, j pjr vjkuetmd gxprgsm j tíhatm3 gstm vajkgeham pugdg jhmsajemrsg ge gk íloatj djlástahj j iugrm dg ák. `) Yajkgeham jostátrahm. Mqugkkm qug g`grhg gk pgrsjemk dg smkud sjorg gk hugrpj dg kms lu`grgs y dg kjs prjhgsjs iasajkønahjs j pmtjkønahjs prgsgetgs durmetg su glomrmzj, y kms gtmpms rgkmhajemdms hje km ngstmhaøe. Gs mk laslj taglpj ue trmtj dgsbulmeazmdj qug vajkm kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs. c) Yajkgeham Lgdaítahm. Mhhaøe prjduhadm pjr kjs lgdajs dg hjlueahmhaøe sjhamk m trmvás dg puokahmhajegs u jtrms ijrlms dg daiusaøe j rgprjduhhaøe dg lgesm`gs, hjetgeadjs g alíngegs gstgrgjtapmdms qug prjlugvme km hjsaiahmhaøe, sulasaøe j gxpkjtmhaøe dg lu`grgs j qug rgiugrhge km emturmkazmhaøe dg km vajkgeham. k) Yajkgeham Tgkglítahm. Daiusaøe j puokahmhaøe dg lgesm`gs, ijtjnrmiìms, mudajs, vadgjs u jtrjs qug mightge km daneadmd j aetaladmd dg kms lu`grgs m trmvás dg kms mhtumkgs tghejkjnìms dg aeijrlmhaøe y hjlueahmhaøe, aehkuadj gk usj dg gstjs lgdajs pmrm prjljvgr km hjsaiahmhaøe, sulasaøe j gxpkjtmhaøe dg km lu`gr. l) Yajkgeham Xaloøkahm. Lgesm`gs, sìlojkjs, ìhjejs, sanejs qug trmeslatge, rgprjduhge y hjesjkadme rgkmhajegs dg djlaemhaøe, gxhkusaøe, dgsanumkdmd y dashralaemhaøe, emturmkazmedj km suojrdaemhaøe dg kms lu`grgs.

Xae jtrms ljdaiahmhajegs.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Mrtìhukjs0 4. Dgk Dgrghbj m km vadm, 7. Dg km tjrturm y jtrjs dgkatjs, 1. Dg km kaogrtmd y km sgnuradmd dg kms pgrsjems, =6. Dg km prjshraphaøe dg km gshkmvatud y jtrms sgrvadulorgs, ?>. Dgk glpkgj dg kjs lgdajs lmsavjs dg hjlueahmhaøe, ?1. Dg km kaogrtmd dg g`grhahaj dgk pgrajdaslj, 88. Dgk dgrghbj m km aetaladmd, 46. Dgk dgrghbj m pgtahajemr m kms mutjradmdgs, 74. Dg km prjtghhaøe mk eaýj(m), 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm vajkgeham, Dgk dgrghbj km smkud, >6.kmDgk ránalge dg oagegstmr sjhamk, >8. Dgk kmdgrghbj m km 92. gduhmhaøe y sus miaegs, >7. Dg rgspjesmoakadmd gduhmtavm, 29. Dgk dgrghbj mk trmom`j y sans., =6=. Dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms) y ==>. Dg kjs dgrghbjs pjkìtahjs. Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 8, 7, 9, >, 2, =6, ==, =?, =8, =4 y ?4. Kgy =/=121. Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 4, 7, 9, >, ==, =8, =4, =>, =1, ??, ?8 y ?7. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs dgk eaýj. Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs ?, 8, 4, 9, 1, =? y =7.

=48

Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Mrtìhukjs ?, 8, 9, >, 2, 1, =4, ?4, ?7 y ?9. Kgy 967/=117. Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 8, 4, 7, 9, >, 2 y 1. Kgy =64/=11>. Vrjtjhjkj Mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 8, 9, >, 1, =6, =7 y =9. Kgy =966/?666. Hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukj =. Dgk jo`gtj dg gstg Hødanj y 8>. Dgk sastglm dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk. Kgy 8846/?662. ]ug ljdaiahm kjs Mrtìhukjs =?2, =8?, =88 y =87 (dgk Hødanj Vgemk) y dgrjnm gk Mrtìhukj =86 dgk Hødanj Vgemk Vmrmnumyj Kgy ==96/?66> ljdaiahmdj pjr gk 8446/?662. Kgy 4?17/?6==. ]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm. Kgy 4>22/?6=?. Aetgnrmk hjetrm km trmtm dg pgrsjems.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Ge km prjpugstm jranaemk mk rgspghtj dg ‛Yajkgeham iglaeahadm“ dghìm0 ‛Mhtj dg lmtmr m uem lu`gr pjr rmzjegs dg náegrj y/j hjlj huklaemhaøe dgk g`grhahaj dg uem sgrag dg hjeduhtms j mhtjs vajkgetjs dg davgrsm emturmkgzm g`grhadjs hjetrm gkkm, qug pugdge dmrsg ge gk lmrhj dg rgkmhajegs dg pmrg`m, imlakamrgs, kmojrmkgs u jtrms meíkjnms j mqugkkms g`grhadms pjr ue gxtrmýj, pudagedj metghgdgr m km lugrtg jtrjs dgkatjs hjetrm km kaogrtmd sgxumk, km aetgnradmd j km kaogrtmd pgrsjemk, getrg jtrjs.“

Mk rgspghtj dg ‛Yajkgeham sgxumk“, km dgiaeìm hjlj0 ‛Hjeduhtm pjr km qug sg jokanm m uem lu`gr m lmetgegr hjetmhtj j hjlpjrtmlagetj dg hjetgeadj sgxumk, sgm ngeatmk j ej, msì hjlj jtrm mhhaøe j hjeduhtm qug vukegrg gk dgrghbj dg km lu`gr m dghadar vjkuetmram y kaorglgetg su sgxumkadmd.“

Mk rgspghtj dg ‛Yajkgeham pjkìtahm“, sgýmkmom0 ‛Mhtj dg mnrgsaøe iìsahm, sahjkønahm, prgsaøe, pgrsghuhaøe, bjstanmlagetj j mlgemzm ge hjetrm dg uem lu`gr hmedadmtm, gkghtm, dgsanemdm j ge g`grhahaj dg km iuehaøe pjkìtahj-pðokahm, pjr su hjedahaøe dg lu`gr j bmhagedj rgigrgeham m su sgxumkadmd j aetaladmd, j ge hjetrm dg sus imlakamrgs bmstm gk =gr. Nrmdj dg hjesmenuaeadmd, hje gk prjpøsatj dg alpgdar qug hjetaeðg ge hmlpmým pjkìtahm, qug rgeuehag m km hmedadmturm j hmrnj qug g`grhg, dg mhjrtmr j suspgedgr su lmedmtj, alpgdar gk g`grhahaj dg sus mtraouhajegs j iuehajegs aebgrgetgs m su hmrnj u jokanmrkg m rgmkazmr mhtjs hjetrmrajs m kms Kgygs.“

Msalaslj, dgiaeìm ‛Yajkgeham Aetrmimlakamr j Djlástahm“ hjlj km ‛Mnrgsaøe iìsahm, psahjkønahm j sgxumk ge hjetrm dg km lu`gr qug sg prjduzhm dgetrj dg kms rgkmhajegs dg pmrgetgshj, j ge gk gspmhaj dg hjevavgeham, g`grhadm pjr pmrtg dgk høeyung, hjehuoaej, gx høeyung, gx hjehuoaej, pgrsjem hje quage lmetageg j lmetuvj =44

rgkmhaøe dg mightavadmd j ge gk lmrhj dg humkquagrm jtrm rgkmhaøe salakmr dg aetaladmd j mightavadmd.“

Mk rgspghtj dg ‛Yajkgeham jostátrahm“ dghìm qug grm ‛mqugkkm qug g`grhg gk pgrsjemk dg smkud sjorg gk hugrpj y kjs prjhgsjs rgprjduhtavjs dg kms lu`grgs, gxprgsmdm ge ue trmtj dgsbulmeazmdj, ue mousj dg lgdahmkazmhaøe y pmtjkjnazmhaøe dg kjs prjhgsjs emturmkgs.“

Mk rgspghtj dg ‛Yajkgeham Hjetrm kjs Dgrghbjs _gprjduhtavjs“, rgigrìm ‛ Mhhaøe u jlasaøe qug alpadm, kalatm j vukegrm gk dgrghbj dg km lu`gr m rghaoar aeijrlmhaøe, jragetmhaøe, mtgehaøe aetgnrmk y trmtmlagetj durmetg gk glomrmzj j párdadm dgk laslj, pmrtj, pugrpgraj y kmhtmeham3 m dghadar kaorg y rgspjesmokglgetg gk eðlgrj dg ba`ms g ba`js qug dgsgm tgegr3 gk gspmhamlagetj dg kjs emhalagetjs, m g`grhgr uem lmtgreadmd sgnurm, m gkgnar látjdjs metahjehgptavjs sgnurjs j qug saneaiaquge km párdadm dg mutjejlìm y hmpmhadmd dg dghadar kaorglgetg sjorg su hugrpj y sgxumkadmd.“

Xg josgrvm qug, smkvj ge gk hmsj dg Yajkgeham Iglaeahadm tapaiahmdj ge gk Mrtìhukj 76 dg gstm Kgy, eaenuem dg kms jtrms ijrlms dg vajkgeham dgshraptms bm sadj tapaiahmdms u bjljkjnmdms ge su dgshraphaøe hje mknuej dg kjs tapjs pgemkgs gxastgetgs mhtumklgetg ge gk pmìs, kj qug daiahuktm km pgrsghuhaøe pgemk m pgsmr dg qug sg geueham ge gk Mrtìhukj 41 qug tjdms gstms ijrlms dg vajkgeham sje dg mhhaøe pgemk pðokahm.

Dg km hjlpmrmhaøe dg kjs tgxtjs jranaemkgs mk dgiaeatavj sg josgrvm qug kms dgiaeahajegs dg vajkgeham iugrje rgstraenadms, pjeagedj ge ragsnj qug km aetgrprgtmhaøe dgk tgxtj kgnmk pjenm ge ragsnj km vadm g aetgnradmd iìsahm dg km lu`gr, gspghamklgetg ge gk hmsj dg dgrghbjs sgxumkgs y rgprjduhtavjs.

Hjesadgrmedj kjs mktjs ìedahgs ge gk pmìs rgkmtavjs m gxpkjtmhaøe sgxumk, mousj sgxumk y vajkgeham sgxumk bmham lu`grgs dg tjdms kms gdmdgs y eaýms, aehkuygedj glomrmzjs prghjhgs rgnastrmdjs ge gdmdgs tme tglprmems hjlj kjs 1 mýjs27, kkmlm km mtgehaøe ge pmrtahukmr gk hmloaj josgrvmdj ge gk hmsj dg km dgiaeahaøe dg gsm ijrlm dg vajkgeham ge km qug gk tgxtj hmloam dg0 ‛Hjeduhtm pjr km qug sg jokanm m uem lu`gr m lmetgegr hjetmhtj j hjlpjrtmlagetj dg hjetgeadj sgxumk, sgm ngeatmk j ej, msì hjlj jtrm mhhaøe j hjeduhtm qug vukegrg gk dgrghbj dg km lu`gr m dghadar vjkuetmram y kaorglgetg su sgxumkadmd“, m ‛ Gs km mhhaøe qug alpkahm km vukegrmhaøe dgk dgrghbj dg km lu`gr dg dghadar kaorglgetg mhgrhm dg su vadm sgxumk, m trmvás dg humkquagr ijrlm dg mlgemzm, hjmhhaøe j aetaladmhaøe.“

27

Ge gk dìm 4 dg morak dg ?6=9, durmetg su =79 pgrajdj dg sgsajegs, sg rgmkazø uem mudageham tglítahm metg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge km qug sg gxpusj km prjokglítahm gspghìiahm dg vajkgeham sgxumk qug mightm gspghamklgetg m eaýms y lu`grgs mdjkgshgetgs ge Vmrmnumy. Km mudageham hjlpkgtm sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge gk gekmhg bttps0//www.yjutuog.hjl/wmthb:v<`hTdh=XKerj

=47

Muequg gk tgxtj dg km Kgy prjluknmdm, dg ijrlm ngegrmk pjdrìm aetgrprgtmrsg ge km kìegm dgk tgxtj jranaemk ge aetgrprgtmhajegs mlpkams dg kjs tapjs pgemkgs y hjeduhtms lgehajemdms (mlgemzm, hjmhhaøe, aetaladmhaøe, gth.) rgsuktm ge uem gxprgsaøe mloanum y pjhj hkmrm qug kalatm km aetgehaøe dg mojrdmr gspghamklgetg gstm prjokglítahm y ej gstmokghg pmutms lìealms dg aetgrprgtmhaøe mkaegmdms dg mhugrdj mk tgxtj dgk Hødanj Vgemk kalatmedj tjdm pjtgehamk tapaiahmhaøe m tapjs pgemkgs hje smehaøe dg luktms ge darghtm hjetrmdahhaøe hje gk hjlprjlasj aetgremhajemk dg hjetraouar m km grrmdahmhaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. Ge lmtgram dg vajkgeham y vajkgeham sgxumk j dg hmríhtgr sgxumk hjetrm pgrsjems qug sgme lgejrgs dg =2 mýjs, gstm Kgy ej mktgrm ea hjetraouyg dg lmegrm tmxmtavm m kj sgýmkmdj ge gk Hødanj Vgemk vangetg hje su ljdaiahmhaøe pjr lgdaj dg km Kgy 8446/?662.

M hjetaeumhaøe, sg prjpjeg uem pjtgehamk vaehukmhaøe dg kjs tapjs pgemkgs vangetgs hjetrm kms pgrsjems irgetg m kjs tapjs dg vajkgeham dgshratjs ge km eugvm Kgy 7>>>/=90

Hødanj Vgemk Mrtìhukj =62.- Aetgrvgehaøe ge gk suahadaj. =. Gk qug aehatmrg m jtrj m hjlgtgr suahadaj j kj myudmrg, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg trgs m dagz mýjs. ?. Gk qug ej kj alpadagrg, pudagedj bmhgrkj sae ragsnj pmrm su vadm, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg uej m trgs mýjs. Ge gstjs hmsjs km pgem pjdrí sgr mtgeumdm hje mrrgnkj mk mrtìhukj 9> Mrtìhukj =61.- Mojrtj. =. Gk qug lmtmrg m ue igtj sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm haehj mýjs. Xg hmstanmrí tmloaáe km tgetmtavm. ?. Km pgem pjdrí sgr mulgetmdm bmstm jhbj mýjs, humedj gk mutjr0 a. jormrm sae hjesgetalagetj dg km glomrmzmdm3 j aa. hje su aetgrvgehaøe hmusmrm gk pgkanrj sgraj dg qug km glomrmzmdm lugrm j suirm uem Humedj gkkgsaøe bghbjnrmvg. sg rgmkazmrg pjr km glomrmzmdm, mhtumedj gkkm sjkm j imhakatmedj km aetgrvgehaøe dg ue tgrhgrj, km pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd sgrí dg bmstm djs mýjs. Ge gstg hmsj ej sg hmstanmrí km tgetmtavm. Ge km lgdahaøe dg km pgem sg hjesadgrmrí, gspghamklgetg, sa gk bghbj bmym sadj ljtavmdj pjr km imktm dgk mpjyj nmrmetazmdj mk eaýj ge km Hjestatuhaøe. 4. Ej jorm metaùrìdahmlgetg gk qug prjdu`grm aedarghtmlgetg km lugrtg dg ue igtj, sa gstj, sgnðe kjs hjejhalagetjs y kms gxpgragehams dgk mrtg ládahj, iugrm eghgsmraj pmrm prjtgngr dg ue pgkanrj sgraj km vadm dg km lmdrg. Mrtìhukj ==6.- Lmktrmtj iìsahj. =. Gk qug lmktrmtmrm iìsahmlgetg m jtrj, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem dg bmstm hagetj jhbgetm dìms-luktm. ?. Humedj km vìhtalm sgm ue eaýj, km pgem pravmtavm dg

Tapjs dg Yajkgeham sgnðe Kgy 7>>> Yajkgeham iglaeahadm Yajkgeham psahjkønahm Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr

Yajkgeham hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr

8.

Yajkgeham iìsahm Yajkgeham hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr

kaogrtmd sgrí dg bmstm ue mýj j luktm.

=49

8.

Km pgrsghuhaøe pgemk dgk bghbj dgpgedgrí dg km aestmeham dg km vìhtalm, smkvj qug km prjtghhaøe dg gstm j dg tgrhgrjs rgquagrm uem pgrsghuhaøe dg jiahaj. Mrtìhukj ===.- Kgsaøe. =. Gk qug dmýmrm km smkud dg jtrj sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm ue mýj j hje luktm. ?. Ge kjs hmsjs dgk aehasj metgrajr sg mpkahmrí kj daspugstj ge gk mrtìhukj ==6, aehasj 8¶. 8. Humedj gk mutjr utakazmrm vgegej, mrlm okmehm, dg iugnj j hjetuedgetg j sjlgtagrm m km vìhtalm m nrmvgs djkjrgs iìsahjs j psìquahjs, sg mpkahmrí uem pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm trgs mýjs j luktm.

Mrtìhukj. ==8.- Kgsaøe hukpjsm. =. Gk qug pjr mhhaøe hukpjsm hmusm m jtrj ue dmýj ge su smkud, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm ue mýj j hje luktm. ?. Km pgrsghuhaøe pgemk dgk bghbj dgpgedgrí dg km aestmeham dg kmrgquagrm vìhtalm,uem smkvj qug km prjtghhaøe j dg tgrhgrjs pgrsghuhaøe dg jiahaj.dg gstm Mrtìhukj =?7.- Gxtrmýmlagetj dg pgrsjems. =. Gk qug lgdametg iugrzm, genmýj j mlgemzm hjedu`grm m jtrj iugrm dgk tgrratjraj emhajemk pmrm gxpjegrkg m ue ránalge qug pusagrm ge pgkanrj su vadm, su aetgnradmd iìsahm j su kaogrtmd, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm dagz mýjs. ?. Gk qug mhtumrm sae aetgehaøe, pgrj prgvagedj km gxpjsahaøe dgk jtrj mk ránalge dgshratj ge gk aehasj metgrajr, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm haehj mýjs. 8. Humedj km vìhtalm sgm lgejr dg daghajhbj mýjs, km pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd sgrí dg bmstm djhg mýjs. 4. Xgrí hmstanmdm tmloaáe km tgetmtavm. Mrtìhukj =?9.- Xghugstrj. =. Gk qug hje km aetgehaøe dg jotgegr pmrm sì j pmrm ue

?. 8.

4.

Yajkgeham iglaeahadm Yajkgeham iìsahm Yajkgeham psahjkønahm Yajkgeham hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs Yajkgeham pmtraljeamk y ghjeølahmkmojrmk Yajkgeham Yajkgeham pjkìtahm Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr Yajkgeham jostátrahm Yajkgeham lgdaítahm Yajkgeham tgkglítahm Yajkgeham saloøkahm Yajkgeham aestatuhajemk Yajkgeham hjetrm km daneadmd Yajkgeham iglaeahadm Yajkgeham iìsahm Yajkgeham psahjkønahm Yajkgeham hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr Yajkgeham iglaeahadm Yajkgeham psahjkønahm

Yajkgeham iglaeahadm Yajkgeham psahjkønahm

tgrhgrj uepravmrm ogegiahaj pmtraljeamk u jtrmsgrí vgetm`m aedgoadm, m jtrj dg su kaogrtmd, hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg haehj m quaehg mýjs. Km pgem pjdrí sgr mulgetmdm bmstm vgaetg mýjs, humedj gk mutjr mhtumrm hje km aetgehaøe dg hmusmr km menustam dg km vìhtalm j dg tgrhgrjs. Humedj mk rgmkazmr gk sghugstrj gk mutjr j pmrtìhapg0 m. lmtmrm m jtrj, km pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd sgrí ej lgejr dg dagz o. hmusmrm km lugrtg pjr mhhaøe hukpjsm, km pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd sgrí dg dagz m vgaetg mýjs. Humedj gk rgsuktmdj iugrm uem kgsaøe nrmvg ge sgetadj dgk mrtìhukj ==?, prjduhadm djkjsmlgetg, km pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd sgrí dg jhbj m vgaetg mýjs. Humedj gstg rgsuktmdj iugrm hmusmdj lgdametg uem mhhaøe hukpjsm, km pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd sgrí dg jhbj m daghasáas mýjs.

=4>

7.

Humedj gk mutjr, rgeuehamedj m km vgetm`m prgtgedadm, pusagrm ge kaogrtmd m km vìhtalm ge su íloatj dg vadm, km pgem pjdrí sgr mtgeumdm hje mrrgnkj mk mrtìhukj 9>. Xa km vìhtalm buoagrm rgnrgsmdj m su íloatj dg vadm pjr jtrms rmzjegs, sgrí suiahagetg pmrm mpkahmr km mtgeumhaøe aedahmdm, qug gk mutjr bmym trmtmdj dg bmhgrkj vjkuetmram y sgramlgetg. 9. Gk qug, bmoagedj pmrtahapmdj hje jtrjs ge km rgmkazmhaøe dgk bghbj, kugnj hjkmojrg ge ijrlm giahmz ge km kaogrmhaøe dg km vìhtalm j ge km mhrgdatmhaøe dg km pmrtahapmhaøe dg kjs dglís, pjdrí sgr hmstanmdj hje uem pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd mtgeumdm bmstm km latmd dgk lmrhj pgemk prgvastj. Mrtìhukj =?2.- Hjmhhaøe sgxumk y vajkmhaøe. =. Gk qug, lgdametg iugrzm j mlgemzm hje pgkanrj prgsgetg pmrm km vadm j km aetgnradmd iìsahm, hjmhhajemrm m jtrj m pmdghgr ge su pgrsjem mhtjs sgxumkgs, j m rgmkazmr tmkgs mhtjs ge sì laslj j hje tgrhgrjs, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm dagz mýjs. ?. Humedj km vìhtalm bmym sadj vajkmdm, hjmhhajeíedjsg km mk hjatj hje gk mutjr j hje tgrhgrjs, km pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd sgrí dg trgs m djhg mýjs. 8. Humedj km vìhtalm dgk hjatj bmym sadj uem pgrsjem lgejr dg daghajhbj mýjs dg gdmd, km pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd sgrí dg trgs m quaehg mýjs. 4. Km pgem pjdrí sgr mtgeumdm hje mrrgnkj mk mrtìhukj 9> humedj dg km rgkmhaøe dg km vìhtalm hje gk mutjr, surnagrge hjesadgrmokgs kj mlgratge. M kjs gightjs dg gstm Kgyharhuestmehams sg getgedgríequg hjlj mhtjs sgxumkgs, mqugkkjs dgstaemdjs m gxhatmr j smtasimhgr kjs alpuksjs dg km kaoadj, saglprg qug, rgspghtj m kjs oagegs ùrìdahjs prjtgnadjs, km mutjejlìm sgxumk y gk dgsmrrjkkj sgxumk mrløeahj dg eaýjs y mdjkgshgetgs, sgme lmeaiagstmlgetg rgkgvmetgs3 mhtjs sgxumkgs rgmkazmdjs metg jtrj, mqugkkjs ge gk sgetadj dgk eulgrmk metgrajr qug gk jtrj pgrhaoagrm m trmvás dg sus sgetadjs. Mrtìhukj =?1m.- _uiamegrìm. Gk qug gxpkjtmrm m uem pgrsjem qug g`grhg km prjstatuhaøe, mprjvghbíedjsg dg kms nmemehams dg gkkm, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm haehj mýjs.

Yajkgeham iglaeahadm Yajkgeham iìsahm Yajkgeham psahjkønahm Yajkgeham hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr Yajkgeham hjetrm km daneadmd

7.

Mrtìhukj =?1o.- Trmtm dg pgrsjems hje iaegs dg su gxpkjtmhaøe sgxumk. =. Gk qug, vmkaáedjsg dg uem satumhaøe dg hjestrgýalagetj j vukegrmoakadmd dg jtrj pjr gehjetrmrsg ge ue pmìs gxtrme`grj, kg aeduzhm j hjmhhajeg mk g`grhahaj j m km hjetaeumhaøe dgk g`grhahaj dg km prjstatuhaøe j m km rgmkazmhaøe dg mhtjs sgxumkgs ge sa, hje jtrj j metg jtrj, hje iaegs dg gxpkjtmhaøe sgxumk, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm jhbj mýjs. Hje km laslm pgem sgrí hmstanmdj gk qug aeduzhm m jtrm pgrsjem lgejr dg daghajhbj mýjs mk g`grhahaj j km hjetaeumhaøe dgk g`grhahaj dg km prjstatuhaøe j m km rgmkazmhaøe dg kjs mhtjs sgýmkmdjs ge gk pírrmij =6. ?. Hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm djhg mýjs sgrí hmstanmdj gk qug, lgdametg iugrzm, mlgemzm hje ue lmk hjesadgrmokg j genmýj0 m. aeduzhm m jtrj mk g`grhahaj j km hjetaeumhaøe dgk g`grhahaj dg km prjstatuhaøe j m km

Yajkgeham iìsahm Yajkgeham psahjkønahm Yajkgeham hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr Yajkgeham hjetrm km daneadmd iglaeahadm Yajkgeham iìsahm Yajkgeham psahjkønahm Yajkgeham hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr Yajkgeham hjetrm km daneadmd

=42

rgmkazmhaøe dg mhtjs sgxumkgs sgýmkmdjs ge gk aehasj =6, pírrmij ?3 o. hmptmrm m jtrj hje km aetgehaøe dg aeduharkg mk g`grhahaj j km hjetaeumhaøe dgk g`grhahaj dg km prjstatuhaøe j m km rgmkazmhaøe dg mhtjs sgxumkgs sgýmkmdjs ge gk aehasj =6, pírrmij ?. 8. Km laslm pgem sg mpkahmrí, humedj km vìhtalm sgm0 m. uem pgrsjem lgejr dg hmtjrhg mýjs3 j o. gxpugstm. mk rgmkazmrsg gk bghbj, m lmktrmtjs iìsahjs nrmvgs j ue pgkanrj pmrm su vadm. 4. Hje km laslm pgem sgrí hmstanmdj gk qug mhtumrm hjlgrhamklgetg j hjlj laglorj dg uem omedm qug sg bm ijrlmdj pmrm km rgmkazmhaøe dg bghbjs sgýmkmdjs ge kjs aehasjs metgrajrgs. Ge gstg hmsj sg mpkahmrí tmloaáe kj daspugstj ge kjs mrtìhukjs 7> y 14. Gk hjesgetalagetj dmdj pjr km vìhtalm m tjdm ijrlm dg gxpkjtmhaøe ej sg tgedrí ge hugetm humedj sg bmym rghurradj m humkquagrm dg kjs lgdajs geuehamdjs ge gstg mrtìhukj. Mrtìhukj =?1h.- Trmtm dg pgrsjems hje iaegs dg su gxpkjtmhaøe pgrsjemk y kmojrmk. =. Gk qug, vmkaáedjsg dg km satumhaøe dg hjestrgýalagetj j vukegrmoakadmd dg jtrj pjr gehjetrmrsg ge ue pmìs gxtrme`grj, kg sjlgtm m gshkmvatud, sgrvadulorg. trmom`js ijrzmdjs j hjedahajegs meíkjnms j kg bmnm rgmkazmr j sgnuar rgmkazmedj trmom`js ge hjedahajegs dgsprjpjrhajemdmlgetg aeigrajrgs m kms dg jtrms pgrsjems qug rgmkazme trmom`js adáetahjs j salakmrgs,

?.

sgrí pgem pravmtavm kaogrtmd dg jhbjhmstanmdj mýjs. Hjehje km laslm pgem sgrídghmstanmdj gk bmstm qug sjlgtm m ue lgejr dg daghajhbj mýjs m gshkmvatud, sgrvadulorg, trmom`js ijrzmdjs j hjedahajegs meíkjnms j m km rgmkazmhaøe dg trmom`js sgýmkmdjs ge gk pírrmij =. Hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm djhg mýjs sgrí hmstanmdj gk qug, lgdametg iugrzm, mlgemzm hje ue lmk hjesadgrmokg j genmýj0 m) sjlgtm m jtrj m gshkmvatud, sgrvadulorg, trmom`js ijrzmdjs j hjedahajegs meíkjnms j kg bmnm rgmkazmr j hjetaeumr rgmkazmedj trmom`js sgýmkmdjs ge gk aehasj = 6, pírrmij =3 o) hmptmrm m jtrj hje km aetgehaøe dg sjlgtgrkg m gshkmvatud, sgrvadulorg, trmom`js ijrzmdjs j hjedahajegs meíkjnms j dg bmhgrkg rgmkazmr j hjetaeumr rgmkazmedj trmom`js sgýmkmdjs ge gk aehasj =6, pírrmij =3

h) hmptmrm m jtrj hje km aetgehaøe imhakatmr km gxtrmhhaøe ej hjesgetadm dg susdgørnmejs. Xg mpkahmrí tmloaáe kj daspugstj ge gk mrtìhukj =?1o, aehasjs 8¶ y 4¶. Gk hjesgetalagetj dmdj pjr km vahtalm m tjdm ijrlm dg gxpkjtmhaøe ej sg tgedrí ge hugetm humedj sg bmym rghurradj m humkquagrm dg kjs lgdajs geuehamdjs ge gstg mrtìhukj. Mrtìhukj =8=.- Mousj sgxumk ge pgrsjems aetgremdms. =. Gk qug ge gk aetgrajr dg uem aestatuhaøe hgrrmdm j dg km pmrtg hgrrmdm dg uem aestatuhaøe0 m. rgmkazmrm mhtjs sgxumkgs hje aetgremdjs om`j su vanakmeham j msgsjrmlagetj, j o. bahagrm rgmkazmr m km vìhtalm tmkgs mhtjs ge sa laslj j hje tgrhgrjs, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm trgs mýjs j hje luktm. ?. Humedj gk mutjr iugsg ue iuehajemraj, km pgem pjdrí sgr mulgetmdm m pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg haehj mýjs 8.

Yajkgeham iglaeahadm Yajkgeham iìsahm Yajkgeham psahjkønahm Yajkgeham hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr Yajkgeham hjetrm km daneadmd

=41

Mrtìhukj =8?.- Mhtjs gxbaoahajeastms. =. Gk qug rgmkazmrm mhtjs joshgejs qug jigedme gk pudjr dg kms pgrsjems dg lmegrm m aequagtmr j mnrmvamr dg ljdj rgkgvmetg m tgrhgrjs, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm ue mýj j luktm. ?. Xg pjdrí prgshaedar dg km g`ghuhaøe dg km pgem humedj gk mutjr sg sjlgtagrm m ue trmtmlagetj adøegj. Xgrí mpkahmokg, ge kj pgrtaegetg, gk mrtìhukj 41. Mrtìhukj =84.- Lmktrmtj dg eaýjs(ms) y mdjkgshgetgs om`j tutgkm. Gk gehmrnmdj dg km gduhmhaøe, tutgkm j numrdm dg uem pgrsjem lgejr dg daghajhbj mýjs dg gdmd, qug sjlgtagrm m ástg m suiralagetjs sìquahjs, lmktrmtjs nrmvgs y rgpgtadjs j kgsajegs ge su smkud, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm trgs mýjs j hje luktm, smkvj qug gk bghbj sgm pueaokg hjlj kgsaøe nrmvg sgnðe gk mrtìhukj ==?. Mrtìhukj =87.- Mousj sgxumk ge eaýjs(ms). =. Gk qug rgmkazmrm mhtjs sgxumkgs hje ue eaýj(m) j kj aedu`grm m rgmkazmrkjs ge sa laslj j m tgrhgrjs, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm trgs mýjs j hje luktm. Hje km laslm pgem sgrí hmstanmdj gk qug rgmkazmrm mhtjs sgxumkgs lmeaiagstmlgetg rgkgvmetgs metg ue eaýj(m) y daranadjs m ák, j kj aedu`grm m rgmkazmrkjs metg sa j metg tgrhgrjs. ?. Ge kjs hmsjs sgýmkmdjs ge gk aehasj metgrajr km pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd sgrí mulgetmdm bmstm haehj mýjs

8. 4.

7.

Yajkgeham psahjkønahm Yajkgeham hjetrm km daneadmd

Yajkgeham iglaeahadm Yajkgeham iìsahm Yajkgeham psahjkønahm Yajkgeham hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr Yajkgeham hjetrm km daneadmd Yajkgeham iglaeahadm Yajkgeham iìsahm Yajkgeham psahjkønahm Yajkgeham hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr Yajkgeham hjetrm km daneadmd

humedj gk mutjr0 (a) mk rgmkazmr gk bghbj iìsahmlgetg m km vìhtalm ge ijrlm nrmvg3bmym (aa) lmktrmtmdj bmym mousmdj dg km vìhtalm ge davgrsms jhmsajegs3 j (aaa) bmym hjlgtadj gk bghbj hje ue eaýj qug sgm su ba`j oajkønahj, mdjptavj j ba`mstrj, j hje ue eaýj(m) huym gduhmhaøe, tutgkm j numrdm gstá m su hmrnj. Humedj hjehurrme vmrajs mnrmvmetgs dg kjs sgýmkmdjs ge gk aehasj ?¶, gk mutjr sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm sgas mýjs. Ge kjs hmsjs sgýmkmdjs ge gk aehasj =¶, km pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd sgrí dg trgs m djhg mýjs humedj gk mutjr bmym rgmkazmdj gk hjatj hje km vìhtalm. Ge hmsj dg qug km vìhtalm sgm lgejr dg dagz mýjs, km pgem pjdrí mulgetmrsg bmstm quaehg mýjs. Xgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem dg luktm gk qug0 (a) rgmkazmrm dgkmetg dg ue eaýj mhtjs gxbaoahajeastms mptjs pmrm pgrturomrkg3 j (aa) hje lmeaigstmhajegs vgromkgs

joshgems j puokahmhajegs ge kjs tárlaejs dgk mrtìhukj =4, aehasj 8¶ sgpjrejnríiahms daranagrm mk eaýj pmrm gstalukmrkj sgxumklgetg j hmusmrkg rghbmzj rgspghtj mk sgxj. 9. Humedj gk mutjr sgm lgejr dg dagz y jhbj mýjs, sg pjdrí prgshaedar dg km pgem. >. Ge kjs hmsjs dg kjs aehasjs =¶ y 7¶ sg pjdrí prgshaedar dg km pgrsghuhaøe pgemk, humedj gk prjhgdalagetj pgemk aetgesaiahmrm dgsprjpjrhajemdmlgetg gk dmýj jhmsajemdj m km vìhtalm. 2. Xg getgedgrí pjr eaýj(m), m kjs gightjs dg gstg mrtìhukj, m km pgrsjem lgejr dg hmtjrhg mýjs. Mrtìhukj =8>.- Gstuprj. =. Gk bjlorg qug pjr lgdaj dg km pgrsumsaøe kjnrmrm rgmkazmr gk hjatj gxtrmlmratmk hje uem lu`gr dg hmtjrhg m daghasáas mýjs, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem dg luktm. ?. Humedj gk mutjr sgm lgejr dg daghajhbj mýjs sg pjdrí prgshaedar dg km pgem.

Yajkgeham iglaeahadm Yajkgeham iìsahm Yajkgeham psahjkønahm Yajkgeham hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs =76

Mrtìhukj =82.- Mhtjs bjljsgxumkgs hje pgrsjems lgejrgs. Gk qug sagedj lmyjr dg gdmd rgmkazmrm mhtjs sgxumkgs hje uem pgrsjem dgk laslj sgxj, dg hmtjrhg m daghasáas mýjs, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm djs mýjs j hje luktm. Mrtìhukj =81.- Vrjxgegtaslj. =. Gk qug aedu`grm m km prjstatuhaøe m uem pgrsjem0 (a) lgejr dg daghasáas mýjs dg gdmd3 (aa) getrg daghasáas mýjs y km lmyjrìm dg gdmd, mousmedj dg su dgsmlpmrj, hjeiamezm j aengeuadmd3 j (aaa) getrg daghasáas mýjs y km lmyjrìm dg gdmd, huym gduhmhaøe gstá m su hmrnj, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm haehj mýjs j luktm. ?. Humedj gk mutjr mhtumrm hjlgrhamklgetg, gk hmstanj sgrí mulgetmdj m pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm sgas mýjs. Xg mpkahmrí tmloaáe kj daspugstj ge kjs mrtìhukjs 7> y 14. 8. Humedj km vìhtalm sgm lgejr dg hmtjrhg mýjs, gk hmstanj sgrí mulgetmdj m pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm jhbj mýjs. Mrtìhukj =46.- Vjrejnrmiìm rgkmtavm m eaýjs y mdjkgshgetgs. =. Gk qug0 (a) pjr humkquagr lgdaj prjdu`grg puokahmhajegs, qug hjetgenme hjlj tglítahm mhtjs

?. 8.

4.

sgxumkgs pmrtahapmhaøe dg ousquge pgrsjems gxhatmr lgejrgsgkdg daghajhbjhje mýjs dg gdmd y qug mpgtatj sgxumk, msì hjlj km gxbaoahaøe dg sus pmrtgs ngeatmkgs hje iaegs pjrejnríiahjs3 (aa) jrnmeazmrm, iaemehamrm j prjljhajemrm gspghtíhukjs, pðokahjs j pravmdjs, ge kjs qug pmrtahapg uem pgrsjem lgejr dg daghajhbj mýjs ge km rgmkazmhaøe dg mhtjs sgxumkgs3 j (aaa) dastraouygrm, alpjrtmrm, gxpjrtmrm, jigrtmrm hme`gmrm, gxbaoagrm, daiuedagrm, prjljhajemrm j iaemehamrm km prjduhhaøe j rgprjduhhaøe dg puokahmhajegs ge sgetadj dgk eulgrmk =, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm haehj mýjs j luktm. Gk qug rgprjdu`grm puokahmhajegs sgnðe gk eulgrmk = dgk aehasj =¶, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm trgs mýjs j luktm. Km pgem dg kjs aehasjs metgrajrgs pjdrí sgr mulgetmdm bmstm dagz mýjs, humedj0 (a) kms puokahmhajegs y

Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr Yajkgeham hjetrm km daneadmd Yajkgeham iìsahm Yajkgeham psahjkønahm Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr Yajkgeham hjetrm km daneadmd Yajkgeham iglaeahadm Yajkgeham iìsahm Yajkgeham psahjkønahm Yajkgeham hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr Yajkgeham hjetrm km daneadmd

Yajkgeham iìsahm Yajkgeham psahjkønahm Yajkgeham hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr Yajkgeham lgdaítahm Yajkgeham tgkglítahm Yajkgeham saloøkahm Yajkgeham aestatuhajemk Yajkgeham hjetrm km daneadmd

gspghtíhukjs ge gk sgetadj dg kjs aehasjs y ?¶ tuvagrm sg rgiagrme m lgejrgs dg hmtjrhg mýjs3 (aa) gk=¶mutjr km pmtram pjtgstmd, dgogr dg numrdm j tutgkm dgk eaýj j mdjkgshgetg, j sg kg buoagrg hjeiamdj km gduhmhaøe j huadmdj dgk laslj3 (aaa) gk mutjr jpgrmrm ge hjeeavgeham hje pgrsjems m quagegs hjlpgtm ue dgogr dg gduhmhaøe, numrdm j tutgkm rgspghtj dgk eaýj j mdjkgshgetg3 (av) gk mutjr buoagrg prjhgdadj, rgspghtj dgk eaýj j mdjkgshgetg, hje vajkgeham, iugrzm, mlgemzm, hjmhhaøe, genmýj, rghjlpgesm j prjlgsm rgluegrmtjram dg humkquagr gspghag3 j (v) gk mutjr mhtumrm hjlgrhamklgetg j hjlj laglorj dg uem omedm dgdahmdm m km rgmkazmhaøe rgatgrmdm dg kjs bghbjs pueaokgs sgýmkmdjs. Gk qug hje km aetgehaøe prgvastm ge gk eulgrmk = dgk aehasj =¶ jotuvagrm km pjsgsaøe dg puokahmhajegs ge gk sgetadj dg kjs aehasjs =¶ y 8¶, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm trgs mýjs j hje luktm. Xg

=7=

mpkahmrí, ge kj pgrtaegetg, tmloaáe kj daspugstj ge kjs mrtìhukjs 7> y 14. Kjs hjedgemdjs pjr km hjlasaøe dg bghbjs pueaokgs dgshraptjs ge gstg mrtìhukj, ngegrmklgetg ej pjdríe sgr ogegiahamdjs hje gk ránalge dg kaogrtmd hjedahajemk.

7.

Hjlj imhtjr rgkgvmetg y pjsatavj, sg josgrvm km aehkusaøe dg vajkgeham lgdaítahm, tgkglítahm y saloøkahm qug mpjrtme pmutms dg aetgrprgtmhaøe gspghìiahms qug pugdge sgr mprjvghbmdms pmrm mojrdmr gk kkmlmdjkm‛imhtjr hukturmk, pmtgremkastm y lmhbastm“ qug hjetraouyg m prgsgrvmr g aevasaoakazmr vajkgeham omsmdm ge msalgtrìms dg náegrj y ge kms rgkmhajegs dg pjdgr. Vgrj, sae dudms, km musgeham dg lghmeasljs dg mutjrgnukmhaøe, km imktm dg tapaiahmhaøe sulmdm m km musgeham dg uem hkmrm jokanmhaøe dg mknuem aestmeham nuogremlgetmk qug dgog rgspjesmoakazmrsg pjr gk hjetrjk y gstmokghalagetj dg smehajegs mk rgspghtj, pjdrìm bmhgr aempkahmokg km pgrsghuhaøe dg gstms ijrlms dg vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs.


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Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. _ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 dg HGDM^. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Vrjnrmlm dg mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj. Gstrmtgnam Luedamk ?.6 pmrm km smkud dg kms lu`grgs, km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mngedm dg Mhhaøe dg Mdas Mogom. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj 7, Lgtms 7.=, 7.?, 7.8, 7.4, 7.7, 7.9, 7.=, 7.o, 7.h3 y Jo`gtavj =9. Lgtms =9.=, =9.?, =9.8, =9.>, =9.=6, =9.m, =9.o. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj. Lgtm prajratmram M. Dgsmiìjs = y ?3 Lgtm prajratmram O. Dgsmiìjs >, 2, 1, =?, =4 y =93 Lgtm prajratmram H. Dgsmiìjs ?? y 8=3 Lgtm prajratmram D. Dgsmiìjs 88, 84, 87, 89, 8>, 82, 81, 46, 4=, 48, 44, 47 y 493 Lgtm prajratmram G. Dgsmiìjs 4>, 76, 7=, 7?, 78, 74, 79, 7>72, 71, 98 y 97. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg =117. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg =119. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg =119. Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Tgrhgr aeijrlg sjorg km satumhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge Vmrmnumy dg ?66=. Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Aeijrlg dg sgnualagetj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg ?668. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?667. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?669.

=7?

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Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?66>. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg gk dgrghbj m km gduhmhaøe. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá hjetrm km Tjrturm. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. _gkmtjrm Gspghamk sjorg km Gxtrglm Vjorgzm y kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=?. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=8. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kjs pugokjs aedìngems. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=7. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=9. =66 _gnkms dg Ormsakam. _gnkms =1 y ?6.

Mrtìhukj >¶. Vraehapajs rghtjrgs. Vmrm gk hulpkalagetj dg km prgsgetg Kgy, sg mdjptme kjs sanuagetgs

praehapajs0 m) Geijqug dg aetgnrmkadmd. Km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs hjlj prjokglm gstruhturmk sgrí mojrdmdm ge sus daigrgetgs lmeaigstmhajegs m pmrtar dg lgdadms prgvgetavms, dg mtgehaøe, dg prjtghhaøe y smehaøe. o) Anumkdmd y ej dashralaemhaøe. Xg nmrmetazme km mtgehaøe y prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk m tjdms kms lu`grgs sae eaenðe tapj dg dashralaemhaøe, y gkalaemedj kms omrrgrms qug alpadme gk g`grhahaj dg dgrghbjs ge anumkdmd dg hjedahajegs. h) Kms pjkìtahms pðokahms. Kms pjkìtahms pðokahms aehkuaríe lgdadms qug tjlge ge hugetm kms eghgsadmdgs y dglmedms gspghìiahms dg tjdms kms lu`grgs, ge pmrtahukmr dg kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham. d) Vmrtahapmhaøe haudmdmem. Km sjhagdmd tageg gk dgrghbj m pmrtahapmr dg ijrlm prjtmnøeahm pmrm kjnrmr km vangeham pkgem y gightavm dg km prgsgetg Kgy, darghtmlgetg j m trmvás dg kms jrnmeazmhajegs hjlueatmrams, sjhamkgs y dg km sjhagdmd havak, ge ngegrmk.

=78

g) Msanemhaøe y daspjeaoakadmd dg rghursjs ghjeølahjs. Gk Gstmdj nmrmetazm kjs rghursjs suiahagetgs y eghgsmrajs pmrm km mpkahmhaøe gightavm dg km prgsgetg Kgy. i) Ijrtmkghalagetj aestatuhajemk. Xg hrgme y mlpkìme lghmeasljs, ejrlms y pjkìtahms dg prgvgehaøe, mtgehaøe, prjtghhaøe y smehaøe dg bghbjs dg vajkgeham bmham km lu`gr, aehkuadjs kjs lghmeasljs emhajemkgs, dgpmrtmlgetmkgs y lueahapmkgs dg mdgkmetj dg km lu`gr j dg prjljhaøe dg sus dgrghbjs. n) Glpjdgrmlagetj. Xg prjljvgrí km aedgpgedgeham dg km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham rgspgtj m km tjlm dg dghasajegs y rgstmokghalagetj dg su daneadmd. b) Tutgkm gightavm y mhhgsj m km ùstaham. Xg nmrmetazmríe kms hjedahajegs eghgsmrams pmrm qug km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham pugdm mhudar m kjs sgrvahajs dg mtgehaøe y mhhgsj m km ùstaham, rghaoagedj uem rgspugstm gightavm y jpjrtuem. a) Gspghamkazmhaøe dgk pgrsjemk. Gk Gstmdj daspjedrí kms lgdadms eghgsmrams pmrm hjetmr hje sgrvadjrgs/ms pðokahjs/ms hje kjs hjejhalagetjs eghgsmrajs pmrm nmrmetazmr m km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham ue trmtj rgspgtujsj, danej y giahmz, ge tjdms kms aestatuhajegs rgspjesmokgs dg km mtgehaøe, prjtghhaøe y smehaøe. `) Mtgehaøe gspghìiahm. Msgnurmr uem mtgehaøe dg mhugrdj hje ms eghgsadmdgs y harhuestmehams gspghìiahms dg kms lu`grgs qug sg gehugetrge ge hjedahajegs dg vukegrmoakadmd j dg ragsnj irgetg m km vajkgeham, m iae dg nmrmetazmr su sgnuradmd y km rgpmrmhaøe y/j rgstatuhaøe dg sus dgrghbjs. c) Trmespmrgeham y puokahadmd. Xg nmrmetazmríe km trmespmrgeham y puokahadmd dg tjdms kms mhtumhajegs, pkmegs, prjnrmlms y prjyghtjs dgk Gstmdj y sus mhtjrgs ge lmtgram dg prgvgehaøe, mtgehaøe, aevgstanmhaøe, smehaøe y rgpmrmhaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs,

=74

nmrmetazmedj gk pkgej y pgrlmegetg hjejhalagetj dg km sjhagdmd, prgvam mutjrazmhaøe gstmokghadm ge gk Mrtìhukj ==29. k) Xgrvahajs hjlpgtgetgs. Gk Gstmdj dgog nmrmetazmr qug kjs iuehajemrajs pðokahjs qug prgstge sgrvahajs ge kjs ørnmejs dg mtgehaøe, aevgstanmhaøe y smehaøe dg kjs bghbjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs hulpkme hje sus dgogrgs y jokanmhajegs y rgspjedme giahmzlgetg m kms iuehajegs msanemdms ge km prgsgetg Kgy. Tmokm =4 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj > d g km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj 1¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Vraehapajs _ghtjrgs. Vmrm gk hulpkalagetj dg kjs iaegs dg km prgsgetg Kgy sg mdjptme kjs sanuagetgs praehapajs0 m) Xuprglmhìm dg km Hjestatuhaøe y kjs Trmtmdjs y Hjevgehajegs aetgremhajemkgs mprjomdjs y rmtaiahmdjs pjr Kgy dg km Emhaøe. Kjs traouemkgs, mk mpkahmr km Kgy, nmrmetazmríe km vangeham gightavm dg km Hjestatuhaøe y dg kjs trmtmdjs aetgremhajemkgs. (…) l) Egutrmkadmd rgkanajsm y hukturmk. Eaenuem hjstulorg, trmdahaøe, hjesadgrmhaøe rgkanajsm j dgrghbj hjesugtudaemraj, pugdg aevjhmrsg pmrm ùstaiahmr, pgrlatar, tjkgrmr, hjesgetar, pgrpgtrmr, aestanmr j prjljvgr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr.

Xae jtrms ljdaiahmhajegs

Hjehjrdmehams0

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Mrtìhukjs =. Dg km Ijrlm dg Gstmdj y Njoagrej, 4. Dgk Dgrghbj m km vadm, 7. Dg km prjbaoahaøe dg km tjrturm y dg jtrjs dgkatjs, 9. Dg km hmkadmd dg vadm, 1. Dg km kaogrtmd y km sgnuradmd dg kms pgrsjems, =6. Dg km prjshraphaøe dg km gshkmvatud y jtrms sgrvadulorgs, =7. Dg km prjbaoahaøe dg bmhgr ùstaham pjr sa laslj, ??. Dg km puokahmhaøe dg kjs prjhgsjs, 88. Dgk dgrghbj m km aetaladmd, 49. Dg km anumkdmd dg kms pgrsjems, 4>. Dg kms nmrmetìms dg anumkdmd, 42. Dg km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dgk bjlorg y dg km lu`gr, 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham, =69.ghjeølahm Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemraj y dgky glpkgmdj pðokahj,dg=>9. Dg km pjkìtahm y dg km prjljhaøe mk dgsmrrjkkj =>>. Dgk hmríhtgr kjs pkmegs dg dgsmrrjkkj. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukj 8. Dgk praehapaj dgk aetgrás supgrajr.

Hjlgetmrajs0

29

Ge km prjpugstm jranaemk dg ?6=7, mk rgspghtj dg ‛Vraehapajs rghtjrgs“, aehkuìm0

Dgog dghar ‛Mrtìhukj 1¶“. Ge km prjpugstm jranaemk, km rgigrgeham m jokanmhaøe dg km hjeiadgehamkadmd dg kms

mhtumhajegs smkvj gxprgsm mutjrazmhaøe dg km lu`gr mduktm hjrrgspjedìm mk Mrtìhukj ==¶. Ge km Kgy prjluknmdm, hjrrgspjedg mk Mrtìhukj 1¶.

=77

‛Xuprglmhìm dg km Hjestatuhaøe y kjs Trmtmdjs y Hjevgehajegs aetgremhajemkgs. Kjs traouemkgs, mk mpkahmr km Kgy, nmrmetazmríe km vangeham gightavm dg km Hjestatuhaøe y dg kjs trmtmdjs aetgremhajemkgs. Km aetgrprgtmhaøe dg kjs lghmeasljs y ørnmejs dg trmtmdjs, msì hjlj kms rghjlgedmhajegs y josgrvmhajegs mk Gstmdj pmrmnumyj sgríe jokanmtjramlgetg hjesadgrmdms.“

‛Vgrspghtavm dg náegrj ge kms pjkìtahms pðokahms. Kms pjkìtahms pðokahms aehkuaríe lgdadms qug tjlge ge hugetm kms eghgsadmdgs y dglmedms gspghìiahms dg tjdms kms lu`grgs, ge pmrtahukmr dg kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham.“

‛Egutrmkadmd rgkanajsm y hukturmk. Eaenuem hjstulorg, trmdahaøe, hjesadgrmhaøe rgkanajsm j dgrghbj hjesugtudaemraj, pugdg aevjhmrsg pmrm ùstaiahmr, pgrlatar, tjkgrmr, hjesgetar, pgrpgtrmr, aestanmr j prjljvgr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu `gr.“

Xg josgrvm km gxhkusaøe dg uem lgehaøe gspghamk dg trgs gkglgetjs praehapmkgs qug sje iuedmlgetmkgs ge km aetgrprgtmhaøe dg uem pgrspghtavm aetgnrmk dg mojrdm`g m dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs ge ue hjetgxtj hukturmklgetg dgsimvjrmokg0 gk rgijrzmlagetj dgk hjehgptj dg km suprglmhìm dg km Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk y kjs Trmtmdjs Aetgremhajemkgs sjorg kms Kgygs Gspghamkgs, Hødanjs y jtrms ejrlms3 y dg km kmahadmd dgk Gstmdj, mlojs hjehgptjs tmxmtavmlgetg gxprgsjs ge km ejrlm hjestatuhajemk ge kjs Mrtìhukjs =8> y ?4 rgspghtavmlgetg.

Msalaslj, sg gxhkuyg hjlj praehapaj km pgrspghtavm dg náegrj, kj qug kalatm km aetgehaøe dg prjtghhaøe gspghamk, km alpkglgetmhaøe gightavm dg mhhajegs miarlmtavms y mightm dg lmegrm darghtm gk mkhmehg dg km aevgstanmhaøe gstmtmk ge km lmtgram dg prjljhaøe, prjtghhaøe y dgigesm dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs ge gk lmrhj dg km vajkgeham omsmdm ge msalgtrìms dg náegrj y kms rgkmhajegs dg pjdgr.

Ge gk lmrhj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs y jtrjs lghmeasljs dgk sastglm aetgremhajemk dg prjtghhaøe, hjaehadg hje0 • • • • •

•

•

•

•

_ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj =9. Lgtms =9.> y =9.=6. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj. Lgtm prajratmram G. Dgsmiìjs 4>, 76, 7=, 7?, 78, 79 y 97. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg =119. Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs sjorg km satumhaøe dg dgrghbjs bulmejs ge Vmrmnumy dg ?66=. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?667. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?66>. =79

• • •

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Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. _gkmtjrm Gspghamk sjorg km Gxtrglm Vjorgzm y kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=?. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=8.

Mrtìhukj 2¶. Vkmeaiahmhaøe y Vrgsupugstjs. Kms aestatuhajegs pðokahms hje rgspjesmoakadmdgs

msanemdms ge km prgsgetg Kgy dgogríe aehkuar ge sus prgsupugstjs kjs prjnrmlms gspghìiahjs dgstaemdjs m bmhgr irgetg m sus jokanmhajegs ge gk lmrhj dg km prgsgetg Kgy. Km Kgy qug mprugom gk Vrgsupugstj Ngegrmk dg km Emhaøe dgog msanemr kjs rghursjs prgsupugstmrajs eghgsmrajs m aestatuhajegs, getadmdgs y ørnmejs gehmrnmdjs dg km mpkahmhaøe dg km prgsgetg Kgy. Tmokm =7 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 2 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj =6¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Xae ljdaiahmhajegs

Hjehjrdmehams0

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Mrtìhukjs =. Dg km Ijrlm dg Gstmdj y Njoagrej, =>9. Dg km pjkìtahm ghjeølahm y dg km prjljhaøe mk dgsmrrjkkj, =>>. Dgk hmríhtgr dg kjs pkmegs dg dgsmrrjkkj, =>2. Dg kjs rghursjs dgk Gstmdj y =>1. Dg km hrgmhaøe dg traoutjs. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukjs =. Dgk jo`gtj dg gstg Hødanj, 8. Dgk praehapaj dgk aetgrás supgrajr y 4. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd suosadamram.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Ge km prjpugstm jranaemk, mk rgspghtj dg ‛Vraehapajs rghtjrgs“, aehkuìm0 ‛Gk Gstmdj tageg km jokanmhaøe dg mdjptmr tjdms kms lgdadms mdlaeastrmtavms, kgnaskmtavms, ùdahamkgs, prgsupugstmrams y dg humkquagr jtrm emturmkgzm qug sgme eghgsmrams y mprjpamdms pmrm msgnurmr gk hulpkalagetj dg gstm Kgy y nmrmetazmr kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham. (…) Kms lgdadms y mhhajegs pr gvastms ge gstm Kgy tagege hmríhtgr dg prajradmd pmrm kjs Vjdgrgs dgk Gstmdj y kms aestatuhajegs pðokahms.

=7>

Gstg hmloaj ge gk tgxtj ej gs ue hmloaj lgejr. Km gxprgsaøe dg km prjpugstm jranaemk, sa oage pudagrm sgr hjesadgrmdm rgduedmetg irgetg m km gxastgeham dg gxprgsajegs salakmrgs ge jtrms ejrlms dgk sastglm ùrìdahj, mightm gk sgetadj dg gxprgsmr ijrlmklgetg uem mhhaøe miarlmtavm qug rghj`m ge ue tgxtj ejrlmtavj km jokanmhaøe dgk Gstmdj Vmrmnumyj dg ‛mdjptmr tjdms kms lgdadms mdlaeastrmtavms, kgnaskmtavms, ùdahamkgs, prgsupugstmrams y dg humkquagr jtrm emturmkgzm qug sgme eghgsmrams y mprjpamdms pmrm msgnurmr gk hulpkalagetj dg gstm Kgy y nmrmetazmr kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham“.

Bmogr hjesadgrmdj gk tgxtj dg km prjpugstm jranaemk buoagrm saneaiahmdj uem hkmrm dghasaøe pjkìtahm dg nmrmetazmr km alpkglgetmhaøe gightavm dg km Kgy jokanmedj km msanemhaøe prjnrgsavm dg rghursjs ghjeølahjs, bulmejs, táheahjs y lmtgramkgs.


Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj 2. Lgtm 2.8. _gkmtjrm Gspghamk sjorg km Gxtrglm Vjorgzm y kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=?.

Mrtìhukj 1¶. Hjeiadgehamkadmd. Xg nmrmetazm gk rgspgtj dgk dgrghbj m km hjeiadgehamkadmd y m km

aetaladmd, prjbaoaáedjsg km rgprjduhhaøe pmrm usj pmrtahukmr j daiusaøe pðokahm dg km aeijrlmhaøe rgkmhajemdm hje satumhajegs dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, sae mutjrazmhaøe dg quage km pmdghg. Xmkvj ge hmsj dg eaýms y mdjkgshgetgs, djedg sg eghgsatm gxprgsm hjestmeham dg kjs pmdrgs j tutjrgs. Tmokm =9 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 1 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Jranaemklgetg Mrtìhukj ==¶. Hjeiadgehamkadmd. Xg nmrmetazm gk rgspgtj dgk dgrghbj m km hjeiadgehamkadmd y m km aetaladmd, prjbaoaáedjsg km rgprjduhhaøe pmrm usj pmrtahukmr j daiusaøe pðokahm dg km aeijrlmhaøe rgkmhajemdm hje satumhajegs dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, sae mutjrazmhaøe dg quage km pmdghg. Xmkvj ge hmsj dg lgejrgs, djedg sg eghgsatm gxprgsm hjestmeham dg kjs pmdrgs j tutjrgs.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Mrtìhukjs ??. Dg km puokahmhaøe dg kjs prjhgsjs, 88. Dgk dgrghbj m km aetaladmd y =69. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemraj y dgk glpkgmdj pðokahj. =72

Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs =, ? Kgy =/=121. Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Mrtìhukjs =, ? Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs dgk eaýj. Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Mrtìhukjs ?, 8 y =4. Kgy 967/=117. Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 8, 4, 7, 9, >, 2 y 1. Kgy =64/=11>. Vrjtjhjkj Mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 8, 9, >, 1, =6, =7 y =9. Kgy =966/?666. Hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukjs 8. Dgk praehapaj dgk aetgrás supgrajr, ?>. Dgk sghrgtj dg kms mhtumhajegs, ?2. Dg kms gxhgphajegs dgk sghrgtj y ?1. Dg km prjbaoahaøe dg puokahmhaøe. Kgy 8446/?662 ]ug ljdaiahm kjs Mrtìhukjs =?2, =8?, =88 y =87 y dgrjnm gk Mrtìhukj =86 dgk Hødanj Vgemk Vmrmnumyj Kgy ==96/?66>. Mrtìhukjs =48 y =42. Kgy 4?17/?6==. ]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm. Kgy 4>22/=?. Aetgnrmk hjetrm km trmtm dg pgrsjems.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Gk tgxtj dgiaeatavj mnrgnm, ge hjehjrdmeham hje kms dgiaeahajegs dg vajkgeham lgdaítahm, tgkglítahm y saloøkahm, km prjbaoahaøe dg km daiusaøe pðokahm dg aeijrlmhaøe j humkquagr jtrj dmtj qug pjdrìm mightmr km hjeiadgehamkadmd dg km pgrsjem vìhtalm sae su mutjrazmhaøe.

Gstg mrtìhukj rgikg`m gk gsiugrzj sjstgeadj pjr gk Gstmdj pmrm prjtgngr km rgvahtalazmhaøe dg kms lu`grgs y eaýgz vìhtalms dg vajkgeham qug sg aeaham m iaegs dg km dáhmdm dg kjs 16s y gs pjsatavj. Xae glomrnj, eaenuem dg kms prjpugstms hjlpkglgetm gk hjehgptj dg prjtghhaøe lgehajemedj gxprgsmlgetg km alpjrtmeham dg qug gsm mutjrazmhaøe sgm ijrlmk y rgmkazmdm om`j gk praehapaj dg hjesgetalagetj aeijrlmdj, gs dghar, uem vgz qug sg pugdm hjeiarlmr j sgm hjlprjomokg qug km pgrsjem gstí dmedj gsm mutjrazmhaøe hjejhagedj gk mkhmehg dg km laslm pmrm sì laslm y pmrm su vadm, sae eaenuem hjmhhaøe j lmeapukmhaøe y ge pkgej usj dg tjdm su hmpmhadmd y imhuktmdgs.

Ge hjehjrdmeham hje km ðktalm ljdaiahmhaøe dgk Hødanj Vgemk vangetg sgýmkmdm suprm, sg lmetagege kms smehajegs m km kgsaøe dg km aetaladmd dg kms pgrsjems y km jokanmhaøe gspghamk dg quagegs sje iuehajemrajs y iuehajemrams pðokahjs j humkquagr jtrm pgrsjem m jokanmr hjeiadgehamkadmd pjr su prjigsaøe j hmrnj0 Mrtìhukj =48.- Kgsaøe dg km aetaladmd dg km pgrsjem.

=71

=.

?. 8.

4. 7.

Gk qug, metg uem luktatud j lgdametg puokahmhaøe ge kjs tárlaejs dgk mrtìhukj =4, aehasj 8¶, gxpusagrm km aetaladmd dg jtrj, getgedaáedjsg hjlj tmk km gsigrm pgrsjemk ìetalm dg su vadm y gspghamklgetg su vadm imlakamr j sgxumk j su gstmdj dg smkud, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem dg luktm. Humedj pjr su ijrlm j hjetgeadj, km dghkmrmhaøe ej gxhgdm kjs kìlatgs dg uem hrìtahm rmhajemk, gkkm qugdmrí gxgetm dg pgem. Humedj km dghkmrmhaøe, sjpgsmedj kjs aetgrgsgs aevjkuhrmdjs y gk dgogr dg hjlprjomhaøe qug sgnðe kms harhuestmehams aehulom mk mutjr, sgm ue lgdaj mdghumdj pmrm km pgrsghuhaøe dg kgnìtaljs aetgrgsgs pðokahjs j pravmdjs, dg pgem. sgrí mdlatadm søkj humedj dg gkkm Km prugomgkkm dg kmqugdmrí vgrdmdgxgetm dg km dghkmrmhaøe dgpgedagrm km mpkahmhaøe dg kjs aehasjs ?¶ y 8¶. Km pgrsghuhaøe pgemk dgpgedgrí dg km aestmeham dg km vìhtalm."

Mrtìhukj =42.- _gvgkmhaøe dg sghrgtjs pravmdjs pjr iuehajemrajs j pgrsjems hje jokanmhaøe gspghamk. =.

?.

Gk qug rgvgkmrm ue sghrgtj m`gej kkgnmdj m su hjejhalagetj ge su mhtumhaøe hjlj0 (a) iuehajemraj(m) hjeijrlg mk Mrtìhukj =4, aehasj =¶, eulgrmk =43 j (aa) pgratj(m) ijrlmklgetg dgsanemdj, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm trgs mýjs j hje luktm. Km pgrsghuhaøe pgemk dgk bghbj dgpgedgrí dg km aestmeham dg km vìhtalm. Xg mpkahmrí kj daspugstj ge gk Mrtìhukj =44, aehasj 7¶, ðktalm pmrtg.

Ge gk lmrhj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs y jtrjs lghmeasljs dgk sastglm aetgremhajemk dg prjtghhaøe, hjaehadg hje0 Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Hjlatá hjetrm km Tjrturm. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=8. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=9. • • • •

• •

Hmpìtukj AA0 _gspjesmoakadmdgs gstmtmkgs pmrm km prgvgehaøe, mtgehaøe y smehaøe dg km vajkgeham. Mrtìhukj =6¶. Vjkìtahms. Gk Gstmdj alpkglgetmrí pjkìtahms, gstrmtgnams y mhhajegs prajratmrams pmrm

prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs, m trmvás dg kjs dastaetjs jrnmeasljs y getadmdgs dgk Gstmdj.

=96

Tmokm => - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj =6 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj ?> ge km prjpugstm jranaemk0 Vjkìtahms. Gk Gstmdj alpkglgetmrí pjkìtahms, gstrmtgnams y mhhajegs prajratmrams pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs m trmvás dg kjs dastaetjs Laeastgrajs y Xghrgtmrìms dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj, Getgs Mutøejljs, ùrasdahhajegs dgk Vjdgr @udahamk dgshgetrmkazmdms m eavgk hmpatmk, dgpmrtmlgetmk y lueahapmk, y ueavgrsadmdgs. Gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr, hjlj ørnmej rghtjr, hjjrdaemrí mhhajegs hje tjdms kms aestmehams pðokahms pmrm gk hulpkalagetj dg km Kgy.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk0 Mrtìhukjs =. Dg km Ijrlm dg Gstmdj y Njoagrej, 4. Dgk dgrghbj m km vadm, 7. Dg km tjrturm y jtrjs dgkatjs, 9. Dg km hmkadmd dg vadm, 1. Dg km kaogrtmd y km sgnuradmd dg kms pgrsjems, =6. Dg km prjshraphaøe dg km gshkmvatud y jtrms sgrvadulorgs, ==. Dg km pravmhaøe dg km kaogrtmd, =?. Dg km dgtgehaøe y dgk mrrgstj, =8. Dg km ej pravmhaøe dg km kaogrtmd pjr dgudms, =4 dg km arrgtrjmhtavadmd dg km kgy, =7. Dg km prjbaoahaøe dg bmhgrsg ùstaham pjr sa laslj, =>. Dg kjs dgrghbjs prjhgsmkgs, =2. Dg kms rgstrahhajegs dg km dghkmrmhaøe, =1. Dg km prasaøe prgvgetavm, ?6. Dgk jo`gtj dg kms pgems, ?=. Dg km rghkusaøe dg kms pgrsjems, ??. Dg km puokahmhaøe dg kjs prjhgsjs, ?8. Dg km prugom dg km vgrdmd, ?4. Dg km kaogrtmd rgkanajsm y km adgjkønahm, ?7. Dg km gxprgsaøe dg km pgrsjemkadmd, ?9. Dg km kaogrtmd dg gxprgsaøe y dg prgesm, ?2. Dgk dgrghbj m aeijrlmrsg, ?1. Dg km kaogrtmd dgk g`grhahaj dgk pgrajdaslj, 86. Dg kms sgýmkgs dg hjlueahmhaøe gkghtrjlmneátahm, 8=. Dg kjs lgdajs lmsavjs dg hjlueahmhaøe dgk Gstmdj, 8?. Dg km kaogrtmd dg rgueaøe y dg lmeaigstmhaøe, 88. Dgk dgrghbj m km aetaladmd, 84. Dgk dgrghbj m km aevajkmoakadmd dg kjs rghaetjs pravmdjs, 89. Dgk dgrghbj m km aevajkmoakadmd dgk pmtraljeaj djhulgetmk y km hjlueahmhaøe pravmdm, 8>. Dgk dgrghbj m km jo`ghaøe dg hjehageham, 81. Dgk dgrghbj m km aedgleazmhaøe mdghumdm, 46.Dgk dgrghbj m pgtahajemr m kms mutjradmdgs, 4?. Dg km kaogrtmd dg msjhamhaøe, 48. Dgk dgrghbj mk msakj, 44. Dg kjs traoutjs, 47. Dg kjs dgrghbjs y nmrmetìms ej geuehamdjs, 49. Dg km anumkdmd dg kms pgrsjems, 4>. Dg kms nmrmetìms dg anumkdmd, 42. Dg km anumkdmd dg kjs dgrghbjs dgk bjlorg y dg km lu`gr, 41. Dg km prjtghhaøe dg km imlakam, 76. Dgk dgrghbj m hjestatuar imlakam, 7=. Dgk lmtraljeaj dg y kjs gightjs dg kms ueajegs dg bghbj, 78, dg kjs ba`js, 74. Dg km prjtghhaøe mk eaýj(m), 77. Dg km lmtgreadmd y dg km pmtgreadmd, 79. Dg km ùvgetud, 7>. Dg km tgrhgrm gdmd, 72. Dg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems gxhgphajemkgs2>, 71. Dgk oage dg imlakam, 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham, 9=. Dg km pkmeaiahmhaøe imlakamr y kmkmsmkud lmtgrej aeimetak, 9?.dgrghbj Dg kjs pugokjs aedìngems y nrupjs áteahjs, 98. Dg adgetadmd áteahm, 97. Dgk m km pmrtahapmhaøe, 99. Dg km gduhmhaøe y msastgeham, 92. Dgk dgrghbj m km smkud, 91. Dgk

2>

Km gxprgsaøe dg ‛pgrsjems gxhgphajemkgs“, utakazmdm ge gk tgxtj dg km Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk dg =11?, hjlj msì kms gxprgsajegs dg pgrsjems ‛gspghamkgs“, ‛laeusvíkadms“, ‛dashmpmhatmdms“, ‛hje hmpmhadmdgs gspghamkgs“, getrg jtrms utakazmdms ge gk adajlm hmstgkkmej3 sje rgglpkmzmdms pjr ‛pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd“ dg mhugrdj m kj gstmokghadj

ge km Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd, Kgy 8746/?662 y ge huyj Mrtìhukj 9 gstmokghg0 Mrtìhukj 9 - Lu`grgs hje dashmpmhadmd. =. Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs rghjejhge qug kms lu`grgs y eaýms hje dashmpmhadmd gstíe su`gtms m lðktapkgs ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe y, m gsg rgspghtj, mdjptmríe lgdadms pmrm msgnurmr qug pugdme dasirutmr pkgemlgetg y ge anumkdmd dg hjedahajegs dg tjdjs kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y kaogrtmdgs iuedmlgetmkgs. ?. Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs tjlmríe tjdms kms lgdadms pgrtaegetgs pmrm msgnurmr gk pkgej dgsmrrjkkj, mdgkmetj y pjtgehamhaøe dg km lu`gr, hje gk prjpøsatj dg nmrmetazmrkg gk g`grhahaj y njhg dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y kms kaogrtmdgs iuedmlgetmkgs gstmokghadjs ge km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe.

=9=

sastglm emhajemk dg smkud, >6. Dgk ránalge dg oagegstmr sjhamk, >=. Dgk emrhjtríiahj, dg km drjnmdahhaøe y dg km rgbmoakatmhaøe, >?. Dgk hjetrjk dg hmkadmd, >8. Dgk dgrghbj m km gduhmhaøe y sus iaegs, >4. Dgk dgrghbj m mprgedgr y dg km kaogrtmd dg gesgýmr, >7. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd gduhmtavm, >9. Dg kms jokanmhajegs dgk Gstmdj, >>. Dg km gesgýmezm ge kgenum lmtgrem, >2. Dg km gduhmhaøe táheahm, >1. Dg kms ueavgrsadmdgs g aestatutjs supgrajrgs, 26. Dg kjs ijedjs pmrm oghms y myudms, 27. Dgk lìealj prgsupugstmraj, 29. Dgk dgrghbj mk trmom`j, 2>. Dgk pkgej glpkgj, 22. Dg km ej dashralaemhaøe, 21. Dgk trmom`j dg kms lu`grgs, 16. Dgk trmom`j dg kjs lgejrgs22, 1?. Dg km rgtraouhaøe dgk trmom`j, 14. Dgsaedahmk, km gstmoakadmd dg hjevgeajs km aedgleazmhaøe, 17. 12. Dg km sgnuradmd sjhamk, 19. Dg km kaogrtmd 1>. Dgykjs hjkghtavjs, Dgk dgrghbj m km bugknm y dg pmrj, 11. Dgk hulpkalagetj dg kms ejrlms kmojrmkgs, =66. Dgk dgrghbj m km vavagedm, =6=. Dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), ==8. Dgk ijlgetj dg kms hjjpgrmtavms, ==4. Dg km rgijrlm mnrmram, ==>. Dg kjs dgrghbjs pjkìtahjs, =?>. Dgk hulpkalagetj dg km kgy, =?2. Dg km pralmhìm dgk aetgrás ngegrmk y dgk dgogr dg hjkmojrmr, =8>. Dg km suprglmhìm dg km Hjestatuhaøe, =82. Dg km vmkadgz dgk jrdge ùrìdahj, =46. Dg kjs adajlms, =4=. Dg kjs trmtmdjs aetgremhajemkgs, =48. Dg kms rgkmhajegs aetgremhajemkgs, =47. Dgk jrdge ùrìdahj suprmemhajemk, =>9. Dg km pjkìtahm ghjeølahm y dg km prjljhaøe mk dgsmrrjkkj, =>>. Dgk hmríhtgr dg kjs pkmegs dg dgsmrrjkkj, =>2. Dg kjs rghursjs dgk Gstmdj. Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Kgy =/=121. Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Mrtìhukj ? y ?9. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj(m). Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs ?, 8 y 4. Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Mrtìhukj ? y 8. Kgy 967/=117, Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. Kgy =64>/=11>. Vrjtjhjkj mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 4 y 7. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukjs =. Dgk jo`gtj dg gstg Hødanj, 8. Dgk praehapaj dgk aetgrás supgrajr, 4. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd suosadamram y 7. Dg km jokanmhaøe dg dgeuehamr. Kgy =227/?66?. Dgk mduktj(m) lmyjr. Kgy 8746/?662. Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs dg kms Vgrsjems hje Dashmpmhadmd.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Muequg gk tgxtj iaemk aehkuyg kms gxprgsajegs dg km prjpugstm jranaemk, km lgehaøe dg km hjrrgspjesmoakadmd dg jtrms aestmehams dastaetms m kjs Laeastgrajs y Xghrgtmrìms dg

22

Km gxprgsaøe ‛lgejrgs“ (j ‛lgejrgs dg gdmd“) dgog sgr rgglpkmzmdm ge su utakazmhaøe pjr ‛pgrsjems lgejrgs dg =2 mýjs“ j ‛eaýjs, eaýms y mdjkgshgetgs“ dg mhugrdj m kj gxprgsmdj ge gk praehapaj dgk aetgrás supgrajr dgk eaýj

y dg km eaým, y kjs supugstjs gstmokghadjs pjr km Hjevgehaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs dgk eaýj(m) Kgy 7>/=116 y gk Hødanj dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham Kgy =926/?66=.

=9?

Gstmdj, rgspjedg m tmetj m dmr sgnualagetj mk praehapaj dg dgshgetrmkazmhaøe pjr gk humk tjdj gk Gstmdj dgetrj dgk kìlatg dg kms hjlpgtgehams dg kjs dastaetjs eavgkgs dg Njoagrej gs rgspjesmokg dg km g`ghuhaøe g alpkglgetmhaøe dg pjkìtahms pðokahms, y ej sjkj kjs getgs rghtjrgs.

Msalaslj, km vgrsaøe jranaemk aehkuìm uem lgehaøe gxprgsm dg kms ueavgrsadmdgs tmetj pðokahms hjlj pravmdms, aestmehams sgýmkmdms pjr km Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk hjlj rgspjesmokgs dg km ijrlmhaøe prjigsajemk g aevgstanmhaøe, getrg jtrms iuehajegs (Mrtìhukjs >9 y >1). Gstm gxhkusaøe dgog sgr aetgrprgtmdm ge hjrrgkmhaøe dg km gxhkusaøe dg km pgrspghtavm dg náegrj ge kjs praehapajs ngegrmkgs dg km Kgy hjlj uem kalatmhaøe lís m km aevgstanmhaøe j m km hjkmojrmhaøe pðokahm-pravmdm pmrm tmk iae ge gk lmrhj dgk ljeatjrgj y gvmkumhaøe ijrlmk dg km Kgy.

Ge gk lmrhj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs y jtrjs lghmeasljs dgk sastglm aetgremhajemk dg prjtghhaøe, hjaehadg hje0 • • •

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Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj. Gstrmtgnam Luedamk ?.6 pmrm km Xmkud dg kms Lu`grgs, kjs eaýjs y kjs mdjkgshgetgs. Mngedm dg Mhhaøe dg Mddas Mogom. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtms 7.m y 7.h3 Jo`gtavj =6. Lgtm =6.43 Jo`gtavj =9. Lgtms =9.8, =9.>, =9.m y =9.o. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj. Lgtm Vrajratmram M. Dgsmiìj =3 Lgtm Vrajratmram O. Dgsmiìjs =8 y =73 Lgtm Vrajratmram H. Dgsmiìj ?63 Lgtm Vrajratmram D. Dgsmiìjs 84 y 893 Lgtm Vrajratmram G. Dgsmiìjs 4>, 76, 7=, 7?, 78, 74, 79, 7>, 72, 71, 98 y 973 Lgtm Vrajratmram I. Dgsmiìjs 9> y 923 Lgtm Vrajratmram N. Dgsmiìjs >9, >>, >2, >1, 2= y 2?3 Lgtm Vrajratmram B. Dgsmiìj 2> y 213 Lgtm Vrajratmram A. Dgsmiìjs 1?, 18, 14, 17, 1> y 12. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg =119. Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Tgrhgr Aeijrlg dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge Vmrmnumy dg ?66=. Aeijrlg dg sgnualagetj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg ?668. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?667. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?669. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?66>. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj(m). _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg gk Dgrghbj m km Gduhmhaøe. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. =98

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_gkmtjrm Gspghamk sjorg km Gxtrglm Vjorgzm y kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=?. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=8. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=9.

Mrtìhukj ==¶. Ørnmej _ghtjr. Gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr gs gk ørnmej rghtjr gehmrnmdj dgk

dasgýj, sgnualagetj, gvmkumhaøe dg kms pjkìtahms pðokahms y gstrmtgnams dg hmríhtgr sghtjramk g aetgrsghtjramk pmrm gightavazmr kms daspjsahajegs dg km prgsgetg Kgy, pmrm gkkj hjjrdaemrí mhhajegs hje tjdms kms aestmehams pðokahms y hjetmrí hje kjs rghursjs eghgsmrajs y suiahagetgs dgk Vrgsupugstj Ngegrmk dg km Emhaøe pmrm gk hulpkalagetj dg kms jokanmhajegs qug gstm Kgy kg alpjeg. Tmokm =2 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj == dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj =?¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Xae ljdaiahmhajegs

Hjehjrdmehams0

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Mrtìhukjs =. Dg km Ijrlm dg Gstmdj y Njoagrej, =>9. Dg km pjkìtahm ghjeølahm y dg km prjljhaøe mk dgsmrrjkkj, =>>. Dgk hmríhtgr dg kjs pkmegs dg dgsmrrjkkj, =>2. Dg kjs rghursjs dgk Gstmdj,=>1. Dg km hrgmhaøe dg traoutjs y ??9. Dgk g`grhahaj dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukj 8>. Xastglm dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk.

Hjlgetmrajs


Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtm 7.m. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj. Lgtm prajratmram G. Dgsmiìjs 4> y 76.

Mrtìhukj =?¶. Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr. Gk laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr, ge gk lmrhj dg sus hjlpgtgehams y

mtraouhajegs gs rgspjesmokg dg0

=94

m) Gkmojrmr, alpkglgetmr y ljeatjrgmr ue Vkme Emhajemk dg Mhhaøe pmrm km Vrgvgehaøe, Xmehaøe y Grrmdahmhaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr qug hjetglpkg prjnrmlms mrtahukmdjs aetgraestatuhajemkgs pmrm trmesijrlmr pmtrjegs sjhajhukturmkgs qug emturmkazme y pgrpgtðme km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs, msì hjlj gk ijrtmkghalagetj dg kjs sgrvahajs dg mtgehaøe aetgnrmk y kms lgdadms dg rgpmrmhaøe pmrm gkkms y sus dgpgedagetgs. o) Mrtahukmr y hjjrdaemr kms mhhajegs pmrm gk hulpkalagetj dg km prgsgetg Kgy, ge pmrtahukmr gk ijrtmkghalagetj dg sgrvahajs, km hmpmhatmhaøe mk iuehajemramdj pðokahj y km mdjphaøe dg prjtjhjkjs pjr pmrtg dg kms dastaetms aestatuhajegs pðokahms aevjkuhrmdms m eavgk emhajemk, dgpmrtmlgetmk y lueahapmk, aehkuygedj km pmrtahapmhaøe dg rgdgs dg lu`grgs y jrnmeazmhajegs ej nuogremlgetmkgs dgdahmdms m km dgigesm y prjljhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs, jrnmeazmhajegs dg dgrghbjs bulmejs, ueavgrsadmdgs, saedahmtjs, glprgsms y jtrms dg km sjhagdmd. h) Hjestatuar uem Lgsm Aetgraestatuhajemk aetgnrmdm pjr aestatuhajegs pðokahms y rgprgsgetmetgs dg jrnmeazmhajegs y rgdgs dg km sjhagdmd havak, qug tgedrí pjr iuehaøe msgsjrmr mk ørnmej rghtjr y rghjlgedmr gstrmtgnams y mhhajegs mdghumdms pmrm geirgetmr km vajkgeham. d) Ijrtmkghgr kjs Xgrvahajs dg Mtgehaøe m km lu`gr, kjs Hgetrjs _gnajemkgs dg kms lu`grgs pmrm mlpkamr km hjogrturm m eavgk emhajemk, hje gk prjpøsatj dg jirghgr mtgehaøe aetgnrmk m tjdms kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham, dgoagedj aehkuar msastgeham psahjkønahm, kgnmk y sjhamk. g) Oraedmr mpjyj m kms njogremhajegs ge kjs prjhgsjs dg hrgmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj dg kjs mkogrnugs trmesatjrajs, m ljdj dg kjnrmr uem hjogrturm m eavgk emhajemk. i) Dgsmrrjkkmr prjnrmlms dg glpjdgrmlagetj dg kms lu`grgs qug rgspgtge km hjlpkgàdmd dg km emturmkgzm sjhamk, pjkìtahm y hukturmk dg km prjokglítahm, prjbaoagedj ljdgkjs qug hjetglpkge ijrlms dg lgdamhaøe, hjehakamhaøe j egnjhamhaøe. n) Alpuksmr m trmvás dg kjs hjkgnajs y msjhamhajegs dg prjigsajemkgs km hmpmhatmhaøe dgk pgrsjemk dg kjs sgrvahajs qug, ge rmzøe dg sus mhtavadmdgs, pugdme kkgnmr m aetgrvgear ge hmsjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. =97

b) Vrjljvgr hmlpmýms dg sgesaoakazmhaøe, hjehagehamhaøe hje gk jo`gtj dg ljdaiahmr kjs pmtrjegs sjhajhukturmkgs dg hjeduhtm dg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, hje larms m gkalaemr kjs prgùahajs y kms príhtahms qug gstáe omsmdms ge km adgm dg km aeigrajradmd j supgrajradmd dg humkquagrm dg kjs sgxjs j ge iuehajegs gstgrgjtapmdms, anumklgetg daranar prjnrmlms gspghìiahjs hjetrm km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs. a) Daiuedar km prgsgetg Kgy tmetj ge kms aestatuhajegs pðokahms hjlj ge km sjhagdmd m trmvás dg lgdajs gshratjs, mudajvasumkgs y eugvms tghejkjnìms dg km aeijrlmhaøe y hjlueahmhaøe. Msì hjlj sjorg kjs sgrvahajs dg msastgeham darghtm, pðokahjs y pravmdjs, pmrm lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham. `) Dgsmrrjkkmr ue sastglm dg aedahmdjrgs qug pgrlatm lgdar gk mvmehg ge km alpkglgetmhaøe dg km prgsgetg Kgy, gk dgsglpgýj dg kjs sgrvahajs pðokahjs. c) Dasgýmr g alpkglgetmr gk sastglm Weaiahmdj y hjehgetrmdj dg _gnastrj qug pgrlatm hjetmr hje dmtjs y gstmdìstahms qug dge hugetm dg km rgmkadmd emhajemk ge tárlaejs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. k) Mdlaeastrmr gk Ijedj dg Vrjljhaøe dg Vjkìtahms pmrm km Grrmdahmhaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm kms Lu`grgs. l) Tjdms mqugkkms lgdadms qug gstalg hjevgeagetgs pmrm kjnrmr km prgvgehaøe, smehaøe y grrmdahmhaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. Tmokm =1 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj =? dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj =8¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. (…) i) Dgsmrrjkkmr prjnrmlms dg glpjdgrmlagetj dg kms lu`grgs qug rgspgtge km hjlpkgàdmd dg km emturmkgzm sjhamk, pjkìtahm y hukturmk dg km prjokglítahm, prjljvagedj ljdgkjs qug hjetglpkge ijrlms dg lgdamhaøe, hjehakamhaøe j egnjhamhaøe (…) Xae jtrms ljdaiahmhajegs

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukj =9¶ dg gstm Kgy0 Xghrgtmrìm dg km Iuehaøe Vðokahm. =99

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Mrtìhukjs =. Dg km Ijrlm dg Gstmdj y Njoagrej, =6=. Dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =6?. Dg kjs dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =69. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemraj(m) y glpkgmdj(m) pðokahj(m), =>9. Dg km pjkìtahm ghjeølahm y dg km prjljhaøe mk dgsmrrjkkj, =>>. Dgk hmríhtgr dg kjs pkmegs dg dgsmrrjkkj, =>2. Dg kjs rghursjs dgk Gstmdj,=>1. Dg km hrgmhaøe dg traoutjs, ??9. Dgk g`grhahaj dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj, ?46. Dg kms iuehajegs y ?4?. Dg kjs dgogrgs y mtraouhajegs dg kjs Laeastrjs(ms). Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Kgy =/=121. Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Mrtìhukj ? y ?9. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj(m). Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs ?, 8 y 4. Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Mrtìhukj ? y 8. Kgy 967/=117, Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. Kgy =64>/=11>. Vrjtjhjkj mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 4 y 7. Kgy =966/?666. Hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukjs 8. Dgk praehapaj dgk aetgrás Xupgrajr y 8>. Dgk sastglm dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk. Kgy =227/?66?. Dgk mduktj(m) lmyjr. Kgy 8746/?662. Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs dg kms Vgrsjems hje Dashmpmhadmd. Kgy 4?17/?6==. ]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm. Kgy 4>22/=?. Aetgnrmk hjetrm km trmtm dg pgrsjems. Hjlgetmrajs

Ge km prjpugstm jranaemk dg ?6=7, mk rgspghtj dg rgspjesmoakadmdgs dgk ‛Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr“, aehkuìm km lgehaøe gxprgsm dgk hjehgptj dg ‛vajkgeham dg náegrj“. Hjlj sg gxprgsmrm metgrajrlgetg, gstm ljdaiahmhaøe pjdrìm kalatmr hjesadgrmokglgetg gk gspghtrj dg mhhaøe dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr sa ej hugetm hje pgrsjemk táheahj suiahagetglgetg sgesaoakazmdj ge gk hjlprjlasj msuladj metg gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs ge humetj m km alpjrtmeham dg gstmokghgr pkmegs, prjnrmlms y prjyghtjs qug tmloaáe aehkuyme gk dgomtg sjorg gk dgsmiìj dg grrmdahmr príhtahms hukturmkgs, sastglms y lghmeasljs qug pgrpgtðge km vajkgeham omsmdm ge msalgtrìms dg náegrj y rgkmhajegs dg pjdgr qug suirge kms lu`grgs ge su davgrsadmd.

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Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj. Gstrmtgnam Luedamk ?.6 pmrm km Xmkud dg kms Lu`grgs, kjs eaýjs y kjs mdjkgshgetgs. Mngedm dg Mhhaøe dg Mdas Mogom. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtms 7.m y 7.h3 Jo`gtavj =6. Lgtm =6.43 Jo`gtavj =9. Lgtms =9.8, =9.>, =9.m y =9.o. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj. Lgtm Vrajratmram M. Dgsmiìj =3 Lgtm Vrajratmram O. Dgsmiìjs =8 y =73 Lgtm Vrajratmram H. Dgsmiìj ?63 Lgtm Vrajratmram D. Dgsmiìjs 84 y 893 Lgtm Vrajratmram G. Dgsmiìjs 4>, 76, 7=, 7?, 78, 74, 79, 7>, 72, 71, 98 y 973 Lgtm Vrajratmram I. Dgsmiìjs 9> y 923 Lgtm Vrajratmram N. Dgsmiìjs >9, >>, >2, >1, 2= y 2?3 Lgtm Vrajratmram B. Dgsmiìj 2> y 213 Lgtm Vrajratmram A. Dgsmiìjs 1?, 18, 14, 17, 1> y 12. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg =119. Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Tgrhgr Aeijrlg dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge Vmrmnumy dg ?66=. Aeijrlg dg sgnualagetj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg ?668. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?667. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?669. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?66>. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj(m). _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg gk Dgrghbj m km Gduhmhaøe. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. _gkmtjrm Gspghamk sjorg km Gxtrglm Vjorgzm y kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=?. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=8. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=9.

=92

Mrtìhukj =8¶. Laeastgraj dg Gduhmhaøe y Hukturm21. Gk Laeastgraj dg Gduhmhaøe y Hukturm gs gk

ørnmej rgspjesmokg dg g`ghutmr kms sanuagetgs lgdadms ge gk íloatj dg prgvgehaøe y dgtghhaøe dg vajkgeham. m) Aehjrpjrmr km pgrspghtavm dg anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dgk bjlorg y dg km lu`gr, km ej dashralaemhaøe, gk rgspgtj m kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs km ijrlmhaøe ge km rgsjkuhaøe pmhìiahm dg hjeikahtjs ge km hurrìhukm gduhmtavm ge tjdjs kjs eavgkgs, aehkuadm kms gshugkms supgrajrgs dg ijrlmhaøe djhgetg y táheahm, pmrm hjetraouar m uem hukturm dg rgspgtj ge gk íloatj imlakamr, hjlueatmraj, gshjkmr, kmojrmk y sjhamk, hjlj uem príhtahm damram. o) Aehkuar ge kjs pkmegs dg ijrlmhaøe y mhtumkazmhaøe djhgetg km dgtghhaøe prghjz dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms eaýms y lu`grgs, msì hjlj lghmeasljs y prjtjhjkjs pmrm gk mojrdm`g dg km prjokglítahm ge ngegrmk y praehapmklgetg dgetrj dg kms hjlueadmdgs aedìngems. h) Gstmokghgr lgdadms pmrm km gshjkmrazmhaøe aelgdamtm dg kms ba`ms g ba`js dg lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham qug buoagsge tgeadj qug hmloamr dg rgsadgeham pjr gstm hmusm j qug pjr humkquagr jtrm rmzøe sg gehugetrge ge satumhaøe dg ragsnj. d) _gvasmr y mhtumkazmr kjs kaorjs dg tgxtj y lmtgramkgs dadíhtahjs utakazmdjs ge gk sastglm gduhmtavj hje km iaemkadmd dg ijlgetmr km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs, jpjrtueadmdgs, tmetj y rgsuktmdjs dg kms lu`grgs hje rgkmhaøe m kjs bjlorgs, ge ngegrmk y praehapmklgetg ge km gduhmhaøe aedìngem. g) Gstmokghgr sastglms j prjnrmlms dg dgeuehams ge gk íloatj gduhmtavj, ge tjdjs sus eavgkgs, hjesadgrmedj km rgkmhaøe `grírquahm qug pugdm gxastar getrm km vìhtalm y kms pgrsjems mnrgsjrms. i) Aestruar km jokanmhaøe dg kjs hgetrjs gduhmtavjs dg rgigrar mk Laeastgraj Vðokahj j km Vjkahìm Emhajemk kjs hmsjs dg vajkgeham dg kjs qug tgenme hjejhalagetj j buoagrme dgtghtmdj.

21

Gk ejlorg jiahamk dg gstg Laeastgraj gs ‛Laeastgraj dg Gduhmhaøe y Hagehams (LGH)“.

=91

n) Ygkmr pjr qug kms lu`grgs aedìngems tgenme iíhak mhhgsj m kms gshugkms tmetj ge gk aenrgsj hjlj ge km pgrlmegeham, nmrmetazmedj km gesgýmezm ge su kgenum lmtgrem y oakaenûaslj, y mtgedagedj kms eghgsadmdgs gspghamkgs dg kms lu`grgs dg hjlueadmdgs aedìngems ljejkaenûgs. Tmokm ?6 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj =8 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9



Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukj =9¶ dg gstm Kgy0 Xghrgtmrìm dg km Iuehaøe Vðokahm.

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Hmpìtukjs AA. Dg km Kaogrtmd, AAA. Dg km Anumkdmd, YAA. Dg km Gduhmhaøe y dg km Hukturm. Mrtìhukjs =. Dg km Ijrlm dg Gstmdj y Njoagrej, =6=. Dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =6?. Dg kjs dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =69. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemraj(m) y glpkgmdj(m) pðokahj(m), =>9. Dg km pjkìtahm ghjeølahm y dg km prjljhaøe mk dgsmrrjkkj, =>>. Dgk hmríhtgr dg kjs pkmegs dg dgsmrrjkkj, =>2. Dg kjs rghursjs dgk Gstmdj,=>1. Dg km hrgmhaøe dg traoutjs, ??9. Dgk g`grhahaj dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj, ?46. Dg kms iuehajegs y ?4?. Dg kjs dgogrgs y mtraouhajegs dg kjs Laeastrjs(ms). Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs ?, 8, 4, 7, >, 2, =6, =4 y =7. Kgy =/=121. Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Mrtìhukjs =8 y ?9. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj(m). Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs =8 y =4. Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Mrtìhukjs 8 y ?>. Kgy 967/=117, Aetgrmlgrahmem vajkgeham hjetrmHjevgehaøe km lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs 8, 7, 9, pmrm > y 2.Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km Kgy =64>/=11>. Vrjtjhjkj mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs 8, 4, =8 y =4. Kgy =966/?666. Hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukj 8>. Xastglm dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk. Kgy 4?17/?6==. ]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm. Kgy 4>22/=?. Aetgnrmk hjetrm km trmtm dg pgrsjems. =>6

Hjlgetmrajs0

Ge km prjpugstm jranaemk dgk 8 dg lmrzj dg ?6=7 dg km Hjlasaøe dg @ustaham, Trmom`j y Vrgvasaøe Xjhamk, mk rgspghtj dg djedg dahg“ …anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dgk bjlorg y dg km lu`gr…“ dghìm ‛geijqug dg náegrj“. Ge humetj m km rgvasaøe dg tgxtjs, dghìm ‛_gvasmr y mhtumkazmr kjs kaorjs dg tgxtj y lmtgramkgs dadíhtahjs utakazmdjs ge gk sastglm gduhmtavj hje km iaemkadmd dg gkalaemr kjs gstgrgjtapjs sgxastms y dg náegrj y kjs hratgrajs dashralaemtjrajs, ijlgetmedj km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs, jpjrtueadmdgs, trmtj y rgsuktmdjs dg kms lu`grgs hje ge rgkmhaøe m kjs bjlorgs, ge ngegrmk y ge pmrtahukmr ge km gduhmhaøe aedìngem.“

Hjlj sg aedahm ge gk hjlgetmraj mk mrtìhukj prghgdgetg, km gxhkusaøe dg km gspghaiahadmd dg hjesadgrmr km pgrspghtavm, hratgrajs y praehapajs dg náegrj, ej bmhg kj suiahagetglgetg hkmrm km iuehaøe dgk Laeastgraj dg Gduhmhaøe y Hagehams dg gkalaemr tjdms kms omrrgrms qug prjlugvme km vajkgeham omsmdm ge msalgtrìms dg náegrj y rgkmhajegs dg pjdgr lmhbastm, pmtgremkastm y/j qug hjetraouym m gkalaemr gstgrgjtapjs sgxastms y hratgrajs dashralaemtjrajs. Ge hjesghugeham, km gxhkusaøe gxprgsm dg rgvasmr y hugstajemr kjs lmtgramkgs, pkmegs y prjnrmlms gxastgetgs, pjdrìm hjetraouar m qug kjs gstgrgjtapjs sgxastms y hratgrajs dashralaemtjrajs qug pudagrme prgvmkghgr, pgrlmegzhme.

Ge gk lmrhj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs y jtrjs lghmeasljs dgk sastglm aetgremhajemk dg prjtghhaøe, hjaehadg hje0 • •

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Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj 8. Lgtm 8.>3 Jo`gtavj 4 (Nmrmetazmr uem gduhmhaøe aehkusavm y gquatmtavm dg hmkadmd y prjljvgr jpjrtueadmdgs dg mprgedazm`g pgrlmegetg pmrm tjdms kms pgrsjems)3 Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtms 7.o y 7.h3 Jo`gtavj =6. Lgtm =6.?3 Jo`gtavj =9. Lgtms =9.>, =9.=6, =9.m y =9.o. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj. Lgtm Vrajratmram M. Dgsmiìj ?3 Lgtm Vrajratmram O. Dgsmiìjs >, 2, 1, ==, =?, =8, =7 y =93 Lgtm DgsmiìjsG.?6,Dgsmiìjs ?8 y 8634>, Lgtm 84, 82, 81 yVrajratmram 4=3 LgtmH. Vrajratmram 76,Vrajratmram 79, 72, 71,D. 98Dgsmiìjs y 973 Lgtm Vrajratmram I. Dgsmiìjs 9> y 923 Lgtm Vrajratmram N. Dgsmiìjs >9, >>, >2, >1 y 2?3 Lgtm Vrajratmram B. Dgsmiìj 213 Lgtm Vrajratmram A. Dgsmiìj 1?, 18, 14 y 12. Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Tgrhgr Aeijrlg dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge Vmrmnumy dg ?66=. Aeijrlg dg sgnualagetj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg ?668. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?667. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?669. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?66>.

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Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj(m). _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. =>=

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_gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg gk Dgrghbj m km Gduhmhaøe. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá hjetrm km Tjrturm. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. _gkmtjrm Gspghamk sjorg km Gxtrglm Vjorgzm y kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=?. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=8. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kjs pugokjs aedìngems. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=7. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=9.

Mrtìhukj =4¶. Xghrgtmrìm dg Aeijrlmhaøe y Hjlueahmhaøe 16. Km Xghrgtmrìm dg Aeijrlmhaøe y

Hjlueahmhaøe gs rgspjesmokg dg0 m) Gstmokghgr dgsdg gk Xastglm Emhajemk dg Hjlueahmhaøe km daiusaøe dg lgesm`gs y hmlpmýms pgrlmegetgs dg sgesaoakazmhaøe y hjehagehamhaøe daranadms m km pjokmhaøe ge ngegrmk y praehapmklgetg m kms lu`grgs sjorg gk dgrghbj m vavar uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham y m km ej dashralaemhaøe. o) Xgesaoakazmr sjorg km dgsemturmkazmhaøe dg km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs, gk usj ej sgxastm dg su almnge, su hjsaiahmhaøe y gk lmeg`j mdghumdj dg km aeijrlmhaøe sjorg bghbjs dg vajkgeham, m kjs lgdajs lmsavjs dg hjlueahmhaøe, mngehams dg puokahadmd y meuehametgs. h) Mdjptmr ge hjjrdaemhaøe hje kms jrnmeazmhajegs rgprgsgetmtavms dg kjs lgdajs dg hjlueahmhaøe y trmom`mdjrgs y trmom`mdjrms dg km prgesm, darghtrahgs pmrm km daiusaøe dg aeijrlmhaøe sjorg bghbjs dg vajkgeham, msì hjlj dg prjnrmlms lgesm`gs y hjetgeadjs pmrm hjetraouar m prgvgear km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs ge tjdms sus ijrlms y nmrmetazmr gk rgspgtj m km daneadmd dg kms lu`grgs.

16

Gk ejlorg jiahamk dg gstm Xghrgtmrìm dg Gstmdj gs ‛Xghrgtmrìm dg Aeijrlmhaøe y Hjlueahmhaøe (XAHJL)“

=>?

d) Oraedmr hmpmhatmhaøe m prjigsajemkgs dg kjs lgdajs lmsavjs dg hjlueahmhaøe ge vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs y trmtmlagetj aeijrlmtavj. Tmokm ?= - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj =4 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj =7¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. (…) o) Km sgesaoakazmhaøe m kjs lgdajs lmsavjs dg hjlueahmhaøe, mngehams dg puokahadmd y meuehametgs ge km dgsemturmkazmhaøe dg km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs, gk usj ej sgxastm dg km almnge dg kms lu`grgs, su hjsaiahmhaøe y gk lmeg`j dg km aeijrlmhaøe sjorg bghbjs dg vajkgeham (…) Xae jtrms ljdaiahmhajegs

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs 1. Dg km Hjeiadgehamkadmd y =9 Xghrgtmrìm dg km Iuehaøe Vðokahm dg gstm Kgy.

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk.y dg Hmpìtukjs A. DgMrtìhukjs km Yadm y=.gkDg Mloagetg, Dg km Anumkdmd, YAA. Dg km Gduhmhaøe km Hukturm. km IjrlmAAA. dg Gstmdj y Njoagrej, ??. Dg km puokahmhaøe dg kjs prjhgsjs, ?4. Dg km Kaogrtmd rgkanajsm y km adgjkønahm, ?7. Dg km kaorg gxprgsaøe dg km pgrsjemkadmd, ?9. Dg km kaogrtmd dg gxprgsaøe y dg prgesm, ?>. Dg kjs lgdajs lmsavjs dg hjlueahmhaøe sjhamk, ?2. Dgk dgrghbj m aeijrlmrsg, ?1. Dg km kaogrtmd dgk g`grhahaj dgk pgrajdaslj, 8=. Dg kjs lgdajs lmsavjs dg hjlueahmhaøe dgk Gstmdj, 89. Dgk dgrghbj m km aevajkmoakadmd dgk pmtraljeaj djhulgetmk y dg km hjlueahmhaøe pravmdm, 8>. Dgk dgrghbj m km jo`ghaøe dg hjehageham, 82. Dgk dgrghbj dg kjs aetgrgsgs daiusjs, =6=. Dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =6?. Dg kjs dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =69. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemraj(m) y glpkgmdj(m) pðokahj(m), =>9. Dg km pjkìtahm ghjeølahm y dg km prjljhaøe mk dgsmrrjkkj, =>>. Dgk hmríhtgr dg kjs pkmegs dg dgsmrrjkkj, =>2. Dg kjs rghursjs dgk Gstmdj,=>1. Dg km hrgmhaøe dg traoutjs, ??9. Dgk g`grhahaj dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj, ?46. Dg kms iuehajegs y ?4?. Dg kjs dgogrgs y mtraouhajegs dg kjs Laeastrjs(ms). Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs ?, 8, 4, 7, >, 2, =6, =4 y =7. Kgy =/=121. Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Mrtìhukjs =8 y ?9. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj(m). Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs =8 y =4. Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Mrtìhukjs 8 y ?>.

=>8

Kgy 967/=117, Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs 8, 7, 9, > y 2. Kgy =64>/=11>. Vrjtjhjkj mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs 8, 4, =8 y =4. Kgy =966/?666. Hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm. Kgy =926/?66=. km eaýgz y kmmhtumhajegs, mdjkgshgeham. 8. Dgk praehapaj aetgrás supgrajr, Hødanj ?>. Dgk dg sghrgtj dg kms ?2.Mrtìhukjs Dg kms gxhgphajegs dgk dgk sghrgtj, ?1. Dg km prjbaoahaøe dg puokahmhaøe y 8>. Xastglm dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk. Kgy 4?17/?6==. ]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm. Kgy 4>22/=?. Aetgnrmk hjetrm km trmtm dg pgrsjems.

Hjlgetmrajs


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Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj 8. Lgtm 8.>3 Jo`gtavj 4 (Nmrmetazmr uem gduhmhaøe aehkusavm y gquatmtavm dg hmkadmd y prjljvgr jpjrtueadmdgs dg mprgedazm`g pgrlmegetg pmrm tjdms kms pgrsjems)3 Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtms 7.o y 7.h3 Jo`gtavj =6. Lgtm =6.?3 Jo`gtavj =9. Lgtms =9.>, =9.=6, =9.m y =9.o. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj. Lgtm Vrajratmram M. Dgsmiìj ?3 Lgtm Vrajratmram O. Dgsmiìjs >, 2, 1, ==, =?, =8, =7 y =93 Lgtm Vrajratmram H. Dgsmiìjs ?6, ?8 y 863 Lgtm Vrajratmram D. Dgsmiìjs 84, 82, 81 y 4=3 Lgtm Vrajratmram G. Dgsmiìjs 4>, 76, 79, 72, 71, 98 y 973 Lgtm Vrajratmram I. Dgsmiìjs 9> y 923 Lgtm Vrajratmram N. Dgsmiìjs >9, >>, >2, >1 y 2?3 Lgtm Vrajratmram B. Dgsmiìj 213 Lgtm Vrajratmram A. Dgsmiìj 1?, 18, 14 y 12. Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Tgrhgr Aeijrlg dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge Vmrmnumy dg ?66=. Aeijrlg dg sgnualagetj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg ?668. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?667. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?669. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?66>. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj(m). _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg gk Dgrghbj m km Gduhmhaøe. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. =>4

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Hjlatá hjetrm km Tjrturm. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. _gkmtjrm Gspghamk sjorg km Gxtrglm Vjorgzm y kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=?. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=8. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kjs pugokjs aedìngems. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=7. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=9.

Mrtìhukj =7¶. Xghrgtmrìm dg Tghejkjnìms dg km Aeijrlmhaøe y Hjlueahmhaøe1=. Km Xghrgtmram

Emhajemk dg Tghejkjnìm dg km Aeijrlmhaøe y Hjlueahmhaøe gs rgspjesmokg dg rgmkazmr hmlpmýms pgrlmegetgs dg sgesaoakazmhaøe y hjehagehamhaøe daranadms m km pjokmhaøe ge ngegrmk y praehapmklgetg m kms lu`grgs sjorg km vajkgeham tgkglítahm y lgdadms dg prgvgehaøe. Anumklgetg gs iuehaøe dg gstm Xghrgtmrìm dgsmrrjkkmr g alpkglgetmr prjtjhjkjs dg dgtghhaøe y prgvgehaøe dg kms eugvms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm lu`grgs ge gk usj dg Tghejkjnìms dg km Aeijrlmhaøe y km hjlueahmhaøe (TAH). Tmokm ?? - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj =7 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9



Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs 1. Dg km Hjeiadgehamkadmd y =9 Xghrgtmrìm dg km Iuehaøe Vðokahm dg gstm Kgy.

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Hmpìtukjs A. Dg km Yadm y gk Mloagetg, AAA. Dg km Anumkdmd, YAA. Dg km Gduhmhaøe y dg km Hukturm. Mrtìhukjs =. Dg km Ijrlm dg Gstmdj y Njoagrej, ??. Dg km puokahmhaøe dg kjs prjhgsjs, ?4. Dg km Kaogrtmd rgkanajsm y km adgjkønahm, ?7. Dg km kaorg gxprgsaøe dg km pgrsjemkadmd, ?9. Dg km kaogrtmd dg gxprgsaøe y dg prgesm, ?>. Dg kjs lgdajs lmsavjs dg hjlueahmhaøe sjhamk, ?2. Dgk dgrghbj m aeijrlmrsg, ?1. Dg km kaogrtmd dgk g`grhahaj dgk pgrajdaslj, 86. Dg kms sgýmkgs dg hjlueahmhaøe gkghtrjlmneátahm, 8=. Dg kjs lgdajs lmsavjs dg hjlueahmhaøe dgk Gstmdj, 89. Dgk dgrghbj m km aevajkmoakadmd dgk pmtraljeaj djhulgetmk y dg km hjlueahmhaøe pravmdm, 8>. Dgk dgrghbj m km jo`ghaøe dg hjehageham, 82. Dgk dgrghbj dg kjs aetgrgsgs daiusjs, =6=. Dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y 1=

Gk ejlorg jiahamk dg gstm Xghrgtmrìm dg Gstmdj gs ‛ Xghrgtmrìm Emhajemk dg Tghejkjnìms dg km Aeijrlmhaøe y

Hjlueahmhaøe (XGEMTAHs)“

=>7

dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =6?. Dg kjs dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =69. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemraj(m) y glpkgmdj(m) pðokahj(m), =>9. Dg km pjkìtahm ghjeølahm y dg km prjljhaøe mk dgsmrrjkkj, =>>. Dgk hmríhtgr dg kjs pkmegs dg dgsmrrjkkj, =>2. Dg kjs rghursjs dgk Gstmdj,=>1. Dg km hrgmhaøe dg traoutjs, ??9. Dgk g`grhahaj dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj, ?46. Dg kms iuehajegs y ?4?. Dg kjs dgogrgs y mtraouhajegs dg kjs Laeastrjs(ms). Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs ?, 8, 4, 7, >, 2, =6, =4 y =7. Kgy =/=121. Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Mrtìhukjs =8 y ?9. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj(m). Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs =8 y =4. Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Mrtìhukjs 8 y ?>. Kgy 967/=117, Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs 8, 7, 9, > y 2. Kgy =64>/=11>. Vrjtjhjkj mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs =8 y =4. ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs 8, 4, Kgy =966/?666. Hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km Eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukjs 8. Dgk praehapaj dgk aetgrás supgrajr, ?>. Dgk sghrgtj dg kms mhtumhajegs, ?2. Dg kms gxhgphajegs dgk sghrgtj, ?1. Dg km prjbaoahaøe dg puokahmhaøe y 8>. Xastglm dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk. Kgy 4?17/?6==. ]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm. Kgy 4>22/=?. Aetgnrmk hjetrm km trmtm dg pgrsjems.

Hjlgetmrajs


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Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj 8. Lgtm 8.>3 Jo`gtavj 4 (Nmrmetazmr uem gduhmhaøe aehkusavm y gquatmtavm dg hmkadmd y prjljvgr jpjrtueadmdgs dg mprgedazm`g pgrlmegetg pmrm tjdms kms pgrsjems)3 Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtms 7.o y 7.h3 Jo`gtavj =6. Lgtm =6.?3 Jo`gtavj =9. Lgtms =9.>, =9.=6, =9.m y =9.o. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj. Lgtm Vrajratmram M. Dgsmiìj ?3 Lgtm Vrajratmram O. Dgsmiìjs >, 2, 1, ==, =?, =8, =7 y =93 Lgtm Vrajratmram H. Dgsmiìjs ?6, ?8 y 863 Lgtm Vrajratmram D. Dgsmiìjs 84, 82, 81 y 4=3 Lgtm Vrajratmram G. Dgsmiìjs 4>, 76, 79, 72, 71, 98 y 973 Lgtm =>9

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Vrajratmram I. Dgsmiìjs 9> y 923 Lgtm Vrajratmram N. Dgsmiìjs >9, >>, >2, >1 y 2?3 Lgtm Vrajratmram B. Dgsmiìj 213 Lgtm Vrajratmram A. Dgsmiìj 1?, 18, 14 y 12. Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Tgrhgr Aeijrlg dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge Vmrmnumy dg ?66=. Aeijrlg dg sgnualagetj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg ?668. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?667. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?669. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?66>. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj(m). _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg gk Dgrghbj m km Gduhmhaøe. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá hjetrm km Tjrturm. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. _gkmtjrm Gspghamk sjorg km Gxtrglm Vjorgzm y kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=?. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=8. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kjs pugokjs aedìngems. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=7. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=9.

Mrtìhukj =9¶. Xghrgtmrìm dg km Iuehaøe Vðokahm. Xje jokanmhajegs dg km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Iuehaøe

Vðokahm0 m) Gstmokghgr pjkìtahms gspghìiahms pmrm alpkglgetmr km prgsgetg kgy ge gk sastglm dg mdlaeastrmhaøe pðokahm, ge gspghamk rgspghtj m km dashralaemhaøe, gk mhjsj sgxumk y kmojrmk, km anumkdmd ge gk trmom`j pmrm bjlorgs y lu`grgs, msì hjlj km alpkglgetmhaøe dg kms ejrlms rgkmtavms m km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemramdj pðokahj pjr mhtjs u jlasajegs qug saneaiaquge mhtjs dg vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs. o) Xgesaoakazmr y hmpmhatmr mk pgrsjemk dg km mdlaeastrmhaøe pðokahm dgsdg uem pgrspghtavm dg anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dgk bjlorg y dg km lu`gr, km ej dashralaemhaøe y kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs, gspghamklgetg gk dgrghbj m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham. =>>

Tmokm ?8 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj =9 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj =>¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Xae ljdaiahmhajegs

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukj 1. Hjeiadgehamkadmd dg gstm Kgy.

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Mrtìhukjs =. Dg km Ijrlm dg Gstmdj y Njoagrej, 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham, =6=. Dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =6?. Dg kjs dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =69. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemraj(m) y glpkgmdj(m) pðokahj(m) y ??9. Dgk g`grhahaj dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj. Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Kgy =/=121. Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Mrtìhukj ? y ?9. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj(m). Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs ?, 8 y 4. Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Mrtìhukj ? y 8. Kgy 967/=117, Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. Kgy =64>/=11>. Vrjtjhjkj mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 4 y 7. Kgy =966/?666. Dg km vajkgeham djlástahm. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukjs 8. Dgk praehapaj dgk aetgrás supgrajr, 4. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd suosadamram, 7. Dg km jokanmhaøe dg dgeuehamr, 9. Dg km prjljhaøe y daiusaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs dgk eaýj(m) y mdjkgshgetg, ?>. Dgk sghrgtj dg kms mhtumhajegs, ?2. Dg kms gxhgphajegs dgk sghrgtj, ?1. Dg km prjbaoahaøe dg puokahmhaøe y 8>. Xastglm dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk. Kgy =227/?66?. Dgk mduktj(m) lmyjr. Kgy 8446/?662 ]ug ljdaiahm kjs Mrtìhukjs =?2, =8?, =88 y =87 y dgrjnm gk Mrtìhukj =86 dgk Hødanj Vgemk Vmrmnumyj Kgy ==96/?66>. Mrtìhukjs =48 y =42. Kgy 8746/?662. Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs dg kms Vgrsjems hje Dashmpmhadmd. Kgy 4?17/?6==. ]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm. Kgy 4>22/=?. Aetgnrmk hjetrm km trmtm dg pgrsjems.

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_gsjkuhaøe dg km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Iuehaøe Vðokahm 7=9/?6=9 mprjoø gk Vrjtjhjkj dg Aetgrvgehaøe y Nuìm dg Mtgehaøe pmrm hmsjs dg dashralaemhaøe y mhjsj kmojrmk ge km iuehaøe pðokahm.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Ge km prjpugstm jranaemk dghìm mk rgspghtj ‛Xgesaoakazmr y hmpmhatmr mk pgrsjemk dg km mdlaeastrmhaøe pðokahm“ aehkuìm ‛ge gk geijqug dg náegrj, km ej dashralaemhaøe y kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs, gspghamklgetg, gk dgrghbj m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham.“ Mk rgspghtj, sg trmeshraoge mknuems dg kms rghjlgedmhajegs rghaoadms pjr gk pmìs pjr hjesadgrmrkj ue Mrtìhukj rgkgvmetg ge humetj m km rgspjesmoakadmd gstmtmk ge lmtgram dg ijrlmhaøe y sgesaoakazmhaøe pmrm km prgvgehaøe y gk trmtmlagetj mdghumdj m km pgrsjem vìhtalm y m km pgrsjem vahtalmram3 y muequg ej sg hjesadgrm km gxprgsaøe rgkmtavm m geijqug j praehapajs dg náegrj, sa sg tageg ge hugetm gk hjlgetmraj dgk Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr qug ge ?667 sgýmkmom0 (Gk hjlatá) Aestm m qug sg ‛tjlg ejtm“ dg qug kjs tárlaejs "gquadmd" g "anumkdmd" ej grme saeøealjs j aetgrhmloamokgs, y qug km Hjevgehaøe tgeìm pjr jo`gtj gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr y msgnurmr km anumkdmd dg ùrg y dg imhtj getrg lu`grgs y bjlorgs. Vjr hjesanuagetg, gk Hjlatá rghjlgedø qug gk Gstmdj pmrtg usmrí ge kj suhgsavj gk tárlaej "anumkdmd".

Ge kms laslms rghjlgedmhajegs, sgýmkmdm tmloaáe0 (Gk Hjlatá) _gdjokø km sjkahatud dg sgesaoakazmr m kjs iuehajemrajs pðokahjs, gspghamklgetg kjs gehmrnmdjs dg bmhgr hulpkar km kgy, gk pjdgr ùdahamk, kjs mngetgs dg kjs sgrvahajs dg smkud y kjs msastgetgs sjhamkgs, g aehukhmr km adgm dg qug km vajkgeham gs sjhamk y ljrmklgetg aemdlasaokg y hjestatuyg uem ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr y uem vajkmhaøe dg sus Dgrghbjs Bulmejs.

Ge gk mýj ?6==, rgijrzmrí0 ]ug sg aetgesaiaquge kjs gsiugrzjs pmrm mulgetmr km hjehagehamhaøe getrg gk iuehajemramdj pðokahj, gspghamklgetg ùrasdahhajemkgs, mqugkkms pgrsjems qug sje prjvggdjrmskms dgiugrzms smkud ydgk dg jrdge trmom`jysjhamk (…) rgdjokgdg gsiugrzjs pmrm jrnmeazmr hmlpmýms dg sgesaoakazmhaøe y gduhmhaøe pðokahm daranadms m km pjokmhaøe ge ngegrmk y, ge pmrtahukmr, m quagegs sje darangeham pjkìtahm y rgkanajsm y iuehajemramdj dgk Njoagrej, hje larms m hmloamr kms mhtatudgs trmdahajemklgetg msjhamdms m km dashralaemhaøe dg náegrj ge km imlakam y ge km sjhagdmd ge ngegrmk, dg hjeijrladmd hje kjs Mrtìhukjs ?.i y 7.m dg km Hjevgehaøe.

Gsg laslj mýj, gk Hjlatá Hjetrm km Tjrturm mnrgnmom0 Gk Gstmdj pmrtg dgogrìm mdglís dgsmrrjkkmr hmlpmýms dg sgesaoakazmhaøe mlpkams y hursjs dg hmpmhatmhaøe sjorg km prgvgehaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms, dgstaemdjs m kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) qug gstíe ge hjetmhtj darghtj hje kms vìhtalms.

=>1

Mk rgspghtj dgk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej, km Hjevgehaøe dg ‛Ogkgl dj Vmrí“, sgýmkm gxprgsmlgetg qug0 Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs hjedgeme tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y hjevagege ge mdjptmr, pjr tjdjs kjs lgdajs mprjpamdjs y sae dakmhajegs, pjkìtahms jragetmdms m prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr dahbm vajkgeham y ge kkgvmr m hmoj kj sanuagetg0 m) mostgegrsg dg humkquagr mhhaøe j príhtahm dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y vgkmr pjr qug mutjradmdgs, iuehajemrajs, pgrsjemk y mngetgs aestatuhajegs sg hjlpjrtge dgkms hjeijrladmd hjesusgstm rgkmhaøe (…). (Mrtìhukj >. Kgyg967/=117)

Ge alpjrtmetg rgsmktmr qug sg lmetageg km rgspjesmoakadmd gspghamk irgetg m km aeijrlmhaøe rgkmtavm m kms pgrsjems vaehukmdms hje humkquagr prjhgsj mdlaeastrmtavj j ùrasdahhajemk, sgme vìhtalms, vahtalmrams j tgstanjs y gk mnrmvmetg dg tjdm pgrsjem iuehajemram pðokahm mk rgspghtj dg km vajkmhaøe dg gsg sghrgtj. Vmrm lís aeijrlmhaøe mk rgspghtj, vgr kjs hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 1 (hjeiadgehamkadmd).


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Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj 8. Lgtm 8.>3 Jo`gtavj 4 (Nmrmetazmr uem gduhmhaøe aehkusavm y gquatmtavm dg hmkadmd y prjljvgr jpjrtueadmdgs dg mprgedazm`g pgrlmegetg pmrm tjdms kms pgrsjems)3 Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtms 7.o y 7.h3 Jo`gtavj =6. Lgtm =6.?3 Jo`gtavj =9. Lgtms =9.>, =9.=6, =9.m y =9.o. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj. Lgtm Vrajratmram M. Dgsmiìj ?3 Lgtm Vrajratmram O. Dgsmiìjs >, 2, 1, ==, =?, =8, =7 y =93 Lgtm Vrajratmram H. Dgsmiìjs ?6, ?8 y 863 Lgtm Vrajratmram D. Dgsmiìjs 84, 82, 81 y 4=3 Lgtm Vrajratmram G. Dgsmiìjs 4>, 76, 7=, 7?, 78, 79, 72, 71, 98 y 973 Lgtm Vrajratmram I. Dgsmiìjs 9> y 923 Lgtm Vrajratmram N. Dgsmiìjs >9, >>, >2, >1 y 2?3 Lgtm Vrajratmram B. Dgsmiìj 213 Lgtm Vrajratmram A. Dgsmiìj 1?, 18, 14 y 12. Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Tgrhgr Aeijrlg dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge Vmrmnumy dg ?66=. Aeijrlg dg sgnualagetj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg ?668. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?667. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?669. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?66>. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj(m). _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg gk Dgrghbj m km Gduhmhaøe. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. =26

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Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá hjetrm km Tjrturm. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. _gkmtjrm Gspghamk sjorg km Gxtrglm Vjorgzm y kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=?. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=8. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kjs pugokjs aedìngems. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=7. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=9.

Mrtìhukj =>¶. Laeastgraj dg Trmom`j, Glpkgj y Xgnuradmd Xjhamk. Gk Laeastgraj dg Trmom`j,

Glpkgj y Xgnuradmd Xjhamk, ge gk lmrhj dg sus mtraouhajegs y iuehajegs dgogrí0 m) Gstmokghgr pjkìtahms pmrm km rghupgrmhaøe dg kms lu`grgs trmom`mdjrms ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham y km rgstatuhaøe dg sus dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs. o) Gstmokghgr prjnrmlms dg hmpmhatmhaøe táheahm y prjduhtavm pmrm lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham y dg aesgrhaøe kmojrmk. h) Gkmojrmr y pjegr ge príhtahm hratgrajs pmrm km aehkusaøe dgkms lu`grgs ge kjs pkmegs y prjnrmlms dg ijrtmkghalagetj y prjljhaøe kmojrmk. d) G`ghutmr prjnrmlms pmrm gk glpjdgrmlagetj sjhamk y ghjeølahj dg kms lu`grgs aehkuadj gk mhhgsj mk hrádatj, km hmpmhatmhaøe prjigsajemk y glprgsmramk, msì hjlj km rgduhhaøe dg km orghbm smkmramk getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs. g) Dgsmrrjkkmr prjnrmlms dg sgesaoakazmhaøe y hmpmhatmhaøe m glprgsms y saedahmtjs pmrm gkalaemr km vajkgeham kmojrmk hjetrm kms lu`grgs y prjljvgr km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs y jpjrtueadmdgs ge gk íloatj kmojrmk. i) Gstmokghgr lghmeasljs dg vanakmeham y smehaøe dgk Gstmdj pjr gk aehulpkalagetj dg kjs dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs dg km lu`gr, hje prajradmd dg kms qug vavge ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham.

=2=

Tmokm ?4 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj => dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9



Hjehjrdmehams0


Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Mrtìhukjs =. Dg km Ijrlm dg Gstmdj y Njoagrej, 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham, =6=. Dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =6?. Dg kjs dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =69. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemraj(m) y glpkgmdj(m) pðokahj(m) y ??9. Dgk g`grhahaj dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj. Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Kgy =/=121. Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Mrtìhukj ? y ?9. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj(m). Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs ?, 8 y 4. Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Mrtìhukj ? y 8. Kgy 967/=117, Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. Kgy =64>/=11>. Vrjtjhjkj mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 4 y 7. Kgy =966/?666. Dg km vajkgeham djlástahm. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukjs ?7. Dgk dgrghbj dgk eaýj(m) m sgr prjtgnadj(m) hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg gxpkjtmhaøe, 8=. Dg km prjbaoahaøe dg utakazmr mk eaýj(m) j mdjkgshgetg ge gk hjlgrhaj sgxumk y Tìtukj Xgnuedj0 Dg km prjtghhaøe m kjs(ms) mdjkgshgetgs trmom`mdjrgs(ms). Kgy =227/?66?. Dgk mduktj(m) lmyjr. Kgy 8746/?662. Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs dg kms Vgrsjems hje Dashmpmhadmd. Kgy 4?17/?6==. ]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm. Kgy 4>22/=?. Aetgnrmk hjetrm km trmtm dg pgrsjems. _gsjkuhaøe Ej. 4>? dgk Laeastgraj dg Trmom`j, Glpkgj y Xgnuradmd Xjhamk pjr lgdaj dg km humk sg rgnkmlgetm gk prjhgdalagetj pmrm km aespghhaøe dg sgnuradmd y smkud ge gk trmom`j y smehajem km vajkgeham kmojrmk, gk ljooaen j mhjsj kmojrmk y gk mhjsj sgxumk ge kjs kunmrgs dg trmom`j

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Hjlgetmrajs0

Wej dg kjs gkglgetjs lís aetgrgsmetgs dg gstg Mrtìhukj gs qug, mdglís dg rghjejhgr gk dgrghbj mk trmom`j dg kms lu`grgs, dm ue pmsj ijrlmk ge km jokanmhaøe dgk Gstmdj dg gstmokghgr pjkìtahms pmrm km rghupgrmhaøe y rgaesgrhaøe dg kms lu`grgs trmom`mdjrms ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham y km rgstatuhaøe dg sus dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs sae gspghaiahmr jtrjs dgtmkkgs. Dg gstm lmegrm, y mk ej lgehajemr qug sg trmtm gxhkusavmlgetg dg kms lu`grgs qug sje vìhtalms dg vajkgeham ge íloatj djlástahj j aetrmimlakamr, sg aeiagrg km aehjrpjrmhaøe tíhatm m kms lu`grgs lanrmetgs, m kms qug iugrme j tuvagrme ragsnj dg sgr vìhtalms dg trmtm aetgrem j aetgremhajemk, m kms lu`grgs vìhtalms dg dashralaemhaøe, gth. Msalaslj, gstmokghg km jokanmhaøe dg gstg Laeastgraj dg dgsmrrjkkmr y prjljvgr mhhajegs pjsatavms pmrm km rgduhhaøe dg km orghbm smkmramk getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs (qug mightm m kms lu`grgs).


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Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtms 7.=, 7.?, 7.4, 7.9, 7.m, 7.o y 7.h3 Jo`gtavj 2. Lgtms 2.8, 2.7, 2.>, 2.23 Jo`gtavj =6. Lgtms =6.?, =6.8, =6.43 Jo`gtavj =9. Lgtms =9.?, =9.>, =9.=6, =9.m y =9.o. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj. Lgtm Vrajratmram M. Dgsmiìjs =, ? y 83 Lgtm Vrajratmram O. Dgsmiìjs 1, =?, =8 y =73 Lgtm Vrajratmram H. Dgsmiìjs =2, ?6, ?8, ?> y 863 Lgtm Vrajratmram D. Dgsmiìjs 87, 89, 8>, 82, 81 y 483 Lgtm Vrajratmram G. Dgsmiìjs 4>, 76, 74, 79, 72, 71 y 973 Lgtm Vrajratmram I. Dgsmiìjs 9> y 923 Lgtm Vrajratmram N. Dgsmiìjs >9, >>, >2, >1, 2=y 2?. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg =117. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg =119. Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Tgrhgr Aeijrlg dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge Vmrmnumy dg ?66=. Aeijrlg dg sgnualagetj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg ?668. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?667. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?669. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?66>. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá hjetrm km Tjrturm. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. _gkmtjrm Gspghamk sjorg km Gxtrglm Vjorgzm y kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=?. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=8. =28

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Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=9.

Mrtìhukj =2¶. Xghrgtmrìm dg Mhhaøe Xjhamk . Km Xghrgtmrìm dg Mhhaøe Xjhamk, ge gk lmrhj dg sus

iuehajegs, prjljvgrí kms pjkìtahms dg prjtghhaøe, prgvgehaøe y gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr ge sus prjyghtjs j prjnrmlms dg prjtghhaøe y prjljhaøe g aehkusaøe ghjeølahm, qug mpuetme praehapmklgetg mk glpjdgrmlagetj sjhamk y m km mutjejlìm ghjeølahm dg kms lu`grgs. Tmokm ?7 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj =2 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9



Hjehjrdmehams0


Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Mrtìhukjs =. Dg km Ijrlm dg Gstmdj y Njoagrej, 4. Dgk dgrghbj m km vadm, 9. Dg km hmkadmd dg vadm, >. Dgk dgrghbj m ue mloagetg smkudmokg, 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham, =6=. Dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =6?. Dg kjs dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =69. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemraj(m) y glpkgmdj(m) pðokahj(m) y ??9. Dgk g`grhahaj dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj. Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Kgy =/=121. Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Mrtìhukj ? y ?9. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj(m). Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs ?, 8 y 4. Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Mrtìhukj ? y 8. Kgy 967/=117, Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. Kgy =64>/=11>. Vrjtjhjkj mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 4 y 7.

=24

Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukjs 8. Dgk praehapaj dgk aetgrás supgrajr, 4. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd suosadamram y 8>. Dgk sastglm dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Xagedj km Lasaøe aestatuhajemk dg km XMX ‛Kadgrmr y hjjrdaemr kms mhhajegs dg prjtghhaøe y prjljhaøe sjhamk dgk Gstmdj m trmvás dg km alpkglgetmhaøe dg prjnrmlms y prjyghtjs sjhamkgs, geijhmdms m km pjokmhaøe ge satumhaøe dg pjorgzm y pjorgzm gxtrglm“, gstg Mrtìhukj gs gspghamklgetg rgkgvmetg ge lmtgram dg prjljvgr gk dgsmrrjkkj dg lu`grgs ge ngegrmk y dg mqugkkms qug sg gehugetrme ge satumhaøe dg pjorgzm y dg pjorgzm gxtrglm.


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Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj. Gstrmtgnam dg Mhhaøe ?.6 pmrm km Xmkud dg kms Lu`grgs, kjs(ms) eaýjs(ms) y mdjkgshgetgs. Mngedm dg Mhhaøe dg Mdas Mogom. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg0 Jo`gtavj 8. Lgtms 8.=, 8.?, 8.> y 8.23 Jo`gtavj 4. Lgtms 4.=, 4.7 y 4.>3 Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtms 7.=, 7.?, 7.8, 7.4, 7.7, 7.9, 7.m, 7.o y 7.h3 Jo`gtavj 9. Lgtm 9.?3 Jo`gtavj 2. Lgtms 2.8, 2.7, 2.> y 2.23 Jo`gtavj =6. Lgtms =6.?, =6.8 y =6.43 Jo`gtavj =9. Lgtms =9.=, =9.?, =9.8, =9.>, =9.1, =9.=6, =9.m y =9.o. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj0 Lgtm prajratmram M. Dgsmiìjs =, ? y 83 Lgtm prajratmram O. Dgsmiìjs >, 2, 1, =8, =4, =7 y =93 Lgtm prajratmram H. Dgsmiìjs =2, ?6, ??, ?8, ?4, ?>, ?2, 86, 8= y 8?3 Lgtm prajratmram D. Dgsmiìjs 8>, 82, 81, 46, 4=, 48 y 493 Lgtm prajratmram G. Dgsmiìjs 4>, 76, 7=, 7? y 723 Lgtm prajratmram N. Dgsmiìjs >9, >>, >1, 2= y 2?3 Lgtm prajratmram B. Dgsmiìjs 2> y 223 Lgtm prajratmram A. Dgsmiìjs 1?, 18 y 14. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg =117. Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Tgrhgr aeijrlg sjorg km satumhaøedgdgsgnualagetj kjs DgrghbjsdgBulmejs ge Vmrmnumy ?66=. Aeijrlg rghjlgedmhajegs dg kmdgHjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg ?66=. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?668. Hjlatá pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?667. Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Qmcyg Mxm Ys. Vmrmnumy. Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dgk => dg ùeaj dg ?667. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?669. Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Xmwbjymlmxm Ys. Vmrmnumy. Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dgk ?1 dg lmrzj dg ?669. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?669. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?66>. =27

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Hjlatá dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Ríljc Císgc Ys. Vmrmnumy. Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dgk ?4 dg mnjstj dg ?6=6. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. _gkmtjrm Gspghamk sjorg km Gxtrglm pjorgzm y kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=?. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=8. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kjs pugokjs aedìngems. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=7. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=9.

Mrtìhukj =1¶. Xghrgtmrìm dg Glgrngeham Emhajemk. Km Xghrgtmrìm dg Glgrngeham Emhajemk

dgogrí hjesadgrmr mhhajegs qug msgnurge qug tmetj kms lu`grgs hjlj bjlorgs rghaome pjr anumk ogegiahajs dg kms lgdadms dgsmrrjkkmdms rgspgtj m km ngstaøe y rgduhhaøe dgk ragsnj. Ge kjs hmsjs ge kjs qug km pjokmhaøe rgquagrm gk mkogrnug ge kunmrgs gspghamkgs j hmlpmlgetjs, dgogrí hjjrdaemr hje kms aestatuhajegs pgrtaegetgs km mtgehaøe gspghamk m lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham djlástahm, m iae dg qug km laslm satumhaøe ej hjetaeðg. Tmokm ?9 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj =1 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj ?6¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Xghrgtmrìm dg Glgrngeham Emhajemk. Ge satumhajegs y dghkmrmhajegs dg glgrngehams j dg dgsmstrgs, km Xghrgtmrìm dg Glgrngeham Emhajemk, hjlj msì laslj dgetrj dg km Ngstaøe dg _gduhhaøe dgk _agsnj, hjeijrlg km Vjkìtahm Emhajemk vangetg, dgogrí mhhajegs qug msgnurge qug tmetjmlu`grgs hjlj bjlorgs rghaoaríe pjr hjesadgrmr anumk kjs ogegiahajs dg kms lgdadms dgsmrrjkkmdms rgspghtj m km ngstaøe dgk ragsnj y rgduhhaøe dgk ragsnj. Ge kjs hmsjs ge kjs qug km pjokmhaøe rgquagrm gk mkogrnug ge kunmrgs gspghamkgs j hmlpmlgetjs, dgogrí hjjrdaemr hje kms aestatuhajegs pgrtaegetgs km lmegrm dg mtgedgr gspghamklgetg m mqugkkms lu`grgs qug bmyme sadj vìhtalm dg vajkgeham djlástahm j imlakamr m iae dg qug km laslm ej hjetaeðg j sg dgsmrrjkkg dgetrj dg kjs rghaetjs dg mkogrnug j hmlpmlgetj.

Hjehjrdmehams0


=29

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Mrtìhukjs =. Dg km Ijrlm dg Gstmdj y Njoagrej, 4. Dgk dgrghbj m km vadm, 9. Dg km hmkadmd dg vadm, >. Dgk dgrghbj m ue mloagetg smkudmokg, 4>. Dg kms nmrmetìms dg anumkdmd, 42. Dg km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dgk bjlorg y dg km lu`gr, 74. Dg km prjtghhaøe dgk eaýj(m), 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham, 99. Dg km prjtghhaøe y msastgeham, 91. Dgk sastglm emhajemk dg smkud, =6=. Dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =6?. Dg kjs dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =69. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemraj(m) y glpkgmdj(m) pðokahj(m) y ??9. Dgk g`grhahaj dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj. Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj(m). Kgy 967/=117, Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukj 8. Dgk aetgrás supgrajr.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Ge km prjpugstm jranaemk dgk 8 dg lmrzj dg ?6=7 dg km Hjlasaøe dg @ustaham, Trmom`j y Vrgvasaøe Xjhamk, dghìm0 ‛Ge satumhajegs dg glgrngeham emhajemk y hmtístrjigs km Xghrgtmrìm dg Glgrngeham Emhajemk aehjrpjrmrí gstíedmrgs dg náegrj y dgrghbjs bulmejs tgedagetgs m km mpkahmhaøe dg pjkìtahms dg ngstaøe dg ragsnjs pmrm gvatmr vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs ge dastaetjs gshgemrajs0 aeuedmhajegs, dgsmstrgs mloagetmkgs, sgquìms, gth.“


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Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg0 Jo`gtavj 8. Lgtm 8.23 Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtms 7.=, 7.?, 7.7 y 7.93 Jo`gtavj 9. Lgtm 9.?3 Jo`gtavj =6. Lgtm =6.8. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj0 Lgtm prajratmram M. Dgsmiìjs =, ? y 83 Lgtm prajratmram O. Dgsmiìjs >, 2, 1, =?, =4, =7 y =93 Lgtm prajratmram H. Dgsmiìj ?43 Lgtm prajratmram D. Dgsmiìjs 82, 81, 46, 4=, 48 y 493 Lgtm prajratmram G. Dgsmiìjs 76 y 783 Lgtm prajratmram N. Dgsmiìjs 2= y 2?3 Lgtm prajratmram B. Dgsmiìjs 2> y 22.

Mrtìhukj ?6¶. Xghrgtmrìm dg km Yavagedm y Bíoatmt1?. Km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Yavagedm y Bíoatmt

dgogrí hjesadgrmr m km lu`gr mightmdm m km prgsgetg Kgy, hje geijqug prajratmraj pmrm gk mhhgsj m

1?

Gk ejlorg jiahamk dg gstm Xghrgtmrìm dg Gstmdj gs ‛Xghrgtmrìm Emhajemk dg km Yavagedm y Bíoatmt (XGEMYATMT)“.

=2>

vavagedms sjhamkgs y prjnrmlms bmoatmhajemkgs, rghjejhagedj kms harhuestmehams y gk hjetgxtj dg dgsprjtghhaøe y dg vukegrmoakadmd ge gk qug sg gehugetrme. Tmokm ?> - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?6 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj ?=¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Xghrgtmram Emhajemk dg km Yavagedm y gk Bíoatmt. Km Xghrgtmrìm Emhajemk dg km Yavagedm y Bíoatmt hjesadgrmrí m km lu`gr `gim dg bjnmr mightmdm m km prgsgetg Kgy y ge hulpkalagetj hje kjs rgquasatjs dg km Aestatuhaøe imhakatmdjrm, hje prajradmd pmrm gk mhhgsj m prjnrmlms bmoatmhajemkgs, rghjejhagedj kms harhuestmehams y gk hjetgxtj dg dgsprjtghhaøe y vukegrmoakadmd ge qug sg gehugetrme.

Hjehjrdmehams0


Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Mrtìhukjs =. Dg km Ijrlm dg Gstmdj y Njoagrej, 4. Dgk dgrghbj m km vadm, 9. Dg km hmkadmd dg vadm, >. Dgk dgrghbj m ue mloagetg smkudmokg, 4>. Dg kms nmrmetìms dg anumkdmd, 42. Dg km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dgk bjlorg y dg km lu`gr, 74. Dg km prjtghhaøe dgk eaýj(m), 7>. Dg km tgrhgrm gdmd, 71. Dgk oage dg imlakam, 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham, 99. Dg km prjtghhaøe y msastgeham, 91. Dgk sastglm emhajemk dg smkud, =66. Dg km vavagedm, =6=. Dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =6?. Dg kjs dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs dg kjs iuehajemrajs(ms) y dg kjs glpkgmdjs(ms) pðokahjs(ms), =69. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemraj(m) y glpkgmdj(m) pðokahj(m) y ??9. Dgk g`grhahaj dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj. Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj(m). Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Mrtìhukj ==. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukjs 8. Dgk praehapaj dgk aetgrás supgrajr, 4. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd suosadamram y 8>. Dgk sastglm dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk.

Hjlgetmrajs0


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Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg0 Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtm 7.h3 Jo`gtavj 9. Lgtm 9.?3 Jo`gtavj =6. Lgtm =6.8. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj0 Lgtm prajratmram M. Dgsmiìjs =, ? y 8.

=22

Mrtìhukj ?=¶. Xghrgtmrìm Emhajemk dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham. Km Xghrgtmrìm Emhajemk dg km

Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham gs rgspjesmokg dg0 m) Gkmojrmr prjtjhjkjs dg mtgehaøe pmrm kms eaýms/js y mdjkgshgetgs qug vavge ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham. o) Gkmojrmr prjtjhjkjs dg mtgehaøe m eaýms y mdjkgshgetgs qug buoagsge suiradj humkquagr tapj dg vajkgeham, ge gspghamk vajkgeham sgxumk, ge hjeùetj hje gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr y gk laeastgraj dg Xmkud Vðokahm y Oagegstmr Xjhamk. h) Hjmdyuvmr ge km hmpmhatmhaøe dgk pgrsjemk dg kjs sgrvahajs dg mtgehaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham, km dgtghhaøe dg vajkgeham y kms darghtrahgs pmrm su mtgehaøe. d) Aeijrlmr m kms mutjradmdgs hjlpgtgetgs sjorg gk hjejhalagetj dg bghbjs dg vajkgeham sjorg eaýms/js y mdjkgshgetgs dg mhugrdj hje kms kgygs rgspghtavms. Tmokm ?2 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?= dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj ??¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Xae ljdaiahmhajegs

Hjehjrdmehams0


Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk0 Mrtìhukjs0 4. Dgk dgrghbj m km vadm, 7. Dg km prjtghhaøe dg km tjrturm y jtrjs dgkatjs, 9. Dg km hmkadmd dg vadm, >. Dgk dgrghbj m ue lgdajmloagetg smkudmokg, 1. Dg km kaogrtmd y km sgnuradmd dg kms pgrsjems, =6. Dg km prjshraphaøe dg km gshkmvatud dg jtrms sgrvadulorgs, =?. Dg km dgtgehaøe y gk mrrgstj, =7. Dg km prjbaoahaøe dg bmhgr ùstaham pjr lmej prjpam, =9. Dg km dgigesm ge ùahaj, =>. Dg kjs dgrghbjs prjhgsmkgs, =2. Dg kms rgstrahhajegs dg km dghkmrmhaøe, ?4. Dg km kaogrtmd rgkanajsm g adgjkønahm, ?9. Dg km kaogrtmd dg gxprgsaøe y dg prgesm, ?>. Dgk glpkgj dg kjs lgdajs lmsavjs dg hjlueahmhaøe sjhamk, ?2. Dgk dgrghbj m aeijrlmrsg, 86. Dg kms sgýmkgs dg hjlueahmhaøe gkghtrjlmneátahm, 88. Dgk dgrghbj m km aetaladmd, 84. Dgk dgrghbj m km aevajkmoakadmd dg kjs rghaetjs pravmdjs, 81. Dgk dgrghbj m km aedgleazmhaøe ùstm y mdghumdm, 46. Dgk dgrghbj m pgtahajemr m kms mutjradmdgs, 49. Dg km anumkdmd dg kms pgrsjems, 4>. Dg kms nmrmetìms dg anumkdmd, 42. Dg km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dgk bjlorg y dg km lu`gr, 41. Dg km prjtghhaøe dg km imlakam, 76. Dgk dgrghbj m hjestatuar imlakam, 78. Dg kjs ba`js, 74. Dg km prjtghhaøe mk eaýj, 77. Dg km lmtgreadmd y km pmtgreadmd, 79. Dg km ùvgetud, 72. Dg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems gxhgphajemkgs, 71. Dgk oage dg imlakam, 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham, 9=. Dg km pkmeaiahmhaøe imlakamr y dg km smkud lmtgrej aeimetak, 98. Dg km adgetadmd áteahm, 97. Dgk dgrghbj m km pmrtahapmhaøe, 99. Dg km gduhmhaøe y km msastgeham, 92. Dgk dgrghbj m km smkud, 91. Dgk sastglm dg smkud, >6. Dgk ránalge dg oagegstmr sjhamk, >8. =21

Dgk dgrghbj m km gduhmhaøe y dg sus iaegs, >4. Dgk dgrghbj m mprgedgr y dg km kaogrtmd dg gesgýmr, >7. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd gduhmtavm, >9. Dg kms jokanmhajegs dgk Gstmdj, >>. Dg km gesgýmezm ge km kgenum lmtgrem, 22. Dg km ej dashralaemhaøe, 21. Dgk trmom`j dg kms lu`grgs, 1=. Dg kms `jremdms dg trmom`j y dgshmesj, 17. Dg km sgnuradmd sjhamk, =66. Dg km vavagedm, =?>. Dgk hulpkalagetj dg km kgy, =?2. Dg km pralmhìm dgk aetgrás ngegrmk y dgk dgogr dg hjkmojrmr, =8=. Dg kms nmrmetìms, Tìtukj AAA - Hmpìtukj AAA. Dg km Iuehaøe @urasdahhajemk (Mrtìhukjs =>7-=22), =69. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemraj(m) y glpkgmdj(m) pðokahj(m) y ??9. Dgk g`grhahaj dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj. Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs0 =, ?, 8, 7, 9, >, 2, =6, ==, =?, =8, =4, =7 y =9. Kgy =/=121. Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Mrtìhukj =1. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj. Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs =6 y =?. Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Mrtìhukjs0 ? y ?4. Kgy ?84/=118. Hjevgeaj =91 dg km JAT ‛sjorg pugokjs aedìngems y traomkgs ge pmìsgs aedgpgedagetgs, mdjptmdj durmetg km >9ª. Hjeigrgeham aetgremhajemk dgk trmom`j, hgkgormdm ge Naegorm gk > dg ùeaj dg =121“ Kgy 967/=117. Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs0 ?, 8, 4, 7, 9, >, 2 y 1. Kgy =64>/=11>. Vrjtjhjkj Mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs0 =7 y =9. Kgy =966/?666. Hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Kgy =1?7/?66?. Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd. Kgy ?819/?664. Vrjtjhjkj pmrm Vrgvgear, _gpralar y Xmehajemr km Trmtm dg Vgrsjems, gspghamklgetg ge Lu`grgs y Eaýjs. Kgy 8746/?662. Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd y gk prjtjhjkj imhuktmtavj dg km hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd. Kgy 4?17/?6==. ]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm. Kgy 4>22/?6=?. Aetgnrmk hjetrm km trmtm dg pgrsjems.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Ge gk lmrhj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs y jtrjs lghmeasljs dgk sastglm aetgremhajemk dg prjtghhaøe, hjaehadg hje0 •

Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. =16

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Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj. Gstrmtgnam dg Mhhaøe ?.6 pmrm km Xmkud dg kms Lu`grgs, kjs(ms) eaýjs(ms) y mdjkgshgetgs. Mngedm dg Mhhaøe dg Mddas Mogom. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg0 Jo`gtavj 8. Lgtms 8.=, 8.?, 8.> y 8.23 Jo`gtavj 4. Lgtms 4.=, 4.7 y 4.>3 Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtms 7.=, 7.?, 7.8, 7.4, 7.7, 7.9, 7.m, 7.o y 7.h3 Jo`gtavj 9. Lgtm 9.?3 Jo`gtavj 2. Lgtm 2.>3 Jo`gtavj =6. Lgtms =6.?, =6.8 y =6.43 Jo`gtavj =9. Lgtms =9.=, =9.?, =9.8, =9.>, =9.1, =9.=6, =9.m y =9.o. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj0 Lgtm prajratmram M. Dgsmiìjs =, ? y 83 Lgtm prajratmram O. Dgsmiìjs >, 2, 1, ==, =?, =8, =4, =7 y =93 Lgtm prajratmram D. Dgsmiìjs 84, 87, 89, 8>, 82, 81, 46, 4=, 48, 44, 47 y 493 Lgtm prajratmram G. Dgsmiìjs 76, 78, 79, 7>, 72 y 713 Lgtm prajratmram I. Dgsmiìj 923 Lgtm prajratmram N. Dgsmiìjs >9, >>, >1, 2= y 2?3 Lgtm prajratmram B. Dgsmiìjs 2> y 223 Lgtm prajratmram A. Dgsmiìjs 1?, 18, 14, 17, 1> y 12. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg =119. Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Tgrhgr aeijrlg sjorg km satumhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge Vmrmnumy dg ?66=. Aeijrlg dg sgnualagetj dg rghjlgedmhajegs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg ?66=. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?668. Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Qmcyg Mxm Ys. Vmrmnumy. Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dgk => dg ùeaj dg ?667. Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Xmwbjymlmxm Ys. Vmrmnumy. Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dgk ?1 dg lmrzj dg ?669. Hjlatá dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Ríljc Císgc Ys. Vmrmnumy. Ijedj, _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dgk ?4 dg mnjstj dg ?6=6. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg gk dgrghbj m km gduhmhaøe. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá pmrm km gkalaemhaøe _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Hjlatá hjetrm km Tjrturm. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kjs pugokjs aedìngems. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=7. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=9.

Mrtìhukj ??¶. Laeastgraj dg Xmkud Vðokahm y Oagegstmr Xjhamk. Gk Laeastgraj dg Xmkud Vðokahm y

Oagegstmr Xjhamk dgogrí0 =1=

m) Dasgýmr y mpkahmr prjtjhjkjs gspghìiahjs dg dgtghhaøe prghjz y mtgehaøe m kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham, ge tjdms sus gspghamkadmdgs. o) Jrnmeazmr gightavmlgetg km mpkahmhaøe dg ue _gnastrj dg kms pgrsjems msastadms pjr satumhajegs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, pmrm kjs rgpjrtgs mk Xastglm Ðeahj y Gstmedmrazmdj dg _gnastrj. h) Djtmr dg prgsupugstj suiahagetg mk Vrjnrmlm Emhajemk dg Vrgvgehaøe y Mtgehaøe m km Yajkgeham, dgpgedagetg dg km Darghhaøe dg Náegrj dg km Darghhaøe Ngegrmk dg Vrjnrmlms dg Xmkud u jtrms aeahamtavms. d) Hrgmr prjnrmlms pmrm km mtgehaøe aetgnrmk m lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham hjlj dg sus ba`ms g ba`js. g) Gstmokghgr ue sastglm dg sgrvahaj dg smkud aetgnrmk ge kms Hmsm dg Mhjnadm dgpgedagetg dg kms Njogremhajegs, kms qug dgogríe alpkglgetmr kjs kaegmlagetjs dgk prjnrmlm emhajemk pmrm km prgvgehaøe y mtgehaøe aetgnrmk dg km vajkgeham. i) Hrgmr prjnrmlms pmrm km mtgehaøe psahjkønahm dg km pgrsjem mnrgsjrm, m iae dg gvatmr km rgaehadgeham. n) Jtjrnmr, ge ijrlm aelgdamtm, km hjestmeham ládahm y damneøstahj ládahj y/j psahjkønahj m kms vìhtalms dg vajkgeham qug mhudme mk sgrvahaj dg smkud. b) Xgesaoakazmr y hmpmhatmr mk pgrsjemk dg smkud y ljeatjrgmr km iuehaøe dgsglpgýmdm pjr kjs lasljs ge tjrej m kjs tglms dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. Tmokm ?1 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?? dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj ?8¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Xae ljdaiahmhajegs

Hjehjrdmehams0


Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk0 Mrtìhukjs0 4. Dgk dgrghbj m km vadm, 7. Dg km prjtghhaøe dg km tjrturm y jtrjs dgkatjs, 9. Dg km hmkadmd dg vadm, >. Dgk dgrghbj m ue mloagetg smkudmokg, 88. Dgk dgrghbj m km aetaladmd, 49. Dg km anumkdmd dg kms pgrsjems, 4>. Dg =1?

kms nmrmetìms dg anumkdmd, 42. Dg km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dgk bjlorg y dg km lu`gr, 41. Dg km prjtghhaøe dg km imlakam, 77. Dg km lmtgreadmd y km pmtgreadmd, 79. Dg km ùvgetud, 7>. Dg km tgrhgrm gdmd, 72. Dg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems gxhgphajemkgs, 71. Dgk oage dg imlakam, 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham, 9=. Dg km pkmeaiahmhaøe imlakamr y dg km smkud lmtgrej aeimetak, 92. Dgk dgrghbj m km smkud, 91. Dgk sastglm dg smkud, >6. Dgk ránalge dg oagegstmr sjhamk, >=. Dgk emrhjtríiahj, dg km drjnmdahhaøe y dg km rgbmoakatmhaøe, ==7. Dg kms omsgs dg km rgijrlm mnrmram y dgk dgsmrrjkkj rurmk, =?>. Dgk hulpkalagetj dg km kgy, =?2. Dg km pralmhìm dgk aetgrás ngegrmk y dgk pðokahj(m) dgogr dg hjkmojrmr, Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemraj(m) y glpkgmdj(m) y ??9. Dgk=69. g`grhahaj dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj. Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs0 =, 7, =6, ==, =?, =4, =7 y =9. Kgy =/=121. Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Mrtìhukjs =? y =8. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj. Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs =6 y =?. Kgy ?84/=118. Hjevgeaj =91 dg km JAT ‛sjorg pugokjs aedìngems y traomkgs ge pmìsgs aedgpgedagetgs, mdjptmdj durmetg km >9ª. Hjeigrgeham aetgremhajemk dgk trmom`j, hgkgormdm ge Naegorm gk > dg ùeaj dg =121“ Kgy 967/=117. Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs0 =, ?, 8, 4, 7, 9, >, 2 y 1. Kgy =64>/=11>. Vrjtjhjkj Mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs0 =6, ===9, => y =2. Kgy =966/?666. Hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukjs 8. Dgk praehapaj dgk aetgrás supgrajr, 4. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd suosadamram, 7. Dg km jokanmhaøe dg dgeuehamr, 9. Dg km prjljhaøe y daiusaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs dgk eaýj(m) y mdjkgshgetg, 1. Dg km prjtghhaøe dg kms pgrsjems pjr emhgr, =6. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dg Gstmdj (irgetg m lu`grgs glomrmzmdms y kmhtmeham lmtgrem), ==. Dg km jokanmhaøe dg km mtgehaøe ládahm, =?. Dg km prjbaoahaøe dg rgtgegr mk(m) rghaáe emhadj(m), =8. Dgk dgrghbj m kmdgsmkud, Dgk dgrghbj km smkud msgxumk y rgprjduhtavm, =7. Dg kjs prjnrmlms smkud=4. pðokahm, =9. Dgkmdgrghbj km prjtghhaøe hjetrm sustmehams dmýaems, tmomhj y ogoadms mkhjbøkahms, =>. Dg km aetgrvgehaøe quarðrnahm metg gk pgkanrj dg lugrtg, =1. Dg km jokanmtjragdmd dgk rgnastrj dg emhalagetj, ?8. Dg km mtgehaøe y rgbmoakatmhaøe jokanmtjram y 8>. Dgk sastglm dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk. Kgy =1?7/?66?. Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd. Kgy ?819/?664. Vrjtjhjkj pmrm Vrgvgear, _gpralar y Xmehajemr km Trmtm dg Vgrsjems, gspghamklgetg ge Lu`grgs y Eaýjs. Kgy 8746/?662. Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd y gk prjtjhjkj imhuktmtavj dg km hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd. =18

Kgy 4?17/?6==. ]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm. Kgy 4>22/?6=?. Aetgnrmk hjetrm km trmtm dg pgrsjems. _gsjkuhaøe dgk Laeastgraj dg Xmkud Vðokahm y Oagegstmr Xjhamk ?9?/?6== Vjr km qug sg daspjeg qug kjs msgsjrgs ùrìdahjs dg hmdm sgrvahaj dg smkud prgstge msgsjrìm y msastgeham ùrìdahm m kjs prjigsajemkgs ládahjs ge km mtgehaøe dg hmsjs dg vajkgeham djlástahm, lmktrmtj y mousj sgxumk. Harhukmr dgk Laeastgraj dg Xmkud Vðokahm y Oagegstmr Xjhamk >/?6== Kms vìhtalms dg vajkgeham djlástahm tageg dgrghbj m uem mtgehaøe urngetg y pgrsjemkazmdm pjr pmrtg dg kms aestatuhajegs pðokahms dg smkud.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Ge km prjpugstm jranaemk dg ?6=7 aehkuìm ‛Gstmokghgr mhugrdjs hje km Xupgraetgedgeham dg Xgrvahajs dg Xmkud, m iae dg aehkuar prjnrmlms dg prgvgehaøe y msastgeham dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs ge kjs gstmokghalagetjs ládahjmsastgehamkgs, dg sgnuradmd sjhamk y kms getadmdgs dg lgdahaem prgpmnm.“ Gk sgetadj dg gstg lmedmtj, gstí hgetrmdj ge gk hulpkalagetj dg ejrlms aetgremhajemkgs qug gstmokghg km hjrrgspjesmoakadmd dg tjdm km sjhagdmd ge su hjeùetj ge hjetmr hje prjnrmlms gspghamkazmdjs dg prgvgehaøe y msastgeham tmloaáe ge gstmokghalagetjs pravmdjs dg lmegrm dg pjdgr gstmokghgr uem rgd dg prjtghhaøe ge íloatj dg smkud.


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Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj. Gstrmtgnam ?.6 pmrm km smkud dg kms lu`grgs, km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj 8. Lgtms 8.=, 8.?, 8.8, 8.> y 8.23 Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtms 7.?, 7.8 y 7.9. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj. Lgtm Vrajratmram O. Dgsmiìjs >, =? y =>3 Lgtm Vrajratmram H. Dgsmiìj 863 Lgtm Vrajratmram D. Dgsmiìjs 88, 84, 87, 89, 8>, 82, 81, 46, 4=, 4?, 48, 44, 47 y 493 Lgtm prajratmram G. Dgsmiìjs 76, 71 y 973 Lgtm Vrajratmram N. Dgsmiìjs >2 y >13 Lgtm Vrajratmram B. Dgsmiìj 2>3 Lgtm Vrajratmram A. Dgsmiìj 17. Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?66=. Aeijrlg dg sgnualagetj dg rghjlgedmhajegs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg ?66=. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?668. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?667. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Qmcyg Mxm vs. Vmrmnumy. Ijedj _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dgk => dg ùeaj dg ?667. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Ríljc Císgc vs. Vmrmnumy. Ijedj _gpmrmhajegs y Hjstms. Xgetgeham dgk ?4 dg mnjstj dg ?6=6. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. =14

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Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá hjetrm km tjrturm. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kjs pugokjs aedìngems. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=7. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=9.

Mrtìhukj ?8¶. Laeastgraj dg @ustaham. Gk Laeastgraj dg @ustaham gs rgspjesmokg dg alpkglgetmr kms

sanuagetgs lgdadms0 m) Alpkglgetmr pjkìtahms emhajemkgs dg dgrghbjs bulmejs hjetgeadms ge pkmegs qug numrdge rgkmhaøe hje km prgvgehaøe, prjtghhaøe y gkalaemhaøe dg km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs. o) Gkmojrmr y mpkahmr lgdadms dg mhhaøe pmrm km prgvgehaøe y prjtghhaøe dg km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs. h) Alpkglgetmr lgdadms y mhhajegs qug imhakatge gk mhhgsj m km ùstaham y m km aeijrlmhaøe dg kms lu`grgs. d) Vjtgehamr kms mhhajegs y lgdadms g`ghutmdms pmrm nmrmetazmr km hmkadmd dg vadm dg kms lu`grgs pravmdms dg kaogrtmd. g) Dgsmrrjkkmr y prjljhajemr prjnrmlms dg rgaesgrhaøe sjhamk dgstaemdjs m lu`grgs pravmdms dg kaogrtmd. i) Hmpmhatmr y glpjdgrmr m kms lu`grgs pravmdms dg kaogrtmd sjorg sus dgrghbjs y kjs lghmeasljs hje qug sg hugetm pmrm bmhgr irgetg m mhtjs dg vajkgeham pgrpgtrmdjs hjetrm kms laslms ge gk sastglm pgeatgehamraj. n) Gstmokghgr prjtjhjkjs dg trmtmlagetj gspghamkazmdj pmrm lu`grgs pgrtgeghagetgs m nrupjs ge hjedahaøe dg vukegrmoakadmd ge km qug sg gehugetrme pravmdms dg kaogrtmd. b) Nmrmetazmr gk mhhgsj m kjs sgrvahajs dg mtgehaøe gspghìiahm pmrm lu`grgs pravmdms dg kaogrtmd y sus ba`js g ba`ms.

=17

a) Ijrtmkghgr kms dgpgedgehams aestatuhajemkgs qug aetgrvagege ge km g`ghuhaøe dg mhhajegs m imvjr dg kms lu`grgs. Tmokm 86 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?8 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9



Hjehjrdmehams0


Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk0 Mrtìhukjs0 4. Dgk dgrghbj m km vadm, 7. Dg km prjtghhaøe dg km tjrturm y jtrjs dgkatjs, 9. Dg km hmkadmd dg vadm, >. Dgk dgrghbj m ue mloagetg smkudmokg, 1. Dg km kaogrtmd y km sgnuradmd dg kms pgrsjems, =6. Dg km prjshraphaøe dg km gshkmvatud y jtrms sgrvadulorgs, ==. Dg km pravmhaøe dg km kaogrtmd, =?.Dg km dgtgehaøe y mrrgstj, =>. Dg kjs dgrghbjs prjhgsmkgs, =1. Dg km prasaøe prgvgetavm, ?6.Dgk jo`gtj dg kms pgems, ?=. Dg km rghkusaøe dg kms pgrsjems, ?4. Dg km kaogrtmd rgkanajsm g adgjkønahm, ?7. Dg km gxprgsaøe dg km pgrsjemkadmd, 88. Dgk dgrghbj m km aetaladmd, 89. Dgk dgrghbj m km aevajkmoakadmd dgk pmtraljeaj djhulgetmk y dg km hjlueahmhaøe pravmdm, 8>. Dgk dgrghbj m km jo`ghaøe dg hjehageham, 81. Dgk dgrghbj m uem aedgleazmhaøe ùstm y mdghumdm, 46. Dgk dgrghbj m pgtahajemr m kms mutjradmdgs, 49. Dg km anumkdmd dg kms pgrsjems, 4>. Dg kms nmrmetìms dg anumkdmd, 42. Dg km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dgk bjlorg y dg km lu`gr, 41. Dg km prjtghhaøe dg km imlakam, 76. Dgk dgrghbj m hjestatuar imlakam, 74. Dg km prjtghhaøe dgk eaýj(m), 77. Dg km lmtgreadmd y km pmtgreadmd, 79. Dg km ùvgetud, 7>. Dg km tgrhgrm gdmd, 72. Dg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems gxhgphajemkgs, 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham, 9=. Dg km pkmeaiahmhaøe imlakamr y dg km smkud lmtgrej aeimetak, 98. Dg km adgetadmd áteahm, 92. Dgk dgrghbj m km smkud, 91. Dgk sastglm dg smkud, >6. Dgk ránalge dg oagegstmr sjhamk, >=. Dgk emrhjtríiahj, dg km drjnmdahhaøe y dg km rgbmoakatmhaøe, >?. Dgk hjetrjk dg hmkadmd, >8. Dgk dgrghbj m km gduhmhaøe y dg sus iaegs, >4. Dgk dgrghbj m mprgedgr y km kaogrtmd dg gesgýmr, >7. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd gduhmtavm, >9. Dg kms jokanmhajegs dgk Gstmdj, >>. Dg km gesgýmezm ge kgenum lmtgrem, >2. Dg km gduhmhaøe táheahm, 29. Dgk dgrghbj mk trmom`j, 1=. Dg kms `jremdms dg trmom`j y dgshmesj, 1?. Dg km rgtraouhaøe dgk trmom`j, =69. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemraj(m) y glpkgmdj(m) pðokahj(m), ==7. Dg kms omsgs dg km rgijrlm mnrmram y gk dgsmrrjkkj rurmk, =?>. Dgk hulpkalagetj dg km kgy, =?2. Dg km pralmhìm dgk aetgrás ngegrmk y dgk dgogr dg hjkmojrmr, =8=. Dg kms nmrmetìms y ??9. Dgk g`grhahaj dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj. Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs0 =, 7, =6, ==, =?, =4, =7 y =9. Kgy =/=121. Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Mrtìhukjs =? y =8. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj. Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs 8, 4, 9, ==, =? y =8. Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Mrtìhukjs >, 2, 1, =6, ?9 y ?>. =19

Kgy ?84/=118. Hjevgeaj =91 dg km JAT ‛sjorg pugokjs aedìngems y traomkgs ge pmìsgs aedgpgedagetgs, mdjptmdj durmetg km >9ª. Hjeigrgeham aetgremhajemk dgk trmom`j, hgkgormdm ge Naegorm gk > dg ùeaj dg =121“ Kgy 967/=117. Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs0 =, ?, 8, 4, 7, 9, >, 2 y 1. Kgy =64>/=11>. Vrjtjhjkj Mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs0 =6, ===9, => y =2. Kgy =966/?666. Hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukjs 8. Dgk praehapaj dgk aetgrás supgrajr, 4. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd suosadamram, >. Dgk g`grhahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs, 2. Dgk dgrghbj m km imlakam, =2. Dgk Dgrghbj m km adgetadmd, =1. Dg km jokanmtjragdmd dgk rgnastrj dg emhalagetj, Mrtìhukj 8>. Dgk sastglm dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk y Kaorj Y0 Dg kms aeirmhhajegs m km Kgy Vgemk. Kgy =1?7/?66?. Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd. Kgy ?819/?664. Vrjtjhjkj pmrm Vrgvgear, _gpralar y Xmehajemr km Trmtm dg Vgrsjems, gspghamklgetg ge Lu`grgs y Eaýjs. Kgy 8746/?662. Hjevgehaøe kjs dgrghbjs dg dgrghbjs kms pgrsjems hjepgrsjems dashmpmhadmd gk prjtjhjkj imhuktmtavj dg km sjorg hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs dg kms hje y dashmpmhadmd. Kgy 4?17/?6==. ]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm. Kgy 4>22/?6=?. Aetgnrmk hjetrm km trmtm dg pgrsjems.

Mrtìhukj ?4¶. Hjesg`grìms Lueahapmkgs pjr kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj, Eaým y gk Mdjkgshgetg . Kms Hjesg`grìms

Lueahapmkgs pjr kjs Dgrghbjs dgk eaýj, Eaým y gk Mdjkgshgetg sje rgspjesmokgs dg0 m) Hjetmr hje lghmeasljs dg aeijrlmhaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs y kjs rghursjs daspjeaokgs irgetg m kjs mhtjs dg vajkgeham dgshraptjs ge km prgsgetg Kgy. o) Aeijrlmr m km mutjradmd ùdahamk j mk @uznmdj dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham, km Dgigesjrìm dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham, y Iashmkìm, sjorg bghbjs dg vajkgeham bmham eaýms y mdjkgshgetgs lu`grgs dg kjs humkgs tgenm hjejhalagetj dg mhugrdj m kms Kgygs vangetgs. Ge eaenðe hmsj, kms Hjesg`grìms pjdríe lgdamr j hjehakamr kjs bghbjs dg vajkgeham qug kkgnuge m su hjejhalagetj, dgoagedj rglatar kms mhtumhajegs m kjs ørnmejs pgrtaegetgs vgkmedj ge tjdj ljlgetj pjr km aetgnradmd iìsahm dg km lu`gr y sus dgpgedagetgs. =1>

Tmokm 8= - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?4 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj ?7¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Hjesg`grìms Lueahapmkgs pjr kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj, km Eaým y gk Mdjkgshgetg (HJDGEA). Kms Hjesg`grìms Lueahapmkgs pjr kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj, km Eaým y gk Mdjkgshgetg sje rgspjesmokgs dg0 m) Hjetmr hje lghmeasljs dg aeijrlmhaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs y kjs rghursjs daspjeaokgs irgetg m kjs mhtjs dg vajkgeham dgshraptjs ge km prgsgetg Kgy. o) Aeijrlmr m km mutjradmd ùdahamk j mk @uznmdj dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham, km Dgigesjrìm dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham, y Iashmkìm, sjorg bghbjs dg vajkgeham bmham eaýms y mdjkgshgetgs lu`grgs dg kjs humkgs tgenm hjejhalagetj dg mhugrdj m kms Kgygs vangetgs. Kms Hjesg`grìms pjdríe lgdamr j hjehakamr kjs bghbjs dg vajkgeham qug kkgnuge m su hjejhalagetj, dgoagedj rglatar mdglís kms mhtumhajegs m kjs ørnmejs pgrtaegetgs vgkmedj ge tjdj ljlgetj pjr km aetgnradmd iìsahm dg km lu`gr y sus dgpgedagetgs.

Hjehjrdmehams0


Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk0 Mrtìhukjs0 4. Dgk dgrghbj m km vadm, 7. Dg km prjtghhaøe dg km tjrturm y jtrjs dgkatjs, 9. Dg km hmkadmd dg vadm, >. Dgk dgrghbj m ue lgdajmloagetg smkudmokg, 1. Dg km kaogrtmd y km sgnuradmd dg kms pgrsjems, =6. Dg km prjshraphaøe dg km gshkmvatud dg jtrms sgrvadulorgs, =?. Dg km dgtgehaøe y gk mrrgstj, =7. Dg km prjbaoahaøe dg bmhgr ùstaham pjrrgstrahhajegs lmej prjpam,dg=9. Dg km dgigesm?4. geDg ùahaj, =>. Dg kjs dgrghbjs prjhgsmkgs, =2. Dg kms km dghkmrmhaøe, km kaogrtmd rgkanajsm g adgjkønahm, ?9. Dg km kaogrtmd dg gxprgsaøe y dg prgesm, ?>. Dgk glpkgj dg kjs lgdajs lmsavjs dg hjlueahmhaøe sjhamk, ?2. Dgk dgrghbj m aeijrlmrsg, 86. Dg kms sgýmkgs dg hjlueahmhaøe gkghtrjlmneátahm, 88. Dgk dgrghbj m km aetaladmd, 84. Dgk dgrghbj m km aevajkmoakadmd dg kjs rghaetjs pravmdjs, 46. Dgk dgrghbj m pgtahajemr m kms mutjradmdgs, 49. Dg km anumkdmd dg kms pgrsjems, 4>. Dg kms nmrmetìms dg anumkdmd, 42. Dg km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dgk bjlorg y dg km lu`gr, 41. Dg km prjtghhaøe dg km imlakam, 76. Dgk dgrghbj m hjestatuar imlakam, 78. Dg kjs ba`js, 74. Dg km prjtghhaøe mk eaýj, 77. Dg km lmtgreadmd y km pmtgreadmd, 79. Dg km ùvgetud, 72. Dg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems gxhgphajemkgs, 71. Dgk oage dg imlakam, 96. Dg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham, 9=. Dg km pkmeaiahmhaøe imlakamr y dg km smkud lmtgrej aeimetak, 98. Dg km adgetadmd áteahm, 97. Dgk dgrghbj m km pmrtahapmhaøe, 99. Dg km gduhmhaøe y km msastgeham, 92. Dgk dgrghbj m km smkud, 91. Dgk sastglm dg smkud, >8. Dgk dgrghbj m km gduhmhaøe y dg sus iaegs, >9. Dg kms jokanmhajegs dgk Gstmdj, >>. Dg km gesgýmezm ge km kgenum lmtgrem, 22. Dg km ej dashralaemhaøe, 21. Dgk trmom`j dg kms lu`grgs, 1=. Dg kms `jremdms dg trmom`j y dgshmesj, 17. Dg km sgnuradmd sjhamk, =66. Dg km vavagedm, =?>. Dgk hulpkalagetj dg km kgy, =?2. Dg km pralmhìm dgk aetgrás ngegrmk y dgk dgogr dg hjkmojrmr, =8=. Dg kms nmrmetìms, Tìtukj AAA - Hmpìtukj AAA. Dg km Iuehaøe @urasdahhajemk (Mrtìhukjs =>7-=22), =69. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemraj(m) y glpkgmdj(m) pðokahj(m) y ??9. Dgk g`grhahaj dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj. Kgy =?=7/=129. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs0 =, ?, 7, 9, =6, =?, =4 y =7. Kgy =/=121. Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Mrtìhukjs =, 8, 4, 7, 9, >, 2, 1, ==, =?, =8, =4, =>, =2, =1, ?6, ?=, ?4, ?7 y ?9. Kgy 7>/=116. Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj.

=12

Kgy 4/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs ==, =?, =8 y =4. Kgy 7/=11?. Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs. Mrtìhukjs0 ?, 1 y ?4. Kgy ?84/=118. Hjevgeaj =91 dg km JAT ‛sjorg pugokjs aedìngems y traomkgs ge pmìsgs aedgpgedagetgs, mdjptmdj durmetg km >9ª. Hjeigrgeham aetgremhajemk dgk trmom`j, hgkgormdm ge Naegorm gk > dg ùeaj dg =121“ Kgy 967/=117. Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr. Mrtìhukjs0 =, ?, 8, 4, 7, 9, >, 2 y 1. Kgy =64>/=11>. Vrjtjhjkj Mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. Mrtìhukjs0 8, =6, ==, =?, =8, =7, =9 y =2. Kgy =966/?666. Hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm. Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mrtìhukjs ?. Dg km prgsuehaøe dg km eaýgz, mdjkgshgeham y mduktgz, 8. Dgk praehapaj dgk aetgrás supgrajr, 4. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd suosadamram, 7. Dg km jokanmhaøe dg dgeuehamr, 9. Dg km prjljhaøe y daiusaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs dgk eaýj(m) j mdjkgshgetg, >. Dgk g`grhahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs, 2. Dgk dgrghbj m km imlakam, =6. Dg km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk Gstmdj, ==. Dg km jokanmhaøe dg km mtgehaøe ládahm, =?. Dg km prjbaoahaøe dg rgtgegr mk rghaáe emhadj, =8. Dgk dgrghbj m km smkud, =4. Dgk dgrghbj m km smkud sgxumk y rgprjduhtavm, =7. Dg kjs prjnrmlms dg smkud pðokahm, =9. Dgk dgrghbj m km prjtghhaøe hjetrm sustmehams dmýaems, tmomhj y ogoadms mkhjbøkahms, =>. Dg km aetgrvgehaøe quarðrnahm metg gk ragsnj dg lugrtg, =2. Dgk dgrghbj m km adgetadmd, =1. Dg km jokanmtjragdmd dgk rgnastrj dg emhalagetj, ?6. Dgk dgrghbj m km gduhmhaøe, ?8. Dg km mtgehaøe y rgbmoakatmhaøe jokanmtjram, ?7. Dgk dgrghbj dgk eaýj(m) y mdjkgshgetg m sgr prjtgnadjs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg gxpkjtmhaøe, ?9. Dgrghbj dg pgtahaøe, ?>. Dgk sghrgtj dg kms mhtumhajegs, ?2. Dg kms gxhgphajegs dgk sghrgtj, ?1. Dg km prjbaoahaøe dg km puokahmhaøe, 8?. Dg kjs mrtìhukjs dg vgetm prjbaoadjs, 88. Dg kms rgstrahhajegs pmrm kms hmsms dg ùgnj y kjhmkgs bmoakatmdjs pmrm eaýjs(ms) y mdjkgshgetgs, 84. Dg kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe y mpjyj, 87. Dgk moranj, 89. Dg kms aestatuhajegs dg prjtghhaøe y prjljhaøe, Hmpìtukj 7. Dg kms hjesg`grìms lueahapmkgs pjr kjs dgrghbjs dgk eaýj, km eaým y mdjkgshgetg, 7?. Dgk íloatj dg mpkahmhaøe (dgk trmom`j mdjkgshgetg), 79. Dg kjs dmtjs dgk rgnastrj (dg mdjkgshgetgs qug trmom`me), 7>. Dg km hjlueahmhaøe dgkdgtrmom`j mdjkgshgetg, 96. Dgkmdjkgshgetg, rgnastrj m hmrnj dgkkmglpkgmdjr(m), 9=. Dg km jokanmhaøe aeijrlmr sjorg gk trmom`j 99. Dg mutjrazmhaøe dg kjs pmdrgs pmrm gk trmom`j djlástahj y dgk trmskmdj, ?6?. Dg kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe y mpjyj (irgetg m aetgrvgehaøe tgrhamram dg pgrsjems mdjkgshgetgs ge hjeikahtj hje km Kgy Vgemk) y ?89. Dg km hjlprjomhaøe dg km gdmd (ge rgkmhaøe m hjjrdaemr km msastgeham dg ue/m eaýj/m qug trmesnrgdagrm uem ejrlm pgemk). Kgy =1?7/?66?. Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd. Kgy ?819/?664. Vrjtjhjkj pmrm Vrgvgear, _gpralar y Xmehajemr km Trmtm dg Vgrsjems, gspghamklgetg ge Lu`grgs y Eaýjs. Kgy 8746/?662. Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd y gk prjtjhjkj imhuktmtavj dg km hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems hje

=11

dashmpmhadmd. Kgy 4?17/?6==. ]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm. Kgy 4>22/?6=?. Aetgnrmk hjetrm km trmtm dg pgrsjems.

Hjlgetmrajs

Gk gspìratu dg km ejrlm qug hrgm kms HJDGEA rgspjedg m qug km hgrhmeìm hje km hjlueadmd aelgdamtm ge døedg rgsadg quage gs eaýj/m j mdjkgshgetg hjetraouym m uem lg`jr aetgrprgtmhaøe dgk getjrej Mrtìhukj 84. (Dg kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe y mpjyj) gstmokghagedj hkmrmlgetg km prjbaoahaøe dg tjdm ijrlm dg lgdamhaøe y hjehakamhaøe ge hmsjs dg vajkgeham qug mightg m lu`grgs, eaýjs y eaýms. Hjlj sg memkazmrí m prjiuedadmd lís mdgkmetg, m pgsmr dg qug pjr rgnkm ngegrmk km lgdamhaøe saglprg gstí prjbaoadm irgetg m ijrlms dg vajkgeham ge gk getjrej djlástahj g aetrmimlakamr hjlj sg sgýmkm ge gk Lmeumk dg Lgdamhaøe dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham18 (Humedj km hjetrjvgrsam aevjkuhrm ue dgkatj dg mhhaøe pðokahm j vajkgeham j lmkjs trmtjs m eaýjs j mdjkgshgetgs) y km kgnaskmhaøe vangetg.

Hjlj puetj egnmtavj, ej sg gstmokghg ue lìealj prgsupugstmraj ge gk pjrhgetm`g dg km rghmudmhaøe lueahapmk qug dgog sgr dgstaemdj mk iae dgshraptj.

Mrtìhukj ?7¶. Lueahapmkadmdgs. Kjs njoagrejs lueahapmkgs m trmvás dg km aetgedgeham y kms ùetms

lueahapmkgs y hje gk mpjyj táheahj dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr hrgmríe Xgrvahajs Aetgnrmkgs dg Vrgvgehaøe y Mtgehaøe m lu`grgs ge Xatumhaøe dg Yajkgeham, kms qug tgedríe pjr iuehajegs0 m) _gmkazmr hmlpmýms dg sgesaoakazmhaøe, daiusaøe y hmpmhatmhaøe jragetmdms m km hjlueadmd pmrm aeijrlmr, hjehagehamr y prgvgear km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs ge kjs íloatjs ge kjs qug sg dgsmrrjkkge sus rgkmhajegs aetgrpgrsjemkgs. o) Oraedmr msastgeham y jragetmhaøe psahjkønahm y ùrìdahm nrmtuatm, m kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham.

18

Vmrm mhhgdgr mk tgxtj hjlpkgtj dgk Lmeumk dg Lgdamhaøe dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham dg Vmrmnumy, vasatg

bttp0//www.p`.njv.py/gojjc/kaorjsZiakgs/LmeumkZdgZLgdamhajeZTjljA.pdi

?66

h) Bmoakatmr uem kìegm tgkgiøeahm dg aeijrlmhaøe y jragetmhaøe m lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham y hjjrdaemr hje km Vjkahìm Emhajemk mhhajegs ge kjs hmsjs qug rgquagrme muxakaj aelgdamtj. d) Kkgvmr ue rgnastrj dg hmsjs pmrm rgpjrtmr aeijrlmhaøe mk Xastglm Ðeahj y Gstmedmrazmdj dg _gnastrj y mdjptmr ue prjtjhjkj dg mtgehaøe. g) Alpuksmr pjkìtahms lueahapmkgs aetgnrmkgs dg prgvgehaøe dg km vajkgeham. Tmokm 8? - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?7 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9



Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs ?1, 86, 8= y 46 dg gstm Kgy.

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk0 Mrtìhukj Xghhaøe AAA. Dg kjs Lueahapajs.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Km ejvgdmd ge gstg Mrtìhukj gstí dmdm ge km dgshraphaøe dg tmrgms gspghìiahms qug sg mtraouyge m kjs lueahapajs mk rgspghtj dg hjkmojrmr hje gk Njoagrej Hgetrmk ge sgrvahajs qug dgoge sgr hrgmdjs m kjs gightjs dg hjkmojrmr hje km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk Gstmdj ge nmrmetazmr uem vadm sae vajkgeham pmrm kms lu`grgs.

Dg tjdms lmegrms, km musgeham dg ue lìealj prgsupugstmraj pmrm gk dgsmrrjkkj dg gstms mhhajegs ea uem dgshraphaøe lìealm mk rgspghtj dg sus hmrmhtgrìstahms, pjeg ge ragsnj su hmkadmd, prjhgdalagetjs y hjjrdaemhaøe m eavgk emhajemk.

Mrtìhukj ?9¶. Njogremhajegs. Kms Njogremhajegs sje rgspjesmokgs dg hrgmr Hmsms dg Mhjnadm

pmrm lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham ge sus rgspghtavjs dgpmrtmlgetjs, hjjrdaemedj hje geijqug aetgrdashapkaemraj, kjs sgrvahajs dg msastgeham ládahm, psahjkønahm, kgnmk, kmojrmk y sjhamk hje gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr, gk Laeastgraj dg Xmkud Vðokahm y Oagegstmr Xjhamk, gk laeastgraj dgk Trmom`j u jtrms dgpgedgehams, sgnðe hjrrgspjedm.

?6=

Tmokm 88 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?9 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj eugvj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukj ?2 dg gstm Kgy.

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk0 Mrtìhukj Xghhaøe AA. Dg kjs Dgpmrtmlgetjs.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Mk anumk qug sg sgýmkø ge gk hmsj dg kjs Lueahapajs, km musgeham dg dgtgrlaemhaøe dg lìealjs prgsupugstmrajs pjdrìm mtgetmr hje km giahmham y gightavadmd dgk sgrvahaj.

Hmpìtukj AAA0 Vjkìtahms gstmtmkgs pmrm km prgvgehaøe, mtgehaøe y prjtghhaøe pmrm kms lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham. Mrtìhukj ?>¶. Lgsm Aetgraestatuhajemk dg Vrgvgehaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr. Km

Lgsm Aetgraestatuhajemk dg Vrgvgehaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr gs hjjrdaemdm pjr gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr g aetgnrmdm pjr uem rgprgsgetmhaøe dg hmdm uem dg kms sanuagetgs aestatuhajegs0 m) Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr3 o) Laeastgraj dgk Aetgrajr3 h) Laeastgraj dg Bmhagedm3 d) Laeastgraj dg Xmkud Vðokahm y Oagegstmr Xjhamk3 g) Laeastgraj dg Gduhmhaøe y Hukturm (XAH)3 i) Laeastgraj dg @ustaham3 n) Laeastgraj dg Trmom`j, Glpkgj y Xgnuradmd Xjhamk3 b) Xghrgtmrìm Emhajemk dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham3

?6?

a) Darghhaøe Ngegrmk dg Gstmdìstahms, Gehugstms y Hgesjs, dgpgedagetg dg km Xghrgtmrìm Táheahm dg Vkmeaiahmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj Ghjeølahj y Xjhamk3 `) Xghrgtmrìm dg Mhhaøe Xjhamk3 c) Xghrgtmrìm dg Glgrngeham Emhajemk3 k) Xghrgtmrìm dg Aeijrlmhaøe y Hjlueahmhaøe dg km Vrgsadgeham dg km _gpðokahm3 l) Km Xghrgtmrìm Emhajemk dg Tghejkjnìm dg km Aeijrlmhaøe y Hjlueahmhaøe3 e) Laeastgraj Vðokahj3 ý) Laeastgraj dg km Dgigesm Vðokahm3 j) Xghrgtmrìm Emhajemk pjr kjs Dgrghbjs dg kms Vgrsjems hje Dashmpmhadmd3 p) Vjdgr @udahamk3 q) Hjlasajegs dg Gquadmd dg Náegrj y dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Hílmrms dg Daputmdjs y Xgemdjrgs dgk Hjenrgsj Emhajemk3 y, r) Xjhagdmd Havak, rgprgsgetmetgs dg mk lgejs 7 (haehj) jrnmeazmhajegs. Hjestatuadm km Lgsm Aetgraestatuhajemk, dgog gkmojrmr y mprjomr su rgnkmlgetj aetgrej. Tmokm 84 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?> dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj ?2¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Mrtìhukj ?2.- Lgsm Aetgraestatuhajemk dg Vrgvgehaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr (V_GYAL). Km Lgsm Aetgraestatuhajemk dg Vrgvgehaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr gs hjjrdaemdm pjr gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr g aetgnrmdm pjr uem rgprgsgetmhaøe dg hmdm uem dg kms sanuagetgs aestatuhajegs0 m) Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr3 o) Laeastgraj dgk Aetgrajr3 g) Vjkahìm Emhajemk3 d) Laeastgraj dg Xmkud Vðokahm y Oagegstmr Xjhamk3 g) Laeastgraj dg Gduhmhaøe y Hukturm3 i) Laeastgraj dg @ustaham3 n) Laeastgraj dg Trmom`j, Glpkgj y Xgnuradmd Xjhamk.3 b) Xghrgtmrìm Emhajemk dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham3 a) Darghhaøe Ngegrmk dg Gstmdìstahm, Gehugstms y Hgesjs, dgpgedagetg dg km

?68

Xghrgtmrìm Táheahm dg Vkmeaiahmhaøe dgk Dgsmrrjkkj Ghjeølahj y Xjhamk3 `) Xghrgtmrìm dg Mhhaøe Xjhamk3 c) Xghrgtmrìm dg Glgrngeham Emhajemk3 k)Xghrgtmrìm dg Aeijrlmhaøe y Hjlueahmhaøe dg km Vrgsadgeham dg km _gpðokahm (XAHJL)3 l) Km Xghrgtmrìm Emhajemk dg Tghejkjnìm dg km Aeijrlmhaøe y Hjlueahmhaøe (XGEMTAHs)3 e) Laeastgraj Vðokahj3 ý) Laeastgraj dg km Dgigesm Vðokahm3 j) Xghrgtmrìm Emhajemk pjr kjs Dgrghbjs dg kms Vgrsjems hje Dashmpmhadmd (XGEMDAX)3 p) Vjdgr @udahamk (@uznmdj dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham)3 q) Hjlasajegs dg Gquadmd dg Náegrj dg kms Hílmrms dg Daputmdjs y Xgemdjrgs dgk Hjenrgsj Emhajemk. Hjestatuadm km Lgsm Aetgraestatuhajemk dgog mprjomr su rgnkmlgetj aetgrej.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Km rgkgvmeham dg gstg mrtìhukj gstí dmdm ge qug ijrlmkazm ue gspmhaj dg mrtahukmhaøe aetgrdashapkaemram g aetgraestatuhajemk qug gxastg dgsdg km hrgmhaøe dgk getg rghtjr hjlj ‛Xghrgtmrìm dg km Lu`gr“ hje djs ejvgdmdgs0 km aehkusaøe dg jrnmeazmhajegs dg km sjhagdmd havak (ge hjehjrdmeham hje hjlprjlasjs aetgremhajemkgs dg mrtahukmhaøe pðokahj-pravmdm y prjljhaøe dgk daíkjnj y km smkadm dg km Vjkahìm Emhajemk dmdj qug hjlj aestmeham dgpgedagetg dgk Laeastgraj dgk Aetgrajr y ej dgkaogrmtavm ej sg hjesadgrø eghgsmram su pmrtahapmhaøe dg lmegrm hjestmetg. Gstm dghasaøe ej bm hjetglpkmdj qug km pmrtahapmhaøe dg km Vjkahìm Emhajemk pjdrìm sgr rgkgvmetg ge humetj m hjetmr hje aeijrlmhaøe y gxpgrageham dg pralgrm lmej dg mqugkkms aestatuhajegs qug sg gehugetrme ge hjestmetg vaehukmhaøe hje gk trmtmlagetj dg km vajkgeham qug suirge kms lu`grgs.


Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. _ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 dg HGDM^. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj =9. Lgtms =9.=6 y =9.m

?64

Mrtìhukj ?2¶. Hmsms dg Mhjnadm. Hrámsg gk Vrjnrmlm dg Hmsms dg Mhjnadm, qug dgogrí sgr

alpkglgetmdj y gstmrí m hmrnj dg kms Njogremhajegs Dgpmrtmlgetmkgs om`j km hjjrdaemhaøe ngegrmk, supgrvasaøe y mpjyj táheahj dgk laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr. Kjs sgrvahajs oraedmdjs pjr kms Hmsms dg Mhjnadm dgoge rgmkazmrsg ge hjjrdaemhaøe hje kms dglís getadmdgs rgspjesmokgs, hjeijrlg km prgsgetg Kgy y tagege hjlj jo`gtavj0 m) Vrjtgngr m km lu`gr y su nrupj imlakamr mightmdj qug sg gehugetrg ge ragsnj y dgsprjtghhaøe ngegrmdm pjr satumhajegs dg vajkgeham, sgm qug kkgnuge pjr su prjpam hugetm j dgravmdms dg aestatuhajegs pðokahms u jrnmeasljs ej nuogremlgetmkgs. o) Msgnurmr gk mpjyj aelgdamtj, km aetgnradmd iìsahm, gljhajemk y km mtgehaøe psahjsjhamk m km vìhtalm y sus dgpgedagetgs, sa msì kj rgquagrm gk hmsj. h) Vrgstmr msastgeham aetgrdashapkaemram psahjkønahm, sjhamk, kgnmk y, ge su hmsj, ládahm, hjjrdaemedj hje kms ueadmdgs pjkahamkgs, iashmkìm y ùznmdjs hjrrgspjedagetgs kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe qug dgome sgr tjlmdms dg lmegrm aelgdamtm. d) Oraedmr aeijrlmhaøe m km lu`gr vìhtalm dg vajkgeham sjorg kjs dgrghbjs qug kg msastge y mhjlpmýmr y imhakatmr gk mhhgsj m hmpmhatmhaøe kmojrmk, glpkgj, vavagedm, prjnrmlms sjhamkgs y dglís dgrghbjs gstmokghadjs ge km prgsgetg Kgy. g) Jirghgr mkogrnug trmesatjraj m kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham y sus dgpgedagetgs qug sg gehugetrge ge ragsnj humedj gstms ej pugdme jotgegr ue sustgetj ghjeølahj, y lagetrms qug sg lmetgenm ge gstmdj dg pgkanrj. i) Jirghgr hmpmhatmhaøe kmojrmk y mhmdálahm m kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham, sgm ge kms aestmkmhajegs dgk hgetrj dg mhjnadm j ge jtrms aestatuhajegs. n) Jrnmeazmr ge hjjrdaemhaøe hje kms jrnmeazmhajegs dg km sjhagdmd havak uem ojksm dg glpkgjs dgk sghtjr pravmdj pmrm myudmr m qug kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham mhhgdme m ue trmom`j danej3 y

?67

b) Tjdjs kjs sgrvahajs qug pugdme hjjpgrmr ge gk rgstmokghalagetj dg kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham y su nrupj imlakamr j dgpgedagetg. Tmokm 87 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?2 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj ?1¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. (…) n) Hjetmr hje uem dg glpkgjs sghtjr pravmdj pmrm myudmr m qug kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dgojksm vajkgeham mhhgdmedgk m ue trmom`j danej3 y, (…)

Xae jtrms ljdaiahmhajegs

Hjlgetmrajs0

Ge km laslm kìegm dg meíkasas dgk mrtìhukj prgvaj, km aehkusaøe dg gstg mrtìhukj, ijrlmkazm km gxastgeham dg kms Hmsms dg Mhjnadm y dgtgrlaem su kìegm dg aetgrvgehaøe. Hjesadgrmedj qug bmy vmrams tgjrìms y ljdgkjs dg mkogrnugs pmrm pgrsjems vìhtalms dg dastaetms ijrlms dg vajkgeham, gk hjetmr hje uem dgshraphaøe ngegrmk mk rgspghtj dg kjs sgrvahajs qug dgoge sgr prjvastjs, pgrlatg km ngegrmhaøe dg kjs prgsupugstjs ge rghursjs bulmejs, iìsahjs y ghjeølahjs eghgsmrajs pmrm km alpkglgetmhaøe dgk sgrvahaj ge tjdj gk tgrratjraj emhajemk.


Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. _ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 dg HGDM^. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtm 7.7 Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj0 Lgtm prajratmram G. Dgsmiìj 97

Mrtìhukj ?1¶. Xastglm Weaiahmdj y Gstmedmrazmdj dg _gnastrj. Gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr hrgmrí

gk Xastglm Weaiahmdj y Gstmedmrazmdj dg _gnastrj dg Yajkgeham hjetrm kms Lu`grgs, ge hjjrdaemhaøe hje km Darghhaøe Ngegrmk dg Gstmdìstahms, Gehugstms y Hgesjs. Gk Gstmdj gs rgspjesmokg dg km rghjpakmhaøe y sastglmtazmhaøe dg dmtjs qug aehkuyme tjdm aeijrlmhaøe sjorg kms hmusms, hjesghugehams y irghugeham dg km vajkgeham, hje gk iae dg gvmkumr km giahmham dg kms lgdadms pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, y dg ijrlukmr, ljeatjrgmr y gvmkumr kms pjkìtahms pðokahms pgrtaegetgs. ?69

Gk Vjdgr @udahamk, gk Laeastgraj Vðokahj, gk Laeastgraj dgk Aetgrajr, km Vjkahìm Emhajemk, gk Laeastgraj dg km Dgigesm Vðokahm, gk Laeastgraj dg Xmkud Vðokahm y Oagegstmr Xjhamk, gk Laeastgraj dg Gduhmhaøe y Hukturm (XAH), km Xghrgtmrìm Emhajemk dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham, gk Laeastgraj dg @ustaham, gk Laeastgraj dg Trmom`j, Glpkgj y Xgnuradmd Xjhamk, (km) Xghrgtmrìm Emhajemk dg pjr kjs Dgrghbjs dg Vgrsjems hje Dashmpmhadmd y km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Iuehaøe Vðokahm rgpjrtmríe aeijrlmhaøe sjorg tjdjs kjs hmsjs mtgedadjs mk Xastglm Ðeahj y Gstmedmrazmdj dg _gnastrj, hje omsg ge kjs hratgrajs dgiaeadjs hje gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr pmrm hmdm aestatuhaøe y nmrmetazmríe lghmeasljs dg mhhgsj pðokahj m km aeijrlmhaøe ngegrmdm m km sjhagdmd havak. Tmokm 89 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj ?1 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj86¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. (…) Gk Vjdgr @udahamk, gk Laeastgraj Vðokahj, gk Laeastgraj dgk Aetgrajr, km Vjkahìm Emhajemk, gk Laeastgraj dg km Dgigesm Vðokahm, gk Laeastgraj dg Xmkud Vðokahm y Oagegstmr Xjhamk, gk Laeastgraj dg Gduhmhaøe y Hukturm, km Xghrgtmrìm Emhajemk dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham, gk Laeastgraj dg @ustaham, gk Laeastgraj dg Trmom`j, Glpkgj y Xgnuradmd Xjhamk, Xghrgtmrìm Emhajemk pjr kjs Dgrghbjs dg kms Vgrsjems hje Dashmpmhadmd y km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Iuehaøe Vðokahm rgpjrtmríe aeijrlmhaøe sjorg tjdjs kjs hmsjs mtgedadjs mk Xastglm Ðeahj y Gstmedmrazmdj dg _gnastrj, ge omsg m kjs hratgrajs dgiaeadjs hje gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr pmrm hmdm aestatuhaøe y nmrmetazmrme lghmeasljs dg mhhgsj pðokahj. Xae jtrms ljdaiahmhajegs

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs 86 y 8= dg gstm Kgy.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Km tjlm dg dghasajegs omsmdms ge gvadgeham hagetìiahm gs uej dg kjs mprgedazm`gs lís saneaiahmtavjs dg kjs mvmehgs ge gk dgsmrrjkkj sustgetmokg y geuekmhjlprjlasj hjestruhhaøergmk dg dg pjkìtahms pðokahms giahmhgs y giahagetgs. Gk dgsmiìj dg kjnrmr kms aestatuhajegs pðokahms dg Vmrmnumy pmrm hjlpmrtar aeijrlmhaøe ge rgkmhaøe m km vajkgeham ge ngegrmk y m km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs ge pmrtahukmr sg lmetageg pgedagetg y gs pjr gkkj qug gstg mrtìhukj gs pmrtahukmrlgetg rgkgvmetg. Ge hjesghugeham, sg josgrvm qug ge km prjpugstm jranaemk sg sgýmkmom qug km aeijrlmhaøe rgsuktmetg dgk Xastglm Ðeahj y Gstmedmrazmdj dg _gnastrj sgrìm ‛dg mhhgsj pðokahj“ y ge mprjomdm dahg ‛mhhgsj pðokahj m km aeijrlmhaøe ngegrmdm m km sjhagdmd havak“. Gstm ljdaiahmhaøe pmrghg rgspjedgr m km josgrvmhaøe qug mknuems aestmehams dgk íloatj ùrasdahhajemk bme pkmetgmdj sastglítahmlgetg ge g`grhahajs metgrajrgs14 dg

14

Dg mhugrdj mk aeijrlg Yajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs ge Vmrmnumy0 Mvmehgs y Dgsmiìjs (?6=9) mk lgejs gxastg uem gxpgrageham djhulgetmdm ge gstm lmtgram qug iug dgejlaemdm _WYAN (_gnastrj ueaiahmdj dg sgrvahajs pðokahjs oraedmdjs m lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham omsmdm ge náegrj) qug m pgsmr dg kjs gsiugrzjs rgmkazmdjs gk sastglm ej kjnrø pjegrsg ge lmrhbm dg lmegrm gightavm. Gk aeijrlg sgýmkm qug ge hjesuktm m

?6>

qug km aeijrlmhaøe dg kms aevgstanmhajegs ùdahamkgs dgog lmetgegrsg ge gstrahtm hjeiadgehamkadmd y qug luhbm aeijrlmhaøe pugdg qugdmr aeeghgsmramlgetg gxpugstm. Hje gstm ljdaiahmhaøe, sg getagedg qug km aeijrlmhaøe gstmrí daspjeaokg pmrm km sjhagdmd havak, ej moagrtm, uem vgz prjhgsmdm y tjlmdjs kjs rghmudjs pmrm prgvgear km daiusaøe dg aeijrlmhaøe sgesaokg ge gk lmrhj dg kj sgýmkmdj ge gk Mrtìhukj 86 dg gstm Kgy.


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Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj. Mngedm dg Mddas Mdgom Gstrmtgnam ?.6 pmrm km smkud dg kms lu`grgs, km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Jo`gtavj 8. Lgtms 8.=, 8.?, 8.8, 8.> y 8.23 Jo`gtavj 7. Lgtms 7.?, 7.8 y 7.9. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj. Lgtm Vrajratmram O. Dgsmiìj =>. Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?66=.

Mrtìhukj 86¶. Aeijrlgs dgk Xastglm. Kjs aeijrlgs prjduhadjs pjr gk Xastglm Ðeahj y Gstmedmrazmdj

dg _gnastrj dgoge hjetgegr0 m) Adgetaiahmhaøe y hmetadmd dg lu`grgs dgeuehametgs pjr gdmd, dashmpmhadmd, gstmdj havak, prjhgdgeham tgrratjramk, kgenum, gteam, gshjkmradmd, prjigsaøe u jhupmhaøe, vìehukj hje km pgrsjem mnrgsjrm, emturmkgzm dg kjs bghbjs, y su humetaiahmhaøe. o) Humetaiahmhaøe dg kms pgrsjems mnrgsjrms pjr prjhgdgeham tgrratjramk, gdmd, jhupmhaøe, jrange áteahj, gstmdj havak, gshjkmradmd, prjigsaøe u jhupmhaøe. h) Dmtjs dg kjs bghbjs dg vajkgeham mtgedadjs, aehkuygedj tapjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y hjeduhtms pueaokgs.

rgigrgetgs g aeijrlgs sjorg km lmtgram dme hugetm dg qug gxastagrje mvmehgs alpjrtmetgs, sae glomrnj ‛km lgtjdjkjnìm dg rghjkghhaøe, sastglmtazmhaøe y gk meíkasas dg kjs dmtjs ej pgrlatge hjetmr hje dmtjs rjoustjs ea hjeiamokgs qug pgrlatme rgmkazmr ue meíkasas dg km satumhaøe dg km vajkgeham“.

?62

d) Dmtjs dgk prjhgsj ùdahamk qug aehkuyme pjr kj lgejs km durmhaøe dg kms gtmpms prjhgsmkgs, kms lgdadms hmutgkmrgs y kms dg prjtghhaøe jrdgemdms, kjs rgqugralagetjs hjehkusavjs y kms sgetgehams. g) Kjs rghursjs y jrange dg kjs prgsupugstjs grjnmdjs pmrm mtgehaøe dg kms lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham. Gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr puokahmrí y daiuedarí pjr davgrsjs lgdajs y dg ijrlm meumk kms gstmdìstahms dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y gk ljeatjrgj dg km alpkglgetmhaøe dg gstm (K)gy, kjs humkgs dgoge gstmr daspjeaokgs m sjkahatud dg humkquagr pgrsjem iìsahm j ùrìdahm qug msì kj rgquagrm. Tmokm 8> - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 86 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9

Tgxtj dg km

Mrtìhukj 8=¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk.

prjpugstm jranaemk0

(…) Gk puetj d) jranaemklgetg grm0 Dmtjs rgkmtavjs mk eðlgrj dg lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham mtgedadms ge kms Hmsms dg Mhjnadm y sgrvahajs dg mtgehaøe, ym sgme bjspatmkmrajs, gduhmtavjs y hgetrjs dg trmom`j. (…) Xae jtrms ljdaiahmhajegs

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs ?1 y 8= dg gstm Kgy.

Mrtìhukj 8=¶. Josgrvmtjraj dg Dgrghbj dg kms Lu`grgs m uem Yadm Kaorg dg Yajkgeham. Gk

Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr hrgmrí gk Josgrvmtjraj dg Dgrghbj dg kms Lu`grgs m uem Yadm Kaorg dg Yajkgeham, dgstaemdj mk ljeatjrgj g aevgstanmhaøe sjorg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, m kjs gightjs dg dasgýmr pjkìtahms pðokahms pmrm km prgvgehaøe y grrmdahmhaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. Gk Josgrvmtjraj tgedrí kjs sanuagetgs dgogrgs0

?61

=. Ngegrmr uem rgd dg aeijrlmhaøe aetgraestatuhajemk hje tjdjs kjs sgrvahajs dg mtgehaøe y prjtghhaøe m kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham pðokahm j pravmdm3 ?. Gstmokghgr rgkmhajegs hje jtrjs Josgrvmtjrajs y rgdgs sjorg vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs3 8. _gmkazmr gstudajs g aevgstanmhajegs sjorg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs ge hjjrdaemhaøe hje aestatuhajegs pðokahms y jrnmeazmhajegs ej nuogremlgetmkgs3 y, 4. Vrgsgetmr aeijrlgs pgraødahjs mk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr. Tmokm 82 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 8= dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj 8?¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Xae ljdaiahmhajegs dg ijedj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs ?1 y 86 dg gstm Kgy.

Mrtìhukj 8?¶. Xgrvahajs Aetgnrmkgs dg Vrgvgehaøe y Mtgehaøe. Gk Gstmdj, lgdametg km rghtjrìm

dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr prjljvgrí ge kms dastaetms ùrasdahhajegs y eavgkgs dgshgetrmkazmdjs km hrgmhaøe y/j ijrtmkghalagetj dg kjs sgrvahajs aetgnrmkgs gspghamkazmdjs dg mtgehaøe m km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham y m kms pgrsjems qug km g`grhge. Gk Xastglm dg Vrgvgehaøe y Mtgehaøe gstí aetgnrmdj pjr tjdjs kjs sgrvahajs pðokahjs dgpgedagetgs dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj, Lueahapmkadmdgs y Njoagrejs Dgpmrtmlgetmkgs y hjjrdaemrí mhhajegs hje kjs sgrvahajs dg jrnmeazmhajegs ej nuogremlgetmkgs, ueavgrsadmdgs y jtrjs qug trmom`ge ge km prgvgehaøe dg km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs y jirgzhme sgrvahajs nrmtuatjs. Kjs sgrvahajs dg prgvgehaøe y mtgehaøe aetgnrmk sje rgspjesmokgs dg0 m) Daiuedar km prgsgetg Kgy y kjs sgrvahajs aetgnrmkgs qug oraedme m kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham. o) Hmpmhatmr dg lmegrm pgrlmegetg m su pgrsjemk pmrm km mpkahmhaøe dg km prgsgetg Kgy.

?=6

h) Mdjptmr kms lgdadms eghgsmrams ge humetj m aeirmgstruhturm, gquapmlagetj y rghursjs bulmejs. d) Gkmojrmr y mpkahmr prjtjhjkjs gspghìiahjs pmrm rgnukmr y ueaijrlmr su mhhajemr gvatmedj km rgvahtalazmhaøe, sae pgrùahaj dg km mdghumhaøe dg kjs prjtjhjkjs dg mtgehaøe g aetgrvgehaøe mhtumklgetg vangetgs, msì hjlj gk sgnualagetj y gvmkumhaøe dg su hulpkalagetj. Tjdj sgrvahaj dg mtgehaøe dgogrí sgr gxtgesavj m kms ba`ms g ba`js dg km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham y m jtrms pgrsjems dgpgedagetgs ge hjedahajegs dg ragsnj. Tmokm 81 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 8? dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj 88¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Xg mnrgnm0 ‛Tjdj sgrvahaj dg mtgehaøe dgogrí sgr gxtgesavj m kms ba`ms g ba`js dg km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham y m jtrms pgrsjems dgpgedagetgs ge hjedahajegs dg ragsnj.“ Xae ljdaiahmhajegs dg ijedj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =, 8-1, ==-?9 dg gstm Kgy.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Xg josgrvm qug gk tgxtj jranaemk gxhkuìm km mlpkamhaøe dg kjs sgrvahajs m kms pgrsjems dgpgedagetgs dg km lu`gr vìhtalm dg vajkgeham. Km aehkusaøe dg tjdm pgrsjem dgpgedagetg, rgspjedg m km hjehjrdmeham dgk tgxtj iaemk qug hjetraouyg mk hmríhtgr dg aetgnrmkadmd dg km ejrlm y kj gstmokghadj ge gk Mrtìhukj =? (Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr) døedg sg sgýmkm, ge gk lmrhj dg sus hjlpgtgehams0 m.

Gkmojrmr, alpkglgetmr y ljeatjrgmr ue Vkme Emhajemk dg Mhhaøe pmrm km Vrgvgehaøe, Xmehaøe y Grrmdahmhaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr qug hjetglpkg prjnrmlms mrtahukmdjs aetgraestatuhajemkgs pmrm trmesijrlmr pmtrjegs sjhajhukturmkgs qug emturmkazme y pgrpgtðme km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs, msì hjlj gk ijrtmkghalagetj dg kjs sgrvahajs dg mtgehaøe aetgnrmk y lgdadms dg rgpmrmhaøe pmrm gkkms y sus dgpgedagetgs.

Hjesadgrmedj getjehgs gk praehapaj ngegrmk dg aetgrprgtmhaøe kgnmk m imvjr dgk lmyjr oage ùrìdahj prjtgnadj, sg dgogrí aetgrprgtmr gstm ejrlm dg lmegrm gxtgesavm m tjdms kms pgrsjems qug sje dgpgedagetgs dg km lu`gr qug gs vìhtalm dg vajkgeham y rghaog, mk lgejs, sgrvahajs dgpgedagetgs darghtm g aedarghtmlgetg dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr.

?==

Mrtìhukj 88¶. Xgrvahajs Emhajemkgs. Gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr mlpkamrí km hjogrturm dg kjs

Xgrvahajs dg Mtgehaøe m km Lu`gr, dg kjs Hgetrjs _gnajemkgs dg km Lu`gr y hjjrdaemrí hje kms Njogremhajegs Dgpmrtmlgetmkgs km hrgmhaøe dg kms Hmsms dg Mhjnadm. Gstjs sgrvahajs dgogríe jirghgr mtgehaøe aetgnrmk g aetgrdashapkaemram m km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham, km qug aehkuarí msastgeham ládahm, psahjkønahm, kgnmk y sjhamk, pmrm kj qug pjdrí sushraoar mhugrdjs aetgrnuogremlgetmkgs hje Lueahapmkadmdgs y Njogremhajegs Dgpmrtmlgetmkgs. Gk Laeastgraj dg Trmom`j, Glpkgj y Xgnuradmd Xjhamk hrgmrí sgrvahajs dg mtgehaøe, jragetmhaøe y rgigrgeham pmrm trmom`mdjrms ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham y hjjrdaemrí hje kms Hmsms dg Mhjnadm km aehjrpjrmhaøe dg lu`grgs m kjs prjnrmlms dg hmpmhatmhaøe y glpkgj. Gs Gstmdj prjljvgrí m jrnmeazmhajegs dg km sjhagdmd havak qug oraedge gstjs sgrvahajs. Tmokm 46 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 88 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj 84¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Xae ljdaiahmhajegs dg ijedj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =?, ?7, ?9 y 8? dg gstm Kgy.

Mrtìhukj 84¶. _ggduhmhaøe dg km Vgrsjem Mnrgsjrm. Gk Gstmdj, m trmvás dgk Laeastgraj dg Xmkud

Vðokahm y Oagegstmr Xjhamk y dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr, gstmokghgrí lghmeasljs y sgrvahajs daranadjs m km rggduhmhaøe dg km pgrsjem mnrgsjrm, qug pjdríe sgr utakazmdjs ge ijrlm vjkuetmram j pjr jrdge dgk ùznmdj aetgrvaeagetg, josgrvmedj kms sanuagetgs prglasms0 m) Hjetmr hje prjnrmlms dg aetgrvgehaøe hjeduhtumk y gduhmhaøe psahjsjhamk pmrm pgrsjems qug bmyme aehurradj ge bghbjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. o) Hjjrdaemr getrg kjs prgstmdjrgs dg sgrvahajs m pgrsjems mnrgdadms y mnrgsjrgs, gvatmedj gk gehugetrj dg km vìhtalm y km pgrsjem mnrgsjrm.

?=?

h) Hrgmr prjnrmlms y gspmhajs pmrm g`ghuhaøe dgk trmom`j hjlueatmraj ge hmsj dg qug sgm jrdgemdj pjr gk @uznmdj aetgrvaeagetg. d) Vrjvggr tgrmpam psahjkønahm pmrm kms pgrsjems mnrgsjrms qug kj prghasge, ge kjs sgrvahajs sjhamkgs bmoakatmdjs, sgme gstjs dg hmríhtgr pðokahj j pravmdj. g) Vrjvggr aeijrlmhaøe mhtumkazmdm y pgraødahm sjorg gk damneøstahj, gk trmtmlagetj, km rggduhmhaøe y sus mvmehgs, mk @uznmdj Vgemk dg G`ghuhaøe. Tmokm 4= - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 84 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj 87¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Xae ljdaiahmhajegs dg ijedj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs >, =6, 8?, 88, 44, 47 y 78 dg gstm Kgy.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Gstg gs ue mrtìhukj gspghamklgetg rgkgvmetg y ejvgdjsj dmdj qug gstí daranadj m gstmokghgr lghmeasljs y sgrvahajs dg mtgehaøe pmrm km pgrsjem mnrgsjrm m ljdj dg hjetraouar m km pgrpgtumhaøe dg km vajkgeham, dg kjs imhtjrgs hukturmkgs vaehukmdjs m ástm y m km grrmdahmhaøe dg km laslm.

Ge hjehjrdmeham hje kj sgýmkmdj ge gk Mrtìhukj 44 dg km Kgy ge humetj m km prjbaoahaøe dg km Hjehakamhaøe j Lgdamhaøe, ej dgog aetgrprgtmrsg hjlj uem mutjrazmhaøe gstmtmk pmrm km hrgmhaøe dg tgrmpams dg rgbmoakatmhaøe imlakamr u jtrm ijrlm dg tgrmpam j trmtmlagetj qug km rgueaøe, hjehakamhaøe j lgdamhaøe dg km pgrsjem mnrgsjrm hje km pgrsjem mnrgdadm.

Mrtìhukj 87¶. Lgdajs dg hjlueahmhaøe. Kjs lgdajs dg hjlueahmhaøe sjhamk dgogríe nmrmetazmr

gk rgspgtj m km daneadmd g aetaladmd dg kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham y sus ba`js, ba`ms y dgpgedagetgs ge km daiusaøe dg aeijrlmhajegs rgkmtavms m kjs bghbjs dg vajkgeham. Tmokm 4? - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 87 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj eugvj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 8, 7, 9, > y 1 dg gstm Kgy.

?=8

Hmpìtukj AY0 Xastglm gstmtmk dg Vrjtghhaøe m km lu`gr metg bghbjs dg vajkgeham. Mrtìhukj 890 Vjdgr @udahamk. Gk Vjdgr @udahamk, m trmvás dgk ørnmej hjrrgspjedagetg, aehjrpjrmrí

km pgrspghtavm dg anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs getrg gk bjlorg y km lu`gr ge sus pjkìtahms aetgrems y ge km mdlaeastrmhaøe dg ùstaham, pmrm gk hjejhalagetj y ùznmlagetj dg kms hmusms qug aevjkuhrge bghbjs rgkmhajemdjs hje km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs. Vmrm km mdghumdm alpkglgetmhaøe dg km prgsgetg Kgy y gk hulpkalagetj dg sus iaegs gk Vjdgr @udahamk dgogrí0 m) Dgdanemr pgrsjemk hmpmhatmdj, giahagetg y suiahagetg pmrm hulpkar iuehajegs rgkmtavms mk hjejhalagetj y ùznmlagetj dg bghbjs dg vajkgeham. o) Djtmr dg km aeirmgstruhturm eghgsmram pmrm km mtgehaøe m km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham, mhjrdg m kjs praehapajs dg hgkgradmd, pravmhadmd, jiahajsadmd, nrmtuadmd y jtrjs prgvastjs ge gstm Kgy. h) Mdjptmr tjdms kms lgdadms eghgsmrams pmrm msgnurmr gk mhhgsj m km ùstaham m lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham, uem rgspugstm gightavm dgk sastglm ùdahamk y gk rgspghtj m sus dgrghbjs y nmrmetìms. d) Ijrtmkghgr gk lmrhj prjhgsmk vangetg, m trmvás dg mhjrdmdms y prjtjhjkjs dg mtgehaøe pmrm msgnurmr uem prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk m kms lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham ge kms aestmehams ùrasdahhajemkgs. g) Dasgýmr y g`ghutmr pkmegs, prjnrmlms y prjyghtjs dg hmpmhatmhaøe ge dgrghbjs bulmejs, dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs, daranadjs m kms/js iuehajemrams/js dg km mdlaeastrmhaøe dg ùstaham qug aetgrvgenme ge gk trmtmlagetj dg kjs bghbjs qug hjetglpkm gstm (K)gy. Km sgesaoakazmhaøe, hmpmhatmhaøe y ijrlmhaøe sg hjjrdaemrí hje gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr, pudagedj sushraoar hjevgeajs hje kms írgms dg gstudajs dg km lu`gr ge kms ueavgrsadmdgs.

?=4

i) Hrgmr uem omsg dg dmtjs hje aeijrlmhaøe sjorg tjdms kms dgeuehams pjr bghbjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs aenrgsmdjs ge gk sastglm ùdahamk y rgpjrtmr kjs lasljs mk Xastglm Weaiahmdj y Gstmedmrazmdj dg rgnastrj. n) _gmkazmr gstudajs g aevgstanmhajegs ge km lmtgram. Tmokm 48 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 89 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj 8>¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Gk Vjdgr @udahamk, m trmvás dgk ørnmej hjrrgspjedagetg, aehjrpjrmrí km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs getrg gk bjlorg y km lu`gr ge sus pjkìtahms aetgrems y ge km mdlaeastrmhaøe dg ùstaham, pmrm gk hjejhalagetj y ùznmlagetj dg kms hmusms qug aevjkuhrge bghbjs rgkmhajemdjs hje km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs. (…) b) Xmehajemr mdlaeastrmtavm y dashapkaemramlgetg m su iuehajemramdj, pgrsjemk hjetrmtmdj y dgk sgrvahaj muxakamr, y muxakamrgs dg ùstaham ge ngegrmk, ge hmsj dg aehulpkalagetj dg kjs dgogrgs y jokanmhajegs gstmokghadjs, j dg dgiahagetg g`grhahaj dg kms imhuktmdgs hjeigradms ge gstm Kgy.


Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 8, 4, 7, 9, >, 2, 1, =6, ==, =?, ?>, ?1, 86, 8=, 8>, 4?-78 dg gstm Kgy.

Mhjrdmdm dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham 474/?66> ]ug gstmokghg gk Ijrlukmraj dg _gnastrj dg Yajkgeham Mhjrdmdm dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham 97>/?6=6 ]ug gstmokghg darghtrahgs dg km pjkìtahm aestatuhajemk dg trmesvgrsmkadmd dg náegrj dgk Vjdgr @udahamk Mhjrdmdm dg Náegrjdg dgkmkmHjrtg HjrtgXuprglm Xuprglmdg dg@ustaham @ustaham.961/?6=6 Vjr km humk sg hrgm km Xghrgtmrìm Mhjrdmdm dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham 94?/?6=6 ]ug rgnkmlgetm gk prjhgdalagetj dg km jiahaem dg mtgehaøe pgrlmegetg pmrm km prgsgetmhaøe dg dgeuehams sjorg vajkgeham djlástahm Mhjrdmdm dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham 998/?6=6 Vjr km humk sg rgsugkvg aehjrpjrmr ‛=66 _gnkms dg Ormsakam“ sjorg gk mhhgsj m km ùstaham dg kms pgrsjems ge hjedahajegs dg vukegrmoakadmd.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Ge km prjpugstm jranaemk sg aehkuìm0 ‛Gk Vjdgr @udahamk, m trmvás dgk ørnmej hjrrgspjedagetg, aehjrpjrmrí km pgrspghtavm dg náegrj ge sus pjkìtahms aetgrems y ge km mdlaeastrmhaøe dg ùstaham, pmrm gk ?=7

hjejhalagetj y ùznmlagetj dg kms hmusms qug aevjkuhrge bghbjs rgkmhajemdjs hje vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs.“ (…) ‛Dasgýmr y g`ghutmr pkmegs, prjnrmlms y prjyghtjs dg hmpmhatmhaøe ge dgrghbjs bulmejs, dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs y ùstaham dg náegrj, daranadj m kms/js iuehajemrams/js dg km mdlaeastrmhaøe dg ùstaham qug aetgrvgenme ge gk trmtmlagetj dg kjs bghbjs qug hjetglpkm gstm Kgy. Km sgesaoakazmhaøe, hmpmhatmhaøe y ijrlmhaøe sg hjjrdaemrí hje gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr, pudagedj sushraoar hjevgeajs hje kms írgms dg gstudajs dg km lu`gr y dg náegrj dg kms ueavgrsadmdgs. (…) ‛Xmehajemr mdlaeastrmtavm y dashapkaemramlgetg m su iuehajemramdj, pgrsjemk hjetrmtmdj y dgk sgrvahaj muxakamr, y muxakamrgs dg ùstaham ge ngegrmk, ge hmsj dg aehulpkalagetj dg kjs dgogrgs y jokanmhajegs gstmokghadjs, j dg dgiahagetg g`grhahaj dg kms imhuktmdgs hjeigradms ge gstm Kgy.“

Xg kmlgetm qug sg bmym gvatmdj km lmeaigstmhaøe tmxmtavm dg pgrspghtavm dg náegrj ge km ejrlm mprjomdm dmdj qug gstm gxhkusaøe mtgetm hje km vmkjrmhaøe eghgsmram qug dgogrí bmhgrsg dgsdg gk ørnmej ùznmdjr pmrm hjlprgedgr hugstajegs dg vajkgeham omsmdm ge msalgtrìms dg pjdgr, km hugstaøe dg km emturmkazmhaøe dg km vajkgeham pjr imhtjrgs hukturmkgs, sjhamkgs y gspghamklgetg vaehukmdms hje km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk Gstmdj ge ijrlmr y gduhmr mk iuehajemramdj pðokahj ge hugstajegs dg anumkdmd y ej dashralaemhaøe.

Mrtìhukj 8>¶. @uznmdjs dg Vmz. Kjs @uznmdjs dg Vmz, mdglís dg kms imhuktmdgs qug kgs hjeiagrg km

Kgy, sje hjlpgtgetgs pmrm0 m) _ghaoar dgeuehams sjorg kjs bghbjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y daspjegr lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe pmrm km prgsgrvmhaøe dg km vadm, km aetgnradmd dg km lu`gr, sus oagegs y dgrghbjs, gstmokghadms ge km prgsgetg Kgy, mpkahmedj gk prjhgdalagetj prgvastj ge km Kgy E¶ =966/66 ‛Hjetrm km Yajkgeham Djlástahm“ y ge gk hmsj dg sgr eaýms y/j mdjkgshgetgs lu`grgs mhtumr hjeijrlg kms daspjsahajegs dg km Kgy E¶ 4?17/== ‛]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm“, dg hjeijrladmd mk

Mrtìhukj 46 dg gstm Kgy. o) Km suostmehamhaøe y km rgsjkuhaøe dgk prjhgdalagetj morgvamdj pjr kjs bghbjs pueaokgs dg vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs hjeijrlg kj prgvastj ge gk Mrtìhukj 44 dgk Hødanj Vrjhgsmk Vgemk.

?=9

h) _glatar hjlpuksms dg kms mhtumhajegs m km Weadmd Iashmk qug hjrrgspjedm, ge gk pkmzj dg ?4 (vgaetahumtrj) bjrms, m iae dg qug sg aeahag y prjsanm gk prjhgsj pgemk qug hjrrgspjedm humedj dg kms mhtumhajegs sg dgsprgedm km hjlasaøe dg ue bghbj pueaokg. Tmokm 44 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 8> dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj 82¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. (…)0 m) _ghaoar dgeuehams sjorg bghbjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y daspjegr lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe pmrm km prgsgrvmhaøe dg km vadm, km aetgnradmd dg km lu`gr, sus oagegs y dgrghbjs gstmokghadms ge km prgsgetg Kgy, mpkahmedj gk prjhgdalagetj prgvastj ge km Kgy E¶ =966/66 "HJET_M KM YAJKGEHAM DJLÁXTAHM". o) Km suostmehamhaøe y km rgsjkuhaøe dg kms dakangehams aeahamkgs dg km aevgstanmhaøe qug ej mdlatme dgljrm, humedj ej sgm pjsaokg kjnrmr km aetgrvgehaøe aelgdamtm dgk ùgz pgemk hjlpgtgetg. h) _glatar hjlpuksms dg kms mhtumhajegs m km Weadmd Iashmk qug hjrrgspjedm, ge km orgvgdmd pjsaokg, m iae dg qug sg aeahag y prjsanm gk prjhgsj pgemk qug hjrrgspjedm.


Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs 84, 89, 48, 44 y 78 dg gstm Kgy.

Kgy =?29/=112. Hødanj Vrjhgsmk Vgemk. Mrtìhukjs. 44, 46> y sans.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Xg josgrvm qug ge gk tgxtj iaemk sg ljdaiahm km hjlpgtgeham dg suostmehamhaøe y km rgsjkuhaøe dg kms dakangehams aeahamkgs dg km aevgstanmhaøe qug ej mdlatme dgljrm pjr suostmehamhaøe y km rgsjkuhaøe dgk prjhgdalagetj morgvamdj pjr kjs bghbjs pueaokgs dg vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs hjeijrlg kj prgvastj ge gk Mrtìhukj 44 dgk Hødanj Vrjhgsmk Vgemk17.

17

Mrtìhukj 44 dgk Hødanj Vgemk (ljdaiahmdj pjr km Kgy 8446/?662) suspgesaøe m prugom dg km g`ghuhaøe dg km hjedgem. (=rj) Ge hmsj dg hjedgem m pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg bmstm djs mýjs, gk traouemk jrdgemrí km suspgesaøe dg su g`ghuhaøe humedj km pgrsjemkadmd, km hjeduhtm y kms hjedahajegs dg vadm dgk mutjr pgrlatme gspgrmr qug ástg, sae pravmhaøe dg kaogrtmd y pjr lgdaj dg jokanmhajegs, rgnkms dg hjeduhtm j su`ghaøe m ue msgsjr dg prugom, pugdm prgstmr smtasimhhaøe pjr gk akìhatj jhmsajemdj y ej vugkvm m rgmkazmr jtrj bghbj pueaokg. (?dj) Km suspgesaøe, ngegrmklgetg, ej sg hjehgdgrí humedj gk mutjr bmym sadj hjedgemdj durmetg kjs haehj mýjs metgrajrgs mk bghbj pueaokg, m uem j lís pgems qug, ge tjtmk, sulge ue mýj dg pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd j luktm j

?=>

Gstm ljdaiahmhaøe gs gspghamklgetg rgkgvmetg pjrqug jlatg km trmlatmhaøe dg dakangehams qug ej mdlatme dgljrm metgs kalatmdm mk iugrj pgemk, pgrj qug ge km príhtahm dg mpkahmhaøe dg km Kgy =966/?666 bm dgljstrmdj sgr dg utakadmd ge gk iugrj dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham. Vjr kj qug km mpkahmhaøe dg gstg ge hjehjrdmeham hje kj sgýmkmdj ge gk Mrtìhukj 48 pgrlatg km mpkahmhaøe dg lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe m eaýjs, eaýms y mdjkgshgetgs dg mlojs sgxjs0 Ge hmsj dg vajkgeham hjetrm eaýms y mdjkgshgetgs lu`grgs kjs ùznmdjs dg Vmz dgogríe tjlmr lgdadms hjlprgedadms ge gstm Kgy j humkquagrm dg kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe urngetgs prgvastms ge gk Hødanj dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham dgetrj dg kms 42 (humrgetm y jhbj) bjrms.

Km aehkusaøe dgk prjhgdalagetj morgvamdj ge lmtgram dg kjs @uznmdjs dg Vmz mlpkìm su hjlpgtgeham ge lmtgram pgemk.

Mrtìhukj 82¶. Laeastgraj dg km Dgigesm Vðokahm . Gk Laeastgraj dg km Dgigesm Vðokahm dgogrí

prgstmr msastgeham ùrìdahm y pmtrjhaeaj kgnmk m kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham sae eghgsadmd dg rgmkazmr gk ogegiahaj dg katanmr sae nmstjs, dgoagedj kkgvmr ue rgnastrj dg tjdjs kjs hmsjs y rgpjrtmrkjs mk Xastglm Weaiahmdj y Gstmedmrazmdj dg _gnastrj. Tmokm 47 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 82 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj eugvj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 8, 4, 7, 9, >, 2, 1, =6, ==, =?, ?>, ?1, 86, 8=,89, 8>, 4?-78 dg gstm Kgy.

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk0 Mrtìhukjs =919

humedj gk eugvj bghbj pueaokg bmym sadj rgmkazmdj durmetg gk pgrìjdj dg prugom vaehukmdj hje uem hjedgem metgrajr. (8rj) Km suspgesaøe dg km hjedgem ej pjdrí sgr kalatmdm m uem pmrtg dg km pgem y m gstg gightj ej sg hjlputmrí km pgem purnmdm ge prasaøe prgvgetavm u jtrm ijrlm dg pravmhaøe dg kaogrtmd. (4tj) Gk traouemk dgtgrlaemrí ue pgrìjdj dg prugom ej lgejr dg djs y ej lmyjr dg haehj mýjs, qug dgogrí hjetmrsg dgsdg km sgetgeham iarlg. Gk pgrìjdj dg prugom pjdrí sgr pjstgrajrlgetg rgduhadj mk lìealj j, metgs dg iaemkazmr gk pgrìjdj ia`mdj, mlpkamdj bmstm gk líxalj prgvastj. 19

Mrtìhukj =9 - Dg km dgigesm ge ùahaj. Km dgigesm ge ùahaj dg kms pgrsjems y dg sus dgrghbjs gs aevajkmokg. Tjdm

pgrsjem tageg dgrghbj m sgr ùznmdm pjr traouemkgs y ùghgs hjlpgtgetgs, aedgpgedagetgs g alpmrhamkgs.

?=2

Kgy 44?8/?6== Jrníeahm dgk Laeastgraj dg km Dgigesm Vðokahm.

Vrjtjhjkj dg Mhhaøe Aetgraestatuhajemk Metg km lugrtg vajkgetm, tgetmtavm dg lugrtg y vajkgeham dg mktj ragsnj hjetrm lu`grgs, rgmkazmdm pjr su pmrg`m j gxpmrg`m1>.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Gstg Mrtìhukj gs sae dudms uej dg kms lís rgkgvmetgs aehjrpjrmhajegs mk nmrmetazmr km dgigesm nrmtuatm y m hmrnj dgk gstmdj dg km Lu`gr vìhtalm dg vajkgeham.

Dmedj hulpkalagetj m kj aedahmdj ge gk aehasj 8 dgk Mrtìhukj 1 dg su Kgy Jrníeahm qug dgtgrlaem ge sus iuehajegs Msgsjrmr, msastar, rgprgsgetmr y dgigedgr nrmtuatmlgetg m kms pgrsjems iìsahms qug hmrghge dg rghursjs suiahagetgs pmrm gk mhhgsj m km ùrasdahhaøe. G`grhgrí msì km tutgkm ùdahamk gightavm dg sus dgrghbjs ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd,

y hjlj iugrm bghbj mk prjluknmrsg gk Hødanj dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham qug hrgm gk iugrj gspghamkazmdj ge gsm lmtgram ge km Dgigesm Vðokahm, y hjlpkglgetmedj gk dgrghbj nmrmetazmdj pjr km Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk m kms pgrsjems ge hjeikahtj hje km Kgy pgemk humkquagrnrmtuatj, jtrm quggedghmsj qugdg pugdm dgravmr pgem j smehaøe gk Gstmdjpmrm kg prjvgm dg uejdgigesjr ej daspjegr dg lgdajs ghjeølahjs sjkvgetmrkj.

Msalaslj, gxhkuyg m kms lu`grgs dgk rgqugralagetj dgk trílatg dg ogegiahaj dg katanmr sae nmstjs pmrm imhakatmr gk mhhgsj prjetj m ue dgigesjr j dgigesjrm pðokahjs.


Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen _ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 dg HGDM^

Mrtìhukj 81¶. Laeastgraj Vðokahj. M kjs iaegs dg gstm Kgy y, sae pgrùahaj dg sus dglís jokanmhajegs

y imhuktmdgs, gk Laeastgraj Vðokahj dgog0

1>

Gstg prjtjhjkj sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge gk sataj bttp0//dgigesjram.sgemtahs.njv.py/Hmtgnjrams/bmoatmetgs/djhulgetjs/67Z=?Z?6=9/Vrjtjhjkj.%?6LW@G_%?6%?6Mvmehgs.pdi

?=1

m) Msanemr kjs rghursjs eghgsmrajs g aeirmgstruhturm mdghumdm pmrm km aevgstanmhaøe y pgrsghuhaøe dg kjs bghbjs pueaokgs dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. Vmrm gkkj dgogrí hmpmhatmr y gspghamkazmr m su pgrsjemk. Vjdrí hrgmr Weadmdgs Gspghamkazmdms, sae pgrùahaj dg tjdms kms Weadmdgs Iashmkgs Vgemkgs gstáe jokanmdms m rghaoar dgeuehams y ge su hmsj, pgrsanme tmkgs bghbjs. o) Aeahamr y pgrsgnuar km aevgstanmhaøe, g`grhagedj km mhhaøe pgemk m trmvás dg kjs/ms mngetgs iashmkgs. h) Hmpmhatmr m kjs/ms mngetgs iashmkgs, msastgetgs iashmkgs y iuehajemramdj, pgrsjemk hjetrmtmdj y dgk sgrvahaj muxakamr ge ngegrmk, ge lmtgram dg vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs. d) Vrgvgr km dgsanemhaøe dg pgrsjemk hmpmhatmdj, giahagetg y suiahagetg ge tjdjs kjs hmrnjs ge kjs humkgs sg hulpkme iuehajegs rgkmhajemdms hje km aevgstanmhaøe y pgrsghuhaøe dg kjs bghbjs pueaokgs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. g) Mdjptmr prjtjhjkjs dg mtgehaøe g aevgstanmhaøe dg hmsjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs qug hjesadgrge harhuestmehams gspghamkgs pmrm hmsjs ge kjs humkgs km vìhtalm sg gehugetrg ge satumhaøe dg hrasas, rgquagrm mtgehaøe ládahm aelgdamtm j sg trmtg dg dgkatjs sgxumkgs, getrg jtrjs qug rgquagrme mtgehaøe daigrgehamdm. i) Gstmokghgr kjs hratgrajs dg mhtumhaøe y dg pgrsghuhaøe pgemk ge bghbjs pueaokgs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. n) Hrgmr uem omsg dg dmtjs pmrm gk rgnastrj dg kms dgeuehams y gstmdj dg kjs prjhgsjs m gightj dg rgpjrtmr gstm aeijrlmhaøe mk sastglm Weaiahmdj y Gstmedmrazmdj dg rgnastrj. b) Mpkahmr kms smehajegs mdlaeastrmtavms dashapkaemrams pgrtaegetgs, sjorg huyj dahtmdj tgenm hjlpgtgeham, m mngetgs iashmkgs, msastgetgs iashmkgs, pgrsjems pgrtgeghagetgs m su iuehajemramdj, su pgrsjemk hjetrmtmdj y dgk sgrvahaj muxakamr, ge hmsj dg aehulpkalagetj dg kjs dgrghbjs y jokanmhajegs gstmokghadms ge gstm Kgy, j dg dgiahagetg g`grhahaj dg kms imhuktmdgs hjeigradms ge gkkm.

??6

Tmokm 49 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 81 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj 4=¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Xae ljdaiahmhajegs

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 8, 4, 7, 9, >, 2, 1, =6, ==, =?, ?>, ?1, 86, 8=, 8>, 4?-78 dg gstm Kgy.

Aestruhtavj Ngegrmk dgk Laeastgraj Vðokahj 1/?6== sjorg Vrjhgdalagetjs m sgnuar ge km aevgstanmhaøe dg kjs bghbjs pueaokgs dg vajkgeham imlakamr y vajkgeham dg náegrj Aestruhtavj Ngegrmk dgk Laeastgraj Vðokahj 1/?6=7 qug gstmokghg prjhgdalagetjs m sgnuar pmrm sjkahatmr dakangehams mk ‛Hgetrj dg Mtgehaøe m Yìhtalms“ ge gk qug sg aehkuyg km msastgeham y hjetgehaøe sahjkønahm bmstm gk ùahaj jrmk y pðokahj m lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Ej sg bmhg lgehaøe gxprgsm m km prgsgrvmhaøe dg km gshgem dg vajkgeham ea m km eghgsadmd dg josgrvmr km mdghumdm hmdgem dg prgsgrvmhaøe dg prugoms.

Ge km prjpugstm sg aehkuìm, mdglís0 ‛G`grhgr kmdg darghhaøe iuehajemk hjetrjk dg kjs/msjranaemk iuehajemrajs/ms y dg kms rgpmrtahajegs km Vjkahìm Emhajemky gk durmetg km aevgstanmhaøe dg ue bghbj pueaokg hjetrm kms lu`grgs, dgoagedj aehjrpjrmr km pgrspghtavm dg náegrj ge km aevgstanmhaøe.“


Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen _ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 dg HGDM^ Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==

Mrtìhukj 46¶. Vjkahìm Emhajemk.

=. Km Vjkahìm Emhajemk, ge gk lmrhj dg sus mtraouhajegs dgogrí mdjptmr kms sanuagetgs lgdadms0 m) Hrgmr y ijrtmkghgr Davasajegs Gspghamkazmdms pmrm km mtgehaøe dg bghbjs pueaokgs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, sae pgrùahaj qug tjdj gk pgrsjemk pjkahamk, gspghamkazmdj j ej, pugdm aetgrvgear ge kjs hmsjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs humedj iugrg eghgsmraj. o) Djtmr dg km aeirmgstruhturm y rghursjs suiahagetgs pmrm km aetgrvgehaøe pjkahamk ge bghbjs dg vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs ge tjdj gk pmìs. ??=

h) Vrgvgr lmyjr dgsanemhaøe dg pgrsjemk hmpmhatmdj, giahagetg y suiahagetg ge tjdjs kjs hmsjs ge kjs humkgs sg hulpkme iuehajegs rgkmhajemdms hje km mtgehaøe dg kjs bghbjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. d) Daiuedar kjs prjtjhjkjs dg mtgehaøe g aevgstanmhaøe ge hjjrdaemhaøe hje gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr, m iae dg oraedmr kms rgspugstms mdghumdms y gvatmr km rgvahtalazmhaøe dg kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham, mtgedaáedjkms hje dakangeham. g) Ijrtmkghgr tjdms kms hjlasmrìms pmrm km mtgehaøe dg bghbjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs ge sus dastaetjs íloatjs, m iae dg nmrmetazmr gk muxakaj y sjhjrrj ge kjs hmsjs ge kjs qug rgquagrme prjtghhaøe aelgdamtm, pmrm kj qug sg hjetmríe hje gk pgrsjemk suiahagetg, kjs lgdajs dg trmespjrtg y kìegms nrmtuatms. Ge kjs kunmrgs djedg j gxastme ueadmdgs pjkahamkgs gspghamkazmdms y humedj iugrg eghgsmram km mtgehaøe m kms vìhtalms dgog sgr prgstmdm pjr kms mutjradmdgs pjkahamkgs jrdaemrams. i) Kkgvmr ue rgnastrj g dgeuehams y gstmdìstahms dgsmnrgnmdms pmrm gk rgpjrtg mk Xastglm Ðeahj y Gstmedmrazmdj dg _gnastrj. ?. Tjdjs kjs iuehajemrajs dg km Vjkahìm Emhajemk y dg kms Weadmdgs j Hjlasmrìms Gspghamkazmdms pmrm km mtgehaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, dgogríe0 m) _ghaoar ge ijrlm aelgdamtm kms dgeuehams sjorg bghbjs dg vajkgeham, nmrmetazmr km aetgnradmd iìsahm dg km dgeuehametg y sus dgpgedagetgs y rglatar gk hmsj hje tjdjs kjs aeijrlgs pgrtaegetgs mk ùznmdj hjlpgtgetg y mk Laeastgraj Vðokahj. o) Vrgsgetmr gk aeijrlg jiahamk mk Laeastgraj Vðokahj sjorg kms mhtumhajegs dg km dgeueham dgetrj dg kms sgas bjrms hjetmdms dgsdg gk aeahaj dg km aetgrvgehaøe. h) Aeijrlmr sjorg metgrajrgs dgeuehams ijrlukmdms hjetrm km laslm pgrsjem mnrgsjrm. d) Vrjpjrhajemr prjtghhaøe gightavm ge gk trmskmdj dg km lu`gr mnrgdadm y m km pgrsjem dgeuehametg dg km vajkgeham. g) _gmkazmr gk sgnualagetj m km satumhaøe dg kms lu`grgs qug buoagrge dgeuehamdj bghbjs dg vajkgeham, ge gspghamk humedj sg buoagrge dahtmdj lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe, lgdametg ???

vasatms djlahakamrams u jtrms vgraiahmhajegs mdghumdms dgoagedj aeijrlmr mk @ugz dg Vmz humedj sg bmyme tjlmdj lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe hjeijrlg m km Kgy E¶ =966/66 ‛Hjetrm km Yajkgeham Djlástahm“ y mk Laeastgraj Vðokahj, ge su hmsj.

i) Hjestmtmr km gxastgeham dg mrlms dg humkquagr tapj ge gk kunmr dg kjs bghbjs j ge pjsgsaøe dg km pgrsjem mnrgsjrm. n) Gightumr dgtgehajegs ge hmsjs dg ikmnrmeham, pudagedj aenrgsmr m rghaetjs pðokahjs j pravmdjs sae eghgsadmd dg jrdge ùdahamk, dg ijrlm gxhgphajemk, humedj gxastme gkglgetjs igbmhagetgs qug bmnme prgsular km hjlasaøe dg bghbjs pueaokgs dg vajkgeham hjetrm km vadm j km aetgnradmd iìsahm dg km lu`gr y sus ba`js g ba`ms j mduktjs lmyjrgs m su hmrnj. Tmokm 4> - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 46 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj 4?¶ ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. (…)0 m) Ijrtmkghgr kms Davasajegs Gspghamkazmdms pmrm km mtgehaøe dg bghbjs pueaokgs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, sae pgrùahaj qug tjdj gk pgrsjemk pjkahamk, gspghamkazmdj j ej, pugdm aetgrvgear ge kjs hmsjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs humedj iugrg eghgsmraj. (…) n) Mpkahmr kms smehajegs mdlaeastrmtavms dashapkaemrams pgrtaegetgs m kms pgrsjems pgrtgeghagetgs m su iuehajemramdj, su pgrsjemk hjetrmtmdj y dgk sgrvahaj muxakamr, ge hmsj dg aehulpkalagetj dg kjs dgogrgs y jokanmhajegs gstmokghadjs ge gstm Kgy, j dg dgiahagetg g`grhahaj dg kms imhuktmdgs hjeigradms ge gkkm.


Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 8, 4, 7, 9, >, 2, 1, =6, ==, =?, ?>, ?1, 86, 8=, 8>-81, 4?-78 dg gstm Kgy

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Mrtìhukj 84. Dg km aevajkmoakadmd dg kjs rghaetjs pravmdjs.

Kgy ???/=118 Jrníeahm dg km Vjkahìm Emhajemk.

??8

_gsjkuhaøe Vjkahamk ?78/?6== Vjr km humk sg mprugom gk prjtjhjkj dg prjhgdalagetj pjkahamk pmrm km aetgrvgehaøe ge vajkgeham djlástahm, aetrmimlakamr y dg náegrj. _gsjkuhaøe Vjkahamk 997/?6=> Vjr km humk sg mprugom gk prjtjhjkj dg mhtumhaøe pjkahamk hje pgrsjems mdjkgshgetgs getrg =4 y => mýjs dg gdmd ge trmesnrgsaøe m km Kgy pgemk y gk Vrjhgdalagetj hje eaýjs, eaýms y mdjkgshgetgs0 prjhgdalagetjs dg prjtghhaøe. _gsjkuhaøe Vjkahamk 999/?6=> Vjr km humk sg mprugom gk prjtjhjkj dg aetgrvgehaøe pjkahamk qug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj m sgnuar metg hmsjs dg oðsqugdm y kjhmkazmhaøe dg pgrsjems dgsmpmrghadms.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Gstg Mrtìhukj aehjrpjrm djs gkglgetjs adgetaiahmdjs hjlj rgkgvmetgs ge km príhtahm dg mpkahmhaøe dg km Kgy =966/?666 qug iugrme rghjnadjs pjr gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr ge gk mýj ?6==120 km vgraiahmhaøe dg gxastgeham dg mrlms j gkglgetjs qug pugdme hjestmtmr uem gshgem dg vajkgeham y km mhkmrmhaøe rgkgvmetg mk pgrsjemk pjkahamk mk dghar qug ej gs akgnmk aenrgsmr m humkquagr rghaetj pravmdj humedj gxastme gkglgetjs igbmhagetgs qug bmnme prgsular km hjlasaøe dg bghbjs pueaokgs dg vajkgeham hjetrm km vadm j km aetgnradmd iìsahm dg km lu`gr y sus ba`js g ba`ms j mduktjs lmyjrgs m su hmrnj.

Gstm ðktalm mhkmrmhaøe gs gspghamklgetg alpjrtmetg pjr sgr uem dg kms trmoms qug sg prgsgetm ge km pgrsghuhaøe dgk dgkatj dg vajkgeham ge íloatjs djlástahjs g aetrmimlakamrgs humedj mknuem pgrsjem aevjhm gk dgrghbj hjestatuhajemk.

Mrtìhukj 4=¶. Xmehajegs. Kjs iuehajemrajs pðokahjs sje pmsaokgs dg smehajegs mdlaeastrmtavms

dashapkaemrams ge hmsj dg aehulpkalagetj dg kjs dgogrgs msanemdjs. Tmokm 42 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 4= dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj eugvj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 8, 4, 7, >, =6, =9, 89 y 81 dg gstm Kgy.

12

Yízqugz, M. (?6==). Lmeumk dg mojrdm`g m km vajkgeham djlástahm, aetrmimlakamr y dg náegrj. Xghrgtmrìm dg km Lu`gr. Msuehaøe. Daspjeaokg ge bttps0//gs.shraod.hjl/djh/>8722471/Mojrdm`g-m-km-vajkgeham-aetrmimlakamr-y-dgngegrj-ge-Vmrmnumy

??4

Hødanj Vgemk. Hmpìtukj AAA. Bghbjs pueaokgs hjetrm gk g`grhahaj dg iuehajegs pðokahms.

Dghrgtj 896/?6=8 Vjr km humk sg rgnukm gk prjhgdalagetj sulmramk mdlaeastrmtavj pmrm km aevgstanmhaøe y km mpkahmhaøe dg kms smehajegs mdlaeastrmtavms gstmokghadms ge gk hmpìtukj xa dgk ránalge dashapkaemraj dg km kgy Ej =9?9/?666 dg km iuehaøe pðokahm, y sg dgrjnm gk dghrgtj ej =>>2=/?66?11.

Hmpìtukj Y0 Lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe Mrtìhukj 4?¶. Iaemkadmd. Kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe tagege pjr iaemkadmd dgtgegr kjs mhtjs dg

vajkgeham iglaeahadm, iìsahm, psahjkønahm j sgxumk y prjtgngr m km lu`gr mnrgdadm y kjs laglorjs dg su getjrej imlakamr hjlj ba`js, ba`ms j dg jtrms pgrsjems dgpgedagetgs ge su aetgnradmd iìsahm, psahjkønahms, sgxumk y pmtraljeamk. Tmokm 41 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 4? dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj eugvj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 8, 4, 7, 9, > y 48 dg gstm Kgy

Mrtìhukj 48¶. Lgdadms dg Vrjtghhaøe. Kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe, sae pgrùahaj dg kj gstmokghadj ge

km Kgy =966/66 ‛Hjetrm km Yajkgeham Djlástahm“ sje kms sanuagetgs0

m) Jrdgemr ge kjs hmsjs dg vajkgeham getrg høeyungs, hjevavagetgs j pmrg`ms sgetalgetmkgs, muequg sg trmtge dg rgkmhajegs vangetgs j iaemkazmdms, qug km pgrsjem dgeuehamdm sg lmetgenm m uem dastmeham dgtgrlaemdm lìealm dg km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham, sus ba`js g ba`ms j

11

Gk tgxtj hjlpkgtj dg gstg Dghrgtj s g gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge

iakg0///H0/Wsgrs/Wsgr/Djwekjmds/VJ_ZGKZHWMKZXGZ_GNWKMZGKZV_JHGDALAGETJZXWLM_AMK.pdi

??7

dg jtrms pgrsjems vaehukmdms m gkkm, msì hjlj sg vavagedm, j humkquagr jtrj gspmhaj djedg mhjetgzhm vajkgeham. Humedj km pgrsjem dgeuehamdm y km vìhtalm trmom`ge j gstudage ge gk laslj kunmr, sg jrdgemrí gstm lgdadm mdghuíedjkm pmrm nmrmetazmr km aetgnradmd dg km lu`gr, sae qug sg vgme mightmdjs kjs dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs dg km laslm. o) Vrjbaoar m km pgrsjem dgeuehamdm qug, dg lmegrm darghtm g aedarghtm, rgmkahg mhtjs dg pgrsghuhaøe, aetaladmhaøe j mhjsj m km lu`gr mnrgdadm j mknðe aetgnrmetg dg su imlakam j dgpgedagetg. h) Ge hmsj dg vajkgeham hjetrm eaýms y mdjkgshgetgs lu`grgs kjs ùznmdjs dg Vmz dgogríe tjlmr lgdadms hjlprgedadms ge gstm Kgy j humkquagrm dg kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe urngetgs prgvastms ge gk Hødanj dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham dgetrj dg kms 42 (humrgetm y jhbj) bjrms. d) Daspjegr km hustjdam pjkahamk ge gk kunmr djedg sg gehugetrg km lu`gr mnrgdadm pjr gk taglpj qug sg hjesadgrg hjevgeagetg. g) Daspjegr gk aevgetmraj dg kjs oagegs dg km hjlueadmd hjeyunmk j dg kjs hjluegs dg km pmrg`m, y dg kjs oagegs prjpajs dg km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham, dg km sjhagdmd hjlgrhamk j humkquagr jtrj oage qug hjlpmrtme km lu`gr y km pgrsjem dgeuehamdm. i) Glatar uem jrdge ùdahamk dg prjtghhaøe y muxakaj m imvjr dg km dgeuehametg. Km vìhtalm pjrtmrí hjpam dg gstm jrdge pmrm qug pugdm mhudar m km mutjradmd lís hgrhmem ge hmsj dg mlgemzm dg mnrgsaøe iugrm j dgetrj dg su djlahakaj. n) Mdjptmr humkquagr jtrm lgdadm qug sg hjesadgrg eghgsmram. Gk @uznmdj Vgemk dg Nmrmetìms j dg Vmz qug tgenm m su hmrnj rgsjkvgr km sjkahatud dg alpkglgetmhaøe dg lgdadms prjtghhaøe, hjlueahmrí m km mutjradmd pjkahamk hjlpgtgetg lís hgrhmem km lgdadm m sgr alpkglgetmdm. Km rgsjkuhaøe qug jrdgeg lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe, mpgrhaoarí m kms pmrtgs qug aehurrme ge gk bghbj pueaokg dg dgsmhmtj ge hmsj dg aehulpkalagetj dg uem j vmrams dg kms lgdadms dahtmdms.

??9

Tmokm 76 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 48 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj eugvj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 8, 4, 7, 9, > y 4? dg gstm Kgy

Kgy =966/?666 Hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Gstg Mrtìhukj rghjng luhbms dg kms ougems príhtahms ùrasdahhajemkgs dg km mpkahmhaøe dg km Kgy =966/?666 prjduhtj dg km aetgrprgtmhaøe hjevgehajemk dg km Kgy 967/=117 (Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr, ‛Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkál dj Vmrí“) qug sgýmkm ge su Mrtìhukj > mk rgspghtj dg km jokanmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs dg0 (…) d. mdjptmr lgdadms ùrìdahms pmrm hjelaemr mk mnrgsjr m mostgegrsg dg bjstanmr, aetaladmr, mlgemzmr, dmýmr j pjegr ge pgkanrj km vadm dg km lu`gr dg humkquagr ijrlm qug mtgetg hjetrm su aetgnradmd j pgrùdaqug su prjpagdmd3 g. tjlmr tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms, aehkuygedj lgdadms dg tapj kgnaskmtavj, pmrm ljdaiahmr j mojkar kgygs y rgnkmlgetjs vangetgs, j pmrm ljdaiahmr príhtahms ùrìdahms j hjesugtudaemrams qug rgspmkdge km pgrsastgeham j km tjkgrmeham dg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr3 b. mdjptmr lgdadms kgnaskmtavms j dg jtrm ìedjkg qug sgme eghgsmrams pmrm bmhgr gightavm gstm hjevgehaøe.

Vjr kj tmetj, ej sg dgog getgedgr hjlj uem kastm gxhkuygetg dg humkquagr jtrm lgdadm dg prjtghhaøe qug pugdm sgr eghgsmram mpkahmr pmrm prjtgngr km vadm, aetgnradmd iìsahm y prjpagdmd dg km lu`gr vìhtalm dg vajkgeham y sus dgpgedagetgs.

Ge km prjpugstm jranaemk aehkuìme0 ‛Xg pjdrí daspjegr lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe m imvjr dg pgrsjems dgpgedagetgs y imlakamrgs dg km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham y dg kjs tgstanjs. Km Darghhaøe dgk Vrjnrmlm dg Mhjlpmýmlagetj y Vrjtghhaøe m Tgstanjs y Yìhtalms dgpgedagetg dgk Laeastgraj Vðokahj tageg km imhuktmd dg msgsjrmr mk @uznmdj mhgrhm dg kms lgdadms mdghumdms dg prjtghhaøe, kjs daspjsatavjs dg sgnuradmd y km msastgeham m kjs qug sg bmhg rgigrgeham ge gstm Kgy y ge kms Kgygs gspghamkgs qug rgnukme km lmtgram.“

‛Daspjegr gk glpkgj dg lgdajs tghejkønahjs, aehkuadm km hjkjhmhaøe dg kjhmkazmdjrgs pmrm vgraiahmr dg aelgdamtj km uoahmhaøe iìsahm dg km pgrsjem dgeuehamdm ge rgkmhaøe hje km lu`gr su`gtm m vajkgeham, sus ba`js g ba`ms j pgrsjems dgpgedagetgs. Gstm lgdadm sg g`ghutmrí sae kgsajemr km daneadmd j aetgnradmd iìsahm dgk dgeuehamdj“3 y,

‛Mutjrazmr m km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham m smkar dgk bjnmr j m rgaetgnrmrsg m ák, hje sus ba`js g ba`ms lgejrgs dg gdmd. Xg lmetgedrí ge rgsgrvm su eugvj kunmr dg pgrlmegeham3“

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‛Mutjrazmr m km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham m rgtarmr sus gightjs pgrsjemkgs, djhulgetjs y bgrrmlagetms dg trmom`j u jrdgemr m km pgrsjem dgeuehamdm qug prjhgdm m su rgstatuhaøe ge sgdg dgk ùznmdj j ge gk kunmr qug gkkm aedaqug. Ge humkquagr hmsj, gstms lgdadms sg dgoge dakangehamr hje kms dgoadms smkvmnumrdms pmrm km sgnuradmd dg km lu`gr qug pmdghg km vajkgeham3“

‛Alpjegr mk dgeuehamdj km hjogrturm dg kjs nmstjs dg mtgehaøe ládahm, psahjkønahm y psaquaítrahm eghgsmram pmrm km vìhtalm, qug pjdrí sgr prgstmdm ge Hgetrjs _gnajemkgs dg km Lu`gr, Hmsms dg Mhjnadm, hgetrjs dg smkud j gspmhajs dg hjjrdaemhaøe dg getadmdgs gstmtmkgs3“

‛Vrjbaoar m km pgrsjem dgeuehamdm qug mdquagrm, pjsgm, pjrtg j utakahg mrlms dg iugnj j humkquagr jtrm mrlm qug gspghaiaqug gk ùznmdj, jiahamedj, ge su hmsj, m km mutjradmd mdlaeastrmtavm dg hjetrjk j mk supgrajr `grírquahj dg km pgrsjem mnrgsjrm3“

‛Jrdgemr gk mpjstmlagetj pjkahamk ge gk kunmr qug sg gehugetrg km lu`gr mnr gdadm pjr gk taglpj qug sg hjesadgrg hjevgeagetg3“

‛Vrjbaoar mk dgpjsatmraj ùdahamk, m km pgrsjem dgeuehamdm y m km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham, daspjegr, dgstruar, jhuktmr j trmskmdmr oagegs nmemehamkgs, j kjs hjluegs dg km pmrg`m, dg km sjhagdmd hjlgrhamk j humkquagr jtrj oage qug hjlpmrtme km lu`gr y km pgrsjem dgeuehamdm, utakazmr tmr`gtms dg hrádatj hjluegs j hugetms hjluegs dg omehjs, lagetrms ej sg rgsugkvm j sg kkgnug m ue mhugrdj sjorg km sgpmrmhaøe dg oagegs.“

‛Jrdgemr m km pgrsjem dgeuehamdm qug prjvgm msastgeham ghjeølahm m km vìhtalm ge hmsj dg sgr ástm su dgpgedagetg, pjr ue pkmzj líxalj dg djs mýjs.“

‛Daspjegr km prjvasaøe dg gkglgetjs dg sgnuradmd m km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham hjlj sgr0 tgkáijej hgkukmr, gkglgetjs dg dgigesm pgrsjemk, hgrrmdurms, hgrhms gkáhtrahms, getrg jtrjs.“

‛Jrdgemr gk hgsg dg km aestruhhaøe j km davuknmhaøe dg gesgýmezms y/j lmtgramk dadíhtahj qug dgnrmdme m kms lu`grgs j qug dg humkquagr lmegrm mtgetge hjetrm su daneadmd bulmem j, qug rgiugrhge gstgrgjtapjs dg rjkgs pmrm kms lu`grgs ge gk sastglm dg gduhmhaøe. Ge su hmsj, gk @uznmdj pugdg kkgnmr m jrdgemr gk sghugstrj dg dahbjs lmtgramkgs3“

‛Gk hgsg dg km puokahmhaøe, rmdajdaiusaøe j tgkgtrmeslasaøe dg puokahadmd j dg aeijrlmhaøe qug vukegrg km almnge y daneadmd dg kms lu`grgs j kms prgsgetg hjlj ??2

jo`gtj dg hjesulj. Xg pugdg jrdgemr mk sghugstrj dg kms nrmomhajegs, ijtjnrmiìms, vadgjs, trìptahjs, miahbgs y jtrjs lmtgramkgs puokahatmrajs j aeijrlmtavjs qug vukegrge km almnge dg kms lu`grgs ge su daneadmd bulmem j km prgsgetge hjlj jo`gtj dg hjesulj3“

‛Gk glpkmzmlagetj y mdvgrtgeham m km mutjradmd hjlpgtgetg qug aehurrm ge hjeduhtm jlasavm dg kjs dgogrgs y jokanmhajegs qug alpjeg gstm Kgy.“

‛Ge kjs hmsjs ge kjs qug sg bmym dahtmdj lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe y jtrjs qug hjesadgrg km mutjradmd sg daspjedrí qug km pgrsjem dgeuehamdm msastm m prjnrmlms dg rggduhmhaøe gspghamkazmdjs ge vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. Kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe dahtmdms sje aedgpgedagetgs m kjs prjhgsjs aeahamdjs ge jtrjs iugrjs, pjr kj qug ej pugdge sgr ljdaiahmdms pjr jtrj ørnmej ùrasdahhajemk, smkvj pjr km vìm dg kjs rghursjs y kms lgdadms rgigradms m km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham pjr gk ùznmdj rgspghtavj.“

‛Xg pjdrí daspjegr lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe m imvjr dg pgrsjems dgpgedagetgs y imlakamrgs dg km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham y dg kjs tgstanjs.“

‛Gk aehulpkalagetj dg kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe trmg mpmrg`mdm mdglís dg kms smehajegs mdlaeastrmtavms qug hjrrgspjedme m km mutjradmd pðokahm, km mpkahmhaøe dgk mrtìhukj >2 dg km prgsgetg Kgy. (M_TÌHWKJ >2.- AEHWLVKALAGETJ DG LGDADMX DG V_JTGHHAØE. Gk qug aehulpkm uem j vmrams lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe dahtmdms pjr km mutjradmd hjlpgtgetg, dgetrj dg ue prjhgsj dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, aehurrarí ge gk bghbj pueaokg dg dgsmhmtj.“

Mrtìhukj 44¶. Vrjbaoahaøe dg hjehakamhaøe j lgdamhaøe. Xg prjbìog mpkahmr km hjehakamhaøe,

lgdamhaøe j mroatrm`g j humkquagr jtrj lgdaj dg rgsjkuhaøe mktgremtavm dg hjeikahtjs dg bghbjs dg vajkgeham bmham km lu`gr, metgs y durmetg km trmlatmhaøe dgk prjhgdalagetj dg lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe. Tmokm 7= - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 44 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj eugvj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =, ?, 8, 4, 7, 9, >, 4? y 48 dg gstm Kgy.

??1

Hjlgetmrajs0

Gstg Mrtìhukj gs rgkgvmetg ge humetj hjeiarlm km prjbaoahaøe dg km lgdamhaøe j humkquagr ijrlm dg rgsjkuhaøe mktgremtavm dg hjeikahtjs ge tjdj ljlgetj m pmrtar dg qug gs dgshuoagrtm km ikmnrmeham dgk dgkatj j sg rgmkahg uem dgeueham, tmetj sgm rgmkazmdm metg km Vjkahìm Emhajemk, ue @uznmdj dg Vmz, j humkquagr jtrm aestmeham muxakamr dg ùstaham j aetgrvaeagetg ge km mtgehaøe dg hmsjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs y sus dgpgedagetgs.

Mk rgspghtj dg kms iuehajegs dg kjs @uznmdjs dg Vmz=66, sa oage gstí prjbaoadm km hjehakamhaøe ge tmetj m su mhgphaøe hjlj lgdadm mktgremtavm dg rgsjkuhaøe dg hjeikahtjs, pgrj ej ge su mhgphaøe dg vgraiahmr km aeijrlmhaøe daspjeaokg j rgkgvmetg pmrm km prjsghuhaøe dg km aevgstanmhaøe. Tjdms kms jtrms iuehajegs dgk @uznmdj dg Vmz sg lmetagege.

Ge km prjpugstm jranaemk sgýmkmom0 ‛Xg prjbìog mpkahmr km hjehakamhaøe, lgdamhaøe j mroatrm`g j humkquagr jtrj lgdaj dg rgsjkuhaøe mktgremtavm dg hjeikahtjs dg bghbjs pueaokgs dg vajkgeham bmham km lu`gr, metgs y durmetg km trmlatmhaøe dgk prjhgdalagetj pgemk. ]uage, ge gk g`grhahaj dg uem iuehaøe pðokahm, aetgetg dasumdar m km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham pmrm ej dgeuehamr j prjsgnuar hje km dgeueham j mhusmhaøe, yaehurrg ge rgspjesmoakadmd kjs tárlaejs dg gstm Gk glpkgj dg lgdamhaøe hjehakamhaøe ge gk íloatjge pgemk trmg mpmrg`mdm km Kgy. eukadmd dg kjs mhtjs rgmkazmdjs dg hjeijrladmd hje gstjs lgdajs dg rgsjkuhaøe dg hjeikahtjs. Km eukadmd pugdg sgr dghkmrmdm dg jiahaj.

Ge gk íloatj dg kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe pjdríe lgdamrsg j hjehakamr hugstajegs rgigrgetgs m kjs oagegs y saglprg qug bmym ba`js lgejrgs dg gdmd ge rgigrgeham m0 hjevavgeham, msastgeham mkalgetmram y ránalge dg rgkmhajemlagetj, saglprg qug ge gk prjhgdalagetj pugdm lmetgegrsg gk gquakaoraj getrg kms pmrtgs y ge kjs mhugrdjs ej sg vukegrge dgrghbjs dg km vìhtalm, hugstajegs qug dgogríe sgr hjetrjkmdms pjr gk ùznmdj aetgrvaeagetg.“

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Hødanj Vrjhgsmk Vgemk. Mrtìhukj 44. @ughgs dg Vmz. Kjs ùghgs dg pmz sgríe hjlpgtgetgs pmrm hjejhgr0 =) dgk hjetrjk dg kms dakangehams aeahamkgs dg km aevgstanmhaøe qug ej mdlatme dgljrm, humedj ej sgm pjsaokg kjnrmr km aetgrvgehaøe aelgdamtm dgk ùgz pgemk hjlpgtgetg3 ?) dg km mutjrazmhaøe dg km prgshaedgeham dg km mhhaøe pgemk pðokahm ge kjs hmsjs dg kjs aehasjs =) mk ?) dgk mrtìhukj =1 dg gstg hødanj, humedj m gkkjs kgs sgm pkmetgmdm km sjkahatud pjr gk Laeastgraj Vðokahj, sae pgrùahaj dg km hjl pgtgeham dgk ùgz pgemk3 8) dg km suspgesaøe hjedahajemk dgk prjhgdalagetj humedj sg trmtg dg bghbjs pueaokgs hukpjsjs, y m gkkjs kgs sgm pkmetgmdm3 4) dgk prjhgdalagetj morgvamdj humedj km sjkahatud dg pgem sgm aeigrajr m ue mýj dg prasaøe j pgem ej pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd, saglprg qug m gkkjs kgs sgm pkmetgmdj3 7) dg km hjehakamhaøe, humedj m gkkjs kgs sgm prjpugstm3 9) dg km sustmehamhaøe dgk ùahaj pjr bghbjs pueaokgs dg mhhaøe pravmdm, humedj m gkkjs kgs sgm pkmetgmdm km mhusmhaøe pmrtahukmr y gk alputmdj mhgptg km hjlpgtgeham3 >) dg km sustmehamhaøe y rgsjkuhaøe dgk prjhgdalagetj pmrm km rgpmrmhaøe dgk dmýj, ge kjs hmsjs ge qug bmym dahtmdj sgetgeham hjedgemtjram3 y, 2) dg km mudageham jrmk pmrm dghadar km gxtaehaøe dg km mhhaøe pgemk ge gk hmsj dg hjeikahtjs rgsugktjs pjr kms hjlueadmdgs aedìngems.

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Mrtìhukj 47¶. Lgdadms dg sgnualagetj. Wem vgz dahtmdm km rgsjkuhaøe ùdahamk qug gstmokgzhm

lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe, gk ùznmdj hjlpgtgetg pjdrí jrdgemr lgdadms tgedagetgs m msgnurmr su hulpkalagetj, hjesastgetgs ge0 m) _gqugrar aeijrlg suhgsavj dg gvmkumhaøe dg ragsnj y satumhaøe psahjsjhamk dg km lu`gr vìhtalm dg vajkgeham. o) _gqugrar aeijrlg suhgsavj dg gvmkumhaøe dg km pgrsjem mnrgsjrm. h) Jrdgemr m km pgrsjem mnrgsjrm sg prgsgetg pgraødahmlgetg metg gk ùznmdj m iae dg dgtgrlaemr gk nrmdj dg g`ghuhaøe dg km lgdadm dg prjtghhaøe daspugstm. d) Daspjegr qug km pgrsjem mnrgsjrm hjlueaqug mk @uznmdj humkquagr hmloaj dg djlahakaj pgrsjemk j kmojrmk. g) Daspjegr qug km pgrsjem mnrgsjrm hjlueaqug mk ùznmdj humkquagr hmloaj ge su gstmdj pmtraljeamk j dg aenrgsjs ghjeølahjs qug mightg m km lu`gr vìhtalm dg vajkgeham. Tmokm 7? - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 47 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj eugvj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =->, 89, 8>, 46, 4? y 48 dg gstm Kgy.

Hmpìtukj YA0 Vrjhgdalagetj pmrm dgeueham dg bghbjs dg vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs. Mrtìhukj 49¶. Vraehapajs prjhgsmkgs.

m) Ygrjsalakatud. Vmrm gk dahtmdj dg lgdadms hmutgkmrgs y dg prjtghhaøe pgrsjemk, ge hmsj dg dudm, sg dgog gstmr m kj lmeaigstmdj pjr km vìhtalm dg kjs bghbjs dg vajkgeham. o) Hgkgradmd. Kjs prjhgdalagetjs dgoge sgr ínakgs y jpjrtuejs, hjesadgrmedj km satumhaøe dg kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham y gk ragsnj mk qug sg gehugetrme gxpugstms,

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dgoagedj dghrgtmrsg kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe prgvastms ge gstm Kgy u jtrms kgygs vangetgs dg lmegrm urngetg. h) _gsgrvm. Kms mhtumhajegs rgkmtavms m bghbjs dg vajkgeham sje rgsgrvmdms. Xjkj pugdge sgr gxbaoadms u jtjrnmrsg tgstaljeaj j hgrtaiahmdj dg kms laslms, m sjkahatud dg pmrtg kgnatalmdm j pjr jrdge dg mutjradmd hjlpgtgetg. d) Dgogr dg aeijrlmr. Kms mutjradmdgs, gk iuehajemramdj, gk pgrsjemk hjetrmtmdj, gk sgrvahaj muxakamr ge ngegrmk dg km iuehaøe pðokahm y kjs pmrtahukmrgs qug prgstge sgrvahaj pðokahj, aetgrvaeagetgs ge prjhgdalagetjs qug aevjkuhrge bghbjs dg vajkgeham, tagege km jokanmhaøe dg aeijrlmr m km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham ge gk adajlm, kgenum`g j damkghtj qug hjlprgedm, ge ijrlm mhhgsaokg m su gdmd y lmdurgz, kjs dgrghbjs qug kgs msastge, kjs rghursjs daspjeaokgs, km ijrlm dg prgsgrvmr kms gvadgehams, gk gstmdj dg kjs prjhgdalagetjs ùdahamkgs ge kjs qug gstá aevjkuhrmdm msì hjlj hjpam nrmtuatm dg kjs lasljs y km kastm dg sgrvahajs nuogremlgetmkgs j ej nuogremlgetmkgs daspjeaokgs pmrm su mtgehaøe. g) Dgoadm dakangeham. Kms mutjradmdgs hjlpgtgetgs dgoge mhtumr hje prjoadmd y mnakadmd pmrm prgvgear, aevgstanmr y geùahamr kjs bghbjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. Km jlasaøe dg km dgoadm dakangeham mhmrrgm km mpkahmhaøe dg smehajegs. Kms lu`grgs dgogríe sgr mtgedadms pjr pgrsjems gxpgrtms y hmpmhatmdms ge dgrghbjs bulmejs, dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs y dgrghbjs dg kms vìhtalms ge kunmrgs mhhgsaokgs qug nmrmetahge km pravmhadmd, sgnuradmd y hjljdadmd. Durmetg gk prjhgsj, gk @uznmdj pjdrí dgsanemr ue prjigsajemk dg trmom`j sjhamk qug mhjlpmýg gk hulpkalagetj dg kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe y msastm m km vìhtalm. Vjr eaenðe ljtavj, sg pjdrí sjkahatmr m km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham rgmkazmr mhtumhajegs, hatmhajegs, ejtaiahmhajegs u jtrms dakangehams qug sgme rgspjesmoakadmd dg iuehajemrajs dgk sastglm

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dg mtgehaøe j dgk sastglm dg ùstaham, ge gspghamk sa gkkms alpkahme humkquagr tapj dg hjetmhtj j hjlueahmhaøe hje km pgrsjem mnrgsjrm j sus imlakamrgs. Tmokm 78 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 49 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj eugvj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =-> y 89-47 dg gstm Kgy.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Ge km prjpugstm jranaemk, mk rgspghtj dg ‛Dgoadm dakangeham“, dghìm0 ‛Kms mutjradmdgs hjlpgtgetgs dgoge mhtumr hje prjoadmd y mnakadmd pmrm prgvgear, aevgstanmr y geùahamr kjs bghbjs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. Km jlasaøe dg km dgoadm dakangeham mhmrrgm km mpkahmhaøe dg smehajegs. Kms lu`grgs dgogríe sgr mtgedadms pjr pgrsjems gxpgrtms y hmpmhatmdms ge dgrghbjs bulmejs, dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs, dgrghbjs dg kms vìhtalms y pgrspghtavm dg náegrj, ge kunmrgs mhhgsaokgs qug nmrmetahge km pravmhadmd, sgnuradmd y hjljdadmd. Durmetg km dghkmrmhaøe dg km lu`gr sg dgogrí tgegr ge hugetm su gstmdj gljhajemk y qug su dghkmrmhaøe sgm tjlmdm dg lmegrm aedavadumk. Durmetg gk prjhgsj, gk ùznmdj pjdrí dgsanemr ue prjigsajemk dg trmom`j sjhamk qug mhjlpmýg gk hulpkalagetj dg kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe y msastm m km vìhtalm.

Gk aehulpkalagetj dg humkquagrm dg kjs dgogrgs dgravmdjs dg kjs praehapajs hatmdjs ngegrm rgspjesmoakadmd mdlaeastrmtavm hjeijrlg m km kgy =9?9/66, mk Hødanj dg jrnmeazmhaøe ùdahamk y kms mhjrdmdms qug rgnkmlgetme sus iuehajegs. Xgrí smehajemdj mdlaeastrmtavm y pgemklgetg, sgnðe hjrrgspjedm, km j gk iuehajemraj qug prjpahage km alpueadmd u jostmhukahge km ùstaham m trmvás dg humkquagr mhtj aetgehajemk, darghtj j aedarghtj ge km trmlatmhaøe dg km aevgstanmhaøe y ùznmlagetj dg kjs prjhgsjs pjr bghbjs dg vajkgeham bmham km lu`gr, y qug tgenme pjr jo`gtj j rgsuktmdj mktgrmr gk hursj ejrlmk dg kms mhtumhajegs ùdahamkgs.“

Mrtìhukj 4>¶. Vrgsgetmhaøe dg km dgeueham. Km dgeueham pugdg sgr prgsgetmdm metg km Vjkahìm

Emhajemk j kjs @uznmdjs dg Vmz sae eghgsadmd dg hjetmr hje pmtrjhaeaj j rgprgsgetmhaøe kgtrmdm, g ijrlm jrmk j gshratm, pmrm km aelgdamtm mpkahmhaøe dg lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe. Ge eaenðe hmsj, sg rghbmzmrí km rghgphaøe dg km dgeueham.

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Tmokm 74 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 4> dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj eugvj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =->, 89, 8> y 46 dg gstm Kgy.

Mrtìhukj 42¶. Vrjhgdalagetj mpkahmokg. Gk prjhgdalagetj pmrm km mdjphaøe dg lgdadms dg

prjtghhaøe metg gk @uznmdj dg Vmz sgrí gk gstmokghadj ge km Kgy E¶ =966/66 ‛Hjetrm km Yajkgeham Djlástahm“, msì hjlj kjs rghursjs mpkahmokgs. Ge hmsj dg eaýjs(ms) j mdjkgshgetgs vìhtalms, sg

mpkahmríe kms daspjsahajegs dg km Kgy E¶ 4?17/== ‛]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km @urasdahhaøe Gspghamkazmdm“, hjeijrlg m kj gstapukmdj ge gk

Mrtìhukj 4= dg gstm Kgy. Tmokm 77 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 42 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj eugvj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =-> y 89-4> dg gstm Kgy.

Hjlgetmrajs0

Lgdadms dg Vrjtghhaøe gs Mrtìhukj 48 y ej Mrtìhukj 4=

Hmpìtukj YAA0 Bghbjs pueaokgs dg vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs. Mrtìhukj 41¶. Mhhaøe Vgemk Vðokahm. Kjs bghbjs pueaokgs tapaiahmdjs ge gstm Kgy sje dg Mhhaøe

Vgemk Vðokahm. Tmokm 79 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 41 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj eugvj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =-> y 89-42 dg gstm Kgy.

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Mrtìhukj 76¶. Iglaeahadaj. Gk qug lmtmrm m uem lu`gr pjr su hjedahaøe dg tmk y om`j humkquagrm dg kms

sanuagetgs harhuestmehams, sgrí hmstanmdj hje pgem pravmtavm dg kaogrtmd dg dagz m trgaetm mýjs, humedj0 m) Gk mutjr lmetgenm j buoagsg lmetgeadj hje km vìhtalm uem rgkmhaøe hjeyunmk, dg hjevavgeham, pmrg`m j mightavadmd ge humkquagr taglpj3 o) Gxastm vìehukj dg pmrgetgshj getrg km vìhtalm y gk mutjr, dgetrj dgk humrtj nrmdj dg hjesmenuaeadmd y sgnuedj dg miaeadmd3 h) Km lugrtg jhurrm hjlj rgsuktmdj dg bmogrsg hjlgtadj hje metgrajradmd ue hahkj dg vajkgeham iìsahm, sgxumk, psahjkønahm j pmtraljeamk hjetrm km vìhtalm aedgpgedagetglgetg dg qug kjs bghbjs bmyme sadj dgeuehamdjs j ej3 d) Km vìhtalm sg buoagrg gehjetrmdj ge uem satumhaøe dg suojrdaemhaøe j dgpgedgeham rgspgtj dgk mutjr, j gstg sg buoagrm mprjvghbmdj dg km satumhaøe dg vukegrmoakadmd iìsahm j psìquahm dg km vìhtalm pmrm hjlgtgr gk bghbj3 g) Hje metgrajradmd gk mutjr bmym hjlgtadj hjetrm km vìhtalm bghbjs pueaokgs hjetrm km mutjejlìm sgxumk3 j, i) Gk bghbj bmym sadj ljtavmdj pjr km egnmhaøe dg km vìhtalm m gstmokghgr uem rgkmhaøe dg pmrg`m pgrlmegetg j hmsumk. Tmokm 7> - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 76 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj eugvj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =-> y 89-42 dg gstm Kgy

Hjlgetmrajs0

Hje gstg Mrtìhukj sg aehjrpjrm mk Xastglm @urìdahj dg Vmrmnumy gk dgkatj dg iglaeahadaj.

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Hmpìtukj YAAA0 Daspjsahajegs iaemkgs. Mrtìhukj 7=¶. Yangeham. Km prgsgetg Kgy getrmrí ge vangeham = (ue) mýj dgspuás dg su puokahmhaøe

smkvj gk Mrtìhukj 76 qug sg mpkahmrí mk dìm sanuagetg dg su puokahmhaøe. Tmokm 72 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 7= dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj E¶ 44 ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Yangeham dg gstm kgy. Gstm Kgy getrmrí ge vangeham m kjs =26 (hagetj jhbgetm) dìms dg su puokahmhaøe. Xae jtrms ljdaiahmhajegs

Mrtìhukj 7?¶. Dgrjnmhaøe dg daspjsahajegs hjetrmrams. ]ugdme dgrjnmdms tjdms mqugkkms

daspjsahajegs qug hjetrmdanme m kms hjetgeadms ge km prgsgetg Kgy. Tmokm 71 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 7? d g km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtahukj E¶ 47 ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Xae ljdaiahmhajegs

Mrtìhukj 78¶. Yangeham dg km Kgy E¶ =966/66 ‛Hjetrm km Yajkgeham Djlástahm“ y Hødanj

Vgemk. Km prgsgetg Kgy ej dgrjnm ea ljdaiahm kj daspugstj ge km E¶ =966/66 ‛Hjetrm km Yajkgeham

Djlástahm“, qug lmetageg su vangeham, msì hjlj kjs tapjs pgemkgs gstmokghadjs ge gk Hødanj

Vgemk. Tmokm 96 - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 78 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj eugvj.

Hjehjrdmehams0

Mrtìhukjs =->, 89, 8> y 46 dg gstm Kgy

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Mrtìhukj 74¶. _gnkmlgetmhaøe. Gk Vjdgr G`ghutavj rgnkmlgetmrí gstm Kgy m kjs 16 (ejvgetm) dìms

dg su puokahmhaøe. Tmokm 9= - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 74 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj E¶ 49 ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Xae ljdaiahmhajegs

Mrtìhukj 77¶. Hjlueìqugsg mk Vjdgr G`ghutavj.

Mprjomdj gk Vrjyghtj dg Kgy pjr km bjejrmokg Hílmrm dg Xgemdjrgs, m daghasagtg dìms dgk lgs dg ejvaglorg dgk mýj djs lak daghasáas, qugdmedj smehajemdj gk laslj pjr km Bjejrmokg Hílmrm dg Daputmdjs, m sgas dìms dgk lgs dg dahaglorg dgk mýj djs lak daghasáas, dg hjeijrladmd hje kj daspugstj ge gk Mrtìhukj ?6> eulgrmk =) dg km Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk. Tmokm 9? - Vraehapmkgs hjehjrdmehams y hjlgetmrajs mk Mrtìhukj 77 dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9


Mrtìhukj E¶ 4> ge km prjpugstm jranaemk. Xae ljdaiahmhajegs

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_gsuktmdjs dg kms getrgvastms Getrg kjs dìms =6 dg ùkaj y 7 dg mnjstj sg rgmkazmrje haehj getrgvastms m pgrsjems hjesadgrmdms hkmvg pjr su rgkgvmeham ge sus hmrnjs hjlj mktms jiahamkgs dg Njoagrej, hjlj gk hmsj dg km Laeastrm Mkaham Vuhbgtm dg Hjrrgm, Laeastrm dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham rgspjesmokg dg km Xghrgtmrìm dg Náegrj y dg km Darghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham, m km Xghrgtmrìm dg Náegrj dgk Vjdgr @udahamk, Xakvam Køpgz Xmia, m km Darghtjrm dgk Xgrvahaj dg Mtgehaøe m km Lu`gr (XGDMLW_) dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr, Nrmhagkm Pgkmym, m km hjjrdaemdjrm dg HKMDGL Vmrmnumy, Gkom Eðýgz3 y m km prjpjegetg y laglorj jranaemk dgk gquapj rgdmhtjr dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9, Hmrlge Hjkmzj. Msalaslj, hjlj rgsuktmdj ej gspgrmdj dgk prjhgsj, sg hugetm hje kms dghkmrmhajegs rgmkazmdms pjr mloms Laeastrms, pjr km Lmnastrmdm Lmrìm Lgrhgdgs Oujengrlaea Vmkuloj hjkmojrmdjrm táheahm dg náegrj dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham y gk gxsghrgtmram dg Náegrj dg km aestatuhaøe, y dg km mhtumk Xghrgtmram dg Náegrj, Xakvam Køpgz Xmia ge jhmsaøe dg km prgsgetmhaøe dgk Vrjtjhjkj dg Mhhaøe Aetgraestatuhajemk metg km lugrtg vajkgetm, tgetmtavm dg lugrtg y vajkgeham dg mktj ragsnj rgmkazmdm pjr su pmrg`m j gxpmrg`m, V_JLWYA LW@G_, rgmkazmdm gk dìm > dg ùkaj dgk mýj ?6=>. Km trmeshraphaøe dg kjs hjlgetmrajs rgkgvmetgs m gstm aevgstanmhaøe, sg gehugetrm daspjeaokgs ge gk Megxj ?.

Xjorg gk mkhmehg km hjevgehajemkadmd ge km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9.

Ge ngegrmk, tjdms kms pgrsjems getrgvastmdms hjaehadge qug, muequg dg lmegrm dghkmrmtavm, km Kgy dg Vrjtghhaøe Aetgnrmk m kms Lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham aehjrpjrm gkglgetjs hjevgehajemkgs ge km dgshraphaøe, iaegs y jo`gtavj dg km prjtghhaøe dgk Gstmdj. Km prgjhupmhaøe ngegrmk gstuvj lmrhmdm pjr km aehmpmhadmd dg km Kgy ge sgýmkmr mspghtjs jpgrmtavjs gspghìiahjs ge lmtgram prgsupugstmram, ge km rgnkmlgetmhaøe dg lghmeasljs dg hjetrjk m kms aestmehams pðokahms y pravmdms mightmdms y ge km gightavm pgrsghuhaøe pgemk y prjhgdalagetjs ?82

pmrm qug kms eaýms, kms lu`grgs mdjkgshgetgs, kms lu`grgs mduktms y kms lu`grgs mduktms pugdme, ùetj hje kms pgrsjems dg su nrupj imlakamr mightmdj pjr kms dastaetms ijrlms dg vajkgeham pugdme bmhgr usj dg km prjtghhaøe jirghadm.

Xjorg gk mkhmehg dg km aeikugeham dgk sjit-kmw ge km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9.

Ge gk laslj sgetadj m kms ejrlms hjevgehajemkgs, sg sgýmkø km lgehaøe aedarghtm dg rghjlgedmhajegs, smehajegs j tgxtj ej hjevgehajemkgs qug bmhge pmrtg dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Ge djs jhmsajegs sg bazj uem lgehaøe gspghìiahm m km pgrdadm dg jpjrtueadmd dg aehjrpjrmr km _ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 dg HGDM^ ge humetj m vaehukmr ijrlmklgetg m km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs hjlj uem ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe ge su hmríhtgr dg líxalm gxprgsaøe dg vajkgeham omsmdm ge msalgtrìms dg náegrj. Jtrjs hjlgetmrajs.

Hjeiarlmedj gk meíkasas rgmkazmdj ge km aevgstanmhaøe, sg bazj lgehaøe m km rgkgvmeham dg aehjrpjrmr ougems príhtahms rgsuktmetgs dg km mpkahmhaøe dg km Kgy =966/?666 ‛Hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm“ y m km musgeham dg ue lìealj prgsupugstmraj, dg lghmeasljs dg hjetrjk y ge pmrtahukmr dg km tapaiahmhaøe dg smehajegs qug gstmokgzhme kjs tapjs pgemkgs pgrsgnuaokgs pjr mhhaøe pgemk pðokahm ge trgs dg kms haehj getrgvastms.

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Hjehkusajegs Ge humetj m kms prgnuetms dg aevgstanmhaøe.

Dgk meíkasas dg km Kgy sg josgrvm qug sì sg bm pjdadj aehjrpjrmr ge sastglm ùrìdahj pmrmnumyj uem Kgy qug geueham kms praehapmkgs rghjlgedmhajegs y praehapajs prjpajs dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs3 pgrj qug, m pgsmr dg gstm aehjrpjrmhaøe, ej bm saneaiahmdj ue mvmehg m km kgnaskmhaøe ym gxastgetg ge lmtgram dg prjtghhaøe m kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham y sa ej sg hjlpkglgetm hje eugvms ejrlms qug hjetraouyme dg lmegrm giahmz y giahagetg m km grrmdahmhaøe y smehaøe dg km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs, pjdrìm saneaiahmr km vajkmhaøe dgk praehapaj dg prjnrgsavadmd. Mdglís dg gstms ejvgdmdgs ge gk íloatj pgemk, prjomokglgetg kjs lís nrmedgs mpjrtgs dg km Kgy sgme0 (a) km nmrmetìm dg dgigesm nrmtuatm m hmrnj dgk Gstmdj mlpkamedj kj qug ym sg bmoìm bghbj hje gk iugrj dg km eaýgz y Mdjkgshgeham ge vartud dg km Kgy =926/?66= y (aa) km ijrlmkazmhaøe dg mknuems príhtahms qug ym sg vgeìme aestmkmedj ge km mpkahmhaøe dg km Kgy =966/?666 hjlj km prjbaoahaøe dg km lgdamhaøe j hjehakamhaøe, km mpkahmhaøe dg lgdadms dg urngeham ge rgkmhaøe m eaýgz y mdjkgshgeham ge gk iugrj dg @uznmdjs dg Vmz y km mpkahmhaøe dg kjs prjtjhjkjs y prjhgdalagetjs pjkahamkgs rgigrgetgs m vajkgeham djlástahm, aetrmimlakamr y dg náegrj j km mutjrazmhaøe, dg ijrlm gxhgphajemk dg aenrgsmr m tjdj djlahakaj pravmdj humedj tuvagrge uem dgeueham j gxastme gkglgetjs igbmhagetgs dg ragsnj dg vadm g aetgnradmd iìsahm dg uem lu`gr. Kjs hjlprjlasjs msuladjs sg hulpkge pmrhamklgetg. Ge humetj m mqugkkjs rgkmtavjs m lu`grgs ge su davgrsadmd, lgehajemedj dg lmegrm ngeárahm ge su Mrtìhukj 8 qug su íloatj dg mpkahmhaøe aehkuyg ‛m kms lu`grgs, sae eaenðe tapj dg dashralaemhaøe“. Xae glomrnj, mk ej gxhkuar gxprgsmlgetg m kms pgrsjems hje adgetadmd dg náegrj iglgeaem y m quagegs su sgxj rghjejhadj ge

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gk emhalagetj grm gk dg lu`gr, pjdrìm aetgrprgtmrsg qug tmloaáe gstíe aehkuadms m km prjtghhaøe hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham. Ge humetj m kj eaýms y lu`grgs mdjkgshgetgs, gs gxprgsmlgetg aehkuygetg y mlpkam mk aehkuar tmloaáe m kjs eaýjs y mdjkgshgetgs vmrjegs om`j su prjtghhaøe. Ge gstm kìegm, km gxprgsaøe ‛prjljvgr y nmrmetazmr gk dgrghbj dg kms lu`grgs m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham (Mrtìhukj ?) dgog aetgrprgtmrsg pjr km nmrmetìm dg prjtghhaøe durmetg tjdm km vadm dg uem lu`gr, dgsdg su emhalagetj bmstm su lugrtg. Ge rgkmhaøe hje km mpkahmhaøe dg praehapajs y pgrspghtavm dg náegrj, y hjlj iugrm hjeiarlmdj ge kms getrgvastms, sg gxhkuygrje prglgdatmdmlgetg tjdjs kjs mrtìhukjs j aehasjs qug aehkuìme km pmkmorm náegrj. Xae glomrnj, luhbjs dg kjs praehapajs ngegrmkgs dg km tgjrìm dg vajkgeham omsmdm ge msalgtrìms dg náegrj pgrsastagrje ge sus praehapajs ngegrmkgs (jo`gtj, iaemkadmd, íloatj dg mpkahmhaøe, dgrghbjs prjtgnadjs, dgiaeahajegs, ijrlms dg vajkgeham y praehapajs rghtjrgs). Dg gstm lmegrm, sg rghjejhg gk dgrghbj m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham, km ej dashralaemhaøe irgetg mk Gstmdj, km kaogrtmd dg pgesmlagetjs, hjeshageham y gxprgsaøe, gk dgrghbj dg prjpagdmd, km aetaladmd y km almnge, km pkmeaiahmhaøe imlakamr y km smkud lmtgrej aeimetak, gk dgrghbj m km gduhmhaøe, mk trmom`j danej y km sgnuradmd sjhamk, m pmrtahapmr ge msuetjs pðokahjs, sg dgiaege ijrlms dg vajkgeham omsmdms ge rgkmhajegs dg pjdgr hjlj km psahjkønahm, hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs, pmtraljeamk y ghjeølahm, kmojrmk, pjkìtahm, jostátrahm, lgdaítahm, tgkglítahm, aestatuhajemk y hjetrm km daneadmd. Ge gspghamk, ge kj rgkmtavj m kms hjlpgtgehams dgk Laeastgraj dg Gduhmhaøe y Hagehams, sg gspghaiahm Mrtìhukj =8.d0 _gvasmr y mhtumkazmr kjs kaorjs dg tgxtj y lmtgramkgs dadíhtahjs utakazmdjs ge gk sastglm gduhmtavj hje km iaemkadmd dg ijlgetmr km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs, jpjrtueadmdgs, trmtj y

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rgsuktmdjs dg kms lu`grgs hje rgkmhaøe m kjs bjlorgs, ge ngegrmk y praehapmklgetg ge km gduhmhaøe aedìngem.

Ge humetj m km pgrspghtavm y praehapajs dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, sjkmlgetg sg lgehajem gspghìiahmlgetg km hugstaøe aedìngem, muequg ej dg lmegrm trmesvgrsmk, saej qug ge hugstajegs rgkmtavms m gduhmhaøe. Muequg ej trmeshraog eaenuem dgiaeahaøe hjevgehajemk, km tjtmkadmd dg kjs mrtìhukjs memkazmdjs sg aeiagrge ge darghtm j aedarghtmlgetg rgkmhaøe m tgxtjs qug bmhge pmrtg dg hjevgehajegs aetgremhajemkgs, rghjlgedmhajegs j djhulgetjs rgkmtavjs m gstms. M pgsmr dg gstj, km musgeham dg km pgrspghtavm dg náegrj j su lgehaøe ijrlmk pjdrìm pjegr ge dudm km giahmham ge km aetgehajemkadmd dg km ejrlm pmrm km ljdaiahmhaøe dg pmtrjegs sjhajhukturmkgs qug prjlugvge km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y, ge pmrtahukmr, km dgoadm ijrlmhaøe y hmpmhatmhaøe dg quagegs bmhge pmrtg dg km iuehaøe pðokahm, dgk sastglm dg prjtghhaøe y ùrasdahhajemk ge gk lmrhj dg km vajkgeham qug suirge kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms. Xg josgrvm ue mktj nrmdj dg hjehjrdmeham ge gkglgetjs qug gstíe prgsgetgs ge gk tgxtj dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 hje praehapajs, ejrlms y rghjlgedmhajegs dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Ge gspghamk sg josgrvm uem hkmrm aeikugeham dg km Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr, Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí, dg _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg tjdm ijrlm dg Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr, dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y dg kjs Gxílgegs Vgraødahjs Weavgrsmkgs. Xae glomrnj, ge humetj m su aetgnrmkadmd, m pgsmr dg aehjrpjrmr gk tapj pgemk dg iglaeahadaj, aehjrpjrmr km hjlpgtgeham dg km Dgigesjrìm Vðokahm ge km mtgehaøe m lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham y mlpkamr km hjlpgtgeham ge gk iugrj pgemk dg kjs @uznmdjs dg Vmz, ej gs suiahagetg ?4?

pmrm dghar qug km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 rgikg`m gk hjehgptj dg aetgnrmkadmd qug rgquagrg hulpkar hje gkglgetjs dg prgvgehaøe, smehaøe y grrmdahmhaøe. Xg josgrvm tmloaáe km musgeham dg gkglgetjs dg hjetrjk mdlaeastrmtavj y rgnukmtjraj ge lmtgram dg km ijrlm ge km qug hulpkarí hje km prgvgehaøe y pgrsghuhaøe dg km lmyjrìm dg kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham dgiaeadms ge gk Mrtìhukj 9. Msalaslj, muequg ej gstmokghg ue lìealj prgsupugstmraj, sì sg sgýmkm qug sg dgogrí aehkuar prgsupugstj pmrm km alpkglgetmhaøe dg gstm kgy ge gk Vrgsupugstj Ngegrmk dg Nmstjs dg km Emhaøe. Ge humetj m kjs jo`gtavjs dg km aevgstanmhaøe.

Xg hjeiarlm km giahmham dgk hjetrjk dg hjevgehajemkadmd ge gk prjhgsj dg rgdmhhaøe dg kgygs dg prjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs m pmrtar dgk meíkasas dg km Kgy dg Vrjtghhaøe Aetgnrmk m kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham. Hjlj sg lgehajeø metgrajrlgetg, muequg sg bme ljdaiahmdj kms dgiaeahajegs prjpams dg kjs praehapmkgs hjlprjlasjs aetgremhajemkgs vaehukmdjs m kjs dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs, km Hjevgehaøe hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe bmham km lu`gr y km Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, gstms dgiaeahajegs bmhgr pmrtg dgk tgxtj dg kms Kgygs qug hjeiarlmrje su rmtaiahmhaøe y pjstgrajr aehjrpjrmhaøe mk Xastglm @urìdahj Vmrmnumyj vangetg. Ge humetj m aestrulgetjs gspghìiahjs dg kjs humkgs glmeme hjlprjlasjs aetgremhajemkgs rgkmtavjs m Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs, sg adgetaiahmrje mk lgejs =60 Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr3 Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs3 Hjevgehaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs dgk eaýj3 Hjevgehaøe hjetrm km tjrturm, Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs3 Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg ?48

Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs3 Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr3 Vrjtjhjkj Mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge lmtgram dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs3 Vrjtjhjkj dg Vmkgrlj rgkmtavj m Trmtm dg Vgrsjems3 Hjevgeaj =91 dg km JAT rgkmtavj pugokjs aedìngems3 Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg. Ge humetj m rghjlgedmhajegs y ejrlms dg sjit-kmw vaehukmdms hje hjlprjlasjs aetgremhajemkgs rgkmtavjs m Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs, sg adgetaiahmrje mk lgejs ?2 djhulgetjs qug rgikg`me rghjlgedmhajegs j hjlprjlasjs vaehukmdjs mk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, aehkuygedj m kj gstmokghadj mk rgspghtj dg km gduhmhaøe y sgesaoakazmhaøe ge adajlms aedìngems, ge kj rgigradj m km lmtgram dg km kgy, ge kms sgetgehams dg kjs hmsjs0 Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Qmcyg Mxm Ys. Vmrmnumy, Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Xmwbjymlmxm Ys. Vmrmnumy y Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Rícljc Císgc Ys. Vmrmnumy. Msalaslj, iug pjsaokg mpkahmr km bgrrmlagetm dasgýmdm ge vartud m km hjesadgrmhaøe dg qug kjs Ørnmejs dg Trmtmdj vanakme y gvmkðme ge quá lgdadm kjs Gstmdjs rgspjedge m sus jokanmhajegs aetgremhajemkgs m pmrtar dg kjs tgxtjs dg kms Hjevgehajegs Aetgremhajemkgs, utakazmedj km kønahm dgk Mktj Hjlasajemdj dg kms Emhajegs Weadms pmrm kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs (JMHEWDB) pmrm gk dasgýj dg aedahmdjrgs sjorg gkglgetjs gstruhturmkgs, dg prjhgsjs y dg rgsuktmdjs vaehukmdjs Hjevgehajegs Aetgremhajemkgs, Hjevgehajegs Aetgrmlgrahmems, _ghjlgedmhajegs u jtrjs hjlprjlasjs suprmemhajemkgs y gspghìiahjs m dashralaemhaøe hjetrm lu`grgs y eaýms j vajkgeham omsmdm ge msalgtrìms dg náegrj ge km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9. Vudagedj vgraiahmr km suiahagetg gxastgeham dg rgsjkuhajegs, lmedmtjs u jtrms aestmehams qug glmege dg km Kgy qug hulpkme hje km rgspjesmoakadmd aetgremhajemk dgk Gstmdj dg prjljvgr, rgspgtmr, prjtgngr y nmrmetazmr kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. ?44

Kjs aedahmdjrgs gstruhturmkgs dglugstrme km gxastgeham j ej dg uem ejrlm, rghjlgedmhaøe j hjlprjlasj suprmemhajemk ge gk humk sg bmym omsmdj mknðe mrtìhukj dg km Kgy ge meíkasas, hjesadgrmedj qug ‛rgikg`me km rmtaiahmhaøe y mdjphaøe dg aestrulgetjs ùrìdahjs y km gxastgeham dg lghmeasljs aestatuhajegs oísahjs qug sg hjesadgrge eghgsmrajs pmrm imhakatmr km rgmkazmhaøe dg ue dgrghbj bulmej. _gikg`me gk hjlprjlasj j km aetgehaøe dgk Gstmdj dg mdjptmr lgdadms pmrm bmhgr gightavj gsg dgrghbj (…) dgoge rgikg`mr kms pjkìtahms y kms gstrmtgnams dg Gstmdj pgrtaegetgs m gsg dgrghbj.“=6= Kjs aedahmdjrgs dg prjhgsjs adgetaiahme mqugkkms rgsjkuhajegs, lmedmtjs u jtrms aestmehams qug glmege dg km Kgy jo`gtj dg meíkasas y qug hjetraouyme m ‛rgikg`mr tjdms kms lgdadms (prjnrmlms pðokahjs g aetgrvgehajegs hjehrgtms) qug ue Gstmdj gstí mdjptmedj pmrm lmtgramkazmr su aetgehaøe j hjlprjlasj dg mkhmezmr kjs rgsuktmdjs qug hjrrgspjedge m km rgmkazmhaøe dg ue dgtgrlaemdj dgrghbj bulmej=6?. Kjs aedahmdjrgs dg rgsuktmdjs adgetaiahme mqugkkms rgsjkuhajegs, lmedmtjs u jtrms aestmehams qug glmege dg gstm Kgy y qug hjetraouyme m dgljstrmr km rgmkazmhaøe dg ue dgrghbj bulmej, pugstj qug su alpkglgetmhaøe gightavm pgrlatarí ‛rgikg`m(r) kjs gightjs mhulukmdjs dg davgrsjs prjhgsjs suoymhgetgs.“=68 Hje rgkmhaøe m km giahmham dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 ge gk Xastglm @urìdahj pmrmnumyj qug rgspjedg m kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham ge kjs íloatjs djlástahj g aetrmimlakamr, sg hjlprugom qug sg vaehukm sae hjetrmdahhajegs hje gk sastglm ùrìdahj vangetg.

=6=

JMHEWDB (?662) Ae ijrlg sjorg kjs aedahmdjrgs pmrm Vrjljvgr y Yanakmr gk G`grhahaj dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. B_A/LH/?662/8. Vírr.=2 =6? Aoadgl, pírr. =1 =68

Aoadgl, pírr..?=

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Gk rgsuktmdj dg gstg meíkasas sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge gk Megxj 8. Tmokm 98 - Aedahmdjrgs dg lgdahaøe dg km lugstrm

Tapj dg Aedahmdjrgs Aedahmdjrgs gstruhturmkgs

Aedahmdjrgs prjhgsjs dg

Aedahmdjrgs dg rgsuktmdjs

Aedahmdjr

Dgsmnrgnmhaøe

Eðlgrj dg Mrtìhukjs rgkgvmdjs qug gstmokghge j rgiagrge hjlprjlasjs dg ue Gstmdj pmrtg vaehukmdjs mk dgrghbj dg ej dashralaemhaøe hjlj ijrlm dg vajkgeham y vajkgeham omsmdm ge msalgtrìms dg náegrj m lu`grgs y eaýms. Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 qug sg iuedmlgetme ge ue djhulgetj dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 qug sg iuedmlgetme ge ue djhulgetj dgk Xastglm Weavgrsmk dg Vrjtghhaøe Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 qug sg iuedmlgetme ue djhulgetj dgk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej dg Vrjtghhaøe Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 qug sg iuedmlgetme ge ue djhulgetj dg uem aestmeham qug ej sgm gk Xastglm Weavgrsmk j Aetgrmlgrahmej

Tapj dg Xastglm mk qug rgspjedg. Vjr tapj dg dgrghbj. Vjr hahkj dg vadm. Tapj dg Xastglm mk qug rgspjedg

Hmetadmd y lgdadms pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 qugge ue gstmokghge hjehrgtms pmrm bmhgr gightavjs dgrghbjs djhulgetj dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 gstmokghge lgdadms hjehrgtms pmrm bmhgr gightavjs dgrghbjs ge ue djhulgetj dgk Xastglm Weavgrsmk dg Vrjtghhaøe Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 qug gstmokghge lgdadms hjehrgtms pmrm bmhgr gightavjs dgrghbjs ue djhulgetj dgk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej dg Vrjtghhaøe Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 gstmokghge lgdadms hjehrgtms pmrm bmhgr gightavjs dgrghbjs ge ue djhulgetj dg uem aestmeham qug ej sgm gk Xastglm Weavgrsmk j Aetgrmlgrahmej Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 gstmokghge lgdadms hjehrgtms pmrm dgljstrmr gk hulpkalagetj dg

Tapjrgspjedg dg Xastglm mk qug

dgrghbjs ge ue djhulgetj dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe Eðlgrj dg lgdadms gstmokghadms Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 gstmokghge lgdadms hjehrgtms qug hjetraouyge pmrm dgljstrmr gk hulpkalagetj dg dgrghbjs ge ue djhulgetj dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe Eðlgrj dg lgdadms gstmokghadms

Tapj dg djhulgetj Tapj dg djhulgetj Vjr aestmeham Vjr tapj dg djhulgetj

Tapj dg djhulgetj Tapj dg djhulgetj Vjr aestmeham

Tapj dg Xastglm mk qug rgspjedg Vjr tapj dg lgdadm Tapj dg Xastglm mk qug rgspjedg Vjr tapj dg lgdadm

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_ghjlgedmhajegs Xungrgehams dg kìegm dg mhhaøe ge omsg m kjs rgsuktmdjs, rgkmtavms m km rgspugstm m km vajkgeham qug suirge kms lu`grgs y kms eaýms.

Xg rghjlagedm ijrtmkghgr km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 hje mdgedms qug gstmokgzhme hjrrghtavms m kjs vmhìjs ge tárlaejs dg pgrsghuhaøe pgemk pmrm km hjrrghtm adgetaiahmhaøe y smehaøe dg kms dgiaeahajegs dg vajkgeham qug km laslm kgy prjpjeg ge su Mrtìhukj 9, hjlj ge hmsj dg vajkgeham sgxumk, hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs, kmojrmk, pjkìtahm, jostátrahm, lgdaítahm, tgkglítahm, saloøkahm, aestatuhajemk y hjetrm km daneadmd3 y ijrlukg uem hkmrm vaehukmhaøe ge kms qug pjdrìm sgr mpkahmdm km Kgy =966/?666 ge rgigrgeham m vajkgeham psahjkønahm, pmtraljeamk y ghjeølahm g aetrmimlakamr. Msalaslj, prjljvgr ljdaiahmhajegs m km Kgy pmrm aehjrpjrmr km pgrspghtavm dg náegrj hjlj praehapaj rghtjr (Mrtìhukj >)3 ue prgsupugstj lìealj vaehukmdj m _ghursjs dgk Tgsjrj Vðokahj j km lgehaøe dg km hrgmhaøe dg uem iugetg prgsupugstmram aestatuhajemk qug ia`g ue pjrhgetm`g lìealj (Mrtìhukj 2)3 gk hjesgetalagetj aeijrlmdj ge lmtgram dg hjeiadgehamkadmd (Mrtìhukj 1)3 km aehkusaøe dg gduhmhaøe y sgesaoakazmhaøe pmrm km prgvgehaøe dg vajkgeham sgxumk ge lmtgram gduhmtavm (Mrtìhukj =8)3 km aehkusaøe dg lghmeasljs y prjhgdalagetjs dg mhjlpmýmlagetj y smehaøe irgetg m Yajkgeham Lgdaítahm (Mrtìhukj =4) j Tgkglítahm (Mrtìhukj =7). Xungrgehams dg prjyghtjs pmrm jtrms pgrsjems aevgstanmdjrms aetgrgsmdms ge gk tglm, rgkmtavms m eugvms j sanuagetgs aevgstanmhajegs

Xg adgetaiahme djs pjtgehamkgs kìegms dg aevgstanmhaøe m pmrtar dgk meíkasas dg hjevgehajemkadmd dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=90 km pralgrm vaehukmdm hje kjs gkglgetjs lìealjs qug dgogríe hjetgegr tjdms kms bgrrmlagetms y lghmeasljs mdlaeastrmtavjs qug dgogríe sgr hrgmdjs pmrm su mpkahmhaøe m pmrtar dg kastmdj dg hjevgehajegs y jtrjs djhulgetjs qug glmeme dg gstjs ge hmdm mrtìhukj memkazmdj3 y km sgnuedm, ge humetj m km mpkahmhaøe ijrlmk dg km laslm ge lmtgram dg prgvgehaøe, ?4>

smehaøe y grrmdahmhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham qug suirge kms lu`grgs ge Vmrmnumy utakazmedj gk laslj meíkasas. Mdahajemklgetg, kms aestatuhajegs pjdríe mdmptmr y utakazmr km tmokm dg nuìm pmrm gk meíkasas ge omsg m km kønahm dg aedahmdjrgs dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg km Jiahaem dgk Mktj Hjlasajemdj dg kms Emhajegs Weadms pmrm kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, pmrm hrgmr sus prjpajs aedahmdjrgs gstruhturmkgs, dg prjhgsj y dg rgsuktmdj. _gkmtavms mk hjejhalagetj dg km hageham

Km prgsgetg aevgstanmhaøe sg bm gelmrhmdj ge hjeiarlmr km gxastgeham ijrlmk dgk vìehukj dgk Xastglm @urìdahj emhajemk hje gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs ge ijrlm dg uem Kgy Aetgnrmk qug sagetm kms omsgs pmrm uem mhhaøe aetrm g aetgraestatuhajemk ge tjdj gk Gstmdj Vmrmnumyj pmrm km prjtghhaøe m kms lu`grgs, sae eaenuem dashralaemhaøe, irgetg m tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham.

?42

Lmrhj prjyghtj Kìegms dg mhhaøe sungradms rgkmtavms m pjkìtahms pðokahms sghtjramkgs.

Xg dgoge prjsgnuar hje kjs gsiugrzjs dg hjetmr hje rgnkmlgetjs, prjtjhjkjs y prjhgdalagetjs pmrm km gightavm mpkahmhaøe dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9, ge pmrtahukmr m kj qug rgiagrg m kms aestmehams dgk Vjdgr G`ghutavj dastaetms mk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr, kms Njogremhajegs y Lueahapmkadmdgs. Gs prajratmraj qug sg alpkglgetge gk Xastglm Ðeahj dg Gstmedmrazmhaøe y _gnastrj (Mrtìhukj 86) y gk Josgrvmtjraj dg Dgrghbj dg kms Lu`grgs m uem Yadm Kaorg dg Yajkgeham (Mrtìhukj 8=) pmrm pjdgr adgetaiahmr kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham qug dgome hjetmr hje mhhajegs prajratmrams pmrm gk dasgýj dg pjkìtahms, pkmegs, prjnrmlms y prjyghtjs qug rgspjedme m km prgvgehaøe, smehaøe y grrmdahmhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. Gs Gstmdj dgog mvmezmr ge km dashusaøe rgkmtavm m km prjluknmhaøe dg uem Kgy hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe y ge gk rghjejhalagetj dg qug km laslm vajkgeham qug mightm m kms pgrsjems qug emhge oajkønahmlgetg hjlj lu`grgs, mightm m mqugkkms pgrsjems qug sg adgetaiahme hjlj tmkgs y gs su rgspjesmoakadmd prjtgngrkms dg gsm vajkgeham.

?41

Oaokajnrmiìm Oaokajnrmiìm hjesuktmdm. •

ZZZZZZ (?662), ‛Hjestatuhaøe dg km _gpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy. Tgxtj iaemk hjehjrdmdj y mejtmdj, Tjlj AY, Kaorj Ejvgej. Hjenrgsj Emhajemk dg km _gpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy Gdatjramk Aetgrhjetaegetmk, Msuehaøe.

•

Hmshj Vmnmej, B. (?6=?) ‛Hødanj Vrjhgsmk Havak, hjlgetmdj y hjehjrdmdj“. Msuehaøe.

•

HGVMK (?66>), ‛¡Ea uem lís! Gk dgrghbj m vavar uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham ge Mlárahm Kmtaem y gk Hmraog. Gxmlge y gvmkumhaøe dg km Dghkmrmhaøe y km Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen y gk djhulgetj iaemk dgk vanásalj tgrhgr pgrìjdj gxtrmjrdaemraj dg sgsajegs dg km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk (?666) ge pmìsgs dg Mlárahm Kmtaem y gk Hmraog“, aeádatj.

•

Hkmdgl (?662), ‛Nuìm dg hmpmhatmhaøe0 Náegrj, mhhgsj m km ùstaham y vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs pmrm jpgrmdjrgs y jpgrmdjrms dg ùstaham“. Hjlatá Kmtaejmlgrahmej dg Dgigesm dg kjs Dgrghbjs dg kms Lu`grgs, Ijedj dg Vjokmhaøe dg kms Emhajegs Weadms y Ijedj dg Dgsmrrjkkj dg kms Emhajegs Weadms pmrm km Lu`gr. Msuehaøe.

•

Hkmdgl (?6==), ‛Kjs Kgetgs dg Náegrj ge km @ustaham Aetgremhajemk. Tgedgehams dg km @urasprudgeham dgk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs rgkmhajemdm m kjs Dgrghbjs dg kms Lu`grgs“. Hjlatá Kmtaejmlgrahmej dg Dgigesm dg kjs Dgrghbjs dg kms Lu`grgs, Hkmdgl, Kalm

•

Hkmdgl (?6=4), ‛Nuìm Lgtjdjkønahm0 Mhhgsj m km @ustaham y Grrmdahmhaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm kms Lu`grgs - Miarlmedj dgrghbjs y dgsmrrjkkmedj hmpmhadmdgs“. Hjlatá Kmtaejmlgrahmej dg Dgigesm dg kjs Dgrghbjs dg kms Lu`grgs, Hkmdgl, Kalm. ?76

•

Dg km Hruz, Hmrlge (?66>), ‛Náegrj, Dgrghbjs y Dgsmrrjkkj Bulmej“, Vrjnrmlm dg kms Emhajegs Weadms pmrm gk Dgsmrrjkkj (Mlárahm Kmtaem Ngegrm / Gshugkm Yartumk dg Dgsmrrjkkj Bulmej), Xme Xmkvmdjr.

•

Kgøe, Lmndmkgem (=119), ‛Lu`gr, náegrj y dgsmrrjkkj. Hjehgphajegs, aestatuhajegs y dgomtgs ge Mlárahm Kmtaem“, ge Gstudajs Oísahjs dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs AY, A estatutj Aetgrmlgrahmej dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, Xme @jsá dg Hjstm _ahm.

•

Emsb, Hkmudaj, gdatjr (?6=7). ‛Humdgreakkj dg @urasprudgeham dg km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs E¶40 Náegrj“. Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y Laeastgraj dg _gkmhajegs Gxtgrajrgs dg Daemlmrhm, Xme @jsá dg Hjstm _ahm.

•

Emsb, Hkmudaj, gdatjr (?6=7) ‛Humdgreakkj dg @urasprudgeham dg km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs E¶>0 Hjetrjk dg Hjevgehajemkadmd“. Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y Laeastgraj dg _gkmhajegs Gxtgrajrgs dg Daemlmrhm, Xme @jsá dg Hjstm _ahm.

•

Várgz Ojuroje, Báhtjr (?66>). Lmeumk dg Táheahm Kgnaskmtavm. - =m gd. ‘ Cjermd Mdgemugr Xtaituen, Ougejs Margs.

Oaokajnrmiìm hatmdm. ZZZZZZZZZZ (=11?) Damraj dg Xgsajegs dg km Hjevgehaøe Emhajemk Hjestatuygetg. •

Damraj Erj. =9 dgk ?8 dg lmrzj dg =11? •

ZZZZZZZZZZZ (=117) Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Humrtm Hjeigrgeham Luedamk sjorg km Lu`gr.

?7=

•

Ojedgr, N. (=114). Lu`gr y gduhmhaøe ge Mlárahm Kmtaem. Bmham km Anumkdmd dg Jpjrtueadmdgs. _gvastm Aogrjmlgrahmem dg Gduhmhaøe. Eðlgrj 9. Jrnmeazmhaøe dg Gstmdjs Aogrjmlgrahmejs.

•

Hmkdgrøe Hjehbm, V. (?661) Tgjrìm dg hjeikahtjs dg @jbme Nmktuen. _gvastm Vmz y hjeikahtjs. Eðlgrj ?, Mýj ?661. Weavgrsadmd dg Nrmemdm

•

@matlme, K. (?6=9). Hralg hjehgetrmtaje med bjt spjt dyemlahs ae Kmtae Mlgrahm. ADO ^jrcaen Vmpgr Xgrags

•

@matlme K. (gdatjrm) (?6=9) Kjs hjstjs dgk hralge y dg km vajkgeham Eugvm gvadgeham y bmkkmznjs ge Mlárahm Kmtaem y gk Hmraog. ADO ^jrcaen Vmpgr Xgrags

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Jssjraj, L. (?669) Dahhajemraj dg Hagehams @urìdahms, Vjkìtahms y Xjhamkgs. Gdatjramk Bgkamstm, Haudmd Mutøejlm dg Ougejs Margs

•

Xtjkkgr, _. (=19>). Gtajkjnahmk imhtjrs ae lmkg trmessgxumkasl. Trmesmhtajes ji tbg Egw Qjrc Mhmdgly ji Xhagehgs. Yjkulge ?1, Gdahaøe 4 Xgrags AA. Igorgrj dg =19>

•

Trapp, Lmrx Igrrgg y Gwaen (?6=8) Ngedgr, vajkgehg med bulme sghuraty. Hratahmk iglaeast pgrspghtavgs. Egw Qjrc Weavgrsaty Vrgss, Egw Qjrc

•

Yízqugz, Medrás (?6==). Lmeumk dg mojrdm`g m km vajkgeham djlástahm, aetrmimlakamr y dg náegrj. Xghrgtmrìm dg km Lu`gr. Msuehaøe.

•

Puo Hgetgej, Lmrhgkm, (?6=9). Yajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs ge Vmrmnumy. Mvmehgs y Dgsmiìjs. JEWLW@G_GX. MN_ X.M. Xgrvahajs Nríiahjs, Msuehaøe.

_gigrgehams djhulgetmkgs praehapmkgs. •

ZZZZZZZZZ (?668). Bulme Xghuraty Ejw. Hjllassaje je Bulme Xghuraty. Egw Qjrc

?7?

•

ZZZZZZZZZ (?6=8) Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj. Vralgrm rgueaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham _gnajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj dg Mlárahm Kmtaem y gk Hmraog. Aetgnrmhaøe pkgem dg km pjokmhaøe y su daeílahm ge gk dgsmrrjkkj sjstgeaokg hje anumkdmd y geijqug dg dgrghbjs0 hkmvg pmrm gk Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg Gk Hmarj dgspuás dg ?6=4. HGVMK. Xmetamnj

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ZZZZZZZZZ (?6=8). _ghjlgedmhajegs dg kms Emhajegs Weadms mk Vmrmnumy. Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs. JMHEWDB y JEWLW@G_GX. Msuehaøe

•

ZZZZZZZZZ (?6=>) Aeijrlg Meumk ?6=9. Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Xme @jsá

•

Hjlasaøe Ghjeølahm pmrm Mlárahm Kmtaem y gk Hmraog (HGVMK), Aeijrlg meumk sjorg gk prjnrgsj y kjs dgsmiìjs rgnajemkgs dg km Mngedm ?686 pmrm gk Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg ge Mlárahm Kmtaem y gk Hmraog (KH/K.4?92(IDX.=/8)/_gv.=), Xmetamnj

•

Hjlatá HGDM^, JEW, HADB (?6=>). Vrjeuehamlagetj hjeùetj dg kjs lghmeasljs aedgpgedagetgs dg kms Emhajegs Weadms y dg kjs lghmeasljs rgnajemkgs dg dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs0 gk Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr (Hjlatá HGDM^)3 km _gkmtjrm Gspghamk dg km JEW sjorg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr3 gk Nrupj dg Trmom`j dg km JEW sjorg km hugstaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr ge gk kgnaskmhaøe y ge km príhtahm3 km _gkmtjrìm sjorg kjs Dgrghbjs dg kms Lu`grgs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs (HADB).

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Ngegvm Dghkmrmtaje Xghrgtmramt (?6=7). Nkjomk Ourdge ji Mrlgd Yajkgehg. Gvgry ojdy hjuets. Hmloradng Weavgrsaty Vrgss

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JEW (?66>) Vraehapajs sjorg km mpkahmhaøe dg km kgnaskmhaøe aetgremhajemk dg dgrghbjs bulmejs ge rgkmhaøe hje km jragetmhaøe sgxumk y km adgetadmd dg náegrj. ?78

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JEW (?6=>). Aeijrlg dgk Gxpgrtj Aedgpgedagetg sjorg km prjtghhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham y km dashralaemhaøe pjr ljtavjs dg jragetmhaøe sgxumk j adgetadmd dg náegrj. M/B_H/87/89

•

WEDV (=114) Meeumk _gpjrt je Bulme Dgvgkjplget. Jxijrd Weavgrsaty Vrgss, Egw Qjrc

Mrtìhukjs pgrajdìstahjs. •

Omamrda, Mem Lmrìm, Laeastrm dg km Lu`gr (9 dg ùkaj dg ?6=>). Xg rgnastrm ue hmsj dg iglaeahadaj hmdm sgas dìms, Damraj MOH Hjkjr. Vmrmnumy

Vínaems ^go. •

Mktj Hjlasajemdj dg kms Emhajegs Weadms pmrm kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs bttp0//www.jbhbr.jrn j

Adgetadmd dg náegrj y DDBB

bttp0//www.jbhbr.jrn/GE/EgwsGvgets/Vmngs/NgedgrAdgetaty_gpjrt.mspx j

Aeijrlg dgk _gkmtjr Gspghamk dg Yajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr

bttp0//mp.jbhbr.jrn/djhulgets/X/HB_/rgsjkutajes/G-HEZ4-_GX-=114-47.djh j

Tgxtj dgk Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs

bttp0//www.jbhbr.jrn/XV/VrjigssajemkAetgrgst/Vmngs/HHV_.mspx j

Tgxtj dgk Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs

bttp0//www.jbhbr.jrn/XV/VrjigssajemkAetgrgst/Vmngs/HGXH_.mspx j

Tgxtj dg km Hjevgehaøe pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr

bttp0//www.jbhbr.jrn/XV/VrjigssajemkAetgrgst/Vmngs/HGDM^.mspx ?74

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Tgxtj dg km Hjevgehaøe Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj

bttp0//www.jbhbr.jrn/XV/VrjigssajemkAetgrgst/Vmngs/H_H.mspx j

_ghjlgedmhajegs dg Emhajegs Weadms m Vmrmnumy sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs

bttp0//www.bhbr.jrn.py/djhs/puokahmhajegs/6?7%?6Dgrghbjs%?6Bulmejs% ?6dg%?6kms%?6Lu`grgs.pdi j

Aeijrlg dg km _gkmtjrm Gspghamk dg Vugokjs aedìngems sjorg Vmrmnumy

bttp0//www.jbhbr.jrn/XV/Assugs/AVgjpkgs/X_AedangejusVgjpkgs/Vmngs/X_AVgj pkgsAedgx.mspx j

Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk ?6=9

bttps0//www.upraeij.jrn/dmtmomsg/aedgx.pbp:kalat<6&iZXW_<=87&iZXL_
Msjhamhaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Laeastgrajs Vðokahjs bttp0//www.mamlp.aeij/ j

Nuìms dg Xmetamnj pmrm km Vrjtghhaøe dg Yìhtalms y Tgstanjs dgk Dgkatj bttp0//www.mamlp.aeij/almngs/djhulgetjs/NuamsXmetamnjGspmejk.pdi

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Hjlasaøe Ghjeølahm pmrm Mlárahm Kmtaem y gk Hmraog bttp0//www.hgpmk.jrn/ j

Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj bttp0//rgpjsatjraj.hgpmk.jrn/oatstrgml/bmedkg/==89?/?=287/4/X?6=8=68>Zgs.pd i ?77

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Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs bttp0//www.hadb.jrn/ j

_ghjlgedmhajegs m Vmrmnumy bttp0//www.hadb.jrn/_gspugstms/Vmrmnumy.68.btl

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Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr j

Hmsj A.Y. Ys. Ojkavam bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ889Zgsp.pdi

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Hmsj Lyrem Lmhc Hbmen vs. Numtglmkm bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/supgrvasajegs/=?ZhmsjsZ?4Z==Z=7.pdi

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Hmsj Taoa vs. Ghumdjr bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ==4Zgsp.pdi Hmsj Mkljdmhad Mrgkkmej gt mk vs. Hbakg bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ=74Zgsp.pdi

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Hmsj Ygkísqugz _jdrìnugz vs. Bjedurms bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ6>Zgsp.pdi

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Jpaeaøe Hjesuktavm 24 bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/jpaeajegs/sgragmZ64Zgsp.pdi

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Hmsj Lmsmhrg Vkme Xíehbgz vs. Numtglmkm bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ=67Zgsp.pdi

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Hmsj dg km Lmsmhrg dg Lmrapapíe vs. Hjkjloam bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ=84Zgsp.pdi

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Hmsj dg km Lmsmhrg Vkme dg Xíehbgz vs. Numtglmkm bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ=67Zgsp.pdi ?79

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Hmsj Igreíedgz Jrtgnm y jtrjs vs. Láxahj bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/lgdadms/igremedgzZsgZ6=.pdi

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Hmsj _jsgedj Hmetð y jtrm vs. Láxahj bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/lgdadms/rjsgedjZsgZ6=.pdi

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Hmsj Hmstrj Hmstrj vs. Vgrð bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ=96Zgsp.pdi

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Hmsj Gspaejzm Njezíkgs vs. Vgrð bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ?17Zgsp.pdi

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Hmsj Hmlpj Mknjdjegrj vs. Láxahj bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ?67Zgsp.pdi

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Hmsj Mtmkm _aiij y eaýms vs. Hbakg bttp0//hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ?81Zgsp.pdi Hmsj Lmsmhrgs dg _ìj Egnrj vs. Numtglmkm bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ?76Zgsp.pdi

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Hmsj Lmsmhrgs dg Gk Ljzjtg y kunmrgs mkgdmýjs vs. Gk Xmkvmdjr bttp0//hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ?7?Zgsp.pdi

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Hmsj Mrtmvam Lurakkj y jtrjs vs. Hjstm _ahm bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ?7>Zgsp.pdi

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Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Qmcyg Mxm vs. Vmrmnumy bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ=4?Zgsp.pdi

j

Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Xmwbjymlmxm vs. Vmrmnumy bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ=49Zgsp?.pdi

j

Hmsj Hjlueadmd aedìngem Rícljc Císgc vs. Vmrmnumy bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ?=4Zgsp.pdi ?7>

j

Msuetj dgk Hgetrj Vgeatgehamraj dg km _gnaøe Medaem rgspghtj m Ygegzugkm bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/lgdadms/hgetrjspgeatgehamrajsZsgZ67.pdi

j

Msuetj O. rgspghtj dg Gk Xmkvmdjr bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/lgdadms/OZsgZ6?.pdi

j

Hmsj Ngklme vs. Wrunumy bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ??=Zgsp=.pdi

j

Hmsj Ygkaz Irmehj vs. Numtglmkm bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ?>>Zgsp.pdi

j

Hmsj Nudagk Íkvmrgz y jtrjs vs. Numtglmkm bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ?78Zgsp=.pdi

j

j

Hmsj @. vs. Vgrð bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ?1=Zgsp.pdi Hmsj Dgigesjr dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y jtrjs vs. Numtglmkm bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ?28Zgsp.pdi

j

Hmsj Y._.V. y Y.V.H. Ys. Eahmrmnum bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/trmlatg/vrpZyZvph.pdi

j

Msuetj Xgkvms Nølgz y Jtrms Ys. Láxahj bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/msuetjs/sgkvmsZivZ=>.pdi

j

Hmsj Laglorjs dg km Mkdgm Hbahbupmh y hjlueadmdgs vghaems dgk Lueahapaj dg _moaemk Ys. Numtglmkm bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ8?2Zgsp.pdi

j

Hmsj Ijregrøe g Ba`m Ys. Mrngetaem bttp0//hjrtgadb.jr.hr/djhs/hmsjs/mrtahukjs/sgraghZ?4?Zgsp.pdi

j

Aeijrlg meumk ?6=9 ?72

bttp0//www.hjrtgadb.jr.hr/tmokms/aeijrlg?6=9/ •

Gstrmtgnam luedamk ?.6 bttp0//nkjomkstrmtgny.gvgrywjlmegvgryhbakd.jrn/ j

Gstrmtgnam Luedamk ?.6 pmrm km Xmkud dg kms Lu`grgs, kjs Eaýjs y kjs Mdjkgshgetgs

j

•

bttp0//nkjomkstrmtgny.gvgrywjlmegvgryhbakd.jrn/

Ijedj dg Vjokmhaøe dg kms Emhajegs Weadms bttp0//www.ueipm.jrn j

Vrjnrmlm dg Mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg Vjokmhaøe y Dgsmrrjkkj bttp0//www.ueipm.jrn/satgs/dgimukt/iakgs/puopdi/prjnrmllgZjiZmhtajeZ^go%?6GENKAXB.pdi

•

Jrnmeazmhaøe dg Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs bttp0//www.jms.jrn j

Hmrtm dg km JGM bttp0//www.jms.jrn/gs/skm/dda/trmtmdjsZluktakmtgrmkgsZaetgrmlgrahmejsZM4=ZhmrtmZJGM.msp

•

Jrnmeazmhaøe Luedamk dg km Xmkud bttp0//www.wbj.aet j

Yajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr ge gk íloatj dg km smkud bttp0//www.wbj.aet/lgdamhgetrg/imhtsbggts/is?81/gs/

•

JEW bttp0//www.ue.jrn

?71

j

Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen bttp0//www.ue.jrn/wjlgewmthb/dmw/ogaàen/pdi/ODViM%?6X.pdi

j

Xgnuradmd Bulmem bttp0//www.ue.jrn/bulmesghuraty/gs/hjetget/gk-hjehgptj-dg-sgnuradmdbulmem

j

Aeijrlg dg Xgnuradmd Bulmem bttp0//www.ue.jrn/bulmesghuraty/satgs/www.ue.jrn.bulmesghuraty/iakgs/hbsZi aemkZrgpjrtZ-Zgenkasb.pdi

j

Mngedm dg Mhhaøe dg Mddas Mdgom bttp0//uehtmd.jrn/lggtaens/gs/XgssajemkDjhulgets/mrgs91d8=8Zgs.pdi

j

j

Ijedj dg kjs JDX bttp0//www.sdniued.jrn/gs/mprgedagedj-kms-kghhajegs-dgk-ijedj-jdl Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj dgk Lakgeaj bttp0//www.ue.jrn/sustmaemokgdgvgkjplget/gs/jo`gtavjs-dg-dgsmrrjkkjsjstgeaokg/

•

JEWLW@G_GX bttp0//www.uewjlge.jrn j

Hjlasaøe dg km Hjedahaøe @urìdahm y Xjhamk dg km Lu`gr bttp0//www.uewjlge.jrn/gs/hsw

j

Tgxtj dg km _ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk dgk Hjlatá hjetrm km Dashralaemhaøe bmham km lu`gr Erj =1 bttp0//www.ue.jrn/wjlgewmthb/dmw/hgdmw/rghjllgedmtajes/rghjllsp.btl

•

Xgemdj dg km _gpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy ?96

bttp0//www.sgemdj.njv.py/ j

Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 bttp0//dangstj.sgemdj.njv.py/ups/kgygs/1>66.pdi

Yadgjs. •

Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs (?6=9) Mudageham tglítahm metg

km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge km qug sg gxpusj km prjokglítahm gspghìiahm dg vajkgeham sgxumk qug mightm gspghamklgetg m eaýms y lu`grgs mdjkgshgetgs ge Vmrmnumy. _ghupgrmdm dg bttps0//www.yjutuog.hjl/wmthb:v<`hTdh=XKerj

?9=

Kastm dg morgvamturms y sankms =66 _gnkms ‘ =66 _gnkms dg =66 _gnkms dg Ormsakam pmrm gk Mhhgsj m km @ustaham dg Ormsakam Vgrsjems ge hjedahaøe dg vukegrmoakadmd MMMM

Mngedm dg Mhhaøe dg Mddas Mdgom

Mhjrdmdm

Mhjrdmdm dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham dg Vmrmnumy

Ogkgl dj Vmrí ‘ Hjevgehaøe Ogkgl dj Vmrí

Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr

OAD ‘ ADO

Omehj Aetgrmlgrahmej dg Dgsmrrjkkj

HMDB

Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ‘ Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg

HHV_

Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Emhajegs Weadms

HHT ‘ HMT

Hjevgehaøe hjetrm km Tjrturm y jtrjs trmtjs j pgems hrugkgs, aebulmejs y dgnrmdmetgs Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj

HDE ‘ H_H HGDM^

Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr dg kms Emhajegs Weadms

HGVMK

Hjlasaøe Ghjeølahm pmrm Mlárahm Kmtaem y gk Hmraog

hir.

Hairmdj

HADB

Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs

HAL HKMDGL

Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg km Lu`gr Hjlatá Kmtaejmlgrahmej dg Dgrghbjs dg kms Lu`grgs

HJDGEA ‘ HJDGEAX

Hjesg`grìm(s) Lueahapmk(gs) dg Dgigesm dg kjs Dgrghbjs dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham

Hjevgehaøe dg Numtglmkm Hjevgehaøe aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd Hjrtg ADB

Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs

HX@

Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham dg Vmrmnumy ?9?

HVA ‘ AHH

Hjrtg Vgemk Aetgremhajemk

DDBB

Dgrghbjs Bulmejs

GVW

Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk dgk Hjesg`j dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Emhajegs Weadms

gth.

Gthátgrm

G^GH

Gvgry ^jlge Gvgry Hbakd (Gstrmtgnam Tjdms kms Lu`grgs y Tjdjs kjs Eaýjs y Eaýms)

BKVI

Banb Kgvgk Vjkatahmk Ijrul (Ijrj Vjkìtahj dg Mktj Eavgk sjorg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg)

AH_VD

Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd

E¶ - Erj.

Eðlgrj

JDL

Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj dgk Lakgeaj

JDX ‘ Mngedm ?686

Jo`gtavj dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xustgetmokg ‘ Mngedm ?686 pmrm gk

JGM

hulpkalagetj dg kjs JDX Jrnmeazmhaøe dg Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs

JAT - AKJ

Jrnmeazmhaøe Aetgremhajemk dgk Trmom`j

JLX ‘ ^BJ

Jrnmeazmhaøe Luedamk dg km Xmkud

JEW

Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kms Emhajegs Weadms

Vmhtj dg Xme @jsá ‘ Vmhtj dg Xme @jsá dg Hjstm _ahm

Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs

pírrs.

Vírrmij

VAXHV ‘ AHHV_ VADGXH - AHGXH_

Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs

VEWD ‘ WEDV

Vrjnrmlm dg kms Emhajegs Weadms pmrm gk Dgsmrrjkkj

V_JLWYA LW@G_

Vrjtjhjkj dg Mhhaøe Aetgraestatuhajemk metg km lugrtg vajkgetm, tgetmtavm dg lugrtg y vajkgeham dg mktj ragsnj hjetrm kms lu`grgs, rgmkazmdm pjr su pmrg`m j gxpmrg`m

Vrjtjhjkj dg Xme Xmkvmdjr Vrjtjhjkj mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe mlgrahmem sjorg dgrghbjs bulmejs ge lmtgram dg dgrghbjs ghjeølahjs, sjhamkgs y hukturmkgs ?98

Vrjtjhjkj dg Vmkgrlj

Vrjtjhjkj pmrm Vrgvgear, _gpralar y Xmehajemr km Trmtm dg Vgrsjems, gspghamklgetg Lu`grgs y Eaýjs

_ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1

_ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 dgk Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr

XGDMLW_

Xgrvahaj dg Mtgehaøe m km Lu`gr dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr dg km _gpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy

XAH

Katgrmk

WEJDH

Jiahaem dg kms Emhajegs Weadms hjetrm km Drjnm y gk Dgkatj

YAB/XADM

Yarus dg Aeluejdgiahageham Bulmem y Xìedrjlg dg Aeluejdgiahageham Bulmem

vs.

Ygrsus (pmrtgs metg ue hjeikahtj kgnmk)

?94

Nkjsmraj Hjedataj saeg qum eje ‘saeg qum eje

Hjedahaøe sae km humk ej, dgk kmtìe

Gx jiiahaj

Vjr vartud dgk jiahaj j hmrnj dg uej, dgk kmtìe

Aetgr mkam

Getrg jtrms hjsms, dgk kmtìe

@us hjnges (j Aus hjnges)

Ejrlms dg Dgrghbj alpgrmtavj j pgrgetjraj, dgk kmtìe

]uggr

Tárlaej nkjomk (dgk aenkás quggr, "rmrj" ge sgetadj pgyjrmtavj) pmrm dgsanemr m quagegs ej sje bgtgrjsgxumkgs j ej sje hasnáegrj (pgrsjems huym adgetadmd dg náegrj y náegrj oajkønahj hjaehadge, gs dghar, qug ej sg adgetaiahme hjlj trmesnáegrj)

Xjit-Kmw

Oushm dgshraoar km gxastgeham dg igeølgejs ùrìdahjs hmrmhtgrazmdjs pjr hmrghgr dg iugrzm vaehukmetg, muequg ej hmrgetgs dg gightjs ùrìdahjs j mk lgejs hje hagrtm rgkgvmeham ùrìdahm, dgk aenkás

?97

Ejrlmtavm dgk Xastglm @urìdahj Vmrmnumyj hjesuktmdms y hatmdms Kgygs y Hødanjs. •

•

Hjestatuhaøe Emhajemk dg km _gpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy. Kgy 2>9/=198. ]ug mprugom km ‛Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem sjorg Hjehgsaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Havakgs m km Lu`gr“.

•

Kgy ==28/=127. Hødanj Havak dgk Vmrmnumy.

•

Kgy =?=7/=129. ]ug mprugom km ‛Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr“.

•

Kgy =88>/=122. Hødanj Vrjhgsmk Havak dg km _gpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy.

•

Kgy =/=121. ]ug mprugom km ‛Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, Vmhtj dg Xme @jsá dg Hjstm _ahm“.

•

Kgy 91/=121. ]ug mprugom km ‛Hjevgehaøe hjetrm km Tjrturm y Jtrjs Trmtjs j Vgems Hrugkgs, Aebulmejs j Dgnrmdmetgs“

•

Kgy 79/=116. ]ug mprugom km ‛Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear y Xmehajemr km Tjrturm“.

•

Kgy 7>/=116. ]ug mprugom km ‛Hjevgehaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj“.

•

Kgy 4/=11?. ]ug mprugom gk ‛Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs“.

•

Kgy 7/=11?. ]ug mprugom gk ‛Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs“.

•

Kgy ?84/=118. Hjevgeaj =91 dg km JAT ‛sjorg pugokjs aedìngems y traomkgs ge pmìsgs aedgpgedagetgs, mdjptmdj durmetg km >9ª. Hjeigrgeham aetgremhajemk dgk trmom`j, hgkgormdm ge Naegorm gk > dg ùeaj dg =121“.

?99

•

Kgy 967/=117. ]ug mprugom km ‛Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr“.

•

Kgy =64>/=11>. ]ug mprugom gk ‛Vrjtjhjkj mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe mlgrahmem sjorg dgrghbjs bulmejs ge lmtgram dg dgrghbjs ghjeølahjs, sjhamkgs y hukturmkgs“.

•

Kgy ==96/=11>. Hødanj Vgemk dg km _gpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy.

•

Kgy =?29/=112. Hødanj Vrjhgsmk Vgemk dg km _gpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy.

•

Kgy 8746/=112. ]ug mprugom km ‛Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd“.

•

Kgy =966/?666. Hjetrm km vajkgeham djlástahm.

•

Kgy =998/?66=. ]ug mprugom gk ‛Gstmtutj dg _jlm dg km Hjrtg Vgemk Aetgremhajemk“

•

Kgy =926/?66=. Hødanj dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham dg km _gpðokahm dgk Vmrmnumy

•

Kgy =928/?66=. ]ug mprugom gk ‛Vrjtjhjkj imhuktmtavj dg km Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr “

•

Kgy =227/?66?. Dgk mduktj lmyjr.

•

Kgy =1?7/?66?. Hjevgehaøe aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd, ‛Hjevgehaøe dg Numtglmkm“.

•

Kgy ?=91/?668. ]ug gstmokghg km lmyjrìm dg gdmd

•

Kgy ?819/?664. ]ug mprugom gk ‛Vrjtjhjkj pmrm Vrgvgear, _gpralar y Xmehajemr km Trmtm dg Vgrsjems, gspghamklgetg Lu`grgs y Eaýjs“

•

Kgy 8446/?662. ]ug ljdaiahm vmrams daspjsahajegs dg km Kgy ==96/=11>, Hødanj Vgemk

•

Kgy 847?/?662. ]ug mprugom km ‛Hjevgehaøe aetgremhajemk sjorg km prjtghhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs dg tjdjs kjs trmom`mdjrgs lanrmtjrajs y sus imlakamrgs“

?9>

•

Kgy 8746/?662. Hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd y gk prjtjhjkj imhuktmtavj dg km hjevgehaøe sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kms pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd.

•

Kgy 8>2?/?661. ]ug gstmokghg km pgesaøe mkalgetmram dg kms pgrsjems mduktms lmyjrgs.

•

Kgy 4?17/?6==. ]ug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj gspghamk pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dgk lmktrmtj aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe gspghamkazmdm.

•

Kgy 44?8/?6==. Jrníeahm dgk Laeastgraj dg km Dgigesm Vðokahm.

•

Kgy 4>22/?6=?. Aetgnrmk hjetrm km trmtm dg pgrsjems.

•

Kgy 49?2/?6=?. ]ug ljdaiahm gk Mrtìhukj ??1 dg km Kgy E¶ ==96/=11> "Hødanj Vgemk", ljdaiahmdj pjr km Kgy E¶ 8446/?662.

•

Kgy 78>2/?6=4. ]ug ljdaiahm gk Mrtìhukj ??1 dg km Kgy E¶ ==96/1> "Hødanj Vgemk" y su ljdaiahmtjram km Kgy E¶ 49?2/?6=?.

•

Kgy 7>>>//?6=9. Dg prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk m kms lu`grgs hjetrm tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham.

Ejrlms mdlaeastrmtavms. •

Mhjrdmdm dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham 474/?66> ]ug gstmokghg gk Ijrlukmraj dg _gnastrj dg Yajkgeham.

•

Mhjrdmdm dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham 97>/?6=6 ]ug gstmokghg darghtrahgs dg km pjkìtahm aestatuhajemk dg trmesvgrsmkadmd dg náegrj dgk Vjdgr @udahamk.

•

Mhjrdmdm dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham 961/?6=6 Vjr km humk sg hrgm km Xghrgtmrìm dg Náegrj dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham.

•

Mhjrdmdm dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham 94?/?6=6 ]ug rgnkmlgetm gk prjhgdalagetj dg km jiahaem dg mtgehaøe pgrlmegetg pmrm km prgsgetmhaøe dg dgeuehams sjorg vajkgeham djlástahm.

?92

•

Mhjrdmdm dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham 998/?6=6 Vjr km humk sg rgsugkvg aehjrpjrmr ‛=66 _gnkms dg Ormsakam“ sjorg gk mhhgsj m km ùstaham dg kms pgrsjems ge hjedahajegs dg vukegrmoakadmd.

•

Aestruhtavj Ngegrmk dgk Laeastgraj Vðokahj 1/?6== sjorg Vrjhgdalagetjs m sgnuar ge km aevgstanmhaøe dg kjs bghbjs pueaokgs dg vajkgeham imlakamr y vajkgeham dg náegrj.

•

Harhukmr dgk Laeastgraj dg Xmkud Vðokahm y Oagegstmr Xjhamk >/?6== ]ug gstmokghg kms vìhtalms dg vajkgeham djlástahm tageg dgrghbj m uem mtgehaøe urngetg y pgrsjemkazmdm pjr pmrtg dg kms aestatuhajegs pðokahms dg smkud.

•

_gsjkuhaøe dgk Laeastgraj dg Xmkud Vðokahm y Oagegstmr Xjhamk ?9?/?6== Vjr km qug sg daspjeg qug kjs msgsjrgs ùrìdahjs dg hmdm sgrvahaj dg smkud prgstge msgsjrìm y msastgeham ùrìdahm m kjs prjigsajemkgs ládahjs ge km mtgehaøe dg hmsjs dg vajkgeham djlástahm, lmktrmtj y mousj sgxumk.

•

_gsjkuhaøe Vjkahamk ?78/?6== Vjr km humk sg mprugom gk prjtjhjkj dg prjhgdalagetj pjkahamk pmrm km aetgrvgehaøe ge vajkgeham djlástahm, aetrmimlakamr y dg náegrj.

•

_gsjkuhaøe dgk Laeastgraj dg Trmom`j, Glpkgj y Xgnuradmd Xjhamk 4>?/?6=? pjr lgdaj dg km humk sg rgnkmlgetm gk prjhgdalagetj pmrm km aespghhaøe dg sgnuradmd y smkud ge gk trmom`j y smehajem km vajkgeham kmojrmk, gk ljooaen j mhjsj kmojrmk y gk mhjsj sgxumk ge kjs kunmrgs dg trmom`j.

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Dghrgtj 896/?6=8 Vjr km humk sg rgnukm gk prjhgdalagetj sulmramk mdlaeastrmtavj pmrm km aevgstanmhaøe y km mpkahmhaøe dg kms smehajegs mdlaeastrmtavms gstmokghadms ge gk hmpìtukj xa dgk ránalge dashapkaemraj dg km kgy Ej =9?9/?666 dg km iuehaøe pðokahm, y sg dgrjnm gk dghrgtj ej =>>2=/?66?.

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Aestruhtavj Ngegrmk dgk Laeastgraj Vðokahj 1/?6=7 qug gstmokghg prjhgdalagetjs m sgnuar pmrm sjkahatmr dakangehams mk ‛Hgetrj dg Mtgehaøe m Yìhtalms“ ge gk qug sg aehkuyg km msastgeham y hjetgehaøe sahjkønahm bmstm gk ùahaj jrmk y pðokahj m lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham.

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_gsjkuhaøe dg km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Iuehaøe Vðokahm 7=9/?6=9 mprjoø gk Vrjtjhjkj dg Aetgrvgehaøe y Nuìm dg Mtgehaøe pmrm hmsjs dg dashralaemhaøe y mhjsj kmojrmk ge km iuehaøe pðokahm.

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_gsjkuhaøe Vjkahamk 997/?6=> Vjr km humk sg mprugom gk prjtjhjkj dg mhtumhaøe pjkahamk hje pgrsjems mdjkgshgetgs getrg =4 y => mýjs dg gdmd ge trmesnrgsaøe m km Kgy pgemk y gk Vrjhgdalagetj hje eaýjs, eaýms y mdjkgshgetgs0 prjhgdalagetjs dg prjtghhaøe.

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_gsjkuhaøe Vjkahamk 999/?6=> Vjr km humk sg mprugom gk prjtjhjkj dg aetgrvgehaøe pjkahamk qug gstmokghg gk prjhgdalagetj m sgnuar metg hmsjs dg oðsqugdm y kjhmkazmhaøe dg pgrsjems dgsmpmrghadms.

Jtrms ejrlms utakazmdms. •

Vrjtjhjkj pmrm km aevgstanmhaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr ge gk íloatj imlakamr, dgsdg uem pgrspghtavm dg náegrj.

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Lmeumk dg Mojrdm`g dg km vajkgeham aetrmimlakamr y dg náegrj. Lmeumk0 Yajkgeham aetrmimlakamr y dg Náegrj. Lmeumk dg mtgehaøe aetgnrmk m vìhtalms ge gk sastglm dg smkud.

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Vrjtjhjkj pmrm gk mojrdm`g aetgnrmk dg km vajkgeham dgsdg gk Xghtjr Xmkud.

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Vrjtjhjkj dg Mhhaøe Aetgraestatuhajemk metg km lugrtg vajkgetm, tgetmtavm dg lugrtg y vajkgeham dg mktj ragsnj hjetrm lu`grgs rgmkazmdm pjr su pmrg`m j gxpmrg`m.

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Megxj =0 Vraehapmkgs Hjevgehajegs dgk Xastglm aetgremhajemk rgigradms m Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg kms Lu`grgs irgetg m km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9. Hjevgehaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kms Emhajegs Weadms HJEYGEHAØE XJO_G KM GKALAEMHAØE DG TJDMX KMX IJ_LMX DG DAXH_ALAEMHAØE HJET_M KM LW@G_=64 Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs ge km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe, Hjesadgrmedj qug km Hmrtm dg kms Emhajegs Weadms rgmiarlm km ig ge kjs dgrghbjs iuedmlgetmkgs dgk bjlorg, ge km daneadmd y gk vmkjr dg km pgrsjem bulmem y ge km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dgk bjlorg y km lu`gr, Hjesadgrmedj qug km Dghkmrmhaøe Weavgrsmk dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs rgmiarlm gk praehapaj dg km ej dashralaemhaøe y prjhkmlm qug tjdjs kjs sgrgs bulmejs emhge kaorgs g anumkgs ge daneadmd y dgrghbjs y qug tjdm pgrsjem pugdg aevjhmr tjdjs kjs dgrghbjs y kaogrtmdgs prjhkmlmdjs ge gsm Dghkmrmhaøe, sae dastaehaøe mknuem y, pjr gedg, sae dastaehaøe dg sgxj, Hjesadgrmedj qug kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs ge kjs Vmhtjs Aetgremhajemkgs dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs tagege km jokanmhaøe dg nmrmetazmr mk bjlorg y km lu`gr km anumkdmd ge gk njhg dg tjdjs kjs dgrghbjs ghjeølahjs, sjhamkgs, hukturmkgs, havakgs y pjkìtahjs, Tgeagedj ge hugetm kms hjevgehajegs aetgremhajemkgs hjehgrtmdms om`j kjs muspahajs dg kms Emhajegs Weadms y dg kjs jrnmeasljs gspghamkazmdjs pmrm imvjrghgr km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs getrg gk bjlorg y km lu`gr, Tgeagedj ge hugetm msalaslj kms rgsjkuhajegs, dghkmrmhajegs y rghjlgedmhajegs mprjomdms pjr kms Emhajegs Weadms y kjs jrnmeasljs gspghamkazmdjs pmrm imvjrghgr km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs getrg gk bjlorg y km lu`gr, Vrgjhupmdjs, sae glomrnj, mk hjlprjomr qug m pgsmr dg gstjs davgrsjs aestrulgetjs kms lu`grgs sanuge sagedj jo`gtj dg alpjrtmetgs dashralaemhajegs, _ghjrdmedj qug km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr vajkm kjs praehapajs dg km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs y dgk rgspgtj dg km daneadmd bulmem, qug daiahuktm km pmrtahapmhaøe dg km lu`gr, ge kms laslms hjedahajegs qug gk bjlorg, ge km vadm pjkìtahm, sjhamk, ghjeølahm y hukturmk dg su pmìs, qug hjestatuyg ue jostíhukj pmrm gk mulgetj dgk oagegstmr dg km sjhagdmd y dg km imlakam y qug getjrpghg gk pkgej dgsmrrjkkj dg kms pjsaoakadmdgs dg km lu`gr pmrm prgstmr sgrvahaj m su pmìs y m km bulmeadmd, Vrgjhupmdjs pjr gk bghbj dg qug ge satumhajegs dg pjorgzm km lu`gr tageg ue mhhgsj lìealj m km mkalgetmhaøe, km smkud, km gesgýmezm, km hmpmhatmhaøe y kms jpjrtueadmdgs dg glpkgj, msì hjlj m km smtasimhhaøe dg jtrms eghgsadmdgs,

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Km _gpðokahm dg Vmrmnumy Mdbaraø m gstm Hjevgehaøe gk 9 dg morak dg =12>.

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Hjevgehadjs dg qug gk gstmokghalagetj dgk eugvj jrdge ghjeølahj aetgremhajemk omsmdj ge km gquadmd y km ùstaham hjetraouarí saneaiahmtavmlgetg m km prjljhaøe dg km anumkdmd getrg gk bjlorg y km lu`gr, Xuormymedj qug km gkalaemhaøe dgk mpmrtbgad, dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg rmhaslj, dg dashralaemhaøe rmhamk, hjkjeamkaslj, egjhjkjeamkaslj, mnrgsaøe, jhupmhaøe y djlaemhaøe gxtrme`grms y dg km ae`grgeham ge kjs msuetjs aetgrejs dg kjs Gstmdjs gs aedaspgesmokg pmrm gk dasirutg hmomk dg kjs dgrghbjs dgk bjlorg y dg km lu`gr, Miarlmedj qug gk ijrtmkghalagetj dg km pmz y km sgnuradmd aetgremhajemkgs, gk mkavaj dg km tgesaøe aetgremhajemk, km hjjpgrmhaøe lutum getrg tjdjs kjs Gstmdjs hje aedgpgedgeham dg sus sastglms ghjeølahjs y sjhamkgs, gk dgsmrlg ngegrmk y hjlpkgtj y, ge pmrtahukmr, gk dgsmrlg euhkgmr om`j ue hjetrjk aetgremhajemk gstrahtj y gightavj, km miarlmhaøe dg kjs praehapajs dg km ùstaham, km anumkdmd y gk prjvghbj lutuj ge kms rgkmhajegs getrg pmìsgs y km rgmkazmhaøe dgk dgrghbj dg kjs pugokjs sjlgtadjs m djlaemhaøe hjkjeamk y gxtrme`grm j m jhupmhaøe gxtrme`grm m km kaorg dgtgrlaemhaøe y km aedgpgedgeham, msì hjlj gk rgspgtj dg km sjogrmeìm emhajemk y dg km aetgnradmd tgrratjramk, prjljvgríe gk prjnrgsj y gk dgsmrrjkkj sjhamkgs y, ge hjesghugeham, hjetraouaríe mk kjnrj dg km pgem anumkdmd getrg gk bjlorg y km lu`gr, Hjevgehadjs dg qug km líxalm pmrtahapmhaøe dg km lu`gr, ge anumkdmd dg hjedahajegs hje gk bjlorg, ge tjdjs kjs hmlpjs, gs aedaspgesmokg pmrm gk dgsmrrjkkj pkgej y hjlpkgtj dg ue pmìs, gk oagegstmr dgk luedj y km hmusm dg km pmz, Tgeagedj prgsgetg gk nrme mpjrtg dg km lu`gr mk oagegstmr dg km imlakam y mk dgsmrrjkkj dg km sjhagdmd, bmstm mbjrm ej pkgemlgetg rghjejhadj, km alpjrtmeham sjhamk dg km lmtgreadmd y km iuehaøe dg kjs pmdrgs ge km imlakam y ge km gduhmhaøe dg kjs ba`js, y hjeshagetgs dg qug gk pmpgk dg km lu`gr ge km prjhrgmhaøe ej dgog sgr hmusm dg dashralaemhaøe, saej qug km gduhmhaøe dg kjs eaýjs gxang km rgspjesmoakadmd hjlpmrtadm getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs y km sjhagdmd ge su hjeùetj, _ghjejhagedj qug pmrm kjnrmr km pkgem anumkdmd getrg gk bjlorg y km lu`gr gs eghgsmraj ljdaiahmr gk pmpgk trmdahajemk tmetj dgk bjlorg hjlj dg km lu`gr ge km sjhagdmd y ge km imlakam, _gsugktjs m mpkahmr kjs praehapajs geuehamdjs ge km Dghkmrmhaøe sjorg km gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr y, pmrm gkkj, m mdjptmr kms lgdadms eghgsmrams m iae dg supralar gstm dashralaemhaøe ge tjdms sus ijrlms y lmeaigstmhajegs, Bme hjevgeadj ge kj sanuagetg0

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Tgxtj hjevgehajemk VM_TG A Mrtìhukj = M kjs gightjs dg km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe, km gxprgsaøe "dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr" dgejtmrí tjdm dastaehaøe, gxhkusaøe m rgstrahhaøe omsmdm ge gk sgxj qug tgenm pjr jo`gtj j pjr rgsuktmdj lgejshmomr j meukmr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg j g`grhahaj pjr km lu`gr, aedgpgedagetglgetg dg su gstmdj havak, sjorg km omsg dg km anumkdmd dgk bjlorg y km lu`gr, dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y kms kaogrtmdgs iuedmlgetmkgs ge kms gsigrms pjkìtahm, ghjeølahm, sjhamk, hukturmk y havak j ge humkquagr jtrm gsigrm. Mrtìhukj ? Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs hjedgeme km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr ge tjdms sus ijrlms, hjevagege ge sgnuar, pjr tjdjs kjs lgdajs mprjpamdjs y sae dakmhajegs, uem pjkìtahm gehmlaemdm m gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr y, hje tmk jo`gtj, sg hjlprjlgtge m0 m. Hjesmnrmr, sa mðe ej kj bme bghbj, ge sus hjestatuhajegs emhajemkgs y ge humkquagr jtrm kgnaskmhaøe mprjpamdm gk praehapaj dg km anumkdmd dgk bjlorg y dg km lu`gr y msgnurmr pjr kgy u jtrjs lgdajs mprjpamdjs km rgmkazmhaøe príhtahm dg gsg praehapaj3 o. Mdjptmr lgdadms mdghumdms, kgnaskmtavms y dg jtrj hmríhtgr, hje kms smehajegs hjrrgspjedagetgs, qug prjbìome tjdm dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr3 h. Gstmokghgr km prjtghhaøe ùrìdahm dg kjs dgrghbjs dg km lu`gr sjorg uem omsg dg anumkdmd hje kjs dgk bjlorg y nmrmetazmr, pjr hjeduhtj dg kjs traouemkgs emhajemkgs j hjlpgtgetgs y dg jtrms aestatuhajegs pðokahms, km prjtghhaøe gightavm dg km lu`gr hjetrm tjdj mhtj dg dashralaemhaøe3 d. Mostgegrsg dg aehurrar ge tjdj mhtj m príhtahm dg dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr y vgkmr pjrqug kms mutjradmdgs g

Vraehapmkgs mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 qug rgikg`me gk tgxtj hjevgehajemk Mrtìhukj 70 dgiaeg dashralaemhaøe hjlj0 Tjdm dastaehaøe, gxhkusaøe j rgstrahhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr qug tgenm pjr jo`gtj j rgsuktmdj lgejshmomr j meukmr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg j g`grhahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, ge kms gsigrms0 pjkìtahm, ghjeølahm, sjhamk, hukturmk, havak y kmojrmk, ym sgm ge gk sghtjr pðokahj j pravmdj, j ge humkquagr jtrj íloatj.

Mrtìhukj =0 gstmokghg gk jo`gtj ge gk gstmokghalagetj dg pjkìtahms y gstrmtgnams pmrm km prgvgehaøe, mtgehaøe y smehaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj pravmdj. Mrtìhukj ?0 gstmokghg qug km iaemkadmd dg km kgy gs km dg prjljvgr y nmrmetazmr gk dgrghbj dg kms lu`grgs m vavar uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham. Mrtìhukj 70 dgiaeg kjs tárlaejs Yajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr ge mkusaøe m kj gstmokghadj ge km _ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 dg HGDM^ ge km qug sg sgýmkm qug km dashralaemhaøe gs uem ijrlm dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. Mrtìhukj >0 getrg kjs praehapajs rghtjrgs gstmokghg km anumkdmd y ej dashralaemhaøe. Mrtìhukj 7?0 sg gstmokghg km dgrjnmhaøe dg tjdm daspjsahaøe hjetrmram m kj gstmokghadj ge gk tgxtj dg km Kgy.

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aestatuhajegs pðokahms mhtðge dg hjeijrladmd hje gstm jokanmhaøe3 g. Tjlmr tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms pmrm gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr prmhtahmdm pjr humkgsquagrm pgrsjems, jrnmeazmhajegs j glprgsms3 i. Mdmptmr tjdms kms lgdadms mdghumdms, aehkusj dg hmríhtgr kgnaskmtavj, pmrm ljdaiahmr j dgrjnmr kgygs, rgnkmlgetjs, usjs y príhtahms qug hjestatuyme dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr3 n. Dgrjnmr tjdms kms daspjsahajegs pgemkgs emhajemkgs qug hjestatuyme dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtahukj 8 Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs tjlmríe ge tjdms kms gsigrms, y ge pmrtahukmr ge kms gsigrms pjkìtahm, sjhamk, ghjeølahm y hukturmk, tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms, aehkusj dg hmríhtgr kgnaskmtavj, pmrm msgnurmr gk pkgej dgsmrrjkkj y mdgkmetj dg km lu`gr, hje gk jo`gtj dg nmrmetazmrkg gk g`grhahaj y gk njhg dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y kms kaogrtmdgs iuedmlgetmkgs ge anumkdmd dg hjedahajegs hje gk bjlorg.

Mrtìhukj =0 gstmokghg gk jo`gtj ge gk gstmokghalagetj dg pjkìtahms y gstrmtgnams pmrm km prgvgehaøe, mtgehaøe y smehaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj pravmdj. Mrtìhukj 80 dgiaeg qug km mpkahmhaøe dg km Kgy gs pmrm tjdms kms lu`grgs, sae eaenðe tapj dg dashralaemhaøe. Mrtìhukj 40 geueham uem sgrag dg dgrghbjs prjtgnadjs y km mhkmrmhaøe gxpkìhatm dg qug ej sgr uem kastm gxhkuygetg. Mrtìhukj >0 getrg kjs praehapajs rghtjrgs gstmokghg km anumkdmd y ej dashralaemhaøe. Mrtìhukj =60 gstmokghg km jokanmhaøe gstmtmk dg alpkglgetmr pjkìtahms, gstrmtgnams y mhhajegs prajratmrams pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs. Mrtìhukj =90 msanem km rgspjesmoakadmd dg km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Iuehaøe Vðokahm dg gstmokghgr pjkìtahms gspghìiahms pmrm alpkglgetmr km prgsgetg kgy ge gk sastglm dg mdlaeastrmhaøe pðokahm, ge gspghamk rgspghtj m km dashralaemhaøe, gk mhjsj sgxumk y kmojrmk, km anumkdmd ge gk trmom`j pmrm bjlorgs y lu`grgs, msì hjlj km alpkglgetmhaøe dg kms ejrlms rgkmtavms m km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemramdj pðokahj pjr mhtjs u jlasajegs qug saneaiaquge mhtjs dg vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs, y sgesaoakazmr y hmpmhatmr mk pgrsjemk dg km mdlaeastrmhaøe pðokahm dgsdg uem pgrspghtavm dg anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dgk bjlorg y dg km lu`gr, km ej dashralaemhaøe y kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs,

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Mrtahukj 4 =. Km mdjphaøe pjr kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs dg lgdadms gspghamkgs dg hmríhtgr tglpjrmk gehmlaemdms m mhgkgrmr km anumkdmd dg imhtj getrg gk bjlorg y km lu`gr ej sg hjesadgrmrí dashralaemhaøe ge km ijrlm dgiaeadm ge km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe, pgrj dg eaenðe ljdj getrmýmrí, hjlj hjesghugeham, gk lmetgealagetj dg ejrlms dgsanumkgs j sgpmrmdms3 gstms lgdadms hgsmríe humedj sg bmyme mkhmezmdj kjs jo`gtavjs dg anumkdmd dg jpjrtueadmd y trmtj. ?. Km mdjphaøe pjr kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs dg lgdadms gspghamkgs, aehkusj kms hjetgeadms ge km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe, gehmlaemdms m prjtgngr km lmtgreadmd ej sg hjesadgrmrí dashralaemtjram. Mrtahukj 7 Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs tjlmríe tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms pmrm0 m. Ljdaiahmr kjs pmtrjegs sjhajhukturmkgs dg hjeduhtm dg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, hje larms m mkhmezmr km gkalaemhaøe dg kjs prgùahajs y kms príhtahms hjesugtudaemrams y dg humkquagr jtrm ìedjkg qug gstáe omsmdjs ge km adgm dg km aeigrajradmd j supgrajradmd dg humkquagrm dg kjs sgxjs j ge iuehajegs gstgrgjtapmdms dg bjlorgs y lu`grgs3 o. Nmrmetazmr qug km gduhmhaøe imlakamr aehkuym uem hjlprgesaøe mdghumdm dg km lmtgreadmd hjlj iuehaøe sjhamk y gk rghjejhalagetj dg km rgspjesmoakadmd hjlðe dg bjlorgs y lu`grgs ge humetj m km gduhmhaøe y mk dgsmrrjkkj dg sus ba`js, ge km aetgkangeham dg qug gk aetgrás dg kjs ba`js hjestatuarí km hjesadgrmhaøe praljrdamk ge tjdjs kjs hmsjs.

gspghamklgetg gk dgrghbj m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham. Mrtìhukj 7=0 dgtgrlaem qug, m pgsmr dg qug sg bm gstmokghadj gk pkmzj dg ue mýj pmrm km getrmdm ge vanjr dg km ejrlm, gk tapj pgemk dg Iglaeahadaj (Mrtìhukj 76) gs dg mpkahmhaøe aelgdamtm m km ighbm bíoak sanuagetg mk dìm dg su puokahmhaøe.

Mrtìhukj 90 geueham uem sgrag dg tapjs dg vajkgeham qug kms aestmehams pðokahms dgogríe hjesadgrmr pmrm km prjljhaøe dg pjkìtahms pðokahms daranadms m prgvgear, daslaeuar y gkalaemrkms, sagedj ástms0 vajkgeham iglaeahadm, iìsahm, psahjkønahm, sgxumk, hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs, ghjeølahm y pmtraljeamk, kmojrmk, pjkìtahm, aetrmimlakamr, jostátrahm, lgdaítahm, tgkglítahm, saloøkahm, aestatuhajemk y hjetrm km daneadmd. Mrtìhukj =60 gstmokghg km jokanmhaøe gstmtmk dg alpkglgetmr pjkìtahms, gstrmtgnams y mhhajegs prajratmrams pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs. Mrtìhukj =?0 getrg kms hjlpgtgehams y mtraouhajegs dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr, gstmokghg vmrams imhuktmdgs daranadms m hjetraouar mk hmloaj irgetg m imhtjrgs sjhajhukturmkgs qug prjlugvge vajkgeham, prgùahajs, príhtahms y mhtatudgs omsmdms ge km adgm dg aeigrajradmd j supgrajradmd dg humkquagrm dg kjs sgxjs j ge iuehajegs gstgrgjtapmdms getrg mlojs sgxjs. Mrtìhukj =80 msanem gk Laeastgraj dg Gduhmhaøe y Hagehams km rgspjesmoakadmd dg rgvasmr y mhtumkazmr kjs kaorjs dg tgxtj y lmtgramkgs dadíhtahjs utakazmdjs ge gk sastglm gduhmtavj ?>7

hje km iaemkadmd dg ijlgetmr km anumkdmd dg kjs dgrghbjs, jpjrtueadmdgs, trmtj y rgsuktmdjs dg kms lu`grgs hje rgkmhaøe m kjs bjlorgs, ge ngegrmk y praehapmklgetg ge km gduhmhaøe aedìngem. Mrtìhukj =40 msanem rgspjesmoakadmd m km Xghrgtmrìm dg Aeijrlmhaøe y Hjlueahmhaøe ge lmtgram dg sgesaoakazmr sjorg km dgsemturmkazmhaøe dg km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs, gk usj sgxastm dg su almnge, su hjsaiahmhaøe y gk lmeg`j mdghumdj dg km aeijrlmhaøe sjorg bghbjs dg vajkgeham, m kjs lgdajs lmsavjs dg hjlueahmhaøe, mngehams dg puokahadmd y meuehametgs. Mrtìhukj 9 Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs tjlmríe tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms, aehkusj dg hmríhtgr kgnaskmtavj, pmrm supralar tjdms kms ijrlms dg trmtm dg lu`grgs y gxpkjtmhaøe dg km prjstatuhaøe dg km lu`gr.

VM_TG AA Mrtìhukj > Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs tjlmríe tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms pmrm gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr ge km vadm pjkìtahm y pðokahm dgk pmìs y, ge pmrtahukmr, nmrmetazmedj, ge anumkdmd dg hjedahajegs hje kjs bjlorgs gk dgrghbj m0 m. Yjtmr ge tjdms kms gkghhajegs y rgigráeduls pðokahjs y sgr gkgnaokgs pmrm tjdjs kjs jrnmeasljs huyjs laglorjs sgme jo`gtj dg gkghhajegs pðokahms3 o. Vmrtahapmr ge km ijrlukmhaøe dg kms pjkìtahms nuogremlgetmkgs y ge km g`ghuhaøe dg ástms, y jhupmr hmrnjs pðokahjs y g`grhgr tjdms kms iuehajegs pðokahms ge tjdjs kjs pkmejs nuogremlgetmkgs3 h. Vmrtahapmr ge jrnmeazmhajegs y msjhamhajegs ej nuogremlgetmkgs qug

Mrtìhukj ?0 gstmokghg qug km iaemkadmd dg km kgy gs km dg prjljvgr y nmrmetazmr gk dgrghbj dg kms lu`grgs m vavar uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham. Mrtìhukj 80 dgiaeg gk íloatj dg mpkahmhaøe dg km Kgy tmetj dgetrj dg km imlakam j ueadmd djlástahm, ge km hjlueadmd sae qug sgm eghgsmraj mknðe vìehukj j pgrpgtrmdm j tjkgrmdm pjr gk Gstmdj. Mrtìhukj 90 dgiaeg getrg kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham qug pgrsanug m km vajkgeham iìsahm, psahjkønahm, sgxumk, pmtraljeamk j ghjeølahm, ijrlms qug pjdrìme vaehukmrsg hje trmtm dg pgrsjems. Mrtìhukj ?0 gstmokghg qug km iaemkadmd dg km kgy gs km dg prjljvgr y nmrmetazmr gk dgrghbj dg kms lu`grgs m vavar uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham. Mrtìhukj 40 getrg kjs dgrghbjs prjtgnadjs aehkuyg m kjs dgrghbjs dg pgesmlagetjs, hjehageham y gxprgsaøe3 y mk dg pmrtahapmr ge kjs msuetjs pðokahjs. Mrtìhukj 90 getrg kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham dgiaeg gspghìiahmlgetg km vajkgeham pjkìtahm hjlj km mhhaøe rgmkazmdm hjetrm km lu`gr qug tgenm hjlj iae rgtmrdmr, jostmhukazmr j alpgdar qug km laslm pmrtahapg dg km vadm pjkìtahm ge humkquagrm dg sus ijrlms y g`grzm kjs dgrghbjs prgvastjs ge km kgy.

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sg jhupge dg km vadm pðokahm y pjkìtahm dgk pmìs. Mrtìhukj 2 Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs tjlmríe tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms pmrm nmrmetazmr m km lu`gr, ge anumkdmd dg hjedahajegs hje gk bjlorg y sae dashralaemhaøe mknuem, km jpjrtueadmd dg rgprgsgetmr m su njoagrej ge gk pkmej aetgremhajemk y dg pmrtahapmr ge km kmojr dg kms jrnmeazmhajegs aetgremhajemkgs. Mrtìhukj 1 =. Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs jtjrnmríe m kms lu`grgs anumkgs dgrghbjs qug m kjs bjlorgs pmrm mdquarar, hmloamr j hjesgrvmr su emhajemkadmd. Nmrmetazmríe ge pmrtahukmr, qug ea gk lmtraljeaj hje ue gxtrme`grj ea gk hmloaj dg emhajemkadmd dgk lmradj durmetg gk lmtraljeaj hmloage mutjlítahmlgetg km emhajemkadmd dg km gspjsm, km hjevagrtme ge mpítradm j km jokanuge m mdjptmr km emhajemkadmd dgk høeyung. ?. Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs jtjrnmríe m km lu`gr kjs lasljs dgrghbjs qug mk bjlorg hje rgspghtj m km emhajemkadmd dg sus ba`js. VM_TG AAA Mrtìhukj =6 Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs mdjptmríe tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms pmrm gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr, m iae dg msgnurmrkg km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs hje gk bjlorg ge km gsigrm dg km gduhmhaøe y ge pmrtahukmr pmrm msgnurmr, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs0 m. Kms laslms hjedahajegs dg jragetmhaøe ge lmtgram dg hmrrgrms y hmpmhatmhaøe prjigsajemk, mhhgsj m kjs gstudajs y jotgehaøe dg dapkjlms ge kms aestatuhajegs dg gesgýmezm dg tjdms kms hmtgnjrìms, tmetj ge zjems rurmkgs hjlj uromems3 gstm anumkdmd dgogrí msgnurmrsg ge km gesgýmezm prggshjkmr, ngegrmk, táheahm y prjigsajemk, aehkuadm km gduhmhaøe táheahm supgrajr, msì hjlj ge tjdjs kjs tapjs dg hmpmhatmhaøe prjigsajemk3 o. Mhhgsj m kjs lasljs prjnrmlms dg gstudajs y kjs lasljs gxílgegs,

Mrtìhukj 40 getrg kjs dgrghbjs prjtgnadjs aehkuyg mk dgrghbj m km anumkdmd metg km kgy y m km anumkdmd ge km imlakam. Mrtìhukj 70 dgiaeg dashralaemhaøe hjlj0 Tjdm dastaehaøe, gxhkusaøe j rgstrahhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr qug tgenm pjr jo`gtj j rgsuktmdj lgejshmomr j meukmr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg j g`grhahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, ge kms gsigrms0 pjkìtahm, ghjeølahm, sjhamk, hukturmk, havak y kmojrmk, ym sgm ge gk sghtjr pðokahj j pravmdj, j ge humkquagr jtrj íloatj.

Mrtìhukj 40 getrg kjs dgrghbjs prjtgnadjs aehkuyg mk dgrghbj m km gduhmhaøe. Mrtìhukj 70 dgiaeg dashralaemhaøe hjlj0 Tjdm dastaehaøe, gxhkusaøe j rgstrahhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr qug tgenm pjr jo`gtj j rgsuktmdj lgejshmomr j meukmr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg j g`grhahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, ge kms gsigrms0 pjkìtahm, ghjeølahm, sjhamk, hukturmk, havak y kmojrmk, ym sgm ge gk sghtjr pðokahj j pravmdj, j ge humkquagr jtrj íloatj. Mrtìhukj >0 getrg kjs praehapajs rghtjrgs sg aehkuyg mk glpjdgrmlagetj dg km lu`gr hjlj km aedgpgedgeham dg km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham rgspgtj m km tjlm dg dghasajegs y rgstmokghalagetj dg su daneadmd. Mrtìhukj =80 msanem mk Laeastgraj dg Gduhmhaøe y Hukturm km rgspjesmoakadmd dg aehjrpjrmr km pgrspghtavm dg anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs getrg lu`grgs y bjlorgs, gk rgspgtj m kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y km ijrlmhaøe ge km rgsjkuhaøe pmhìiahm dg hjeikahtjs ge km hurrìhukm ?>>

pgrsjemk djhgetg dgk laslj eavgk prjigsajemk y kjhmkgs y gquapjs gshjkmrgs dg km laslm hmkadmd3 h. Km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdj hjehgptj gstgrgjtapmdj dg kjs pmpgkgs lmshukaej y iglgeaej ge tjdjs kjs eavgkgs y ge tjdms kms ijrlms dg gesgýmezm, lgdametg gk gstìlukj dg km gduhmhaøe laxtm y dg jtrjs tapjs dg gduhmhaøe qug hjetraouyme m kjnrmr gstg jo`gtavj y, ge pmrtahukmr, lgdametg km ljdaiahmhaøe dg kjs kaorjs y prjnrmlms gshjkmrgs y km mdmptmhaøe dg kjs látjdjs ge gesgýmezm. d. Kms laslms jpjrtueadmdgs pmrm km jotgehaøe dg oghms y jtrms suovgehajegs pmrm hursmr gstudajs3 g. Kms laslms jpjrtueadmdgs dg mhhgsj m kjs prjnrmlms dg gduhmhaøe hjlpkglgetmram, aehkuadjs kjs prjnrmlms dg mkimogtazmhaøe iuehajemk y

gduhmtavm ge tjdjs kjs eavgkgs, aehkuadms kms gshugkms supgrajrgs dg ijrlmhaøe djhgetg y táheahm hje gk jo`gtavj dg qug gstm hurrìhukm hjetraouym m uem hukturm dg rgspgtj g gk íloatj imlakamr, hjlueatmraj, gshjkmr, kmojrmk y sjhamk ge km hjtadamegadmd. Msalaslj, sjkahatm aehkuar ge kjs pkmegs dg ijrlmhaøe y mhtumkazmhaøe djhgetg km dgtghhaøe prghjz dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms eaýms, aehkuygedj m eaýms aedìngems3 gstmokghgr lgdadms dg gshjkmrazmhaøe aelgdamtm dg ba`ms m g ba`js dg lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham3 rgvasmr y mhtumkazmr kaorjs dg tgxtjs ge kjs lmrhj dg km Kgy3 gstmokghgr sastglms j prjnrmlms dg dgeueham dg vajkgeham3 aestruar ge km ijrlm dg dgeueham dg vajkgeham y msgnurmrsg qug kms lu`grgs aedìngems aenrgsge y pgrlmegzhme ge km gduhmhaøe ijrlmk. Mrtìhukj =40 msanem m km Xghrgtmrìm dg Aeijrlmhaøe y Hjlueahmhaøe km rgspjesmoakadmd dg daiuedar lgesm`gs y

dg mduktjs, hje larms ge pmrtahukmr m rgduhar kj metgs pjsaokg km daigrgeham dg hjejhalagetjs gxastgetgs getrg gk bjlorg y km lu`gr3 i. Km rgduhhaøe dg km tmsm dg momedjej iglgeaej dg kjs gstudajs y km jrnmeazmhaøe dg prjnrmlms pmrm mqugkkms `øvgegs y lu`grgs qug bmyme dg`mdj kjs gstudajs prglmturmlgetg3 n. Kms laslms jpjrtueadmdgs pmrm pmrtahapmr mhtavmlgetg ge gk dgpjrtg y km gduhmhaøe iìsahm3 b. Mhhgsj mk lmtgramk aeijrlmtavj

hmlpmýms pgrlmegetgs dg sgesaoakazmhaøe y hjehagehamhaøe daranadms m km pjokmhaøe ge ngegrmk y praehapmklgetg m kms lu`grgs sjorg gk dgrghbj m vavar uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham y m km ej dashralaemhaøe. Mrtìhukj =70 msanem m km Xghrgtmrìm dg Tghejkjnìms dg km Aeijrlmhaøe km rgspjesmoakadmd rgmkazmr hmlpmýms pgrlmegetgs dg sgesaoakazmhaøe y hjehagehamhaøe daranadms m km pjokmhaøe ge ngegrmk y praehapmklgetg m kms lu`grgs sjorg km vajkgeham tgkglítahm y lgdadms dg prgvgehaøe.

gspghìiahj qug hjetraouym m msgnurmr km smkud y gk oagegstmr dg km imlakam. Mrtìhukj == =. Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs mdjptmríe tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms pmrm gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr ge km gsigrm dgk glpkgj m iae dg msgnurmr, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, kjs lasljs dgrghbjs, ge pmrtahukmr0 m. Gk dgrghbj mk trmom`j hjlj dgrghbj aemkagemokg dg tjdj sgr bulmej3

Mrtìhukj 40 getrg kjs dgrghbjs prjtgnadjs aehkuyg mk dgrghbj mk trmom`j y mk dgrghbj m km pkmeaiahmhaøe imlakamr y dg km smkud lmtgrej aeimetak. Mrtìhukj 70 dgiaeg dashralaemhaøe hjlj0 Tjdm dastaehaøe, gxhkusaøe j rgstrahhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr qug tgenm pjr jo`gtj j rgsuktmdj lgejshmomr j meukmr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg j g`grhahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, ge kms gsigrms0 pjkìtahm, ghjeølahm, sjhamk, hukturmk, havak y kmojrmk, ym ?>2

o. Gk dgrghbj m kms laslms jpjrtueadmdgs dg glpkgj, aehkusavg m km mpkahmhaøe dg kjs lasljs hratgrajs dg sgkghhaøe dg hugstajegs dg glpkgj3 h. Gk dgrghbj m gkgnar kaorglgetg prjigsaøe y glpkgj, gk dgrghbj mk mshgesj, m km gstmoakadmd ge gk glpkgj y m tjdms kms prgstmhajegs y jtrms hjedahajegs dg sgrvahaj, y gk dgrghbj mk mhhgsj m km ijrlmhaøe prjigsajemk y mk rgmdagstrmlagetj, aehkuadj gk mprgedazm`g, km ijrlmhaøe prjigsajemk y gk mdagstrmlagetj pgraødahj3 d. Gk dgrghbj m anumk rgluegrmhaøe, aehkusavg prgstmhajegs, y m anumkdmd dg trmtj hje rgspghtj m ue trmom`j

sgm ge gk sghtjr pðokahj j pravmdj, j ge humkquagr jtrj íloatj. Mrtìhukj 90 gstmokghg getrg kjs tapjs dg vajkgeham m mqugkkm qug mtgetm hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs ge ngegrmk y vajkgeham kmojrmk ge pmrtahukmr aehkuygedj m kms mlgemzms dg dgstatuhaøe j dgspadj aeùstaiahmdj, mk dgspadj durmetg gk glomrmzj y km alpjsahaøe dg rgquasatjs qug alpkaquge ue lgejshmoj m su hjedahaøe kmojrmk y gstáe rgkmhajemdjs hje su gstmdj havak, imlakamr, gdmd y mpmrageham iìsahm aehkuadm km jokanmhaøe dg rgmkazmrsg prugoms dgk varus dg aeluejdgiahageham bulmem y glomrmzj. Mrtìhukj >0 getrg kjs praehapajs rghtjrgs sg aehkuyg mk glpjdgrmlagetj dg km lu`gr hjlj km aedgpgedgeham dg km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham rgspgtj m km tjlm dg dghasajegs y rgstmokghalagetj dg su daneadmd. Mrtìhukj =40 msanem mk Laeastgraj dg Trmom`j, Glpkgj y Xgnuradmd Xjhamk km rgspjesmoakadmd

dg anumk vmkjr, msì hjlj m anumkdmd dg trmtj hje rgspghtj m km gvmkumhaøe dg km hmkadmd dg trmom`j3 g. Gk dgrghbj m km sgnuradmd sjhamk, ge pmrtahukmr ge hmsjs dg ùoakmhaøe, dgsglpkgj, geigrlgdmd, aevmkadgz, vg`gz u jtrm aehmpmhadmd pmrm trmom`mr, msì hjlj gk dgrghbj m vmhmhajegs pmnmdms3 i. Gk dgrghbj m km prjtghhaøe dg km smkud y m km sgnuradmd ge kms

dg gstmokghgr pjkìtahms pmrm km rghupgrmhaøe dg kms lu`grgs trmom`mdjrms ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham y km rgstatuhaøe dg sus dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs3 gstmokghgr prjnrmlms dg hmpmhatmhaøe táheahm y prjduhtavm pmrm lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham y dg aesgrhaøe kmojrmk3 gkmojrmr y pjegr ge príhtahm hratgrajs pmrm km aehkusaøe dgkms lu`grgs ge kjs pkmegs y prjnrmlms dg ijrtmkghalagetj y prjljhaøe kmojrmk3 g`ghutmr prjnrmlms pmrm gk glpjdgrmlagetj sjhamk y ghjeølahj dg kms lu`grgs aehkuadj gk mhhgsj mk hrádatj, km hmpmhatmhaøe prjigsajemk y

hjedahajegs dg dg trmom`j, aehkusj km smkvmnumrdam km iuehaøe dg rgprjduhhaøe. ?. M iae dg alpgdar km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr pjr rmzjegs dg lmtraljeaj j lmtgreadmd y msgnurmr km gightavadmd dg su dgrghbj m trmom`mr, kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs tjlmríe lgdadms mdghumdms pmrm0 m. Vrjbaoar, om`j pgem dg smehajegs, gk dgspadj pjr ljtavj dg glomrmzj j kahgeham dg lmtgreadmd y km

glprgsmramk, msìgetrg hjljbjlorgs km rgduhhaøe dg km orghbm smkmramk y lu`grgs3 dgsmrrjkkmr prjnrmlms dg sgesaoakazmhaøe y hmpmhatmhaøe m glprgsms y saedahmtjs pmrm gkalaemr km vajkgeham kmojrmk hjetrm kms lu`grgs y prjljvgr km anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs y jpjrtueadmdgs ge gk íloatj kmojrmk3 y, gstmokghgr lghmeasljs dg vanakmeham y smehaøe dgk Gstmdj pjr gk aehulpkalagetj dg kjs dgrghbjs kmojrmkgs dg km lu`gr, hje prajradmd dg kms qug vavge ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham.

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dashralaemhaøe ge kjs dgspadjs sjorg km omsg dg gstmdj havak3 o. Alpkmetmr km kahgeham dg lmtgreadmd hje sugkdj pmnmdj j hje prgstmhajegs sjhamkgs hjlpmrmokgs sae párdadm dgk glpkgj prgvaj, km metanûgdmd j ogegiahajs sjhamkgs3 h. Mkgetmr gk sulaeastrj dg kjs sgrvahajs sjhamkgs dg mpjyj eghgsmrajs pmrm pgrlatar qug kjs pmdrgs hjloaege kms jokanmhajegs pmrm hje km imlakam hje kms rgspjesmoakadmdgs dgk trmom`j y km pmrtahapmhaøe ge km vadm pðokahm, gspghamklgetg lgdametg gk ijlgetj dg km hrgmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj dg uem rgd dg sgrvahajs dgstaemdjs mk huadmdj dg kjs eaýjs3 d. Vrgstmr prjtghhaøe gspghamk m km lu`gr durmetg gk glomrmzj ge kjs tapjs dg trmom`js qug sg bmym prjomdj pugdme rgsuktmr pgrùdahamkgs pmrm gkkm. 8. Km kgnaskmhaøe prjtghtjrm rgkmhajemdm hje kms hugstajegs hjlprgedadms ge gstg mrtìhukj sgrí gxmlaemdm pgraødahmlgetg m km kuz dg kjs hjejhalagetjs hagetìiahjs y tghejkønahjs y sgrí rgvasmdm, dgrjnmdm j mlpkamdm sgnðe hjrrgspjedm. Mrtìhukj =? =. Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs mdjptmríe tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms pmrm gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr ge km gsigrm dg km mtgehaøe ládahm m iae dg msgnurmr, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, gk mhhgsj m sgrvahajs dg mtgehaøe ládahm, aehkusavg kjs qug sg rgiagrge m km pkmeaiahmhaøe dg km imlakam. ?. Xae pgrùahaj dg kj daspugstj ge gk pírrmij = suprm, kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs nmrmetazmríe m km lu`gr sgrvahajs mprjpamdjs ge rgkmhaøe hje gk glomrmzj, gk pmrtj y gk pgrìjdj pjstgrajr mk pmrtj, prjpjrhajemedj sgrvahajs nrmtuatjs humedj iugrg eghgsmraj y kg msgnurmríe uem

Mrtìhukj 40 getrg kjs dgrghbjs prjtgnadjs aehkuyg mk dgrghbj mk trmom`j y mk dgrghbj m km pkmeaiahmhaøe imlakamr y dg km smkud lmtgrej aeimetak. Mrtìhukj 70 dgiaeg dashralaemhaøe hjlj0 Tjdm dastaehaøe, gxhkusaøe j rgstrahhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr qug tgenm pjr jo`gtj j rgsuktmdj lgejshmomr j meukmr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg j g`grhahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, ge kms gsigrms0 pjkìtahm, ghjeølahm, sjhamk, hukturmk, havak y kmojrmk, ym sgm ge gk sghtjr pðokahj j pravmdj, j ge humkquagr jtrj íloatj. Mrtìhukj 90 gstmokghg getrg kjs tapjs dg vajkgeham m mqugkkm qug mtgetm hjetrm kjs ?26

eutrahaøe mdghumdm durmetg gk glomrmzj y km kmhtmeham.

dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs ge ngegrmk y vajkgeham jostátrahm g aestatuhajemk ge pmrtahukmr dgiaeagedj m km pralgrm hjlj km g`grhadm pjr gk pgrsjemk dg smkud j kms pmrtgrms glpìrahms sjorg gk hugrpj dg kms lu`grgs y dg kjs prjhgsjs iasajkønahjs j pmtjkønahjs prgsgetgs durmetg su glomrmzj, y kms gtmpms rgkmhajemdms hje km ngstmhaøe y gk pmrtj, aehkuygedj msalaslj tjdj trmtj dgsbulmeazmdj qug vajkg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dg kms lu`grgs. Km dgiaeahaøe dg vajkgeham aestatuhajemk aehkuyg m tjdj mhtj y jlasaøe hjlgtadj pjr uem pgrsjem iuehajemram pðokahm j pravmdm qug tgenm hjlj iae rgtmrdmr j alpgdar m kms lu`grgs gk mhhgsj m sgrvahajs j qug ge su prgstmhaøe sg oraedg ue trmtj dashralaemtjraj j bulakkmetg. Mrtìhukj >0 getrg kjs praehapajs rghtjrgs sg aehkuyg mk glpjdgrmlagetj dg km lu`gr hjlj km aedgpgedgeham dg km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham rgspgtj m km tjlm dg dghasajegs y rgstmokghalagetj dg su daneadmd. Mrtìhukj =40 msanem mk Laeastgraj dg Xmkud Vðokahm y Oagegstmr Xjhamk km jokanmhaøe dg dasgýmr y mpkahmr prjtjhjkjs gspghìiahjs dg dgtghhaøe prghjz y mtgehaøe m kms lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham, ge tjdms sus gspghamkadmdgs3 jrnmeazmr gightavmlgetg km mpkahmhaøe dg ue _gnastrj dg kms pgrsjems msastadms pjr satumhajegs dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, pmrm kjs rgpjrtgs mk Xastglm Ðeahj y Gstmedmrazmdj dg _gnastrj3 djtmr dg prgsupugstj suiahagetg mk Vrjnrmlm Emhajemk dg Vrgvgehaøe y Mtgehaøe m km Yajkgeham, dgpgedagetg dg kmdg Darghhaøe dg Náegrj Darghhaøe Ngegrmk Vrjnrmlms dg Xmkuddg u km jtrms aeahamtavms3 hrgmr prjnrmlms pmrm km mtgehaøe aetgnrmk m lu`grgs ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham hjlj dg sus ba`ms g ba`js3 gstmokghgr ue sastglm dg sgrvahaj dg smkud aetgnrmk ge kms Hmsm dg Mhjnadm dgpgedagetg dg kms Njogremhajegs, kms qug dgogríe alpkglgetmr kjs kaegmlagetjs dgk prjnrmlm emhajemk pmrm km prgvgehaøe y mtgehaøe aetgnrmk dg km vajkgeham3 hrgmr prjnrmlms pmrm km mtgehaøe psahjkønahm dg km pgrsjem mnrgsjrm, m iae dg gvatmr km rgaehadgeham3 jtjrnmr, ge ijrlm aelgdamtm, km hjestmeham ?2=

ládahm y damneøstahj ládahj y/j psahjkønahj m kms vìhtalms dg vajkgeham qug mhudme mk sgrvahaj dg smkud3 y, sgesaoakazmr y hmpmhatmr mk pgrsjemk dg smkud y ljeatjrgmr km iuehaøe dgsglpgýmdm pjr kjs lasljs ge tjrej m kjs tglms dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. Mrtìhukj =8 Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs mdjptmríe tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms pmrm gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr ge jtrms gsigrms dg km vadm ghjeølahm y sjhamk m iae dg msgnurmr, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, kjs lasljs dgrghbjs, ge pmrtahukmr0 m. Gk dgrghbj m prgstmhajegs imlakamrgs3 o. Gk dgrghbj m jotgegr prástmljs omehmrajs, bapjtghms y jtrms ijrlms dg hrádatj iaemehagrj3 h. Gk dgrghbj m pmrtahapmr ge mhtavadmdgs dg gspmrhalagetj, dgpjrtgs y ge tjdjs kjs mspghtjs dg km vadm hukturmk. Mrtìhukj =4 =. Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs tgedríe ge hugetm kjs prjokglms gspghamkgs m qug bmhg irgetg km lu`gr rurmk y gk alpjrtmetg pmpgk qug dgsglpgým ge km supgrvavgeham ghjeølahm dg su imlakam, aehkuadj su trmom`j ge kjs sghtjrgs ej ljegtmrajs dg km ghjejlìm, y tjlmríe tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms pmrm msgnurmr km mpkahmhaøe dg kms daspjsahajegs dg km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe m km lu`gr dg kms zjems rurmkgs. ?. Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs mdjptmríe tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms pmrm gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr ge kms zjems rurmkgs m iae dg msgnurmr, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, su pmrtahapmhaøe ge gk dgsmrrjkkj rurmk y ge sus ogegiahajs, y ge pmrtahukmr kg msgnurmríe gk dgrghbj m0 m. Vmrtahapmr ge km gkmojrmhaøe y g`ghuhaøe dg kjs pkmegs dg dgsmrrjkkj m tjdjs kjs eavgkgs3 o. Tgegr mhhgsj m sgrvahajs mdghumdjs dg mtgehaøe ládahm,

Mrtìhukj 70 dgiaeg dashralaemhaøe hjlj0 Tjdm dastaehaøe, gxhkusaøe j rgstrahhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr qug tgenm pjr jo`gtj j rgsuktmdj lgejshmomr j meukmr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg j g`grhahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, ge kms gsigrms0 pjkìtahm, ghjeølahm, sjhamk, hukturmk, havak y kmojrmk, ym sgm ge gk sghtjr pðokahj j pravmdj, j ge humkquagr jtrj íloatj. Mrtìhukj >0 getrg kjs praehapajs rghtjrgs sg aehkuyg mk glpjdgrmlagetj dg km lu`gr hjlj km aedgpgedgeham dg km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham rgspgtj m km tjlm dg dghasajegs y rgstmokghalagetj dg su daneadmd. Mrtìhukj 80 dgiaeg gk íloatj dg mpkahmhaøe dg km Kgy tmetj dgetrj dg km imlakam j ueadmd djlástahm, ge km hjlueadmd sae qug sgm eghgsmraj mknðe vìehukj j pgrpgtrmdm j tjkgrmdm pjr gk Gstmdj, sae mdlatar eaenuem ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe. Mrtìhukj 70 dgiaeg dashralaemhaøe hjlj0 Tjdm dastaehaøe, gxhkusaøe j rgstrahhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr qug tgenm pjr jo`gtj j rgsuktmdj lgejshmomr j meukmr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg j g`grhahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, ge kms gsigrms0 pjkìtahm, ghjeølahm, sjhamk, hukturmk, havak y kmojrmk, ym sgm ge gk sghtjr pðokahj j pravmdj, j ge humkquagr jtrj íloatj. Mrtìhukj >0 getrg kjs praehapajs rghtjrgs sg aehkuyg mk glpjdgrmlagetj dg km lu`gr hjlj km aedgpgedgeham dg km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham rgspgtj m km tjlm dg dghasajegs y rgstmokghalagetj dg su daneadmd.

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aehkusavg aeijrlmhaøe, msgsjrmlagetj y sgrvahajs ge lmtgram dg pkmeaiahmhaøe dg km imlakam3 h. Ogegiahamrsg darghtmlgetg dg kjs prjnrmlms dg sgnuradmd sjhamk3 d. Jotgegr tjdjs kjs tapjs dg gduhmhaøe y dg ijrlmhaøe, mhmdálahm y ej mhmdálahm, aehkuadjs kjs rgkmhajemdjs hje km mkimogtazmhaøe iuehajemk, msì hjlj, getrg jtrjs, kjs ogegiahajs dg tjdjs kjs sgrvahajs hjlueatmrajs y dg davuknmhaøe m iae dg mulgetmr su hmpmhadmd táheahm3 g. Jrnmeazmr nrupjs dg mutjmyudm y hjjpgrmtavms m iae dg jotgegr anumkdmd dg mhhgsj m kms jpjrtueadmdgs ghjeølahms lgdametg gk glpkgj pjr hugetm prjpam j pjr hugetm m`gem3 i. Vmrtahapmr ge tjdms kms mhtavadmdgs hjlueatmrams3 n. Jotgegr mhhgsj m kjs hrádatjs y prástmljs mnrìhjkms, m kjs sgrvahajs dg hjlgrhamkazmhaøe y m kms tghejkjnìms mprjpamdms, y rghaoar ue trmtj anumk ge kjs pkmegs dg rgijrlm mnrmram y dg rgmsgetmlagetj3 b. Njzmr dg hjedahajegs dg vadm mdghumdms, pmrtahukmrlgetg ge kms gsigrms dg km vavagedm, kjs sgrvahajs smeatmrajs, km gkghtrahadmd y gk momstghalagetj dg mnum, gk trmespjrtg y kms hjlueahmhajegs. Vmrtg AY Mrtìhukj =7 =. Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs rghjejhgríe m km lu`gr km anumkdmd hje gk bjlorg metg km kgy. ?. Kjs Gstmdj Vmrtgs rghjejhgríe m km lu`gr, ge lmtgrams havakgs, uem hmpmhadmd ùrìdahm adáetahm m km dgk bjlorg y kms laslms jpjrtueadmdgs

Mrtìhukj =0 gstmokghg gk jo`gtj ge gk gstmokghalagetj dg pjkìtahms y gstrmtgnams pmrm km prgvgehaøe, mtgehaøe y smehaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj pravmdj. Mrtìhukj ?0 gstmokghg qug km iaemkadmd dg km kgy gs km dg prjljvgr y nmrmetazmr gk dgrghbj dg kms lu`grgs m vavar uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham.

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pmrm gk g`grhahaj dg gsm hmpmhadmd. Ge pmrtahukmr, kg rghjejhgríe m km lu`gr anumkgs dgrghbjs pmrm iarlmr hjetrmtjs y mdlaeastrmr oagegs y kg daspgesmríe ue trmtj anumk ge tjdms kms gtmpms dgk prjhgdalagetj ge kms hjrtgs dg ùstaham y kjs traouemkgs. 8. Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs hjevagege ge qug tjdj hjetrmtj j humkquagr jtrj aestrulgetj pravmdj hje gightj ùrìdahj qug tagedm m kalatmr km hmpmhadmd ùrìdahm dg km lu`gr sg hjesadgrmrí eukj. 4. Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs rghjejhgríe mk bjlorg y m km lu`gr kjs lasljs dgrghbjs hje rgspghtj m km kgnaskmhaøe rgkmtavm mk dgrghbj dg kms pgrsjems m harhukmr kaorglgetg y m km kaogrtmd pmrm gkgnar su rgsadgeham y djlahakaj. Mrtìhukj =9 =. Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs mdjptmríe tjdms kms lgdadms mdghumdms pmrm gkalaemr km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr ge tjdjs kjs msuetjs rgkmhajemdjs hje gk lmtraljeaj y kms rgkmhajegs imlakamrgs y, ge pmrtahukmr, msgnurmríe, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs0 m. Gk laslj dgrghbj pmrm hjetrmgr lmtraljeaj3 o. Gk laslj dgrghbj pmrm gkgnar kaorglgetg høeyung y hjetrmgr lmtraljeaj søkj pjr su kaorg mkogdrìj y su pkgej hjesgetalagetj3 h. Kjs lasljs dgrghbjs y rgspjesmoakadmdgs durmetg gk lmtraljeaj y hje jhmsaøe dg su dasjkuhaøe3 d. Kjs lasljs dgrghbjs y rgspjesmoakadmdgs hjlj prjngeatjrgs, humkquagrm qug sgm su gstmdj havak, ge lmtgrams rgkmhajemdms hje sus ba`js3 ge tjdjs kjs hmsjs, kjs aetgrgsgs dg kjs ba`js sgríe km hjesadgrmhaøe praljrdamk3 g. Kjs lasljs dgrghbjs m dghadar kaorg y rgspjesmokglgetg gk

Mrtìhukj 40 getrg kjs dgrghbjs prjtgnadjs sg aehkuyg m kjs dgrghbjs dg anumkdmd metg km kgy, m km prjpagdmd y mk mhhgsj m km ùstaham. Mrtìhukj 70 dgiaeg dashralaemhaøe hjlj0 Tjdm dastaehaøe, gxhkusaøe j rgstrahhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr qug tgenm pjr jo`gtj j rgsuktmdj lgejshmomr j meukmr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg j g`grhahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, ge kms gsigrms0 pjkìtahm, ghjeølahm, sjhamk, hukturmk, havak y kmojrmk, ym sgm ge gk sghtjr pðokahj j pravmdj, j ge humkquagr jtrj íloatj.

Mrtìhukj =0 gstmokghg gk jo`gtj ge gk gstmokghalagetj dg pjkìtahms y gstrmtgnams pmrm km prgvgehaøe, mtgehaøe y smehaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj pravmdj. Mrtìhukj ?0 gstmokghg qug km iaemkadmd dg km kgy gs km dg prjljvgr y nmrmetazmr gk dgrghbj dg kms lu`grgs m vavar uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham. Mrtìhukj 40 getrg kjs dgrghbjs prjtgnadjs aehkuyg mk dgrghbj m km anumkdmd metg km kgy y m km anumkdmd ge km imlakam. Mrtìhukj 70 dgiaeg dashralaemhaøe hjlj0 Tjdm dastaehaøe, gxhkusaøe j rgstrahhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr qug tgenm pjr jo`gtj j rgsuktmdj lgejshmomr j meukmr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg j g`grhahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, ge kms gsigrms0 pjkìtahm, ghjeølahm, sjhamk, hukturmk, havak y kmojrmk, ym sgm ge gk sghtjr pðokahj j pravmdj, j ge humkquagr jtrj íloatj. Mrtìhukj 90 gstmokghg getrg kjs tapjs dg vajkgeham m mqugkkm qug mtgetm hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs.

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eðlgrj dg sus ba`js y gk aetgrvmkj getrg kjs emhalagetjs y m tgegr mhhgsj km aeijrlmhaøe, km gduhmhaøe y kjs lgdajs qug kgs pgrlatme g`grhgr gstjs dgrghbjs3 i. Kjs lasljs dgrghbjs y rgspjesmoakadmdgs rgspghtj dg km tutgkm, hurmtgkm, hustjdam y mdjphaøe dg kjs ba`js, j aestatuhajegs meíkjnms humedj quagrm qug gstjs hjehgptjs gxastme ge km kgnaskmhaøe emhajemk3 ge tjdjs kjs hmsjs, kjs aetgrgsgs dg kjs ba`js sgríe km hjesadgrmhaøe praljrdamk3 n. Kjs lasljs dgrghbjs pgrsjemkgs hjlj lmradj y lu`gr, getrg gkkjs gk dgrghbj m gkgnar mpgkkadj, prjigsaøe y jhupmhaøe3 b. Kjs lasljs dgrghbjs m hmdm uej dg kjs høeyungs ge lmtgram dg prjpagdmd, hjlprms, ngstaøe, mdlaeastrmhaøe, njhg y daspjsahaøe dg kjs oagegs, tmetj m tìtukj nrmtuatj hjlj jegrjsj. ?. Ej tgedríe eaenðe gightj ùrìdahj kjs gspjesmkgs y gk lmtraljeaj dg eaýjs y sg mdjptmríe tjdms kms lgdadms eghgsmrams, aehkusj dg hmríhtgr kgnaskmtavj, pmrm ia`mr uem gdmd lìealm pmrm km hgkgormhaøe dgk lmtraljeaj y bmhgr jokanmtjram km aeshraphaøe dgk lmtraljeaj ge ue rgnastrj jiahamk. Mrtìhukj => =. Hje gk iae dg gxmlaemr kjs prjnrgsjs rgmkazmdjs ge km mpkahmhaøe dg km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe, sg gstmokghgrí ue Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km Lu`gr (dgejlaemdj ge mdgkmetg gk Hjlatá) hjlpugstj, ge gk ljlgetj dg km getrmdm ge vanjr dg km Hjevgehaøe, dg daghajhbj y, dgspuás dg su rmtaiahmhaøe j mdbgsaøe pjr gk tranásalj quaetj Gstmdj Vmrtg, dg vgaetatrás gxpgrtjs dg nrme prgstanaj ljrmk y hjlpgtgeham ge km

Mrtìhukj 40 getrg kjs dgrghbjs prjtgnadjs aehkuyg mk dgrghbj m pmrtahapmr dg kjs msuetjs pðokahjs.

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gsigrm momrhmdm pjr km Hjevgehaøe. Kjs gxpgrtjs sgríe gkgnadjs pjr kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs getrg sus emhajemkgs, y g`grhgríe sus iuehajegs m tìtukj pgrsjemk3 sg tgedríe ge hugetm uem dastraouhaøe ngjnríiahm gquatmtavm y km rgprgsgetmhaøe dg kms daigrgetgs ijrlms dg havakazmhaøe, msì hjlj kjs praehapmkgs sastglms ùrìdahjs. ?. Kjs laglorjs dg Hjlatá sgríe gkgnadjs ge vjtmhaøe sghrgtm dg uem kastm dg pgrsjems dgsanemdms pjr kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs. Hmdm uej dg kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs pjdrí dgsanemr uem pgrsjem getrg sus prjpajs emhajemkgs. 8. Km gkghhaøe aeahamk sg hgkgormrí sgas lgsgs dgspuás dg km ighbm dg getrmdm ge vanjr dg km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe. Mk lgejs trgs lgsgs metgs dg km ighbm dg hmdm gkghhaøe, gk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms daranarí uem hmrtm m kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs aevatíedjkjs m prgsgetmr sus hmedadmturms ge ue pkmzj dg djs lgsgs. Gk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk prgpmrmrí uem kastm pjr jrdge mkimoátahj dg tjdms kms pgrsjems dgsanemdms dg gstg ljdj, aedahmedj kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs qug kms bme dgsanemdj, y km hjlueahmrí m kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs. 4. Kjs laglorjs dg Hjlatá sgríe gkgnadjs ge uem rgueaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs qug sgrí hjevjhmdm pjr gk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk y sg hgkgormrí ge km Xgdg dg kms Emhajegs Weadms. Ge gstm rgueaøe, pmrm km ijrlmríe quørul djs tgrhajs dg kjshumk Gstmdjs Vmrtgs, sg hjesadgrmríe gkgnadjs pmrm gk Hjlatá kjs hmedadmtjs qug jotgenme gk lmyjr eðlgrj dg vjtjs y km lmyjrìm mosjkutm dg kjs vjtjs dg kjs rgprgsgetmetgs dg kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs prgsgetgs y vjtmetgs. 7. Kjs laglorjs dg Hjlatá sgríe gkgnadjs pjr humtrj mýjs. Ej jostmetg, gk lmedmtj dg eugvg dg kjs laglorjs gkgnadjs ge km pralgrm gkghhaøe gxparmrí mk hmoj dg djs mýjs3 aelgdamtmlgetg dgspuás dg km pralgrm gkghhaøe gk Vrgsadgetg dgk Hjlatá dgsanemrí pjr ?29

sjrtgj kjs ejlorgs dg gsjs eugvg laglorjs. 9. Km gkghhaøe dg kjs haehj laglorjs mdahajemkgs dgk Hjlatá sg hgkgormrí dg hjeijrladmd hje kj daspugstj ge kjs pírrmijs ?, 8 y 4 dgk prgsgetg mrtìhukj, dgspuás dg qug gk tranásalj quaetj Gstmdj Vmrtg bmym rmtaiahmdj km Hjevgehaøe j sg bmym mdbgradj m gkkm. Gk lmedmdj dg djs dg kjs laglorjs mdahajemkgs gkgnadjs ge gstm jhmsaøe, huyjs ejlorgs dgsanemrí pjr sjrtgj gk Vrgsadgetg dg Hjlatá, gxparmrí mk hmoj dg djs mýjs. >. Vmrm huorar kms vmhmetgs alprgvastms, gk Gstmdj Vmrtg huyj gxpgrtj bmym hgsmdj ge sus iuehajegs hjlj laglorj dgk Hjlatá dgsanemrí getrg sus emhajemkgs m jtrj gxpgrtj m rgsgrvm dg km mprjomhaøe dgk Hjlatá. 2. Kjs laglorjs dgk Hjlatá, prgvam mprjomhaøe dg km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk, pgrhaoaríe gljkulgetjs dg kjs ijedjs dg kms Emhajegs Weadms ge km ijrlm y hjedahajegs qug km Msmlokgm dgtgrlaeg, tgeagedj ge hugetm km alpjrtmeham dg kms iuehajegs dgk Hjlatá. 1. Gk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms prjpjrhajemrí gk pgrsjemk y kjs sgrvahajs eghgsmrajs pmrm gk dgsglpgýj giahmz dg kms iuehajegs dgk Hjlatá ge vartud dg km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe. Mrtìhukj =2 =. Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs sg hjlprjlgtge m sjlgtgr mk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms, pmrm qug kj gxmlaeg gk Hjlatá, ue aeijrlg sjorg kms lgdadms kgnaskmtavms, ùdahamkgs, mdlaeastrmtavms j dg jtrm ìedjkg qug bmyme mdjptmdj pmrm bmhgr gightavms kms daspjsahajegs dg km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe y sjorg kjs prjnrgsjs rgmkazmdjs ge gstg sgetadj0 m. Ge gk pkmzj dg ue mýj m pmrtar dg km getrmdm ge vanjr dg km Hjevgehaøe pmrm gk Gstmdj dg qug sg trmtg3 y

Mrtìhukj =?0 getrg kms hjlpgtgehams y mtraouhajegs dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr sg aehkuyge kms dg gkmojrmr, alpkglgetmr y ljeatjrgmr ue Vkme Emhajemk dg Mhhaøe pmrm km Vrgvgehaøe, Xmehaøe y Grrmdahmhaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr3 mrtahukmr y hjjrdaemr mhhajegs dg hulpkalagetj dg km Kgy y tjdms mqugkkms mhhajegs qug gstalg hjevgeagetgs pmrm kjnrmr km prgvgehaøe, smehaøe y grrmdahmhaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, kj qug aehkuyg gk sgnualagetj y mpkahmhaøe dg km Hjevgehaøe y kms rghjlgedmhajegs dg kjs ørnmejs hjevgehajemkgs, aehkuygedj mk Hjlatá HGDM^. ?2>

o. Ge kj suhgsavj pjr kj lgejs hmdm humtrj mýjs y, mdglís, humedj gk Hjlatá kj sjkahatg. ?. Xg pjdríe aedahmr ge kjs aeijrlgs kjs imhtjrgs y kms daiahuktmdgs qug mightge mk nrmdj dg hulpkalagetj dg kms jokanmhajegs alpugstms pjr km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe. Mrtìhukj =1 Gk hjlatá mprjomrí su prjpaj rgnkmlgetj. Gk hjlatá gkgnarí su Lgsm pjr ue pgrìjdj djs mýjs. Mrtìhukj ?6 =. Gk hjlatá sg rguearí ejrlmklgetg tjdjs kjs mýjs pjr ue pgrìjdj qug ej gxhgdm dg djs sglmems pmrm gxmlaemr kjs aeijrlgs qug sg kg prgsgetge dg hjeijrladmd hje gk mrtìhukj =2 dg km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe. ?. Kms rgueajegs dgk Hjlatá sg hgkgormríe ejrlmklgetg ge km Xgdg dg kms Emhajegs Weadms j ge humkquagr jtrj sataj hjevgeagetg qug dgtgrlaeg gk Hjlatá. Mrtìhukj ?= =. Gk hjlatá, pjr hjeduhtj dgk Hjesg`j Ghjeølahj y Xjhamk, aeijrlmrí meumklgetg m km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms sjorg sus mhtavadmdgs y pjdrí bmhgr sungrgehams y rghjlgedmhajegs dg hmríhtgr ngegrmk omsmdjs ge gk gxmlge dg kjs aeijrlgs y dg kjs dmtjs trmeslatadjs pjr kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs. Gstms sungrgehams y

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rghjlgedmhajegs dg hmríhtgr ngegrmk sg aehkuaríe ge gk aeijrlg dgk Hjlatá ùetj hje kms josgrvmhajegs, sa kms buoagrg, dg kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs. ?. Gk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk trmeslatarí kjs aeijrlgs dgk Hjlatá m km Hjlasaøe dg km Hjedahaøe @urìdahm y Xjhamk dg km Lu`gr pmrm su aeijrlmhaøe. Mrtìhukj ?? Kjs jrnmeasljs gspghamkazmdjs tgedríe dgrghbj m gstmr rgprgsgetmdjs ge gk gxmlge dg km mpkahmhaøe dg kms daspjsahajegs dg km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe qug hjrrgspjedme m km gsigrm dg sus

Mrtìhukj =?0 getrg kms hjlpgtgehams y mtraouhajegs dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr sg aehkuyge kms dg gkmojrmr, alpkglgetmr y ljeatjrgmr ue Vkme Emhajemk dg Mhhaøe pmrm km Vrgvgehaøe, Xmehaøe y Grrmdahmhaøe dg km

mhtavadmdgs. Gk Hjlatá pjdrí aevatmr m kjs

Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr3 mrtahukmr y ?22

jrnmeasljs gspghamkazmdjs m qug prgsgetge aeijrlgs sjorg km mpkahmhaøe dg km Hjevgehaøe ge kms írgms qug hjrrgspjedme m km gsigrm dg sus mhtavadmdgs.

VM_TG YA Mrtìhukj ?8 Emdm dg kj daspugstj ge km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe mightmrí m daspjsahaøe mknuem qug sgm lís hjeduhgetg mk kjnrj dg km anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs y qug pugdm ijrlmr dg0 m. Km kgnaskmhaøe dg ue Gstmdj Vmrtg3 j o. Humkquagr jtrm hjevgehaøe, trmtmdj j mhugrdj aetgremhajemk vangetg ge gsg Gstmdj. Mrtìhukj ?4 Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs sg hjlprjlgtge m mdjptmr tjdms kms lgdadms eghgsmrams ge gk íloatj emhajemk pmrm hjesgnuar km pkgem rgmkazmhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs rghjejhadjs ge km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe.

Mrtìhukj ?7 =. Km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe gstmrí moagrtm m km iarlm dg tjdjs kjs Gstmdjs. ?. Xg dgsanem mk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms dgpjsatmraj dg km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe. 8. Km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe gstí su`gtm m rmtaiahmhaøe. Kjs aestrulgetjs dg rmtaiahmhaøe sg dgpjsatmríe ge pjdgr dgk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms. 4. Km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe gstmrí moagrtm m km mdbgsaøe dg tjdjs kjs Gstmdjs. Km mdbgsaøe sg gightumrí dgpjsatmedj ue aestrulgetj dg mdbgsaøe ge pjdgr dgk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms. Mrtìhukj ?9 =. Ge humkquagr ljlgetj, humkquagrm dg kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs pjdrí ijrlukmr uem

hjjrdaemr mhhajegs dg hulpkalagetj dg km Kgy y tjdms mqugkkms mhhajegs qug gstalg hjevgeagetgs pmrm kjnrmr km prgvgehaøe, smehaøe y grrmdahmhaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, kj qug aehkuyg gk sgnualagetj y mpkahmhaøe dg km Hjevgehaøe y kms rghjlgedmhajegs dg kjs ørnmejs hjevgehajemkgs, aehkuygedj mk Hjlatá HGDM^. Ej mpkahm

Mrtìhukj =0 gstmokghg gk jo`gtj ge gk gstmokghalagetj dg pjkìtahms y gstrmtgnams pmrm km prgvgehaøe, mtgehaøe y smehaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj pravmdj. Mrtìhukj ?0 gstmokghg qug km iaemkadmd dg km kgy gs km dg prjljvgr y nmrmetazmr gk dgrghbj dg kms lu`grgs m vavar uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham. Ej mpkahm

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sjkahatud dg rgvasaøe dg km prgsgetg ?21

Hjevgehaøe lgdametg hjlueahmhaøe gshratm daranadm mk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms. ?. Km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms dghadarí kms lgdadms qug, ge su hmsj, bmyme dg mdjptmrsg ge kj qug rgspghtm m gsm sjkahatud. Mrtìhukj ?> =. Km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe getrmrí ge vanjr gk tranásalj dìm m pmrtar dg km ighbm ge qug bmym sadj dgpjsatmdj ge pjdgr dgk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms gk vanásalj aestrulgetj dg rmtaiahmhaøe j dg mdbgsaøe. ?. Vmrm hmdm Gstmdj qug rmtaiaqug km Hjevgehaøe j sg mdbagrm m gkkm dgspuás dg bmogr sadj dgpjsatmdj gk vanásalj aestrulgetj dg rmtaiahmhaøe j dg mdbgsaøe, km Hjevgehaøe getrmrí ge vanjr gk tranásalj dìm m pmrtar dg km ighbm ge qug tmk Gstmdj bmym dgpjsatmdj su aestrulgetj dg rmtaiahmhaøe j mdbgsaøe. Mrtìhukj ?2 =. Gk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms rghaoarí y hjlueahmrí m tjdjs kjs Gstmdjs gk tgxtj dg kms rgsgrvms ijrlukmdms pjr kjs Gstmdjs ge gk ljlgetj dg km rmtaiahmhaøe j dg km mdbgsaøe. ?. Ej sg mhgptmrí eaenuem rgsgrvm aehjlpmtaokg hje gk jo`gtj y gk prjpøsatj dg km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe. 8. Tjdm rgsgrvm pjdrí sgr rgtarmdm ge humkquagr ljlgetj pjr lgdaj dg uem ejtaiahmhaøe m gstjs gightjs daranadm mk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms, quage aeijrlmrí dg gkkj m tjdjs kjs Gstmdjs. Gstm ejtaiahmhaøe surtarí gightj ge km ighbm dg su rghgphaøe. Mrtìhukj ?1 =. Tjdm hjetrjvgrsam qug sur`m getrg djs j lís Gstmdjs Vmrtgs hje rgspghtj m km aetgrprgtmhaøe j mpkahmhaøe dg km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe qug ej sg sjkuhajeg lgdametg egnjhamhajegs sg sjlgtgrí mk mroatrm`g m pgtahaøe dg uej dg gkkjs. Xa ge gk pkmzj dg sgas lgsgs hjetmdjs m pmrtar dg km ighbm dg

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?16

prgsgetmhaøe dg sjkahatud dg mroatrm`g kms pmrtgs ej hjesanuge pjegrsg dg mhugrdj sjorg km ijrlm dgk laslj, humkquagrm dg kms pmrtgs pjdrí sjlgtgr km hjetrjvgrsam m km Hjrtg Aetgremhajemk dg @ustaham, lgdametg uem sjkahatud prgsgetmdm dg hjeijrladmd hje gk Gstmtutj dg km Hjrtg. ?. Tjdj Gstmdj Vmrtg, ge gk ljlgetj dg km iarlm j rmtaiahmhaøe dg km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe j dg su mdbgsaøe m km laslm, pjdrí dghkmrmr qug ej sg hjesadgrm jokanmdj pjr gk pírrmij = dgk prgsgetg mrtìhukj. Kjs dglís Gstmdjs Vmrtgs ej gstmríe jokanmdjs pjr gsg pírrmij metg eaenðe Gstmdj Vmrtm qug bmym ijrlukmdj gsm rgsgrvm. 8. Tjdj Gstmdj Vmrtg qug bmym ijrlukmdj km rgsgrvm prgvastm ge gk pírrmij ? dgk prgsgetg mrtìhukj pjdrí rgtarmrkm ge humkquagr ljlgetj ejtaiahíedjkj mk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms. Mrtìhukj 86 Km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe, huyjs tgxtjs ge írmog, hbaej, gspmýjk, irmehás, aenkás y rusj sje anumklgetg mutáetahjs, sg dgpjsatmrí ge pjdgr dgk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk dg kms Emhajegs Weadms.

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Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y Grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, ‛Hjevgehaøe Ogkgl dj Vmrí“

HJEYGEHAJE AETG_MLG_AHMEM VM_M V_GYGEA_, XMEHAJEM_ Q G__MDAHM_ KM YAJKGEHAM HJET_M KM LW@G_ "HJEYGEHAJE DG OGKGL DJ VM_M"=67 KJX GXTMDJX VM_TGX DG KM V_GXGETG HJEYGEHAØE, _GHJEJHAGEDJ qug gk rgspgtj arrgstrahtj m kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs bm sadj hjesmnrmdj ge km Dghkmrmhaøe Mlgrahmem dg kjs Dgrghbjs y Dgogrgs dgk Bjlorg y ge km Dghkmrmhaøe Weavgrsmk dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y rgmiarlmdj ge jtrjs aestrulgetjs aetgremhajemkgs y rgnajemkgs3 MIA_LMEDJ qug km vajkgeham hjetrm km l u`gr hjestatuyg uem vajkmhaøe dg kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y kms kaogrtmdgs iuedmlgetmkgs y kalatm tjtmk j pmrhamklgetg m km lu`gr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg y g`grhahaj dg tmkgs dgrghbjs y kaogrtmdgs3 V_GJHWVMDJX pjrqug km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr gs uem jigesm m km daneadmd bulmem y uem lmeaigstmhaøe dg kms rgkmhajegs dg pjdgr bastørahmlgetg dgsanumkgs getrg lu`grgs y bjlorgs3 _GHJ_DMEDJ km Dghkmrmhaøe sjorg km Grrmdahmhaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr, mdjptmdm pjr km Yangsaljquaetm Msmlokgm dg Dgkgnmdms dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Lu`grgs, y miarlmedj qug km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr trmshagedg tjdjs kjs sghtjrgs dg km sjhagdmd aedgpgedagetglgetg dg su hkmsg, rmzm j nrupj áteahj, eavgk dg aenrgsjs, hukturm, eavgk gduhmhajemk, gdmd j rgkanaøe y mightm egnmtavmlgetg sus prjpams omsgs3 HJEYGEHADJX dg qug km gkalaemhaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr gs hjedahaøe aedaspgesmokg pmrm su dgsmrrjkkj aedavadumk y sjhamk y su pkgem g anumkatmram pmrtahapmhaøe ge tjdms kms gsigrms dg vadm, y HJEYGEHADJX dg qug km mdjphaøe dg uem hjevgehaøe pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr tjdm ijrlm dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, ge gk íloatj dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs, hjestatuyg uem pjsatavm hjetraouhaøe pmrm prjtgngr kjs dgrghbjs dg km lu`gr y gkalaemr kms satumhajegs dg vajkgeham qug pugdme mightmrkms, BME HJEYGEADJ ge kj sanuagetg0

=67

Vmrmnumy rgmkazø km iarlm dg gstm Hjevgehaøe gk ?1 dg sgptaglorg dg =117, km rmtaiahmhaøe gk => dg jhtuorg y gk dgpøsatj gk =2 dg jhtuorg dgk laslj mýj. Iugetg0 pínaem wgo dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs, JGM, Gstmdj dg iarlms y rmtaiahmhajegs, daspjeaokg ge bttp0//www.jms.jrn/ùradahj/spmeasb/iarlms/m-9=.btlk

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Tgxtj hjevgehajemk HMVATWKJ A - DGIAEAHAJE Q MLOATJ DG MVKAHMHAJE Mrtìhukj = Vmrm kjs gightjs dg gstm Hjevgehaøe dgog getgedgrsg pjr vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr humkquagr mhhaøe j hjeduhtm, omsmdm ge su náegrj, qug hmusg lugrtg, dmýj j suiralagetj iìsahj, sgxumk j psahjkønahj m km lu`gr, tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj ge gk pravmdj.

Mrtìhukj ? Xg getgedgrí qug vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr aehkuyg km vajkgeham iìsahm, sgxumk y psahjkønahm0 m. qug tgenm kunmr dgetrj dg km imlakam j ueadmd djlástahm j ge humkquagr jtrm rgkmhaøe aetgrpgrsjemk, ym sgm qug gk mnrgsjr hjlpmrtm j bmym hjlpmrtadj gk laslj djlahakaj qug km lu`gr, y qug hjlprgedg, getrg jtrjs, vajkmhaøe, lmktrmtj y mousj sgxumk3 o. qug tgenm kunmr ge km hjlueadmd y sgm pgrpgtrmdm pjr humkquagr pgrsjem y qug hjlprgedg, getrg jtrjs, vajkmhaøe, mousj sgxumk, tjrturm, trmtm dg pgrsjems, prjstatuhaøe ijrzmdm, sghugstrj y mhjsj sgxumk ge gk kunmr dg trmom`j, msì hjlj ge aestatuhajegs gduhmtavms, gstmokghalagetjs dg smkud j humkquagr jtrj kunmr, y h. qug sgm pgrpgtrmdm j tjkgrmdm pjr gk Gstmdj j sus mngetgs, djedg quagrm qug jhurrm.

Vraehapmkgs mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 qug rgikg`me gk tgxtj hjevgehajemk Mrtìhukj =0 dgtgrlaem gk jo`gtj dg km Kgy ge gk gstmokghalagetj dg pjkìtahms y gstrmtgnams pmrm km prgvgehaøe, mtgehaøe y smehaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj pravmdj. Mrtìhukj 70 dgiaeg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr hjlj km hjeduhtm qug hmusg lugrtg, dmýj j suiralagetj iìsahj, sgxumk, psahjkønahj pmtraljeamk j ghjeølahj m km lu`gr omsmdm ge su hjedahaøe dg tmk, ge humkquagr íloatj, qug sgm g`grhadm ge gk lmrhj dg rgkmhajegs dgsanumkgs dg pjdgr y dashralaemhajegs. Mrtìhukj 90 geueham uem sgrag dg tapjs dg vajkgeham qug kms aestmehams pðokahms dgogríe hjesadgrmr pmrm km prjljhaøe dg pjkìtahms pðokahms daranadms m prgvgear, daslaeuar y gkalaemrkms, sagedj ástms0 vajkgeham iglaeahadm, iìsahm, psahjkønahm, sgxumk, hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs, ghjeølahm y pmtraljeamk, kmojrmk, pjkìtahm, aetrmimlakamr, jostátrahm, lgdaítahm, tgkglítahm, saloøkahm, aestatuhajemk y hjetrm km daneadmd. Mrtìhukj =0 gstmokghg gk jo`gtj ge gk gstmokghalagetj dg pjkìtahms y gstrmtgnams pmrm km prgvgehaøe, mtgehaøe y smehaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj pravmdj. Mrtìhukj 80 gstmokghg hjlj íloatj dg mpkahmhaøe m km vajkgeham qug suirme kms lu`grgs sae eaenuem dashralaemhaøe dgetrj dg km imlakam j ueadmd djlástahm humedj gxastm uem rgkmhaøe aetgrpgrsjemk dg pmrg`m prgsgetg j pmsmdm, dg pmrgetgshj j dg hjevavgeham getrg gk mutjr y km lu`gr mnrgdadm3 ge km hjlueadmd, sae eghgsadmd dg qug gxastm uem rgkmhaøe j vìehukj dg eaenðe tapj getrg km pgrsjem j pgrsjems mnrgsjrms y km lu`gr3 j pgrpgtrmdm j tjkgrmdm pjr gk Gstmdj, m trmvás dg sus mngetgs j tgrhgrms pgrsjems hje su hjesgetalagetj ge humkquagr kunmr qug sg prjduzhm. Mrtìhukj 70 dgiaeg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr hjlj km hjeduhtm qug hmusg lugrtg, dmýj j suiralagetj iìsahj, sgxumk, psahjkønahj pmtraljeamk j ghjeølahj m km lu`gr omsmdm ge su hjedahaøe dg tmk, ge humkquagr íloatj, qug

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HMVATWKJ AA - DG_GHBJX V_JTGNADJX Mrtìhukj 8 Tjdm lu`gr tageg dgrghbj m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham, tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj ge gk pravmdj.

Mrtìhukj 4 Tjdm lu`gr tageg dgrghbj mk rghjejhalagetj, njhg, g`grhahaj y prjtghhaøe dg tjdjs kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y m kms kaogrtmdgs hjesmnrmdms pjr kjs aestrulgetjs rgnajemkgs g aetgremhajemkgs sjorg dgrghbjs bulmejs. Gstjs dgrghbjs hjlprgedge, getrg jtrjs0 m. gk dgrghbj m qug sg rgspgtg su vadm3 o. gk dgrghbj m qug sg rgspgtg su aetgnradmd iìsahm, psìquahm y ljrmk3 h. gk dgrghbj m km kaogrtmd y m km sgnuradmd pgrsjemkgs3 d. gk dgrghbj m ej sgr sjlgtadm m tjrturms3 g. gk dgrghbj m qug sg rgspgtg km daneadmd aebgrgetg m su pgrsjem y qug sg prjtg`m m su imlakam3 i. gk dgrghbj m anumkdmd dg prjtghhaøe metg km kgy y dg km kgy3 n. gk dgrghbj m ue rghursj sgehakkj y rípadj metg kjs traouemkgs hjlpgtgetgs, qug km mlpmrg hjetrm mhtjs qug vajkge sus dgrghbjs3 b. gk dgrghbj m kaogrtmd dg msjhamhaøe3 a. gk dgrghbj m km kaogrtmd dg prjigsmr km rgkanaøe y kms hrggehams prjpams dgetrj dg km kgy, y

sgm g`grhadm ge gk lmrhj dg rgkmhajegs dgsanumkgs dg pjdgr y dashralaemhajegs. Mrtìhukj 90 geueham uem sgrag dg tapjs dg vajkgeham qug kms aestmehams pðokahms dgogríe hjesadgrmr pmrm km prjljhaøe dg pjkìtahms pðokahms daranadms m prgvgear, daslaeuar y gkalaemrkms, sagedj ástms0 vajkgeham iglaeahadm, iìsahm, psahjkønahm, sgxumk, hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs, ghjeølahm y pmtraljeamk, kmojrmk, pjkìtahm, aetrmimlakamr, jostátrahm, lgdaítahm, tgkglítahm, saloøkahm, aestatuhajemk y hjetrm km daneadmd. Mrtìhukj =0 dgtgrlaem gk jo`gtj dg km Kgy ge gk gstmokghalagetj dg pjkìtahms y gstrmtgnams pmrm km prgvgehaøe, mtgehaøe y smehaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj pravmdj. Mrtìhukj ?0 gstmokghg hjlj iaemkadmd dg km Kgy prjljvgr y nmrmetazmr gk dgrghbj dg kms lu`grgs m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham. Mrtìhukj 40 geueham uem sgrag dg dgrghbjs prjtgnadjs y km mhkmrmhaøe gxpkìhatm dg qug ej sgr uem kastm gxhkuygetg, hjesadgrmedj mk lgejs kjs dgrghbjs m km vadm, km aetgnradmd iìsahm y psahjkønahm3 m km daneadmd3 m j sgr sjlgtadm m tjrturms j m trmtjs hrugkgs, aebulmejs j dgnrmdmetgs3 m km kaogrtmd y m km sgnuradmd pgrsjemk3 m km anumkdmd metg km kgy3 m km anumkdmd ge km imlakam3 m km smkud iìsahm y lgetmk3 m vavar ge ue lgdaj mloagetg sgnurj y smkudmokg3 m km kaogrtmd dg pgesmlagetjs, hjehageham y gxprgsaøe3 m km prjpagdmd3 m km aetaladmd y km almnge3 m km pkmeaiahmhaøe imlakamr y km smkud lmtgrej aeimetak3 m km gduhmhaøe trmom`j danej y sgnuradmd sjhamk, pmrtahapmr ge kjs msuetjs pðokahjs3 mhhgdgr m km ùstaham qug km prjtg`m hje rghursjs sgehakkjs, rípadjs y gightavjs metg kjs traouemkgs hjlpgtgetgs3 y, m kms nmrmetìms ùdahamkgs.

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gk dgrghbj m tgegr anumkdmd dg mhhgsj m kms iuehajegs pðokahms dg su pmìs y m pmrtahapmr ge kjs msuetjs pðokahjs, aehkuygedj km tjlm dg dghasajegs. Mrtìhukj 7 Tjdm lu`gr pjdrí g`grhgr kaorg y pkgemlgetg sus dgrghbjs havakgs, pjkìtahjs, ghjeølahjs, sjhamkgs y hukturmkgs y hjetmrí hje km tjtmk prjtghhaøe dg gsjs dgrghbjs hjesmnrmdjs ge kjs aestrulgetjs rgnajemkgs g aetgremhajemkgs sjorg dgrghbjs bulmejs. Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs rghjejhge qug km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr alpadg y meukm gk g`grhahaj dg gsjs dgrghbjs. Mrtìhukj 9 Gk dgrghbj dg tjdm lu`gr m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham aehkuyg, getrg jtrjs0 m. gk dgrghbj dg km lu`gr m sgr kaorg dg tjdm ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe, y o. gk dgrghbj dg km lu`gr m sgr vmkjrmdm y gduhmdm kaorg dg pmtrjegs gstgrgjtapmdjs dg hjlpjrtmlagetj y príhtahms sjhamkgs y hukturmkgs omsmdms ge hjehgptjs dg aeigrajradmd j suojrdaemhaøe.

Mrtìhukj =0 gstmokghg gk jo`gtj ge gk gstmokghalagetj dg pjkìtahms y gstrmtgnams pmrm km prgvgehaøe, mtgehaøe y smehaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs tmetj ge gk íloatj pðokahj hjlj pravmdj. Mrtìhukj ?0 gstmokghg qug km iaemkadmd dg km kgy gs km dg prjljvgr y nmrmetazmr gk dgrghbj dg kms lu`grgs m vavar uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham. Mrtìhukj 40 getrg kjs dgrghbjs prjtgnadjs aehkuyg mk dgrghbj m km gduhmhaøe. Mrtìhukj 70 dgiaeg kjs tárlaejs Yajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y Dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr ge mkusaøe m kj gstmokghadj ge km _ghjlgedmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 dg HGDM^ ge km qug sg sgýmkm qug km dashralaemhaøe gs uem ijrlm dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs. Mrtìhukj >0 getrg kjs praehapajs rghtjrgs gstmokghg km anumkdmd y ej dashralaemhaøe g aehkuyg mk glpjdgrmlagetj dg km lu`gr hjlj km aedgpgedgeham dg km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham rgspgtj m km tjlm dg dghasajegs y rgstmokghalagetj dg su daneadmd. Mrtìhukj =60 gstmokghg km jokanmhaøe gstmtmk dg alpkglgetmr pjkìtahms, gstrmtgnams y mhhajegs prajratmrams pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs. Mrtìhukj =80 msanem mk Laeastgraj dg Gduhmhaøe y Hukturm km rgspjesmoakadmd dg aehjrpjrmr km pgrspghtavm dg anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs getrg lu`grgs y bjlorgs, gk rgspgtj m kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y km ijrlmhaøe ge km rgsjkuhaøe pmhìiahm dg hjeikahtjs ge km hurrìhukm gduhmtavm ge tjdjs kjs eavgkgs, aehkuadms kms gshugkms supgrajrgs dg ijrlmhaøe djhgetg y táheahm hje gk jo`gtavj dg qug gstm hurrìhukm hjetraouym m ?17

uem hukturm dg rgspgtj g gk íloatj imlakamr, hjlueatmraj, gshjkmr, kmojrmk y sjhamk ge km hjtadamegadmd. Msalaslj, sjkahatm aehkuar ge kjs pkmegs dg ijrlmhaøe y mhtumkazmhaøe djhgetg km dgtghhaøe prghjz dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms eaýms, aehkuygedj m eaýms aedìngems3 gstmokghgr lgdadms dg gshjkmrazmhaøe aelgdamtm dg ba`ms m g ba`js dg lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham3 rgvasmr y mhtumkazmr kaorjs dg tgxtjs ge kjs lmrhj dg km Kgy3 gstmokghgr sastglms j prjnrmlms dg dgeueham dg vajkgeham3 aestruar ge km ijrlm dg dgeueham dg vajkgeham y msgnurmrsg qug kms lu`grgs aedìngems aenrgsge y pgrlmegzhme ge km gduhmhaøe ijrlmk. Mrtìhukj =40 msanem m km Xghrgtmrìm dg Aeijrlmhaøe y Hjlueahmhaøe km rgspjesmoakadmd dg daiuedar lgesm`gs y hmlpmýms pgrlmegetgs dg sgesaoakazmhaøe y hjehagehamhaøe daranadms m km pjokmhaøe ge ngegrmk y praehapmklgetg m kms lu`grgs sjorg gk dgrghbj m vavar uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham y

HMVATWKJ AAA - DGOG_GX DG KJX GXTMDJX Mrtìhukj > Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs hjedgeme tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y hjevagege ge

m km ej dashralaemhaøe. Mrtìhukj =70 msanem m km Xghrgtmrìm dg Tghejkjnìms dg km Aeijrlmhaøe km rgspjesmoakadmd rgmkazmr hmlpmýms pgrlmegetgs dg sgesaoakazmhaøe y hjehagehamhaøe daranadms m km pjokmhaøe ge ngegrmk y praehapmklgetg m kms lu`grgs sjorg km vajkgeham tgkglítahm y lgdadms dg prgvgehaøe. Mrtìhukj =0 gstmokghg gk jo`gtj ge gk gstmokghalagetj dg pjkìtahms y gstrmtgnams pmrm km prgvgehaøe, mtgehaøe y smehaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs tmetj ge gk íloatj

mdjptmr, pjr tjdjs kjs lgdajs mprjpamdjs y sae dakmhajegs, pjkìtahms jragetmdms m prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr dahbm vajkgeham y ge kkgvmr m hmoj kj sanuagetg0 m. mostgegrsg dg humkquagr mhhaøe j príhtahm dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y vgkmr pjr qug kms mutjradmdgs, sus iuehajemrajs, pgrsjemk y mngetgs g aestatuhajegs sg hjlpjrtge dg hjeijrladmd hje gstm jokanmhaøe3 o. mhtumr hje km dgoadm dakangeham pmrm prgvgear, aevgstanmr y smehajemr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr3

pðokahj hjlj pravmdj. Mrtìhukj 80 dgiaeg qug km mpkahmhaøe dg km Kgy gs pmrm tjdms kms lu`grgs, sae eaenðe tapj dg dashralaemhaøe. Mrtìhukj 40 geueham uem sgrag dg dgrghbjs prjtgnadjs y km mhkmrmhaøe gxpkìhatm dg qug ej sgr uem kastm gxhkuygetg. Mrtìhukj 70 dgiaeg dashralaemhaøe hjlj0 Tjdm dastaehaøe, gxhkusaøe j rgstrahhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr qug tgenm pjr jo`gtj j rgsuktmdj lgejshmomr j meukmr gk rghjejhalagetj, njhg j g`grhahaj dg kjs dgrghbjs, ge hjedahajegs dg anumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, ge kms

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h. aehkuar ge su kgnaskmhaøe aetgrem ejrlms pgemkgs, havakgs y mdlaeastrmtavms, msì hjlj kms dg jtrm emturmkgzm qug sgme eghgsmrams pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y mdjptmr kms lgdadms mdlaeastrmtavms mprjpamdms qug sgme dgk hmsj3 d. mdjptmr lgdadms ùrìdahms pmrm hjelaemr mk mnrgsjr m mostgegrsg dg bjstanmr, aetaladmr, mlgemzmr, dmýmr j pjegr ge pgkanrj km vadm dg km lu`gr dg humkquagr ijrlm qug mtgetg hjetrm su aetgnradmd j pgrùdaqug su prjpagdmd3 g. tjlmr tjdms kms lgdadms mprjpamdms, aehkuygedj lgdadms dg tapj kgnaskmtavj, pmrm ljdaiahmr j mojkar kgygs y rgnkmlgetjs vangetgs, j pmrm ljdaiahmr príhtahms ùrìdahms j hjesugtudaemrams qug rgspmkdge km pgrsastgeham j km tjkgrmeham dg km

gsigrms0 pjkìtahm, ghjeølahm, sjhamk, hukturmk, havak y kmojrmk, ym sgm ge gk sghtjr pðokahj j pravmdj, j ge humkquagr jtrj íloatj. Mrtìhukj 90 geueham uem sgrag dg tapjs dg vajkgeham qug kms aestmehams pðokahms dgogríe hjesadgrmr pmrm km prjljhaøe dg pjkìtahms pðokahms daranadms m prgvgear, daslaeuar y gkalaemrkms, sagedj ástms0 vajkgeham iglaeahadm, iìsahm, psahjkønahm, sgxumk, hjetrm kjs dgrghbjs rgprjduhtavjs, ghjeølahm y pmtraljeamk, kmojrmk, pjkìtahm, aetrmimlakamr, jostátrahm, lgdaítahm, tgkglítahm, saloøkahm, aestatuhajemk y hjetrm km daneadmd. Mrtìhukj >0 getrg kjs praehapajs rghtjrgs gstmokghg km anumkdmd y ej dashralaemhaøe y gk glpjdgrmlagetj dg km lu`gr hjlj km aedgpgedgeham dg km lu`gr ge satumhaøe dg vajkgeham rgspgtj m km tjlm dg dghasajegs y rgstmokghalagetj dg su daneadmd. Mrtìhukj =60 gstmokghg km jokanmhaøe gstmtmk dg alpkglgetmr pjkìtahms, gstrmtgnams y mhhajegs

vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr3 gstmokghgr prjhgdalagetjs kgnmkgs ùstjs y giahmhgs pmrm km lu`gr qug bmym sadj sjlgtadm m vajkgeham, qug aehkuyme, getrg jtrjs, lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe, ue ùahaj jpjrtuej y gk mhhgsj gightavj m tmkgs prjhgdalagetjs3 n. gstmokghgr kjs lghmeasljs ùdahamkgs y mdlaeastrmtavjs eghgsmrajs pmrm msgnurmr qug km lu`gr jo`gtj dg vajkgeham tgenm mhhgsj gightavj m rgsmrhalagetj, rgpmrmhaøe dgk dmýj u

prajratmrams pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs. Mrtìhukj =60 dgtgrlaem qug gs rgspjesmoakadmd dgk Gstmdj alpkglgetmr pjkìtahms, gstrmtgnams y mhhajegs prajratmrams pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs, m trmvás dg kjs dastaetjs jrnmeasljs y getadmdgs dgk Gstmdj. Mrtìhukj =80 msanem mk Laeastgraj dg Gduhmhaøe y Hukturm km rgspjesmoakadmd dg aehjrpjrmr km pgrspghtavm dg anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs getrg lu`grgs y bjlorgs, gk rgspgtj m kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs y km ijrlmhaøe ge km rgsjkuhaøe

jtrjs lgdajs y giahmhgs, y dg hjlpgesmhaøe ùstjs b. mdjptmr kms daspjsahajegs kgnaskmtavms j dg jtrm ìedjkg qug sgme eghgsmrams pmrm bmhgr gightavm gstm Hjevgehaøe. Mrtìhukj 2 Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs hjevagege ge mdjptmr, ge ijrlm prjnrgsavm, lgdadms gspghìiahms, aehkusavg prjnrmlms pmrm0 m. ijlgetmr gk hjejhalagetj y km josgrvmeham dgk dgrghbj dg km lu`gr m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham, y gk dgrghbj dg km lu`gr m qug sg rgspgtge y prjtg`me sus dgrghbjs bulmejs3

pmhìiahm ge km hurrìhukm gduhmtavm ge tjdjsdg kjshjeikahtjs eavgkgs, aehkuadms kms gshugkms supgrajrgs dg ijrlmhaøe djhgetg y táheahm hje gk jo`gtavj dg qug gstm hurrìhukm hjetraouym m uem hukturm dg rgspgtj g gk íloatj imlakamr, hjlueatmraj, gshjkmr, kmojrmk y sjhamk ge km hjtadamegadmd. Msalaslj, sjkahatm aehkuar ge kjs pkmegs dg ijrlmhaøe y mhtumkazmhaøe djhgetg km dgtghhaøe prghjz dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms eaýms, aehkuygedj m eaýms aedìngems3 gstmokghgr lgdadms dg gshjkmrazmhaøe aelgdamtm dg ba`ms m g ba`js dg lu`grgs vìhtalms dg vajkgeham3 rgvasmr y mhtumkazmr kaorjs dg tgxtjs ge kjs lmrhj dg km Kgy3 gstmokghgr sastglms j

i.

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o. ljdaiahmr kjs pmtrjegs sjhajhukturmkgs dg hjeduhtm dg bjlorgs y lu`grgs, aehkuygedj gk dasgýj dg prjnrmlms dg gduhmhaøe ijrlmkgs y ej ijrlmkgs mprjpamdjs m tjdj eavgk dgk prjhgsj gduhmtavj, pmrm hjetrmrrgstmr prgùahajs y hjstulorgs y tjdj jtrj tapj dg príhtahms qug sg omsge ge km prglasm dg km aeigrajradmd j supgrajradmd dg humkquagrm dg kjs náegrjs j ge kjs pmpgkgs gstgrgjtapmdjs pmrm gk bjlorg y km lu`gr qug kgnatalazme j gxmhgrome km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr3 h. ijlgetmr km gduhmhaøe y hmpmhatmhaøe dgk pgrsjemk ge km mdlaeastrmhaøe dg ùstaham, pjkahamk y dglís iuehajemrajs gehmrnmdjs dg km mpkahmhaøe dg km kgy, msì hjlj dgk pgrsjemk m huyj hmrnj gstá km mpkahmhaøe dg kms pjkìtahms dg prgvgehaøe, smehaøe y gkalaemhaøe dg

prjnrmlms dg dgeueham dg vajkgeham3 aestruar ge km ijrlm dg dgeueham dg vajkgeham y msgnurmrsg qug kms lu`grgs aedìngems aenrgsge y pgrlmegzhme ge km gduhmhaøe ijrlmk. Mrtìhukj =40 msanem m km Xghrgtmrìm dg Aeijrlmhaøe y Hjlueahmhaøe km rgspjesmoakadmd dg daiuedar lgesm`gs y hmlpmýms pgrlmegetgs dg sgesaoakazmhaøe y hjehagehamhaøe daranadms m km pjokmhaøe ge ngegrmk y praehapmklgetg m kms lu`grgs sjorg gk dgrghbj m vavar uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham y m km ej dashralaemhaøe. Mrtìhukj =70 msanem m km Xghrgtmrìm dg Tghejkjnìms dg km Aeijrlmhaøe km rgspjesmoakadmd rgmkazmr hmlpmýms pgrlmegetgs dg sgesaoakazmhaøe y hjehagehamhaøe daranadms m km pjokmhaøe ge ngegrmk y praehapmklgetg m kms lu`grgs sjorg km vajkgeham tgkglítahm y lgdadms dg prgvgehaøe. Mrtìhukj =90 msanem km rgspjesmoakadmd dg km

km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr3 d. sulaeastrmr kjs sgrvahajs gspghamkazmdjs mprjpamdjs pmrm km mtgehaøe eghgsmram m km lu`gr jo`gtj dg vajkgeham, pjr lgdaj dg getadmdgs dg kjs sghtjrgs pðokahj y pravmdj, aehkusavg rgiunajs, sgrvahajs dg jragetmhaøe pmrm tjdm km imlakam, humedj sgm dgk hmsj, y huadmdj y hustjdam dg kjs lgejrgs mightmdjs3 g. ijlgetmr y mpjymr prjnrmlms dg gduhmhaøe nuogremlgetmkgs y dgk sghtjr pravmdj dgstaemdjs m hjehagetazmr mk pðokahj sjorg kjs

Xghrgtmrìm dg km Iuehaøe Vðokahm dg gstmokghgr pjkìtahms gspghìiahms pmrm alpkglgetmr km prgsgetg kgy ge gk sastglm dg mdlaeastrmhaøe pðokahm, ge gspghamk rgspghtj m km dashralaemhaøe, gk mhjsj sgxumk y kmojrmk, km anumkdmd ge gk trmom`j pmrm bjlorgs y lu`grgs, msì hjlj km alpkglgetmhaøe dg kms ejrlms rgkmtavms m km rgspjesmoakadmd dgk iuehajemramdj pðokahj pjr mhtjs u jlasajegs qug saneaiaquge mhtjs dg vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs, y sgesaoakazmr y hmpmhatmr mk pgrsjemk dg km mdlaeastrmhaøe pðokahm dgsdg uem pgrspghtavm dg anumkdmd dg dgrghbjs dgk

prjokglms rgkmhajemdjs vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr,hje kjskm rghursjs kgnmkgs y km rgpmrmhaøe qug hjrrgspjedm3 i. jirghgr m km lu`gr jo`gtj dg vajkgeham mhhgsj m prjnrmlms giahmhgs dg rgbmoakatmhaøe y hmpmhatmhaøe qug kg pgrlatme pmrtahapmr pkgemlgetg ge km vadm pðokahm, pravmdm y sjhamk3 n. mkgetmr m kjs lgdajs dg hjlueahmhaøe m gkmojrmr darghtrahgs mdghumdms dg daiusaøe qug hjetraouyme m grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr ge tjdms sus

bjlorg y dg km lu`gr, km y kjs dgrghbjs bulmejs dgej kmsdashralaemhaøe lu`grgs, gspghamklgetg gk dgrghbj m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham.

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ijrlms y m rgmkzmr gk rgspgtj m km daneadmd dg km lu`gr3 b. nmrmetazmr km aevgstanmhaøe y rghjpakmhaøe dg gstmdìstahms y dglís aeijrlmhaøe pgrtaegetg sjorg kms hmusms, hjesghugehams y irghugeham dg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, hje gk iae dg gvmkumr km giahmham dg kms lgdadms pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y gkalaemr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr y dg ijrlukmr y mpkahmr kjs hmloajs qug sgme eghgsmrajs, y a. prjljvgr km hjjpgrmhaøe aetgremhajemk pmrm gk aetgrhmloaj dg adgms y gxpgragehams y km g`ghuhaøe dg prjnrmlms gehmlaemdjs m prjtgngr m km lu`gr jo`gtj dg vajkgeham. Mrtìhukj 1 Vmrm km mdjphaøe dg kms lgdadms m qug sg rgiagrg gstg hmpìtukj, kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs tgedríe gspghamklgetg ge hugetm km satumhaøe dg vukegrmoakadmd m km vajkgeham qug pugdm suirar km lu`gr ge rmzøe, getrg jtrms, dg su rmzm j dg su hjedahaøe áteahm, dg lanrmetg, rgiunamdm j dgspkmzmdm. Ge anumk sgetadj sg hjesadgrmrí m km lu`gr qug gs jo`gtj dg vajkgeham humedj gstí glomrmzmdm, gs dashmpmhatmdm, lgejr dg gdmd, mehamem, j gstí ge satumhaøe sjhajghjeølahm dgsimvjrmokg j mightmdm pjr satumhajegs dg hjeikahtjs mrlmdjs j dg pravmhaøe dg su kaogrtmd. HMVATWKJ AY - LGHMEAXLJX AETG_MLG_AHMEJX DG V_JTGHHAJE Mrtìhukj =6 Hje gk prjpøsatj dg prjtgngr gk dgrghbj dg km lu`gr m uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham, ge kjs aeijrlgs emhajemkgs m km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Lu`grgs, kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs dgogríe aehkuar aeijrlmhaøe sjorg kms lgdadms mdjptmdms pmrm prgvgear y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr, pmrm msastar m km lu`gr mightmdm pjr km vajkgeham, msì hjlj sjorg kms daiahuktmdgs qug josgrvge ge km mpkahmhaøe dg kms laslms y kjs imhtjrgs qug hjetraouyme m km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtìhukj == Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs ge gstm Hjevgehaøe y km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Lu`grgs, pjdríe

Mrtìhukj 80 gstmokghg qug km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 sg mpkahmrí m kms lu`grgs, sae eaenðe tapj dg dashralaemhaøe, irgetg m mhtjs u jlasajegs qug alpkaqug humkquagr tapj dg vajkgeham dgshratm ge km Kgy, tmetj sgm ge íloatjs pðokahjs j pravmdjs.

Mrtìhukj =?0 getrg kms hjlpgtgehams y mtraouhajegs dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr sg aehkuyge kms dg gkmojrmr, alpkglgetmr y ljeatjrgmr ue Vkme Emhajemk dg Mhhaøe pmrm km Vrgvgehaøe, Xmehaøe y Grrmdahmhaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr3 mrtahukmr y hjjrdaemr mhhajegs dg hulpkalagetj dg km Kgy y tjdms mqugkkms mhhajegs qug gstalg hjevgeagetgs pmrm kjnrmr km prgvgehaøe, smehaøe y grrmdahmhaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs, kj qug aehkuyg gk sgnualagetj y mpkahmhaøe dg km Hjevgehaøe y kms rghjlgedmhajegs dg kjs ørnmejs hjevgehajemkgs, aehkuygedj m km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Lu`grgs u jtrms aestmehams qug hjrrgspjedme ge gk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej dg Vrjtghhaøe dg kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. ?11

rgqugrar m km Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs jpaeaøe hjesuktavm sjorg km aetgrprgtmhaøe dg gstm Hjevgehaøe. Mrtìhukj =? Humkquagr pgrsjem j nrupj dg pgrsjems, j getadmd ej nuogremlgetmk kgnmklgetg rghjejhadm ge uej j lís Gstmdjs laglorjs dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe, pugdg prgsgetmr m km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs pgtahajegs qug hjetgenme dgeuehams j qug`ms dg vajkmhaøe dgk mrtìhukj > dg km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe pjr ue Gstmdj Vmrtg, y km Hjlasaøe kms hjesadgrmrí dg mhugrdj hje kms ejrlms y kjs rgquasatjs dg prjhgdalagetj pmrm km prgsgetmhaøe y hjesadgrmhaøe dg pgtahajegs gstapukmdjs ge km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs y ge gk Gstmtutj y gk _gnkmlgetj dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. HMVATWKJ Y - DAXVJXAHAJEGX NGEG_MKGX Mrtìhukj =8 Emdm dg kj daspugstj ge km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe pjdrí sgr aetgrprgtmdj hjlj rgstrahhaøe j kalatmhaøe m km kgnaskmhaøe aetgrem dg kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs qug prgvgm anumkgs j lmyjrgs prjtghhajegs y nmrmetìms dg kjs dgrghbjs dg km lu`gr y smkvmnumrdams mdghumdms pmrm prgvgear y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr. Mrtìhukj =4 Emdm dg kj daspugstj ge km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe pjdrí sgr aetgrprgtmdj hjlj rgstrahhaøe j kalatmhaøe m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem sjorg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs j m jtrms hjevgehajegs aetgremhajemkgs sjorg km lmtgram qug prgvgme anumkgs j lmyjrgs prjtghhajegs rgkmhajemdms hje gstg tglm. Mrtìhukj =7 Km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe gstí moagrtm m km iarlm dg tjdjs kjs Gstmdjs laglorjs dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs. Mrtìhukj =9 Km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe gstí su`gtm m rmtaiahmhaøe. Kjs aestrulgetjs dg rmtaiahmhaøe sg dgpjsatmríe ge km Xghrgtmrìm Ngegrmk dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs. Mrtìhukj =>

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Km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe qugdm moagrtm m km mdbgsaøe dg humkquagr jtrj Gstmdj. Kjs aestrulgetjs dg mdbgsaøe sg dgpjsatmríe ge km Xghrgtmrìm Ngegrmk dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs. Mrtìhukj =2 Kjs Gstmdjs pjdríe ijrlukmr rgsgrvms m km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe mk ljlgetj dg mprjomrkm, iarlmrkm, rmtaiahmrkm j mdbgrar m gkkm, saglprg qug0 m. ej sgme aehjlpmtaokgs hje gk jo`gtj y prjpøsatj dg km Hjevgehaøe3 o. ej sgme dg hmríhtgr ngegrmk y vgrsge sjorg uem j lís daspjsahajegs gspghìiahms. Mrtìhukj =1 Humkquagr Gstmdj Vmrtg pugdg sjlgtgr m km Msmlokgm Ngegrmk, pjr hjeduhtj dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Lu`grgs, uem prjpugstm dg gelagedm m gstm Hjevgehaøe. Kms gelagedms getrmríe ge vanjr pmrm kjs Gstmdjs rmtaiahmetgs dg kms laslms ge km ighbm ge qug djs tgrhajs dg kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs bmyme dgpjsatmdj gk rgspghtavj aestrulgetj dg rmtaiahmhaøe. Ge humetj mk rgstj dg kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs, getrmríe ge vanjr ge km ighbm ge qug dgpjsatge sus rgspghtavjs aestrulgetjs dg rmtaiahmhaøe. Mrtìhukj ?6 Kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs qug tgenme djs j lís ueadmdgs tgrratjramkgs ge kms qug ra`me dastaetjs sastglms ùrìdahjs rgkmhajemdjs hje hugstajegs trmtmdms ge km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe pjdríe dghkmrmr, ge gk ljlgetj dg km iarlm, rmtaiahmhaøe j mdbgsaøe, qug km Hjevgehaøe sg mpkahmrí m tjdms sus ueadmdgs tgrratjramkgs j sjkmlgetg m uem j lís dg gkkms. Tmkgs dghkmrmhajegs pjdríe sgr ljdaiahmdms ge humkquagr ljlgetj lgdametg dghkmrmhajegs uktgrajrgs, qug gspghaiahmríe gxprgsmlgetg km j kms ueadmdgs tgrratjramkgs m kms qug sg mpkahmrí km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe. Dahbms dghkmrmhajegs uktgrajrgs sg trmeslataríe m km Xghrgtmrìm Ngegrmk dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs y surtaríe gightj trgaetm dìms dgspuás dg rghaoadms. Mrtìhukj ?=

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Km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe getrmrí ge vanjr gk tranásalj dìm m pmrtar dg km ighbm ge qug sg bmym dgpjsatmdj gk sgnuedj aestrulgetj dg rmtaiahmhaøe. Vmrm hmdm Gstmdj qug rmtaiaqug j mdbagrm m km Hjevgehaøe dgspuás dg bmogr sadj dgpjsatmdj gk sgnuedj aestrulgetj dg rmtaiahmhaøe, getrmrí ge vanjr gk tranásalj dìm m pmrtar dg km ighbm ge qug tmk Gstmdj bmym dgpjsatmdj su aestrulgetj dg rmtaiahmhaøe j mdbgsaøe. Mrtìhukj ?? Gk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk aeijrlmrí m tjdjs kjs Gstmdjs laglorjs dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs dg km getrmdm ge vanjr dg km Hjevgehaøe. Mrtìhukj ?8 Gk Xghrgtmraj Ngegrmk dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs prgsgetmrí ue aeijrlg meumk m kjs Gstmdjs laglorjs dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe sjorg gk gstmdj dg gstm Hjevgehaøe, aehkusavg sjorg kms iarlms, dgpøsatjs dg aestrulgetjs dg rmtaiahmhaøe, mdbgsaøe j dghkmrmhajegs, msì hjlj kms rgsgrvms qug buoagrge prgsgetmdj kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs y, ge su hmsj, gk aeijrlg sjorg kms laslms. Mrtìhukj ?4 Km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe rgnarí aedgiaeadmlgetg, pgrj humkquagrm dg kjs Gstmdjs Vmrtgs pjdrí dgeuehamrkm lgdametg gk dgpøsatj dg ue aestrulgetj hje gsg iae ge km Xghrgtmrìm Ngegrmk dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs. We mýj dgspuás m pmrtar dg km ighbm dgk dgpøsatj dgk aestrulgetj dg dgeueham, km Hjevgehaøe hgsmrí ge sus gightjs pmrm gk Gstmdj dgeuehametg, qugdmedj suosastgetg pmrm kjs dglís Gstmdjs Vmrtgs. Mrtìhukj ?7 Gk aestrulgetj jranaemk dg km prgsgetg Hjevgehaøe, huyjs tgxtjs ge gspmýjk, irmehás, aenkás y pjrtunuás sje anumklgetg mutáetahjs, sgrí dgpjsatmdj ge km Xghrgtmrìm Ngegrmk dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe dg kjs Gstmdjs Mlgrahmejs, km qug gevamrí hjpam hgrtaiahmdm dg su tgxtj pmrm su rgnastrj y puokahmhaøe m km Xghrgtmrìm dg kms Emhajegs Weadms, dg hjeijrladmd hje gk mrtìhukj =6? dg km Hmrtm dg kms Emhajegs

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GE IG DG KJ HWMK, kjs pkgeapjtgehamrajs aeirmshratjs, dgoadmlgetg mutjrazmdjs pjr sus rgspghtavjs njoagrejs, iarlme gk prgsgetg Hjevgeaj, qug sg kkmlmrí Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm Vrgvgear, Xmehajemr y grrmdahmr km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr "Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí". BGHBM GE KM HAWDMD DG OGKGL DJ VM_M, O_MXAK , gk eugvg dg ùeaj dg lak ejvghagetjs ejvgetm y humtrj.

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Megxj ?. Trmeshraphaøe dg getrgvastms m pgrsjems hkmvg Ge omsg m kms prgnuetms dg aevgstanmhaøe y prjpugstm dg getrgvastms dgk Megxj ?, sg rgmkazmrje getrgvastms m (a) Mkaham Vuhbgtm, Laeastrm dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham, rgspjesmokg dg km Xghrgtmrìm dg Náegrj dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham y dg km Darghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs, (aa) Xakvam Køpgz Xmiia, Darghtjrm dg Náegrj dgk Vjdgr @udahamk, (aaa) Nrmhagkm Pgkmym, Darghtjrm dgk Xgrvahaj dg Mtgehaøe m km Lu`gr dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr (XGDMLW_), (av) Gkom Euýgz, Hjjrdaemdjrm Emhajemk HKMDGL (Hjlatá dg Mlárahm Kmtaem y gk Hmraog pmrm km Dgigesm dg kjs Dgrghbjs dg km Lu`gr), y (v) Hmrlge Hjkmzj, Vrjyghtastm dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9. Msalaslj, sg rgnastrmrje kms dghkmrmhajegs jiahamkgs ge jhmsaøe dg km pralgrm bgrrmlagetm pðokahm dg alpkglgetmhaøe dg km Kgy om`j km ianurm dg Mhhajegs Vrajratmrams, hjlj kj sgýmkm gk Mrtìhukj =6 dg km ejrlm. Gxtrmhtj dg dghkmrmhajegs ge jhmsaøe dg k m prgsgetmhaøe dgk Vrjtjhjkj dg Mhhaøe Aetgraestatuhajemk metg km lugrtg vajkgetm, tgetmtavm dg lugrtg y vajkgeham dg mktj ragsnj rgmkazmdm pjr su pmrg`m j gxpmrg`m, V_JLWYA LW@G_. Dghkmrmhajegs jiahamkgs rgmkazmdms gk dìm > dg ùkaj dgk mýj ?6=>. Mkaham Vuhbgtm dg Hjrrgm. Laeastrm dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham Gk kmezmlagetj dg gstg prjtjhjkj saneaiahm gk sgnualagetj m km vangeham dg uem kgy qug kkgvø dglmsamdj taglpj, hjlj (gs gk hmsj) dgk iglaeahadaj hjlj uem ianurm ym dg mhhaøe pgemk (hje) vangeham mutjlítahm. Gstg Vrjtjhjkj dg Mhhaøe Aetgraestatuhajemk metg km lugrtg vajkgetm, tgetmtavm dg lugrtg y vajkgeham dg mktj ragsnj iug gkmojrmdj (…) -aetgraestatuhajemklgetg-.

Lmrìm Lgrhgdgs Oujengrlaea Vmkuloj. Lmnastrmdm dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham y msgsjrm dg Náegrj dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham Bmhagedj rgigrgeham m km aestgraestatuhajemkadmd rgprgsgetmdm pjr kms mutjradmdgs prgsgetgs, da`j0 (…) getgedgljs qug gs hjlprjlasj pgrsjemk y dg kms aestatuhajegs pmrm bmhgr qug gstg prjtjhjkj tgenm iuehajemkadmd y mpkahmhaøe, gs dghar, pmrm gvatmr qug ejs qugdgljs ge gk ejlge, gs dghar, ge km prjduhhaøe

ejrlmtavm, dghkmrmtavm, pmrkmlgetmram y bmnmljs ge kms aestatuhajegs rgmkadmd gstj qug gstmljs pkmetgmedj qug tageg bjy sae dudm uem urngeham qug quazís saglprg km tuvj, pgrj ej gstmom tme vasaoakazmdm humedj gk Vmrmnumy gstí geirgetmedj príhtahmlgetg ue iglaeahadaj hmdm sgas dìms. Kj humk pmrghg pjhj ge hjlpmrmhaøe m jtrjs pmìsgs, pgrj dgogljs rghjrdmr qug eugstrj pmìs ej supgrm kjs sgas lakkjegs dg bmoatmetgs pjr kj qug gs uem hugstaøe omstmetg durm. Eugstrm pjokmhaøe gstí geirgetmedj mousjs dg eaýms, glomrmzjs prghjhgs dg eaýms dg dagz y eugvg mýjs, y gxpkjtmhaøe sgxumk luhbj lís tglprmem qug ge taglpjs pmsmdjs (…) gstmljs geirgetmedj tmloaáe

uem rgspugstm gstmtmk aemdghumdm m tjdm gstm prjokglítahm. Kjs dgrghbjs pmrghge lís iíhakgs dg sgr vukegrmdjs pjrqug ej tageg rghursjs, ej sjkmlgetg ghjeølahjs, saej tmloaáe lghmeasljs pmrm bmhgr prgvmkgr sus dgrghbjs y tmlpjhj tagege vjz sjhamk (…) eugstrm

sjhagdmd vg hmsa alpívadm gk mousj dg lu`grgs, dg eaýms y dg eaýjs, hjlj ue msuetj hmsa hjtadamej. Ejs sjorgsmktmljs hmsa ue pjhj humedj gshuhbmljs ue hmsj ge pmrtahukmr, pgrj mk damraj ej ejs prgjhupmljs hmsa príhtahmlgetg emdm ge gvatmr j pjr kj lgejs dgeuehamr sa gstjs gvgetjs ejs sje hjejhadjs. Km kgy aetgnrmk (…) gs uem ejrlm qug ejs dm ue lmrhj luy aetgrgsmetg, uem omsg sjorg km humk pjdgr

trmom`mr qug vm m getrmr ge vangeham dg lmegrm pkgem ge dahaglorg dg gstg mýj. Gs jovaj qug km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs ej gs ue msuetj sgehakkj, j sgm ueahmusmk. Ej tageg uem ðeahm hmusm saej (qug) tageg lðktapkgs imhtjrgs qug mtgedgr y pjr gsj gs sgesmtj qug kms aestatuhajegs dgk Gstmdj, tmloaáe lðktapkgs y dg lðktapkgs hjlpgtgehams mtagedme hjeùetmlgetg gk igeølgej, hjlj ejs dahg Ogkgl dj Vmrí, pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y rgpmrmr gvgetumklgetg gstjs dgkatjs, hrìlgegs y dglís bghbjs akìhatjs. Gs pjr gsj

864

qug gs tme alpjrtmetg qug gstg Vrjtjhjkj saneaiaqug ej sjkmlgetg kj adgmk, kj qug dgogrìm bmhgr hmdm aestatuhaøe, saej gk hjlprjlasj dg hmdm aestatuhaøe dg gightavmlgetg rgmkazmr su pmrtg ge gsg ljsmahj qug sa kg imktm uem sjkm pagzm ym ej vm m sgr iuehajemk. Luhbms vghgs ejsjtrjs bgljs gshuhbmdj (…) ej, km

Vjkahìm tageg km hukpm pjrqug bmhgr B, M y O3 y km Vjkahìm dahg0 ej, ge kjs ùznmdjs tagege km hukpm, pjrqug bmhge P y K3 y kugnj, kjs ùznmdjs dahge0 ej, km iashmkìm tageg km hukpm pjrqug ej hjesgrvme kms prugoms y sa km hjesgrvme ej kms usme… ej, km Dgigesjrìm tageg km hukpm pjrqug kms vìhtalms ej tagege rgprgsgetmhaøe y msì

suhgsavmlgetg. Qj getagedj qug, ge rgmkadmd, tjdms kms aestatuhajegs tagege km hukpm ge gk sgetadj dg qug ej sg msulge hje pkgeatud tjdjs kjs dgogrgs qug bmhge m km iuehaøe qug dgsglpgýme. Xa, humedj lgejs, gstg prjtjhjkj pudagrm saneaiahmr uem msuehaøe dg hjlprjlasjs dg gsm ìedjkg hrgj qug bmorìmljs mvmezmdj luhbìsalj, lís mkkí dg kj ejlaemk (…) dgljstrmr qug gsm Kgy Aetgnrmk sì pugdg tgegr medmlagetj, sì pugdg tgegr giahmham (…)

Mem Lmrìm Omamrda ]ugsegk. Laeastrm dg km Lu`gr Ge su smkudj bmhg rgigrgeham tmloaáe m km rgkgvmeham dgk hjlprjlasj aestatuhajemk y km aestgraestatuhajemkadmd y kms hairms dg iglaeahadaj. ‛Gstg Vrjtjhjkj gs gk rgsuktmdj dg lís dg ue mýj y lgdaj dg trmom`j.“ (…) Xmogljs qug km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr qug bmhg vgaetg mýjs mtrís grm uem pmedglam, gs mbjrm uem

gpadglam. Kmstaljsmlgetg, m lgdadm qug mvmezmljs sjljs lís vajkgetjs. Gsm gs uem rgmkadmd nkjomk dg km qug ej gstmljs emdm jrnukkjsjs. Gs uem rgmkadmd nkjomk dg km qug ej gehjetrmljs gk hmlaej hjrrghtj m km prgvgehaøe (…) (…) Dg km gxpgrageham dg trmom`j dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr, smogljs qug s jkj gs pjsaokg mvmezmr humedj

sg trmom`m aetgraestatuhajemklgetg. Ea uem sjkm aestatuhaøe dg lmegrm maskmdm pugdg kkgnmr m tgegr rgmklgetg kjnrjs pjsatavjs, sustgetmokgs y sjstgeadjs (…) pjrqug dg rgpgetg dghaljs0 ougej, ge gk iglaeahadaj km vìhtalm ym gstí lugrtm. Hagrtj, pgrj ej ejs jkvadgljs qug pjr hmdm lu`gr lugrtm bmy (…)

hbahjs(ms) qug sjorgvavge m gsg dìm qug ngegrmklgetg pagrdge m km lmdrg y mk pmdrg ge km laslm jhmsaøe. Gsjs hbahjs tmloaáe sje kms vìhtalms dg iglaeahadaj.

Xakvam Køpgz Xmia. Darghtjrm - Xghrgtmram dg Náegrj dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustahm Ge su smkudj, mnrgnm km rgkgvmeham dgk mojrdm`g lukta dashapkaemraj y geulgrm mknuejs dg kjs dgsmiìjs dgk Vjdgr @udahamk, m smogr0 (…) kkgnmr m taglpj ge gk lgs dg dahaglorg, kkgnmedj m kms harhueshraphajegs ùdahamkgs, m lmnastrmdms,

lmnastrmdjs y iuehajemramdj ge ngegrmk ge uem tjlm dg hjehageham y sgesaoakazmhaøe pmrm uem hjrrghtm mpkahmhaøe, ej sjkmlgetg dg km Kgy 7>>>, dg km Kgy =966, dg kjs dastaetjs Hødanjs, qug m km kuz dg gstm Kgy dg Vrjtghhaøe Aetgnrmk tagege mbjrm uem kghturm daigrgetg (…)

Getrgvastm m Mkaham Vuhbgtm dg Hjrrgm. Laeastrm dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham rgspjesmokg dg km Xghrgtmrìm dg Náegrj dgk Vjdgr @udahamk y dg km Darghhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham. Getrgvastm rgmkazmdm gk dìm =6 dg ùkaj dgk mýj ?6=>. Ge rgigrgeham m kjs batjs dgk Vjdgr @udahamk0 (…) vagedj kjs metghgdgetgs bastørahjs ge lmtgram dgkm Kgy, kjs dgsmiìjs sg omsmrje pralgrj ge lg`jrmr kms

kgygs dg ijrlm qug sg vasaoakazmrm km satumhaøe dg km lu`gr vìhtalm dg vajkgeham, dgsdg km øptahm qug sg pugdm vasaoakazmr qug km kgy kg imvjrghg (…) ej saglprg kj qug gstí gshratj imvjrghg m kms lu`grgs. Tgegljs jtrj imhtjr0 gk tglm dg kjs pmrmdanlms. Ejsjtrjs vgealjs dg ue ljdgkj luy pmtgremkastm, km lu`gr dgk pjdgr dgk pmdrg pmsmom mk dgk lmradj. Grm ue geijqug ge qug ej sg km vasaoakazm bastørahmlgetg hjlj

867

su`gtj dg dgrghbjs. Gk ljdgkj gs gk tglm (…) gk eugvj geijqug, ue eugvj pmrmdanlm gs km ejvgdmd. (…)

eugstrm sjhagdmd gs gk prjokglm qug mðe ej rghjejhg gsg hmloaj. Qj ej mpugstj m ue hmloaj aedavadumk dg sjkmlgetg gk pjdgr ùdahamk. Tjdjs kjs pjdgrgs dgk Gstmdj rgquagrge muemr sus gsiugrzjs pmrm rgljvgr kjs jostíhukjs. Ge rgigrgeham m dgsmiìjs qug aevjkuhrme mk Vjdgr @udahamk y m km ùstaham ge ngegrmk0 Ej sjkmlgetg bmhge imktm kgygs. Tageg qug bmogr hmpmhatmhaøe dgsdg kjs pjkahìms bmstm kjs ùghgs. Kms ueavgrsadmdgs tagege uem rgspjesmoakadmd gspghamk pmrm nmrmetazmr qug dg ijrlm trmesvgrsmk sg nmrmetahg gk tglm dg náegrj. Bmorìm qug vgr ge km lmkkm hurrahukmr sa ge ijrlm trmesvgrsmk getrm gk tglm dg vajkgeham. Gs ue dgsmiìj. Gk mojrdm`g dgog sgr, muequg prajratmramlgetg ge lu`grgs, dgog mkhmezmr m tjdm km imlakam qug gstí mightmdm pjr gsm vajkgeham. Xg dgog mvmezmr ge ue trmtmlagetj m tjdms kms pgrsjems aevjkuhrmdms ge km vajkgeham. Hrgj qug dgetrj dgk Laeastgraj dg @ustaham pjdrìm bmogr ue Dgpmrtmlgetj qug mtagedm m tjdms kms vìhtalms ge ngegrmk y quazís gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr tgegr mknðe mojrdm`g gspghamkazmdj. Dgsdg gk kunmr dgk Vjdgr @udahamk, bgljs dmdj ue pmsj ge km ijrlmhaøe dgk hratgraj dg mhgrhmr km @ustaham m km ngetg. G`glpkjs hjlj km Nuìm Kgnmk dgk Vjdgr @udahamk =69 y kjs Imhakatmdjrgs (@udahamkgs) =6>sje g`glpkjs dg hølj gs pjsaokg imhakatmr m kms pgrsjems vìhtalms km aeijrlmhaøe qug rgquagrg pmrm pjdgr Mhhgdgr m km @ustaham. Kj qug sg tageg qug oushmr ge km Kgy gs qug km pgrsjem vìhtalm tgenm dgigesm pðokahm. Muequg sg lgehajem, sg dgogrìm dg hjetmr hje uem rgdmhhaøe lís hkmrm pmrm qug sg nmrmetahg qug quage gs vìhtalm tgenm dgigesm pðokahm nrmtuatm g aelgdamtm.“

Getrgvastm m Gkom Eðýgz, Hjjrdaemdjrm _gnajemk dg HKMDGL. Getrgvastm rgmkazmdm gk dìm ?6 dg ùkaj dg ?6=>. Ge humetj m km aehjrpjrmhaøe dg gstíedmrgs aetgremhajemkgs0 Vjr dgiaeahaøe tjlm kjs gstíedmrgs dmdj qug sg km lgehajem hjlj uem kgy aetgnrmk. Vgrj mk smhmrkg gk geijqug dg náegrj, dgsdg eugstrj puetj dg vastm, sg dgoakatm. Ej rgtjlm kj qug km Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí gstmokghg, muequg hjehgptumkazm km vajkgeham omsmdm ge (msalgtrìms dg) náegrj. Vgrj gk bmogrkg smhmdj km lgehaøe dg náegrj, smhm km raqugzm, km pgrspghtavm, y dg mknuem lmegrm bmhg qug dgsdg gk jrange km kgy tjlm uem pjsturm sgsnmdm hje rgspghtj m km hmusm iuedmlgetmk dg km vajkgeham (…) aeikugehamdm pjr

kjs nrupjs iuedmlgetmkastms y dgsdg gk jrange vajkm gk Gstmdj kmahj.

Ge rgkmhaøe mk hjehgptj dg aetgnrmkadmd dg km Kgy0

=69

Nuìm Kgnmk gs uem mpkahmhaøe pmrm tgkáijejs hgkukmrgs (Mpp) qug tageg pjr jo`gtj imhakatmr mk pðokahj ngegrmk gk hjejhalagetj y mhhgsj m tjdjs kjs sgrvahajs jirghadjs pjr gk pjdgr ùdahamk. Ge gkkm gs pjsaokg gehjetrmr uem kastm hjlpkgtm dg tjdms kms sgdgs ùdahamkgs, y ue dgtmkkg dg hmdm uej dg kjs sgrvahajs jirghadjs ge hmdm uem dg gkkms, msì hjlj gk hjetmhtj dg kjs imhakatmdjrgs dastraouadjs pjr harhueshraphajegs. Vmrm lís aeijrlmhaøe, bttp0//mhhgsjùstaham.hs`.njv.py/#/lmpm =6> Imhakatmdjrgs @udahamkgs, gs uem rgd emhajemk dg kìdgrgs hjlueatmrajs, quagegs dg lmegrm vjkuetmram y dg ijrlm nrmtuatm pmrm kjs usumrajs dgk sgrvahaj, trmom`me pmrm lg`jrmr gk mhhgsj m km ùstaham, supgrmedj kms omrrgrms m kms qug sg geirgetme kms pgrsjems ge hjedahaøe dg vukegrmoakadmd mk ljlgetj dg qugrgr bmhgr vmkgr sus dgrghbjs metg km laslm. Vmrm lís aeijrlmhaøe, bttp0//www.p`.njv.py/hjetgeadj/=41-imhakatmdjrgs-ùdahamkgs/=41

869

(km eugvm Kgy) pjr dgiaeahaøe, tjlm gk hjehgptj (qug prjpjeg gk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg prjtghhaøe) dg qug gs uem Kgy Aetgnrmk. Vgrj mk smhmrkg gk geijqug dg náegrj, dg bghbj, dgsdg eugstrj puetj dg vastm, dgoakatm, gs dghar, ej rgtjlm kj qug km hjehgptumkazm km Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí mk rgspghtj dg pgrspghtavm dg náegrj. Mk bmogrkg smhmdj (km lgehaøe gxprgsm dg) náegrj, dgsdg eugstrj puetj dg vastm sg smhm km raqugzm, km pgrspghtavm, y dg mknuem lmegrm kj qug bmhg gs qug ge gk jrange ym km Kgy tjlm uem pjsturm sgsnmdm hje rgspghtj m km hmusm iuedmlgetmk dg km vajkgeham (…) aeikugehamdm pjr km aeikugeham (XAH) iuedmlgetmkastm (…) kj qug lugstrm gs qug ge gk jrange km Kgy vajkm gk Gstmdj kmahj. Kjs nrupjs

iuedmlgetmkastms kjnrme jokanmr g alpgdar qug km Kgy tgenm ue geijqug dg náegrj dgsdg su aeahaj. Gs dghar, ge gsg sgetadj pgesmljs qug hagrtmlgetg km dgiaeahaøe dg Kgy aetgnrmk sg pagrdg. Wem Kgy ej pugdg sgr dg hmríhtgr aetgnrmk sa gs qug ej tageg gk geijqug dg náegrj, sa ej rghjejhg gstm hmtgnjrìm, y sa ej tageg km pmrtg pueatavm. Wem Kgy aetgnrmk tageg qug prgvgear, tageg qug smehajemr y tageg qug grrmdahmr. Getjehgs km Kgy tgrlaem sagedj dghkmrmtavm.

Bmhagedj rgigrgeham m vmhìjs vaehukmdjs hje gk mspghtj pueatavj0 Dgiaeg, pjr g`glpkj, m km vajkgeham jostátrahm, pgrj kugnj tð, oushms, qug hjesghugeham tageg km vajkgeham jostátrahm, ej sg gehugetrm. Ejsjtrms vgljs hje prgjhupmhaøe qug kmlgetmokglgetg gk Vmrmnumy sg pgrdaø uem jpjrtueadmd bastørahm dg qug ge rgmkadmd su Kgy (hjetrm tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham qug suirge kms lu`grgs) iugrm uem Kgy aetgnrmk y qug dg vgrdmd, m km kuz dg kjs gstíedmrgs Aetgremhajemkgs dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs (hjlj) km Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí, km prjpam _ghjlgedmhaøe =1 dg km HGDM^ y kms dastaetms rghjlgedmhajegs dg Emhajegs Weadms dgk Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs, bmstm gk prjpaj Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs qug bme bghbj rghjlgedmhajegs sjorg km vajkgeham, sg pagrdm. G e gsg sgetadj km Kgy hmrghg dg mknuejs hjlpjegetgs. Aehkusj ge lmtgram dg prgvgehaøe, hjlj sg josgrvmom ge km prjpugstm metgrajr =62 qug ejsjtrjs bmoìmljs hratahmdj, gsm sì aehkusj bmokmom dg ue ‛hmedmdj“ prgsupugstmraj. Bmokmom dg humetj (grm gk lìealj

daspjeaokg ge gk Vrgsupugstj Ngegrmk dg km Emhaøe). Gsg vìehukj hje pjkìtahms pðokahms qug uem Kgy tageg qug tgegr pmrm nmrmetazm lgdadms pmrm prgvgear, lgdadms pgemkgs pmrm smehajemr y grrmdahmr. Iug rghjrtmdj ge su líxalm gxprgsaøe tjdj gk hjlpjegetg pgemk, gk hjlpjegetg mdlaeastrmtavj, pjrqug tgeìm aehkusj mspghtjs qug tgeìme qug vgr hje imktms (…) km prjpugstm aeahamk trmtmom dg sgr uem kgy hrgmtavm

qug aehkuygrm smehajegs mdlaeastrmtavms y pgemkgs. Xae glomrnj, tmk hjlj qugdø tgrlaeø sagedj uem gspghag dg Kgy dg prjtghhaøe sae tgegr ue hjlpjegetg dg smehaøe. Q mbì gs hjlj qug tgegljs ue pjhj lís qug km Kgy =966, pgrj hmrghg dg kjs mprgedazm`gs y kjs mvmehgs (rgkmtavjs m km mpkahmhaøe dg km Kgy =966). Irgetg m tgegr uem Kgy lmkm y ej tgegrkm, irgetg m kj qug ejsjtrms ym tgeìmljs irgetg m km mpkahmhaøe dg km Kgy =966, ge tárlaej dg usjs y príhtahms. (…) ge humetj m km prjtghhaøe dg km lu`gr vìhtalm y kms lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe aelgdamtms dmdms pjr km

pralgrm aetgrvgehaøe ùrasdahhajemk dgk @ugz dg Vmz, ejsjtrms dghìmljs (qug grm eghgsmraj) daspjegr km prgstmhaøe mkalgetmram (pjr gk @uznmdj dg Vmz lagetrms tmetj pmsm kjs metghgdgetgs mk @uznmdj dg Eaýgz y Mdjkgshgeham). Gsj ym grm uem príhtahm aestmkmdm. Humedj vjs ijrlukís uem Kgy, iì`mtg ge humkgs sje kjs gstíedmrgs qug ym mvmezmstg, tageg qug sgr prjnrgsavj. Xa vjs tgeás uem sgetgeham qug ym dahtø lgdadms dg =62

Bmhg rgigrgeham m km prjpugstm dg uem Kgy Aetgnrmk hjetrm tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham prgsgetmdm ge gk mýj

?66>, dgejlaemdm ‛ V_JQGHTJ DG KGQ0 ]WG _GV_ALG TJDM IJ_LM DG YAJKGEHAM HJET_M KM LW@G_, V_GXGETMDJ VJ_ GK XGEMDJ_ HM_KJX IAKAPPJKM“ y qug iugrm rgtarmdj dg su trmtmlagetj. Gk tgxtj jranaemk dg km

prjpugstm sg gehugetrm daspjeaokg ge gk sataj ^go dgk Xastglm dg Aeijrlmhaøe Kgnaskmtavm dgk Hjenrgsj Emhajemk ge, bttp0//sak?py.sgemdj.njv.py/ijrlukmraj/IahbmTgheahmGxpgdagetg.pli:q4=

86>

prjtghhaøe ge gstg sgetadj (y gs utakazmdm hjlj ùrasprudgeham pjr jtrjs ùznmdjs), getjehgs gsm lgdadm dgog sgr aehjrpjrmdm ge km eugvm Kgy. (…) ge gk Mrtìhukj =9, ge humetj m pgrlasjs kmojrmkgs, ejsjtrms dghìmljs qug grm eghgsmraj gxpkahatmr qug

sg aehkuyme m kms Iugrzms Mrlmdms, Vjkahìm y Weavgrsadmdgs. Kj laslj ge humetj m km rgnukmhaøe dg su mpkahmhaøe mdlaeastrmtavm dg hmdm getg pðokahj, aehkuygedj m kms ueavgrsadmdgs, Laeastgrajs y jrnmeasljs pðokahjs. (…) gk tgxtj rgsuktmetg tgrlaeø ej sagedj aetgnrmk. Km sjkm dgiaeahaøe ge sì ej hmloam rgmkadmdgs. Imktø

mprjvghbmr gk ljlgetj pmrm hjetmr hje uem omsg prgsupugstmram, hje dgshraphajegs hkmrms dg smehajegs y hje mspghtjs gspghìiahjs qug gstmokgzhme kms rgkmhajegs getrg kms dastaetms aestatuhajegs qug aetgrmhtðme ge km rgspugstm.

Ejvgdmdgs0 (…) km ðeahm hugstaøe qug tageg su pgemkazmhaøe gs gk iglaeahadaj, gk Mrtìhukj 76, qug gs gk qug rang mbjratm (…) bmy rgkmhajegs gehjetrmdms ge humetj m quá gs kj qug rgmklgetg nmemljs. Xae tgegr tapaiahmdj iglaeahadaj, vjs tgeás gk hmsj Trjtg hje 87 mýjs dg pgem, hje pgem líxalm qug ym gstmokghg ue prghgdgetg.

Xa sg pugdg dghar qug gs ue mvmehg ge humetj m km aestmeham dg hjlpgtgeham qug ej sje ym sjkmlgetg kjs @uznmdjs dg Vmz (aehkusaøe dg kjs @uznmdjs Vgemkgs dg Nmrmetìm). Irgetg m km hugstaøe dg qug km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 sg mrtahukm ge su mpkahmhaøe hje km Kgy =966/?666 y km Kgy 4?17/?6==0 ‛pjdrìm bmogr sadj ue

mvmehg y ejvgdmd sa pmrtagrm dg kjs gstíedmrgs qug ym iugrje hjequastmdjs, mbì gs qug lg pmrghg sg pgrdaø uem jpjrtueadmd.

Ge rgkmhaøe mk prjhgsj0 (…) gk prjhgsj iug kgetj y pjhj pmrtahapmtavj (...) msì hjlj sg quasj mprgsurmr gk prjhgsj pmrm km mprjomhaøe

dg km kgy, msì tmloaáe gk dgomtg ej iug hjlj luy moagrtj. (…) hgnugrm dg náegrj y eghgdmd dg mknuems jrnmeazmhajegs qug hrgygrje qug grm lg`jr tgegr gstm Kgy

qug emdm. Xae glomrnj, km Kgy hjetrmdahg praehapajs gstmokghadjs ge km Kgy praehapmk qug gs km Kgy dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí (…) mk iaemk sg tgrlaeø egnjhamedj hjsms qug sje aeegnjhamokgs. Ej sg pugdg pgrlatar qug sg rgtrjhgdm ge gk gstíedmr (…) pgrlatar qug sg rghjrtg km hugstaøe dg náegrj, km pmrtg pueatavm, tgrlaeø

sagedj uem dghasaøe dgsmhgrtmdm. (…) hrgj qug mbì ejs qugdmljs hje ue prjhgsj metgrajr ej hjlpkgtmdj y qug hmsa kj mhgkgrme pjrqug

tmloaáe hjaehadaø hje gk prjhgsj pjst-njkpg, y kjs mhtjrgs qug gstuvagrje vaehukmdj vagrje eugstrm larmdm hrìtahm hjlj hmsa uem mlgemzm qug aehkusj kkgnø m ngegrmr dghkmrmhajegs dg prgesm dg km Yahg-Laeastrm (dg km Lu`gr) dg gsg ljlgetj qug lmeaigstø0 trmom`mljs lg`jr sae km Xjhagdmd Havak. (…) sae glomrnj gstg prjhgsj, iug, mpmrgetglgetg pmrtahapmtavj, pgrj hje gk taglpj iug rghjrtmdj bmstm

su líxalm gxprgsaøe. Ejsjtrms hjlj HKMDGL ej gstuvaljs mhjlpmýmedj gk prjhgsj iaemk pjrqug ge dgiaeatavm ejs daljs hugetm qug sa oage aom m sgr ue mvmehg, dg tjdms lmegrms, grm uem Kgy aehjlpkgtm. Mbì bmy uem davasaøe dgetrj dgk ljvalagetj (dg lu`grgs). Bmy mknuems qug pagesme qug lg`jr tgegr ue m kgy lmkm qug ej tgegrkm. Ejsjtrms hrggljs qug gk Dgrghbj tageg qug sgr uem bgrrmlagetm dg hmloaj. Kms kgygs tagege qug sgrvar hjlj ue glpu`g. Kms kgygs qug tgrlaeme sagedj dghkmrmtavms, qug ej tjlme kjs gstíedmrgs bjy ym hjequastmdjs ge tárlaejs dg prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr, dgiaeatavmlgetg sje kgygs aehjlpkgtms qug ge luhbjs hmsjs sarvge sjkj pmrm qug kjs Gstmdjs sg gxhusge dgtrís dg gstms kgygs pmrm ej bmhgr kj qug tagege qug bmhgr.

862

Qj hrgj bm bmoadj tmloaáe imhtjrgs pmrtadmrajs. Ejsjtrms bgljs kkgnmdj m bmokmr hje _jhìj Hmstj (pmrkmlgetmram prjpjegetg dgk Vmrtadj V-LMX) pmrm dgharkg qug ej grm gk ljlgetj. ]ug tmk hjlj gstmom, grm lg`jr ej prgsgetmrkm, y sae glomrnj gkkm gstmom dghadadm m mpurmr gk prjhgsj (pmrm qug sgm mprjomdm).

Bmhagedj rgigrgeham m kjs prjtjhjkjs y rgnkmlgetmhajegs qug km Kgy dahtm dgogr sgr hrgmdms y sa pjdrìme sgr suiahagetgs pmrm hjlpkglgetmr kjs vmhìjs adgetaiahmdjs ge km Kgy0 (…) ej sg rgsugkvg hje prjtjhjkjs. Ge pralgr kunmr, pjrqug ge jrdge dg prgkmhaøe, gstíe dgom`j dg k ms

kgygs. Gedg gsgvajkgeham sgetadj ge tmloaáe vajkm gk praehapaj Vjrbmoìm g`glpkj, km prjpam dgiaeahaøe humedj bmokmom km hjlueadmd, gsj qug dg ge prjnrgsavadmd. km Kgy =966 ym sg kjnrmdj ge lgehajemr qug ej sg rgquagrg gk vìehukj imlakamr (qug km pgrsghuhaøe pgemk y km msastgeham m km pgrsjem vìhtalm sg dmrí) sgme j ej hjevavagetgs, km rgkmhaøe mpmrgetg j aehkusj sae rgkmhaøe mknuem (…) hjevgenmljs qug km Hjevgehaøe

Ogkál dj Vmrí gstmokghg gsj y lís =61, ge tárlaejs dg qug tageg qug sgr prjnrgsavj. Dg lmegrm tmk qug mk tgegr ue kìlatg qug gstmokghg (gk mkhmehg dg km Kgy) bmhg rgtrjhgdgr. Q kjs prjtjhjkjs ej vme m rgsjkvgrkj, pjrqug smogljs qug ge tárlaejs príhtahjs gk lmrhj pmrm km mpkahmhaøe qug vme m utakazmr kjs ùznmdjs vm m sgr km Kgy. Q ge gsg sgetadj, tmloaáe aehkusj bmoìmljs gstmdj mvmezmedj pmrm qug kjs ùznmdjs tuvagrme uem aetgrprgtmhaøe mlpkam dg km Kgy =966 m km kuz dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí. Ge rgkmhaøe m qug josgrvme qug gstm Kgy rgquagrg bakvmemr hje jtrms kgygs pmrm dmr hugetm dg km mpkahmhaøe dg km Kgy 7>>>, ‛ejsjtrms smogljs quá, msì hjlj gstmom (hje km Kgy =966/?666), mpgems sg pudj hjesgnuar qug sg tjlmrm hjlj aetgrprgtmhaøe dg ijrlm gxtgesavm km Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí. Q mbjrm, pjdgljs dghar qug, smkvj m kj lg`jr ge tárlaejs dg prgvgehaøe pjrqug rgmiarlm qug km Kgy =966 sanug m kmsaneaiaqug hjgxastgeham hje km Kgy dg Lmktrmtj Aeimetak ge km ùrasdahhaøe tgegljs dudmsvangetg ge qug ùetj gstm Kgy ue mvmehg ge smehaøe y grrmdahmhaøe, pjrqug humedjgspghamk, tgeás uem hukturm ùdahamk tme gstrahtm mk mpgnj dg kms kgygs ge hugetj m su aetgrprgtmhaøe tgxtumk, sa metgs ej kj bmhìme mbjrm sgrí hmsa alpjsaokg (hje uem ejrlm dghkmrmtavm). Gspghamklgetg ge gk iugrj pgemk, km imktm dg dgshraphaøe hkmrm j km darghtm aegxastgeham dg dgshraphaøe dg tapjs pgemkgs, bmrí alpjsaokg km pgrsghuhaøe dg luhbms dg kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham qug sg dgshraoge hjlj ejvgdjsms. Dgiaearkj y dghar qug smehaøe tagege buoagrm sadj ue nrme mvmehg.

Ge rgkmhaøe m kjs dgsmiìjs dg km aestatuhaøe y dgk Njoagrej (aehkuygedj pjtgehamkgs pmsjs m sgnuar) Xg josgrvm ue rgtrjhgsj ge km pgrdadm dg jpjrtueadmdgs dg aehkuar gkglgetjs hjevgehajemkgs0 pjr g`glpkj, ge humetj mk mkhmehg dg km Kgy, m km kuz dg HGDM^ qug ej sg mdlatm eaenuem ijrlm dg dashralaemhaøe, gsj ej sg aehkuyø3 ge humetj m kjs ørnmejs, pjr g`glpkj, ejsjtrms dghìmljs fmkgetmr km mutjrgnukmhaøe dg kjs lgdajs dg hjlueahmhaøe y prgvgrsg mknðe lghmeaslj dg ljeatjrgj gightavj y smehajegs mk aehulpkalagetjf0 ejs pgrdaljs km jpjrtueadmd. Msì hjlj hje gk hmsj dg vajkgeham jostátrahm0 yj sjy vìhtalm dg vajkgeham jostátrahm lmýmem y qug bmnj… ej bmy eaenuem smehaøe.

Ge gk Mrtahukj 7, qug bmokm dg pjkìtahms pðokahms y msgnurmr prgsupugstjs mdghumdjs, ejsjtrms dghìmljs qug humedj ej sg tagege ijedjs kjs pkmegs pugdge qugdmr ge ougems aetgehajegs, pjr kj tmetj, aehkusj (buoagrm sadj alpjrtmetg) hjkjhmrkg ue hmedmdj prgsupugstmraj. Bmoìm hjsms dg km prjpugstm metgrajr qug sg pgrdagrje. Vjrqug, sa vjs tgeìms uem ougem prjpugstm metgrajr qug bmoìm sadj dgsgstalmdm, ge tjdj hmsj lg`jrmr kj qug bmoìm qug lg`jrmr (y trmom`mr sjorg gkkj). Vgrj aetgetmrje bmhgr uem sugrtg dg tmokm rmsm0 hjlgezmrje bmhagedj ue lax (XAH) pgrj sae rghupgrmr kms hjsms qug ge gk jtrj pkmetgmlagetj sg bmoìme mvmezmdj.

=61

Ge su tgxtj, km Hjevgehaøe dg Ogkgl dj Vmrí gstmokghg ge su tgxtj uem sgrag dg lgdadms jragetmtavms m kjs

Gstmdjs y mnrgnm tmloaáe ge gk aehasj b dgk Mrtìhukj > ‛mdjptmr kms daspjsahajegs kgnaskmtavm j dg jtrm ìedjkg qug sgme eghgsmrams pmrm bmhgr gightavm gstm Hjevgehaøe“ m ljdj dg msgnurmr qug ej sg trmtm dg ue kastmdj hgrrmdj dg

pjsaokgs lgdadms dg prjtghhaøe m sgr gstmokghadms.

861

(…) kj jtrj qug dghìmljs, pjr g`glpkj, grm ge gk íloatj dg gduhmhaøe. Dghìmljs qug grm eghgsmram

gstmokghgr km jokanmhaøe dgk Laeastgraj dg Gduhmhaøe dg alpkglgetmr gk Lmrhj _ghtjr ge Gduhmhaøe (Xgxumk y _gprjduhtavm). Vjrqug tjdj kj rgkmtavj mk geijqug dg náegrj, dg nmrmetazmr uem vadm sae vajkgeham, sae hjegxaøe hje pjkìtahms pðokahms, mk anumk qug ge gk Mrtìhukj 1 ge rgkmhaøe m km pmrtahapmhaøe pðokahjpravmdm y gk sgetadj dg km pmrtahapmhaøe dg km sjhagdmd havak3 qugdø dg lmegrm dghkmrmtavm. Xmogljs qug sg gstí trmom`medj ge uem prjpugstm dg _gnkmlgetmhaøe dg km Kgy, pgrj bmstm djedg smogljs sanug sagedj uem hugstaøe dghkmrmtavm (…) Dg tjdms lmegrms, hølj vjs aestmkís uem Kgy qug emhg hbughm (…) hjlj sg vaehukm m tmetjs mhtjrgs gstmtmkgs, dgogrìm dg bmogr ue prjnrmlm lmsavj dg

ijrlmhaøe m mhtjrgs gstmtmkgs dg mhugrdj m km gspghaiahmhaøe dg hmdm hmrtgrm dg Gstmdj.

(…) bmhg imktm ue gstudaj ijrlmk mk rgspghtj dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs qug aehkuym ge pmrtahukmr kj rgkmtavj m km vajkgeham sgxumk (…) smogljs qug kj qug ej sg hugetm, ej hugetm. Kms gstmdì stahms y kjs

gstudajs sgríe iuedmlgetmkgs pmrm hjejhgr kjs prjokglms y mspghtjs qug dgoge sgr mojrdmdjs.

Xakvam Køpgz Xmia, Xghrgtmram dg Náegrj dg km Hjrtg Xuprglm dg @ustaham. Getrgvastm rgmkazmdm gk dìm ?> dg ùkaj dg ?6=>. Ge rgkmhaøe m km aetgnrmkadmd dg km Kgy Gk hjehgptj, m pmrtar dgk ejlorg dg km Kgy, mk bmokmr dg prjtghhaøe ej sg gstí hjesadgrmedj m kms lu`grgs hjlj vukegrmokgs saej hjlj uem pgrsjem qug pgrtgeghg m ue nrupj ge satumhaøe dg vukegrmoakadmd. Km hugstaøe getjehgs gstí rgkmhajemdm m pjr quá mk bmokmr dg prjtghhaøe ej sg mkudaø mk hjehgptj dg nmrmetìm (dg dgrghbjs). Gxastg uem daigrgeham ge gk hjehgptj dg Gstmdj ge su rjk prjtghhajeastm y gk hjehgptj dg Gstmdj ge su rjk dg nmrmetastm. Bmhagedj ue pmrmenøe hje kjs dgrghbjs dg km eaýgz, gk rjk prjtghhajeastm sgrìm gk hjrrgspjedagetg mk rjk dg km satumhaøe arrgnukmr, y gk rjk nmrmetastm sgrìm gk dg km prjtghhaøe aetgnrmk. Hje gstj, m eavgk hjehgptumk, pmrghgrìm oushmrsg km sjkuhaøe y, m pgsmr qug sg bmnm ue baehmpaá ge km prjtghhaøe hje km aetgnrmkadmd dgsdg su tìtukj. Gs alpjrtmetg qug sg getagedm dgsdg kj ùrìdahj, qug km pmkmorm prjtghhaøe aedahm qug km Kgy mpuetm m km mpkahmhaøe dg lgdadms y qug gsms lgdadms tagege uem hmpmhadmd ùstmlgetg dg prjtgngr m trmvás dg lghmeasljs qug dgshmesme ge dastaetjs sghtjrgs dgk sastglm dg ùstaham0 gk Vjdgr @udahamk, gk Laeastgraj Vðokahj, gk Laeastgraj dg Dgigesm Vðokahm, tmloaáe gk Vjdgr g`ghutavj m trmvás dg sus dastaetms aestmehams hjlj gk Laeastgraj dg Xmkud, dg Gduhmhaøe, dgsdg kugnj gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr, aehkusj km Xghrgtmram dg km Eaýgz, getrg jtrjs3 gsm aetgnrmkadmd tageg qug vgr hje dastaetjs lghmeaslj qug mpuetge m uem prjtghhaøe ej sjkmlgetg iìsahm, saej tmloaáe dg su gstmdj psahjkønahj j gljhajemk, hje mngetgs qug ej sjkmlgetg tagege qug gstmr prgsgetgs durmetg gk prjhgsj saej qug sg gstí pgesmedj ge lghmeasljs lís mlpkajs pmrm mhjlpmýmr (ge gk trmeshursj dgk taglpj) (…) ej sjkmlgetg sg mpkahm km lgdadm hmutgkmr pmrm

gvatmr gk hjetmhtj saej qug sg mhjlpmým m km vìhtalm pjr lgdaj dg dastaetjs lghmeasljs dg mpjyj. Vjr gsj bmokmljs dg aetgnrmkadmd. Vgrj ej sjkmlgetg ge kms kgtrms, saej quá sg bmhg ge km príhtahm (…) g s

momrhmtavj (XAH) m tjdjs kjs mspghtjs dg km vadm dg km pgrsjem, aehkusj ge kj ghjeølahj.

Ge humetj m su hmríhtgr dg hjevgehajemk Kj gs dgsdg su laslj hmríhtgr dg hjestatuhajemk mk sgr hjehjrdmetg hje uem sgrag dg dgrghbjs qug bmhgr pmrtg dg kjs dgrghbjs rghjejhadjs aetgremhajemklgetg y ge pmrtahukmr pjr aehjrpjrmr mspghtjs hjestatuhajemkgs rgkmtavjs m km suprmemhajemkadmd. Getjehgs, humedj km Kgy gstá ge vanjr, ej sg pjdrí pjr g`glpkj dghar qug km lu`gr ej tgedrí uem dgigesm táheahm m hmrnj dgk Gstmdj. Jtrj mspghtj rgkgvmetg ge gstg sgetadj gs km dgtgrlaemhaøe dg qug dgog bmogr ue prgsupugstj. Hmdm aestmeham dgogrí jhupmrsg dg msgnurmrsg qug gk Laeastgraj dg Bmhagedm msgnurg qug bmym ue prgsupugstj gtaqugtmdj. Ej pugdj dghar qug ej vjy m hulpkar km Kgy pjrqug ej tgenj prgsupugstj.

8=6

Ge humetj m kms dgoakadmdgs dg km Kgy (…) gs uem kgy qug tageg imkgehams. Ge gk prjyghtj aeahamk sg prgvaø km hrgmhaøe dg ùznmdjs gspghamkazmdjs,

traouemkgs gspghamkazmdjs, muxakamrgs gspghamkazmdjs3 gsj ej gxastg mhí. Ea Laeastgraj Vðokahj gspghamkazmdj, ea Dgigesm Vðokahm gspghamkazmdm, j sgm, gstmljs hje lís dg kj laslj. ]uá hmloaø getjehgs, pjdgljs dghar qug km aehkusaøe dgk iglaeahadaj hjlj tapj pgemk, gk rgstj sje lghmeasljs dg prjtghhaøe, pgrj ej sg tapaiahme. Ej sg pugdg bmhgr uem kghturm dg gstm ejrlm sa ej gs m trmvás dg uem aetgrprgtmhaøe sastálahm. Q ge gsm aetgrprgtmhaøe sastálahm vms m vgr qug gk Hødanj Vgemk, gk Vrjhgsmk Vgemk y kms kgygs gspghamkgs, bmy dgoakadmdgs, pjrqug ùstmlgetg km pmrtg lís dáoak dgk Hødanj Vgemk rmdahm ge km satumhaøe dg mousj, ge kms satumhajegs djedg km vìhtalm gstí dgsprjtgnadm.(…) y mquì bmy ue gshjkkj0 tmetj ge km pmrtg pgemk hjlj ge km pmrtg mdlaeastrmtavm ej sg pugdg bmhgr uem aetgrprgtmhaøe gxtgesavm3 sje kjs djs hmsjs ge kjs qug km aetgrprgtmhaøe gs rgstrahtavm0 yj ej pugdj mpkahmr km memkjnìm, yj ej pugdj mpkahmr uem ianurm dg aetgrprgtmhaøe qug mlpkìg (gk sgetadj dg km ejrlm). Xøkj qugdm km ùrasprudgeham hjlj iugetg iuedmlgetmk. (…) sg smhø mknj luy alpjrtmetg dg km Kgy ge su vgrsaøe prgkalaemr qug grm km smehaøe m kms pgrsjems qug

aehulpkìme kjs lmedmtjs dg km ejrlm ge ijrlm dg smehajegs ghjeølahms (luktms). (…) kj jtrj prgjhupmetg gs qug ej sg tageg km ijrlm dg lgdar qug km pgrsjem qug vm m gstmr ge gk hmrnj sgm

gspghamkazmdm ge gk tglm.

Ge humetj m kms ijrtmkgzms dg km Kgy Xì, gstíe kjs praehapajs rghtjrgs3 sì, kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham. Gxastg km pjsaoakadmd dg hrgmr prjtjhjkjs dg mhtumhaøe qug gstmokghge rghgtms pmrm km mhtumhaøe (ge rgigrgeham m kms Mhhajegs Vrajratmrams qug gstmokghg km Kgy) y mightme m kj hukturmk.

Ge humetj mk rjk dg km Xghrgtmrìm dg Náegrj y gk Vjdgr @udahamk hjlj mpjrtg m km mpkahmhaøe dg km ejrlm Ge gk meíkasas qug bmhgljs dgsdg gk Josgrvmtjraj dg Náegrj (dgk Vjdgr @udahamk) sg pugdg vgr hølj mknuems smkms gstíe mpkahmedj gk hjetrjk dg hjevgehajemkadmd, pgrj ejs gehjetrmljs hje qug gs tmloaáe ue gspmhaj kalatmdj. Kms pgrsjems qug ùznuge ge lmtgram pgemk tgedríe qug usmr luhbm ùrasprudgeham y ljstrmr tmloaáe kj qug pmsm ge gk luedj pjrqug sa ejs dmljs hugetm aehkusj ge gk Traouemk Gurjpgj dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs sje mpkahmokgs. (…) kms hmpmhatmhajegs sje ue gkglgetj luy alpjrtmetg, pgrj gk ljeatjrgj gs luy alpjrtmetg. Hølj

ljeatjrgmljs, larmedj kms rgsjkuhajegs, bmhagedj ue meíkasas dg kms rgsjkuhajegs, gshuhbmedj kms dgeuehams dg ngetg qug vageg qug ej bmy ue dgoadj prjhgsj, qug sg suspgedaø uem mudageham, gth., pgdar uem mudatjrìm, gthátgrm. Vmsm luhbj pjr ue hjlprjlasj. (…) pmrm km mpkahmhaøe dg km Kgy, tgegljs hjevgeajs hje aestmehams aetgremhajemkgs pmrm gstmokghgr

hmpmhatmhajegs ge tjdj gk pmìs y bmhgr ue ljeatjrgj dgk hjejhalagetj qug tagege pmrm pjdgr dgtgrlaemr mspghtjs táheahjs ge lmtgram dg mpkahmr y iuedmlgetmr ge ijrlm m kms hjevgehajegs y rghjlgedmhajegs (…) tmloaáe trmom`mr ge Lgsms dg Trmom`j pmrm hrgmr prjtjhjkjs dg mhtumhaøe. Msalaslj, sg gstí

trmom`medj ge ue Vrjtjhjkj pmrm @uznmdjs dg Vmz, puokahmhajegs y km aestgraestatuhajemkadmd. Q pjr supugstj km hmpmhatmhaøe mk iuehajemramdj y pkmeaiahmhaøe.

Ge humetj m km prjnrgsavadmd (…) ej gxastge lmkms kgygs, saej lmkjs mpkahmdjrgs. Xg dgogrí mhjlpmýmr m kjs ùznmdjs y traouemkgs pmrm

msgnurmr qug sg aevjqug km ejrlm y sg bmnm tmloaáe uem aetgrprgtmhaøe dg km ejrlm. Xg rgquagrg trmom`mr dgsdg km kønahm (ùrìdahm) dgsdg gk rmzjemlagetj (ùrìdahj) pmrm pjdgr, pjr g`glpkj, dghar qug gk aeduoaj

8==

prj pgrsjemg tageg qug sgr gk pavjt dg tus lgdadms hmutgkmrgs, pjrquá dghaljs qug gk praehapaj dg km dgoadm dakangeham kg dm mk Gstmdj gsm jokanmhaøe (…) hjlj vgljs ge km sgetgeham dg Hmlpj Mknjdjegrj (vs.

Láxahj), qug bmy qug alpkglgetmr km ejrlm.

Nrmhagkm Pgkmym, Darghtjrm dg Xgrvahajs dg Mtgehaøe m km Lu`gr dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr. Getrgvastm rgmkazmdm gk dìm ?2 dg ùkaj dg ?6=>. Ge humetj m km Kgy ge ngegrmk (…) sg hjesadgrm ge ngegrmk qug sì gs hjevgehajemk. Momrhm vmrajs tapjs dg vajkgeham qug metgs ej

tgeìmljs, muequg ej tagege darghtmlgetg smehaøe, søkj pmrm quagegs sje iuehajemrajs pðokahjs. Hjesadgrm y momrhm, pgrj ej gspghìiahmlgetg (smehajem). Momrhm tjdj tapj dg lu`gr, lu`grgs rurmkgs, lu`grgs pjkìtahms… tjdms sae dashralaemhaøe.

Ge humetj m kjs mspghtjs pjsatavjs Dgsdg qug sg hjlgezø m bmokmr dg gstm Kgy, km ngetg hjlgezø m vgear lís (m XGDMLW_), bmstm kjs lgdajs dg hjlueahmhaøe hjlagezme m lg`jrmr km ijrlm ge km qug sg rgiagrge m kms lugrtgs dg kms lu`grgs. M pgsmr dg qug ej sg prgsgetg ue hjkhbøe prgsupugstmraj, ym ejs gstmljs prgpmrmedj pmrm gk mýj ?6=2, pgrj pjr mbjrm gstmljs vagedj uem hjjpgrmhaøe (aetgremhajemk). Tjdms kms aestmehams pðokahms gstíe ge kj laslj.

Ge humetj m km aetgnrmkadmd dg km Kgy Mk Laeastgraj dg Xmkud (Vðokahm y Oagegstmr Xjhamk) kg hjlpgtg km rggduhmhaøe dg kjs mnrgsjrgs, ge gk hmsj dg qug ej sgm uem vajkgeham luy gxtrglm, y mbjrm gstmljs ge prjhgsj dg gkmojrmr ue prjtjhjkj y vgr hølj pjdgljs hjkmojrmr hje gk Laeastgraj dg Xmkud y bmhgr uem msgsjrìm mk rgspghtj. (…) kmlgetmokglgetg mknuems aestmehams ym gstíe mkgrtmedj ge qug ej vme m hulpkar. (rgiaraáedjsg mk

Laeastgraj dg Dgigesm Vðokahm) Muequg dghkmrge aehjestatuhajemk m km ejrlm, ej pugdge ej hulpkar. Gspghamklgetg pjrqug gstm aestatuhaøe ijrlm pmrtg dg km Lgsm Aetgraestatuhajemk dg Vrgvgehaøe dg Yajkgeham y pmrtahapø dg gstg prjhgsj. (…) tageg qug bmogr uem aestatuhaøe qug kg dgiagedm m kms lu`grgs. Ejsjtrms hjetmljs hje haehj mojnmdms daspjeaokgs y lís dgk >6% dg kms lu`grgs qug hjesuktme (ge XGDMLW_) ej pugdge hjstgmr su dgigesm, y ej sjkmlgetg ge gk mhjlpmýmlagetj ge ue ùznmdj dg pmz, saej tmloaáe pmrm kms eghgsadmdgs dg jtrjs trílatgs kgnmkgs qug dgome rgqugrar pmrm glprgedgr uem vadm kaorg dg vajkgeham. Hjesadgrj qug gs iuedmlgetmk qug kms lu`grgs tgenme ue pmtrjhaeaj. Kj laslj hje km Iashmkìm, pjr gk ljlgetj sjkj bmy uem ge Numarí, dgoge ar moraáedjsg lís. Ej sg pugdg dghar quggetagedj ej sg vmqug m hulpkar. (…) kjs prjtjhjkjs (mk rgigrarsg m kjs lghmeasljs y mhhajegs prajratmrams qug dgtgrlaem km Kgy dgoge

hrgmrsg dgsdg kms dastaetms aestmehams y jrnmeasljs) tagege ue rjk luy alpjrtmetg, ej sjkj pmrm huorar kms írgms dg aetgrprgtmhaøe qug hjlpkglgetm km musgeham dg tapaiahmhaøe y smehajegs, saej pjrqug bmy luhbm ngetg qug ej tageg eaenðe tapj dg geijqug dg náegrj, bmy luhbjs mhtumrajs dg ùstaham qug ej aehjrpjrmr uem vasaøe aetgnrmk, eghgsatme ue aestrulgetj sjorg hølj mhtumr (…) bmhg imktm luhbm hmpmhatmhaøe (gspghamklgetg) m kjs iashmkgs, pgrj m tjdjs kjs jpgrmdjrgs y jpgrmdjrms dg ùstaham. Xjorg tjdj, ge gk aetgrajr (…) pjr g`glpkj, mhmomljs dg tjlmr aetgrvgehaøe ge ue hmsj ge gk qug ue bjlorg hjedgemdj pjr vajkgeham djlástahm y qug gstmom pravmdj dg su kaogrtmd, mhmom dg sgr gxhmrhgkmdj hje uem lgdadm dg mrrgstj djlahakamraj3 ge hjesghugeham, vavg mlgemzmedj hjestmetglgetg dg lugrtg m su lu`gr y imlakamrgs. Gsms sje kms hjsms ge kms qug tjdmvìm gstmljs sae prjtghhaøe, km anejrmeham irgetg m km pgrspghtavm dg náegrj.

8=?

Ge rgkmhaøe m kms dgoakadmdgs dg km Kgy (…) km musgeham dg kms ueavgrsadmdgs gs ue imhtjr prgjhupmetg. Ej pugdg qugdmr sjkmlgetg ge km

ijrlmhaøe gspghamkazmdm y pjhm dgk Gstmdj km rgspjesmoakadmd dg ijrlmr m km pjokmhaøe hjetrm km vajkgeham bmham kms lu`grgs. (…) tjdmvìm imktm gduhmr m km pjokmhaøe ge ngegrmk. _ghagetglgetg gstuvaljs trmom`medj hje táheahjs,

táheahms y gduhmdjrgs (ijrlmdjrgs dg ijrlmdjrgs) ge ngegrmk dgk Laeastgraj dg Gduhmhaøe y tagege luhbms dgoakadmdgs mk rgspghtj y ej smoge hølj geirgetmr km vajkgeham. Gstm ej gs uem Kgy humkquagrm. Hjesadgrj qug buoj pjhm aevgstanmhaøe dgsdg gk Hjenrgsj pmrm msgsjrmr y tjlmr dgtgrlaemhajegs. Xì sg bahagrje mknuems mudagehams pðokahms y rgueajegs, pgrj saglprg sg aom mkkì y gkkjs euehm vaeagrje m ejsjtrms m vgr quá iuehajemom y quá sg eghgsatmom ==6.

Ge humetj m kjs batjs Km hrgmhaøe dg km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Lu`gr, kugnj Laeastgraj, gs sae dudm ue batj praehapmk hje sus pkmegs dg anumkdmd. Km hrgmhaøe dg km Kgy =966 (?666) y km hrgmhaøe dg sgrvahajs dg mtgehaøe tmloaáe. Mknj lís rghagetg, kms Davasajegs Gspghamkazmdms ge km Vjkahìm, tgegr ue mkogrnug y gk Xastglm =8> (…)

Ge humetj m sanuagetgs pmsjs (…) dgogrìm dg bmogr lís aevgstanmhaøe. Xg dgogrìm gstudamr mk rgspghtj dg kjs gightjs dg iglaeahadaj, pjr

g`glpkj. ]uá pmsm hje kjs eaýjs qug qugdme hje imlakamrgs u jtrms pgrsjems. (…) dgsdg gk Josgrvmtjraj (dg Dgrghbj dg kms lu`grgs m uem Yadm Kaorg dg Yajkgeham) ej sjkml getg

dgogljs rghjngr km aeijrlmhaøe, saej qug, sa tgegljs kjs lgdajs, dgogljs bmhgr aevgstanmhaøe. (…) sg dgog trmom`mr lís hje km Xjhagdmd Havak. Dgsdg gk mýj qug vageg qug pmrtahapmríe dg km Lgsm

(Aetgraestatuhajemk dg Vrgvgehaøe dg km Yajkgeham hjetrm km Lu`gr) gspgrj qug bmym lís hjkmojrmhaøe y hrìtahm hjestruhtavm (…) ge jtrms haudmdgs vghaems hjlj Ougejs Margs j Ljetgvadgj, km sjhagdmd havak

trmom`m dgsdg ue egxj luhbj lís pjsatavj y dg hjkmojrmhaøe y hjestruhhaøe hjkghtavm. Bmy qug hjestruar ùetjs. (…) sg dgog mpjstmr m km prgvgehaøe y mhjlpmýmlagetj m km lu`gr3 gs ue dgsmiìj rgkgvmetg trmom`mr hje kjs

mnrgsjrgs pmrm prgpmrmr gk prjhgsj pjrqug luhbms lu`grgs vugkvge hje quage iug su mnrgsjr y ej pjdgljs anejrmrkj. (…) dgogljs trmom`mr luhbj ge gduhmh aøe y dgsdg km gduhmhaøe0 trmom`mr hje eaýjs, eaýms y `øvgegs pmrm

hmloamr km hukturm pmtramrhmk, hmloamr pmrmdanlms. Dgogljs trmom`mr luhbj lís kj hukturmk, lmeg`mr km dgsanumkdmd getrg bjlorgs y lu`grgs pmrm kjnrmr km gquadmd. Gstí emturmkazmdm km dgsanumkdmd qug geirgetme kms lu`grgs y gsj dgogljs hmloamr pjrqug pmrm gk hjlðe dg km ngetg gsj gs msì0 gk bjlorg gs gk `gig, gk bjlorg gs gk qug tjlm kms dghasajegs y gsj ej eghgsmramlgetg gs msì. Wem dg kms hjsms qug mprgedaljs dg kjs prjyghtjs qug tuvaljs ge gk pmsmdj dg lahrj-glprgedalagetjs gs qug lagetrms lís glpjdgrmdm gstí km lu`gr, lís iugrtg gs km vajkgeham. Vgesíomljs qug gk glpjdgrmlagetj dmom aedgpgedgeham y gsj ej gs msì, pjrqug gsg glpjdgrmlagetj grm sjkj ghjeølahj y ej ge km pmrtg dg km rgkmhaøe y kjs rjkgs dgsdg kms eugvms lmshukaeadmdgs y rjkgs sjhamkgs.

Getrgvastm m Hmrlge Hjkmzj, Gquapj rgdmhtjr dg km Kgy. Getrgvastm rgmkazmdm gk dìm 7 dg mnjstj dg ?6=>.

==6

Gk Xgrvahaj dg Mtgehaøe m km Lu`gr Yìhtalm dg Yajkgeham (XGDMLW_) sg gehugetrm m trgs humdrms dgk Hjenrgsj

Emhajemk dg km Emhaøe.

8=8

Xjorg su rjk y gk prjhgsj La rjk iug gk dg gstmr hjlj msgsjrm dg km Laeastrm dg km Lu`gr (Hrastaem Luýjz) humedj sg hrgø km Kgy =966, huym hjesuktjrm iug Hkmrm _jsm Nmkkmrdjeg3 dgsdg mkkì gs qug hjejzhj oage kms imkgehams qug iug tgeagedj ge gk trmeshursj dgk taglpj km mpkahmhaøe dg km Kgy =966 y gk pjrquá ejsjtrjs dghadaljs ar m uem Kgy aetgnrmk. Km pralgrm prjpugstm gstuvj trmom`mdm pjr kjs trgs pjdgrgs (…) sg gkmojrø ue Hødanj, uem hjdaiahmhaøe dg dgrghbjs dg kms lu`grgs hje príhtahmlgetg tjdj kj qug sg pjdìm pjegr, pgrj pmrm qug sgm uem Kgy, dgsdg km táheahm kgnaskmtavm, tageg qug tgegr hagrtms hmrmhtgrìstahms (y gstm prjpugstm kms gxhgdìm) y ge pmrtg tmloaáe iug pjr kj qu g iug oajhjtgmdj ge gk hjenrgsj (…) gstg Hjenrgsj tageg ue lmedmtj hkmrj dgk Vrgsadgetg0 ej bmy prgsupugstj3 tjdm eugvm kgy tageg qug pmsmr pjr gk Laeastgraj dg Bmhagedm pm rm vgraiahmr kms prajradmdgs y vajkgeham dg náegrj ej gs uem prajradmd ge km mdlaeastrmhaøe. (…) humedj aeahaj la prjhgsj dg hjesuktm dg km Hjlasaøe Xjhamk y Náegrj gehugetrj qug getrg kms

prjpugstms pgedagetgs gstmom km Kgy aetgnrmk. Bmoìm sadj rghbmzmdm pjr kms trgs hjlasajegs m kms qug bmoìm adj y pjr km pkgemram. Lg da`grje qug uej dg kjs ljtavjs dg lmyjr rghbmzj grm su táheahm kgnaskmtavm. Dg bghbj, km usme hjlj g`glpkj dg lmkm táheahm kgnaskmtavm pjr km gxtgesaøe dgk tìtukj, pjr su gxtgesaøe ngegrmk, pjrqug hmloamom dgiaeahajegs dg kms Hjevgehajegs Aetgremhajemkgs, ngegrmom uem hmetadmd gejrlg dg dgiaeahajegs dastaetms m kms hjevgehajemkgs y gsj ej pjdìm pgrlatarsg. Metg km hjesuktm sg da`j qug kj qug sg trmtø dg bmhgr iug prjiuedazmr kjs hjehgptjs. Ge gsg ljlgetj tjlá uem dghasaøe pralgrm dg rggstruhturmrkm, oushmedj km ijrlm dg trmom`mr ge uem Kgy qug pgrlatagrm ngegrmr omsgs hjehgptumkgs hjehrgtms dg mvmehg prjnrgsavj qug ej ngegrg hjeikahtj ge gk Hjenrgsj. (…) jtrj prjokglm iug km pmrtg

pgemk qug mulgetmom pgem y hrgmom dgkatjs eugvjs, qug, muequg gstuvagrm luy oage qug gstuvagrme, m kjs bjlorgs dgk Hjenrgsj kgs msustmom y egnmrje rjtuedmlgetg tjdm pjsaoakadmd dg mvmehg. Grm uem hjdaiahmhaøe dg vajkgeham qug, muequg prjomokglgetg sg vm m dmr hje gk taglpj, ej grm pjsaokg ge gsg ljlgetj sjhamk y pjkìtahj ge djedg sg km dgejstø y hmkaiahø hjlj ‛kgy dgk parjpj“ (…) Tgeìm aehkusavg tjdm

uem pmrtg dg imktms qug gs luy eghgsmram pgrj qug kmlgetmokglgetg, iug hjesadgrmdm hjlj gxhgsavm. Tjdj gk luedj hjesadgrmom km alpjrtmeham dg km Kgy, pgrj ej uem ejrlm hjlj gstm. Memkazmedj kgygs hjlpmrmdms, gehjetrmljs qug km lmyjrìm ge km rgnaøe sg trmtm dg kgygs rgkmtavmlgetg hjrtms daranadms m gstmokghgr pjkìtahms pðokahms. Q ge pjkìtahm bmy qug sgr rgmkastm0 yj pugdj sgr imetístahm ge kj aetgkghtumk, uem nrme ùrastm, lmxalmkastm3 pgrj sa tgenj ue Hjenrgsj qug ej gstí prgpmrmdj, ej sg pugdg. Gk pralgr gsojzj trmom`mdj grm dg uem Kgy qug pjkìtahmlgetg pgrlatagrm km ngegrmhaøe dg uem pjkìtahm aetgnrmk y kugnj dgsmrrjkkmr uem sgrag dg kgygs qug vmyme ngegrmedj kjs prjhgsjs dg lmegrm aedavadumk qug msgnurg km gstruhturm iuedmlgetmk dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr, aehkuygedj sjkmlgetg kjs dgkatjs lís alpjrtmetgs musgetgs ge gk Hødanj Vgemk hje hratgrajs nmrmetastms pmrm gk mousj, mhjsj hmkkg`grj, mhjsj sgxumk, mhjsj tgkglítahj y iglaeahadaj. Q ge prgsupugstj sg hjkjhmom mknj aedahmtavj (…) gk hjehgptj grm gk dg km uem

Vjkìtahm Aetgnrmk pjr sjorg gk Dgrghbj Vgemk hje rghtjrìm dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr sanuagedj km kønahm dg (km Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg) Oga`ìe. M pmrtar dg mbì sg bazj ue prjhgsj pmrtahapmtavj mlpkaj ge km qug aeahamklgetg sg bmokmom dg náegrj bmhagedj km mhkmrmhaøe, qug yj laslm pusg ge km lgsm, tmloaáe grm uem dghasaøe pjkìtahm qug pjtgehamklgetg tgeìm tjdm km pjsaoakadmd dg sgr okjqugmdm. Getjehgs sg jptø ge km lgsm dg trmom`j dg bmokmr dg Lu`gr y ej dg Náegrj, hjesadgrmedj qug hjlj gk lmrhj rghtjr gstmrìm ge gk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr, eghgsmramlgetg sg nmrmetazm uem mpkahmhaøe mlpkam dg kjs hjlprjlasjs aetgremhajemkgs (…) jtrm hjsm qug gehjetrmljs ge km kgnaskmhaøe hjlpmrmdm grm km dg lmetgegr kms dgiaeahajegs gxmhtms dg kjs sastglms. Gstj gs pjrqug km hkmvg gstí ge km aetgrprgtmhaøe qug dgogríe tgegr quagegs sje pgrsjems ùznmdjrms y ej ge km rgpgtahaøe dg lgljram y trmeshraphaøe dg uem ejrlm. (…) dg gstm lmegrm la prjpugstm jranaemk iug km dg trmom`mr ue ´prjhgsj´ dg kgygs qug aeahamom hje km Kgy

dg hrgmhaøe dg km Vjkìtahm Aetgnrmk, hjlj Kgy Erj =, y msì suhgsavmlgetg gk prgsupugstj, y kugnj ue tgrhgr ljlgetj dg getrmr ge kj pgemk, kj mdlaeastrmtavj, gth.

8=4

Mdahajemklgetg, buoj uem dghasaøe dgk Hjenrgsj dg qug tjdj kj qug tuvagrm qug vgr hje kj pgemk, dgoìm sgr dgravmdj mk trmtmlagetj dg km Hjlasaøe dg Gstudaj pmrm km _gijrlm Vgemk. Getjehgs mkkì sg tjlø km dghasaøe pjkìtahm dg lmetgegr gk hjehgptj dg iglaeahadaj, ej hjlj bjlahadaj pjrqug smoìmljs qug hjetíomljs hje metghgdgetgs hjlj gk dgk hmsj Trjtg qug ngegrmom km suiahagetg ùrasprudgeham, saej hjlj hkmradmd hjehgptumk vaehukmdj mk ngejhadaj, dg kgsm bulmeadmd, qug dglugstrg km eghgsadmd dg pgems tme nrmvgs.

Ge humetj m km Kgy (…) km Kgy gstí oage, gs kj qug sg pjdìm kjnrmr ge gsg ljlgetj. Tjdj kj dglís pugdg sgr rgnkmlgetmdj.

Mbjrm qugdm gk dgsmiìj dg vgr kj pgemk ge km rgijrlm pgemk. Km gxpgrageham aetgremhajemk sg vg ge km Kgy dmdj qug Ogkgl dj Vmrí y kms pjkìtahms dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Lu`grgs y gk msgsjrmlagetj táheahj dg JEWLW@G_GX iug pmrtg dgk prjhgsj dg lmegrm hjestmetg, mk lgejs bmstm døedg gstuvg yj aevjkuhrmdm.

8=7

Megxj 8. Humdrj dg aedahmdjrgs dg meíkasas dg hjevgehajemkadmd mpkahmdj m km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 dg kjs Mrtìhukjs = mk 76 (gxhkuygedj kms daspjsahajegs iaemkgs) Tapj dg Aedahmdjr Aedahmdjr Aedahmdjrgs Eðlgrj dg Mrtìhukjs rgkgvmdjs qug gstmokghge gstruhturmkgs j rgiagrge hjlprjlasjs dg ue Gstmdj pmrtg vaehukmdjs mk dgrghbj dg ej dashralaemhaøe hjlj ijrlm dg vajkgeham y vajkgeham omsmdm ge msalgtrìms dg náegrj m lu`grgs y eaýms.

_gsuktmdj 76 dg 76 Mrtìhukjs gstmokghge j rgiagrge m hjlprjlasjs dgk XADB

Dgsmnrgnmhaøe Tapj dg Xastglm mk qug rgspjedg. Xastglm Weavgrsmk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej Vjr tapj dg dgrghbj. Yadm Aetgnradmd Iìsahm y Vsahjkønahm • •

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Daneadmd Lmktrmtj, trmtj hrugk y tjrturm Kaogrtmd y sgnuradmd pgrsjemk Anumkdmd ge km imlakam Xmkud iìsahm y lgetmk Mloagetg sgnurj y smkudmokg Kaogrtmd dg pgesmlagetj, hjehageham y gxprgsaøe Vrjpagdmd Aetaladmd g almnge Xmkud Xgxumk y _gprjduhtavm Gduhmhaøe Trmom`j Dgoadj prjhgsj y nmrmetìms ùdahamkgs Vjr hahkj dg vadm. Eaým Mdjkgshgetg Mduktm Mduktm lmyjr • • • • • •

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8=9

Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 qug sg iuedmlgetme ge ue djhulgetj dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 qug sg iuedmlgetme ge ue djhulgetj dgk Xastglm Weavgrsmk dg Vrjtghhaøe

76 mrtìhukjs, gk =66%, gehugetrm iuedmlgetmhaøe ge mknðe djhulgetj dgk XADB

Tapj dg Xastglm mk qug rgspjedg Xastglm Weavgrsmk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej Hulorgs @udahamkgs Tapj dg djhulgetj Dghkmrmhaøe Ngegrmk =1 dg HGDM^. Dghkmrmhaøe y Vkmtmijrlm dg Mhhaøe dg Ogaàen. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg =117. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km • • •

76 mrtìhukjs =66%

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dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg =119. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg =119. Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?667. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?669. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?66>. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs dgk Eaýj. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg gk dgrghbj m km gduhmhaøe. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=6. Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==.

8=>

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Hjlatá pmrm km Gkalaemhaøe dg km dashralaemhaøe hjetrm km lu`gr. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. Hjlatá hjetrm km Tjrturm. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6==. _gkmtjrm Gspghamk sjorg km Gxtrglm Vjorgzm y kjs Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=?. Hjlatá dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=8. _gkmtjr Gspghamk sjorg kjs dgrghbjs dg kjs

pugokjs ?6=7. aedìngems. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg Gxmlge Vgraødahj Weavgrsmk. _ghjlgedmhajegs dg ?6=9. Vrjnrmlm dg mhhaøe dg km Hjeigrgeham Aetgremhajemk sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj. Gstrmtgnam Luedamk ?.6 pmrm km smkud dg kms lu`grgs, km eaýgz y km mdjkgshgeham. Mngedm dg Mhhaøe dg Mdas Mogom. Jo`gtavjs dg Dgsmrrjkkj Xjstgeaokg. Hjesgesj dg Ljetgvadgj sjorg pjokmhaøe y dgsmrrjkkj. Tapj dg djhulgetj Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. _ghjlgedmhajegs dgk Tgrhgr aeijrlg sjorg km satumhaøe dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs ge Vmrmnumy dg ?66=. •

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Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 qug sg iuedmlgetme ge ue djhulgetj dgk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej dg Vrjtghhaøe

41 mrtìhukjs 12%

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8=2

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Aedahmdjrgs dg prjhgsjs

Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 qug sg iuedmlgetme ge ue djhulgetj dg uem aestmeham qug ej sgm gk Xastglm Weavgrsmk j Aetgrmlgrahmej Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 qug gstmokghge lgdadms hjehrgtms pmrm bmhgr gightavjs dgrghbjs ge ue djhulgetj dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 gstmokghge lgdadms hjehrgtms pmrm bmhgr gightavjs dgrghbjs ge ue djhulgetj dgk Xastglm Weavgrsmk dg Vrjtghhaøe

=? mrtìhukjs ?4%

Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. Aeijrlg dg sgnualagetj dg _ghjlgedmhajegs dg km Hjlasaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs dg ?668. Hjrtg Aetgrmlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs. • Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Qmcyg Mxm Ys. Vmrmnumy. • Hmsj Hjlueadmd Aedìngem Xmwbjymlmxm Ys. Vmrmnumy.

Hmsj Hjlueadmd Rícljc Císgc Ys.Aedìngem Vmrmnumy. Vjr aestmeham Hulorgs @udahamkgs Vjr tapj dg djhulgetj =66 _gnkms dg Ormsakam. Tapj dg Xastglm mk qug rgspjedg Xastglm Weavgrsmk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej •

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4= mrtìhukjs 2?%

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4= mrtìhukjs 2?%

Tapj dg djhulgetj Hjevgehaøe pmrm km gkalaemhaøe dg tjdms kms ijrlms dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Havakgs y Vjkìtahjs Vmhtj Aetgremhajemk dg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs •

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Hjevgehaøe hjetrm km tjrturm y tjdj trmtj hrugk aebulmej y dgnrmdmetg 8=1

Hjevgehaøe Aetgremhajemk dg kjs dgrghbjs dgk eaýj Hjevgehaøe dg pgrsjems hje dashmpmhadmd Vrjtjhjkj dg Vmkgrlj Hjevgeaj =91 dg km Jrnmeazmhaøe Aetgremhajemk dgk Trmom`j Tapj dg djhulgetj Hjevgehaøe Aetgrmlgrahmem pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs •

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Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 qug gstmokghge lgdadms hjehrgtms pmrm bmhgr gightavjs dgrghbjs ue djhulgetj dgk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej dg Vrjtghhaøe

46 mrtìhukjs 26%

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Dghkmrmhaøe Dgogrgs dgk Mlgrahmem Bjlorg dg Dgrghbjs y Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs Vrjtjhjkj mdahajemk m km Hjevgehaøe Mlgrahmem dg Dgrghbjs Bulmejs sjorg Dgrghbjs Ghjeølahjs, Xjhamkgs y Hukturmkgs Vjr aestmeham Hulorgs @udahamkgs Vjr tapj dg djhulgetj =66 _gnkms dg Ormsakam. •

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Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 gstmokghge lgdadms hjehrgtms pmrm bmhgr gightavjs dgrghbjs ge ue djhulgetj dg uem aestmeham qug ej sgm gk Xastglm Weavgrsmk j Aetgrmlgrahmej Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 gstmokghge lgdadms hjehrgtms pmrm dgljstrmr gk hulpkalagetj dg dgrghbjs ge ue djhulgetj dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe

=? mrtìhukjs ?4%

Eðlgrj dg lgdadms gstmokghadms

48 lgdadms

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4= mrtìhukjs 2?%

Tapj dg Xastglm mk qug rgspjedg Xastglm Weavgrsmk Xastglm Aetgrmlgrahmej Hulorgs @udahamkgs • • •

Vjr tapj dg lgdadm

8?6

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_jk dgk Getg _ghtjr pmrm gk gstmokghalagetj, prjljhaøe y daiusaøe dg Vjkìtahms Vðokahms pmrm prgvgear, smehajemr y grrmdahmr km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs (Mrtìhukj 9) Aehkusaøe dg prjnrmlms gspghìiahjs dg prgvgehaøe, smehaøe y grrmdahmhaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs ge gk prgsupugstj m sgr prgsgetmdj mk Vrgsupugstj Ngegrmk dg km Emhaøe pjr pmrtg dg aestmehams, getadmdgs y ørnmejs dg mpkahmhaøe (Mrtìhukj 2) dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 Vrjbaoahaøe dg rgprjduhhaøe pmrm usj pmrtahukmr j daiusaøe pðokahm dg km aeijrlmhaøe rgkmhajemdm hje satumhajegs dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr (mrtìhukj 1) Msanemhaøe dg ue Ørnmej _ghtjr (Mrtìhukj ==) Gstmokghalagetj dg hjlpgtgehams dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr (Mrtìhukj =?) Gstmokghalagetj dg Mtraouhajegs dgk Laeastgraj dg km Lu`gr (Mrtìhukj =?) Msanemhaøe dg lgdadms m sgr g`ghutmdms pjr gk Laeastgraj dg Gduhmhaøe y Hagehams (Mrtìhukj =8) Msanemhaøe dg lgdadms m sgr g`ghutmdms pjr km Xghrgtmrìm dg Aeijrlmhaøe y Hjlueahmhajegs (Mrtìhukj =4)

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Msanemhaøe dg lgdadms m sgr pjr km Xghrgtmrìm Emhajemk dgg`ghutmdms Tghejkjnìms

8?=

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dg Aeijrlmhaøe y Hjlueahmhaøe (Mrtìhukj =7) Msanemhaøe dg lgdadms m sgr g`ghutmdms pjr km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Iuehaøe Vðokahm (Mrtìhukj =9) Msanemhaøe dg lgdadms m sgr g`ghutmdms pjr gk Laeastgraj dg Trmom`j Glpkgj y Xgnuradmd Xjhamk (Mrtìhukj =>) Msanemhaøe dg lgdadms m sgr g`ghutmdms pjr km Xghrgtmrìm dg Mhhaøe Xjhamk (Mrtìhukj =2) Msanemhaøe dg lgdadms m sgr g`ghutmdms pjr km Xghrgtmrìm dg Glgrngeham Emhajemk (Mrtìhukj =1) Msanemhaøe dg lgdadms m sgr g`ghutmdms pjr km Xghrgtmrìm dg Yavagedm y Bíoatmt (Mrtìhukj ?6) Msanemhaøe dg lgdadms m sgr g`ghutmdms pjr km Xghrgtmrìm dg km Eaýgz y km Mdjkgshgeham (Mrtìhukj ?=) Msanemhaøe dg lgdadms m sgr g`ghutmdms pjr gk Laeastgraj dg Xmkud Vðokahm y Oagegstmr Xjhamk (Mrtìhukj ??) Msanemhaøe dg lgdadms m sgr g`ghutmdms pjr gk Laeastgraj dg @ustaham (Mrtìhukj ?8) Msanemhaøe dg lgdadms m sgr g`ghutmdms pjr kms Hjesg`grìms Lueahapmkgs dg km Eaýgz (Mrtìhukj ?4) Msanemhaøe dg lgdadms m sgr g`ghutmdms pjr kms Lueahapmkadmdgs (Mrtìhukj ?7)

8??

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Msanemhaøe dg lgdadms m sgr g`ghutmdms pjr kms Njogremhajegs (mrtìhukj ?9) Msanemhaøe dg rgprgsgetmhajegs m km Lgsm Aetgraestatuhajemk dg Vrgvgehaøe dg vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr (Mrtìhukj ?>) Hrgmhaøe dgk Vrjnrmlm dg Hmsms dg Mhjnadm (Mrtìhukj ?2) Dgsanemhaøe dg iuehajegs dgk Vrjnrmlm dg Hmsms dg Mhjnadm (Mrtìhukj ?2) Hrgmhaøe dgk Xastglm Weaiahmdj y Gstmedmrazmdj dg _gnastrj (Mrtìhukj ?1) Dgiaeahaøe dgk hjetgeadj dg kjs aeijrlgs mk Xastglm Weaiahmdj y Gstmedmrazmdj dg _gnastrj (Mrtìhukj 86) Hrgmhaøe dgk Josgrvmtjraj dg Dgrghbjs dg kms Lu`grgs (Mrtìhukj 8=) Hrgmhaøe dgk Xastglm Aetgnrmk dg Vrgvgehaøe y Mtgehaøe (Mrtìhukj 8?) Gstmokghalagetj dg Xgrvahajs Emhajemkgs dg Mtgehaøe (Mrtìhukj 88) Hrgmhaøe dgk Lghmeaslj dg _ggduhmhaøe dg km Vgrsjem Mnrgsjrm (Mrtìhukj 84) Dgtgrlaemhaøe dg kms lgdadms m sgr alpkglgetmdms pjr gk Vjdgr @udahamk (Mrtìhukj 89) Msanemhajegs dg kms tmrgms m sgr g`ghutmdms pjr kjs @uznmdjs dg Vmz (Mrtìhukj 8>) Dgtgrlaemhaøe dg kms lgdadms m sgr alpkglgetmdms gk Laeastgraj dg km Dgigesm Vðokahm pjr (Mrtìhukj 82) 8?8

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Dgtgrlaemhaøe dg kms lgdadms m sgr alpkglgetmdms pjr gk Laeastgraj Vðokahj (Mrtìhukj 81) Dgtgrlaemhaøe dg kms lgdadms m sgr alpkglgetmdms pjr km Vjkahìm Emhajemk (Mrtìhukj 46) Gstmokghalagetj dg km jokanmhaøe dg smehajegs mdlaeastrmtavms dashapkaemrams ge hmsj dg aehulpkalagetj m kjs dgogrgs msanemdjs m iuehajemramdj pðokahj (Mrtìhukj 4=) Geulgrmhaøe dgpugdge mdahajemkgs Vrjtghhaøe qug sgr Lgdadms dg alpkglgetmdms ge gk íloatj ùrasdahhajemk (Mrtìhukj 48) Vrjbaoahaøe dg hjehakamhaøe, lgdamhaøe j humkquagr jtrm lgdadm mktgremtavm dg rgsjkuhaøe dg hjeikahtjs (Mrtìhukj 44) Dgtgrlaemhaøe dg km pjsaoakadmd dg gstmokghalagetj dg Lgdadms dg Xgnualagetj m kms Lgdadms dg Vrjtghhaøe (Mrtìhukj 47) Geulgrmhaøe dg kjs Vraehapajs Vrjhgsmkgs m sgr hjesadgrmdjs pmrm gk trmtmlagetj dg km prgvgehaøe, smehaøe y grrmdahmhaøe dg km vajkgeham hjetrm km lu`gr (Mrtìhukj 49) Dgtgrlaemhaøe dg aestmehams pðokahms rgspjesmokgs dg tjlmr dgeuehams dg vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs (Mrtìhukj 4>)

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Gstmokghalagetj dgkdg prjhgdalagetj sgnuar pmrm km tjlm dgeuehams m

8?4

rgkmtavms m vajkgeham hjetrm kms lu`grgs (Mrtìhukj 42) Dgtgrlaemhaøe rgkmtavm m qug kjs tapjs pgemkgs gstmokghadjs ge km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 hjrrgspjedge m Mhhaøe Vgemk Vðokahm y ge hjesghugeham sje dg pgrsghuhaøe jokanmtjram dgk Gstmdj (Mrtìhukj 41) Dgiaeahaøe dgk tapj pgemk dg iglaeahadaj (Mrtìhukj 76) Tapj dg Xastglm mk qug rgspjedg Xastglm Weavgrsmk •

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Aedahmdjrgs dg rgsuktmdjs

Hmetadmd y pjrhgetm`g dg Mrtìhukjs dg km Kgy 7>>>/?6=9 gstmokghge lgdadms hjehrgtms qug hjetraouyge gk hulpkalagetj dg dgrghbjs pmrm ge uedgljstrmr djhulgetj dgk Xastglm Aetgremhajemk dg Vrjtghhaøe Eðlgrj dg lgdadms gstmokghadms

? mrtìhukjs 4%

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? lgdadms

Xastglm HulorgsAetgrmlgrahmej @udahamkgs

Vjr tapj dg lgdadm Hrgmhaøe dgk Xastglm Weaiahmdj y Gstmedmrazmdj dg _gnastrj (Mrtìhukj ?1) Hrgmhaøe dgk Josgrvmtjraj dg Dgrghbjs dg kms Lu`grgs (Mrtìhukj 8=) •

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8?7

“Alcance de convencionalidad de la Ley 5777/2016 (Paraguay) de ´Protección integral a las mujeres contra toda forma de violencia´ frente al Sistema Internacional de Protección de Derechos Humanos” (Tésis de Maestría)

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