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SISTEMA DE INYECCION A GASOLINA CON CONTROL ELECTRONICO AUTOR: TNLGO MEC CARLOS SALAZAR PLAZA FECHA: 25 DE FEBRERO DEL 2012
EQUIPOS NECESARIOS: 1.- Manóme!" #e C"m$%&'$(e )"n &%& !e&*e)'+"& a)"*(e& 2.- M%(,me!" D''a( .- O&)'("&)"*'". O&)'("&)"*'". /.- S)anne! OBD 5.- A(')ae " *(a3" )"n#ena#"!. 4.- Lm*a!a #e *!%e$a *a!a *%(&"& #e 'n3e)"!e&. 6.-Lam*a!a #e *!%e$a e(e)!ón')a *a!a 12 +"('"& 7.- B"m$a #e +a)'" 8.- 9%e" #e De&"!n'((a#"!e& De&"!n'((a#"!e& 10.- 9%e" #e L(a+e& M'a& 11.-L'm*'a#"! #e C"na)"& 12.-;a'*e " !a*" ('m*'". INDICE
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01.- n!"#%))'ón <<<<<<<<<<.<<<<<<<<<<<..<<..<<. 02 02.- Re=!'e!ane 3 E(e)!" >en'(a#"!e& <...<<<<<<<.<<<<<.<..<<0 0.- S'&ema #e n3e))'ón a a&"('na )"n )"n!"( e(e)!?n')" <<.<<<<.<..<.. 0/ 0/.- Re(ee <<<<<..<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<..<. 05 04.- Re%(a#"! #e P!e&'ón <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<..<.. 05 05.- S'&ema #e A('mena)'ón #e )"m$%&'$(e <<<<<<<<.<<<<.<<.... 04 06.- P!%e$a& en e( S'&ema #e A('mena)'ón #e )"m$%&'$(e <<<<<<.<.<..< <<<<<<.<.<..< 06 06.1 B"m$a #e a&"('na <<<<<<<<<<<.<<<<<<..<<<<.. 08 06.2 T'*"& #e $"m$a& <<<<<<<<<<<<.<<<<<<<<<<... 10 06. C"n!"( #e =%n)'"nam'en" =%n)'"nam'en" #e (a $"m$a #e a&"('na *"! e( )a%#a(,me!" < 11 06./ C"n!"( #e =%n)'"nam'en" =%n)'"nam'en" #e (a $"m$a #e a&"('na *"! (a )"m*%a#"!a .... 12 07.- n3e)"!e& <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<..<<.<<..<.<<<<. 1 07.1 M@"#" #e A)'+a)'ón A)'+a)'ó n #e ("& n3e)"!e& <<.<<<<<..<<..<<<.. 15 07.2 n3e))'ón C"n'n%a <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<..<<<.. 14 07. n3e))'ón ne!m'ene ne!m'en e <<<<.<.<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<. 14 08.- L"& Sen&"!e& <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<<<.<. 16 08.1 T'*"& #e Sen&"!e& <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<<<. 17 08.2 Sen&"!e& %e m'#en (a )an'#a# #e a'!e %e 'n!e&a a( m""! <..<.<<.... <..<.<<.... 17 10.- E( Ca%#a(,me!" <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<...<<.. 18 11.- Sen&"! MAP <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<... 18 11.1 T'*"& #e Sen&"!e& MAP <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<...<. 20 11.2 P!%e$a& en e( Sen&"! MAP An("" <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.. 20 11. P!%e$a& en e( Sen&"! MAP D''a( <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 21 12.- Sen&"! #e H'(" Ca('ene MAF ...<<<<<<<<<<..<<<<.<<<... 22 12.1 P!%e$a& #e #'anó&')" #'anó&' )" en MAF An(""& <<<<<..<<<<<..<< 2 12.2 P!%e$a& #e #'anó&')" #'anó&' )" en MAF D''a( <<<<<<..<<<<<<..< 2/ 1.- Sen&"! #e Tem*e!a%!a #e( Re=!'e!ane #e( M""! <<<<<<<.<..<<.... 2/
2 1.1 P!%e$a& en e( Sen&"! #e Tem*e!a%!a #e( Re=!'e!ane Re=!'e!an e <<<<<<...<.. 24 1/.- Sen&"! #e Tem*e!a%!a #e( a'!e #e a#m'&'ón AT <<<<<..<<.<<..<.. 24 1/.1 P!%e$a& en e( Sen&"! #e Tem*e!a%!a #e( a'!e #e a#m'&'ón <<<..<<< 26 15.- Sen&"! #e (a *"&')'ón #e (a A(ea #e A)e(e!a)'ón A)e(e!a)'ón TPS<...<<<...<<<<.. TPS<...<<<...<<<<.. 26 15.1 P!%e$a& en e( &en&"! #e (a A(ea #e A)e(e!a)'ón TPS <<<<<<<< 27 14.- C'!)%'" #e a!!an%e en =!" <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<<..< 28 16.- >(+%(a SCAC <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<..<<..< 0 17.- Sen&"! #e RPM NE #e n%(" #e )'ea( G Sen&"! #e (a $a!!a #e (e+a&<.. 0 18.- Gene!a#"! n#%)'+" <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<....... 1 18.1 C"m" &e )"m*!%e$a e( Sen&"! n#%)'+" <<<<<<<<<<<<.<. 20.- Sen&"! #e E=e)" Ha(( <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<<.<... 21.- Sen&"! TPS '*" ('nea( <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<.<.. / 22.- Sen&"! #e Oen" <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<<...<. 5 22.1 T'*"& #e Sen&"! #e Oen" <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<......... <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<........... 4 2.- Re(a)'ón #e CO <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<<<<<..... 6 2/.- Sen&"! #e Ca&)a$e(e" <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<<<<< 7 25.- >(+%(a #e +e(")'#a# #e Re(an' SCAC <<<<<<<<<<<.<<.<. 8 24.- C"n!"( e(@)!')" #e (a +(+%(a SC &"$!e (a )"m*%a#"!a <<<<<<<.<.... /0 26.- Sen&"! #e (a >e(")'#a# #e( +e)%(" <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.. /1 27.- F%n)'"ne& #e (a )"m*%a#"!a " ECU " ECM <<<<<<<<<<<<.<.. /2 27.1 C"n&eI"& *a!a *!"ee! a (a )"m*%a#"!a <<<<<<<<.<<<.<<. /2 27.2 S'&ema #e a('mena)'ón #e )"!!'ene a (a )"m*%a#"!a <<..<.<...<.<.. <<..<.<...<.<.. / 28.- C"n&!%))'ón #e( S'&ema #e C"n!"( #e( M""! <<..<<<<<<<<.<..... // 0.- JP"!%K &e a*aa e( m""! <<.<<<<<<<<<<..<<<<.<<<.... // 1.- T'em*"& en ("& m""!e& <<<<<<<<<<<<<..<<..<<..<<<< /5 2.- Ca!!"& an'%"& )"n *(a'n"& 3 )"n#en&"& <<<<<<<<<<<..<<.<... /5 .- E&a#" #e (a& +(+%(a& ......................................................... ................................................................................ ................................... ............ /4 /.- Re)"men#a)'"ne& *a!a "#" )a!!" .......................................................... .......................................................................... ................ /4 5.- S)anne!& <<..<<<<<<<<<<<<<..<<<<<<<.<<<<< /6
INTRODUCCION En ("& +e)%("& m"#e!n"& (a P!e&'ón #e (a a&"('na &'em*!e #e$e #e manene!&e )"n&ane 3 e& (a )"m*%a#"!a (a %e #ee!m'na #e a)%e!#" a (a em*e!a%!a #e( m""! )%an" 'em*" #e$en #e manene!&e a$'e!"& ("& 'n3e)"!e& *a!a #eIa! *a&a! (a a&"('na a (a )ma!a )ma!a #e )"m$%&'? )"m$%&'?n. n. C%an#" C%an#" (a em*e!a%!a em*e!a%!a #e( m""! e& a(a &e a&a! a&a! men"! )an'# )an'#a# a# #e a&"(' a&"('na na *%e& *%e& (a )"m*% )"m*%a#" a#"!a !a man'e man'ene ne ("& 'n3e) 'n3e)"!e "!e&& men"& men"& 'em*" 'em*" a$'e!"& *e!" &' (a em*e!a%!a #e( m""! e& $aIa &e a&a! %na ma3"! )an'#a# #e )"m$%&'$ )"m$%&'$(e. (e. P"! e&a !aón !aón e& ne)e&a!' ne)e&a!'"" )a(ena! )a(ena! e( )a!!" )a!!" *"! (a& maana& maana& ane& #e &a('! 3a %e )"m" )"m" e( m""! e& =!" )"n&%m'! m%)&'ma m%)&'ma a&"('na a&' %e #e$em"& #e e&*e!a! %e e( m""! &e )a('ene a &% em*e!a%!a '#ea( #e !a$aI" %e "&)'(a en!e ("& 100 C 3 115 C *"! e&" e& ne)e&a!'" %e en e( &'&ema #e( !a#'a#"! e'&a %na me)(a *e!=e)a #e 50 #e a%a 3 50 #e !e=!'e!ane !e=!'e!ane *%e& &' &ó(" %$'e!a a%a e&a &e e+a*"!a!a =)'(mene. E( !e=!'e!ane %e &e )"(")a en e( !a#'a#"! )%m*(e a(%na& =%n)'"ne& en!e (a& )%a(e& enem"&: (a #e an')"ne(ane (a #e an'"'#ane (a #e (%$!')ane 3 e(e+a! e( *%n" #e e+a*"!a)'ón #e( a%a a 115 C. E& 'm*"!ane !e)a()a! %e ("& 'n3e)"!e& n" &e a$!en a me#'a& &'m*(emene " e&n "a(mene a$'e!"& " e&n "a(mene )e!!a#"& 3 e& e( 'em*" %e *e!mane)en a$'e!"&
2 1.1 P!%e$a& en e( Sen&"! #e Tem*e!a%!a #e( Re=!'e!ane Re=!'e!an e <<<<<<...<.. 24 1/.- Sen&"! #e Tem*e!a%!a #e( a'!e #e a#m'&'ón AT <<<<<..<<.<<..<.. 24 1/.1 P!%e$a& en e( Sen&"! #e Tem*e!a%!a #e( a'!e #e a#m'&'ón <<<..<<< 26 15.- Sen&"! #e (a *"&')'ón #e (a A(ea #e A)e(e!a)'ón A)e(e!a)'ón TPS<...<<<...<<<<.. TPS<...<<<...<<<<.. 26 15.1 P!%e$a& en e( &en&"! #e (a A(ea #e A)e(e!a)'ón TPS <<<<<<<< 27 14.- C'!)%'" #e a!!an%e en =!" <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<<..< 28 16.- >(+%(a SCAC <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<..<<..< 0 17.- Sen&"! #e RPM NE #e n%(" #e )'ea( G Sen&"! #e (a $a!!a #e (e+a&<.. 0 18.- Gene!a#"! n#%)'+" <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<....... 1 18.1 C"m" &e )"m*!%e$a e( Sen&"! n#%)'+" <<<<<<<<<<<<.<. 20.- Sen&"! #e E=e)" Ha(( <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<<.<... 21.- Sen&"! TPS '*" ('nea( <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<.<.. / 22.- Sen&"! #e Oen" <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<<...<. 5 22.1 T'*"& #e Sen&"! #e Oen" <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<......... <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<........... 4 2.- Re(a)'ón #e CO <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<<<<<..... 6 2/.- Sen&"! #e Ca&)a$e(e" <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.<<<<< 7 25.- >(+%(a #e +e(")'#a# #e Re(an' SCAC <<<<<<<<<<<.<<.<. 8 24.- C"n!"( e(@)!')" #e (a +(+%(a SC &"$!e (a )"m*%a#"!a <<<<<<<.<.... /0 26.- Sen&"! #e (a >e(")'#a# #e( +e)%(" <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<.. /1 27.- F%n)'"ne& #e (a )"m*%a#"!a " ECU " ECM <<<<<<<<<<<<.<.. /2 27.1 C"n&eI"& *a!a *!"ee! a (a )"m*%a#"!a <<<<<<<<.<<<.<<. /2 27.2 S'&ema #e a('mena)'ón #e )"!!'ene a (a )"m*%a#"!a <<..<.<...<.<.. <<..<.<...<.<.. / 28.- C"n&!%))'ón #e( S'&ema #e C"n!"( #e( M""! <<..<<<<<<<<.<..... // 0.- JP"!%K &e a*aa e( m""! <<.<<<<<<<<<<..<<<<.<<<.... // 1.- T'em*"& en ("& m""!e& <<<<<<<<<<<<<..<<..<<..<<<< /5 2.- Ca!!"& an'%"& )"n *(a'n"& 3 )"n#en&"& <<<<<<<<<<<..<<.<... /5 .- E&a#" #e (a& +(+%(a& ......................................................... ................................................................................ ................................... ............ /4 /.- Re)"men#a)'"ne& *a!a "#" )a!!" .......................................................... .......................................................................... ................ /4 5.- S)anne!& <<..<<<<<<<<<<<<<..<<<<<<<.<<<<< /6
INTRODUCCION En ("& +e)%("& m"#e!n"& (a P!e&'ón #e (a a&"('na &'em*!e #e$e #e manene!&e )"n&ane 3 e& (a )"m*%a#"!a (a %e #ee!m'na #e a)%e!#" a (a em*e!a%!a #e( m""! )%an" 'em*" #e$en #e manene!&e a$'e!"& ("& 'n3e)"!e& *a!a #eIa! *a&a! (a a&"('na a (a )ma!a )ma!a #e )"m$%&'? )"m$%&'?n. n. C%an#" C%an#" (a em*e!a%!a em*e!a%!a #e( m""! e& a(a &e a&a! a&a! men"! )an'# )an'#a# a# #e a&"(' a&"('na na *%e& *%e& (a )"m*% )"m*%a#" a#"!a !a man'e man'ene ne ("& 'n3e) 'n3e)"!e "!e&& men"& men"& 'em*" 'em*" a$'e!"& *e!" &' (a em*e!a%!a #e( m""! e& $aIa &e a&a! %na ma3"! )an'#a# #e )"m$%&'$ )"m$%&'$(e. (e. P"! e&a !aón !aón e& ne)e&a!' ne)e&a!'"" )a(ena! )a(ena! e( )a!!" )a!!" *"! (a& maana& maana& ane& #e &a('! 3a %e )"m" )"m" e( m""! e& =!" )"n&%m'! m%)&'ma m%)&'ma a&"('na a&' %e #e$em"& #e e&*e!a! %e e( m""! &e )a('ene a &% em*e!a%!a '#ea( #e !a$aI" %e "&)'(a en!e ("& 100 C 3 115 C *"! e&" e& ne)e&a!'" %e en e( &'&ema #e( !a#'a#"! e'&a %na me)(a *e!=e)a #e 50 #e a%a 3 50 #e !e=!'e!ane !e=!'e!ane *%e& &' &ó(" %$'e!a a%a e&a &e e+a*"!a!a =)'(mene. E( !e=!'e!ane %e &e )"(")a en e( !a#'a#"! )%m*(e a(%na& =%n)'"ne& en!e (a& )%a(e& enem"&: (a #e an')"ne(ane (a #e an'"'#ane (a #e (%$!')ane 3 e(e+a! e( *%n" #e e+a*"!a)'ón #e( a%a a 115 C. E& 'm*"!ane !e)a()a! %e ("& 'n3e)"!e& n" &e a$!en a me#'a& &'m*(emene " e&n "a(mene a$'e!"& " e&n "a(mene )e!!a#"& 3 e& e( 'em*" %e *e!mane)en a$'e!"&
*a!a #eIa! *a&a! e( )"m$%&'$(e e( %e )"n!"(a (a )"m*%a#"!a #e*en#'en#" #e (a &ea( " 'n="!ma)'ón %e !e)'$e #e ("& &en&"!e& #e em*e!a%!a #e( )a!!". La !e(a)'ón A'!e C"m$%&'$(e '#ea( e& #e 1/6 1 e& #e)'! %e 1/6 #e a'!e a'!e )"n!a 1 #e )"m$%&'$(e. L"& Sen&"!e& &"n #'&*"&''+"& %e en a(%n"& )a&"& !e%'e!en #e %na )an'#a# #e ene!,a *a!a !a$aIa! !a$aIa! 3 en "!"& )a&"& e(("& m'&m"& ene!an %n +"(aIe #e( '*" C"!!'ene A(e!na " C"!!'ene C"n'n%a &ea *"! #'=e!en)'a #e *"en)'a en!e mae!'a(e& " *"! )%a(%'e! "!" me#'". Pa!a me#'! (a em*e!a%!a 3 )an'#a# #e a'!e %e 'n!e&a a( m""! a3 a(%n"& #'&*"&''+"& " &en&"!e& en!e ("& )%a(e& enem"& : Sen&"! MAP Sen&"! MAF " De H'(" Ca('ene Sen&"! #e T"!$e(('n" a!ma P")" %&a#"
E( Sen&"! MAP e& %n a*a!a" %e !ae )"ne'"ne& " e!m'na(e&: 1 )"ne'ón #e 5 +"('"&. 1 )"ne'ón a (a ma&a. 1 )"ne'ón a*a!e %e em'e (a &ea( a (a )"m*%a#"!a.
E( Sen&"! #e Tem*e!a%!a !ae &ó(" 2 )"ne)"!e&: 1 )"ne'ón #e 5 +"('"&. 1 )"ne'ón %e em'e (a &ea( a (a )"m*%a#"!a.
E( Sen&"! #e Tem*e!a%!a !a$aIa )"n %na !e&'&en)'a NTC (a )%a( #'&m'n%3e &% +a("! )%an#" (a em*e!a%!a &e 'n)!emena. L"& )a!!"& m"#e!n"& a*!"+e)an a*!"+e)an e( )a("! #e( m""! *a!a *!e)a(ena! e( a'!e %e 'n!e&a! a (a )ma!a #e )"m$%&'ón 3a %e m'en!a& e( a'!e e&K m& )a('ene men"! )an'#a# #e )"m$%&'$(e )"m$%&'$( e ne)e&'a! %&a! e( m""!. L"& )a!!"& an'%"& =%n)'"na$an )"n em*e!a%!a& em*e!a%!a& en!e ("& 82 C 3 ("& 87 C *a!a e&"& )a!!"& an'%"& e( !a#'a#"! ena e( "$Ie'+" #e $aIa! (a em*e!a%!a #e( m""!. m""!. A"!a ("& )a!!"& m"#e!n"& !a$aIan !a$aIan meI"! en!e ("& 110 C 3 ("& 115 C 3 e( !a#'a#"! 'ene e( "$Ie'+" #e manene! (a em*e!a%!a a(a )"n&ane 3 n" $aIa!(a. S' e( m""! #e ("& )a!!"& m"#e!n"& !a$aIa a men"& #e 100 C e&e m""! n" e& ó*'m" 3a %e (a )"m*%a#"!a (e man#a! m& )"m$%&'$(e a ("& 'n3e)"!e& *en&an#" %e e( )a!!" e& =!,".
REFRIGERANTES Y ELECTRO VENTILADORES E( !e=!'e!ane %e &e %'('a en e( !a#'a#"! 'ene a(%na& )%a('#a#e&: E& (%$!')ane E& an')"ne(ane E& an'"'#ane
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E(e+a e( !a#" #e e$%((')'ón #e( a%a #e 100 C a 110 C " 115 C (" %e &'n'=')a %e e( a%a n" &e e+a*"!a! e+a*"!a! =)'(mene a 100 C &'n" %e &e%'! &'en#" a%a a&a ("& 115 C.
La C"m*%a#"!a %e 'ene e( )a!!" #e)'#e )%an#" #e$en #e en)en#e! ("& E(e)!" >en'(a#"!e& a ='n #e manene! (a em*e!a%!a #e( m""! en &% )"n#')'ón ó*'ma $aI" ("& 115 C 3 &"$!e ("& 100 C. C%an#" e( &en&"! #e em*e!a%!a &e #aa " #e&)"ne)a (a )"m*%a#"!a *!en#e e( e(e)!" +en'(a#"! *"!%e )!ee %e e( m""! e& en %n (%a! m%3 =!," a men"& 20 !a#"& )en!a#"& Q 20 C en e&e m'&m" m"men" &e *!en#e (a (% #e CHEC ENGNE )"m" &ea( #e eme!en)'a 3 (a )"m*%a#"!a em*'ea a man#a! m%)a a&"('na a !a+@& #e ("& 'n3e)"!e& *!"+")an#" %n %m" ne!" en e( %$" #e e&)a*e.
TEMPERATURA DE CONTROL DEL ELECTRO VENTILADOR: 75 a 78 C )"n!"(a (a 1e!a >e(")'#a# #e( E(e)!" +en'(a#"!. 10 a 105 C )"n!"(a (a 2#a >e(")'#a# 3 *!en#e e( E(e)!" +en'(a#"! 105 a 106 C E( m""! &e a*aa 3 em*'ea a em''! !%'#"& en e( a$(e!".
SISTEMA DE INYECCION I NYECCION A GASOLINA CON CONTROL ELECTRÒNICO En 1871 ((ea!"n ("& )a!!"& )"n &'&ema& #e 'n3e))'ón #e '*" me)n')" %e (%e" #e&a*a!e)'e!"n #e&a*a!e)'e!"n a"& #e&*%@& ((ea!"n ("& )a!!"& )"n 'n3e))'?n e(e)!" me)n')" %e am$'@n #e&a*a!e)'e!"n #e&a*a!e)'e!"n ='na(mene en 1874 ((ea!"n ("& )a!!"& )"n &'&ema #e 'n3e))'ón )"n CONTROL ELECTRONCO ("& )%a(e& &"n )"n!"(a#"& *"! %na )"m*%a#"!a %e a )"n'n%a#" e+"(%)'"nan#" e+"(%)'"nan#" a a( *%n" %e )"n!"(a e( &'&ema #e en)en#'#" 3 e( *a&" #e a&"('na a ("& 'n3e)"!e& en $a&e a( an('&'& #e #a"& "$en'#"& a !a+@& #e +a!'"& &en&"!e& %$')a#"& en e( m""!.
El Sistem !e i"#e$$i%" l& '&!em&s !i(i!i) e" * +l&,-es $l)me"te !ei"i!&s: /LOQUES CONSTITUTIV CONSTITUTIVOS: OS: 1. B("%e B("%e #e a('mena)' a('mena)'ón ón #e( )"m$%&'$ )"m$%&'$(e: (e: 2. Sen&"!e& . La Un'#a# Un'#a# #e C"n!"( C"n!"( E(e)!ó E(e)!ón')" n')" La La )"m*%a#" )"m*%a#"!a !a (a ECO ECO e( ECM. ECM. /. L"& L"& A) A)%a %a#" #"!e !e&. &. El /l&,-e !e lime"t$i0" !e $&m+-sti+le %e )"m*!en#e: E( an%e (a $"m$a e( ='(!" e( !'e( e( !e%(a#"! #e *!e&'?n 3 (a )ae!,a #e !e"!n". L&s Se"s&)es %e &"n "#"& ("& #'&*"&''+"& %e en+,an &ea( a (a )"m*%a#"!a )"m*%a#"!a #e( e&a#" #e( )a!!" 3 (a& )"n#')'"ne& am$'ena(e& am$'ena(e& en (a& %e &e #e&en+%e(+e. L C&m'-t!&) ECU man#a 5 +"('"& " 12 +"('"& a ("& &en&"!e& *a!a %e !a$aIen !a$aIen 3 #e+%e(+an 'n="!ma)'ón #e( )a!!" a#em& e&a (e "!#ena a ("& a)%a#"!e& a)%a#"!e& )"m" #e$en "*e!a!. "*e!a!. La Un'#a# #e C"n!"( E(e)!ón')" " )"m*%a#"!a !e)'$e "#a (a 'n="!ma)'ón #e ("& Sen&"!e& (a *!")e&a 3 "!#ena a$!'! m& " men"& ("& 'n3e)"!e&.
5
L&s A$t-!&)es &"n ("& e%'*"& %e !e)'$en (a "!#en #e (a )"m*%a#"!a *a!a a)e(e!a! #e&a)e(e!a! #e&a)e(e!a! e( )a!!" " manene!(" en !e(an,n. S"n ("& e(emen"& %e (a )"m*%a#"!a )"n!"(a *a!a &% a#e)%a#" =%n)'"nam'en" 3 &"n: n3e)"!e& S'&ema #e En)en#'#" 3 L% #e CHEC ENGNE >e(")'#a# #e Re(an,n B"m$a #e a&"('na
RELE E& %n 'ne!!%*"! e(e)!"man@')". C"n %n $aI" am*e!aIe #e 0.7 Am*e!'"& &e *%e#e a)e! )"ne)a! %na %na (ne (neaa #e a(" a(" am*e am*e!a !aIe Ie 10 10 Am*e Am*e!' !'"& "&. . A( a)' a)'+a +a!( !("" &e a)e a)e *a&a *a&a!! %na %na )"!! )"!!'e 'en nee *"! *"! %na %na $"$'na %e *!"+")a %n )am*" man@')" %e )'e! )'e!!a !a "!" "!" )'!) )'!)%' %'" " *"! *"! #"n# #"n#ee *a&a *a&a %n a(" a(" am*e!aIe
REGULADOR DE PRESION 1.- En!a#a #e )"m$%&'$(e #e&#e e( !'e( 2.- Re"!n" #e )"m$%&'$(e a)'a e( an%e .- >(+%(a /.- P"!a Q +(+%(a 5.- Mem$!ana 4.- Re&"!e #e *!e&'ón 6.- C"ne'ón a( m('*(e #e a#m'&'ón a !a+@& #e (a man%e!a #e +a)".
FUNCION: T'ene )"m" ='na('#a# !e%(a! 3 manene! e&a$(e (a *!e&'ón #e( &'&ema en $a&e a (a& #'=e!ene& e'en)'a& #e( m""!. COMO FUNCIONA EL REGULADOR DE PRESIÒN: E&e a))e&"!'" *e!m'e e( 'n!e&" #e )"m$%&'$(e a (a )ma!a &%*e!'"! #e( !e%(a#"! #e *!e&'ón a !a+@& #e( %$" 1 en e( 'ne!'"! #e( !e%(a#"! #e *!e&'ón e'&e %na mem$!ana (a )%a( man'en man'enee e( )"m$% )"m$%&' &'$(e $(e en (a )ma!a )ma!a &%*e!'"! &%*e!'"!.. C%an#" C%an#" (a *!e&'ó *!e&'ónn #e( )"m$%&'$(e &"$!e (a mem$!ana &%*e!a (a =%e!a #e( !e&"!e 4 e( !e&"!e &e )"m*!'me 3 a$!e %na &a('#a #e e&)a*e *"! e( %$" 2 ('$e!an#" (a *!e&'ón #e )"m$%&'$(e a&a %e e&a ((ea a %na *!e&'ón men"! en #"n#e e( !e&"!e +%e(+e a )e!!a! e( *a&" )"n (a mem$!ana *a!a a*a! e( %$" #e &a('#a 2. PRUE/AS EN EL REGULADOR DE PRESIÒN:
4 A( )"ne)a! (a man%e!a #e +a)" 6 #e( Re%(a#"! #e *!e&'ón a( m('*(e #e a#m'&'ón #e$em"& #e ene! %na *!e&'ón %e +a #e 7 a /2 P&'. S' (%e" #e&)"ne)am"& (a man%e!a #e +a)" 6 #e( Re%(a#"! #e *!e&'ón a( m('*(e #e a#m'&'ón (a *!e&'ón #e$e #e &%$'! %n"& 5 a 10 P&' 3 e&" e& n"!ma(. S' (a *!e&'ón +a!a ma& &'n'=')a %e e& #aa#a 3 a3 %e )am$'a! 3 )"(")a! %n !e%(a#"! n%e+". C%an#" (a >(+%(a #e C"n!"( #e Re"!n" #e (a $"m$a e& #aa#a e( )a!!" n" *!en#e =)'(mene " )%e&a !a$aI" en)en#e!(".
EL SISTEMA DE ALIMENTACIÒN DE COM/USTI/LE PARTES: 1.- Tan%e #e )"m$%&'$(e. 2.- E(e)!" $"m$a. .- F'(!". /.- R'e( " T%$" #'&!'$%'#"!. 5.- Re%(a#"! #e *!e&'ón. 4.- n3e)"!e&. 6.- Cae!a #e !e"!n".
FUNCION: E( &'&ema 'ene )"m" ='na('#a# manene! %na *!e&'ón #ee!m'na#a )"n&ane en &% 'ne!'"!. E( &'&ema #e a('mena)'ón )"m*!en#e e( an%e (a e(e)!" $"m$a e( ='(!" e( !'e( e( !e%(a#"! #e *!e&'ón 3 (a )ae!a #e !e"!n" a( an%e. El t",-e: E& #"n#e &e a(ma)ena e( )"m$%&'$(e )'e!"& )a!!"& !aen (a $"m$a %$')a#a #en!" #e( an%e #e )"m$%&'$(e. L +&m+: P"! (" ene!a( e& a=%e!a #e( an%e a%n%e )'e!"& )a!!"& m"#e!n"& (a !aen 3a #en!" #e( m'&m" an%e #e )"m$%&'$(e. La $"m$a 'ene (a =%n)'ón #e en+'a! a&"('na a( &'&ema )"n %n )a%#a( 3 %na *!e&'ón #e( #"$(e #e (a !e%e!'#a *"! e( &'&ema m'en!a& %e e& e( !e%(a#"! #e *!e&'ón e( %e man'ene e&a *!e&'ón )"n&ane #en!" #e )'e!"& !an"& #e a)%e!#" a( m"#e(" #e( )a!!" !a$aIa a 12 +"('"& 3 *"&ee %n *!e='(!" en ="!ma #e ma((a %e *"! (" ene!a( #e$e &e! ('m*'a#" " )am$'a#" )a#a 20.000 m& *e!" (a& )"n)e&'"na!'a& n" (" a)en *"! (" #'=)'( #e &a)a!. En )'e!"& )a!!"& (a *!e&'ón #e$e #e e&a! en!e ("& 7 3 /2 P&' &' (a *!e&'ón #e (a a&"('na &%$e a %n +a("! ma3"! #e /5 P&' e( )a!!" 'n3e)a! m& a&"('na a (a )ma!a #e )"m$%&'ón (a )%a( n" &e! "a(mene %ema#a 3 em''! %n %m" ne!" *"! e( %$" #e e&)a*e 3 &' (a *!e&'ón #e (a a&"('na $aIa a 4 P&' e( )a!!" *e!#e! *"en)'a *"!%e &e 'n3e)a! men"& )"m$%&'$(e a (a )ma!a #e )"m$%&'ón a#em& (a *%(+e!'a)'ón #e( m'&m" n" &e! an *e!=e)a (" %e a! *e!#e! *"en)'a a( )a!!". P"! e((" e& 'm*"!ane )e%ea! (a P!e&'ón #e( C"m$%&'$(e )"n %n manóme!" #e *!e&'ón. En!e e( F'(!" 3 e(
6 R'e( ("& )a!!"& m"#e!n"& !aen %na )"ne'ón *a!a )"(")a! e( manóme!" 3 me#'! (a *!e&'ón #e (a $"m$a. Pa!a me#'! (a P!e&'ón (a $"m$a 'ene %e e&a! =%n)'"nan#" 3 e&a! )"ne)a#" e( manóme!".
El ilt)&: T'ene (a =%n)'ón #e !eene! (a &%)'e#a# *a!a %e n" ((e%e a ("& 'n3e)"!e& 3 ("& manenan ('$!e& )%an#" e& &%)'" e( )a!!" *'e!#e *"en)'a *"! =a(a #e )"m$%&'$(e. El )iel: E& %n #'&*"&''+" %e 'ene +a!'a& &a('#a& %e +an a ("& 'n3e)"!e&. El )eg-l!&) !e ')esi0": T'ene (a =%n)'ón #e manene! )"n&ane (a *!e&'ón #e( &'&ema )%an#" (a *!e&'ón #e( )"m$%&'$(e &%$e #ema&'a#" *"! e=e)" #e (a $"m$a e( !e%(a#"! #e *!e&'ón &e a$!e 3 ('$e!a e&a *!e&'ón (%e" &e )'e!!a a%"m')amene )%an#" (a *!e&'ón &e n"!ma('a. S' e( !e%(a#"! #e *!e&'ón e& #aa#" 3 n" &e a$!e ")a&'"na %e (a *!e&'ón &%$a #ema&'a#" a)'en#" %e e( )a!!" %mee &' *"! e( )"n!a!'" e&e n" &e )'e!!a )ae "a(mene (a *!e&'ón 3 e( )a!!" *'e!#e *"en)'a. L $1e)2 !e )et&)"&: Sa(e #e( !e%(a#"! #e *!e&'ón. A(%na& +e)e& e&a )ae!a &e *%e#e a*a! *"! e=e)" #e a(n $')" a( #a!(e manen'm'en". Pa!a +e! &' e& ('m*'a &e (a #e&)"ne)a a (a en!a#a #e( an%e 3 &e en)'en#e e( m""! *a!a +e! &' &a(e a&"('na. NOTA: L"& )a!!"& ANTGUOS %e 'enen )aIa #e #'&!'$%)'ón em'en (a )'&*a a (a& $%Ia& a !a+@& #e ("& )a$(e& 3 )%an#" &e +a a (a S'e!!a &e a#e(ane e( en)en#'#". En ("& )a!!"& MODERNOS 3a n" e'&e (a )aIa #e #'&!'$%)'ón 3 &' a*a!ena ene! %na )aIa #e #'&!'$%)'ón !ea(mene e& %na )aIa en #"n#e e&n e( &en&"! #e Tem*e!a%!a #e( m""! 3 e( &en&"! #e em*e!a%!a #e( a'!e &' e&"& &e &a)an *"! e!!"! (a )"m*%a#"!a n" *"#! #e)'#'! )%an" )"m$%&'$(e #e$e *e!m''! *a&a! *"! ("& 'n3e)"!e& n' *"#! en+'a! (a "!#en #e (a )'&*a *a!a %e *!en#a e( )a!!". NOTA: En ("& )a!!"& MODERNOS n%n)a &e #e$e ")a! e( "!n'((" #e *a&" #e( )"m$%&'$(e *%e& (" n')" %e &e )"n&'%e e& #e&)a('$!a! (a )"m*%a#"!a 3 a$! %e +"(+e! a )a('$!a!(" a !a+@& #e "ma! (a me#'#a #e (a *!e&'ón #e (a a&"('na 3 manene!(a #en!" #e ("& !an"& %e e( man%a( #')e. Ha3 #"& &en&"!e& en (a )aIa #e( #'&!'$%'#"! #e ("& )a!!"& M"#e!n"&: 1 *a!a (a C'&*a e(@)!')a 1 %e em'e ("& *%(&"& #e )"m$%&'$(e a ("& 'n3e)"!e&
N&t: Ane& ("& m""!e& ((ea$an a (a& 5.000 !e+"(%)'"ne& a"!a e&n #'&ea#"& *a!a ((ea! a&a ("& 7.000 3 10.000 !e+"(%)'"ne&.
PRUE/AS EN EL SISTEMA DE ALIMENTACION DE COM/USTI/LE L"& )a!!"& a *a!'! #e 1887 !aen 3a %n #'&*"&''+" %e *e!m'e )"ne)a! e( manóme!" 3 me#'! (a *!e&'ón #e (a a&"('na en!e e( ='(!" 3 e( !'e( &e en)'en#e e( )a!!" 3 &e "$'ene (a *!e&'ón. La& *!e&'"ne& n"!ma(e& +a!an #e 7 a /2 P&'. La $"m$a man#a n"!ma(mene
7 e( #"$(e #e *!e&'ón 3 )a%#a( 3 e( !e%(a#"! #e *!e&'ón )"n!"(a %e (a *!e&'ón &e manena )"n&ane. D"& &"n (a& *!%e$a& %e #e$em"& a)e!: 1.- Me#'! P!e&'ón: 1.a. C"n man%e!a #e +a)" )"ne)a#a. 1.$. C"n man%e!a #e +a)" #e&)"ne)a#a. 2.- P!"$a! e&an%e'#a#.
FALLAS: 3.4 Si l P)esi0" !e l gs&li" se ele( s&+)e l& "&)ml : La )a%&a *%e#e &e! #e$'#" a %e e( !e%(a#"! #e *!e&'ón e&@ #aa#" 3 n" &e e&@ a$!'en#" " %e (a )ae!a #e !e"!n" e&e "$&!%'#a *"! a(%na &%)'e#a#. C%an#" e( )a!!" n" #e&a!!"((a e& *"!%e e( ='(!" e& &%)'" 3 #e$e #e &e! )am$'a#".
5.4 Si l P)esi0" !e l gs&li" +6 !e l& "&)ml : E&" &e #e$e a %e (a $"m$a e& "$&!%'#a " e( Re%(a#"! #e P!e&'ón e& #aa#" 3 *e!mane)e &ó(" a$'e!". Una ="!ma #e +e!'=')a! &' e( !e%(a#"! #e *!e&'ón e& #aa#" e& )"n#enan#" (a )ae!a #e !e"!n" )"n %na *'na& e&*e)'a(e& a *!e&'ón 3 &' (a *!e&'ón #e( )"m$%&'$(e &%$e e& *"!%e e( !e%(a#"! e& #aa#" 3 a3 %e )am$'a!(". La B"m$a #e a&"('na =%n)'"na n"!ma(mene a 12 +"('"& en 5.000 a 6.000 !e+"(%)'"ne& &' (e ((ea 10 +"('"& e&" ")a&'"na!a %e e( )a%#a( $aIe. De$em"& #e )e%ea! )"n %n +"(me!" ("& e!m'na(e& #e (a $"m$a 3 &' 'ene men"& #e 12 +"('"& en"n)e& %'e!e #e)'! %e a3 a(" ma(" en (a $"m$a. Tam$'@n e& $%en" )e%ea! e( +"(aIe #e (a $ae!a *%e& e&" am$'@n a=e)a a( +e)%(" e&e #e$e #e &e! #e 12 +"('"& 3 e&a! en ó*'ma& )"n#')'"ne&. L"& m""!e& !e%'e!en %&a! a&"('na SUPER #e 87 ")an"& *e!" n%e&!a a&"('na &ó(" ((ea a ("& 78 ")an"& *"! e((" &e &%e(e %&a! a#''+"& *a!a a%mena!(e e( ")anaIe.
COMPRAR: >"(me!" " m%(,me!" 3 P(a3" )"n#ena#"! NOTA: En (a )aIa #e =%&'$(e& en ("& )a!!"& m"#e!n"& a3 %n !e(a3 %e &e ((ama FULL BOMB 3 e& a% #"n#e *"#em"& me#'! e( +"(aIe *a!a &a$e! &' (a $"m$a e&a !a$aIan#" a ("& 12 +"('"& &' (a me#'#a e& men"! e&" ")a&'"na!a %e $aIe (a *!e&'ón 3 %e e( )a!!" n" #e&a!!"((e =)'(mene *"! =a(a #e )"m$%&'$(e.
8
/OM/A DE GASOLINA
De a)%e!#" )"n e( !=')" +em"& %e e( )"m$%&'$(e *a&a a !a+@& #e( *!e='(!" (%e" 'n!e&a a (a $"m$a me)n')a *a&an#" a(!e#e#"! #e (a $"$'na #e ("& )a!$"ne& #e (a $"m$a 3 (%e" &a(e *"! e( "!" (a#" #e (a $"m$a en #"n#e a3 %na +(+%(a an'!e"!n" e&a +(+%(a e+'a %e (a a&"('na &e !e!e&e )%an#" e( )a!!" &e a*aa 3 man'ene )"n&ane (a *!e&'ón en e( &'&ema *a!a %e e( *!ó'm" en)en#'#" &ea !*'#". De$em"& #e )"m*!en#e! %e a *e&a! %e (a a&"('na e& en )"na)" )"n ("& )a!$"ne& %e *!"#%)en )'&*a& e&a n" &e en)'en#e *"! =a(a #e "en" *"! (" )%a( e& m%3 #e(')a#" e&e &'&ema &' &e *e!="!a (a $"m$a *%e& *%e#e a$e! %na e*("&'ón e 'n)en#'a!&e e( )a!!". La& $"m$a& #e )"m$%&'$(e 'enen %n *!e='(!" %e #e$e #e &e! )am$'a#" )a#a 20.000 m& 3 &'!+e *a!a !eene! e( *a&" #e *a!)%(a& !%e&a&. E( m""! e(@)!')" a)e '!a! a (a $"m$a me)n')a en!e 5.000 a 6.000 !*m )"n 12 >"('"& 3 #e a / am*e!'"&.
NOTA: A(%n"& )a!!"& !aen %n $"ón %e a%"m')amene a*aa (a $"m$a *a!a %e en )a&" #e a))'#ene n" &'a !a$aIan#" 3 #e!!ame )"m$%&'$(e 'nne)e&a!'amene %e
10 *%#'e!a ")a&'"na! %n 'n)en#'". M%)a& +e)e& a ")%!!'#" %e a( &a(a! %n *"(')a a)"&a#" e( )a!!" &e a*aa 3 n" %'e!e *!en#e! e&" &e #e$e a e&e $"ón #e (a $"m$a %e a3 %e +"(+e! a a)'+a!(" *a!a %e e( )a!!" =%n)'"ne n"!ma(mene. E&e $"ón &a$e e&a! a!& a %n )"&a#" #e (a $"m$a " a#e(ane a( )"&a#" #e (a *'e!na #e( *a&aIe!". E( &'&ema #e $("%e" a (a $"m$a n" e& ma& %e %n &"(en"'#e en (a )ae!a " %n !e(ee %e $aIa e( +"(aIe #e (a $"m$a.
NOTA: Pa!a &a$e! &' (a $"m$a e&a 3a *"! )am$'a!&e #e$em"& #e me#'! e( am*e!aIe #e (a m'&ma e( )%a( #e$e #e &e! #e a 5 am*e!'"& &' e&e +a("! &%$e %'e!e #e)'! %e 3a e& =a((an#" *%e& "=!e)e ma3"! !e&'&en)'a 3 #e$em"& #e )am$'a!(a. Pa!a &a$e! e( e&a#" #e (a $"m$a )e%e" e( am*e!aIe. N%n)a &e #e$e #e !e*a!a! (a $"m$a #e )"m$%&'$(e 3a %e e&a !a$aIa #en!" #e( an%e #e )"m$%&'$(e 3 *%e#e 'n)en#'a!&e. a a a$'#" )a&"& #e )a!!"& %e &e an 'n)en#'a#" 3 #e *e!&"na& %e &e an %ema#". De$em"& #e !e)"!#a! %e e( )"m$%&'$(e *a&a a !a+@& #e (a $"m$a (%$!')n#"(a 3 en=!'n#"(a 3 %e m'en!a& n" a3a "'en" n" &e *!"#%)e (a ((ama. A(%na& *e!&"na& *a!a !e*a!a! (a $"m$a (a #e&%e(#an *e!" e&" e& m%3 *e('!"&".
TIPOS DE /OM/AS 1.- B"m$a& #e ALTA PRESON )%3" +a("! +a #e 80 a 120 P&'. Se %'('a en ("& &'&ema& #e m%('*%n" #e a(a *!e&'ón. La *!e&'ón #e A('mena)'ón e& #e 5 a /5 P&'. 2.- B"m$a& #e BA9A PRESON )%3" +a("! +a #e 50 a 40 P&'. Se %'('a en ("& &'&ema& #e 'n3e))'ón )en!a('a#a #e $aIa *!e&'ón TB. La *!e&'ón #e( S'&ema e& #e 12 a 14 P&'. P"! &e%!'#a# (a B"m$a #e C"m$%&'$(e e(@)!')a #e$e #e =%n)'"na! &ó(" )%an#" e( m""! =%n)'"na. C%an#" meem"& (a ((a+e 3 #am"& en)en#'#" (a $"m$a #e )"m$%&'$(e =%n)'"na *!'me!" *"! &e%n#"& *%e& (a )"m*%a#"!a %a!#a %na )an'#a# #e ene!a *a!a a( e=e)" (%e" )%an#" &e *!en#e e( )a!!" &'%e =%n)'"nan#".
NOTA: S'em*!e #e$em"& %&a! %n +"(me!". N& &e #e$e #e %&a! e( &'&ema DE FOCO *a!a !e+'&a! &' *a&a )"!!'ene *%e& *%e#e #aa! 3 %ema! (a )"m*%a#"!a. L" )"!!e)" e& %&a! %n +"(me!" e( )%a( &e )"ne)a a (a en!a#a #e (a )"m*%a#"!a 3 e( "!" e!em" a (a $ae!a - e&e #e$e #e ma!)a! 12 +"('"&. NOTA: O!a mane!a #e +e!'=')a! &' e( en)en#'#" e&a =%n)'"nan#" $'en 3 &e e& en+'an#" (a 'n="!ma)'ón )"!!e)a a (a $"m$a e& #e&)"ne)an#" (a $"m$a 3 )"(")an#" %n =")" e&*e)'a( en &% (%a! )%an#" )e!!am"& e( &') #e en)en#'#" &'n #a! a!!an%e e( =")" #e$e #e *!en#e!&e *"! &"(" &e%n#"& 3 (%e" a*aa!&e. E( 75 e& e( %e )"n!"(a (a )"m*%a#"!a
E( +"(me!" &e %&a *a!a +e!'=')a! &' ((ean ("& 12 +"('"& a (a $"m$a.
11
A( )e!!a! e( &') en e( m"men" #e( en)en#'#" #e( )a!!" *a&an &e%n#"& a&a %e e&e &e *!en#e "a(mene.
CONTROL DE FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LA /OM/A DE COM/USTI/LE POR EL CAUDALIMETRO
12
E( CONECTOR DE COMPRO/ACION &e %'('a )%an#" &e #e&ea +e!'=')a! &' (a $"m$a #e )"m$%&'$(e e& =%n)'"nan#" $'en 3 (" n')" %e &e a)e e& )"ne)a! )"n %n a(am$!e e( B 3 e( FP &e #a en)en#'#" 3 &e #e$e *!en#e! (a $"m$a. E( C"ne)"! #e )"m*!"$a)'ón e& *a!a *%enea! 3 &a(a! e( Re(ee #e (a B"m$a. En e&e #'a!ama &e m%e&!a e( &'&ema e(@)!')" #e&#e (a $ae!a a&a (a $"m$a #e )"m$%&'$(e. C%an#" &e #a a!!an%e a( )a!!" *a&a %na )"!!'ene #e&#e (a $ae!a *"! e( (a#" G a)'a e( !e(ee L1 3 &e )'e!!a e( )"na)" A7 en e&e m"men" (a $"m$a #e )"m$%&'$(e *"! e=e)" #e (a )"m*%a#"!a &e *!en#e *"! &"(" &e%n#"&. L%e" a( en)en#e! #e='n''+amene e( )a!!" *a&a (a )"!!'ene *"! ST a)'a e( !e(ee L %e )'e!!a e( )'!)%'" A3 3 #eIa *a&a! (a )"!!'ene a)'a (a $"m$a #e )"m$%&'$(e. C%an#" e( )a!!" 3a e& en ma!)a &e a)'+a e( SENSOR DE RPM %e *!"#%)e %n =(%I" #e a'!e *"! e( CAUDALMETRO %e )'e!!a e( )'!)%'" en A5 3 a)'+a (a $"$'na L2 %e man'ene )e!!a#" e( )'!)%'" A3 *a!a %e (a $"m$a #e )"m$%&'$(e &'a !a$aIan#" m'en!a& e( SENSOR DE RPM &'a =%n)'"nan#" $'en 3 *a&e a'!e *"! e( )a%#a(,me!" (a $"m$a n" &e a*aa. A)%a(mene #"n#e e& e( )a%#a(,me!" e& (a )"m*%a#"!a 3 e& e&a (a %e )"n!"(a e( en)en#'#" 3 e( *a&" #e a&"('na *"! ("& 'n3e)"!e&. S' e( )"na)" #e( )a%#a(,me!" A5 e& #e=e)%"&" 3 n" &e )'e!!a )"n e( *a&" #e( a'!e (%e" #e #a! a!!an%e e( m""! &e a*aa &"(".
1
CONTROL DE FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LA /OM/A DE COM/USTI/LE POR LA COMPUTADORA ECU
La )"m*%a#"!a ECU en (a a)%a('#a# )"n!"(a 3 !eem*(aa (a& =%n)'"ne& %e a)'a e( )a%#a(,me!" en )a!!"& an'%"&. C%an#" #a a!!an%e en e( NTERRUPTOR *"! G *a&a )"!!'ene a)'a (a $"$'na L1 %e )'e!!a A5 (%e" *a&a (a )"!!'ene *"! ST #e&#e (a $ae!a a)'a (a $"$'na L %e e& %n !e(ee e&e )'e!!a e( )'!)%'" A3 3 +a (a )"!!'ene a)'a (a $"m$a #e )"m$%&'$(e 3 (a *!en#e. L%e" #e (" )%a( &e a)'+a e( SENSOR DE RPM %e (e #a %na &ea( a( )"m*%a#"! *a!a %e )'e!!e e( )'!)%'" T! 3 *a&e )"!!'ene *"! (a $"$'na L2 %e man'ene )e!!a#" e( )'!)%'" A3 *a!a %e (a $"m$a &'a =%n)'"nan#". E( CONECTOR DE COMPROBACON &'!+e *a!a +e!'=')a! %e (a $"m$a &' *!en#e 3 =%n)'"na #e (a &'%'ene ="!ma: Sa)" e( )"ne)"! 3 )"ne)" ("& )a$(e& %&an#" "!" )a$(e. E&" a)e %e &e *%enee e( !e(ee #e (a $"m$a 3 +a3a (a ene!a #'!e)" a)'a (a $"m$a.
INYECTORES
1/
PARTES: 1.- FLTRO 2.- BOBNA MAGNETCAS .- NDUCDO MAGNETCO /.- AGU9A DEL NECTOR 5.- CONECTOR 4.- RESORTES
FUNCION: E( 'n3e)"! e& %na +(+%(a e(e)!"man@')a %e *%(+e!'a e( )"m$%&'$(e. Se ((ama a& *"!%e &% =%n)'"nam'en" &e $a&a en e( *!'n)'*'" e(e)!"man@')". TIPOS: 1.- TENSON:
V 5 >OLTOS V 12 >OLTOS
2.- RESSTENCA: V BA9A RESSTENCA 15 A 25 OHMOS V ALTA RESSTENCA 1/ A 14 OHMOS
PRUE/AS EN EL INYECTOR 1.- Me#'! !e&'&en)'a 2.- C"m*!"$a! )a%#a( "(e!an)'a m'ma 2 .- C"m*!"$a! e&an%e'#a# /.- >e!'=')a! ="!ma #e *%(+e!'a)'ón. NOTA: Se !e)"m'en#a ('m*'ea #e ("& 'n3e)"!e& )"n a#''+"& &'n &a)a!("& )a#a 10.000 m. 3 %na ('m*'ea ene!a( &a)n#"("& )a#a 50.000 m&. La =%n)'ón #e ("& 'n3e)"!e& e& *%(+e!'a! e( )"m$%&'$(e &' (a *!e&'ón e& a(a &e 'n3e)a e( )"m$%&'$(e en ="!ma #e )"n" *e!" &' (a *!e&'ón e& $aIa &e 'n3e)a e( )"m$%&'$(e en ="!ma #e )"!!" !e)".
NOTA: En ("& m""!e& a #'e&&e( (a *!e&'ón e& m%3 a(a )"m" #e 25.000 P&' m'en!a& %e *a!a ("& m""!e& a a&"('na (a *!e&'ón +a en!e /2 a 50 P&' na#a m&. P"! e&a !aón ("& a))e&"!'"& &"n m& )a!"& en ("& m""!e& a #'e&&e( %e en ("& m""!e& a a&"('na. NOTA: E( e!m"&a" a3%#a a %e e( )a!!" ((e%e a &% em*e!a%!a )"!!e)a n%n)a #e$e #e &e! e('m'na#". En ("& )a!!"& m"#e!n"& &ó(" $a&a )"n 1 m'n%" " m'm" 15 m'n%"& *a!a %e a#%'e!an &% em*e!a%!a )"!!e)a #e !a$aI". La )"m*%a#"!a )"n!"(a &"(" e( 'em*" #e a*e!%!a #e ("& 'n3e)"!e&. C%an#" %n" a*(')a )"!!'ene a ("& 'n3e)"!e& e&"& &e a$!en. La a%Ia n%n)a &e a$!e a me#'a& &'n" %e "a(mene a$'e!a " "a(mene )e!!a#a. N" e& $%en" &a)a! ("& 'n3e)"!e& 3
15 a*(')a!(e& (a )"!!'ene %n" m'&m" *%e& e&" *%e#e a)e! %e &e *e%e (a a%Ia 3 &e %e#e "a(mene a$'e!a " )e!!a#a a e&" &e (e &%e(e #e)'! %e &e %ema!"n ("& 'n3e)"!e& 3 a3 %e +"(+e!("& a )"m*!a!.
NOTA: L"& 'n3e)"!e& #e$en &e! ('m*'a#"& en (a$"!a"!'"& n%n)a a man". Se &%e(e )"$!a! en!e 5 a 6 #ó(a!e& *"! 'n3e)"! ('m*'a#". Ca#a 'n3e)"! )%e&a en!e 100 a 150 #ó(a!e&. C%an#" a)en ('m*'ea a ("& 'n3e)"!e& am$'@n (e )am$'an e( ='(!" #e ("& m'&m"&. En ("& 'n3e)"!e& &e m'#e (a !e&'&en)'a *a!a &a$e! e( e&a#" #e ("& m'&m"&. T"#"& ("& 'n3e)"!e& #e$en &e! #e $aIa " "#"& #e$en &e! #e a(a *e!" n%n)a me)(a#"& *%e& =%n)'"na!a ma( e( )a!!". La #'=e!en)'a en!e (a& !e&'&en)'a& n" *%e#e &e! ma3"! a 02 "m'"& &' %n" #e ("& 'n3e)"!e& 'ene ma3"! #'=e!en)'a a3 %e )am$'a!(" *e!" *"! (" ene!a( &e )am$'an "#"& a (a +e. EIem*(": / 'n3e)"!e& )"n e&"& "m'aIe&: 1/ 1/ 1 1/ E( 'n3e)"! #e 1 "m'"& 'ene %na #'=e!en)'a #e 1 "m'" )"n ("& #em& 3 #e$e &e! )am$'a#" *%e& m,n'm" #e$'? ene! 17 "m'"&. E'&e %n e%'*" ana('a#"! #e 'n3e)"!e& %e &e %&a &'n ne)e&'#a# #e #e&m"na! ("& 'n3e)"!e&. L" '#ea( e& )am$'a! "#"& ("& 'n3e)"!e& a (a +e a *e&a! #e %e &?(" 1 e&K #aa#".
NOTA: E'&e %n ma(en )"n (m*a!a& e&*e)'a(e& *a!a 7 '*"& #'=e!ene& #e )"ne)"!e&. E&a& (m*a!a& &'!+en *a!a +e! &' (e e& ((ean#" ene!a a ("& 'n3e)"!e&. E( *!")e#'m'en" e& #e&)"ne)a! e( 'n3e)"! 3 en (a )"ne'ón #"n#e +a e( 'n3e)"! &e )"(")a (a (m*a!a a( en)en#e! e( )a!!" (a (m*a!a &e en)'en#e 3 'n'nea 3 &' a)e(e!am"& e( 'n'ne" e& m& !*'#" e&"& 'n'ne"& &"n ("& *%(&"& en+'a#"& *"! (a )"m*%a#"!a. E&" e& m%3 '( 3 &e %&a en )a#a 'n3e)"! *"! &e*a!a#". E( SENSOR DE RPM (e *e!m'e a (a $"m$a =%n)'"na! &' e&e e& #aa#" (a ECU " )"m*%a#"!a n" man#a! ("& *%(&"&. 1.- >e! &' ((ean ("& 12 +"('"& 2.- >e! &' (a )"m*%a#"!a man#a e( nea'+".
RA8ONES PARA QUE EL INYECTOR SE QUEDE A/IERTO Den!" #e( )"m*%a#"! &e #aa e( !an&'&"! %e )"n!"(a ("& *%(&"& #e( 'n3e)"!. Ha3 %na (nea *e(a#a #e ("& )a$(e& %e +an a( 'n3e)"! 3 %e e& a)'en#" 'e!!a.
En (a& maana& e( 'em*" %e (a a%Ia #e( 'n3e)"! *e!mane)e a$'e!a e& ma3"! a&a %e &e )a('ena e( )a!!".
METODO DE ACTIVACION DE LOS INYECTORES
14
La )"m*%a#"!a )'e!!a e( 'ne!!%*"! T! )%an#" !e)'$e (a &ea( #e( SENSOR RPM.
3.4 METODO DE CONTROL DE VOLTA9E PARA INYECTORES DE ALTA RESISTENCIA
E( +"(aIe e& a*(')a#" #'!e)amene a ("& 'n3e)"!e& a !a+@& #e( 'ne!!%*"!. C%an#" e( !an&'&"! TR %e &e en)%en!a en (a ECU " )"m*%a#"!a &e a)'+a (a )"!!'ene )'!)%(a a !a+@& #e ("& 'n3e)"!e& 3 e( )"m$%&'$(e e& 'n3e)a#". C"m" +em"& "#"& ("& 'n3e)"!e& e&n )"ne)a#"& a (a $ae!a en *a!a(e(" *"! (" an" en#!n e( m'&m" +"(aIe #e en!a#a. M'en!a& %e (a )"m*%a#"!a en+a &ea(e& #e a*e!%!a 3 )'e!!e #e 'n3e)"!e& #e #"& en #"& e& #e)'! a3 &ó(" 2 !an&'&"!e& en (a )"m*%a#"!a " ECU e& #e)'! &' UN !an&'&"! &e %ema DOS 'n3e)"!e& #eIan #e =%n)'"na!.
5.4 METODO DE CONTROL DE VOLTA9E PARA INYECTORES DE /A9A RESISTENCIA.
E( )'!)%'" e& '#@n')" a( &'&ema ane!'"!. De$'#" a %e %'('a 'n3e)"!e& #e $aIa !e&'&en)'a en!e e( 'ne!!%*"! 3 ("& 'n3e)"!e& &e en)%en!an %na& !e&'&en)'a&.
NOTA: N%n)a *"#em"& %&a! %n 'n3e)"! #e $aIa !e&'&en)'a en e%'*"& %e %&an 'n3e)"!e& #e a(a 3 +')e+e!&a.
16
C%an#" &e #aa %n !an&'&"! en (a )"m*%a#"!a #e( )a!!" e&"& n" &e ("& *%e#en !e*a!a! 3 n"& +em"& "$('a#"& a )"m*!a! %n n%e+" )"m*%a#"! %e )%e&a en!e 600 3 1500 #ó(a!e&.
INYECCION CONTINUA
INYECCION INTERMITENTE
C"n (a &ea( #e RPM &e )"n!"(a (a $"m$a. S' n" =%n)'"na (a $"m$a n' ((ean ("& *%(&"& e& *"!%e e& #aa#" e( &en&"! #e RPM.
17
INYECCION NORMAL: L"& #"& )a$(e& #e %n 'n3e)"! &"n #e '%a( )"("! %e ("& "!"& 'n3e)"!e&. INYECCION SECUENCIAL: E( )"("! #e( )a$(e %e +'ene #e (a $ae!a a ("& 'n3e)"!e& e& !"I" m'en!a& %e e( &e%n#" )a$(e a ("& 'n3e)"!e& e& #e )"("! #'=e!ene en!e e(("&. La (% #e( CHEC ENGNE n" &e *!en#e )%an#" =a((a %n 'n3e)"!. S' =a((a %n" #e ("& &en&"!e& #e( &'&ema #e a&e& )"nam'nane& &e *!en#e e( CHEC ENGNE.
SI EL MOTOR NO PRENDE te"em&s ,-e (e)ii$): 1.- >e! &' a3 )'&*a e(@)!')a en ("& 'n3e)"!e& %&an#" %n"& =")"& e&*e)'a(e& %e &e )"ne)an a( )a$(e %e +a a ("& 'n3e)"!e& 3 %e *!"#%)en (%)e& 'n'neane& a( en)en#e! e( m""!. O!a ="!ma e& m'#'en#" e( +"(aIe en!e *%na& %e #e$e &e! 12 +"('"&. 2.- >e! &' a3 *!e&'ón #e )"m$%&'$(e *%e& &' &e e& e&)a*an#" a( an%e *"!%e &e #a" e( !e%(a#"! #e *!e&'?n en"n)e& &'n'=')a %e n" &e e& 'n3e)an#" &%=')'ene a&"('na a !a+K& #e ("& 'n3e)"!e&. .- P"! W('m" !e+'&a! &' e( Sen&"! #e RPM e& =%n)'"nan#" $'en.
LOS SENSORES L"& &en&"!e& ((ama#"& am$'@n me#'#"!e& &"n ("& en)a!a#"& #e 'n="!ma! a (a )"m*%a#"!a ECU #e (a& )"n#')'"ne& am"&=@!')a& 3 #e( e&a#" #e( m""! a !a+@& #e &ea(e& e(@)!')a&. C"n ("& #a"& #e ("& &en&"!e& (a )"m*%a#"!a a)'+a 3 )"n!"(a ("& a)%a#"!e&
Te"em&s ()i&s ti'&s !e Se"s&)es ,-e si)(e" ') me!i): Tem*e!a%!a #e( M""!. Tem*e!a%!a #e( A'!e. P"&')'ón #e (a a(ea #e a)e(e!a)'ón. >e(")'#a# #e( +e)%(".
- La (% #e CHEC ENGNE &e *!en#e )%an#" a3 %na =a((a e(@)!')a. - La a*a #e )"m$%&'$(e ma( )e!!a#a *!en#e e( CHEC ENGNE. - La CaIa A%"m')a 'ene &en&"!e& am$'@n. - Den!" #e (a )aIa #e )am$'"& a3 %n &en&"! #e em*e!a%!a #e a)e'e. - E( Sen&"! #e( n%(" #e( )'ea( " e( &en&"! #e (a +e(")'#a# #e( m""! &e en)%en!a " en (a P"(ea " en e( EIe #e )'ea( " en e( B(")X. - C%an#" enem"& %n *!"$(ema )"n e( SENSOR TPS a(ea #e a)e(e!a)'ón en (a )aIa a%"m')a e&a *"! !a"ne& #e eme!en)'a &e %e#a en %n )am$'" e&*e)=')" *e!manenemene.
18 - La )"m*%a#"!a *a!a )'e!"& &en&"!e& )"m" ("& #e !e&'&en)'a +a!'a$(e a& )"m" *a!a e( m')!"*!")e&a#"! %e 'ene #en!" !an&="!ma ("& 12 +"('"& en 5 +"('"&. S' (a )"m*%a#"!a n"& man#a m& #e 5 +"('"& " 12 +"('"& &en e( '*" #e &en&"! e( *!"$(ema e& en (a )"m*%a#"!a. - C%an#" &e *!en#e e( a'!e a)"n#')'"na#" #e( )a!!" &%$e (a a)e(e!a)'ón #e( m""!.
TIPOS DE SENSORES 1.- P"! (a ="!ma #e en+'a! (a &ea(: 1.a Sen&"!e& %e &"n ene!a#"!e& #e C"!!'ene A(e!na. 1.$ Sen&"!e& %e ene!an C"!!'ene C"n'n%a EIem*(": Sen&"! #e "'en" en e( %$" #e e&)a*e #e /00 a 700 m'('+"('"&. 1.) Sen&"!e& %e &"n Re&'&en)'a& >a!'a$(e&. EIem*(": Sen&"! #e em*e!a%!a #e( a'!e. E( MAP en $a&e a +a)". 1.# Sen&"!e& %e &"n *"en)'óme!". 1.e Sen&"!e& %e =%n)'"nan " ene!an (a &ea( *"! %n e=e)" HALL. 1.= Sen&"!e& *"! e( &'&ema #e '(" )a('ene MAF. 2. POR SU MPORTANCA. 2.a Sen&"!e& *!'n)'*a(e&: S"n ("& %e *e!m'en %e e( m""! =%n)'"ne. EIem*(": Sen&"! #e RPM #e( M""! Sen&"! #e( n%(" #e( )'ea(. 2.$ Sen&"!e& #e a#a*a)'ón: S"n ("& %e *e!m'en a#a*a! (a me)(a a'!e)"m$%&'$(e a (a )"m*%a#"!a ECU en )'e!"& e&a#"& #e =%n)'"nam'en" #e( m""! EI. E( &en&"! #e em*e!a%!a #e( m""!. P"! eIem*(": Me)(a N"!ma( 1/6 a 1 Me)(a R')a 1 a 1 Me)(a P"$!e 14 a 1
SENSORES QUE MIDEN LA CANTIDAD DE AIRE QUE INGRESA AL MOTOR 1.- Ha3 +a!'"& '*"& #e &en&"!e& %e &e %&an *a!a me#'! (a )an'#a# #e a'!e %e 'n!e&a a( m""! 3 e&"& *%e#en &e!: 1.a. EL MAP %e e& e( Sen&"! %e m'#e (a )an'#a# #e a'!e %e 'n!e&a a( m""! 3 en @!m'n"& @)n')"& m'#e (a P!e&'ón nea'+a en e( m('*(e #e a#m'&'ón. 1.$. E( CAUDALMETRO %e m'#e e( )a%#a( #e a'!e %e 'n!e&a a( m""!. 1.). EL SENSOR DE HLO CALENTE " MAF %e m'#e e( )a%#a( #e a'!e %e 'n!e&a a( m""! me#'ane e( )a(enam'en" #e %n '(" e( )%a( &e en=!a )"n e( *a&" #e( a'!e. 1.#. EL SENSOR DE TORBELLNO ARMAN e( )%a( m'#e e( )a%#a( #e a'!e e&e '*" #e &en&"! 3a n" e'&e.
20
CAUDALIMETRO
El CAUDALIMETRO: m'#e (a )an'#a# #e a'!e %e en!a a( m""! e&" (" a)e a !a+@& #e %n &'&ema me)n')" en e( )%a( e( a'!e em*%Ia %na )"m*%e!a a( em*%Ia! e&a )"m*%e!a a$!e " )'e!!a %n 'ne!!%*"! 3 a &% +e m%e+e %na +a!'((a %e a)e +a!'a! e( +a("! #e %na !e&'&en)'a e(@)!')a. En &% *a!e &%*e!'"! 'ene %na *e%ea )"m*%a#"!a %e !an&="!ma (a 'n="!ma)'ón me)n')a en e(@)!')a *a!a &e! !e)"n")'#a *"! (a )"m*%a#"!a *!'n)'*a( ECU. E( Ca%#a(,me!" a)a me)n')amene 3 !an&="!ma (a &ea( me)n')a %e !e)"*'(a a e(@)!')a 3 a& (a *%e#e *!")e&a! (a ECU.
SENSOR MAP
21
El SENSOR MAP: C"m" +em"& 'ene e!m'na(e& " )"ne'"ne&: P"! %na e!m'na( 'n!e&a ("& 5 +"('"&. O!a e!m'na( a)e #e ma&a. (a e!)e!a e!m'na( e& (a %e en+a (a &ea( a( )"m*%a#"!.
E&e &en&"! !a$aIa )"n %na !e&'&en)'a +a!'a$(e %e &e )a('ena )"n (a ene!a en+'a#a *"! (a )"m*%a#"!a #e 5 +"('"& e&a !e&'&en)'a )a('ene &e en=!a a( *a&" #e( a'!e 3 en+a %na &ea( %e !e!e&a a (a )"m*%a#"!a 3 e&a (a 'ne!*!ea en $a&e a e&a &ea( &a$e )%an" a'!e e& 'n!e&an#" a( m""! *a!a (a )"m$%&'ón 3 #e e&a ="!ma (a )"m*%a#"!a *%e#e "!#ena! a ("& 'n3e)"!e& manene!&e a$'e!" %na )an'#a# #e 'em*" *a!a %e (a MEZCLA #e a'!e)"m$%&'$(e &ea (a )"!!e)a. P"! (" ene!a( a3 #"& '*"& #e MAP en ("& )a!!"& m"#e!n"& %n" %e m'#e e( )a%#a( #e a'!e 3 "!" MAP %e m'#e (a *!e&'ón $a!"m@!')a. E( MAP %e m'#e (a *!e&'ón $a!"m@!')a (" en)"n!am"& &"$!e e( m('*(e #e a#m'&'ón )"n (a man%e!a &%e(a a( a'!e. L"& MAP &'em*!e 'enen e!m'na(e& en (a )"ne'ón 3 1 %$". E( MAP a)%a( +'ene )"ne)a#" #'!e)amene a( m('*(e #e a#m'&'ón )"n %n "!n'((" *"!%e ane& (a man%e!a %e ena &e en&%)'a$a m%)" 3 (a e('m'na!"n.
NOTA: Pa!a #ee!m'na! )%a( )"ne)"! " e!m'na( a)e #e ma&a %&am"& %n m%(,me!" 3 (" %$')am"& en (a "*)'ón #e OHMOS )"ne)am"& %n e!em" a( nea'+" #e (a $ae!a 3 a( ")a! e( )"ne)"! e&e n"& man#a %na &ea( en ="!ma #e PTO e( )%a( n"& #')e %e enem"& )"n'n%'#a# 3 *"! (" an" e&a e& (a MASA. P)-e+s ,-e ;$em&s e" el MAP ') s+e) si está +-e"&: V En !e(an,n e( +"(me!" #e$e #e 'n#')a! 1 +"('"& V S' (" a)e(e!am"& &%$e e( +"(aIe a&a /7 +"('"& V S' a$!%*amene (" #e&a)e(e!am"& e( +"(me!" m'#e men"& #e 1 +"('"&.
TIPOS DE SENSORES MAP 3.4 ANALOGOS: E&"& &en&"!e& n"& #an +a("!e& en >"('"&. La ma3"!a &"n an(""&. 5.4 DIGITALES: E&"& &en&"!e& n"& #an +a("!e& en =!e)%en)'a H. L"& MAP #''a(e& SEMPRE )%an#" &e m'#e e( +"(aIe +a a &e! #e 25 +"('"&
22 )"n&ane. Só(" ("& +e)%("& FORD 3 ("& >OLS>AGEN !aen MAP DGTALES.
PRUE/AS EN EL SENSOR MAP ANALOGO Ane& #e "ma! )%a(%'e! me#'#a #e$em"& #e '#en'=')a! )(a!amene en ("& e!m'na(e& )%a( e& e( %e !e)'$e e( +"(aIe )%a( e& (a ma&a " nea'+" 3 )%a( e& e( %e man#a (a &ea( en e&e "!#en '#en'=%e("& *!'me!". Pa!a me#'! (a &ea( en e( MAP n"&"!"& %&am"& %na a%Ia (a )%a( 'n)!%&am"& I%n" a( )a$(e #e &ea( m'en!a& manenem"& )"ne)a#" e( MAP en)en#em"& e( )a!!" 3 *!")e#em"& a me#'! a)'en#" )"na)" )"n e( m%(,me!" EN >OLTOS.
C"n e( 'ne!!%*"! #e en)en#'#" en ON a)'en#" )"na)". 1. M""! a*aa#": 1.a. En e( )a$(e #e a('mena)'ón #e )"!!'ene #e$e #a! /7 a 52 +"('"&. 1.$. La Ma&a e(e)!ón')a #e$e #a! men"! a 40 m'('+"('"& 2. M""! en)en#'#" &% &ea( +a!'a$(e #e$e #a! )"(")am"& %n a(='(e!: 2.a. En !e(an,n #e$e me#'! en e( )a$(e #e &ea( #e 12 a 17 +"('"&. 2.$. A ma!)a me#'a #e$e me#'! en e( )a$(e #e &ea( #e 12 a 17 +"('"& 2.). A *(ena a)e(e!a)'ón #e$e me#'! en e( )a$(e #e &ea( #e 7 a /7 +"('"& 2.#. En #e&a)e(e!a)'ón "a( #e$e me#'! en e( )a$(e #e &ea( men"& %e (a #e !e(an,n #e 05 a 12 +"('"&.
NOTA: Una =a((a en e( +a)" #e( m('*(e #e a#m'&'ón *%e#e a)e! %e ma!%e m& +"(aIe en !e(an,n. Una ="!ma )!'"((a #e +e!'=')a! &' e( MAP e& $%en" e& &%))'"nn#"(" )"n (a $")a 3 *ean#" (a (en%a &' e( MAP n" man'ene e( +a)" 3 &e &%e(a (a (en%a e& *"!%e 'ene *!"$(ema&. E&e m'&m" e=e)" (" a)e e( >ACOMETRO e( )%a( e& %n 'n&!%men" en ="!ma #e a(')ae %e &e )"ne)a a( MAP )"n %n %$" 3 a( a*(a&a!(" )!ea +a)" #e a)%e!#" )"n e&a *!e&'ón nea'+a %e !e)'$e &e m'#e e( +"(aIe 3 &e a)e (a )%!+a e&a #e$e &e! %na !e)a &'n" e&a ma( e( MAP.
PRUE/AS EN EL SENSOR MAP DIGITAL Ane& #e "ma! )%a(%'e! me#'#a #e$em"& #e '#en'=')a! )(a!amene en ("& e!m'na(e& )%a( e& e( %e !e)'$e e( +"(aIe )%a( e& (a ma&a " nea'+" 3 )%a( e& e( %e man#a (a &ea( en e&e "!#en '#en'=%e("& *!'me!". Pa!a me#'! (a &ea( en e( MAP n"&"!"& %&am"& %na a%Ia (a )%a( 'n)!%&am"& I%n" a( )a$(e #e &ea( m'en!a& manenem"& )"ne)a#" e( MAP en)en#em"& e( )a!!" 3 *!")e#em"& a me#'! a)'en#" )"na)" )"n e( m%(,me!" EN FRECUENCA.
C&" el i"te))-'t&) !e e"$e"!i!& e" ON <;$ie"!& $&"t$t&= 1. M""! a*aa#": 1.a. A('mena)'ón #e )"!!'ene #e /7 a 52 +"('"&. 1.$. Ma&a e(e)!ón')a men"! a 40 m'('+"('"&
2 2. M""! en)en#'#" &% &ea( +a!'a$(e #e$e #a! )"(")am"& %n a(='(e!: 2.a. En !e(an,n #e$e me#'! (a &ea( #e 100 a 110 H.. 2.$. A ma!)a me#'a #e$e me#'! (a &ea( #e 100 a 110 H. 2.). A *(ena a)e(e!a)'ón #e$e me#'! (a &ea( #e 140 H. 2.#. En #e&a)e(e!a)'ón "a( #e$e me#'! (a &ea( #e 80 a 100 H.
PASOS PARA COMPRO/AR EL ESTADO DEL MAP: 1.- Ce%ea! %e ((ea ("& 5 >"('"& a( )"ne)"! )"n e( )a!!" a*aa#" &') en ON. 2.- Ce%e )%a( e& (a ma&a 3 #ee!m'na! &% ma&a e(e)!ón')a )a!!" a*aa#" &') ON. .- F'na(mene )e%ea! (a Sea( %e +a a( )"m*%a#"! )"n %na a%Ia 3 )a!!" *!en#'#". FACTORES QUE PUEDEN CONFUNDIR SO/RE EL ESTADO DEL MAP: 1. Ma(a &'n)!"n'a)'ón #e( m""!. 2. Man%e!a !"a % "$&!%'#a a( m('*(e #e a#m'&'ón. . A(%na +(+%(a %ema#a.
SENSOR DE >ILO CALIENTE MAF
2/
a E&e &en&"! )a&' e& %n e(emen" *e!=e)" en (a me#')'ón #e( a'!e. P%e#e me#'! )%a!" )a!a)e!&')a& #e (a )a!a #e( a'!e. 1.- >"(%men. 2.- Tem*e!a%!a. .- *!e&'ón $a!"m@!')aa('%#. /.- H%me#a#. $ M'#e (a ma&a #e a'!e. ) E&e e(emen" =%n)'"na $aI" e( *!'n)'*'" #e %e &' &e man'ene %n "$Ie" a %na em*e!a%!a )"n&ane &%*e!'"! a (a am$'ena( (a *@!#'#a #e ene!a @!m')a " em*e!a%!a &e! *!"*"!)'"na( a( )a%#a( " +"(%men #e a'!e %e *a&a *"! e(. # E& )"n&'%'#" #e #"& ='(amen"&: Un" %e m'#e (a em*e!a%!a #e( a'!e 3 "!" ((ama#" )a(ena#"!. e E( )a(ena#"! &e )a('ena *"! e( )a("! %e e( m'&m" ene!a 3 &% em*e!a%!a e& )"n!"(a#a a ='n #e manene!(a a 200 C. E( &en&"! MAF " #e HLO CALENTE &'!+e *a!a me#'! (a )an'#a# #e a'!e %e 'n!e&a a( m""! a#em& m'#e am$'@n (a em*e!a%!a #e( a'!e 3 (a *!e&'ón $a!"m@!')a. E( Sen&"! #e HLO CALENTE 'ene %na )"m*%a#"!a %e #ee!m'na (a )an'#a# #e a'!e en $a&e a )%an" &e en=!a %n 'I" )a('ene %e *"&ee.
Al se"s&) MAF le lleg" 7 $+les: 1.- Un" !e)'$e ("& 12 +"('"& #e( 'ne!!%*"!. 2.- E( &e%n#" &'!+e *a!a a)e! MASA. .- E( e!)e!" man#a (a &ea( #e( &en&"! a)'a (a )"m*%a#"!a. D')en %e e( Sen&"! #e '(" )a('ene MAF e& meI"! %e e( MAP.
NOTA: E( '(" %e *"&ee e( MAF e& m%3 #e(')a#" &e &%e(e !"m*e! )%an#" &e %&a *!e&'ón #e a'!e *a!a ('m*'a!(" am$'@n &e !"m*e )%an#" &e a*(')an ("& a&*e!&"!e& *a!a ('m*'a! )a!$%!a#"!e& n" a*(')a! *!e&'ón #e a'!e #'!e)a &"$!e @(. TIPO DE SENSORES MAF 1.- ANALOGOS: Se )"m*!%e$a m'#'en#" +"(aIe. 2.- DGTALES: Se )"m*!%e$a m'#'en#" =!e)%en)'a.
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PRUE/AS DE DIAGNOSTICO EN MAF ANALOGOS Ane& #e "ma! )%a(%'e! me#'#a #e$em"& #e '#en'=')a! )(a!amene en ("& e!m'na(e& )%a( e& e( %e !e)'$e e( +"(aIe )%a( e& (a ma&a " nea'+" 3 )%a( e& e( %e man#a (a &ea( en e&e "!#en '#en'=%e("& *!'me!". Pa!a me#'! (a &ea( en e( MAF n"&"!"& %&am"& %na a%Ia (a )%a( 'n)!%&am"& I%n" a( )a$(e #e &ea( m'en!a& manenem"& )"ne)a#" e( MAF en)en#em"& e( )a!!" 3 *!")e#em"& a me#'! a)'en#" )"na)" )"n e( m%(,me!" EN >OLTOS.
C&" el i"te))-'t&) !e e"$e"!i!& e" ON <;$ie"!& $&"t$t&= 1. M""! a*aa#": 1.a. A('mena)'ón #e )"!!'ene #e 12 +"('"&. 1.$. Ma&a e(e)!ón')a men"! a 40 m'('+"('"&. 2. M""! en)en#'#" &% &ea( +a!'a$(e #e$e #a! )"(")am"& %n a(='(e!: 2.a. En !e(an,n #e$e me#'! (a &ea( #e 1 a 15 +"('"&. 2.$. De 2000 a 2500 RPM #e$e me#'! (a &ea( #e 15 a 25 +"('"&. 2.). En a)e(e!a)'ón &$'a #e$e me#'! (a &ea( #e 7 a /2 +"('"&.
PRUE/AS DE DIAGNOSTICO EN MAF DIGITAL Ane& #e "ma! )%a(%'e! me#'#a #e$em"& #e '#en'=')a! )(a!amene en ("& e!m'na(e& )%a( e& e( %e !e)'$e e( +"(aIe )%a( e& (a ma&a " nea'+" 3 )%a( e& e( %e man#a (a &ea( en e&e "!#en '#en'=%e("& *!'me!". Pa!a me#'! (a &ea( en e( MAF n"&"!"& %&am"& %na a%Ia (a )%a( 'n)!%&am"& I%n" a( )a$(e #e &ea( m'en!a& manenem"& )"ne)a#" e( MAF en)en#em"& e( )a!!" 3 *!")e#em"& a me#'! a)'en#" )"na)" )"n e( m%(,me!" EN FRECUENCA.
C&" el i"te))-'t&) !e e"$e"!i!& e" ON <;$ie"!& $&"t$t&= 1. M""! a*aa#": 1.a. A('mena)'ón #e )"!!'ene #e 12 +"('"&. 1.$. Ma&a e(e)!ón')a men"! a 40 m'('+"('"& 2. M""! en)en#'#" &% &ea( +a!'a$(e #e$e #a! )"(")am"& %n a(='(e! 2.a En Re(an' #e$e me#'! (a &ea( en: BA9A FRECUENCA: #e 0 a 50 H. ALTA FRECUENCA: #e 2500 a 000 H. 2.$. En 000 RPM #e$e me#'! (a &ea( en:
24 BA9A FRECUENCA #e 50 a 60 H. ALTA FRECUENCA #e 2000 H. 2.). A)e(e!a)'ón &$'a #e$e me#'! (a &ea( en: BA9A FRECUENCA: #e 60 a 65 H. ALTA FRECUENCA: #e /000 a /500 H.
SENSOR DE TEMPERATURA DEL REFRIGERANTE DEL MOTOR
NOTA: Una me)(a #e 50 #e a%a 3 50 #e !e=!'e!ane #e$e &e! 'n!"#%)'#a &'em*!e en e( an%e #e n'+e( #e( &'&ema a( !a#'a#"!. E&e !e=!'e!ane #e$e &e! "a(mene )am$'a#" )a#a 100.000 m& ? 1 +e a( a". &' e( )a!!" +a a *e!mane)e! *"! 1 " 2 me&e& *a!a#" e& *!e=e!'$(e &a)a!(e "#" e( !e=!'e!ane. E( !e=!'e!ane e& %n An')"ne(ane An'"'#ane %n L%$!')ane #e (a $"m$a 3 E(e+a (a em*e!a%!a #e e$%((')'ón #e( a%a a ("& 115 C. N"!ma(mene e( a%a &'n !e=!'e!ane e$%((e en (a C"&a a 100 C 3 en (a S'e!!a a 87 C. C%an#" e'&e %na !an em*e!a%!a (a& m"(@)%(a& #e a&"('na &e m%e+en a !an +e(")'#a# 3 $!'n#an %na ma3"! *!e&'ón 3 %n meI"! !en#'m'en" a( +e)%(".
26 E( e!m"&a" e& %$')a#" en e( )"#" a (a &a('#a #e( m""! #en!" #e (a man%e!a a( !a#'a#"! )"n (a =%n)'ón #e manene! )e!!a#" e( *a&" #e( !e=!'e!ane #e( m""! a( !a#'a#"! a&a %e e&e a()an)e ("& 100 C e( )%a( &e a()ana en 1 a 15 m'n%"& (%e" #e *!en#e! e( )a!!". A( ((ea! a ("& 100 C e( e!m"&a" &e a$!e 3 !e)'@n #eIa *a&a! e( a%a ma& e( !e=!'e!ane a( !a#'a#"!. E( e!m"&a" e& en (a man%e!a &%*e!'"! en e( )"#" 3 &e (" &a)a )"n #"& *e!n"&. S' &e &a)a e( e!m"&a" e( )a!!" n" &e )a('ena !*'#" 3 a&a m%)a a&"('na. E& &'em*!e ne)e&a!'" )am$'a! e( Sen&"! #e em*e!a%!a )%an#" e( )a!!" &e a &"$!e)a(ena#" a& *a!e)a %e e&a n%e+".
NOTA: E( E(e)!" >en'(a#"! &e *!en#e a%"m')amene )%an#" (a em*e!a%!a *a&a %n *")" (a em*e!a%!a m'ma " )%an#" &e #e&)"ne)a " #aa e( Sen&"! #e em*e!a%!a #e( !e=!'e!ane. C%an#" (a !e&'&en)'a #e( &en&"! #e em*e!a%!a +a!'a an"!ma(mene *%e#e %e n" *!en#a ("& e(e)!" +en'(a#"!e& 3 e&" e& m%3 *e('!"&". S' e( &en&"! #e em*e!a%!a e& !"" (a )"m*%a#"!a *%e#e )!ee! %e e( )a!!" e& a -20 C 3 man#a! $a&ane a&"('na. C%an#" )%a(%'e! )a$(e #e( &en&"! &e !"m*e &e *!en#e (a (% #e CHEC ENGNE 3 am$'@n &e *!en#e e( E(e)!" >en'(a#"!. El Se"s&) !e Tem'e)t-) i"&)m l C&m'-t!&) s&+)e l tem'e)t-) !el m&t&) '): 1.- Re%(a! (a )an'#a# #e )"m$%&'$(e. 2.- Re%(a! e( 'em*" #e en)en#'#". .- C"n!"(a! e( a!!an%e en =!". /.- C"n!"(a! e( =%n)'"nam'en" #e ("& e(e)!" +en'(a#"!e&. 5.- C"n!"(a! e( manóme!" #e em*e!a%!a. A( Sen&"! #e em*e!a%!a (e ((ea %n +"(aIe #e 5 >"('"&. E( Sen&"! #e em*e!a%!a 'ene %na !e&'&en)'a 'ne!na e&*e)'a( ((ama#a NTC )"e=')'ene #e em*e!a%!a nea'+" en #"n#e a( a%mena! &% em*e!a%!a #'&m'n%3e &% !e&'&en)'a.
PRUE/AS EN EL SENSOR DE TEMPERATURA DEL REFRIGERANTE Ane& #e "ma! )%a(%'e! me#'#a #e$em"& #e '#en'=')a! )(a!amene en ("& e!m'na(e& )%a( e& e( %e !e)'$e e( +"(aIe )%a( e& (a ma&a " nea'+" 3 )%a( e& e( %e man#a (a &ea( en e&e "!#en '#en'=%e("& *!'me!". Pa!a me#'! (a &ea( n"&"!"& %&am"& %na a%Ia (a )%a( 'n)!%&am"& I%n" a( )a$(e #e &ea( m'en!a& manenem"& )"ne)a#" e( &en&"! #e em*e!a%!a en)en#em"& e( )a!!" 3 *!")e#em"& a me#'! a)'en#" )"na)" )"n e( m%(,me!" EN >OLTOS.
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C&" el i"te))-'t&) !e e"$e"!i!& e" ON <;$ie"!& $&"t$t&= 1. M""! a*aa#": 1.a. >"(aIe #e !e=e!en)'a #e /7 a 52 +"('"& 1.$. Ma&a e(e)!ón')a men"! a 40 m'('+"('"&. 2. M""! en)en#'#" &% &ea( +a!'a$(e #e$e #a! )"(")am"& %n a(='(e!: 2.a. M""! =!" #e$e me#'! (a &ea( #e 2 a +"('"&. 2.$. M""! )a(enan#" en (a &ea( e( +"(aIe #'&m'n%3e 2.). M""! =%n)'"nan#" a em*e!a%!a n"!ma( #e$e me#'! (a &ea( #e 0 a 08 >"('"& NOTA: Pa!a me#'! (a ma&a e(e)!ón')a *!'me!" (" #e&)"ne)am"& a( &en&"! (%e" )"(")am"& %n a(='(e! a (a ma&a #e( &en&"! 3 e&e (" )"ne)am"& a( +"(me!". E( "!" e!em" #e( +"(me!" (" )"ne)am"& a( nea'+" #e (a $ae!a e&e +a("! n" #e$e &%*e!a! ("& 40 m'('+"('"&. M'en!a& m& !%e&" e( )a$(e men"! &e! &% !e&'&en)'a a( *a&" #e )"!!'ene. L"& +en'(a#"!e& '#!%(')"& #e )'e!"& )a!!"& !a$aIan )"n %na e(e)!" +(+%(a %e 'n="!ma a( )"m*%a#"!. C%an#" en (a& maana& +em"& %e n" a!!an)a e( )a!!" !*'#" *%e#e #e$e!&e a( &en&"! #e em*e!a%!a.
SENSOR DE TEMPERATURA DEL AIRE DE ADMISION
PRUE/AS EN EL SENSOR DE TEMPERATURA DE AIRE DE ADMISION Ane& #e "ma! )%a(%'e! me#'#a #e$em"& #e '#en'=')a! )(a!amene en ("& e!m'na(e& )%a( e& e( %e !e)'$e e( +"(aIe )%a( e& (a ma&a " nea'+" 3 )%a( e& e( %e man#a (a &ea( en e&e "!#en '#en'=%e("& *!'me!". Pa!a me#'! (a &ea( n"&"!"& %&am"& %na a%Ia (a )%a( 'n)!%&am"& I%n" a( )a$(e #e &ea( m'en!a& manenem"& )"ne)a#" e( &en&"! #e em*e!a%!a en)en#em"& e( )a!!" 3 *!")e#em"& a me#'! a)'en#" )"na)" )"n e( m%(,me!" EN >OLTOS.
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C&" el i"te))-'t&) !e e"$e"!i!& e" ON <;$ie"!& $&"t$t&= 1. M""! a*aa#": 1.a. >"(aIe #e !e=e!en)'a #e /7 a 52 +"('"& 1.$. Ma&a e(e)!ón')a men"! a 40 m'('+"('"&. 2. M""! en)en#'#" &% &ea( +a!'a$(e #e$e #a! )"(")am"& %n a(='(e!: 2.a. M""! =!" #e$e me#'! (a &ea( #e 2 a +"('"&. 2.$. M""! )a(enan#" en (a &ea( e( +"(aIe #'&m'n%3e 2.). M""! =%n)'"nan#" a em*e!a%!a n"!ma( #e$e me#'! (a &ea( #e 16 a 2 >"('"& NOTA: C%an#" e( )"m*%a#"! n" man#a ("& 5 >"('"& e& m%3 *"&'$(e %e "#"& ("& &en&"!e& enan e( m'&m" *!"$(ema 3 e&" aa =%n)'"na! ma( e( )a!!". )%an#" (a ma&a e(e)!ón')a &%*e!a ("& 40 m'('+"('"& e& m%3 *"&'$(e %e (a &ea( %e &e "$'ene n" &ea (a )"!!e)a 3 e( )"m*%a#"! n" aa (" )"!!e)". Una ma&a e(e)!ón')a a(a &'n'=')a %e a3 )a$(e& 3 )"ne'"ne& &%)'a& % "'#a#a& %e #e$en &e! ('m*'a#a& "*"!%namene.
SENSOR DE LA POSICION DE LA ALETA DE ACELERACION
NOTA: L"& )a!!"& m"#e!n"& 'enen %n &en&"! en e( *e#a( #e a)e(e!a)'ón %e &e )"m%n')a )"n (a C"m*%a#"!a 3 e&a e& (a %e a$!e " )'e!!a (a a(ea #e a)e(e!a)'ón. NOTA: En )a&" #e a)e(e!a! $!%&)amene e( &en&"! TPS man#a %na &ea( a (a )"m*%a#"!a *a!a %e a*a%e em*"!a(mene e( A'!e A)"n#')'"na#" #e a( mane!a %e e( +e)%(" ena "#a (a *"en)'a ne)e&a!'a *a!a #')a man'"$!a.
0
E&e &en&"! e& %n P"en)'óme!". Un P"en)'óme!" e& %n #'+'&"! #e >"(aIe " e& %na !e&'&en)'a +a!'a$(e. Un P"en)'óme!" n"!ma(mene e& )"n&'%'#" #e e!m'na(e& %n" #e ("& )%a(e& e& #e&('ane.
NOTA: S' a(%'en a m"+'#" e( "!n'((" #e a)e(e!a)'ón n"& +a a #a! %n +"(aIe ma3"! e&e #e$e &e! )"!!e'#" #e a)%e!#" a ("& &'%'ene& +a("!e& m"&!a#"& en (a& *!%e$a& a )"n'n%a)'ón.
PRUE/AS EN EL SENSOR !e l ALETA DE ACELERACION OLTOS.
C&" el i"te))-'t&) !e e"$e"!i!& e" ON <;$ie"!& $&"t$t&= 1. M""! a*aa#": 1.a A('mena)'ón a( &en&"!: #e /7 a 52 >"('"& 1.$ Ma&a e(e)!ón')a m'm" #e 40 m'('+"('"&. 2. M""! en)en#'#" &% &ea( +a!'a$(e #e$e #a! )"(")am"& %n a(='(e!: 2.a. En Re(an' enem"&: - #e 0/ >"('"& a 07 >"('"& - En (a F"!# 08 a 11 >"('"& 2.$. A(ea a$!'@n#"&e: >"(aIe en a%men" 2.). A(ea "a(mene a$'e!a: 7 a /7 >"('"& . Re*'a (a& *!%e$a& )"n m""! en ma!)a 3 en (" *"&'$(e )a(ena! e( &en&"! )"n %n &e)a#"! #e *e(".
1
NOTA: C%an#" (a ma&a e(e)!ón')a e& ma3"! a 40 m'('+"('"& %'e!e #e)'! %e a3 ma(a )"ne'ón a)'a e( nea'+" #e (a $ae!a a( +e *"! e!m'na(e& &%)'"& #e$e #e )"!!e'!&e e&" 3 ('m*'a!("& a#e)%a#amene. OTRAS PRUE/AS: 1.- Me#'! (a !e&'&en)'a #e( Sen&"! *a!a #ee!m'na! &% )"n'n%'#a# *%e& &%e(e #e&a&a!&e 3 !"m*e!&e (a !e&'&en)'a.
2.- Me#'! !e&'&en)'a )"n *(a)a )e!!a#a " *(a)a a$'e!a e&" &e a)e )"n %n "me!" an("" en )a&" #e %e $aIe a$!%*amene &'n'=')a %e a3 %n +a)" 3 e& !"a (a !e&'&en)'a.
NOTA: En ("& m""!e& a #'e&&e( e( TPS (" enem"& en e( *e#a( 3 &e ((ama APP.
CIRCUITO DE ARRANQUE EN FRIO
FUNCION: Pe!m'e en!'%e)e! (a me)(a )%an#" e( m""! e&a =!" 3 +a a en!a en =%n)'"nam'en" NOTA: La +(+%(a &"(en"'#e en ("& )a!!"& &'!+e *a!a #eIa! *a&a! a&"('na )%an#" e( )a!!" e& en !e(an' 3a %e en !e(an, (a a(ea #e a)e(e!a)'ón e& )e!!a#a "a(mene. En
2 )am$'" )%an#" %n" a*aa e( )a!!" e&a +(+%(a &"(en"'#e )'e!!a e&e *a&" a#')'"na( #e a&"('na *a!a e+'a! %e e( )a!!" #e )"n!a m%'na. E( 'ne!!%*"! @!m')" e& )e!!a#" en =!" 3 a)e #e ma&a en e( &'&ema. C%an#" &e )a('ena &e #'(aa 3 a$!e e( 'ne!!%*"! e( )%a( a*aa a( 'n3e)"! #e a!!an%e en =!".
VALVULA ISC?IAC FUNCION: Pe!m'e %n *a&" #e a'!e a#')'"na( *a!a *"#e! a)e(e!a! e( m""! )%an#" e& =!". C"n!"(a (a +e(")'#a# en =!" +(+%(a #e *a&" #e( a'!e a#')'"na( en =!". FUNCIONAMIENTO: C%an#" e( )a!!" &e en)'en#e *"! (a& maana& ne)e&'a %na )an'#a# #e a'!e a#')'"na( a&a %e e( )a!!" &e )a('ene "a(mene. A( *a&a! %na )"!!'ene *"! 1 e&a ((ea a %na $"$'na 2 (a )%a( &e )a('ena 3 a &% +e )a('ena 3 #"$(a %na *(a'na %e e& !ea(mene %n $'mea( a( #"$(a!&e (a *(a'na em*%Ia %na *'ea / %e e& &'en#" Ia(a#a *"! e( !e&"!e 4 *e!" (a =%e!a #e (a *(a'na +en)e e( !e&"!e 3 ("!a )e!!a! e( *a&" #e a'!e *"! 5.
SENSOR DE RPM
SENSOR DE RPM
La )"m*%a#"!a ne)e&'a (a& !e+"(%)'"ne& #e( m""! *a!a #e a)%e!#" a e&" 'n3e)a! %na #ee!m'na#a )an'#a# #e )"m$%&'$(e. A% na)en ("& *%(&"& a)'a ("& 'n3e)"!e&. S'n e&e &en&"! e( +e)%(" n" *!en#e en ("& &en&"!e& an(""& *!"#%)e )"!!'ene a(e!na.
SENSOR DEL ANGULO DEL CIG@EAL
SENSOR G Y NE TIPO SEPARADO
SENSOR DE LA /ARRA DE LEVA: Le 'n="!ma a (a )"m*%a#"!a *a!a %e e&a 'n#'%e (a &e)%en)'a #e 'n3e))'ón. T'ene e!m'na(e& 3 !a$aIa $aI" e( e=e)" HALL. E&e &en&"! n" e& an 'm*"!ane &' e( )a!!" 3a e& *!en#'#" *%e& a%n%e n" =%n)'"ne e( )a!!" &'%e an#an#". Est&s 7 SENSORES '-e!e" e"(i) l se1l t)(Bs !e 7 &)ms: 1.- A !a+@& #e %n *!")e&" 'n#%)'+". 2.- A !a+@& #e %n *!")e&" #e e=e)" HALL. .- A !a+@& #e %n *!")e&" OPTCO e& #e&)"n'n%a#".
GENERADOR INDUCTIVO PARTES: 1.- mn *e!manene 2.- B"$'na )a*a#"!a .- Re(e)"! !%e#a #ena#a E& %n ene!a#"! #e )"!!'ene a(e!na n" (e ((ea n'nn +"(aIe &'n" %e (" *!"#%)e &' )"ne)" %n +"(me!" en )"!!'ene a(e!na 3 (" '!" me #a %n +"(aIe. L" m'&m" enem"& en ("& &en&"!e& #e ("& =!en"& ABS
/
De$" #e )"m*!"$a! )"n e( "&)'("&)"*'" (a "n#a #e )"!!'ene a(e!na *%e& #e$e &e! *e!=e)a. S' (a "n#a e& am"!=a &e #e$e a %e e&@ #"$(a#a (a !%e#a #ena#a 3 e( &en&"! n" (ee $'en e&" ")a&'"na! %e n" a3a )'&*a 3 n" *!en#a e( )a!!". EI. A( #aa!&e %n FL;HEEL " !%e#a #ena#a #e (a )aIa a%"m')a n" &e *!"#%)e %na "n#a )"!!e)a 3 (a )"m*%a#"!a n" *%e#e 'ne!*!ea!(a $'en 3 n" man#a (a "!#en #e )'&*a. Ane& #e &a)a! e( +"(ane " =(3ee( #e$em"& #e &'n)!"n'a!(" $'en *"n'en#" e( *'&ón 1 a!!'$a en )"m*!e&'ón 3 a)'en#" )"'n)'#'! (a =(e)a %e e& en e( $(")X )"n (a ma!)a #e (a !%e#a.
Ha3 &'m%(a#"!e& #e &en&"!e& %e &'!+en *a!a #ee!m'na! &' ("& &en&"!e& e&n =%n)'"nan#" $'en.
SENSOR INDUCTIVO: E&"& &en&"!e& !a$aIan )"n %n 'mn e( )%a( a( '!a! %na !%e#a *!"#%)e %n +"(aIe. C%an#" &e a)e(e!a 3 e( &en&"! )"'n)'#e )"n e( #'ene &e ene!a %n *%(&" *"&''+" 3 )%an#" &e a(eIa ene!a %n *%(&" nea'+" -. Ca&' &'em*!e e( *!"$(ema en e&"& &en&"!e& 'n#%)'+"& e& en (a $"$'na. La #'&an)'a #e( &en&"! a (a !%e#a n" *%e#e +a!'a!.
E( &en&"! #e (e+a& e& e( %e (e 'n#')a a (a )"m*%a#"!a e( 'n')'" #e (a 'n3e))'ón. E( &en&"! #e E=e)" Ha(( e& #''a( en e&e )a&" " e& 0 >"('"& " e& 5 >"('"&. E( &en&"! 'n#%)'+" e& #e '*" an("".
5 De$em"& &a$e! &' e( &en&"! %e e&am"& !e+'&an#" e& #e '*" n#%)'+" " #e E=e)" Ha((. De&)"ne)an#" e( &"))e! 3 m'#'en#" e( +"(aIe: 1.- S' (e ((ea +"(aIe e& #e e=e)" Ha((. 2.- S' n" (e ((ea +"(aIe e& #e '*" n#%)'+". S' e& n#%)'+" 3 me#'m"& !e&'&en)'a n"& #a! %n +a("! *"!%e &' a3 !e&'&en)'a en (a $"$'na. En e( E=e)" Ha(( n" a3 !e&'&en)'a. E( &en&"! #e *"&')'ón #e( )'ea( e& 'n#%)'+".
NOTA: E( &en&"! ABS &e (" m'#e )"n (a !%e#a !a&e!a (e+ana#a 3 #n#"(e +%e(a. COMO SE COMPRUE/A EL SENSOR INDUCTIVO: 1.- M'#'en#" (a ene!a)'ón #e )"!!'ene a(e!na 1.1 S' n" ene!a #e$em"& )e%ea!: 1.1.a. S' e&a e( &en&"! ('m*'". 1.1.$. En!e'e!!". La #'&an)'a en!e e( 'mn 3 e( #'ene e& #e 05 a 15 mm. 1.1.). Re&'&en)'a #e (a $"$'na )a*a#"!a. 1.2 S' ene!a #e$em"& )e%ea!: 1.2.a. [%e (a ="!ma #e (a "n#a en e( "&)'("&)"*'" &ea $%ena 3 n" ((ena #e !%'#"& " #e="!me.
SENSOR DE EFECTO >ALL E( e=e)" a(( &e %'('a en (a $a!!a #e (e+a&.
4
COMPRO/ACION DEL INTERRUPTOR DE EFECTO >ALL "(aIe #e !e=e!en)'a: 5 " 12 >"('"&. 1.2.- Ma&a e(e)!ón')a: m'm" #e 40 m'('+"('"&. 2. M""! en)en#'#" &% &ea( +a!'a$(e #e$e #a! )"(")am"& %n a(='(e!: 2.1. Re(an' <<<<<< 0 H. 2.2. Ma!)a Me#'a <<< 60 H. 2.. A)e(e!a)'ón $!%&)a <. 15 H. 2./. E( >"(aIe #e &a('#a #e&#e (a &ea( e& #e +"('"&.
NOTA: E( !e=!'e!ane en ("& )a!!"& &e (" )am$'a )a#a a" " )a#a 100.000 m&. S' e( )a!!" +a a e&a! *a!%ea#" *"! 1 " 2 me&e& &e #e$e #e &a)a! e( !e=!'e!ane. Ane& #e '! a )e%ea! ("& &en&"!e& (a *a!e me)n')a #e$e e&a! =%n)'"nan#" m%3 $'en. S' (a &'n)!"n'a)'ón #e (a #'&!'$%)'ón n" e& $'en ("& &en&"!e& me#'!n ma(.
SENSOR TPS TIPO LINEAL
6 E( SENSOR TPS DE TPO LNEAL (e 'n="!ma a (a C"m*%a#"!a ECU (a *"&')'ón #e (a a(ea #e a)e(e!a)'ón.
NOTA: C%an#" #e( m""! n" *!en#e &e #e$e a %e n" a3 )'&*a " n" a3 *%(&"& a ("& 'n3e)"!e& " n" a3 &%=')'ene *!e&'ón #e )"m$%&'$(e. Pa!a (a &'n)!"n'a)'ón #e( en)en#'#" &e !e%'e!e #e (a &ea( #e( SENSOR DE RPM " #e( SENSOR DEL ANGULO DEL CGUEAL (" )%a(e& &"n &en&"!e& #e '*"& 'n#%)'+"& e& #e)'! *!"#%)en &% *!"*'" +"(aIe.
SENSOR DE OIGENO
Se a((a %$')a#" en e( %$" #e e&)a*e. Dee!m'na (a )an'#a# #e "en" %e &a(e #e( %$" #e e&)a*e *a!a $%&)a! %na !e(a)'ón #e me)(a '#ea( en e( 'ne!'"! #e( )'('n#!". E& %n ene!a#"! #e )"!!'ene )"n'n%a. Gene!a m& " men"& #e /00 a 700 m'('+"('"&. Pa!a !ea('a! &% !a$aI" ne)e&'a ene! %na em*e!a%!a #e 00 a 50 C. *"! e&" a(%n"& !aen &% *!"*'a !e&'&en)'a.
L"& m""!e& %e 'enen &en&"! #e "en" n" &e !e%(a e( RELANT *e!" *a!a ("& m""!e& %e n" (" 'ene &' &e !e%(a e( RELANT *e!" *a!a e&e )a&" &e !e%'e!e #e %n ana('a#"! #e a&e&. NOTA: Pa!a ('m*'a! e( SENSOR DE O\GENO &e (" mee en +'na!e *"! 10 m'n%"&. A e&"& &en&"!e& &e (" &a)a )"n e( m""! )a('ene 3a %e *"! (" ene!a( &"n #'=)'(e& #e &a)a! *"! (a &%)'e#a# #e( %$" #e e&)a*e. A e&e &en&"! n" (e ((ea )"!!'ene &'n" %e (a ene!a 3 +a #e /00 a 700 m'('+"('"&.
7 P"#em"& en)"n!a! SENSORES DE O\GENO )"n 3 / )a$(e& #"n#e 2 #e ("& )a$(e& &'!+en *a!a (a !e&'&en)'a 'ne!'"! %e *"&een e&a !e&'&en)'a a3%#a a )a(ena!(" a (a em*e!a%!a '#ea( #e !a$aI". L"& &en&"!e& #e 1 3 2 )a$(e& n" !aen !e&'&en)'a.
SISTEMA DE CONTROL DEL CALENTADOR DEL SENSOR DE OIGENO
1.- E&e &en&"! !ea('a &% !a$aI" e=')'enemene a %na em*e!a%!a #e 00 a 50 C. 2.- La )"m*%a#"!a ECU )"n!"(a e( =%n)'"nam'en" #e( )a(ena#"! #e( &en&"! a !a+@& #e (a ma&a. .- C%an#" (a em*e!a%!a #e ("& a&e& #e e&)a*e e& $aIa (a )"m*%a#"!a ECU )"n!"(a e( =%n)'"nam'en" #e &en&"! *a!a &% e=')'en)'a. /.- S' (a em*e!a%!a #e ("& a&e& a%mena )"n&'#e!a$(emene (a )"m*%a#"!a (" #e&)"ne)a *a!a e+'a! e( #ee!'"!" #e( &en&"!. 5.- E( &en&"! e& #e&)"ne)a#" en a!!an%e en =!" en a)e(e!a)'ón a *(ena )a!a e).
TIPOS DE SENSORES DE OIGENO 1.- P"! (a )an'#a# #e )a$(e&. 1.a. Sen&"!e& %e 'enen 1 )a$(e. Pa!a !e+'&a!("& &e )"ne)a a( +"(me!" 3 (%e" a ma&a. 1.$. Sen&"!e& %e 'enen 2 )a$(e&. Pa!a !e+'&a!("& &e )"ne)a a( +"(me!" 3 e( "!" a( (a#" -. 1.). Sen&"!e& #e )a$(e&. 1.#. Sen&"!e& #e / )a$(e&. C%an#" #e&)"ne)am"& en %n )a!!" 1 'n3e)"! (" %e ")%!!e e& %e &a(e m& "en" *"! e( %$" #e e&)a*e *"! (" )%a( (a me)(a e& *"$!e. E& n"!ma( %e *"! e( %$" #e e&)a*e &a(a a%a. E( SENSOR DE O\GENO am$'@n &e (e )"n")e )"m" (a &"n#a LABMDA (a )%a( #e$e &e! '%a( a 1. En e&e )a&" 1/6 : 1 e& (a !e(a)'ón '#ea( #e a'!e : a&"('na. C%an#" (a me)(a &a(e *"$!e e& #e)'! )"n *")a a&"('na (a )"m*%a#"!a man#a %na me)(a !')a manen'en#" m& 'em*" a$'e!" ("& 'n3e)"!e&. +')e+e!&a.
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Un "("! =e" *"! e( %$" #e e&)a*e n" %'e!e #e)'! na#a *%e&" %e e( )"m$%&'$(e %ema#" e& 'n"("!" (" %e %'e!e #e)'! e& %e (a a&"('na 3a &e e& #e&)"m*"n'en#" *"! e( 'em*" %e ((e+a en e( +e)%(" %a!#a#". En ("& SENSORES DE O\GENO #e )a$(e& *"! (" ene!a( 1 e& *a!a (a &ea( a (a COMPUTADORA 3 ("& "!"& 2 &"n *a!a (a !e&'&en)'a. Pa!a +e!'=')a! &' =%n)'"na *!'me!" #e$em"& #e &a$e! &' (a !e&'&en)'a n" &e a !"" *a!a (" )%a( !e+'&am"& &' a3 )"n'n%'#a# %&an#" e( MULTMETRO en (a *"&')'ón #e OHMETRO &' *'a e& $'en e( &en&"! *e!" &' n" *'a e& !"" *"! #en!" (" )%a( &'n'=')a %e e& #aa#" e( &en&"!. En ("& SENSORES DE O\GENO #e / )a$(e& *"! (" ene!a( a3 2 $(an)"& %e &"n *a!a (a !e&'&en)'a #e( &en&"! a( %e (e ((ea 12 +"('"& 3 e( "!" e& nea'+" a3 1 ne!" %e &'!+e #e ma&a 3 %n" *("m" %e e& *a!a (a &ea( ene!a#a. E( SENSOR DE O\GENO &e #aa )%an#" &e %&a &'(')ón *%e& e& m%3 &en&'$(e a ("& "("!e& =%e!e&. C%an#" &e #ae &e #e$e #e )"m*!a! %n" n%e+" ORGNAL.
NOTA: L"& +e)%("& PEUGOT ("& CORSA E>OLUTON 3 ("& >OL;AGENS +'enen )"n =a((a& #e =$!')a )"n *!"$(ema& #e ma&a.
REGULACION DEL CO
E'&e %n &en&"! %e &e en)%en!a %$')a#" en e( %$" #e e&)a*e e( )%a( #ee!m'na (a )an'#a# #e "en" %e &a(e *"! e( m'&m". P"! (" ene!a( e&e &en&"! &e !a$a *"! (a &%)'e#a# a& %e #e$e #e &a)a!(" )"n m%)" )%'#a#" *a!a n" #aa!(". S' e&e &en&"! &e #aa e( )a!!" em*'ea a $"a! %m".
N&t: C%an#" e( )a!!" $"a %m" a3 %e *a!a!(" en&e%'#a *%e& &e *%e#en #"$(a! (a& $'e(a&.
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E( )a!!" *!"#%)e *"! &% %$" #e e&)a*e: NO ] O'#"& #e N'!óen" HC ] H'#!")a!$%!"& H2O ] >a*"! #e a%a CO ] M"nó'#"& CO2 ] B'ó'#" #e )a!$"n" - La n"!ma e& %e #e$e #e *!"#%)'! #e 05 a 15 #e CO - E&" a%mena &' a%mena e( )"n&%m" #e )"m$%&'$(e #e( m""!. - Pa!a me#'! e&e a& &e %'('a %n ana('a#"! #e a&e&.
S' n" 'ene e( )a!!" &en&"! #e "en": P"&ee %n *"en)'óme!" %e *"#em"& '!a! a (a #e!e)a *a!a en!'%e)e! (a me)(a 3 &' (" '!am"& a (a '%'e!#a &e em*"$!e)e (a me)(a.
N&t: Ha$a %n )a!!" %e n" &e e&a$'('a$a en"n)e& &e #'e!"n )%ena %e e&e e&a$a en 5 m'('&e%n#"& ("& *%(&"& #e ("& 'n3e)"!e& a& %e (" $aIa!"n a 5 m'('&e%n#"& 3 e( )a!!" &e e&a$'('ó.
SENSOR DE CASCA/ELEO
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Dee)a )%an#" e( m""! )"m'ena a )a&)a$e(ea!. n="!ma a (a C"m*%a#"!a ECU 3 e((a a%"m')amene !e!aa e( 'em*" #e en)en#'#" &' em*'ea a )a&)a$e(ea!. E&e &en&"! e& %n ene!a#"! #e )"!!'ene a(e!na. Gene!a #e 07 a 12 +"('"&.
N"!ma(mene 'ene 1 )a$(e. E&e &en&"! &e )"m*!%e$a )"n %n +a("! #e !e&'&en)'a #e*en#'en#" #e( '*" #e )a!!". E&e &en&"! &e a((a %$')a#" en e( $(")X #e( m""! )e!)a #e( *%n" m%e!" &%*e!'"! #e ("& *'&"ne& en!"&)a#" a a( *%n" %e n" ((ea a ene! )"na)" )"n e( !e=!'e!ane "mam"& %n "&)'("&)"*'" 3 (" )"ne)am"& a( &en&"! (%e" )"n %n ma!'((" #am"& %n "(*e)'" )e!)a #e( &en&"! &"$!e e( $(")X 3 #e$e #e *!"#%)'!&e %na "n#a en e( "&)'("&)"*'" &' n" &e *!"#%)e (a "n#a e&a #aa#". C%an#" a3 %n *!"$(ema e(e)!ón')" en e&e &en&"! &e *!en#e (a (% #e CHEC ENGNE.
N&t: C"m*!e 'n="!ma)'ón @)n')a en e&"& ('$!"& &e e&*e)'=')a e( )"("! #e ("& )a$(e& 3 &%& =%n)'"ne&.
VALVULA DE VELOCIDAD DE RELANTI
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1.- C"n!"(a (a +e(")'#a# #e !e(an'. 2.- A#em& )"n!"(a (a& +e(")'#a#e&: 2.1 C"n a'!e a)"n#')'"na#". 2.2 U&an#" (a #'!e))'ón '#!%(')a. 2. U&an#" a))e&"!'"& e(e)!ón')"&. 2./ C"n e( m""! =!".
CONTROL ELECTRICO DE LA VALVULA ISC SO/RE LA COMPUTADORA
N&t: Un )a!!" &e a*aa$a a( +'!a! (a e&%'na e&" &e #e$'ó a %e )%an#" '!a$a e( 'món &e a)'+a$a (a #'!e))'ón '#!%(')a 3 e( &en&"! SCAC n" #a$a (a "!#en #e a)e(e!a)'ón a( m""! a !a+@& #e (a )"m*%a#"!a *"! (" %e &e a*aa$a e( )a!!" *%e& e( m""! n" &"*"!a$a (a =%e!a !e%e!'#a *"! (a $"m$a '#!%(')a. E( *!"$(ema &e &"(%)'"nó )%an#" )am$'a!"n e( Sen&"! SCAC. N&t: O!" )a&" ")%!!a )"n %n )a!!" %e )%an#" (" a)e(e!a$an &e %e#a$a a)e(e!a#" e&" &e #e$a a %e e( 'ne!!%*"! #e (a $"m$a '#!%(')a &e %e#a$a *ea#" 3 )e!!a#" a& %e !e*a!a!"n e&e 'ne!!%*"! 3 &e &"(%)'"nó e( *!"$(ema.
/ En !e(an, (a a(ea #e a)e(e!a)'ón e& )e!!a#a "a(mene 3 e( a'!e *a&a *"! %n )"n#%)" a*a!e )%3a a*e!%!a #e*en#e #e( &en&"! SC.
N&t: E( )"n#%)" #e( &en&"! SC e&a$a &%)'" en %n )a!!" 3 e&" a)a %e &e a*a%e en !e(an,n %n me)n')" (e me'ó %na )%e!#a #e %'a!!a *a!a ('m*'a!(" 3 &a('ó "((n (%e" #e ('m*'a!(" e( )a!!" =%n)'"nó $'en. C%an#" e( SC &e #aa e( )a!!" n" &"*"!a !e(an,.
N&t: En ("& )e+!"(e *a!a 'n&a(a! e( &en&"! SC &e #e$e &a)a! (a *%na a&a %na #'&an)'a #e 27 mm #e&#e (a )a!)aa a (a *%na. P"! (" ene!a( )a#a +e %e &e a)e %n ABC &e #e$e #e )am$'a! e&a +(+%(a " &en&"! SC.
N&t: Pa!a *!"$a! e&a +(+%(a &e (a #e&)"ne)a 3 a( *!en#e! e( )a!!" #e$e a*aa!&e 'nme#'aamene e( )a!!" 3 &' n" &e a*aa &'n'=')a %e n" e& &e((an#" $'en (a +(+%(a 3 #e$e #e *"ne!&e %na n%e+a. Flls $&m-"es: Se ((ena #e "((n. N" #e$e #e e)!&e(e n'nn '*" #e #'(%3ene *"!%e &e )"!")'!)%'a 3 *%e#e %ema! (a )"m*%a#"!a.
SENSOR DE VELOCIDAD DEL VE>ICULO E&e &en&"! #ee)a (a +e(")'#a# !ea( a (a %e e& +'aIan#" e( +e)%(" e&a &ea( (e *e!m'e a (a )"m*%a#"!a ECU )"n!"(a! (a +(+%(a SC 3 )"n!"(a! (a !e(a)'ón a'!e )"m$%&'$(e #%!ane (a a)e(e!a)'ón 3 #e&a)e(e!a)'ón.
TIPOS: 1.- T'*" 'ne!!%*"! #e (enea.
2.- T'*" ="" a)"*(a#"!
//
.- T'*" )a*a#"! e(e)!"man@')".
FUNCIONES DE LA COMPUTADORA ECU & ECM -
Re%(a#"! #e( +"(aIe #e !e=e!en)'a >. !e=. A)"n#')'"na#"! #e en!a#a& Am*('=')a#"! C"n+e!'#"! #e An("" a #''a( M')!"*!")e&a#"! P!")e&a#"! Mem"!'a C"n!"(a#"! #e Sa('#a& T!an&'&"!e& a 'e!!a.
CONSE9OS PARA PROTEGER LA COMPUTADORA -
N%)a #e&)"ne)e n'nn a*a!a" #e 12 +"('"& )%an#" e( &') #e en)en#'#" e&@ )e!!a#" " en ON. N%n)a !e)'$a ene!a #e "!" )a!!".
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De&en)%=e (a )"m*%a#"!a a( &"(#a! a& )"m" &e a)e )"n (a $ae!a. Sa%e (a )"m*%a#"!a )%an#" (" ((e+e a *'na! en "!n" e( )a("! am$'@n a=e)a a "#"& ("& )"m*%a#"!e&. Ha3 )"m*%a#"!a *a!a e( en)en#'#" *a!a ("& a&'en"& e(@)!')"& *a!a e( &'&ema #e =!en"& *a!a (a &%&*en&'ón e). Ha3 )"m*%a#"!a& m"na#a& en e( a$(e!" 3 &' e( *a!a$!'&a& 'ene =%a& *%e#e #eIa! *a&a! (a& "a& #e ((%+'a& 3 a=e)a! a (a )"m*%a#"!a. U&a! m%(,me!" #''a( )"n a(a 'm*e#an)'a 3 n" %&e m%(,me!"& an(""&. Pa!a !a$aIa! en (a )"m*%a#"!a SE DEBE %&a! %ane& e&*e)'a(e& an'man@')"& *%e& (a e&')a *%e#e #aa!(a. NO &e *%e#e )am$'a! (a $ae!a #e&)"ne)n#"(a a( &'&ema a$!%*amene *%e& &e *%e#en $("%ea! (a& !a#'"& 3 )'e!"& &'&ema& #e *!"e))'ón an'!!"$". E& a)"n&eIa$(e ene! %n m%(,me!".
SISTEMA DE ALIMENTACION DE CORRIENTE A LA COMPUTADORA
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En )"!!'ene )"n'n%a enem"& MASA. En )"!!'ene a(e!na enem"& TERRA. La C"m*%a#"!a a)e ma&a *a!a ("& a)%a#"!e&. E( &m$"(" #e MASA *a!a ("& )a!!"& "3"a e& E 3 1 *a!a ("& #em&. E( +a("! #e (a ma&a #e$e #e &e! m'm" 40 m'('+"('"& *e!" &' a%mena %'e!e #e)'! %e a3 ma3"! !e&'&en)'a 3 ("& )a$(e& e&n &%)'"& )%an#" &%$e a 60 m'('+"('"& 3a enem"& %n *!"$(ema. En ("& )a!!"& n%e+"& *%e#e me#'! men"& #e 50 m'('+"('"& (" )%a( 'n#')a %e e& m%3 $'en.
CONSTRUCCION DEL SISTEMA DE CONTROL DEL MOTOR
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PORQUE SE APAGA EL MOTOR
N" a3 )'&*a e(@)!')a N" a3 *%(&" a ("& 'n3e)"!e& N" a3 P!e&'ón #e )"m$%&'$(e
TIEMPO DE LOS MOTORES:
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O!#en #e en)en#'#" en )a!!"& #e / *'&"ne&: 1.- A#m'&'ón .- C"m*!e&'ón /.- E*("&'ón 2.- E&)a*e En ("& m""!e& &e)%en)'a(e& e( SENSOR DE RPM !a$aIa &"$!e ("& )%a!" 'n3e)"!e& a (a +e.
CARROS ANTIGUOS CON PLATINOS Y CONDENSOS E( *(a'n" 3 e( )"n#en&" en ("& )a!!"& an'%"& 'enen (a =%n)'ón #e !an&="!ma! ("& 12 +"('"& #e (a $ae!a a 15.000 +"('"&. C%an#" &e )'e!!a e( *(a'n" &e )'e!!a e( )'!)%'" *!'ma!'". A( a$!'!&e e( )'!)%'" *"! e=e)" #e (a (e+a &"$!e e( *(a'n" en e&e m"men" &e *!"#%)e %na !an&="!ma)'ón en (a $"$'na #e 12 +"('"& a 15.000 +"('"& a&a /0.000 +"('"&. P"! (" an" e( *(a'n" e& %n 'ne!!%*"! )%3a =%n)'ón e& a$!'! 3 )e!!a! e( )'!)%'" *a!a e&a !an&="!ma)'ón.
Pa!a 'n&a(a! e( #'&!'$%'#"! *"nem"& e( *'&ón ^ 1 en e( *%n" m%e!" &%*e!'"! 3 en e( 'em*" #e )"m*!e&'ón. Tam$'@n #e$em"& #e ene! (a *!e)a%)'ón #e %e e( *(a'n" &e en)%en!e a$'e!" *"!%e en e&e m"men" e& &a(an#" (a )'&*a #e (a $%Ia. En (a a)%a('#a# n" enem"& *(a'n"& n' )"n#en&"& &'n" %n mó#%(" e(e)!ón')" %e e& %n !an&'&"! e( )%a( &e a$!e " )'e!!a e(@)!')amene. e& (a )"m*%a#"!a ECU (a %e man#a ("& *%(&"&.
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ESTADO DE LAS VALVULAS Pa!a &a$e! e( e&a#" #e (a& +(+%(a& #e$em"& #e me#'! (a )"m*!e&'ón en )a#a *'&ón a !a+@& #e &a)a! (a& $%Ia& 3 )"(")a! %n me#'#"! #e *!e&'ón. La )"m*!e&'ón #e$e #e &e! '%a( en "#"& ("& *'&"ne& &' +a!'a e& *"!%e (a& +(+%(a& n" e&n a&enan#" $'en. EI.170 170 170 170 )"m*!e&'ón *a!a )%a!" *'&"ne&. D'=e!en)'a m'ma BEN #e 10.
RECOMENDACIONES PARA TODO CARRO 3.4 En RELANT (a me)(a e& RCA. En MARCHA NORMAL (a me)(a e& NORMAL " POBRE En PLENA CARGA (a me)(a e& RCA. 5.4 C%an#" e( m""! e& =!" e( a)e'e e& *e&a#" *"! e((" #e$em"& #e e&*e!a! %e e( )a!!" &e )a('ene *a!a a%mena! (a +'#a #e( m""!. A)e'e 20;50: [%'e!e #e)'! 20 #e +'&)"&'#a# en =!" 3 50 #e +'&)"&'#a# en )a('ene.
7.4 En ("& m""!e& a a&"('na e( T%!$" &e %&a *"! (" ene!a( en ("& )a!!"& #e (a S'e!!a en #"n#e e( %!$" "$('a a 'n!e&a! ma3"! )an'#a# #e a'!e a( m""!. *.4 P"! )a#a 100 me!"& #e a(%!a %e &%$e %n )a!!" &e *'e!#e %n 1 #e P"en)'a. .4 Ane& ("& m""!e& ((ea$an a (a& 5.000 !e+"(%)'"ne& a"!a e&n #'&ea#"& *a!a ((ea! a&a ("& 7.000 3 10.000 !e+"(%)'"ne&. Un m""! #e$e #e #%!a! 150.000 m& ane& #e !e%e!'! %n manen'm'en". N"!ma(mene %n m""! *'e!#e 001 mm. #e e&*e&"! *"! )a#a 10.000 m. #e !e)"!!'#". .4 Se #e$e )e%ea! e( m""! #e a!!an%e )a#a 20.000 Xm&. .4 Se #e$e )e%ea! ("& =!en"& )a#a 5.000 Xm&. H.4 1 BAR ] 1/2 P&' *!e&'ón. .4 E( =!en" ABS =%n)'"na #e a( mane!a %e )%an#" &e =!ena $!%&)amene e( )a!!" n" &e #e&(')e %'n#"(e *!e&'ón a (a& !%e#a&. 3.4 N" #e$em"& +a!'a! (a &%&*en&'ón #e( )a!!" (a )%a( e&a n'mamene !e(a)'"na#a )"n (a =!e)%en)'a #e "&)'(a)'ón #e( +e)%(". La =!e)%en)'a #e "&)'(a)'ón #e( &e! %man" e& 1 a 16 M %e e& (a m'&ma %e #e$en ene! ("& )a!!"& *a!a %e %n &e! %man" n" &e ma!ee 3 e&a #e*en#e #e( '*" 3 ama" #e (a& ((ana& #e( )a!!". S' +a!'am"& e&a =!e)%en)'a #e "&)'(a)'ón (a *e!&"na& &e ma!ean. 33.4 En ("& m""!e& ("& *'&"ne& #e ("& e!em"& e( 1 3 e( / &%e(en #aa!&e m& !*'#" %e ("& #em&. E&" e& #e$'#" a %e e&"& *'&"ne& &e en=!an m%3 !*'#". E( #e&a&e #e&'%a( &e #e$e a (a em*e!a%!a.
50
35.4 E( !e%(a#"! #e P!e&'ón n" &e a!!e(a )%an#" &e #aa &"(" &e (" #e$e )am$'a! *"! %n" n%e+". 37.4 E( #'anó&')" +a(e m& %e e( )am$'" #e( !e*%e&". 3*.4 Cam$'a! e( &en&"! #e em*e!a%!a e& =)'( 3.4 E( P!e='(!" #e (a $"m$a #e a&"('na &e )am$'a )a#a 20.000 Xm& #e !e)"!!'#" 3 e& #en!" #e (a $"m$a. 3.4 S' a(%na $a&%!a *a&a!a a( &'&ema *%e#e #aa! (a a%Ia #e ("& 'n3e)"!e&. 3.4 C%an#" %&am"& a&"('na e!a en ("& )a!!"& m"#e!n"& #e 'n3e))'ón e&"& )a&)a$e(ean 3 &e #e&a&an m& !*'#amene. 3H.4 E( e!ae'(" #e *("m" e& %n a#''+" %e e(e+a e( ")anaIe #e (a a&"('na *e!" n" &e %&a *%e& e& %n !an )"nam'nane #e( am$'ene. 3.4 En (a TRALBLAZER an" e( &en&"! #e RPM )"m" e( #e *"&')'ón #e( )'ea( &"n #e e=e)" Ha((.0 " 5 +"('"&.
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