7 Configuration of Ruggedcom Switches.pdf

Power Transmission and Distribution

Power Automation

Progress. It‘s that simple.


Communication in Substations with IEC 61850 Ruggedcom Switch Configuration Markus Spangler, Siemens AG, PTD EA 13

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Design rules for optical rings Power Automation


1. A maximum of 30 SIPROTEC devices is permitted per ring. This is also true if multiple rings are connected to one switch. 2. If two switches are used, they should be directly connected with one another. 3. If two switches are used, the output of information is redundant if the information is obtained from both switches; this means that in case of a failure of one switch all information is still available. 4. If two or more switches are used, the rings should always be connected to different switches. The switches should be connected with one another. 5. The ends of rings with SIPROTEC 4 devices should always be connected to two switches which are in turn connected with one another. 6. If rings contain more than one switch, the switches must be taken into account for the total number of users. 7. If more than one external switch in used in a ring, the max. number of SIPROTEC devices must be calculeted according the formula: Number of SIPROTEC 4 devices + 3*number of ext. switches < 34 05/2007

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Optical module with integrated switch and ring redundancy Power Automation


Optical ring with 27 devices / ring (max. val)

just 2 external switches necessary 05/2007

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Terms Power Automation


Bridge: A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Bridges are similar to repeaters or network hubs, devices that connect network segments at the physical layer, however a bridge works by using bridging where traffic from one network is managed rather than simply rebroadcast to adjacent network segments This method uses a forwarding database to send frames across network segments. The forwarding database is initially empty and entries in the database are built as the bridge receives frames. If an address entry is not found in the forwarding database, the frame will be broadcasted to all ports of the bridge, except the source address. By means of these broadcast frames, the destination network will respond and a route will be created. Along with recording the network segment to which a particular frame is to be sent, bridges may also record a bandwidth metric to avoid looping when multiple paths are available. Devices that have this transparent bridging functionality are also known as adaptive bridges.

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HUB: An Ethernet hub or concentrator is a device for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet devices together, making them act as a single segment. Hubs work at the physical layer (layer 1) of the OSI model. The device is thus a form of multiport repeater. Ethernet hubs are also responsible for forwarding a jam signal to all ports if it detects a collision (collision domain). A hubbed Ethernet network behaves like a shared-medium, that is, only one device can successfully transmit at a time and each host remains responsible for collision detection and retransmission. n Ethernet hub, or repeater, is a fairly unsophisticated broadcast device. Hubs do not manage any of the traffic that comes through them, and any packet entering any port is broadcast out on every other port (every port other than the port of entry).

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Switch: A switch is a networking device that performs transparent bridging (connection of multiple network segments with forwarding based on MAC addresses) at up to the speed of the hardware. Common hardware includes switches, which can connect at 10, 100, or 1000 megabits per second (Mbit/s), at half or full duplex. Half duplex means that the device can only send or receive at any given time, whereas full duplex can send and receive at the same time. If a network has only switches and no hubs then the collision domains are either reduced to a single link or, if both ends support full duplex, eliminated altogether There are four forwarding methods a switch can use: Store and forward - The switch buffers and, typically, performs a checksum on each frame before forwarding it on. Cut through - The switch only reads up to the frame's hardware address before starting to forward it. There is no error checking with this method. Fragment free - A method which attempts to retain the benefits of both "Store and Forward" and "Cut-through". Fragment Free checks the first 64 bytes of the frame, where addressing information is stored. This way the frame will always reach its intended destination. Error checking of the actual data in the packet is left for the end device in Layer 3 or Layer 4 (OSI), typically a router. Adaptive switching - A method of automatically switching between the other three modes. 05/2007

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Router: A router is a layer 3 computer networking device that buffers and forwards data packets across an internetwork toward their destinations, through a process known as routing. Routing occurs at layer 3 (the Network layer e.g. IP) of the OSI seven-layer protocol stack. A router acts as a junction between two or more networks to buffer and transfer data packets among them. Gateway: is a node that serves as an entrance to another network, and vice-versa. Gateways are most commonly used to transfer data between private networks and the internet.

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Configuration of rugged-Switches: Power Automation


1.) By hyperterminal 2.) by telnet 3.) by Internet Explorer

2./3.): The IP-Address of the switches must be configured first with hyperterminal

Interesting information

http://www.ruggedcom.com/whitepapers.html 05/2007

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Configuration of rugged-Switches with hyperterminal Power Automation


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Establishing the hyperterminal connection: Power Automation


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Configuring the hyperterminal connection Power Automation


1.) Establish the communication via ‚Null-Modem-Cable‘ 1:1 extension (or via 2pcs of DIGSI-cables) to the RS232 port of the switch 2.) Press ‚Enter‘

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3.) Insert username and password ‚admin‘ and the main menu will appear

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4.) Set the IP-address of the switch by ‚Administration‘, => ‚Configure IP Services‘, the factory default IP-address of the switch is 192.168.0.1

Att: To transmit a config.csv-file by hyperterminal or tftp the tftp-Server must be enabled 05/2007

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5.) Set some system identification for the switch ‚Administration‘, => ‚System Identification‘

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6.) Set the time and date ‚Administration‘, => ‚Configure Time and Date‘

7.) Leave hyperterminal and ping the IP-address of the switch to check the communication 05/2007

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Preparation of Internet Explorer Power Automation


2. 4. 3.

No proxy server

1.

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Preparation of Internet Explorer Power Automation


If you have to use the proxy server than you have to set the IP-addresses of all bus-participants under ´Exceptions`

2. 4.

3.

No proxy server

1.

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Configuring the switch with telnet: Power Automation


Further settings can be done more comfortable with telnet

user name: admin Password: admin

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Configuring the switch with Internet Explorer: Power Automation


Further settings can be done more comfortable with the Internet Explorer login-menu

used FW-verison of the switch, use always the newest one, if possible

factory default Username: admin Password: admin 05/2007

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Configuring the switch with Internet Explorer: Power Automation


Main Menu of the switch

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Switch settings Power Automation


Administration most important are: Configure IP Services Parameters time and date (SNTP)

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Ethernet Ports most important are: Configure Port Parameters Configure Port Mirroring (troubleshooting)

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Recommended settings in further topics of main menu of RUGGEDCOM: Ethernet Ports => Configure Port Parameters

FO Ports

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for switch-to-switch Ports (Ring) set the parameter like in the picture

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Ethernet ports most important are: Bridge RSTP Parameters Port RSTP Parameter

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Recommended settings in further topics of main menu of RUGGEDCOM: Spanning Tree => Configure Bridge RSTP Parameters

eRSTP just in pure Ruggedcom rings 0= highest priority

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Hello-Telegrams: The entire RSTP algoriths is based on ring control telegrams, the hello telegrams, which are repeated in a Hello Time interval. These telegrams originate from the designated port, which has always a matching root port. The aging time (MaxAgeTime) stored in the root bridge is entered in the telegram to be transmitted. This time is of prime importance for determining the stability of a ring. The Hello Time is a configurable parameter which is set by default to 2 seconds. Aging time: Hello telegrams are subject to aging; the aging time is incremented internally in each switch, and used when a new hello telegram is transmitted via the root port. (defaultvalue: 20 seconds) Transmit Counter:max. amount of messages after reconfiguration. Value can be set to 100, value should be higher than the amount of switches. (default-value: 32) Forward Delay: duration in which the switch learns the MAC-addresses of the connected devices without forwarding the traffic (learning state). With a low value the forwarding state will be reached earlier, but the disadvantage is that unlearned MAC-addresses will be flooded to all ports (default-value: 15 seconds) listening-delay is also referenced to forward delay

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Bridge Priority: Bridge priority is used to determine the Root-Bridge Root-Bridge is the switch with the lowest ID Root-Bridge should be in the center of the network if all switches use the same priority, the switch with the lowest MAC-address will be the Root-Bridge automatically Cost Style: choose „RSTP with 32 bit“ the dedicated physical links will be allocated „costs“ in that way. The costs are more like an indication of the available bandwidth of this segment. With these values the segment for the logical separation of the ring will be done.

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Recommended settings in further topics of main menu of RUGGEDCOM: Spanning Tree => Configure Port RSTP Parameters

FO ring Ports

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design rules for Edge Ports (True/False)

If the connected devices are not able to build up a ring, the appropriate port of the external switch must be set as edge port.

SIPROTEC 4 devices which are directly connected via an electrical interface need an edge port. SIPROTEC 4 devices with optical interface which are set to line mode need an edge port. SIPROTEC 4 devices with optical interface which are set to switch mode must never be connected to an edge port. External switches forming a ring must never be connected to an edge port, since it does not allow to form a ring.

RSTP-Port-Priority can be left to factory default (128)

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VLAN With inserting addtitional informationbits to the ethernet frame a LAN segment can be devided in several independent subnets. An existing physical switch can segmented in different logical switches in that way. So called trunk ports can carry frames of different VLAN. Subscriber of a VLAN can communicate to each other furthermore. GOOSE messages work with VLAN-Tagging. A certain part of this information of the ethernet frame contains the priority bit. With a VLAN you separate your network in different broadcast domains, so you reach a lower networkload in case of broadcasts. For communication between the different VLAN you need a layer 3 instance, a router. With VLAN you can save components (and thereby money) because logical devided networks run on the same plattform 05/2007

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VLAN - how it works Power Automation


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VLAN most important are: Global VLAN Parameters Port VLAN Parameters

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Here you can activate the VLAN awareness

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here you can choose port type: edge or trunk the number of the VLAN-ID and the choice of tagged/untagged

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here you can create additional VLANs give them names and insert forbidden ports IGMP (for multicast grouping) set default to off

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Alarming

Alarm = on means, that every link –down of this port will be indicaded at the fail-safe contact and be transmitted via SNMP as well. This feature is usefull for trunk connections and ports with always connected and active devices 05/2007 37


Power Automation


Thank you very much for your attention.

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7 Configuration of Ruggedcom Switches.pdf

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