\MU\ Umpkrt
Emozmom/Skjumom <4/<7-4 Iujy 5<<7
33 Pkutn Erkacway, Wnftm \jafos, Omw Vkrb 1<4<1, ]PA Smj9 +1 613 4<6 <0<< Dax9 +1 613 4<6 <066 @kpyrfgnt© ey Omxaot, Fo`. 5<<7 Snfs Umpkrt was prmparmc ey Omxaot, Fo`. (‚Omxaot‘) aoc fs part kd @nmhPystmhs \rk`mss Mvajuatfko/Umsmar`n \jaoofog (\MU\) \rkgrah. Mx`mpt wnmrm spm`fdf`ajjy statmc ktnmrwfsm fo tnfs Umpkrt, tnm fodkrhatfko `kotafomc nmrmfo fs prmparmc ko tnm easfs kd fodkrhatfko tnat fs puejf`jy avafjaejm, aoc `kotafos ok `kodfcmotfaj tnfrc party tm`nof`aj fodkrhatfko tk tnm emst bokwjmcgm kd Omxaot. Snm adkrmsafc fodkrhatfko nas okt emmo focmpmocmotjy vmrfdfmc kr ktnmrwfsm mxahfomc tk cmtmrhfom fts a``ura`y, `khpjmtmomss, kr dmasfefjfty. Omftnmr Omxaot, Pu es`rfemr, okr aoy pmrsko a`tfog ko emnajd kd mf tnmr assuhms a oy jfaefjftfms j faefjftfms wftn rmspm`t tk t nm usm kd, k r dkr cahagms rmsujtfog drkh tnm usm kd, aoy fodkrhatfko `kotafomc fo tnfs Umpkrt. Omxaot ckms okt rmprmsmot kr warraot tnat aoy assuhmc `kocftfkos wfjj `khm tk pass. Snm Umpkrt fs suehfttmc ko tnm uocmrstaocfog tnat tnm Pues`rfemr wfjj hafotafo tnm `kotmots `kodfcmotfaj mx`mpt dkr tnm Pues`rfemr‖s fotmroaj usm. Snm Umpkrt snajj okt em rmprkcu`mc, cfstrfeutmc, kr usmc kutsfcm Pues`rfemr‖s krgaofzatfko wftnkut dfrst ketafofog prfkr wrfttmo `kosmot ey Omxaot. Ma`n Pues`rfemr agrmms tk usm rmaskoaejm mddkrt tk prktm`t tnm `kodfcmotfaj oaturm kd tnm Umpkrt.
@kotmots Pm`tfko 1
Mxm`utfvm Puhhary ..................................................... ............................................
1
1.1
FOSUKC]@SFKO ..................................................... ....................................
1
1.5
\UKC]@SFKO KD UMDKUHASM ........................................................ ......
5
1.5.1
@kovmotfkoaj .................................................. ...................................................................................... ....................................
5
1.5.5
\rkcu`tfko kd Arkhatf` vfa Oko-@kovmotfkoaj Ukutms..................... Ukutms..... ................
0
1.0
\UKC]@SFKO DUKH \VUKJVPFP GAPKJFOM......................................
=
1.3
AUKHASF@P M^SUA@SFKO ......................................................... ............
4
1.=
CMAJBVJASFKO .................................................. ........................................................................................ ......................................
7
1.4
M@KOKHF@P .................................................. ................................................................................................ ..............................................
>
1.4.1
Umdkrhatm................................................................................... Umdkrhatm........................... ........................................................ ........
>
1.4.5
Emozmom/Skjumom................................................................................ Emozmom/Skjumom........................... .....................................................
>
@KHHMU@FAJ AOAJVPFP........................... AOAJVPFP........................................................................ .............................................
1<
1.7.1
]oftmc Ptatms .................................................. ...................................................................................... ....................................
1<
1.7.5
Wmstmro Murkpm.......................................................................... Murkpm................... ....................................................... ........
1<
1.7.0
Asfa/\a`fdf` ...................................................... ..................................
11
@KO@J]PFKOP...................................................... ......................................
11
........................................................................... ......................... @urrmot @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy..................................................
10
5.1
FOSUKC]@SFKO ..................................................... ....................................
10
5.5
@ASAJVSF@ UMDKUHFOG ............................................................ ............
1=
5.5.1
@nmhfstry................................................... @nmhfstry ........................................................................................... ........................................
14
5.5.5
@atajyst .................................................. .............................................................................................. ............................................
5<
5.5.0
\rk`mss Tarfaejms ....................................................... ........................
51
5.5.3
Umdkrhmr Sypms ....................................................... ..........................
53
5.5.=
Dmmc \rmparatfko ............................................. ................................................................................ ...................................
5=
5.5.4
Umdkrhmr Kpmratfko ................................................ ........................................................................... ...........................
01
5.5.7
Vfmjcs aoc ]tfjftfms .................................................. ............................................................................ ..........................
05
5.5.>
@khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy................................................................ Sm`nokjkgy............ .................................................... ....
03
5.0
\UKC]@SFKO DUKH \VUKJVPFP GAPKJFOM......................................
0=
5.3
AUKHASF@P M^SUA@SFKO ......................................................... ............
07
1.7
1.> 5
\agm
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
f
@kotmots
5.3.1
Fotrkcu`tfko............................................................. Fotrkcu`tfko.......... .............................................................................. ...........................
07
5.3.5
ES^ Mxtra`tfko \rk`mssms ................................................. ................................................................. ................
06
5.3.0
Pfogjm Arkhatf`s Mxtra`tfko \rk`mssms .............................................
3=
CMAJBVJASFKO \UK@MPPMP ...................................................... ...........
3>
5.=.1
Fotrkcu`tfko............................................................. Fotrkcu`tfko.......... .............................................................................. ...........................
3>
5.=.5
Nycrkcmajbyatfko........................................................................... Nycrkcmajbyatfko.................... ....................................................... ....
3>
5.=.0
Skjumom Cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko ................................................. ............................................................... ..............
=3
5.4
\UKC]@SFKO DUKH @KBM KTMO JFGNS KFJ..................................... KFJ......... ............................
=7
5.7
\UKC]@SFKO KD AUKHASF@P TFA OKO@KOTMOSFKOAJ UK]SMP
=>
5.7.1
Asanf @nmhf`ajs‖ Ajpna \rk`mss ............................................... ....................................................... ........
=>
5.7.5
E\/]K\‖s @y`jar ℥ \rk`mss \rk`mss .............. ..................... ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. ............. ......... ..
=6
5.7.0
@\ @nmh‖s Arkhax® \rk`mss .................................................... ........
43
5.7.3
]K\‖s UY \jatdkrhfog℥ .................................................... ................
44
5.7.=
Puhhary kd Oko-`kovmotfkoaj Ukutms.............................................. Ukutms..................... .........................
4>
Cmvmjkpfog Sm`nokjkgfms ...................................................... ...................................
7<
0.1
HMSNAOKJ SK AUKHASF@P ................................................. .................................................................. .................
7<
0.5
HMSNAOM SK EMOYMOM ................................................ .......................................................................... ..........................
71
0.0
\ASMOSP KD FOSMUMPS ................................................ ............................................................................ ............................
75
0.0.1
Axmos (FD\) aoc PB @krpkratfko............................. @krpkratfko....................................................... ..........................
75
0.0.5
@nmvrko \nfjjfps @nmhf`aj @khpaoy (@\@nmh)..............................
7=
0.0.0
@nfoa \mtrkjmuh \mtrkjmuh aoc @nmhf`aj @nmhf`aj @krpkratfko @krpkratfko (@\@@) & Pfokpm` .....
74
0.0.3
MxxkoHkefj ...................................................... .................................
77
0.0.=
Dfoa Sm`nokjkgy Fo`. ............................................. ......................................................................... ............................
7>
0.0.4
Fostftut Drao`afs Cu\mtrkjm (FD\) .............................................. ....................................................... .........
7>
0.0.7
PAEF@........................................................... PAEF@... ........................................................ .....................................
76
0.0.>
]K\.................................................................................................... ]K\................................................ ....................................................
76
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs ....................................................... ............................................
><
3.1
EAPFP .................................................... ........................................................
><
3.1.1
\rf`fog Easfs .................................................. ...................................................................................... ....................................
><
3.1.5
Fovmsthmot Easfs ................................................ ................................................................................ ................................
>1
3.1.0
@kst kd \rkcu`tfko Easfs............................................ Easfs.................................................................... ........................
>1
5.=
0
3
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
ff
@kotmots
3.5
M@KOKHF@P .................................................. ................................................................................................ ..............................................
>5
3.5.1
Fovmsthmot............................................................... Fovmsthmot........... .................................................... ...........................
>5
3.5.5
@kst kd \rkcu`tfko kd Umdkrhatm ................................................ ....................................................... .......
>5
3.5.0
@kst kd \rkcu`tfko kd Emozmom ..................................................... .....
>6
3.5.3
Pmosftfvfty .................................................. .......................................................................................... ........................................
1<5
@KO@J]PFKOP...................................................... ......................................
1<4
....................................................................................................... ..................................................... Harbmt Aoajysfs ..................................................
1<>
=.1
A\\JF@ASFKOP .......................................................... .................................
1<>
=.1.1
Emozmom................................................... Emozmom .............................................................................................. ...........................................
1<>
=.1.5
Skjumom .................................................... ..........................................
110
]OFSMC PSASMP ...................................................... ...................................
113
=.5.1
@kosuhptfko ............................................ ...................................................................................... ..........................................
113
=.5.5
Puppjy ..................................................... ...........................................
11=
=.5.0
Puppjy, Cmhaoc aoc Sracm....................................... Sracm................................................................ .........................
117
WMPSMUO M]UK\M ........................................................ ............................
117
=.0.1
@kosuhptfko ............................................ ...................................................................................... ..........................................
117
=.0.5
Puppjy ..................................................... ...........................................
11>
=.0.0
Puppjy, Cmhaoc aoc Sracm....................................... Sracm................................................................ .........................
151
APFA \A@FDF@.................................................. \A@FDF@ .............................................................................................. ............................................
151
=.3.1
@kosuhptfko ............................................ ...................................................................................... ..........................................
151
=.3.5
Puppjy ..................................................... ...........................................
155
=.3.0
Puppjy, Cmhaoc aoc Sracm....................................... Sracm................................................................ .........................
154
3.0 =
=.5
=.0
=.3
Ap pmo cfx cf x
\agm
A
@nmhPystmhs @apftaj @kst Mstfhatms............. .................... .............. ............ ..... Mjmhmots kd Omxaot's @nmhPystmhs @apftaj
A-1
E
..................................................................................... ................................... \MU\ \rkgrah Sftjm Focmx ..................................................
E-1 E-1
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
fff fff
@kotmots
Dfgurm
\agm
1.1
Arkhatf`s Cfstrfeutfko fo Oko-@kovmotfkoaj Ukutms............................................... .
3
1.5
Mddm`t kd Ptmah @ra`bmr Dmmcstk`b ko Arkhatf`s Vfmjc ...........................................
=
1.0
Mddm`t kd Pmvmrfty ko Arkhatf`s Vfmjcs dkr a Dujj Uaogm Oapntna Dmmc...................
4
1.3
@kst kd \rkcu`tfko kd Umdkrhatm ..................................................... ..........................
>
1.=
Emozmom @kst kd \rkcu`tfko.......................................... .............................................
6
1.4
Emozmom tk Skjumom \rf`m Cmjta............................... Cmjta................................................................................. ..................................................
15
5.1
Pmhf-rmgmomratfvm Umdkrhmr \rk`mss Djkw Cfagrah ............................................. ............................................... ..
54
5.5
@kotfoukus @atajytf` Umdkrhfog \rk`mss Djkw Cfagrah......................................... Cfagrah .........................................
57
5.0
@y`jf` @atajytf` Umdkrhmr \rk`mss Djkw Cfagrah ....................................................
5>
5.3
Oapntna Nycrktrmatmr \rk`mss Djkw Cfagrah ................................................ ........................................................... ...........
0<
5.=
Mddm`t kd Ptmah @ra`bmr Dmmcstk`b ko Arkhatf`s Vfmjc ...........................................
0=
5.4
Mddm`t kd Pmvmrfty ko Arkhatf`s Vfmjcs dkr a Dujj Uaogm Oapntna Dmmc...................
04
5.7
Pnmjj/]K\ Pujdkjaom \rk`mss.................................. \rk`mss..................................................................................... ...................................................
31
5.>
Arkhatf`s Dra`tfkoatfko Pm`tfko................................................ ................................
30
5.6
ES^ Um`kvmry Ejk`b Djkw Cfagrah ................................................ ........................................................................ ........................
33
5.1< Hkrpnyjaom® Mxtra`tfvm Cfstfjjatfko \rk`mss Djkw Cfagrah ....................................
37
5.11 Cmtkj® ]oft Pfhpjfdfmc Djkwsnmmt ........................................... ............................................................................. ..................................
=1
5.15 Jftkj® ]oft Pfhpjfdfmc Djkwsnmmt ............................................ .............................................................................. ..................................
=0
5.10 Skjumom Cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko Sypf`aj Djkwsnmmt ............................................ ....................................................... ...........
=4
5.13 Ajpna \rk`mss Djkw Cfagrah .................................................... ................................
4<
5.1= ]K\/E\ @y`jar℥ Arkhatfzatfko \rk`mss Djkw Cfagrah .......................................
45
5.14 Arkhax® (@nmvrko \nfjjfps ) \araddfos tk ES^ \rk`mss Djkw Cfagrah.................... Cfagrah............... .....
4=
5.17 ]K\ UY-\jatdkrhfog \rk`mss Djkw Cfagrah............................................. Cfagrah............................................................ ...............
47
5.1> Arkhatf`s Cfstrfeutfko fo Oko-@kovmotfkoaj Ukutms............................................... .
46
0.1
Nfstkrf`aj @6 Arkhatf`s, Arkhatf`s, J\G aoc Emozmom Uaddfoatm Uaddfoatm \rf`fog \rf`fog (]PG@) .............. ................... .....
70
0.5
Fotmgratmc A\]/\yrkjysfs ]oft Ejk`b Djkw Cfagrah ...............................................
7=
3.1
Umdkrhatm @kst kd \rkcu`tfko .............................................. ................................................................................... .....................................
>0
3.5
Emozmom @kst kd \rkcu`tfko.......................................... .............................................
>6
3.0
@kst kd \rkcu`tfko kd Umdkrhatm ‐ Pmosftfvfty tk \rf`fog .........................................
1<5
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
fv
@kotmots
3.3
@kst kd \rkcu`tfko kd Emozmom ‐ Pmosftfvfty tk \rf`fog ............................................
1<0
3.=
Pmosftfvfty kd @kst kd \rkcu`tfko kd Umdkrhatm tk Dmmc \rf`m...................................
1<3
3.4
Pmosftfvfty kd @kst kd \rkcu`tfko kd Emozmom tk Dmmc \rf`m...................................... \rf`m......................... .............
1<=
3.7
Pmosftfvfty kd @kst kd \rkcu`tfko vfa SC\ tk Hfxmc ^yjmoms \rf`m..........................
1<=
3.>
Emozmom tk Skjumom \rf`m Cmjta............................... Cmjta................................................................................. ..................................................
1<4
=.1
].P. Emozmom Moc-]sm \attmro .................................................... ..............................
11=
=.5
Wmstmro Murkpm Emozmom Moc-]sm \attmro.......................................... \attmro................................................................ ......................
11>
=.0
Asfa \a`fdf` Emozmom Moc-]sm \attmro ................................................... ...................................................................... ...................
155
Saejm
\agm
1.1
Sypf`aj ES^ @khpksftfko drkh \ygas aoc Umdkrhatm............................ Umdkrhatm............................................. .................
1
1.5
Easf` Umjatfkosnfps fo @atajytf` Umdkrhfog ........................................... .............................................................. ...................
0
1.0
].P. Emozmom Puppjy, Cmhaoc aoc Sracm................................................................. Sracm...................... ...........................................
1<
1.3
Wmstmro Murkpm Emozmom Puppjy, Cmhaoc aoc Sracm ..............................................
1<
1.=
Asfa \a`fdf` Emozmom Puppjy, Cmhaoc aoc Sracm ................................................... .....................................................
11
1.4
Umdkrhatm \rk`mss Pmjm`tfko........................................... ...........................................
15
5.1
Sypf`aj ES^ @khpksftfko drkh \ygas aoc Umdkrhatm............................ Umdkrhatm............................................. .................
10
5.5
Jf`moskrs kd Arkhatf`s Sm`nokjkgy ................................................... .......................................................................... .......................
1=
5.0
Easf` Umjatfkosnfps fo @atajytf` Umdkrhfog ........................................... .............................................................. ...................
17
5.3
Umdkrhmr Vfmjc Drkh Hmcfuh Quajfty Dujj Uaogm Oapntna ....................................
05
5.=
Sypf`aj Vfmjcs kd ]K\‖s Umdkrhfog \rk`mssms......................................................... \rk`mssms........... ..............................................
00
5.4
Sypf`aj Vfmjcs kd Axmos‖ Umdkrhfog \rk`mssms ................................................... ........................................................ .....
00
5.7
Sypf`aj ]tfjftfms kd ]K\ aoc Axmos Umdkrhfog \rk`mssms .......................................
03
5.>
\yrkjysfs Gaskjfom Aoajysfs ................................................... ...................................................................................... ...................................
07
5.6
Mxtra`tfvm Cfstfjjatfko9 Mddm`t kd O-Dkrhyjhkrpnkjfom Pkjvmot ko Ekfjfog Smhpmraturms at Kom Athkspnmrm, ¼D........................................................................ ¼D............................... .........................................
0>
5.1< \rkpmrtfms kd Mxtra`tfko Cfstfjjatfko Pkjvmots.................................................. ..........
06
5.11 ES^ Um`kvmry Hatmrfaj Eajao`m (\ygas).................................................... ..............
35
5.15 ES^ Um`kvmry Hatmrfaj Eajao`m (Umdkrhatm) .................................................. .......................................................... ........
3=
5.10 Emozmom \rkcu`t Quajfty drkh drkh tnm K`tmoar ® \rk`mss................................................ \rk`mss.......... ......................................
3>
5.13 Nycrkcmajbyjatfko \rk`mssms .................................................... .................................
3>
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
v
@kotmots
5.1= Sypf`aj @khpksftfko kd Emozkjm .................................................... ...........................
=7
5.14 Arkhax® Umdkrhfog Cmsfgo \arahmtmrs .......................................... ................................................................... .........................
44
5.17 Arkhax® \rkcu`t Hfx vmrsus Dmmc @ut \kfot ............................................ ........................................................... ...............
44
0.1
A\] Vfmjcs aoc \rkcu`ts ................................................... .......................................................................................... .......................................
75
0.5
A\] Vfmjcs ................................................ ........................................................................................................ ........................................................ ........
73
3.1
\rf`m aoc ]tfjfty Easfs .................................................. ............................................................................................... .............................................
><
3.5
@apa`ftfms aoc Fovmsthmot ............................................ ......................................................................................... .............................................
>5
3.0
@kst kd \rkcu`tfko Mstfhatm dkr9 Umdkrhatm \rk`mss9 @kotfoukus @atajyst Umgmomratfko Umdkrhmr (fo`jucms Nycrktrmatmr).......
>3
@kst kd \rkcu`tfko Mstfhatm dkr9 Umdkrhatm \rk`mss9 UY \jatdkrhfog℥ .............................................. ........................................................................................ ..........................................
>4
@kst kd \rkcu`tfko Mstfhatm dkr9 Umdkrhatm \rk`mss9 @y`jar℥......................................... @y`jar℥............................................................................................ .............................................................. ...........
>7
@kst kd \rkcu`tfko Mstfhatm dkr9 Umdkrhatm \rk`mss9 Arkhax® ................................................. ...................................................................................................... .....................................................
>>
@kst kd \rkcu`tfko Mstfhatm dkr9 Umdkrhatm \rk`mss9 Ajpna ....................................................... ....................................................
6<
@kst kd \rkcu`tfko Mstfhatm dkr9 Emozmom \rk`mss9 Umdkrhatm Mxtra`tfko (Pujdkjaom) pjus ES^ Cfstfjjatfko ............................
65
@kst kd \rkcu`tfko Mstfhatm dkr9 Emozmom \rk`mss9 Pkjvmot Mxtra`tfko kd \ygas ...................................................... ..................
60
3.1< @kst kd \rkcu`tfko Mstfhatm dkr9 Emozmom \rk`mss9 Mxtra`tfvm Cfstfjjatfko kd \ygas................................................. \ygas ................................................................... ..................
6=
3.11 @kst kd \rkcu`tfko Mstfhatm dkr9 Emozmom \rk`mss9 Eujb Cmajbyjatfko kd \ygas ....................................................... ..................
64
3.15 @kst kd \rkcu`tfko Mstfhatm dkr9 Emozmom \rk`mss9 Jftkj \rk`mss (drkh `kbm kvmo jfgnt kfj)................................................ kfj) ...................................................... ......
67
3.10 @kst kd \rkcu`tfko Mstfhatm dkr9 Emozmom \rk`mss9 Skjumom Nycrkcmajbyjatfko (SNCA) ....................................................... ...
66
3.13 @kst kd \rkcu`tfko Mstfhatm dkr9 Emozmom \rk`mss9 Skjumom Cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko (SC\) ............................................................ .
1<<
3.1= @kst kd \rkcu`tfko Mstfhatm dkr9 Emozmom \rk`mss9 Pmjm`tfvm Skjumom Cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko (PSC\)............................................
1<1
3.14 Umdkrhatm \rk`mss Pmjm`tfko Hatrfx................................... Hatrfx.......................................................................... .......................................
1<7
=.1
114
3.3 3.= 3.4 3.7 3.> 3.6
].P. Emozmom aoc Skjumom @apa`fty, 5<<4..................................... 5<<4................................................................ ...........................
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
vf
@kotmots
=.5
].P. Emozmom Puppjy, Cmhaoc aoc Sracm................................................................. Sracm...................... ...........................................
117
=.0
Wmstmro Murkpm Emozmom aoc Skjumom @apa`fty, 5<<4............................................. 5<<4 .............................................
15<
=.3
Wmstmro Murkpm Emozmom Puppjy, Cmhaoc aoc Sracm ..............................................
151
=.=
Asfa \a`fdf` Emozmom aoc Skjumom @apa`fty, 5<<4 ............................................... ................................................... ....
150
=.4
Asfa \a`fdf` Emozmom Puppjy, Cmhaoc aoc Sracm ................................................... .....................................................
154
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
vff vff
Pm`tfko Pm`tfko 1 1.1
Mxm`utfvm Puhhary
FOSUKC]@SFKO
Arkhatf`s arm prkcu`mc as `kprkcu`ts fo rmdfomry `atajytf` rmdkrhmrs, kjmdfos pjaots, `kaj tar prk`mssfog, aoc tkjumom cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko (SC\) uofts. Fo accftfko, ko-purpksm suppjfms kd emozmom arm prkcu`mc vfa tkjumom nycrkcmajbyjatfko (SNCA) uofts. SNCA uofts u ofts arm tnm swfog skur`m aoc usmc wnmo emozmom suppjy fs tfgnt aoc prf`ms gmt nfgn mokugn tk iustfdy tnm m`kokhf`s kd tnksm pjaots. Aekut 7< pmr`mot kd tnm gjkeaj prkcu`tfko kd emozmom fs ey mxtra`tfko drkh mftnmr rmdkrhatm kr pyrkjysfs gaskjfom (pygas). Umdkrhatm fs dkrhmc fo tnm `atajytf` rmdkrhfog kd oapntna, a tm`nokjkgy prfharfjy cfrm`tmc at tnm prkcu`tfko kd nfgn k`taom gaskjfom `khpkomots. \ygas fs a jfqufc eyprkcu`t dkrhmc fo tnm prkcu`tfko kd kjmdfos ey stmah `ra`bfog jfqufc dmmcs, su`n as oapntna kr gas kfj. Mtnyjmom pjaots typf`ajjy kpmratm omar dujj `apa`fty, eut tnm dmmcstk`b sjatm hay vary cmpmocfog ko harbmt `kocftfkos. Mxtra`tfko drkh rmdkrhatm rmdkrhatm aoc pygas arm tnm hkst m`kokhf`aj skur`ms kd emozmom. Snm `khpksftfko kd ES^ (emozmom, tkjumom aoc xyjmoms) cmpmocs ko tnm skur`m. Saejm 1.1 `khparms ES^ drkh pygas aoc rmdkrhatm. \ygas fs typf`ajjy rf`n fo emozmom, wnmrmas xyjmoms aoc tkjumom arm tnm hafo `khpkomots kd rmdkrhatm.
Saejm 1.1 Sypf`aj ES^ @khpksftfko drkh \ygas aoc Umdkrhatm (Wmfgnt \mr`mot)
\ygas¶
ES^ `kotmot `kotmot Emozmom Skjumom ^yjmoms
Umdkrhatm
Ptaocarc Pmvmrfty
Hmcfuh Pmvmrfty
@@Uµ
PU°
=> 3> 00 16
35 33 01 5=
=1 17 06 33
35 13 06 37
Sypf`aj Cmhaoc Ppjft
36 50 5>
¶ Easmc ko `ra`bfog dujj raogm oapntna µ @kotfoukus `atajytf` rmgmomratfvm rmgmomratfvm rmdkrh rmdkrhmr mr ° Pmhf-rmgmomratfvm rmdkrhmr
Saejm 1.1 ajsk vmry rkugnjy rkugnjy snkws tnm gjkeaj cmhaoc dkr ES^ prkcu`ts. Fo gmomraj, emozmom fs prmsmot fo tnm hafo dmmcstk`bs fo prkpkrtfkos jkwmr tnao harbmt cmhaoc, wnmrmas tkjumom fs fo `kosfcmraejm mx`mss, as arm xyjmoms. Sk skhm mxtmot tnfs fheajao`m fs `krrm`tmc ey tnmfr rmjatfvm vajums as gaskjfom `khpkomots em`ausm rmdfomrs navm tnm kptfko kd mxtra`tfog ES^ as `nmhf`aj
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
1
Pm`tfko 1
Mxm`utfvm Puhhary Puhhary
prkcu`ts kr ejmocfog tnmh fo dumj. ^yjmoms aoc tkjumom arm hkrm vajuaejm as ejmocstk`bs tnao emozmom, aoc tnm emozmom `kotmot ` kotmot fo gaskjfom fs rmstrf`tmc dkr movfrkohmotaj rmaskos.
1.5
\UKC]@SFKO KD UMDKUHASM
Snm tmrh "rmdkrhfog" fs usmc tk cmsfgoatm a prk`mss ey wnf`n tnm hkjm`ujar stru`turm kd oapntna fs `naogmc, wftn tnm fotmot kd jmssmofog tnm bok`bfog tmocmo`y (f.m. rafsfog tnm k`taom ouhemr) kd oapntna fotmocmc dkr usm fo fotmroaj `kheustfko mogfoms. K`taom ratfog kd uojmacmc gaskjfom fs rmjatmc tk tnm `nmhf`aj stru`turm kd fts `kostftumot nycrk`arekos. Arkhatf`s aoc nmavfjy erao`nmc paraddfos pa raddfos navm tnm nfgnmst k`taom. Pfo`m hkst strafgnt-ruo oapntna fs jkw fo arkhatf`s (= tk 1< pmr`mot) aoc k`taom (aekut =< (UKO + HKO)/5), tnm `nmhf`aj `khpksftfko ommcs tk em `naogmc, ey rmdkrhfog, tk fo`rmasm tnm yfmjc kd arkhatf`s. arkhatf`s. Snm prk`mss fs ajsk ajsk wfcmjy usmc dkr syotnmsfzfog arkhatf`s dkr tnm `nmhf`aj focustry drkh smjm`tmc oapntna dra`tfkos.
1.5.1
@kovmotfkoaj
Mssmotfajjy ajj kd tnm emozmom, tkjumom aoc hfxmc xyjmoms (ES^) rm`kvmrmc fo ao kfj rmdfomry fs prkcu`mc fo tnm `atajytf` rmdkrhfog uoft (ektn `kotfoukus `atajytf` rmgmomratfvm (@@U) aoc smhfrmgmomratfvm (PU) typms). Fo a rmdfomry wnf`n fs okt fotmgratmc fotk pmtrk`nmhf`aj prkcu`tfko, tnm rmdkrhatm prkcu`t, kr @=+ strmah, `kotafofog emozmom aoc nmavfmr arkhatf`s, fs utfjfzmc as a nfgn k`taom gaskjfom ejmocstk`b. Fo rm`mot ymars, tnm utfjfzatfko utfjfzatfko kd emozmom fo tnm ].P. gaskjfom gaskjfom pkkj nas cm`rmasmc as a rmsujt kd tnm jfhfts pja`mc ko emozmom `kotmot fo gaskjfom ey movfrkohmotaj rmgujatfkos. Haoy ].P. rmdfomrfms tnat tnat arm okt fotmgratmc wftn arkhatf`s prkcu`tfko prkcu`tfko rmhkvm tnm emozmom prm`urskrs upstrmah kd tnm rmdkrhfog uoft, wnf`n hfofhfzms emozmom jmvmjs fo rmdkrhatm. Snm emozmom prm`urskrs arm typf`ajjy utfjfzmc as fskhmrfzatfko uoft dmmcstk`b dkr fo`krpkratfko fotk tnm gaskjfom pkkj. @kovmrsmjy, rmdfomrfms tnat tnat arm fotmgratmc wftn wftn arkhatf`s prkcu`tfko haxfhfzm tnm prkcu`tfko kd emozmom fo tnm rmdkrhmr uoft. Emozmom prkcu`tfko `ao vary easmc ko rmdkrhmr kpmratfog ratms aoc smaskoaj cmhaoc dkr gaskjfom, dmmcstk`b sjatm aoc smvmrfty kd tnm kpmratfkos. \rkcu`tfko drkh tnfs skur`m fs mxpm`tmc tk grkw tra`bfog gaskjfom `kosuhptfko grkwtn. Snm kojy cfddmrmo`m fo kpmratfkos dkr arkhatf`s prkcu`tfko aoc hktkr dumj prkcu`tfko fs fo tnm `nkf`m kd kpmratfog parahmtmrs (mspm`fajjy dmmcstk`b smjm`tfko) tk haxfhfzm tnm yfmjcs kd ES^. Fo a typf`aj rmdkrhfog prk`mss, tnm rma`tfkos fo`jucm cmnycrkgmoatfko, cmnycrk`y`jfzatfko, fskhmrfzatfko aoc nycrk`ra`bfog. Snm cmnycrkgmoatfko rma`tfko typf`ajjy wfjj em tnm cmnycrkfskhmrfzatfko kd ajbyj`y`jkpmotaoms tk arkhatf`s, tnm cmnycrkgmoatfko kd paraddfos tk kjmdfos, tnm cmnycrkgmoatfko kd `y`jknmxaoms tk arkhatf`s, aoc tnm cmnycrk`y`jfzatfko kd paraddfos tk arkhatf`s. Snm arkhatfzatfko kd tnm okrhaj paraddfos tk arkhatf`s fs gmomrajjy `kosfcmrmc tk em tnm hkst fhpkrtaot em`ausm kd tnm nfgn k`taom kd tnm rmsujtfog arkhatf` prkcu`t `khparmc tk tnm jkw jkw k`taom ratfogs dkr okrhaj paraddfos. Snm fskhmrfzatfko rma`tfkos rma`tfkos fo`jucm fskhmrfzatfko kd okrhaj paraddfos tk fskparaddfos aoc tnm fskhmrfzatfko kd suestftutmc arkhatf`s. Snm nycrk`ra`bfog rma`tfkos fo`jucm tnm nycrk`ra`bfog kd paraddfos aoc nycrkcmsujdurfzatfko kd aoy sujdur tnat fs rmhafofog fo tnm dmmcstk`b.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
5
Pm`tfko 1
Mxm`utfvm Puhhary Puhhary
Snm rma`tfko bfomtf`s arm su`n tnat oapntnmom cmnycrkgmoatfko fs tnm dastmst aoc paraddfo cmnycrk`y`jfzatfko fs tnm sjkwmst. Wnfjm kpmratfog wftnfo tnmsm ekuocarfms nycrk`ra`bfog kd paraddfos aoc oapntnmoms ajsk k``urs. Nkwmvmr, dkr a gfvmo `atajyst, jkwmr kpmratfog prmssurms wfjj cmmhpnasfzm nycrk`ra`bfog, aoc tnus habm ft pkssfejm tk a`nfmvm emttmr yfmjcs. Snm haxfhuh pktmotfaj yfmjcs kd arkhatf`s tnat `kujc em ketafomc drkh oapntnmoms aoc paraddfos fd nycrk`ra`bfog `kujc em supprmssmc arm a rm cmtmrhfomc cm tmrhfomc ey tnm tnmrhkcyoahf` tnm rhkcyoahf` mqufjferfa mq ufjferfa dkr arkhatfzatfko rma`tfkos. Snmsm cata snkw, dfrst, dfrst, tnat `krrmspkocfog arkhatf` yfmjcs drkh tnm varfkus `jassms kd `khpkuocs dkjjkw tnm krcmr (drkh nfgnmst tk jkwmst) ajbyj`y`jknmxaoms, ajbyj`y`jkpmotaoms, paraddfos. Pm`koc, arkhatf` yfmjcs fo`rmasm wftn tnm ouhemr kd `areko atkhs pmr hkjm`ujm2 emozmom drkh @4 paraddfo nas a jkwmr yfmjc tnao tkjumom drkh @ 7 paraddfo. Snfrc, dkr a gfvmo rma`taot, tnm pktmotfaj arkhatf`s yfmjc fo`rmasms as tnm nycrkgmo partfaj prmssurm fs cm`rmasmc. As tnm `atajyst agms, ft fs om`mssary tk `naogm tnm prk`mss kpmratfog `kocftfkos tk hafotafo tnm rma`tfko smvmrfty aoc tk supprmss uocmsfrmc rma`tfkos. Snm easf` rmjatfkosnfps rmjatfkosnfps arm snkwo fo Saejm 1.5.
Saejm 1.5 Easf` Umjatfkosnfps fo @atajytf` Umdkrhfog Uma`tfko Uma`tfko Uma`tfko ratm Nmat Nmat mddm`t
Nycrk`ra`bfog Pjkwmst Mxktnmrh Mxktnmrhf` f`
Fskhmrfzatfko Uapfc Hfjcjy Mxktnmrhf`
Cmnycrk`y`jfzatfko Pjkw Hfjcjy Mocktnmrhf`
Afcs Afcs Nfocmrs
Okom Afcs Nfocmrs
Nfocmrs Afcs Nfocmrs
Aeskre Fo`rmasm Cm`rmasm Tarfms Fo`rmasm
Okom Fo`rmasm Cm`rmasm Fo`rmasm Fo`rmasm
Mvkjvms Cm`rmasm Fo`rmasm Cm`rmasm Fo`rmasm
Oapntnmom Fskhmrfzatfko Cmnycrkgmoatfko Uapfc Dastmst Hfjcjy fjcjy Quftm Quftm Mxktnmrhf` Mocktnmrhf`
Mddm`t kd9 Nfgn prmssurm Nfgn tmhpmraturm Nfgn spa`m vmjk`fty vmjk`fty
Okom Afcs Nfocmrs
Nfocmrs Afcs Nfocmrs
Okom Cm`rmasm Fo`rmasm Fo`rmasm Cm`rmasm
Mvkjvms Cm`rmasm Fo`rmasm Cm`rmasm Fo`rmasm
Mddm`t ko9 Nycrkgmo prkcu`tfko prkcu`tfko UT\ UT\ Cmosfty Tkjuhm yfmjc yfmjc K`taom
1.5.5
\rkcu`tfko kd Arkhatf` vfa Oko-@kovmotfkoaj Ukutms
Snmrm mxfst smvmraj oko`kovmotfkoaj rkutms tk `kovmrt jkw vajum rmdfomry eyprkcu`ts tk emozmom, tkjumom, aoc xyjmoms. Snmsm navm emmo cmvmjkpmc aoc `khhmr`fajfzmc ey varfkus `khpaofms kvmr tnm past smvmraj ymars aoc fo`jucm9
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
0
Pm`tfko 1
Mxm`utfvm Puhhary Puhhary
Asanf @nmhf`aj‖s Ajpna \rk`mss, wnf`n nas emmo kpmratfog at tnm `khpaoy‖s Hfzusnfha `khpjmx fo Kbayaha, Iapao, sfo`m 1660, mhpjkyfog ao kjmdfof` dmmc (jf`mosmc ey Ptkom & Wmestmr). Snm dfrst `khhmr`faj kpmratfko kd E\/]K\‖s @y`jar SH \rk`mss was fo 1666 at Paucf Easf` Focustrfms @krpkratfko (PAEF@). @\ @nmh‖s Arkhax® \rk`mss, wnf`n fs kpmratfog at fts \as`agkuja rmdfomry, at Paucf @nmvrko \nfjjfps @nmhf`aj usfog a sm`koc gmomratfko Arkhax® `atajyst aoc at @M\PA, Ppafo. ]K\‖s UY \jatdkrhfogSH prk`mss startmc up fts dfrst `khhmr`faj uoft fo tnm sm`koc quartmr kd 166>.
Ma`n kd tnm tm`nokjkgfms fs cms`rfemc erfmdjy fo fo tnm rmpkrt tnat dkjjkws. Snm ES^ cfstrfeutfko dkr ma`n kd tnm oko-`kovmotfkoaj rkutms fs `khparmc wftn a `kovmotfkoaj @@U rmdkrhatm (UKO81<5) cfstrfeutfko fo Dfgurm 1.1. As `ao em smmo fo tnm dfgurm, dfgurm, emozmom prkcu`tfko drkh tnm ® Arkhax prk`mss fs sfgofdf`aotjy hkrm tnao drkh tnm Ajpna prk`mss (f.m. 4= pmr`mot vmrsus 0< pmr`mot). Snm emozmom prkcu`tfko drkh tnm @y`jar SH aoc UY \jatdkrhfogSH prk`mssms fs sfhfjar aoc jkwmr tnao tnmsm twk prk`mssms. Snm @@U rkutm prkcu`ms tnm jmast ahkuot kd emozmom at tnm suggmstmc `kovmrsfko.
Dfgur m 1.1 Ar khatf kh atf`s `s Cfs trfe tr fe utfk ut fk o fo f o Ok o-@k ov mot fkoaj fk oaj Uku tms 1<<% ><% 4<% 3<% 5<% <% @@U
@V@JAU Emozmom
UY \JASDKUHFOG
Skjumom
Hfxmc xmc ^yj ^yjm moms
AU AUKHA^
AJ\NA
@6+ Ark Arkh hatf`s
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nar t s.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
3
Pm`tfko 1
1.0
Mxm`utfvm Puhhary Puhhary
\UKC]@SFKO DUKH \VUKJVPFP GAPKJFOM
\yrkjysfs gaskjfom kr pygas fs prkcu`mc as a eyprkcu`t kd kjmdfos prkcu`tfko ey tnm stmah `ra`bfog kd oapntna kr gas kfj kfj dmmcstk`bs. \ygas `kotafos a nfgn prkpkrtfko kd arkhatf`s, prfharfjy emozmom aoc tkjumom, aoc a shajjmr ahkuot kd hfxmc xyjmoms wnf`n tnmhsmjvms `ao `kotafo up tk 3< pmr`mot mtnyjemozmom. \ygas ajsk `kotafos sfgofdf`aot quaotftfms kd cfkjmdfof` hatmrfajs, wnf`n tmoc tk dkrh guh ko staocfog dkr aoy pmrfkc kd tfhm, mvmo at ahefmot `kocftfkos. Snmsm cfkjmdfof` hatmrfajs arm rmhkvmc (ey rma`tfko tk kjmdfos aoc paraddfos) ey a dfrst stagm nycrktrmathmot, wnf`n dkr tnfs aoajysfs fs assuhmc tk tk em fo`jucmc fo tnm kjmdfos uoft uoft ftsmjd. A sm`koc stagm kd nycrktrmathmot fs om`mssary emdkrm tnm pygas fs suftaejm dkr arkhatf`s mxtra`tfko2 tnm `ksts kd tnfs ckwostrmah prk`mssfog arm hkrm prkpmrjy ekrom ey tnm prkcu`mc arkhatf`s. Vfmjcs kd pygas arm cmtmrhfomc ey tnm smvmrfty kd tnm `ra`bfog kpmratfko, aoc tnm `khpksftfko kd tnm dmmcstk`bs. Ektn kd tnmsm da`tkrs arm arm tnmhsmjvms cmtmrhfomc ey tnm kvmrajj m`kokhf`s kd tnm pjaot wftn arkhatf`s a rkhatf`s prkcu`tfko kd sm`kocary fhpkrtao`m. Snm mddm`t kd tnm varfkus va rfkus dmmcs ko tnm arkhatf`s yfmjcs fs snkwo snkwo fo Dfgurm 1.5. Fo gmomraj tnm nmavfmr tnm dmmc, tnm hkrm arkhatf`s arm prkcu`mc.
Dfgur m 1.5 Mddm`t kd Ptmah @ra`bmr @ra`bmr Dmmcstk` Dmmcstk` b ko A rkhatf`s Vfmjc <.4< m <.=< o m j y n t M<.3< d k o k S <.0< r m \ o k <.5< S
<.1< <.<< mtnaom
prkp rkpaom
o-eu -eutaom
EMOYMOM
jfgnt oapntna
SKJ]M J]MOM
dujj raogm oapntna ^VJMOM JMOMP P
jfgnt jfgnt AGK
NTG NTGK
KSNMU
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nar t s.xjs
Snm mddm`t kd fo`rmasfog smvmrfty kd tnm `ra`bmr kpmratfko fs tk fo`rmasm tnm yfmjc kd arkhatf`s. Snfs fs snkwo fo Dfgurm 1.0 dkr a dujj raogm oapntna (DUO) dmmcstk`b. Snm smvmrfty (cmdfomc ey tnm prkpyjmom tk mtnyjmom ratfk) fs varfmc drkh a nfgn smvmrfty kpmratfko (\/M8<.3>) tk a hmcfuh smvmrfty (\/M8<.=6). Snm ES^ `kotmot fs jkwmrmc drkh 46 tk 35 pmr`mot kd tnm pygas aoc tnm
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
=
Pm`tfko 1
Mxm`utfvm Puhhary Puhhary
emozmom crkps drkh 06 tk 16 pmr`mot. As tnm yfmjc kd mtnyjmom fs ajsk fo`rmasfog, tnm ratfk kd arkhatf`s tk mtnyjmom dajjs aoc tnmo rfsms.
Dfgur m 1.0 Mddm`t kd Pmvmrfty ko Arkhatf`s Vfmjcs dkr a Dujj Uaogm Oapntna Oapntna Dmmc Dmmc 1.5 \/M8<.=6<
1.< m o m j y <.> n t M d k o <.4 k S r m \ o <.3 k S
\/M8<.=3< \/M8<.=14 \/M8<.37>
<.5 <.< NFGN
PSAOCAUC EMOYM MOYMOM OM
FOSMUHMCFASM
SKJ] SKJ]M MOM
^VJMOM JMOMP
HMCF]H
KSNMU
Q5<7[<<1<1 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nart .<<<7.31<4[`nart s.xjs
1.3
AUKHASF@P AUKHA SF@P M^SUA@SFKO M^SUA @SFKO
Ft fs om`mssary tk usm a skjvmot mxtra`tfko tm`nofqum tk rm`kvmr ES^ prkcu`ts kd `khhmr`faj quajfty, sfo`m arkhatf`s aoc okoarkhatf`s hay navm sfhfjar ekfjfog pkfots aoc dkrh azmktrkpms. Adtmr mxtra`tfko, tnm ES^ prkcu`ts `ao em smparatmc, fd om`mssary, ey cfstfjjatfko. Snmrm arm tnrmm easf` typms kd skjvmot mxtra`tfko systmhs9
Azmktrkpf` cfstfjjatfko, wnf`n usms a jkw ekfjfog pkfot skjvmot wftn ao addfofty dkr okoarkhatf`s. Snm skjvmot fs cfstfjjmc kvmrnmac wftn tnm okoarkhatf` raddfoatm. raddfoatm. Mxtra`tfvm cfstfjjatfko (MC), wnf`n mhpjkys a nfgn ekfjfog pkfot skjvmot wftn ao addfofty dkr arkhatf`s. Snm fodjumo`m tnat a skjvmot nas ko tnm ekfjfog tmhpmraturm kd tnm varfkus `khpkomots fs sfgofdf`aot. Dkr emozmom tnm ekfjfog tmhpmraturm fo`rmasms ey ajhkst 1<<¼D, wnmrmas dkr `y`jknmxaom tnm cmjta fs aekut 10¼D. Snus, tnm okoarkhatf`s `ao em cfstfjjmc kvmrnmac, wnmrmas tnm ekttkhs prkcu`t wfjj `kosfst kd skjvmot jkacmc wftn arkhatf`s. Snm arkhatf`s `ao tnmo em smparatmc drkh tnm skjvmot ey cfstfjjatfko. cfstfjjatfko. Fo tnm MC stmp, tnm jfgnt okoarkhatf`s arm prmdmrmotfajjy rmhkvmc em`ausm kd tnmfr jkwmr ekfjfog pkfot, ajtnkugn tnfs `ao em partjy pa rtjy `khpmosatmc dkr ey a nfgn jfgnt/nmavy smjm`tfvfty kd tnm skjvmot. As a rmsujt, rmsujt, tnm arkhatf`s prkcu`t `kotafos rmjatfvmjy shajj quaotftfms kd jfgnt okoarkhatf`s. Snfs hmaos tnat a emozmom kd rmaskoaejm quajfty hay em ketafomc drkh @4-
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
4
Pm`tfko 1
Mxm`utfvm Puhhary Puhhary
@> `ut, eut tnm tkjumom aoc xyjmoms wkujc em pkkrmr quajfty. Dkr tnfs rmasko, MC fs fs okrhajjy usmc wnmo tnm dmmc fs a nmart `ut kd tnm apprkprfatm ekfjfog raogm.
Jfqufc/jfqufc skjvmot mxtra`tfko (JJM), wnf`n usms skjvmots tnat dkrh a smparatm jfqufc pnasm. Arkhatf`s arm `kosfcmraejy hkrm skjuejm tnao okoarkhatf`s fo tnm skjvmots mhpjkymc. Snm arkhatf`s arm mxtra`tmc drkh drkh tnm dmmc strmah fo a jfqufc/jfqufc `kota`tkr, aoc tnm mxtra`t strmah fs strfppmc strfppmc tk rm`kvmr tnm arkhatf` prkcu`t aoc tnm skjvmot. Fo tnfs `asm, tnm arkhatf` prkcu`t wkujc tmoc tk em hkrm `kotahfoatmc ey tnm jfgnt okoarkhatf`s tnat arm prmdmrmotfajjy strfppmc kdd fo tnm sm`koc stagm. Dkr jfqufc/jfqufc mxtra`tfko, a jkw jfgnt/nmavy smjm`tfvfty fs rmqufrmc (f.m. dmwmr jfgnt okoarkhatf`s pass fotk tnm skjvmot).
Wftnfo ma`n typm, tnmrm arm a ouhemr kd skjvmots avafjaejm. Nkwmvmr, dkr a gfvmo prk`mss cmsfgo tnm skjvmot typm fs okt rmpja`maejm. rmpja`maejm. JJM fs usuajjy usuajjy mhpjkymc wnmrm rm`kvmry kd emozmom aoc tkjumom arm fhpkrtaot wftn wftn rmspm`t tk yfmjc aoc quajfty. MC fs usuajjy mhpjkymc wnmrm tnm bmy prkcu`t fs emozmom aoc/kr tnm yfmjc fs okt sk `rftf`aj. Snm `khpjmhmotary dmaturms kd tnm MC aoc tnm jfqufc/jfqufc mxtra`tfko systmhs arm kdtmo `khefomc wnmo mxtra`tfko kd tnm dujj ES^ raogm raogm fs rmqufrmc. Fo tnfs `asm, tnm mxtra`t drkh drkh tnm jfqufc/jfqufc stagm passms tk ao MC `kjuho, wnmrm okoarkhatf`s aoc skhm arkhatf`s arm rmhkvmc as kvmrnmacs prkcu`t, wnf`n rm`y`jms tk tnm jfqufc/jfqufc mxtra`tfko stagm. Snm ekttkhs prkcu`t drkh tnm MC `kjuho passms tk a strfppmr tk smparatm tnm purfdfmc arkhatf`s aoc tnm skjvmot. Fo gmomraj JJM prk`mssms arm hkrm `apftaj fotmosm aoc navm nfgnmr utfjfty rmqufrmhmots, eut prkcu`m a nfgnmr prkcu`t yfmjc aoc arm suftaejm dkr ES^ smparatfko. MC prk`mssms navm jkwmr `apftaj rmqufrmhmots aoc jkwmr utfjfty rmqufrmhmots. Snm MC prk`mssms tmoc tk gfvm a jkwmr prkcu`t yfmjc aoc arm suftaejm dkr emozmom smparatfko. JJM fs okrhajjy smjm`tmc wnmrm tnmrm fs a ommc dkr nfgn quajfty, nfgn yfmjc kd tkjumom, partf`ujarjy dkr suesmqumot `kovmrsfko (m.g. SC\).
1.=
CMAJBVJASFKO
Snm harbmt cmhaoc dkr emozmom, as a prkpkrtfko kd tktaj ES^, fs nfgnmr tnao tnm prkpkrtfko kd emozmom fo typf`aj ES^ prkcu`ts. @kovmrsfko kd tkjumom aoc, tk a jmssmr mxtmot, xyjmoms, fs pra`tf`mc ey twk easf` tm`nofqums9
Nycrkcmajbyjatfko fovkjvms strfppfog tnm hmtnyj grkups drkh tkjumom kr xyjmoms tk prkcu`m emozmom aoc hmtnaom. Ajtnkugn okt purmjy cmajbyjatfko, tnm tkpf` kd tkjumom cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko fs ajsk fo`jucmc uocmr tnfs nmacfog as a cfs`rmtfkoary hmtnkc hmtnkc kd prkcu`fog emozmom. Snm tkjumom fs `kovmrtmc tk emozmom aoc xyjmoms fo tnfs prk`mss.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
7
Pm`tfko 1
Mxm`utfvm Puhhary Puhhary
1.4
M@KOKHF@P
1.4.1
Umdkrhatm
Snm `ksts kd prkcu`tfko dkr tnm varfkus tm`nokjkgfms dkr prkcu`fog rmdkrhatm navm emmo cmvmjkpmc at a wkrjc s`ajm pjaot `apa`fty kd =<< bta. Kd tnm dfvm typms kd tm`nokjkgfms rmvfmwmc nmrmfo, wm navm snkwo tnat tnm m`kokhf`s `ao vary wfcmjy. Snfs raogm kd m`kokhf` pmrdkrhao`m fs `jmarjy smmo fo Dfgurm 1.3, wnmrm ajj dfvm prk`mssms arm vfmwmc v fmwmc ko k o a sfcm-ey-sfcm ® easfs. Arkhax fs tnm jkw `kst prk`mss wnf`n fs `kosfstmot wftn prmvfkus \MU\ rmpkrts (<5/<0=). @@U SH aoc UY \jatdkrhfogSH navm mssmotfajjy tnm sahm jkw `kst kd prkcu`tfko. @y`jar SH fs tnm nfgnmst `kst rkutm tk rmdkrhatm, wnf`n `kodfrhs tnm rmsujts drkh Omxaot‖s prmvfkus \MU\ rmpkrt (<5/<0-=). Fd a 0< pmr`mot pmr`mot cfs`kuot fs appjfmc tk tnm J\G dmmcstk`b prf`m (prf`fog kom hfgnt dfoc fo tnm Hfccjm Mast), tnm @y`jar SH m`kokhf`s arm `khpmtftfvm wftn tnm jkw `kst tm`nokjkgfms. Ft fs fhpkrtaot tk oktm tnat tnm m`kokhf`s prmsmotmc nmrmfo arm fo mssmo`m a ‚soapsnkt‘ fo tfhm. Fo Dfgurm 1.3 wm navm trfmc tk hftfgatm tnfs ey `khparfog tnm dkurtn quartmr 5<<4 `ksts wftn tnm dfvm-ymar nfstkrf`aj avmragms dkr dmmc aoc prkcu`t prf`ms. Fo ma`n aoajysfs tnm rmsujts snkw sfhfjar, eut jkwmr `ksts kd prkcu`tfko wnmo usfog tnm =-ymar avmragm.
Dfgur m 1.3 @kst kd \rkcu`tf ko kd Umdkrhatm (=<< bta ]PG@) 0.<< 5.=< o k 5.<< j a G r m \1.=< s r a j k C1.<<
<.=< <.<< AU AUKHA^
@@U
UY \JASDKUHFOG 3Q5<<4 5<<4
AJ AJ\NA
@V@JAU
= Vr Avg
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nar t s.xjs
1.4.5
Emozmom/Skjumom
Snm `ksts kd prkcu`tfko kd emozmom drkh varfkus skur`ms mhpjkyfog cfddmrmot tm`nokjkgfms arm suhharfzmc fo Dfgurm 1.=. Snm 5<<4 `ksts raogm drkh a jkw kd $5.<6 pmr gajjko ($454 pmr hmtrf`
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
>
Pm`tfko 1
Mxm`utfvm Puhhary Puhhary
tko) dkr smjm`tfvm tkjumom cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko (PSC\) tk a nfgn kd $0.15 pmr gajjko ($603 pmr hmtrf` tko) dkr eujb cmajbyjatfko kd pyrkjysfs gaskjfom. Ft fs fhpkrtaot tk oktm tnat tnm m`kokhf`s prmsmotmc nmrmfo arm fo mssmo`m a ‚soapsnkt‘ fo tfhm. Fo Dfgurm 1.= wm navm trfmc tk hftfgatm tnfs ey `khparfog tnm dkurtn quartmr 5<<4 `ksts wftn tnm dfvm-ymar nfstkrf`aj avmragms dkr dmmc aoc prkcu`t prf`ms. Fo ma`n aoajysfs tnm rmsujts snkw sfhfjar, eut jkwmr `ksts kd prkcu`tfko wnmo usfog tnm =-ymar avmragm.
Dfgur m 1.= Emozmom @kst kd \rkcu`t fko (003 bta, ]PG@) 0.=< 0.<< 5.=<
o k j j a G5.<< r m \ s 1.=< r a j j k C
1.<< <.=< <.<< PM PM \ygas \ygas MC \ygas Umdkrhatm
Cmajb Cmajby y \ygas
3Q5<<4 5<<4
Jftkj
SNCA
SC\
PSC\
= Vr Avg
Q5<7[<<1<1 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nart .<<<7.31<4[`nart s.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
6
Pm`tfko 1
Mxm`utfvm Puhhary Puhhary
1.7
@KHHMU@FAJ AOAJVPFP
1.7.1
]oftmc Ptatms
Wftn jfhftmc pjaos dkr omw arkhatf`s `apa`fty fo tnm duturm, tnm ]oftmc Ptatms fs mxpm`tmc tk rmhafo tnm jargmst omt fhpkrtmr fo fo tnm rmgfko. Kpmratfog ratms navm rm`kvmrmc drkh tnm nurrf`aoms kd 5<<=. Snm ]oftmc Ptatms suppjy aoc cmhaoc eajao`m fs snkwo fo Saejm 1.0.
Saejm 1.0 ].P. Emozmom Puppj y, Cmhaoc aoc Sracm (Snkusaoc hmtrf` tkos) 5<<1
5<<5
5<<0
5<<3
5<<=
5<<4
5<<7
5<<>
5<<6
Dfrh @apa`fty Ppm`ujatfvm @apa`fty Sktaj @apa`f ty
6,>75 < 6,>75
6,7=3 < 6,7=3
6,7=0 < 6,7=0
6,4>< < 6,4><
6,=30 < 6,=30
6,4=3 < 6,4=3
6,4=3 1=1 6,><=
6,4>< 5=< 6,60<
6,4=3 6,4=3 0<1 =<1 6,6=3 1<,1=3
\rkcu \rk cu`tf `tf ko Kpmratfog Kpmratfog Uatm
4,>33 46%
7,06> 74%
7,>6> >1%
7,64< >5%
7,054 77%
7,645 >5%
>,<07 >5%
>,<7< >1%
7,6>3 ><%
Omt Omt Mxpkrts Mxpkrts @kosuh @ko suh ptfko pt fko
(606) (1,504) (1,511) (1,507) (1,=0>) (1,560) (1,354) (1,33<) (1,=10) (1,036) 7,7>0 >,400 6,11< 6,167 >,>43 6,544 6,37< 6,=16 6,=10 6,34=
1.7.5
5<1<
>,1<1 ><%
Wmstmro Wmstmro Murkpm
Wmstmro Murkpm nas emmo a omt fhpkrtmr kd emozmom fo rm`mot ymars. ymars. Wftn tnm start-up start-up kd ouhmrkus styrmom aoc `uhmom pjaots fo Asfa aoc tnm Hfccjm Mast, Wmstmro Murkpmao cmhaoc dkr emozmom fs mxpm`tmc tk cm`jfom fo tnm omar tmrh ajjkwfog Wmstmro Murkpm tk em`khm smjdsuddf`fmot fo emozmom dkr a dmw ymars. Snm Wmstmro Murkpm suppjy aoc cmhaoc eajao`m fs snkwo fo Saejm 1.3.
Saejm 1.3 Wmstmro Murkpm Emozmom Puppjy, Cmhaoc aoc Sracm (Snkusaoc hmtrf` tkos) 5<<1
5<<5
5<<0
5<<3
5<<=
Dfrh @apa`fty Ppm`ujatfvm @apa`fty Sktaj Skt aj @apa`f ty
6,307 < 6,307
6,=05 1<,<00 1<,10< 1<,151 1<,567 1<,=71 1<,445 1<,405 1<,405 < < < < < < 1<< 1<< (1<) 6,=05 1<,<00 1<,10< 1<,151 1<,567 1<,=71 1<,745 1<,705 1<,455
\rkcu \rk cu`tf `tf ko Kpmratfog Kpmratfog Uatm
7,40= >1%
7,>>3 >0%
>,535 >5%
>,30< >0%
>,3=4 >3%
>,6<1 >4%
6,<61 >4%
6,103 >=%
6,<44 >3%
>,734 >5%
Omt Omt Mxpkrts Mxpkrts @kosuh @ko suh ptfk pt fkoo
(1=4) 7,761
(>) 7,>65
(1>5) >,353
(=44) >,664
(43>) 6,1<3
74 >,>05
(17) 6,115
73 6,<=6
37 6,<55
(=7) >,><=
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
5<<4
5<<7
5<<>
5<<6
5<1<
1<
Pm`tfko 1
Mxm`utfvm Puhhary Puhhary
1.7.0 As fa/\a` fdf` fd f` Pfo`m tnm jatm 16<
Saejm 1.= As fa \a` fdf` fd f` Emo zmom Pu ppjy pp jy , Cmhao c ao c Sr acm (Snkusaoc hmtrf` tkos) 5<<1
5<<5
5<<0
5<<3
5<<=
5<<4
5<<7
5<<>
5<<6
5<1<
Dfrh @apa`fty Ppm`ujatfvm @apa`fty Sktaj Skt aj @apa`f ty
13,714 < 13,714
1=,150 < 1=,150
1=,413 < 1=,413
1=,657 < 1=,657
14,=<= < 14,=<=
17,>>0 < 17,>>0
1>,7<7 5<< 1>,6<7
16,==< =01 5<,<>5
5<,114 445 5<,77>
5<,34= 1,<05 51,367
\rkcu \rk cu`tf `tf ko Kpmratfog Kpmratfog Uatm
11,334 7>%
11,>13 7>%
15,743 >5%
13,1<< >6%
1=,147 13,>51 65% >0%
1=,647 14,>54 >3% >3%
17,151 17,3<4 >5% >1%
Omt Omt Mxpkrts Mxpkrts @kosuh @ko suh ptfk pt fkoo
(7>) 11,=53
(571) 15,<>=
(0=3) 10,11>
303 10,444
047 13,766
(5=5) 14,53=
(545) 17,31>
1.>
(0>7) 1=,55<
(73) 14,617
(=7>) 1>,<1<
@KO@J]PFKOP
Wnmtnmr kr okt SC\ kr SNCA uofts kpmratm m`kokhf`ajjy wfjj okt kojy cmpmoc ko prf`fog `kocftfkos (m.g., ajtmroatfvm vajum dkr tkjumom), eut ajsk ko harbmt pksftfko. Em`ausm SNCA fs kdtmo tnm hkst mxpmosfvm rkutm dkr prkcu`fog emozmom, hmr`naot SNCA da`fjftfms tmoc tk kpmratm kojy wnmo tnm prf`m kd emozmom mx`mmcs tnm `kst kd prkcu`tfko vfa SNCA. @aptfvm SNCA uofts, fo `kotrast, usuajjy smrvm tk eajao`m fotmroaj rmqufrmhmots dkr emozmom aoc arm ruo focmpmocmotjy kd hmr`naot harbmt `kocftfkos. Nfstkrf`ajjy tnm cmjta emtwmmo tnm prf`m kd emozmom aoc tkjumom nas emmo aekut 05 `mots pmr gajjko ($64 pmr hmtrf` hmtrf` tko) as snkwo fo Dfgurm 1.4. Nkwmvmr, fo tnm past dmw ymars tnfs cmjta c mjta nas varfmc grmatjy. Dkr tnm dkurtn quartmr kd 5<<3 ft was ajhkst $1.4= pmr gajjko ($=<< pmr hmtrf` tko), wnfjm dkr tnm sm`koc quartmr kd 5<<4 ft was omgatfvm > `mots pmr gajjko (-53 (-53 pmr hmtrf` tko). @urrmotjy (3tn quartmr 5<<4) tnfs cmjta fs aekut $1.1< pmr gajjko ($005 pmr hmtrf` tko) wnfjm tnm `kst kd tkjumom nycrkcmajbyjatfko fs 50 `mots pmr gajjko ($4> pmr hmtrf` tko).
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
11
Pm`tfko 1
Mxm`utfvm Puhhary Puhhary
Dfgur m 1.4 Emozmom tk Skjumom \rf`m Cmjta 4<< =<< S / $ 3<< , m o m u j k 0<< S m o m z 5<< o m E a t j m 1<< C
< -1<< 16>5-Q1 16>3-Q1 16>4-Q1 16>>-Q1 166<-Q1 1665-Q1 1663-Q1 1664-Q1 166>-Q1 5<<<-Q1 5<<5-Q1 5<<3-Q1 5<<4-Q1 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nart s.xjs
Fo accftfko tk tnm m`kokhf`s, a varfmty kd ktnmr fssums hust ajsk em `kosfcmrmc wnmo `nkksfog prk`mss tm`nokjkgy. Pkhm kd tnmsm `kosfcmratfkos arm jfstmc emjkw9
A``mss tk dmmcstk`b Kutjmt dkr eyprkcu`ts Fovmsthmot rmqufrmhmots Umvahp aoc fotmgratfko pktmotfaj kr stratmgy Dmmcstk`b/prkcu`t prf`m dju`tuatfkos/dkrm`asts Sm`nokjkgy avafjaefjfty/jf`mosfog tmrhs Sm`nokjkgy rfsb Pm`urfty kd suppjy/stratmgf` fhpkrtao`m
Saejm 1.4 suhharfzms Omxaot‖s vfmw wftn wftn rmspm`t tk skhm kd tnm stratmgf` stratmgf` fssums. Fo tnm dfoaj aoajysfs, tnm smjm`tfko kd aoy kd tnmsm arkhatf` tm`nokjkgfms wfjj navm tk em easmc ko a `armduj `asm ey `asm assmsshmot.
Saejm 1.4 Umdkrhatm Umdkrhatm \rk`mss Pmjm`tfko Pmjm`tfko Dmmcstk`b Pmosft Pmosftfvf fvfty ty tk dmmc prf`m Fovmsthmot Fovmsthmot rmqufrmhmot rmqufrmhmot Sm`nokjkgy Sm`nokjkgy avafjaefjf avafjaefjfty ty @khhmr`faj @khhmr`fajjy jy prkvmo uofts uofts
@@USH Oapntna Jkw Jkw Vms Ouhmrkus Ouhmrkus
Uz \jatdkrhfo g SH Oapntna Jkw Jkw Vms Ouhmrkus Ouhmrkus
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
@y`jar SH J\G Hkcmratm Hkcmratm Nfgn Vms Kom
Arkhax ® Oapntna Nfgn Jkw Vms Pmvmraj
Ajpna @=/@4 Hkcmratm Hkcmratm Vms Kom
15
Pm`tfko Pm`tfko 5 5.1
@urrmot @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
FOSUKC]@SFKO
Arkhatf`s arm prkcu`mc as `kprkcu`ts fo rmdfomry `atajytf` rmdkrhmrs, kjmdfos pjaots, `kaj tar prk`mssfog, aoc tkjumom cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko (SC\) uofts. Fo accftfko, ko-purpksm suppjfms kd emozmom arm prkcu`mc vfa tkjumom nycrkcmajbyjatfko (SNCA) uofts. SNCA uofts u ofts arm tnm swfog skur`m aoc usmc wnmo emozmom suppjy fs tfgnt aoc prf`ms gmt nfgn mokugn tk iustfdy tnm m`kokhf`s kd tnksm pjaots. Aekut 7< pmr`mot kd tnm gjkeaj prkcu`tfko kd emozmom fs ey mxtra`tfko drkh mftnmr rmdkrhatm kr pyrkjysfs gaskjfom (pygas). Snm dkrhmr fs dkrhmc fo tnm `atajytf` rmdkrhfog kd oapntna, a tm`nokjkgy prfharfjy cfrm`tmc at tnm prkcu`tfko kd nfgn k`taom gaskjfom `khpkomots. Snm jattmr fs a jfqufc eyprkcu`t dkrhmc fo tnm prkcu`tfko kd kjmdfos ey stmah `ra`bfog jfqufc dmmcs, su`n as oapntna kr gas kfj. Mtnyjmom pjaots typf`ajjy kpmratm omar dujj `apa`fty, eut tnm dmmcstk`b sjatm hay vary cmpmocfog ko harbmt `kocftfkos. Mxtra`tfko drkh rmdkrhatm rmdkrhatm aoc pygas arm tnm hkst m`kokhf`aj skur`ms kd emozmom. Snm `khpksftfko kd ES^ (emozmom, tkjumom aoc xyjmoms) cmpmocs ko tnm skur`m. Saejm 5.1 `khparms ES^ drkh pygas aoc rmdkrhatm. \ygas fs typf`ajjy rf`n fo emozmom, wnmrmas xyjmoms aoc tkjumom arm tnm hafo `khpkomots kd rmdkrhatm.
Saejm 5.1 Sypf`aj ES^ @khpksftfko drkh \ygas aoc Umdkrhatm (Wmfgnt pmr`mot)
\ygas¶ Ptaocarc Hmcfuh Pmvmrfty Pmvmrfty ES^ `kotmot `kotmot => 35 Emozmom 3> 33 Skjumom 0 01 ^yjmoms 16 5=
Umdkrhatm @@Uµ @@Uµ =1 17 06 33
PU° 35 13 06 37
Sypf`aj Cmhaoc Cmhaoc Ppjft
36 36 50 5>
¶ Easmc ko `ra`bfog dujj raogm oapntna µ @kotfoukus `atajytf` rmgmomratfvm rmgmomratfvm rmdkrhmr rmdkrhmr ° Pmhf-rmgmomratfvm rmdkrhmr
Saejm 5.1 ajsk vmry rkugnjy rkugnjy snkws tnm gjkeaj cmhaoc dkr ES^ prkcu`ts. Fo gmomraj, emozmom fs prmsmot fo tnm hafo dmmcstk`bs fo prkpkrtfkos jkwmr tnao harbmt cmhaoc, wnmrmas tkjumom fs fo `kosfcmraejm mx`mss, as arm xyjmoms. Sk skhm mxtmot tnfs fheajao`m fs `krrm`tmc ey tnmfr rmjatfvm vajums as gaskjfom `khpkomots em`ausm rmdfomrs navm tnm kptfko kd mxtra`tfog ES^ as `nmhf`aj prkcu`ts kr ejmocfog tnmh fo dumj. ^yjmoms aoc tkjumom arm hkrm vajuaejm as ejmocstk`bs tnao emozmom, aoc tnm emozmom `kotmot ` kotmot fo gaskjfom fs rmstrf`tmc dkr movfrkohmotaj rmaskos.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
10
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Mssmotfajjy ajj kd tnm ES^ rm`kvmrmc fo ao kfj rmdfomry fs prkcu`mc fo tnm `atajytf` rmdkrhfog uoft (ektn `kotfoukus `atajytf` rmgmomratfvm aoc smhf-rmgmomratfvm typms). Fo a rmdfomry wnf`n fs okt fotmgratmc fotk pmtrk`nmhf`aj prkcu`tfko, tnm rmdkrhatm prkcu`t, kr @=+ strmah, `kotafofog emozmom aoc nmavfmr arkhatf`s, fs utfjfzmc as a nfgn k`taom gaskjfom ejmocstk`b. Fo rm`mot ymars, tnm utfjfzatfko kd emozmom fo tnm ].P. gaskjfom pkkj nas cm`rmasmc as a rmsujt kd tnm jfhfts pja`mc ko emozmom `kotmot fo gaskjfom ey movfrkohmotaj rmgujatfkos. Haoy ].P. rmdfomrfms tnat arm okt fotmgratmc wftn arkhatf`s prkcu`tfko rmhkvm tnm emozmom prm`urskrs upstrmah kd tnm rmdkrhfog uoft, wnf`n hfofhfzms hfofhfzms emozmom jmvmjs fo tnm rmdkrhatm. Snm emozmom prm`urskrs arm typf`ajjy utfjfzmc as fskhmrfzatfko fskhmrfzatfko uoft dmmcstk`b dkr fo`krpkratfko fotk tnm gaskjfom pkkj. @kovmrsmjy, rmdfomrfms tnat arm fotmgratmc wftn arkhatf`s prkcu`tfko haxfhfzm tnm prkcu`tfko kd emozmom fo tnm rmdkrhmr uoft. Emozmom prkcu`tfko `ao vary easmc ko rmdkrhmr kpmratfog ratms aoc smaskoaj cmhaoc dkr gaskjfom, dmmcstk`b sjatm aoc smvmrfty kd tnm kpmratfkos. \rkcu`tfko drkh tnfs skur`m fs mxpm`tmc tk grkw tra`bfog gaskjfom `kosuhptfko grkwtn. Emozmom aoc nfgnmr arkhatf`s arm prkcu`mc fo varyfog ahkuots fo kjmdfo pjaots. Emozmom hay em rm`kvmrmc ey mxtra`tfko drkh tnm pygas `kprkcu`t strmah. Snm quaotfty aoc `khpksftfko kd tnm pygas varfms wftn tnm dmmcstk`b `ra`bmc aoc `ra`bmr smvmrfty. Jfgntmr dmmcstk`bs prkcu`m jfttjm pygas, eut tnmrm hay em suddf`fmot emozmom `kotmot fo pygas drkh jfqufcs `ra`bmrs tk iustfdy mxtra`tfko. Snm sjfgnt trmoc tkwarc nmavfmr stmah `ra`bmr dmmcstk`bs wfjj rmsujt fo nfgnmr emozmom prkcu`tfko wftnfo tnm pygas aoc rmsujt fo grkwtn kd emozmom drkh pygas mx`mmcfog tnm kvmrajj mtnyjmom prkcu`tfko grkwtn. A tnfrc skur`m kd ES^ fs jfgnt kfj prkcu`mc curfog tnm `kbfog kd `kaj. Ajtnkugn tnfs was ko`m tnm kojy skur`m kd arkhatf`s, ft fs okw a hfokr `kotrfeutkr tk tnm tktaj suppjy ahkuotfog tk kojy 4-7 pmr`mot kd tnm gjkeaj `apa`fty (hkstjy fo tnm Dkrhmr Pkvfmt ]ofko aoc Mastmro Murkpm). Emozmom mxtra`tfko drkh `kaj tar kpmratfkos fs okt mxpm`tmc tk grkw, sfo`m tnm kutput kd tnm stmmj focustry nas emmo mssmotfajjy mssmotfajjy jmvmj dkr skhm ymars. @jmao Afr A`t mhfssfko mhfssfko rmgujatfkos rmstrf`t rmstrf`t kutput drkh tnfs skur`m. Emozmom hay em prkcu`mc drkh tkjumom ey nycrkcmajbyjatfko (SNCA) kr cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko (SCA). Nycrkcmajbyjatfko rmhkvms a hmtnyj grkup drkh tnm tkjumom hkjm`ujm aoc rmpja`ms ft wftn a nycrkgmo atkh tk dkrh emozmom aoc hmtnaom. Skjumom cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko `kovmrts tkjumom tk hfxmc xyjmoms aoc emozmom ey rmhkvfog a hmtnyj grkup drkh kom tkjumom hkjm`ujm (`rmatfog emozmom) aoc rmpja`fog ft kotk a sm`koc tkjumom hkjm`ujm (`rmatfog xyjmoms). Ektn `kovmotfkoaj (SC\) aoc smjm`tfvm (PSC\) tm`nokjkgfms arm avafjaejm dkr jf`mosm. Fo tnfs sm`tfko, tm`nokjkgfms easmc ko mxtra`tfko aoc cmajbyjatfko arm cms`rfemc, ajkog wftn a cfs`ussfko kd ma`n haikr dmmcstk`b aoc mstfhatms kd rmdkrhatm aoc emozmom prkcu`tfko `ksts. A cfs`ussfko kd oko-`kovmotfkoaj rkutms tk ES^ fs ajsk ajsk fo`jucmc. Snm mhpnasfs kd tnm m`kokhf` aoajysfs fs pja`mc ko emozmom em`ausm kd fts fhpkrtao`m as a `nmhf`aj `nmhf`aj prkcu`t. A jfst kd tnm dkrmhkst jf`moskrs kd arkhatf`s tm`nokjkgy fs prkvfcmc fo Saejm 5.5.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
13
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Saejm 5.5 Jf`moskrs kd Arkhatf`s Sm`nokjkgy Sm`nokjkgy
Jf`moskr
Umdkrhfog Umdkrhfog
]K\
Nycrkcmajbyjatfko Nycrkcmajbyjatfko
Skjumom Cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko/ Sraosajbyjatfko
Ktnmr
\rk`mss
@@U\jatdkr \jatdkrhfog℥, hfog℥, UY \jatdkr \jatdkrhfog℥, hfog℥, @y`jar℥ Ax Axmos Arkh rkhfzfo fzfog g℥, K`tao taofzfo fzfog g℥, Cuajdk jdkrhfog fog℥ @nmvrko \nfjjfps \nfjjfps Arkhax Arkhax® P&W Ajpna \rk`mss Jykocmjj NCA NCA Juhhus Cmtkj®, Jftkj®, \yrktkj® ]K\/Ha ]K\/Haratnko ratnko Asnjaoc \mtrkjmuh Nycmaj NUF/Axmos NCA Gujd SNC Hftsuefsnf HN@ ]K\ SNCA Jykocmjj ^yjmoms\jus
]K\ Ax Axmos GS@ Sm`nokjkgy Sm`nokjkgy Fo`. PB @krp Pnaognaf Umsmar`n Fostftutm kd \mtrk`nmhf`aj Sm`nokjkgy (PUF\S) ]K\ ]K\ Ax Axmos
5.5
Satkray℥, Satkray℥, \^-\jus℥, SA@6℥ HSC\-0, -0, NCA, Srao raos\jus jusPH, \xHaxPH PH GS-PSC\ GS-PSC\ , GS-SkjAjbPH, GS-SraosAjbPH ASA P-SCS H^Pkremx℥, Kjmdfos Umcu`tfko \rk`mss (KU\) Acvao`mc \ygas ]pgrac racfog fog (A\])
@ASAJVSF@ UMDKUHFOG
Hkcmro `atajytf` rmdkrhfog usfog pjatfouh was dfrst `khhmr`fajfzmc fo 1636 ey ]K\ dkr usm ey tnm pmtrkjmuh focustry2 Snm tmrh "rmdkrhfog" fs usmc tk cmsfgoatm a prk`mss ey wnf`n tnm hkjm`ujar stru`turm kd oapntna fs `naogmc, wftn tnm fotmot kd jmssmofog tnm bok`bfog tmocmo`y (f.m. rafsfog tnm k`taom ouhemr) kd oapntna fotmocmc dkr usm fo fotmroaj `kheustfko mogfoms. K`taom ratfog kd uojmacmc gaskjfom fs rmjatmc tk tnm `nmhf`aj stru`turm kd tnmfr `kostftumot nycrk`arekos. Arkhatf`s aoc nmavfjy erao`nmc paraddfos paraddfos navm tnm nfgnmst k`taom. Pfo`m hkst hkst strafgnt-ruo oapntna fs jkw fo arkhatf`s (= tk 1< pmr`mot) aoc k`taom (aekut =< (UKO + HKO)/5), tnm `nmhf`aj `khpksftfko ommcs tk em `naogmc, ey rmdkrhfog, tk fo`rmasm tnm yfmjc kd arkhatf`s. Snm prk`mss fs ajsk wfcmjy wfcmjy usmc dkr syotnmsfzfog arkhatf`s dkr tnm `nmhf`aj focustry drkh smjm`tmc oapntna dra`tfkos. Snm `atajytf` rmdkrhfog prk`mss fs usmc fo tnm prkcu`tfko kd gaskjfom kd cmsfrmc k`taom ouhemr, arkhatf`s (emozmom, tkjumom, hfxmc xyjmoms fo`jucfog mtnyj emozmom) aoc nycrkgmo dkr pjaot usm (m.g. nycrktrmatfog kd tnm oapntna dmmc). Snm kojy cfddmrmo`m fo kpmratfkos dkr arkhatf`s prkcu`tfko aoc hktkr dumj prkcu`tfko fs fo tnm `nkf`m kd kpmratfog parahmtmrs (mspm`fajjy dmmcstk`b smjm`tfko) tk haxfhfzm tnm yfmjcs kd emozmom, tkjumom aoc hfxmc xyjmoms (ES^).
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
1=
Pm`tfko 5
5.5.1
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
@nmhfstry
Fo a typf`aj rmdkrhfog prk`mss, tnm rma`tfkos fo`jucm cmnycrkgmoatfko, cmnycrk`y`jfzatfko, fskhmrfzatfko aoc nycrk`ra`bfog. Snm cmnycrkgmoatfko rma`tfko typf`ajjy wfjj em tnm cmnycrkfskhmrfzatfko kd ajbyj`y`jkpmotaoms tk arkhatf`s, tnm cmnycrkgmoatfko kd paraddfos tk kjmdfos, tnm cmnycrkgmoatfko kd `y`jknmxaoms tk arkhatf`s, aoc tnm cmnycrk`y`jfzatfko kd paraddfos tk arkhatf`s. Snm arkhatfzatfko kd tnm okrhaj paraddfos tk arkhatf`s fs gmomrajjy `kosfcmrmc tk em tnm hkst fhpkrtaot em`ausm kd tnm nfgn k`taom kd tnm rmsujtfog arkhatf` prkcu`t `khparmc tk tnm jkw jkw k`taom ratfogs dkr okrhaj paraddfos. Snm fskhmrfzatfko rma`tfkos rma`tfkos fo`jucm fskhmrfzatfko kd okrhaj paraddfos tk fskparaddfos aoc tnm fskhmrfzatfko kd suestftutmc arkhatf`s. Snm nycrk`ra`bfog rma`tfkos fo`jucm tnm nycrk`ra`bfog kd paraddfos aoc nycrkcmsujdurfzatfko kd aoy sujdur tnat fs rmhafofog fo tnm dmmcstk`b. Ft fs fhpkrtaot tk oktm tnm sfhujtaomkus prkcu`tfko kd nycrkgmo wnmo arkhatf`s arm haouda`turmc ey `atajytf` rmdkrhfog. Fo tnm ]oftmc Ptatms, tnfs nycrkgmo fs usmc as dmmcstk`b dkr dkr nycrktrmatfog aoc nycrk`ra`bfog. Kd tnm tnm jfgnt nycrk`arekos hacm fo `atajytf` rmdkrhfog, prkpaom dfocs fts way fotk J\G2 fskeutaom gkms tk ajbyjatfko uofts2 aoc o-eutaom fs usmc tk aciust tnm vapkr prmssurm kd dfofsnmc gaskjfom. Kojy shajj yfmjcs kd hmtnaom aoc mtnaom gk tk pjaot dumj. Snm rma`tfko bfomtf`s arm su`n tnat oapntnmom cmnycrkgmoatfko fs tnm dastmst aoc paraddfo cmnycrk`y`jfzatfko fs tnm sjkwmst. Wnfjm kpmratfog wftnfo tnmsm ekuocarfms nycrk`ra`bfog kd paraddfos aoc oapntnmoms ajsk k``urs. Nkwmvmr, dkr a gfvmo `atajyst, jkwmr kpmratfog prmssurms wfjj cmmhpnasfzm nycrk`ra`bfog, aoc tnus habm ft pkssfejm tk a`nfmvm emttmr yfmjcs. Snm haxfhuh pktmotfaj yfmjcs kd arkhatf`s tnat `kujc em ketafomc drkh oapntnmoms aoc paraddfos fd nycrk`ra`bfog `kujc em supprmssmc arm a rm cmtmrhfomc cm tmrhfomc ey tnm tnmrhkcyoahf` tnm rhkcyoahf` mqufjferfa mq ufjferfa dkr arkhatfzatfko rma`tfkos. Snmsm cata snkw, dfrst, dfrst, tnat `krrmspkocfog arkhatf` yfmjcs drkh tnm varfkus `jassms kd `khpkuocs dkjjkw tnm krcmr (drkh nfgnmst tk jkwmst) ajbyj`y`jknmxaoms, ajbyj`y`jkpmotaoms, paraddfos. Pm`koc, arkhatf` yfmjcs fo`rmasm wftn tnm ouhemr kd `areko atkhs pmr hkjm`ujm2 emozmom drkh @4 paraddfo nas a jkwmr yfmjc tnao tkjumom drkh @ 7 paraddfo. Snfrc, dkr a gfvmo rma`taot, tnm pktmotfaj arkhatf`s yfmjc fo`rmasms as tnm nycrkgmo partfaj prmssurm fs cm`rmasmc. As tnm `atajyst agms, ft fs om`mssary tk `naogm tnm prk`mss kpmratfog `kocftfkos tk hafotafo tnm rma`tfko smvmrfty aoc tk supprmss uocmsfrmc rma`tfkos. Snm easf` rmjatfkosnfps rmjatfkosnfps arm snkwo fo Saejm 5.0.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
14
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Saejm 5.0 Easf` Umjatfkosnfps fo @atajytf` Umdkrhfog Uma`tfko Uma`tfko Uma`tfko ratm Nmat Nmat mddm`t
Nycrk`ra`bfog Pjkwmst Mxktnmrh Mxktnmrhf` f`
Fskhmrfzatfko Uapfc Hfjcjy Mxktnmrhf`
Cmnycrk`y`jfzatfko Pjkw Hfjcjy Mocktnmrhf`
Oapntnmom Fskhmrfzatfko Cmnycrkgmoatfko Uapfc Dastmst Hfjcjy fjcjy Quftm Quftm Mxktnmrhf` Mocktnmrhf`
Afcs Afcs Nfocmrs
Oko Afcs Nfocmrs
Nfocmrs Afcs Nfocmrs
Okom Afcs Nfocmrs
Nfocmrs Afcs Nfocmrs
Aeskre Fo`rmasm Cm`rmasm Tarfms Fo`rmasm
Okom Fo`rmasm Cm`rmasm Fo`rmasm Fo`rmasm
Mvkjvms Cm`rmasm Fo`rmasm Cm`rmasm Fo`rmasm
Okom Cm`rmasm Fo`rmasm Fo`rmasm Cm`rmasm
Mvkjvms Cm`rmasm Fo`rmasm Cm`rmasm Fo`rmasm
Mddm`t kd9 Nfgn prmssurm Nfgn tmhpmraturm Nfgn spa`m vmjk`fty vmjk`fty Mddm`t ko9 Nycrkgmo prkcu`tfko prkcu`tfko UT\ UT\ Cmosfty Tkjuhm yfmjc yfmjc K`taom
Ko a hkjm easfs, oapntnmom `kovmrsfko tk arkhatf`s fs aekut 6> pmr`mot wftn tnm ouhemr kd `areko atkhs fo tnm prm`urskr emfog rmtafomc fo tnm prkcu`t as dkjjkws9 hmtnyj`y`jkpmotaom `y`jknmxaom cfhmtnyj`y`jkpmotaom hmtnyj`y`jknmptaom cfhmtnyj`y`jknmxaom `y`jknmptaom
prkcu`ms prkcu`ms prkcu`ms prkcu`ms prkcu`ms prkcu`ms
emozmom emozmom tkjumom tkjumom xyjmom xyjmom
Dkr paraddfos tnm dkjjkwfog hkjms kd arkhatf`s arm prkcu`mc drkh kom hkjm kd paraddfos navfog tnm focf`atmc ouhemr kd `areko atkhs9
1 hkjm kd a sfx `areko paraddfo yfmjcs <.<= hkjms kd a sfx `areko ` areko arkhatf`
1 hkjm kd a smvmo `areko paraddfo yfmjcs <.1< hkjms kd a smvmo `areko arkhatf`
1 hkjm kd ao mfgnt `areko paraddfo yfmjcs <.5= hkjms kd ao mfgnt `areko arkhatf`
1 hkjm kd a ofom `areko paraddfo yfmjcs <.3= hkjms kd a ofom `areko arkhatf`
1 hkjm kd a tmo `areko paraddfo yfmjcs <.3= hkjms kd a tmo `areko arkhatf`
5.5.1.1 Cmnycr Cmnycrkgmoatfk kgmoatfko o Uma`tfk Uma`tfkos os
Snm cmnycrkgmoatfko kd oapntnmoms (mftnmr ao ajbyj`y`jknmxaom kr ao ajbyj`y`jkpmotaom) k``urs at mxtrmhmjy dast rma`tfko ratms aoc fs nfgnjy mocktnmrhf`. mocktnmrhf`. Snm rmsujt fs tnm ommc dkr dfrmc nmatmrs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
17
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
emtwmmo tnm `atajyst emcs fo krcmr tk hafotafo tnm rma`tfko tmhpmraturms. Snm cmnycrkgmoatfko rma`tfko kd ajbyj`y`jknmxaom tk arkhatf`s fs rmprmsmotmc emjkw ey tnm rma`tfko kd hmtnyj`y`jknmxaom tk tkjumom. @N0
@N0 + 0N5
Hmtnyj`y`jknmxaom
Skjumom
Nycrkgmo
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4.`cx
Ajj `y`jknmxaoms cmnycrkgmoatm vmry rapfcjy aoc `khpjmtmjy tk arkhatf`s. Snm `y`jkpmotaoms rma`t at a hu`n sjkwmr ratm aoc uocmrgk ektn fskhmrfzatfko tk dkrh tnm `krrmspkocfog `y`jknmxaoms aoc rfog kpmofog tk dkrh paraddfos. Snm cmnycrkgmoatfko kd `y`jknmxaom cmrfvatfvms fs a hu`n dastmr rma`tfko tnao tnat kd tnm cmnycrk`y`jfzatfko kd paraddfos rmprmsmotmc emjkw ey tnm rma`tfko kd okrhaj nmptaom tk tkjumom. Ajtnkugn tnm jattmr fs ajsk mocktnmrhf`, ft prk`mmcs vfa hujtfpjm stmps aoc at a rmjatfvmjy sjkw rma`tfko ratm. Ft fs tnm hkst cfddf`ujt rmdkrhfog rmdkrhfog rma`tfko tk prkhktm. Dkr fostao`m, tnm rma`tfko ratm dkr cmnycrk`y`jfzatfko kd nmxaom fs kojy kom-tnfrc tnat kd nycrk`ra`bfog. Snus, tnm dra`tfko kd tnm okrhaj nmxaom `kovmrtmc tk emozmom fs rmjatfvmjy jkw. @N0 + 3N5
o-@7N14 o-Nmptaom
Skjumom
Nycrkgmo
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4.`cx
Ko tnm ktnmr naoc, okrhaj nmptaom nycrk`ra`bs at aekut tnm sahm ratm as okrhaj nmxaom, sk tnm dastmr ratm kd cmnycrk`y`jfzatfko (aekut dkur tfhms tnat kd nmxaom) jmacs tk sfgofdf`aotjy grmatmr dra`tfkoaj `kovmrsfko tk arkhatf`s dkr okrhaj nmptaom fo `khparfsko wftn nmxaom. A tnfrc rma`tfko om`mssary tk ketafo tnm nfgn arkhatf` `ko`motratfkos ommcmc fo tnm prkcu`t tk prkcu`m a nfgn k`taom fs tnm cmnycrkfskhmrfzatfko kd ao ajbyj`y`jkpmotaom tk ao ajbyj`y`jknmxaom aoc tnmo tk ao arkhatf`. Snmsm rma`tfko stmps stmps arm nfgnjy cmpmocmot ko tnm prk`mssfog `kocftfkos. Snm rma`tfko kd hmtnyj`y`jkpmotaom tk emozmom vfa `y`jknmxaom fs as dkjjkws9
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
1>
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
@N0
Hmtnyj`y`jkpmotaom
@y`jknmxaom + 0N5
Emozmom
Nycrkgmo
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4.`cx
Arkhatf`s navm a nfgnmr jfqufc cmosfty tnao paraddfos kr oapntnmoms wftn tnm sahm ouhemr kd `areko atkhs sk kom vkjuhm kd paraddfos prkcu`ms kojy aekut <.77 vkjuhm kd arkhatf`s aoc kom vkjuhm kd oapntnmoms prkcu`ms aekut <.>7 vkjuhm kd arkhatf`s. At tnm sahm tfhm tnm arkhatf`s arkhatf`s prkcu`tfko fo`rmasms tnm gaskjfom moc pkfot kd tnm oapntna. Sk suhharfzm, arkhatf`s yfmjc fs fo`rmasmc ey nfgn tmhpmraturm, jkw prmssurm, jkw spa`m vmjk`fty, aoc jkw nycrkgmo-tknycrk`areko hkjm ratfks. Wftn rmdmrmo`m tk tnm tnm jattmr, a suddf`fmot suddf`fmot nycrkgmo partfaj prmssurm hust hust em hafotafomc tk avkfc mx`mssfvm `kbm dkrhatfko. 5.5.1.5 Fskhmrfzatfko kd \araddf os aoc Oapntnmoms Oapntnmoms
Snm fskhmrfzatfko kd paraddfos k``urs rmacfjy fo `khhmr`faj rmdkrhfog kpmratfkos, eut at typf`aj kpmratfog tmhpmraturms tnm tnmrhkcyoahf` mqufjferfuh fs fo davkr kd tnm hkrm cmsfraejm (nfgnmr k`taom) erao`nmc fskhmrs. \rmssurm nas kojy a sjfgnt sjfgnt mddm`t. Fo gaskjfom ejmocfog tnmsm rma`tfkos habm a sfgofdf`aot `kotrfeutfko tk tnm k`taom fhprkvmhmot kd tnm oapntna. Snm rma`tfkos arm dast aoc hfjcjy mxktnmrhf`. Snm fskhmrfzatfko fskhmrfzatfko kd ao ajbyj`y`jkpmotaom tk `y`jknmxaoms pjus suesmqumot `kovmrsfko tk emozmom fs cms`rfemc aekvm. Snm rma`tfko emjkw rmprmsmots a typf`aj fskhmrfzatfko kd a okrhaj paraddfo. @N0 @N0@N5@N5@N5@N5@N0 o-Nmxaom
@N0@N@N5@N5@N0 fsk-Nmxaom
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4.`cx
Fskhmrfzatfko yfmjc fs fo`rmasmc ey nfgn tmhpmraturm, jkw spa` m vmjk`fty, aoc jkw prmssurm. 5.5.1.0 Nycrk`ra`bfog
\araddfo nycrk`ra`bfog fs sjkwmr tnao tnm fskhmrfzatfko rma`tfko aoc fs mxktnmrhf`. Nycrk`ra`bfog yfmjcs arm fo`rmasmc ey nfgn tmhpmraturm, nfgn prmssurm, aoc jkw spa`m vmjk`fty. Snm cfsappmarao`m kd paraddfos drkh tnm gaskjfom ekfjfog raogm vfa nycrk`ra`bfog ckms `ko`motratm arkhatf`s fo tnm tnm prkcu`t, aoc tnus `kotrfeutms tk k`taom fhprkvmhmot. Snm rma`tfko `kosuhms nycrkgmo aoc rmsujts fo jkwmr yfmjcs. Nycrk`ra`bfog fs rmprmsmotmc emjkw ey tnm rma`tfko kd okrhaj nmxaom tk eutaom aoc mtnaom.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
16
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Hkst kpmratkrs prmdmr tk hfofhfzm nycrk`ra`bfog wftnfo tnm rmdkrhmr rma`tkrs fo krcmr tk hfofhfzm tnm jfgnt oapntna (@=s) aoc J\G habm (@0 aoc @3). Snus, `armduj `kotrkj kd tnm kpmratfog `kocftfkos (f.m., tmhpmraturm) fs ommcmc fo krcmr tk ketafo nfgn prkcu`t quajfty aoc yfmjcs. @N0@N5@N5@N5@N5@N0 + N5 Nycrkgmo
o-Nmxaom
@N0@N5@N5@N0 + @N @N0@N0 Eutaom
Mtnaom
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4.`cx
5.5.1.3 Hfs`mjjaomkus Uma Uma`tf `tfkos kos
Cmhmtnyjatfko rma`tfkos gmomrajjy k``ur kojy at `kocftfkos kd nfgn tmhpmraturm, nfgn prmssurm, aoc fo tnm prmsmo`m kd a supmr a`tfvm `atajyst (typf`ajjy dkuoc curfog startup dkjjkwfog `atajyst rmpja`mhmot kr rmgmomratfko). rmgmomratfko). Snm rma`tfko fs nfgnjy mxktnmrhf` aoc `kujc jmac tk cfsastrkus rmsujts (m.g., `atajyst hmjtckwo). Ptrf`t attmotfko tk prk`mcurms fs rmqufrmc rmqufrmc curfog tnmsm kpmratfkos. Snm cmajbyjatfko kd arkhatf`s fs sfhfjar sfhfjar tk arkhatf` cmhmtnyjatfko cfddmrfog cfddmrfog kojy fo tnm sfzm kd tnm draghmot rmhkvmc drkh tnm rfog.
5.5.5
@atajyst
Ajj kd tnm rmdkrhfog `atajysts fo gmomraj usm tkcay `kotafo pjatfouh (<.5-<.7= wmfgnt pmr`mot) suppkrtmc ko a sfjf`a kr sfjf`a-ajuhfouh easm. Fo hkst `asms rnmofuh rnmofuh (<.5-<.7> wmfgnt pmr`mot) fs `khefomc wftn pjatfouh tk dkrh a hkrm staejm `atajyst tnat pmrhfts kpmratfko at jkwmr prmssurm. Frfcfuh aoc tfo navm ajsk emmo usmc fo pja`m kd rnmofuh. @njkrfom (<.6-1.5 wmfgnt pmr`mot) fs kdtmo accmc as a prkhktmr aoc tk hafotafo tnm pjatfouh wmjj cfspmrsmc kvmr tnm `atajyst surda`m. Snm `atajyst snapm hay hay em `yjfocrf`aj, spnmrf`aj, kr trfpjm fo fo sfzms drkh kommfgntmmotn tk kom-mfgntn fo`n fo`n fo cfahmtmr. Snm cmosfty dkr mxtrucmc `atajyst fs emtwmmo 07 aoc 3> pkuocs pmr `uef` dkkt aoc dkr spnmrf`aj `atajyst fs emtwmmo 05 aoc 3= pkuocs pmr `uef` dkkt. Pfo`m a typf`aj tnrkugnput jfhftatfko dkr a rmdkrhmr uoft fs tnm ahkuot kd `kbm tnat `ao em euromc fo tnm @@U rmgmomratkr, kom hmtnkc dkr fo`rmasfog tnrkugnput aoc, tnus, fo`rmasm arkhatf`s prkcu`tfko fs tk rmpja`m kjcmr gmomratfko `atajyst (m.g., ]K\‖s U-103) wftn tnm jatmst gmomratfko `atajyst (m.g., ]K\‖s U-543). Snat fs, omwmr gmomratfko `atajyst snkujc prkvfcm nfgnmr a`tfvfty aoc prkcu`m jmss `kbm. \jatfouh fs tnkugnt tk smrvm as tnm `atajytf` sftm dkr nycrkgmoatfko aoc cmnycrkgmoatfko rma`tfkos aoc `njkrfoatmc ajuhfoa prkvfcms ao a`fc sftm dkr fskhmrfzatfko, `y`jfzatfko, aoc nycrk`ra`bfog rma`tfkos. Unmofuh kr frfcfuh a`t as `kbm fonfeftkrs. fonfeftkrs. Fo marjy rmdkrhfog uofts mhpjkyfog a hkokhmtajjf` pjatfouh `atajyst nfgn sujdur jmvmjs fo tnm dmmcstk`b jmc tk tnm ommc dkr nfgn hmtaj `kotmot (<.4 tk <.7= wmfgnt pmr`mot pjatfouh). Snm acvmot kd tnm pjatfouh/rnmofuh `atajyst (efhmtajjf`) rmqufrmc tnat tnm sujdur jmvmj fo tnm dmmc em rmcu`mc tk jmss tnao kom wpph.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
5<
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Umdkrhfog `atajyst a`tfvfty fs a duo`tfko kd surda`m arma, pkrm vkjuhm, aoc a`tfvm pjatfouh aoc `njkrfom `kotmot. @atajyst a`tfvfty fs rmcu`mc curfog kpmratfko ey `kbm cmpksftfko aoc `njkrfcm jkss. Okejm hmtaj `atajysts jksm a`tfvfty fo tnm prmsmo`m kd sujdur sujdur kr oftrkgmo `khpkuocs aoc arm pkfskomc ey hmtajs su`n as arsmof` aoc jmac at `ko`motratfkos kd dar jmss tnao 1 pph. Snm dfrst cma`tfvatfko fs rmvmrsfejm, wnmrmas tnm sm`koc fs frrmvmrsfejm. Dkr a smhf-rmgmomratfko kpmratfko (nfgn prmssurm) up tk 5<< earrmjs kd `nargm `ao em prk`mssmc pmr pkuoc kd `atajyst emdkrm rmgmomratfko fs rmqufrmc. rmqu frmc. Snm a`tfvfty kd tnm `atajyst `ao em rmstkrmc ey nfgn tmhpmraturm kxfcatfko kd tnm `areko dkjjkwmc ey `njkrfoatfko. Snm a`tfvfty kd tnm `atajyst cm`rmasms curfog tnm ko strmah pmrfkc aoc tnm rma`tfko tmhpmraturm fs fo`rmasmc as tnm `atajyst agms tk hafotafo tnm cmsfrmc kpmratfog smvmrfty. Snm `atajyst `ao okrhajjy em rmgmomratmc at jmast tnrmm tfhms emdkrm ft nas tk em rmpja`mc aoc rmturomc tk tnm haouda`turmr dkr rm`jahatfko. Umgmomratfkos hay em rmqufrmc fo `y`jms aoywnmrm drkh drkh 0 tk 53 hkotns.
5.5.0
\rk`mss Tarfaejms
5.5.0.1 \rmssurm
\rmssurm (cmdfomc as avmragm rma`tkr prmssurm), mspm`fajjy nycrkgmo partfaj prmssurm, nas a haikr mddm`t ko `atajyst cma`tfvatfko. Em`ausm kd sfcm sfcm rma`tfkos, `kbm fs cmpksftmc ko tnm `atajyst. Nfgnmr prmssurm rmsujts fo jmss `areko em`ausm tnm nycrkgmo-jmao rmsfcums ko tnm `atajyst arm nycrkgmoatmc. At jkwmr prmssurms, tnfs tnfs `apaefjfty fs ok jkogmr prmsmot, aoc `kovmotfkoaj pjatfouh-ko-ajuhfoa `atajysts rapfcjy cm`rmasm fo a`tfvfty aoc yfmjcs kd arkhatf`s aoc nycrkgmo. Pmjm`tfvfty cmtmrfkratms em`ausm tnm ratfk kd nycrk`ra`bfog tk arkhatfzatfko fo`rmasms as tnm `atajyst fs cma`tfvatmc. Snus, tnm marjy vmrsfkos kd tnm `atajytf` rmdkrhfog rmdkrhfog prk`mss mhpnasfzmc rmjatfvmjy nfgn prmssurms (=<<-><< psf) aoc nfgn nycrkgmo rm`y`jm ratms (4,<<< tk 1<,<<< P@D pmr earrmj kd dmmc). Nkwmvmr, tnm rmajfzatfko kd emttmr yfmjcs at jkwmr prmssurm em`ahm tnm crfvfog dkr`m dkr durtnmr `atajyst cmvmjkphmot. Hkcmro `kotfoukus rmdkrhmrs arm emfog cmsfgomc dkr prmssurms fo tnm raogm kd =< tk tk 1<< psfg. Fo gmomraj, as rma`tkr prmssurm fs cm`rmasmc, `atajyst rmqufrmhmots cm`rmasm, gaskjfom yfmjcs fo`rmasm, aoc `atajyst cma`tfvatfko fo`rmasms. 5.5.0.5 Smhpmraturm
Uma`tkr emc tmhpmraturm fs tnm prfhary varfaejm avafjaejm tk `kotrkj prkcu`t quajfty. Swk mxprmssfkos arm `khhkojy usmc tk cmdfom rma`tkr rma`tkr tmhpmraturm. tmhpmraturm. Wmfgntmc avmragm fojmt tmhpmraturm (WAFS) fs tnm dra`tfko kd `atajyst fo ma`n rma`tkr emc hujtfpjfmc ey fts fojmt tmhpmraturm. Wmfgntmc avmragm emc tmhpmraturm (WAES) (WAES) fs tnm dra`tfko dra`tfko kd `atajyst fo ma`n emc hujtfpjfmc ey tnm avmragm kd fts fojmt aoc kutjmt tmhpmraturms. tmhpmraturms. Ma`n dmmcstk`b nas fts kwo tmhpmraturm/k`taom rmjatfkosnfp. rmjatfkosnfp. Ey rafsfog kr jkwmrfog tnm rma`tkr tmhpmraturm, tnm tnm pjaot mogfommr `ao rafsm kr jkwmr tnm prkcu`t k`taom ouhemr. As tmhpmraturm fs fo`rmasmc tnm `atajyst rmqufrmhmot fs cm`rmasmc, tnm gaskjfom yfmjc fo`rmasms, fo` rmasms, aoc `atajyst cma`tfvatfko fo`rmasms.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
51
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
5.5.0.0 Dmmcstk`b Dmmcstk`b Quajfty
Oapntna quajfty nas tnm hkst fodjumo`m ko tnm rmdkrhatm quaotfty aoc rmdkrhmr cmsfgo. Snm rmjatfkosnfp emtwmmo oapntna aoc tnm tnm rmsujtfog rmdkrhatm rmdkrhatm strmah fs `khpjmx. Nycrk`areko typms ey paraddfo, oapntnmoms aoc arkhatf`s (\OA) aoc APSH cfstfjjatfko raogms arm tnm hfofhuh rmqufrmc tk `nara`tmrfzm a `nargm stk`b. stk`b. Ajtnkugn tnmsm aoajysms ck okt `khpjmtmjy cms`rfem tnm `nargm stk`b aoc fts mddm`t ko yfmjcs, a`tfvfty, aoc staefjfty, tnmy smrvm as a easfs dkr smjm`tfvfty aoc staefjfty mvajuatfko. A jmao oapntna fs cmdfomc as kom fo wnf`n tnm paraddfo `kotmot kd tnm dmmc fs typf`ajjy aekvm 4= wmfgnt pmr`mot. 5.5.0.3 Dmmc Dmmc Ekfjfog Ekfj fog Uaogm Uaogm
Gmomraj gufcmjfoms suggmst a jfob emtwmmo tnm foftfaj ekfjfog pkfot (FE\) kd tnm oapntna aoc tnm arkhatf`s jmvmj fo tnm rmsujtfog rmdkrhatm. rmdkrhatm. Snm FE\ fs cmsfgomc tk mx`jucm pmotaom aoc jfgntmr hatmrfajs aoc fs mstaejfsnmc mstaejfsnmc at tnm nycrktrmatmr ea`b moc dra`tfkoatkr kr strfppmr. A pjaot kpmratkr wfjj gmomrajjy `kotrkj tnm FE\ tk fo`jucm fo tnm dmmc tnksm `khpkomots tnat wfjj rmdkrh tk emozmom (f.m., hmtnyj`y`jkpmotaom aoc `y`jknmxaom ekfjfog at 141.0¼D aoc 177.0¼D, rmspm`tfvmjy). Dujj raogm oapntna (DUO) wfjj wfjj typf`ajjy `kotafo @= `khpkomots ekfjfog as jkw as >5¼D (fskpmotaom). Jfgnt oapntna (><-1=<¼D `ut) fs smparatmc upstrmah ey cfstfjjatfko aoc mftnmr fskhmrfzmc kr smot cfrm`tjy tk tnm gaskjfom gaskjfom pkkj. Nmavy oapntna (14<+¼D) fs smot tk tnm rmdkrhmr. Dkr haxfhuh emozmom prkcu`tfko, tnm typf`aj FE\ fs emtwmmo 147¼D aoc 174¼D. Sk hfofhfzm emozmom prkcu`tfko, tnm FE\ fs typf`ajjy arkuoc 515¼D tk 551¼D. Snm dfoaj ekfjfog pkfot kr APSH cfstfjjatfko moc pkfot (M\) fs cmsfgomc tk mx`jucm `kbm prm`urskrs aoc fs mstaejfsnmc at tnm `rucm dra`tfkoatkr kr pfpmstfjj. Snm M\ fs usuajjy smt at 3<<¼D fo krcmr tk mjfhfoatm tnm nycrk`arekos, wnf`n dkrh pkjy`y`jf` arkhatf`s. arkhatf`s. Snmsm jattmr arkhatf`s arm rmspkosfejm dkr `areko jayckwo ko tnm `atajyst aoc snkrtmomc `y`jm jfdm. Cm`rmasfog tnm moc pkfot wfjj navm tnm mddm`t kd fo`rmasfog tnm `atajyst rmqufrmhmot, cm`rmasfog tnm hkgas yfmjc aoc cm`rmasfog `atajyst cma`tfvatfko. Snm rmdkrhatm prkcu`t nas a nfgnmr M\ aoc a jkwmr FE\ tnao tnao tnm dmmcstk`b. Snus, nfgnmr ekfjfog pkfot nycrk`arekos arm prmsmot fo tnm dfoaj rma`tkr wnmrm tnm kpmratfog kp mratfog smvmrfty fs tnm nfgnmst aoc `kbfog fs hkst jfbmjy jfbmjy tk k``ur. Em`ausm kd mxtmosfko kd tnm FE\ aoc M\ curfog tnm rmdkrhfog prk`mss, skhm kpmratkrs nkjc tnm dmmcstk`b M\ wmjj emjkw tnm 3<<¼D jfhft. 5.5.0.= Oapnt Oapntna na Quajft Quajfty y (Oapntnmof (Oapntnmof` ` vmrsus \aradd \araddfof fof`) `)
Snm rmjatfkosnfp kd paraddfos, oapntnmoms, aoc arkhatf`s fo oapntna tk tnm rmsujtfog rmdkrhatm quajfty fs hu`n narcmr tk tk cmdfom. Snm hmtnkc usmc ey hkst kpmratkrs tk mstfhatm `atajyst pmrdkrhao`m fs tnm oapntnmoms aoc arkhatf`s `kotmot fo tnm dmmc, mxprmssmc as jfqufc vkjuhm pmr`mot mquaj tk oapntnmoms pjus arkhatf`s (O+A). A dmmcstk`b wftn a `khpksftfko kd 4< pmr`mot paraddfos, 00 pmr`mot oapntnmoms, aoc 7 pmr`mot arkhatf`s (O+A 8 3<) fs hkrm cfddf`ujt tk rmdkrh tnao a dmmcstk`b wftn a `khpksftfko kd 03 pmr`mot paraddfos, 56 pmr`mot oapntnmoms, aoc 07 pmr`mot arkhatf`s (O+A (O+A 8 44). Fo`rmasfog tnm oapntnmoms pjus arkhatf`s fo tnm dmmc nas tnm mddm`t kd cm`rmasfog tnm `atajyst rmqufrmhmot, fo`rmasfog tnm @=+ yfmjc, as wmjj as tnm k`taom yfmjc (k`taom ouhemr tfhms @=+ yfmjc) aoc fo`rmasfog tnm `atajyst cma`tfvatfko.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
55
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
5.5.0.4 Fhpurftfms
@ra`bmr stk`bs (tnmrhaj `ra`bmr, `at `ra`bmr, aoc `kbmr oapntnas) `kotafofog a sfgofdf`aot ahkuot kd kjmdfos ommc tk em nycrktrmatmc as cms`rfemc emjkw. Snm a`tfvm hatmrfaj fo hkst hkst `atajytf` rmdkrhfog rmdkrhfog `atajysts fs pjatfouh. @mrtafo hmtajs (jmac, frko, arsmof`, mt`.) as wmjj as sujdur `khpkuocs, oftrkgmo `khpkuocs, `njkrfom, kjmdfos, watmr, aoc kxygmo wfjj `ausm `atajyst cma`tfvatfko. Nycrktrmatfog kd tnm dmmc fs usuajjy suddf`fmot suddf`fmot tk rmhkvm tnmsm hatmrfajs. Nycrkgmo dkr tnm tnm nycrktrmatmr rma`tfkos fs suppjfmc drkh tnm ckwostrmah `atajytf` rmdkrhmr. A cfs`ussfko kd tnm nycrktrmatfog nycrktrmatfog prk`mss fs prmsmotmc fo Pm`tfko 5.5.= Dmmc \rmparatfko. 5.5.0.7 Ppa`m Tmjk` Tmjk`ft fty y
Ppa`m vmjk`fty fs a hmasurm kd tnm `kota`t tfhm emtwmmo tnm dmmcstk`b (f.m., oapntna) aoc tnm `atajyst (f.m., ahkuot kd oapntna prk`mssmc kvmr a `mrtafo ahkuot kd `atajyst dkr a smt pmrfkc kd tfhm). Fd vkjuhms arm usmc tnm tnm tmrh fs jfqufc nkurjy nkurjy spa`m vmjk`fty (JNPT) aoc fd wmfgnts arm usmc tnm tmrh fs wmfgnt nkurjy spa`m vmjk`fty (WNPT). Tkjuhms (typf`ajjy earrmjs) arm mstaejfsnmc at 4<¼D aoc 13.7 psfa (pmtrkjmuh focustry staocarcs). Snm spa`m vmjk`fty wfjj cmtmrhfom tnm jfhfts kd prkcu`t prkcu`t quajfty (f.m., k`taom ouhemr). Snm grmatmr tnm spa`m vmjk`fty, tnm jkwmr tnm jfhft kr haxfhuh k`taom pkssfejm. Uma`tkr tmhpmraturms arm fotmr`naogmaejm wftn JNPT, JNPT, aoc tnm twk tkgmtnmr cmtmrhfom cmtmrhfom prkcu`t quajfty. Wftnfo okrhaj okrhaj rmdkrhfog cmsfgo parahmtmrs, spa`m vmjk`fty nas jfttjm mddm`t ko `atajyst staefjfty (ko a earrmj pmr pkuoc easfs). Nfgnmr JNPT rmsujts fo a jkwmr smvmrfty2 `kovmrsmjy, jkwmr JNPT rmsujts fo a nfgnmr smvmrfty. 5.5.0.> Nycrkgmo tk Nycrk Nycrk`areko `areko Uatf Uatfk k
Snm nycrkgmo tk nycrk`areko (N5/N@) ratfk fs cmdfomc as tnm hkjms kd rm`y`jm nycrkgmo pmr hkjm kd oapntna `nargmc tk tnm uoft. Snm rm`y`jm nycrkgmo fs fs om`mssary dkr tnm purpksms kd `atajyst staefjfty (f.m., tk prktm`t tnm `atajyst drkh rapfc `kbfog). Ft nas tnm mddm`t kd swmmpfog swmmpfog tnm rma`tfko prkcu`ts aoc `kocmosaejm hatmrfajs drkh tnm `atajyst aoc suppjyfog tnm `atajyst wftn rmacfjy avafjaejm nycrkgmo. Ao fo`rmasm fo tnm N9N@ ratfk wfjj hkvm tnm oapntna dmmc tnrkugn tnm rma`tkr at a dastmr ratm aoc suppjy a grmatmr nmat sfob sfob dkr tnm mocktnmrhf` nmat kd rma`tfko. Ft ajsk fo`rmasms tnm nycrkgmo partfaj prmssurm aoc, tnmrmdkrm, tnm `atajyst staefjfty wftn jfttjm jfttjm mddm`t ko prkcu`t quajfty kr yfmjcs. Ko tnm ktnmr naoc, jkwmr ratfks savm momrgy (f.m., `khprmssfko `ksts) aoc davkr tnm oapntnmom cmnycrkgmoatfko aoc cmnycrk`y`jfzatfko rma`tfkos. At tnm jkw prmssurm jmvmjs cmsfgomc dkr hkcmro rmdkrhmrs, tnm typf`aj N9N@ ratfk fs fo tnm raogm kd 5 tk =. Kjcmr nfgn prmssurm prmssurm uofts kpmratm fo tnm raogm kd mfgnt tk tmo. Fo`rmasfog tnm rm`y`jm ratm wfjj cm`rmasm tnm `atajyst rmqufrmhmot, tnm gaskjfom yfmjc aoc tnm `atajyst cma`tfvatfko.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
50
Pm`tfko 5
5.5.3
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Umdkrhmr Sypms
Umdkrhfog prk`mssms arm `jassfdfmc as `kotfoukus, `y`jf` kr smhf-rmgmomratfvm cmpmocfog upko tnm drmqumo`y kd `atajyst rmgmomratfko. 5.5.3.1 Pmhf-rmgmomratfvm
Snm smhf-rmgmomratfvm (PU) uoft nas tnm acvaotagm kd jkw `apftaj `ksts. Umgmomratfko rmqufrms tnm uoft tk em tabmo kdd jfom. Cmpmocfog ko tnm smvmrfty kd kpmratfko, rmgmomratfko fs rmqufrmc at fotmrvajs kd tnrmm tk sfx hkotns. Nfgn nycrkgmo rm`y`jm ratms aoc kpmratfog prmssurms arm utfjfzmc utfjfzmc tk hfofhfzm `kbm jayckwo aoc `kosmqumot jkss kd `atajyst a`tfvfty. A prk`mss djkw cfagrah cfagrah fs snkwo fo Dfgurm 5.1. Snm prmtrmatmc dmmc aoc rm`y`jm nycrkgmo arm nmatmc tk emtwmmo 65= aoc 67=¼D emdkrm motmrfog tnm dfrst rma`tkr. Fo tnm dfrst rma`tkr, tnm haikr rma`tfko fs tnm cmnycrkgmoatfko kd oapntnmoms tk arkhatf`s, aoc sfo`m tnfs fs strkogjy mocktnmrhf`, a jargm crkp fo tmhpmraturm k``urs. Sk hafotafo tnm rma`tfko rma`tfko ratm, tnm gasms arm rmnmatmc emdkrm emfog passmc passmc kvmr tnm `atajyst `atajyst fo tnm sm`koc rma`tkr. As tnm `nargm prk`mmcs tnrkugn tnm rma`tkrs, tnm rma`tfko ratms cm`rmasm aoc tnm rma`tkrs em`khm jargmr aoc jmss rmnmat fs ommcmc. Snrmm rma`tkrs arm arm usuajjy suddf`fmot suddf`fmot tk prkvfcm tnm cmsfrmc cmgrmm kd rma`tfko aoc nmatmrs arm ommcmc emdkrm ma`n rma`tkr tk erfog tnm hfxturm up tk rma`tfko tmhpmraturm. Fo pra`tf`m, mftnmr smparatm nmatmrs `ao em usmc kr kom nmatmr `ao ` ao `kotafo smvmraj smparatm `kfjs. Snm rma`tfko hfxturm drkh tnm jast rma`tkr fs `kkjmc aoc tnm jfqufc prkcu`ts `kocmosmc. Snm nycrkgmo-rf`n gasms arm smparatmc drkh tnm jfqufc pnasm fo a smparatkr aoc tnm jfqufc drkh tnm smparatkr fs smot tk a dra`tfkoatkr tk em cmeutaofzmc. Snm nycrkgmo-rf`n gas strmah fs spjft fotk a nycrkgmo rm`y`jm strmah aoc a omt nycrkgmo eyprkcu`t usmc fo nycrktrmatfog kr nycrk`ra`bfog kpmratfkos kr as dumj. Snm kpmratfog prmssurm fs typf`ajjy fo tnm raogm kd 1<< tk 0=< psfg aoc usms a nycrkgmo ratm kd 3,<<< tk >,<<< P@D/eej kd drmsn dmmc. JNPT fs fo tnm raogm raogm kd 5 tk 0. 5.5.3.5 @kotfoukus @kotfo ukus @atajys @atajystt Umgmomratfko Umgmomratfko (@@U (@@U))
Snm mqufphmot dkr tnm `kotfoukus prk`mss fs cmsfgomc tk pmrhft tnm rmhkvaj aoc rmpja`mhmot kd `atajyst curfog okrhaj kpmratfko. As a rmsujt, rmsujt, tnm `atajyst `ao em rmgmomratmc `kotfoukusjy aoc hafotafomc at a nfgn a`tfvfty. Em`ausm `kbm jayckwo aoc tnmrhkcyoahf` mqufjferfuh yfmjcs kd rmdkrhatm arm ektn davkrmc ey jkw prmssurm kpmratfko, tnm aefjfty tk hafotafo nfgn `atajyst a`tfvftfms ey `kotfoukus `atajyst rmgmomratfko fs tnm haikr acvaotagm kd tnm `kotfoukus typm kd uoft. Snfs acvaotagm nas tk em mvajuatmc wftn wftn rmspm`t tk tnm nfgnmr `apftaj `ksts aoc pkssfejm jkwmr kpmratfog `ksts cum tk jkwmr nycrkgmo rm`y`jm ratms aoc prmssurms ommcmc tk bmmp `kbm jayckwo at ao a``mptaejm jmvmj. A prk`mss djkw cfagrah kd ]K\'s @@U \jatdkrhfog℥ prk`mss s`nmhm fs snkwo fo Dfgurm 5.5. Snm `atajyst djkws ey gravfty drkh tnm jast (ekttkh) rma`tkr fo tk a `atajyst `kjjm`tkr vmssmj, wnf`n hafotafos uofdkrh `atajyst wftncrawaj. Adtmr cmprmssurfog aoc purgfog, tnm `atajyst fs jfdtmc tk a `atajyst nkppmr. @atajyst tnmo djkws tk tk tnm rmgmomratfko tkwmr, wnmrm tnm `areko fs euromc kdd aoc tnm `atajyst `njkrfcm jmvmj fs aciustmc. Omt rmgmomratfko gas fs vmotmc.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
53
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Umgmomratmc `atajyst fs tnmo rmturomc tk tnm dfrst dfrst (tkp) rma`tkr. Fo tnfs s`nmhm tnm rma`tkr kpmratms kojy fo fts prfhary duo`tfko, prkvfcfog tnm `atajytf` movfrkohmot dkr tnm rmdkrhfog rma`tfkos2 tnus ft fs okt mxpksmc tk tnm tnm smvmrm rmgmomratfko `kocftfkos. Snm Axmos djkw s`nmhm (okt snkwo) mhpjkys a "shkktn-djkwfog," "shkktn-djkwfog," hkvfog emc prk`mss. Snm Axmos rma`tkrs arm arm okt sta`bmc aoc tnm `atajyst hkvms drkh kom vmssmj tk aoktnmr. aoktnm r. Snm sm`koc gmomratfko kd ]K\'s @@U prk`mss fs tnm rmsujt kd stfjj jkwmr kpmratfog prmssurm aoc cmvmjkphmot kd fhprkvmc `atajyst. Snm typf`aj kpmratfog `kocftfkos kd ]K\'s ]K\'s sm`koc gmomratfko @@U arm a rma`tkr prmssurm kd =< psfg, a spa`m vmjk`fty kd 1.7, aoc a N9N@ ratfk kd jmss tnao 5.=. Snm systmh `kotfoukusjy rmgmomratms up tk 3,=<< pkuocs pmr nkur kd `atajyst. Snm Axmos `kotfoukus cmsfgo ajsk kpmratms at tnm jkwmr prmssurm kd =< psfg. Axmos prkpksms a hkcfdfmc rmgmomratfko systmh, Umgmo@ ℥, ℥, wnf`n fo`jucms a prfhary euro zkom mqufppmc wftn a cry euro jkkp tk hfofhfzm tnm hkfsturm jmvmj curfog `kheustfko2 a dfofsnfog euro zkom2 ao kxy`njkrfoatfko zkom wftn ao focmpmocmot gas jkkp2 aoc a `aj`foatfko zkom. Snm cry euro jkkp nas emmo dkuoc tk mxtmoc `atajyst jfdm fo focustrfaj uofts ey rmcu`fog surda`m arma jkss curfog `kbm eurofog. Hkst omw grass rkkts arkhatf`s prkim`ts fovkjvm tnm `kotfoukus rmdkrhfog tm`nokjkgfms kd mftnmr ]K\ kr Axmos. 5.5.3.0 @y`jf`
Snm `y`jf` prk`mss fs a `khprkhfsm emtwmmo tnm smhf-rmgmomratfvm aoc tnm `kotfoukus prk`mss cms`rfemc aekvm. Ft fs `nara`tmrfzmc ey navfog a swfog rma`tkr fo fo accftfko tk tnksm ko strmah, as snkwo fo Dfgurm 5.0. Snm `atajyst fo a `y`jf` uoft `ao em rmgmomratmc rmgmomratmc wftnkut snuttfog tnm tnm uoft ckwo as rmqufrmc dkr a smhf-rmgmomratfvm uoft. Wnmo tnm a`tfvfty kd tnm `atajyst fo kom kd tnm ko strmah rma`tkrs crkps emjkw tnm cmsfrmc jmvmj, tnfs rma`tkr fs fskjatmc drkh tnm systmh aoc rmpja`mc ey tnm swfog rma`tkr. Snm `atajyst fo tnm rmpja`mc rma`tkr fs tnmo rmgmomratmc ey achfttfog nkt afr fotk tnm rma`tkr tk euro tnm tnm `areko kdd tnm `atajyst. Adtmr rmgmomratfko ft fs usmc tk rmpja`m tnm omxt rma`tkr ommcfog rmgmomratfko. Snm `y`jf` cmsfgo fs hkrm hkrm mxpmosfvm tnmo tnm smhf-rmgmomratfvm smhf-rmgmomratfvm s`nmhm. Ajj tnm rma`tkrs fo tnm `y`jf` prk`mss arm tnm tnm sahm sfzm. A `khpjmtm sparm rma`tkr fs rmqufrmc rmqufrmc as wmjj as a `khpjmx pfpfog haofdkjc. Umgmomratfko fs typf`ajjy pmrdkrhmc ko a 53 kr 3> nkur `y`jm. Ko tnm pjus sfcm tnm `y`jf` prk`mss kddmrs tnm acvaotagm kd a jkwmr prmssurm kpmratfko tnmo tnm smhf-rmgmomratfvm prk`mss aoc nfgnmr yfmjcs kd rmdkrhatm at tnm sahm smvmrfty.
5.5.=
Dmmc \rmparatfko
Snm a`tfvm hatmrfaj fo hkst `atajytf` rmdkrhfog `atajysts fs pjatfouh. pjatfouh. As hmotfkomc aekvm, tnm prmsmo`m kd `mrtafo `khpkuocs aoc mjmhmots wfjj `ausm tnm `atajyst tk cma`tfvatm. Dmmc prmtrmathmot, fo tnm dkrh kd nycrktrmatfog (N/S), fs usuajjy mhpjkymc tk rmhkvm tnmsm hatmrfajs. Snm nycrktrmatmr mhpjkys a `keajt/hkjyecmouh `atajyst tk cmsujdurfzm, cmoftrkgmoatm, cmkxygmoatm, aoc cmhmtajjatm tnm dmmcstk`b.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
5=
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
r m h h r a k r d m g a U f 1 . m C 5 f v w m t r a k j u r D m g o f D m s s g m m ` r - r k f \ h m P
G \ J
s a G
m t a h r k d m U
U M Y F J F E A S P
P U K S @ A M U
c s v . 4 < 1 3 . 7 < < < . 1 < 1 < < [ 7 < 5 Q
U M J F K E M U
o m t g m k r O c y N
O U K M S G A K U U A C V \ N M P
P U C M M S U A F D M N
U O K M M P G J @ P M K V U @ U C M \ V U H N K @
h a m t P
c c m m t m a D m r a t n k r t c n y p a N O
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
54
Pm`tfko 5
m r r u k s t ` s t m a r p o k n ` g m f N U
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
g o f h r k h d a m r U g a f 5 ` C . t f 5 y w m j a j r k t u a D g @ f D s s s u m ` k k u r o \ f t o k @
r m m t z a f j f h r e a k t d m P U t k
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U M S A M N
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U B M @ \ 1 K \ # J K N P U K S @ A M U
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U B M @ \ 5 K \ # J K N
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m o o k f t m k a o Y o f r k g k Y f o j n y r @ C
r f A
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
t d s f a J G
57
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
U P M A S G A M M ] N J M D U \
) C ( U K S @ A M U
m g r u \
s r a k G r m f u A j D
U G K S O F @ W A P M U
U C M U S F N A S M N
) @ ( U K S @ A M U
M J @ U V K @ M P P U M P U A \ G H M K ] @ J D
U M C A M N O K F S A U M O M G M U U M \ \ ]
U M C A M N O K F S @ A M U U M \ \ ]
r m h h a r k r g d a m f 0 . U C 5 f ` m t w r k y j u j D a g t f D a s s @ m ` ` f j k ` r y \ @
C U O M K S @ A M M P N
) E ( U K S @ A M U
U M C A M N O K F S @ A M U U M W K J
U S M P S U F A D M N
) A ( U K S @ A M U
S M A @ M A N O M U U ] \ D
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
U M C A M N O K F S A U M O M G M U U M W K J
o m g k r c s y a N G y j t f f r a u S \ n g f N
c s v . 4 < 1 3 . 7 < < < . 1 < 1 < < [ 7 < 5 Q
U K S H A ] r U m m A U t z \ C a f j f M h e r P a k t d m P U t k
U M F U C
P U A K G P M P J M @ U V \ @ H M K U @
c c m m t m a D m a r t n k t r c n y p a N O
5>
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Fo tnm nycrktrmatmr tnm sujdur aoc oftrkgmo `khpkuocs arm `kovmrtmc tk nycrkgmo sujdfcm aoc ahhkofa aoc masfjy rmhkvmc rmhkvmc vfa strfppfog kd tnm nycrktrmatmc strmah. Kjmdfos arm saturatmc saturatmc tk paraddfos. Snm hmtajs fo tnm dmmc arm rmtafomc ko tnm nycrktrmatmr `atajyst. Dfoajjy, a shajj ahkuot kd `ra`bfog k``urs fo tnm nycrktrmatmr aoc tnm jfgnt nycrk`arekos, wnf`n arm prkcu`mc hust em rmhkvmc fo tnm staefjfzmr fo krcmr tk mstaejfsn tnm foftfaj ekfjfog pkfot as cms`rfemc aekvm. A prk`mss djkw cfagrah dkr dkr a oapntna nycrktrmatmr fs prmsmotmc fo Dfgurm Dfgurm 5.3. Snm dmmc fs usuajjy tabmo drkh a oapntna spjfttmr wnmrm tnm jfgnt pkrtfko (@=/@4) fs cfstfjjmc kdd aoc smot tk ao fskhmrfzatfko uoft kr cfrm`tjy tk tnm gaskjfom pkkj. Snm nmavy pkrtfko fs cfrm`tmc tk tnm nycrktrmatmr wnmrm tnm dmmc fs puhpmc tk kpmratfog prmssurm aoc nmatmc wftn tnm rma`tkr mddjumot emdkrm dfoaj nmatfog fs ckom fo a dfrmc nmatmr. Snm rma`tkr fojmt usuajjy nas skhm skrt kd rm`mptkr tk `kjjm`t s`ajm aoc dfoms. A ckwodjkw kr racfaj djkw rma`tkr `ao em mhpjkymc. Kojy kom rma`tkr fs typf`ajjy ommcmc dkr vfrgfo oapntna smrvf`m. Snm rma`tfkos arm mxktnmrhf` sk tnmrm fs a shajj shajj tmhpmraturm fo`rmasm a`rkss tnm tnm rma`tkr. Snm mddjumot fs `kkjmc dfrst agafost agafost tnm drmsn dmmc aoc tnmo agafost afr aoc/kr watmr. Snm `kocmosmc prkcu`t fs puhpmc tk tnm staefjfzmr wnmrm tnm nycrkgmo sujdfcm, ahhkofa, aoc jfgnt gassms arm strfppmc kut. Snm nycrkgmo fs rm`y`jmc drkh tnm nfgn prmssurm smparatkr smparatkr ea`b tk tnm drkot drkot moc kd tnm uoft. A shajj purgm fs rmhkvmc rmhkvmc fo krcmr tk jfhft tnm eufjcup kd fomrts aoc drmsn nycrkgmo. Habmup drkh tnm rmdkrhmr fs accmc fo krcmr tk hafotafo tnm nycrkgmo partfaj prmssurm wftnfo tnm rma`tkr. Snm twk hafo `ko`mros wftn tnm kpmratfko kd tnm nycrktrmatmr arm `atajyst cma`tfvatfko aoc prmssurm crkp. Nycrktrmatmrs arm typf`ajjy cmsfgomc tk ruo kom tk twk ymars emdkrm tnm `atajyst hust em rmgmomratmc (usuajjy tk `kfo`fcm wftn a pjaot turoarkuoc). \rmssurm crkp fo`rmasms kvmr tnm ruo cum tk s`ajm, `atajyst dfoms, `kbm, aoc pkjyhmr cmpksfts at tnm tkp kd tnm rma`tkr emc (ckwodjkw rma`tkr). Snm tkp kd tnm `atajyst emc `ao usuajjy usuajjy em sbfhhmc vfa vfa ao fomrt motry prk`mcurm wftn hfofhaj ckwotfhm. At tnm sahm tfhm drmsn `atajyst fs fostajjmc tk rmpja`m tnm `atajyst sbfhhmc kdd curfog tnm prk`mcurm. Snm kpmratfog `kocftfkos wftnfo tnm nycrktrmatmr rma`tkr cmpmoc upko tnm partf`ujar dmmc aoc fhpurftfms. Snmy arm typf`ajjy =5=¼D tk >=<¼D at a prmssurm kd 3<< tk ><< psfg. Snm spa`m vmjk`fty (JNPT) fs fo tnm raogm kd 5 tk 4 pmr nkur. Snm nycrkgmo partfaj prmssurm fs hafotafomc aekvm 1<< psfa fo tnm rma`tkr fo krcmr tk assurm assurm `khpjmtm nycrktrmatfog. Nycrkgmo `kosuhptfko fs fo tnm raogm kd =< tk 1=< P@D pmr earrmj dkr a jkw sujdur vfrgfo oapntna, eut `ao em smvmraj tfhms tnfs vajum dkr a `ra`bmc oapntna oa pntna `kotafofog a sfgofdf`aot ahkuot kd kjmdfos aoc cfkjmdfos.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
56
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
s r a m g z c f j f a e m a n t r m P v k
c m t k a t m t r r t ` m k u r h r c c k k d y r m N p r
U M Y F J F E A S P
r h m a t a r m g a r t f 3 . k C 5 r w m c y j r k u N D g a f s D n t s n m ` p k a r O \
s a g m r u \
U K P P M U \ H K @
U K S @ A M U
c s v . 4 < 1 3 . 7 < < < . 1 < 1 < < [ 7 < 5 Q
U K S A U A \ M P
U M J K K @
U M S A M N
o m g k r c y n m j ` y ` m U
c m m d - r k m - g r t t o k t o a ` m n u ` a d j m d x U m m
O M \ G ] - K M U B C A V H N
A N C S N M M \ D A O
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
0<
Pm`tfko 5
5.5.4
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Umdkrhmr Kpmratfko
\rk`mss varfaejms ommc tk em `nm`bmc cafjy (aoc aciustmc as rmqufrmc) tk prkcu`m aoc hafotafo tnm haxfhuh yfmjc kd cmsfrmc prkcu`ts. At tnm sahm tfhm tnm pjaot pjaot kpmratkr hust hmmt prkcu`t quajfty aoc ck ektn wftnfo tnm jfhfts kd a``mptaejm `atajyst jfdm. 5.5.4.1 Gaskjf Gaskjf om Hkcm
Cafjy `nm`bs snkujc fo`jucm tnm rma`tkr fojmt tmhpmraturm, rma`tkr emc cmjta tmhpmraturms, rma`tkr emc kutjmt tmhpmraturms, rma`tkr prmssurm, N9N@ ratfk, aoc spa`m vmjk`fty as wmjj as `nm`bfog a rkugn hatmrfaj eajao`m. Cmjta tmhpmraturm fs ao focf`atfko kd `atajyst a`tfvfty. Kutjmt tmhpmraturm gfvms ao focf`atfko kd rmdkrhfog rma`tfko (f.m. tkk jkw kd a tmhpmraturm hay focf`atm vmry jfttjm rmdkrhfog rma`tfko tabfog pja`m fo tnm ekttkh kd tnm rma`tkr). A pjaot kpmratkr nas nas twk ways tk `naogm tnm smvmrfty smvmrfty kd rmdkrhfog9 rma`tkr fojmt tmhpmraturm tmhpmraturm (WAFS) aoc rma`tkr `nargm ratm ratm (JNPT). Fd a nfgnmr k`taom rmdkrhatm rmdkrhatm fs rmqufrmc, tnm rma`tkr fojmt tmhpmraturms `ao em rafsmc. Fd uoft jfhftatfkos jfhftatfkos ck okt ajjkw a tmhpmraturm fo`rmasm, fo`rmasm, a ekkst fo k`taom ouhemr `ao stfjj em a`nfmvmc ey rmcu`fog tnm `nargm ratm, aoc tnus jkwmrfog spa`m vmjk`fty. 5.5.4.5 ES^ Kpmratfko Kpmratfko
Kpmratfog a `atajytf` rmdkrhmr tk prkcu`m arkhatf`s (ES^) cfddmrs jfttjm drkh rmdkrhfog tk rafsm tnm k`taom dkr hktkr dumj ejmocfog. Snat fs, rmdkrhatms rmdkrhatms wftn nfgn k`taom ouhemrs navm nfgn `ko`motratfkos kd arkhatf`s. Snm twk haikr cfddmrmo`ms fo tnm kpmratfko tk prkcu`m k`taom aoc tk prkcu`m ES^ arm tnm kpmratfog prmssurm aoc tnm dmmcstk`b smjm`tfko. smjm`tfko. Snm prmssurm kd a rmdkrhmr rmdkrhmr kpmratfog wftn a jkw mocpkfot dmmc (as cms`rfemc emjkw) `ao ` ao em jkwmr, tnus haxfhfzfog tnm arkhatf`s yfmjc. Snm oapntna dmmc `ao navm a jkwmr mocpkfot dkr prkcu`fog ES^ em`ausm tnm nfgn ekfjfog (f.m. nmavfmr) `khpkomots `ao em mjfhfoatmc. Snat fs, @6+ `khpkomots (tnksm ekfjfog aekvm 0=<¼D) snkw jmss smjm`tfvfty smjm`tfvfty tk prkcu`m ES^. Fo accftfko, ey dmmcfog a oapntna wftn a jkwmr mocpkfot, tnm `kbfog tmocmo`y kd tnm systmh fs rmcu`mc. Ktnmr dmmcstk`b rmjatmc varfatfkos tnat `ao em usmc tk haxfhfzm ES^ prkcu`tfko arm9
Cmnycrk`y`jfzatfko kd paraddfos fs davkrmc hkrm ey jkwmrfog prmssurm tnao ey rafsfog tmhpmraturm. Snm ekfjfog raogm kd tnm prm`urskrs arm ao focf`atfko kd tnm typm kd arkhatf`s prkcu`mc. Snus, emozmom prm`urskrs arm fo tnm 14<-1><¼D ekfjfog raogm2 tkjumom prm`urskrs arm fo tnm raogm kd 1><-5=<¼D ekfjfog raogm2 aoc xyjmom prm`urskrs ekfj emtwmmo 5=< aoc 0=<¼D. @ra`bmc oapntnas arm prmhfuh dmmcstk`b dkr ES^ prkcu`tfko (f.m., rf`n skur`ms kd arkhatf`s aoc oapntnmoms). Snm nfgnmr tnm arkhatf` `kotmot kd tnm dmmc tk a rmdkrhmr, tnm nfgnmr tnm yfmjc kd arkhatf` easmc ko dmmc.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
01
Pm`tfko 5
5.5.7
@urrmot @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Vfmjcs Vfmjcs aoc ]tfjftfms
Snm quaotfty aoc `khpksftfko kd tnm rmdkrhatm cmpmocs ko tnm dmmcstk`b, tnm `kocftfkos kd kpmratfko, aoc tnm typm kd rmdkrhmr rmdkrhmr systmh. Saejm 5.3 `khparms rmdkrhatm drkh twk typf`aj rmdkrhmrs. Kom fs a smhf-rmgmomratfvm smhf-rmgmomratfvm uoft usfog a efhmtajjf` `atajyst at a jkw smvmrfty smvmrfty kd 64 UKO (rmsmar`n k`taom ouhemr). Snm hkvm tk jmac drmm drmm gaskjfom nas dkr`mc rmdfomrs rmdfomrs tk fotrkcu`m nfgn smvmrfty rmdkrhmrs rmdkrhmrs tnat fo`krpkratm @@U tm`nokjkgy. Snm sm`koc typf`aj rmdkrhmr rmdkrhmr fo tnm taejm fs a @@U uoft kpmratfog at 1<5 UKO. Snm nfgnmr smvmrfty smvmrfty rmdkrhmrs prkcu`m nfgnmr quaotftfms kd tktaj arkhatf`s, aoc wftnfo tnm ES^ dra`tfko tnm prkpkrtfko kd emozmom fs ajsk nfgnmr.
Saejm 5.3 Umdkrhmr Vfmjc Drkh Hmcfuh Quajfty Dujj Uaogm Uaogm Oapntna (wmfgnt pmr`mot) @atajyst @atajyst
A Pmhf-rmgmomratfvm Pmhf-rmgmomratfvm ]of t, Efhmtajjf` @atajyst @atajyst 5= Ear, 64 UKO
Nycrkgmo Gasms J\G @= rmdkrhatm Sktaj Skt aj
1.7 3.= 15.> >1.< 1<<.<
E @kotfoukus Umgmomratfko ]oft Nfgn Ptaefjfty 6 Ear, 1<5 UKO 0.< 0.> 6.> >0.3 1<<.<
Umdkrhatm quajfty Okoarkhatf`s (@=-@>) Emozmom Skjumom ^yjmoms @6 Sktaj Skt aj
3=.3 =.> 14.6 5<.4 11.0 1<<.<
56.0 6.< 51.< 50.7 17.< 1<<.<
(1) (1)
\/O/A94 tk 00>¼D) Vfmjc stru`turm A fs typf`aj kd tnm jmast rf`n rmdkrhatms, jfbmjy tk em usmc dkr ES^ mxtra`tfko2 yfmjc E fs typf`aj kd tnm rf`nmst rmdkrhatms. (0) (0) Snm cata arm easmc ko a`tuaj uoft pmrdkrhao`m2 tnm quajfty kd oapntna fo E fs vmry sfhfjar tk, eut sjfgntjy nmavfmr nmavfmr tnao tnat fo A. (5) (5)
Wnmo rmdkrhfog dkr arkhatf`s kojy, tnm oapntna hay em prmdra`tfkoatmc tk prkcu`m a rmdkrhmr dmmcstk`b kd apprkprfatm `khpksftfko, `khpksftfko, cmpmocfog ko wnf`n ES^ prkcu`ts arm rmqufrmc. Aoktnmr prk`mss s`nmhm fovkjvms tnm usm kd a ejk`bmc rmdkrhmr. A jfgnt `ut passms tk tnm arkhatf`s sm`tfko kd tnm rmdkrhmr dkr prkcu`tfko kd arkhatf`s aoc gaskjfom, wnmrmas tnm nmavfmr `ut fs dmc tk a gaskjfom-kojy part kd tnm tnm rmdkrhmr. Dra`tfkoatfko aoc assk`fatmc taobs wkujc okt em ommcmc tk prkcu`m gaskjfom ajkom, sk tnmfr `kst, fd usmc, snkujc em assfgomc tk tnm rm`kvmrmc arkhatf`s.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
05
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Sypf`aj yfmjcs dkr ]K\'s aoc Axmos‖ rmdkrhfog prk`mssms arm prmsmotmc fo Saejm 5.= aoc 5.4, rmspm`tfvmjy. Sypf`aj utfjftfms dkr ]K\ arm `khparmc wftn Axmos‖ fo Saejm 5.7.
Saejm 5.= Sypf`aj Vfmjcs kd ]K\‖s Umdkrhfog \rk`mssms Umdkrhmr Sypm Dmmc, FE\, ¼D Dmmc, M\, ¼D Av Avmrag ragm prms rmssurm, rm, psfg UKO@ (@=+) @=+UT\, UT\, psf Vfmjcs, JT% @=+ Emozmom Emozmom Skjumom ^yjmoms Nycrkgmo, P@DE
DUO PU
@ut (1) @@U
@ut (1) @@U
DUO @@U
1>< 0>< 0<< 1<< 3.5
51= 0>< =< 65 5.1
51= 0>< =< 1<5 5.5
1>< 0>< =< 1<5 5.>
73.5 5.> 6.7 1=.7 76<
>7.7 <.51 7.3 10.6 1,16<
>3.< <.07 6.4 1>.5 1,45<
>1.> 5.3 6.1 14.> 1,71<
(1) (1)
Emozmom prm`urskrs rmhkvmc
Saejm 5.4 Sypf`aj Vfmjcs Vfmjcs kd Axmos‖ Umdkrhfog \rk`mssms Kpmratfko Umdkrhmr Sypm Dmmc FE\, ¼D M\, ¼D \, vkj% O, vkj% A, A, vkj% \rmssurm UKO@ (@ (@=+) \rkcu`t Emozmom, Emozmom, wt% Skjumom, wt% ^yjmoms wt% @=+ yfmjc, yfmjc, wt% Nycrkgmo, wt%
Gaskjfom @kotfoukus
ES^ Kpmratfko Kpmratfko @kotfoukus
163 00> 4= 54 6 =< 1<5
174 0<5 =7 07 4 =< -
>> 0.>
>.= 54.0 54.1 >7 3.1
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
00
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Saejm 5.7 Sypf`aj ]tfjftfms kd ]K\ ]K\ aoc Axmos Umdkrhfog \rk`mssms (pmr earrmj)
Mjm`trf`aj Mjm`trf`aj pkwmr pkwmr Ptmah-4<< Ptmah-4<< Ekfjmr dmmc watmr Dumj Dumj dfrmc dfrmc Oftrkgmo Oftrkgmo
bW Snkusaoc je Snkusaoc je Hfjjf fjjfko ko Etu Snkusaoc P@D P@D
]K\ <.6<< <.<35 <.<44 <.5=5 <.<<5
Axmos 1.<<> <.<00 <.<75 <.573 <.<<3
(1) (1)
@@U \jatdkrhfog℥ uoft kpmratfog at =< psfg avmragm rma`tkr prmssurm, 1<5 @=+ UKO@ UKO@ wftn wftn a 1,=<< 1,=<< je/nr `atajyst rmgmomratfko sm`tfko (mx`jucfog (mx`jucfog rm`kota`tfog rm`kota`tfog utfj utfjftf ftfms ms tnat tnat arm cmpmocmot cmpmocmot ko eattmry jfhfts prmssurm) (5) (5) Avmragm kd gaskjfom aoc arkhatf`s kpmratfkos
Ajtnkugn hkst omw `kotfoukus rmdkrhmrs cmsfgomc dkr gaskjfom prkcu`tfko prkcu`m rmdkrhatm wftn a UKO kd aekut 1<5, rmdkrhmrs cmsfgomc dkr ES^ prkcu`tfko prkcu`m rmdkrhatm wftn a UKO kd at jmast 1<3 aoc skhm skhm as nfgn as 1<>. Kjcmr PU rmdkrhmrs prkcu`m rmdkrhatm rmdkrhatm wftn a UKO kd aekut 64 tk 1<<. Ft fs fhpkrtaot tk uocmrstaoc tnat a nfgn k`taom rmdkrhatm rmdkrhatm strmah wfjj `kotafo jkw jmvmjs kd @> paraddfos, su`n tnat a sfhpjmr aoc jmss `kstjy rm`kvmry djkw s`nmhm fs rmqufrmc. A jkw @> paraddfo `ko`motratfko ajjkws tnm @>+ pkrtfko kd tnm rmdkrhatm tk em smparatm ey cfstfjjatfko. Nfgn jmvmjs kd @> paraddfos wfjj rmqufrm ao mxtra`tfko prk`mss.
5.5.>
@khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
5.5.>.1 ]K\
]K\ nas cmsfgomc aoc jf`mosmc hkrm tnao 4<< dfxmc emc pjus 1=3 kpmratfog @@U \jatdkrhfog℥ uofts tnrkugnkut tnm wkrjc raogfog fo sfzm drkh 1=,<<< tk 40,<<< E\PC. ]K\ dfrst fotrkcu`mc fotrkcu`mc fts \jatdkrhfog prk`mss usfog usfog tnm dfrst `khhmr`faj pjatfouh `atajyst fo 1636. Snm dfrst gmomratfko `kotfoukus `atajyst rmgmomratfko (@@U) rmdkrhmr was was `khhmr`fajfzmc fo 1671. Snm sm`koc gmomratfko @@U tm`nokjkgy `nara`tmrfzmc ey vmry jkw prmssurm kpmratfko (apprkxfhatmjy =< psfg) nas emmo avafjaejm sfo`m 166<, aoc a jkw pjatfouh `atajyst (U-03) vmrsfko kd ]K\‖s staocarc rmdkrhfog `atajyst, U-05, fs ajsk avafjaejm. ]K\‖s U-103 `atajyst fs fts ‚staocarc‘ ‚staocarc‘ fo tnfs arma. Snm sm`koc gmomratfko @@U was `khhmr`fajfzmc tkwarc tnm moc kd 16>> aoc nas nac ouhmrkus uofts cmsfgomc sfo`m. 5.5.>.5 Axmos
Axmos fs tnm kojy ktnmr jf`moskr tk kddmr a `kotfoukus `atajyst rmgmomratfko rmdkrhmr. Fts K`taofzfog® aoc Arkhfzfog℥ Arkhfzfog℥ prk`mssms arm wmjj tmstmc wftn kvmr =< jf`mosms jf`mosms awarcmc. Snm Arkhfzfog prk`mss (Arkhatf`s hkcm) fs a nfgn smvmrfty prk`mss tnat usms a spm`fajjy tafjkrmc `atajyst tk prkcu`m `nmhf`aj gracm arkhatf`s. Axmos‖ jatmst fookvatfko fs tnm ‚cry euro jkkp,‘ aoc acvao`mc rmgmomratkr cmsfgo ( Umgmo@ ℥). Umgmo@ ℥). Snfs omw rmgmomratkr fs `jafhmc tk prkvfcm jkogmr `atajyst jfdm aoc rmcu`mc `atajyst `ksts kd 0< tk 7< pmr`mot. Axmos‖ jatmst `atajyst, @U 3<1, nas cmhkostratmc fhprkvmc fhprkvmc @=+ aoc nycrkgmo yfmjc aoc jkwmr attrftfko jmvmjs. Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
03
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
5.5.>.0 Ktnmr
Pmhf-rmgmomratfvm rmdkrhmr cmsfgos arm avafjaejm dkr jf`mosm drkh MxxkoHkefj (\kwmrdkrhfog) aoc Mogmjnarc (Hagoadkrhfog) as wmjj as ]K\ aoc Axmos. Snm Mogjmnarc (Hagoadkrhfog) (Hagoadkrhfog) tm`nokjkgy aoc tm`nof`aj smrvf`m tk tnmsm tnmsm uofts nas emmo traosdmrrmc traosdmrrmc tk Axmos. MxxkoHkefj ajsk kddmrs fts `y`jf` rmdkrhfog tm`nokjkgy. @nmvrko \nfjjfps aoc E\ arm okt prmsmotjy jf`mosfog tnmfr rmdkrhfog tm`nokjkgy (Unmofdkrhfog aoc ]jtradkrhfog, rmspm`tfvmjy).
5.0
\UKC]@SFKO DUKH \VUKJVPFP GAPKJFOM
\yrkjysfs gaskjfom (pygas), a eyprkcu`t kd kjmdfos prkcu`tfko ey stmah `ra`bfog oapntna kd gas kfj dmmcstk`bs, `kotafos a nfgn prkpkrtfko kd arkhatf`s, prfharfjy emozmom aoc tkjumom, aoc a shajjmr ahkuot kd @> arkhatf`s tnat `kotafo up tk 3< pmr`mot mtnyjemozmom. \yrkjysfs gaskjfom yfmjcs arm cmtmrhfomc ey tnm smvmrfty kd tnm `ra`bfog kpmratfko aoc tnm `khpksftfko kd dmmcstk`bs. \ygas fs kojy a eyprkcu`t kd ao kjmdfo uoft, sk tnmsm tnmsm twk da`tkrs arm cmtmrhfomc ey tnm kvmrajj m`kokhf`s kd tnm pjaot. Snm mddm`ts kd dmmcstk`b dmmcstk`b ko ES^ yfmjcs arm suhharfzmc fo Dfgurms 5.=.
Dfgur m 5.= Mddm`t kd Ptmah @ra`bmr @ra`bmr Dmmcstk` Dmmcstk` b ko A rkhatf`s Vfmjc <.4< m <.=< o m j y n t M<.3< d k o k S <.0< r m \ o k <.5< S
<.1< <.<< Mtnaom
\rkp rkpaom aom
o-Eut -Eutaom
Emozm mozmom om
Jfgnt fgnt Dujj Uaogm Jfgnt Jfgnt AGK Oapntna Oapntna
\rkpao rkpaom m
o-Eut o-Eutao aom m
NTG NTGK
Jfgn Jfgntt Oapn Oapnttna
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nar t s.xjs
Snm mddm`t kd fo`rmasfog smvmrfty kd tnm `ra`bmr kpmratfko fs tk fo`rmasm tnm yfmjc kd arkhatf`s. Snfs fs snkwo fo Dfgurm 5.4 dkr a dujj raogm oapntna (DUO) dmmcstk`b. Snm smvmrfty (cmdfomc ey tnm prkpyjmom tk mtnyjmom ratfk) fs varfmc drkh a nfgn smvmrfty kpmratfko (\/M8<.3>) tk a hmcfuh Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
0=
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
smvmrfty (\/M8<.=6). Snm ES^ `kotmot fs jkwmrmc drkh 46 tk 35 pmr`mot kd tnm pygas aoc tnm emozmom crkps drkh 06 tk 16 pmr`mot. As tnm yfmjc kd mtnyjmom fs ajsk fo`rmasfog, tnm ratfk kd arkhatf`s tk mtnyjmom dajjs aoc tnmo rfsms.
Dfgur m 5.4 Mddm`t kd Pmvmrfty ko Arkhatf`s Vfmjcs dkr a Dujj Uaogm Oapntna Oapntna Dmmc Dmmc 1.5 \/M8<.=6<
1.< m o m j y <.> n t M d k o <.4 k S r m \ o <.3 k S
\/M8<.=3< \/M8<.=14 \/M8<.37>
<.5 <.< Nfgn
Ptaocarc Emoz mozmom mom
Skju Skjumo mom m
Fotmrhmcfatm ^yjmom yjmoms s
Hmcfuh
Ktnmr nmr
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nar ts.xj s
\yrkjysfs gaskjfom `kotafos sfgofdf`aot quaotftfms kd cfkjmdfof` hatmrfajs tnat, wnmo jmdt staocfog dkr aoy pmrfkc kd tfhm, tfhm, tmoc tk dkrh guh, mvmo at ahefmot `kocftfkos. Snm strmah fs tnmrmdkrm tnmrmdkrm nycrkgmoatmc prfkr tk accftfko tk tnm gaskjfom pkkj. Snfs nycrktrmatmr usms of`bmj kr pajjacfuh `atajysts aoc rmqufrms a nycrkgmo skur`m. Snm cfkjmdfos arm `kovmrtmc tk prfhary kjmdfos, kjmdfos, aoc tnm prkcu`t drkh tnm dfrst stagm nycrktrmatmr fs kd hktkr hktkr gaskjfom quajfty. Fd `nmhf`aj gracm arkhatf`s arm rmqufrmc, ajj kjmdfos hust em rmhkvmc drkh tnm dmmc prfkr tk arkhatf`s mxtra`tfko. Snfs om`mssftatms a sm`koc stagm nycrktrmatmr kpmratfog uocmr hkrm smvmrm `kocftfkos tk mosurm `khpjmtm saturatfko kd tnm kjmdfos. Snmrm arm a ouhemr kd pkssfejm `kodfguratfkos kd tnm twk nycrktrmathmot stagms aoc tnm twk cfstfjjatfko `kjuhos, wnksm smjm`tfko cmpmocs ko da`tkrs su`n as tnm `kst kd nycrkgmo aoc tnm cmstfoatfko kd tnm ktnmr prkcu`t strmahs. Fo aoy `asm, tnm sm`koc sm`koc nycrktrmathmot stagm fs ommcmc kojy fd arkhatf`s arm tk em mxtra`tmc aoc tnm `ksts kd tnfs prk`mssfog p rk`mssfog snkujc em prkpmrjy ekrom ey tnm arkhatf` prkcu`ts. A rmprmsmotatfvm aoajysfs dkr a dfrst stagm nycrktrmatmc pyrkjysfs gaskjfom cmrfvmc drkh oapntna fs gfvmo fo Saejm 5.>.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
04
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Saejm 5.> \yrkjysfs Gaskjfom Aoajysfs @khpksftfko @3s Emozmom Skjumom ^yjmoms Mtnyjemozmom Ptyrmom \rkpmrtfms Cfmom vajum Mxfstfog Mxfstfog guh Gravfty Ekfjfog raogm FE\ =< \mr`mot DE\ UT\ Tfs`ksfty Erkhfom ouhemr UKO Pujdur
5.3
AUKHASF@P AUKHA SF@P M^SUA@SFKO M^SUA @SFKO
5.3.1
Fotrkcu`tfko
(wmfgnt pmr`mot) Hfofhuh <.< 57.< 1=.< 3.< 1.< <.<
Haxfhuh 1.< 0=.< 5=.< 6.< 1.= <.=
5 hax 3 hg/1<
5 gh/`` gh/`` 3<-4<¼@ ><-1<<¼@ 17<-5<<¼@ <.3-<.4 <.3-<.4 bgh/`` <.7-<.> `\ 5< gh Er/1<< gh 1< <.1 hax
Ft fs om`mssary tk usm a skjvmot mxtra`tfko tm`nofqum tk rm`kvmr ES^ prkcu`ts kd `khhmr`faj quajfty, sfo`m arkhatf`s aoc okoarkhatf`s hay navm sfhfjar ekfjfog pkfots aoc dkrh azmktrkpms. Adtmr mxtra`tfko, tnm ES^ prkcu`ts `ao em smparatmc, fd om`mssary, ey cfstfjjatfko. Snmrm arm tnrmm easf` typms kd skjvmot mxtra`tfko systmhs9
Azmktrkpf` cfstfjjatfko, wnf`n usms a jkw ekfjfog pkfot skjvmot wftn ao addfofty dkr okoarkhatf`s. Snm skjvmot fs cfstfjjmc kvmrnmac wftn tnm okoarkhatf` raddfoatm. raddfoatm. Mxtra`tfvm cfstfjjatfko (MC), wnf`n mhpjkys a nfgn ekfjfog pkfot skjvmot wftn ao addfofty dkr arkhatf`s. Snm fodjumo`m tnat a skjvmot nas ko tnm ekfjfog tmhpmraturm kd tnm varfkus `khpkomots fs fs snkwo fo fo Saejm 5.6. Snm mddm`t mddm`t kd tnm arkhatf`s arkhatf`s fs sfgofdf`aot. Dkr emozmom tnm ekfjfog tmhpmraturm fo`rmasms ey ajhkst 1<<¼D, wnmrmas dkr `y`jknmxaom tnm cmjta fs aekut 10¼D. Snus, tnm okoarkhatf`s `ao em cfstfjjmc kvmrnmac, wnmrmas tnm ekttkhs prkcu`t wfjj `kosfst kd skjvmot jkacmc wftn arkhatf`s. Snm arkhatf`s `ao tnmo em smparatmc drkh tnm skjvmot ey cfstfjjatfko. cfstfjjatfko. Fo tnm MC stmp, tnm jfgnt okoarkhatf`s arm prmdmrmotfajjy rmhkvmc em`ausm kd tnmfr jkwmr ekfjfog pkfot, ajtnkugn tnfs `ao em partjy `khpmosatmc dkr ey a nfgn jfgnt/nmavy jfgnt/nmavy smjm`tfvfty kd tnm skjvmot. As a rmsujt, tnm arkhatf`s prkcu`t `kotafos rmjatfvmjy shajj quaotftfms kd jfgnt jfgnt okoarkhatf`s. Snfs hmaos tnat a emozmom kd rmaskoaejm quajfty hay em ketafomc drkh @4-@> `ut, eut tnm tkjumom aoc
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
07
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
xyjmoms wkujc em pkkrmr quajfty. Dkr tnfs rmasko, MC fs okrhajjy usmc wnmo tnm dmmc fs a nmart `ut kd tnm apprkprfatm ekfjfog raogm.
Saejm 5.6 Mxtra`tfvm Cfstfjjatfko9 Mddm`t kd O-Dkrhyjhkrpnkjfom Pkjvmot ko Ekfjf og Smhpmraturms at Kom Athksp nmrm, ¼D ¼D Arkh Ar khatf` atf` s Emozmom Skjumom Oapntnmoms @y`jknmxaom Hmtnyj`y`jknmxaom traos-1,5-Cfhmtnyj`y`jkpmotaom `fs-1,3-Cfhmtnyj`y`jknmxaom \araddfos o-Nmptaom o-K`taom 5-Hmtnyjnmptaom Kjmdfos 3-Hmtnyj-1-nmxmom 1-Nmxmom 1-Nmptmom 1-K`tmom ¶O-Dkrhyjhkrpnkjfom (ODH)
\urm @khpkomot
1=% @khpkomot/ >=% Pkjvmot¶
@4N4 @7N>
174.57 501.14
57=.>5 051.57
@4N15 @7N13 @7N13 @>N14
177.03 510.71 167.05 5==.><
16<.17 55=.=5 5<6.36 544.3>
@7N14 @>N1> @>N1>
5<6.61 5=>.17 530.77
51>.4= 105.34 5=4.<4
@7N13 @4N15 @7N13 @>N14
1>>.15 13=.5< 5<<.=7 5=<.5=
5<3.55 13>.6< 51>.0> 57=.37
Jfqufc/jfqufc skjvmot mxtra`tfko (JJM), wnf`n usms skjvmots tnat dkrh a smparatm jfqufc pnasm. Arkhatf`s arm `kosfcmraejy hkrm skjuejm tnao okoarkhatf`s fo tnm skjvmots mhpjkymc. Snm arkhatf`s arm mxtra`tmc drkh drkh tnm dmmc strmah fo a jfqufc/jfqufc `kota`tkr, aoc tnm mxtra`t strmah fs strfppmc strfppmc tk rm`kvmr tnm arkhatf` prkcu`t aoc tnm skjvmot. Fo tnfs `asm, tnm arkhatf` prkcu`t wkujc tmoc tk em hkrm `kotahfoatmc ey tnm jfgnt okoarkhatf`s tnat arm prmdmrmotfajjy strfppmc kdd fo tnm sm`koc stagm. Dkr jfqufc/jfqufc mxtra`tfko, a jkw jfgnt/nmavy smjm`tfvfty fs rmqufrmc (f.m. dmwmr jfgnt okoarkhatf`s pass fotk tnm skjvmot).
Wftnfo ma`n typm, tnmrm arm a ouhemr kd skjvmots avafjaejm. Nkwmvmr, dkr a gfvmo prk`mss cmsfgo tnm skjvmot typm fs okt rmpja`maejm. rmpja`maejm. JJM fs usuajjy usuajjy mhpjkymc wnmrm rm`kvmry kd emozmom aoc tkjumom arm fhpkrtaot wftn wftn rmspm`t tk yfmjc aoc quajfty. MC fs usuajjy mhpjkymc wnmrm tnm bmy prkcu`t fs emozmom aoc/kr tnm yfmjc fs okt sk `rftf`aj. \rkpmrtfms kd varfkus skjvmots arm snkwo fo Saejm 5.1<. Snm `khpjmhmotary dmaturms kd tnm MC aoc tnm jfqufc/jfqufc mxtra`tfko systmhs arm kdtmo `khefomc wnmo mxtra`tfko kd tnm dujj ES^ raogm raogm fs rmqufrmc. Fo tnfs `asm, tnm mxtra`t drkh drkh tnm jfqufc/jfqufc stagm passms tk ao MC `kjuho, wnmrm okoarkhatf`s aoc skhm arkhatf`s arm rmhkvmc as kvmrnmacs prkcu`t, wnf`n rm`y`jms tk tnm jfqufc/jfqufc mxtra`tfko stagm. Snm ekttkhs prkcu`t drkh tnm MC vkjuhm passms tk a strfppmr tk smparatm tnm purfdfmc arkhatf`s aoc tnm skjvmot.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
0>
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Saejm 5.1< \rkpmrtfms kd Mxtra`tfko Cfstfjjatfko Pkjvmots
Dkrhuja Hkjm`ujar wmfgnt ep L 1.< Bg/@h5, ¼@ Drmmzfog pkfot, ¼@ Djasn pkfot, ¼@ Hfs`fejm Hfs`fejm wftn watmr Phmjj Phmjj/kckr /kckr Ptaefjft Ptaefjfty y (1) Ekfjfog pkfot cfddmrmo`m(1) Kpmratfog @kocftfkos Smhpmraturm, Smhpmraturm, ¼@ \rmssurm, ear Uatfk kd skjvmot tk raw hatmrfaj hatmrfaj (1) (1)
Pujdkjaom
O-Hmtnyjpyrrkjfckom (OH\)
Cfhmtnysujdkxfcm (CHP)
O- Dkrhyjhkrpnkjfom D krhyjhkrpnkjfom (ODH)
@3N>K5P 15<.4 5>7 57 177 Vms Kfj-jfbm Kfj-jfbm Gkkc 71
@=N6OK 66.10 5<= -5= 61 Vms Dafotjy Dafotjy khfokus Tmry gkkc 13
N0@PK@N0 7>.10 1>6 16 >6 Vms Okom Cm`khp L 16<¼@ --
@=N6OK5 11=.10 530 50 116 Vms Tmry dafot dafot Tmry gkkc 54
1<< 5 0-491
5<-3< 1 3-=91
5<-0< 1 0-=91
1><-5<< 1 =-491
Emozmom ekfjfog pkfot ‐ hmtnyj`y`jknmxaom ep (fo tnm prmsmo`m kd skjvmot)
Fo gmomraj JJM prk`mssms arm hkrm `apftaj fotmosm aoc navm nfgnmr utfjfty rmqufrmhmots, eut prkcu`m a nfgnmr prkcu`t yfmjc aoc arm suftaejm dkr ES^ smparatfko. MC prk`mssms navm jkwmr `apftaj rmqufrmhmots aoc jkwmr utfjfty rmqufrmhmots. Snm MC prk`mssms tmoc tk gfvm a jkwmr prkcu`t yfmjc aoc arm suftaejm dkr emozmom smparatfko. JJM fs okrhajjy smjm`tmc wnmrm tnmrm fs a ommc dkr nfgn quajfty, nfgn yfmjc kd tkjumom, partf`ujarjy dkr suesmqumot `kovmrsfko (m.g., SC\).
5.3.5
ES^ Mxtra`tfk Mxtra`tfk o \rk`mssms
A ouhemr kd prk`mssms arm avafjaejm dkr tnm mxtra`tfko kd ES^. JJM tm`nokjkgfms arm avafjaejm drkh ]K\ (Pujdkjaom aoc @arkh), Axmos (Pujdkjaom), aoc Jurgf (Arkskjvao). (Arkskjvao). Hkst kd tnm prk`mssms `apaejm kd prkcu`fog ajj tnrmm arkhatf`s at `khhmr`faj quajfty drkh a wfcm ekfjfog raogm dmmcstk`b arm easmc ko a watmr kr hkokmtnyjmom gjy`kj kr cfmtnyjmom gjy`kj mxtra`taot. Snfs prk`mss nas emmo `khhmr`faj sfo`m tnm `khefoatfko kd jfqufc/jfqufc mxtra`tfko aoc mxtra`tfvm cfstfjjatfko. Jurgf‖s ArkskjvaoSH prk`mss dkr tnm rm`kvmry kd ES^ arkhatf`s fs su`n a systmh. Snm skjvmot fs a hfxturm kd O-hmtnyjpyrrkjfckom (OH\) aoc watmr kr hkokmtnyjmom gjy`kj kr cfmtnyjmom gjy`kj. Snfs prk`mss nas emmo `khhmr`faj sfo`m tnm jatm 16=
06
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
`kuotmrmc ey tnm accftfko kd shajj shajj quaotftfms kd watmr tk cmprmss tnm ekfjfog pkfot. Hkrm tnao 6< omw Pujdkjaom uofts aoc mfgnt `kovmrsfkos tk ]cmx navm emmo jf`mosmc tk catm, wftn a tktaj `apa`fty fo mx`mss kd <.6= <. 6= hfjjfko earrmjs pmr cay kd dmmc. Wnmrm kojy twk `khpkomots, su`n as emozmom aoc tkjumom, arm cmsfrmc, tnmrm fs tnm kptfko kd `uttfog tk a @4 aoc a @7 dra`tfko aoc smocfog ma`n tk a smparatm MC systmh. Brupp ]ncm kddmrs tnfs apprka`n vfa fts Hkrpnyjaom® prk`mss, easmc ko O-dkrhyjhkrpnkjfom (ODH). (ODH). Dkr dujj ES^ mxtra`tfko, nkwmvmr, Brupp ]ncm kddmrs a `khefomc jfqufc/jfqufc pjus MC prk`mss `ajjmc HkrpnyjmxSH easmc ko tnm sahm skjvmot. Brupp ]ncm nas appjfmc cfvfcmc-wajj `kjuho (CW@) tm`nokjkgy tk fts MC prk`mss aoc `jafhs ao momrgy savfogs kd up tk 0= pmr`mot aoc `apftaj savfogs up tk 5< pmr`mot. (A cfvfcfog-wajj fo a vmrtf`aj `kjuho pmrhfts pmrhfts twk cfstfjjatfko stmps stmps tk em pmrdkrhmc fo kom pfm`m kd mqufphmot, wftn a rmcu`mc ouhemr kd nmat mx`naogmrs aoc pmrfpnmraj mqufphmot ftmhs). Umdkrhatm aoc pygas `ao em trmatmc trmatmc tkgmtnmr fo a ES^ mxtra`tfko uoft. Fo tnm `asm kd rmdkrhatm, a dujj @4+ `ut fs kdtmo kdtmo trmatmc, ajjkwfog rm`kvmry kd xyjmoms. Dkr pygas, a @4-@7 `ut hay em usmc as dmmcstk`b em`ausm kd tnm nfgn prkpkrtfko kd jmss cmsfraejm mtnyjemozmom fo tnm @> arkhatf`s. Snm Pujdkjaom prk`mss fs cms`rfemc as ao mxahpjm kd a wfcmjy usmc tm`nokjkgy, aoc a typf`aj djkwsnmmt dkr a Pujdkjaom uoft fs snkwo fo Dfgurm 5.7. Snm `apftaj fovmsthmot rmqufrmhmots aoc utfjfty `kosuhptfko dkr a sujdkjaom mxtra`tfko uoft fs cfrm`tjy jfobmc tk tnm dmmcstk`b `khpksftfko aoc tnm partf`ujar ommcs kd tnm `jfmot. Snm rmdkrhatm dmmcstk`b hay em prmdra`tfkoatmc fd tnm purpksm kd tnm systmh fs tk rmhkvm kojy smjm`tmc arkhatf`s, ajtnkugn, as cms`rfemc prmvfkusjy, tnm systmh fs cmsfgomc dkr dujj ES^ rmhkvaj. Snm dmmc `ut motmrs tnm mxtra`tkr, wnf`n fs typf`ajjy a rktatfog rktatfog cfs` `kota`tkr. Snm dmmc djkws upwarc `kuotmr`urrmot tk a strmah kd Pujdkjaom skjvmot, wnmrm arkhatf` nycrk`arekos arm smjm`tfvmjy cfsskjvmc. ]ocfsskjvmc nycrk`arekos, `khprfsfog `khprfsfog hafojy okoarkhatf`s, arm rmhkvmc drkh tnm tkp kd tnm mxtra`tkr as tnm raddfoatm pnasm. Snm mxtra`t pnasm, kr rf`n skjvmot, djkws drkh tnm ekttkh kd tnm mxtra`tkr tk tnm mxtra`t strfppmr. Snfs fs tnm mxtra`tfvm mxtra`tfvm cfstfjjatfko stmp, stmp, wnmrm jfgnt okoarkhatf`s arm strfppmc. Jfgnt okoarkhatf`s arm `kocmosmc aoc rmturomc as a rmdjux tk tnm mxtra`tkr sfo`m tnmy `kotafo skhm arkhatf`s uoavkfcaejy vkjatfjfzmc fo tnm mxtra`t strfppmr. strfppmr. Snfs mxtra`tfvm cfstfjjatfko cfstfjjatfko stmp fs a prkcu`t purfty `kotrkj2 tnm jfgnt rmdjux, wnf`n cfspja`ms nmavy okoarkhatf`s drkh tnm skjvmots, fs ajsk emomdf`faj. Kom kd tnm dmaturms kd tnm prk`mss fs fs tnm aefjfty tk tk usm a ‚sm`kocary skjvmot.‘ Fostmac kd ajj skjvmot passfog tnrkugn tnm jfqufc/jfqufc mxtra`tfog `kjuho, a pkrtfko kd rm`y`jmc skjvmot `ao em eypassmc tk mxtra`tfvm cfstfjjatfko. Snfs pmrhfts tnm prkhktfko kd nfgn vkjatfjfty okoarkhatf`s fo mxtra`tfvm cfstfjjatfko wnfjm tabfog acvaotagm kd rmjatfvmjy nfgn nycrk`areko jkacfog fo jfqufc/jfqufc mxtra`tfko. Snm ekttkhs strmah drkh tnm mxtra`t strfppmr `kotafos tnm omt arkhatf`s prkcu`t aoc tnm Pujdkjaom skjvmot. Snfs passms tk tnm rm`kvmry `kjuho, `kjuho, wnmrm tnm arkhatf`s arm strfppmc drkh tnm nfgn ekfjfog skjvmot. A jfgnt rmdjux rmcu`ms skjvmot `arrykvmr wftn tnm arkhatf`s. Nfgn purfty arkhatf`s arm rm`kvmrmc rm`kvmrmc as prkcu`t, aoc tnm skjvmot fs rm`y`jmc. Snm arkhatf`s prkcu`t fs `jay trmatmc tk rmhkvm rmsfcuaj `kotahfoaots tnat hay addm`t tnm a`fc wasn `kjkr tmst. Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
3<
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
S @ A U S ^ M
] / H m t a s o m c o k @ o a m j @
U M P O M C O K @
s s m ` k r \ m 7 . o a 5 j m k r d u j u g P f D \ K ] / j j m n P
. \ t h N P
. \ h t N P
. \ h U t K N P S A U M O M G M U
V U O M H T ] K J @ K M @ U
U M P O M C O K @
c s v . 4 < 1 3 . 7 < < < . 1 < 1 < < [ 7 < 5 Q
U U M M \ S F \ A U W S P
U M \ \ F U S P
. \ h t H P
m t a o f d d a U
U K S @ A U S ^ M
. W . @
N M P S A O A W H O ] F J D U M D S K A A @ U W
c m z f o c a m t o m m D p m C
t o m v j k P
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
31
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Uaddfoatm drkh tnm tkp kd tnm mxtra`tkr rmqufrms a watmr wasn tk rm`kvmr cfsskjvmc skjvmot. Ft fs wasnmc `kuotmr`urrmotjy wftn skjvmot drmm watmr emdkrm mxpkrt. Snm skjvmot fs rm`kvmrmc drkh tnm watmr fo a watmr strfppmr wnmrm tnm nmat kd mvapkratfko fs prkvfcmc ey focfrm`t mx`naogm wftn nkt jmao skjvmot. Ptmah gmomratmc fo fo tnm strfppmr strfppmr suppjfms tnm mxtra`t rm`kvmry `kjuho. Snfs fs a bmy dmaturm kd tnm nmat fotmgratfko kd tnm prk`mss. Pujdkjaom cmgracatfko, prfharfjy rmjatmc tk kxfcatfko jkss, `ao em hfofhfzmc ey usfog prkpmr gas ejaobmtmc dmmc aoc ey rmcu`fog mqufphmot jmabagm. Fotmrhfttmotjy, a rmgmomratkr cfstfjjs cfstfjjs skjvmot kvmrnmac aoc rmtafos cmgracmc hatmrfaj dkr cfs`nargm. Snm arkhatf`s prkcu`t strmah passms tk a cfstfjjatfko systmh tk smparatm tnm emozmom, tkjumom, aoc xyjmoms prkcu`ts, as snkwo fo Dfgurm 5.>. A ejk`b djkw cfagrah dkr ES^ rm`kvmry fo `koiuo`tfko wftn a jfqufc/jfqufc skjvmot mxtra`tfko uoft fs snkwo fo Dfgurm 5.11. Snm `krrmspkocfog hatmrfaj eajao`ms dkr pygas aoc rmdkrhatm dmmcs arm gfvmo fo Saejms 5.11 aoc 5.15, rmspm`tfvmjy. Snm kom `asm (pygas) nas a nfgn emozmom (03 pmr`mot) aoc jkw xyjmoms (10 pmr`mot) `ko`motratfko. Snm ktnmr `asm (rmdkrhatm) nas a jkw emozmom (jmss tnao 4 pmr`mot) `ko`motratfko aoc a nfgn xyjmoms `ko`motratfko (ajhkst 5< pmr`mot), typf`aj kd a rmdkrhmr kpmratfog fo a gaskjfom hkcm. Snm easfs dkr tnm pygas fs typf`aj typf`aj prkcu`tfko dkr a stmah `ra`bmr mhpjkyfog a oapntna dmmc at staocarc smvmrfty (apprkxfhatmjy <.= pkuocs kd prkpyjmom pmr pkuoc kd mtnyjmom) at mtnyjmom `apa`fty kd 1 efjjfko pkuocs pmr ymar. Snm kptfhuh ES^ dra`tfkoatfko cmsfgo fs easmc ko wkrb ckom ey @nuog mt aj.
Saejm 5.11 ES^ Um`kvmry Hatmrfaj Eajao`m (\ygas) Ptrmah Ouhe mr Ptrmah Oahm
1
5
0
3
=
4
7
>
6
Dmmc
Cm@= Kvnc
Uaddfoatm
Mxtra`t
Ez Crag
Emozmom
Skjumom
^yjmoms
@6+ arkhatf`s
1<3
1<=
1<=
1<=
17>.1
15<
15<
15<
15<
75.= <.< 677 >1,354
0<.< <.< 54> 1>,5=0
13<.< <.< 3= 3,061
13<.< <.< 44= =>,7>0
1=.< 1.< > 4<1
3=.< <.< 0=1 57,314
==.< <.< <.< 144 1=,301
5<.< <.< 1<1 1<,717
3=.< <.< 06 3,451
1,4=1
33<
1<=
1,1<6
15
=17
56=
5<0
>>
55.5% =.6% 03.5% 1>.6% 10.5% =.4%
6>.6% 1.<% <.5% <.<% <.<% <.<%
<.4% 66.3% <.<% <.<% <.<% <.<% <.<%
<.<% <.3% 37.0% 54.5% 1>.0% 7.7%
<.<% 0=.1% 0=.1% 43.6% <.<% <.<% <.<%
<.<% <.1% 66.6% <.1% <.<% <.<%
<.<% <.1% <.1% 66.>% <.1% <.<%
<.<% <.<% <.<% <.1% 66.>% 66.>% <.1%
<.<% <.<% <.<% <.<% 1.4% 6>.3%
\rkpmrtfms Smhpmraturm, Smhpmraturm, ¼D \rmssurm, psfa Tapkr Dra`tfko Dra`tfko Hkjm Djkw, Je hkj/nr Hass Djkw, Je/nr Tkjuhm Djkw, `u. dt./ dt./nr nr @khpksftfko, wt p`t @=@4-@> oko arkhatf`s arkhatf `s Emozmom Skjumom ^yjmoms @6+
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
35
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
o k f t ` m P o k f t > . a 5 o k m f r u t ` g r a f D D s ` f t a h k r A
m o m u j k S
U M P O M C O K @
. \ h N t P M O O M H ] ] J J K K S @
r k m r g a S t a m r C r W p p m f m t r t a u r o m k P z W P o m E
U M P O M C O K @
m o m z o m E
s ` f t a h k r A y v a m N
. \ t h H P
s m o m j y ^ c m x f H
M O O M H Y ] O J M K E @
U B M S O A A S M U M S G V U A A J N @ @
c s v . 4 < 1 3 . 7 < < < . 1 < 1 < < [ 7 < 5 Q
U M V S A A J M @ U S
P O M O H M ] J J V K ^ @
. \ h N t P t f h o k ] r D m t o a ` j a d k r j t x u M P
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
30
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
s ` f t a h k r A + 6 @
s m o m j y ^
m o m z o m E
6
>
4
m o m u j k S
7
g a r C z E
=
m t a o f d d a U
= @
5
0
U M Y F O A S O M \ M C
P O M O H M ] J J V K ^ @
h a r g a f C w k j 6 D . 5 b ` m k r j u E g f y D r m v k ` m U ^ S E
c s v . 4 < 1 3 . 7 < < < . 1 < 1 < < [ 7 < 5 Q
M O O H M ] ] J J K K S @
M O O H M Y ] O J M K E @
3
O S K O F S M @ T A J K U P S ^ M
S / N
1
c m m D
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
33
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Saejm 5.15 ES^ Um`kvmry Hatmrfaj Eajao`m (Umdkrhatm) Ptrmah Ouhe mr Ptrmah Oahm
1
5
0
3
=
4
7
>
6
Dmmc
Cm@= Kvnc
Uaddfoatm
Mxtra`t
Ez Crag
Emozmom
Skjumom
^yjmoms
@6+ arkhatf`s
1<3 75.= <.< 1,3=7 100,035 5,>34
1<= 1<= 0<.< <.< 54> 1>,563 33<
1<= 13<.< <.< 3= 3=,064 1<=
1<= 13<.< <.< 44= 46,446 1,1<6
17>.1 1=.< 1.< = 061 >
15< 3=.< <.< 6< 7,<45 100
15< ==.< <.< 516 5<,0=4 0>6
15< 5<.< <.< 53= 54,<03 363
15< 3=.< <.< 105 1=,>50 0<5
16.1% 5>.7% =.4% 1=.5% 16.7% 11.4%
66.1% <.6% <.<% <.<% <.<% <.<%
14.0% >0.7% <.<% <.<% <.<% <.<%
<.<% <.1% 1<.7% 56.5% 07.>% 55.5%
<.<% <.=% 66.=% <.<% <.<% <.<%
<.<% <.1% 66.6% <.<% <.<% <.<%
<.<% <.1% <.1% 66.7% <.<% <.<%
<.<% <.1% <.1% <.<% <.1% 66.>% <.<%
<.<% <.<% <.<% <.<% 5.5% 67.>%
\rkpmrtfms Smhpmraturm, Smhpmraturm, ¼D \rmssurm, psfa Tapkr Dra`tfko Hkjm Djkw, Je hkj/nr Hass Djkw, Je/nr Tkjuhm Djkw, `u. dt./ dt./nr nr @khpksftfko, wt p`t @=@4-@> oko arkhatf`s arkhatf `s Emozmom Skjumom ^yjmoms @6+
5.3.0
Pfogjm Arkhatf`s Mxtra`tfko \rk`mssms
Haoy prkcu`mrs mxtra`t ajj tnrmm `khpkomots kd ES^ drkh rmdkrhatm, wftn tnm fhpmtus dkr tnm mxtra`tfko tnm cmhaoc dkr xyjmoms dkr fskhmr smparatfko. Fo skhm `asms, kojy emozmom, aoc tk a jmssmr mxtmot tkjumom, tkjumom, arm rmqufrmc. Snm dmmc fs tnmo prmdra`tfkoatmc tk gfvm a emozmom kr a emozmom/tkjumom nmart `ut, wftn tnm eajao`m typf`ajjy smot tk tnm gaskjfom pkkj. Jf`moskrs kd MC tm`nokjkgy fo`jucm Axmos (CHD), Jurgf (Cfstapmx), Brupp ]ncm (Hkrpnyjaom®), aoc GS@ Sm`nokjkgy Fo`. (GS-ES^®). As oktmc prmvfkusjy, mxtra`tfvm cfstfjjatfko fs kdtmo hkrm apprkprfatm dkr tnm mxtra`tfko kd a sfogjm arkhatf` prkcu`t drkh a nmart `ut tnao fs jfqufc/jfqufc mxtra`tfko. mxtra`tfko. Kom cfstfo`t acvaotagm tnat MC nas kvmr JJM fs tnat kojy twk haikr tkwmrs (mxtra`tfvm cfstfjjatfko `kjuho aoc arkhatf`s rm`kvmry `kjuho) arm rmqufrmc fostmac kd dkur tkwmrs (mxtra`tkr, wasn `kjuho, strfppmr, aoc rm`kvmry). Ajsk, sfo`m a nmart `ut (@4/@7) fs usuajjy dmc tk ao MC da`fjfty, tnm uoft tnrkugnput fs usuajjy jmss. Jurgf, dkr mxahpjm, kddmrs fts `khefomc jfqufc/jfqufc aoc MC prk`mssms, Arkskjvao, dkr dujj ES^ mxtra`tfko2 aoc fts MC prk`mss, Cfstapmx, dkr sfogjm sfogjm arkhatf` `khpkomots. Snm skjvmot usmc fs tnm sahm fo ektn9 O-hmtnyjpyrrkjfckom (OH\). Cfstapmx fs apprkprfatm wnmo tnm arkhatf`s `khpkomot nas a nfgn `ko`motratfko (m.g., 4<-7< pmr`mot) fo tnm tnm dmmcstk`b `ut. Snfs habms ft suftaejm dkr tnm rm`kvmry kd emozmom kr tkjumom drkh drkh pygas. Ao MC systmh, su`n as Cfstapmx, Cfstapmx, fs ajsk suftaejm dkr mxtra`tfko kd arkhatf`s drkh `kbm kvmo jfgnt kfj, dkjjkwfog a nycrkrmdfofog stmp tk rmhkvm fhpurftfms su`n as sujdur, oftrkgmo, aoc kxygmo. Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
3=
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
As cms`rfemc fo Pm`tfko 5.5, Brupp ]ncm ajsk kddmrs fts Hkrpnyjaom ® prk`mss, easmc ko tnm skjvmot O-dkrhyjhkrpnkjfom O-dkrhyjhkrpnkjfom (ODH). Snfs fs fs afhmc afhmc at dmmcstk`bs wftn nfgn arkhatf`s SH `ko`motratfkos. Ktnmrs fo`jucm ]CM^ (jf`mosmc ey ]K\) aoc GS-ES^® (jf`mosmc ey GS@ Sm`nokjkgy @krp). Snm Hkrpnyjaom® mxtra`tfvm cfstfjjatfko prk`mss nas emmo hkcfdfmc dkr tnm rm`kvmry kd arkhatf`s drkh `atajytf` rmdkrhatm. Snfs prk`mss, `ajjmc K`tmoar ®, `ao em usmc fo a ouhemr kd appjf`atfkos. Sk upgracm tnm k`taom vajum kd rmdkrhatm, tnm K`tmoar ® prk`mss `ao em usmc tk smparatm ao arkhatf`s-rf`n strmah `kotafofog `kotafofog ES^. Snfs strmah fs kd jkwmr purfty tnao tnat kd a systmh su`n as Pujdkjaom, eut fs fotmocmc as a nfgn k`taom ejmocfog `khpkomot. Aoktnmr varfaot fovkjvms tabfog a pkrtfko kd tnm emozmom kvmrnmac drkh tnm mxtra`tfvm cfstfjjatfko `kjuho2 tnm mxtra`t passfog tk tnm strfppmr fs nfgn fo arkhatf`s aoc jkw fo emozmom, aoc fs suftaejm dkr gaskjfom ejmocfog. Fo cmsfgofog ao mxtra`tfko systmh, tnmrm arm a ouhemr kd kptfkos rmjatfog tk wnmtnmr aoc nkw tnm rmdkrhatm dmmc fs prm`ut ‐ wnf`n wfjj fhpa`t tnm ommc dkr dra`tfkoatfko adtmr mxtra`tfko tk tabm a emozmom prkcu`t strmah. Snm prk`mss cms`rfemc nmrm fs a typf`aj typf`a j K`tmoar ® systmh dkr mxtra`tfog ao arkhatf`s `ko`motratm drkh a (@4-) rmdkrhatm `ut. Dfgurm 5.1< snkws a sfhpjfdfmc prk`mss djkwsnmmt. Snm dmmcstk`b rmdkrhatm fs `nargmc tk tnm mxtra`tfvm cfstfjjatfko `kjuho, aoc jmao `kkj skjvmot motmrs tnm tkp. Snm okoarkhatf`s jmavm fo tnm `kjuho kvmrnmacs prkcu`t, tkgmtnmr wftn a shajj ahkuot kd arkhatf`s aoc skjvmots. Snm ekttkhs prkcu`t drkh drkh tnm MC `kjuho `kosfsts prfharfjy kd skjvmot aoc arkhatf`s. Snfs djkws ey prmssurm cfddmrmotfaj tk tnm arkhatf`s rm`kvmry `kjuho, wnmrm tnm arkhatf`s arm smparatmc ey cfstfjjatfko cfstfjjatfko uocmr va`uuh. A pkrtfko kd tnm `kocmosmc arkhatf`s fs rmdjuxmc tk a`nfmvm purfty aoc rmcu`m skjvmot `arrykvmr. Snm kvmrnmac strmah drkh tnm MC `kjuho fs `kocmosmc aoc skhm fs rmturomc tk tnm `kjuho as rmdjux. Ok watmr wasn fs appjfmc tk tnm tnm raddfoatm. A skjvmot rm`kvmry `kjuho fs okt fo`jucmc fo tnfs cmsfgo. Snm tktaj skjvmot jkss ey ajj hmaos fs quktmc as apprkxfhatmjy 55 pph, mxprmssmc mxprmssmc ko tnm emozmom stmah. Mxtmosfvm usm fs hacm kd tnm nmat `kotmot kd tnm nkt skjvmot drkh tnm strfppmc `kjuho. Ft prkvfcms part kd tnm nmat jkac dkr tnm MC `kjuho aoc tnm strfppmr `kjuho ftsmjd. A sfcm strmah kd nkt jmao skjvmot fs fotmrhfttmotjy dmc tk a skjvmot rmgmomratfko uoft, wnmrm ft fs cfstfjjmc drkh nfgn ekfjfog cm`khpksftfko prkcu`ts uocmr va`uuh emdkrm emfog rmturomc tk tnm skjvmot `fr`uft. A skjvmot cruh, suppjy puhp, aoc crafo taob arm ajsk rmqufrmc, ajtnkugn ajtnkugn okt snkwo ko tnm cfagrah. Emozmom quajfty, as prmcf`tmc ey Brupp ]ncm, fs snkwo fo Saejm 5.10.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
34
Pm`tfko 5
s ` f t a h k r a o k O
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
m o m z o m E
o k f t a j j f t h s a f C r g a < m f v f 1 C . t 5 ` w a k m t r r j u x D g M s f D ® s m m ` o k a r j y \ n p r k H
h a m \ t N P
P V @ U F S M O A T H H K ] K @ J U M K A U @
c s v . 4 < 1 3 . 7 < < < . 1 < 1 < < [ 7 < 5 Q
O M K F T F S S O @ A J H A F J U S ] S P J K ^ F M C @
h \ t H P
O K F S A O O K H F S ] J @ K A @ U D M U \
o k f t ` a r D m t a h r k d m U
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
h \ t J P
+ 7
@
37
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Saejm 5.10 Emozmom \rkcu` \rkcu` t Quajfty dr kh tnm K`tmoar ® \rk`mss @kjkr (pjatf (pjatfouh ouh/`keajt /`keajt s`ajm) Cfstfjjatf Cfstfjjatfko ko raogm Pkjfcfdf`atfko Pkjfcfdf`atfko pkfot A` A`fc wasn `kjkr jkr A` A`fcft fcfty y Nycrkgmo sujdfcm sujdfcm aoc sujdur sujdur cfkxfcm cfkxfcm Snfkpnmom @kppmr @kppmr `krrksfko `krrksfko Okoarkhatf`s Okoarkhatf`s 5.=
CMAJBVJASFKO \UK@MPPMP
5.=.1
Fotrkcu`tfko
5< hax hax 1¼@ 1¼@ Hfo/3.>=¼@ fo/3.>=¼@ aonycrkus aonycrkus 5 hax Ok drm drmm a`fc Okom Tarfms wftn rmdkrh rmdkrhatm \ass =<< hax w/w pph
Snm harbmt cmhaoc dkr emozmom, as a prkpkrtfko kd tktaj ES^, fs nfgnmr tnao tnm prkpkrtfko kd emozmom fo typf`aj ES^ prkcu`ts. @kovmrsfko kd tkjumom aoc, tk a jmssmr mxtmot, xyjmoms, fs pra`tf`mc ey twk easf` tm`nofqums9
5.=.5
Nycrkcmajbyjatfko fovkjvms strfppfog tnm hmtnyj grkups drkh tkjumom kr xyjmoms tk prkcu`m emozmom aoc hmtnaom. Ajtnkugn okt purmjy cmajbyjatfko, tnm tkpf` kd tkjumom cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko fs ajsk fo`jucmc uocmr tnfs nmacfog as a cfs`rmtfkoary hmtnkc hmtnkc kd prkcu`fog emozmom. Snm tkjumom fs `kovmrtmc tk emozmom aoc xyjmoms fo tnfs prk`mss.
Nycrkcmajbyatfko
A suhhary kd nycrkcmajbyjatfko prk`mssms fs snkwo fo Saejm 5.13.
Saejm 5.13 Nycrkcmajbyjatfko \rk`mssms @khpaoy ]K\/Haratnko ]K\/Haratnko Asnjaoc \mtrkjmuh \mtrkjmuh (1) (1) Nkucry NUF/Axmos Gujd Gujd (1) Nkucry(1) Hftsuefsnf ftsuefsnf (1) Nkucry(1) ]K\ ]K\
\rk`mss Oahm Nycmaj Nycmaj Cmtkj® NCA NCA SNC SNC \yrktkj® HN@ Jftkj® SNCA SNCA
\rk`mss Sypm @atajytf` @atajytf` @atajytf @atajytf` ` Snmrhaj Snmrhaj Snmrhaj Snmrhaj @atajytf` Snmrhaj Snmrhaj @atajytf @atajytf` ` @atajytf` @atajytf`
Dmmcstk`b Skjumom/nfgnmr Skjumom/nfgnmr arkhatf`s Skjumom/nfgnmr Skjumom/nfgnmr arkhatf`s arkhatf`s Skjumom/nfgnmr Skjumom/nfgnmr arkhatf`s Skjumom/nfgnmr Skjumom/nfgnmr arkhatf`s \ygas/rmdkrhatm \ygas/rmdkrhatm \ygas/rmdkrhatm Jfgnt kfj Skjumom/nfgnmr Skjumom/nfgnmr arkhatf`s
(1) (1)
Jf`mosfog rfgnts nmjc ey AEE Juhhus Gjkeaj Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
3>
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Ajj tnm `khhmr`faj prk`mssms fovkjvm tnm sahm easf` `nmhfstry. Dkr tkjumom, tnm rma`tfko fs as dkjjkws9 @4N=@N0 + N5
@4N4 + @N3
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4.`cx
Pfhfjar rma`tfkos rma`tfkos k``ur wftn nfgnmr ajbyjatmc emozmoms. ^yjmoms cmajbyjatm fo twk stmps, wnmrmas mtnyjemozmom cmajbyjatms cfrm`tjy tk emozmom aoc mtnaom. Pfcm rma`tfkos rmsujt rmsujt fo tnm tnm dkrhatfko kd cfpnmoyjs kr pkjyhmrs. Snmsm arm okrhajjy eurot as dumj wftn tnm kddgas. Arkuoc >0 pmr`mot kd tnm tkjumom fs ujtfhatmjy `kovmrtmc tk emozmom prkcu`t, aoc tnm eajao`m fs jkst tk dumj. Ok skjvmot mxtra`tfko kd emozmom fs om`mssary aoc nfgn purfty emozmom hay em rm`kvmrmc ey sfhpjm cfstfjjatfko. Phajj quaotftfms kd sujdur `khpkuocs arm mjfhfoatmc2 tnm nycrkgmo sujdfcm jmavms fo tnm gasmkus mddjumot. Cmajbyjatfko prk`mssms hay em `atajytf` kr tnmrhaj. Sypf`aj kpmratfog `kocftfkos dkr tnm `atajytf` typm arm =7=¼@ tk tk 4=<¼@ aoc 5=-4< ear. A nfgnmr tmhpmraturm, kd up tk 74<¼@, fs usmc usmc fo tnm tnmrhaj tnmrhaj prk`mssms. Snm easf` prk`mss djkwsnmmt fs sfhfjar dkr dkr ektn. Nycrkgmo-rf`n gas fs rm`y`jmc tk `kotrkj tnm tmhpmraturm fo tnm mxktnmrhf` rma`tfko stagm. Snm jfqufc prkcu`t prkcu`t fs staefjfzmc wftn tnm rmhkvaj kd jfgnt mocs, `jay trmatmc, aoc dra`tfkoatmc tk prkcu`m tnm emozmom prkcu`t. Skjumom aoc nmavfms arm rm`y`jmc. AU@K aoc Nycrk`areko Umsmar`n cmvmjkpmc tnm NCA tnmrhaj prk`mss, kpmratfog at jkw `ko`motratfkos tk gfvm grmatmr emozmom yfmjcs. Snm SNC prk`mss cmvmjkpmc ey Gujd fs fs sfhfjar. Snmsm prk`mssms arm suftaejm dkr tnm `kovmrsfko kd prk`mss strmahs tnat `kosfst suestaotfajjy kd arkhatf`s su`n as tkjumom drkh ES^ smparatfko. Eujb cmajbyjatfko fs ajsk pra`tf`mc. Fo tnm Nkucry \yrktkj® prk`mss, tnm okoarkhatf`s `kotmot kd tnm dmmc `ao em up tk 0< pmr`mot. Snm prk`mss usms a prmtrmathmot rma`tkr dkr tnm smjm`tfvm smjm`tfvm ® nycrkgmoatfko kd kjmdfof`s. \yrktkj `ao em usmc dkr tnm eujb cmajbyjatfko kd pyrkjysfs gaskjfom. Ft rmqufrms hkrm nycrk`ra`bfog kd tnm oko-arkhatf`s tnao tnm Jftkj® prk`mss (smm emjkw), eut a shajjmr ahkuot kd cmsujdurfzatfko, as wmjj as a `khparaejm ahkuot kd nycrkcmajbyjatfko. Snm Hftsuefsnf HN@ prk`mss fs a tnmrhaj prk`mss tnat ajsk naocjms dmmcs wftn sfgofdf`aot okoarkhatf`s `khpkomots. Nycrkgmo kd rmjatfvmjy jkw purfty hay hay em usmc, rmcu`fog tnm tnm habmup rmqufrmhmots. Aoktnmr varfatfko fs fs rmqufrmc dkr dkr rm`kvmry kd emozmom drkh `kbm kvmo jfgnt kfj. Snm Nkucry ® Jftkj prk`mss usms a prmtrmathmot rma`tkr fo a dasnfko sfhfjar tk tnm \yrktkj ® prk`mss, aoc prkcu`ms a pkjyhmr rmsfcum strmah. Aoktnmr fhpkrtaot rmqufrmhmot fs tk nycrkgmoatm nycrkgmoa tm sujdur aoc oftrkgmo fhpurftfms tnat arm prmsmot fo nfgnmr quaotftfms tnao fo ktnmr dmmcstk`bs. Sk fjjustratm tnm tm`nokjkgy mhpjkymc, tnm tnrmm Nkucry cmajbyjatfko prk`mssms arm erfmdjy cms`rfemc. Snm m`kokhf`s kd cmajbyjatfko kd pyrkjysfs pyrkjysfs gaskjfom aoc `kbm kvmo jfgnt jfgnt kfj arm fo`jucmc fo tnm sm`tfkos ko m`kokhf`s jatmr fo tnfs rmpkrt.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
36
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
® 5.=.5.1 Cmtkj \rk`mss
Snm Cmtkj® prk`mss fs snkwo fo sfhpjfdfmc dkrh fo Dfgurm 5.11. @atajytf` Uma`tkr Pm`tfko Drmsn dmmc aoc rm`y`jm arkhatf`s arkhatf`s drkh tnm tnm emozmom tkwmr arm puhpmc tk systmh prmssurm. prmssurm. Snm tktaj jfqufc dmmc fs `khefomc wftn habmup gas aoc nycrkgmo-rf`n rm`y`jm gas drkh tnm rm`y`jm gas `khprmsskr aoc fs tnmo nmatmc ey mx`naogm wftn nkt rma`tkr mddjumot aoc erkugnt tk rma`tkr tmhpmraturm fo a dfrmc nmatmr. Snm nmatmc hfxturm djkws tnrkugn tnm dfrst rma`tkr wnmrm a pkrtfko kd tnm cmajbyjatfko rma`tfko k``urs. Pfo`m tnm omt mddm`t kd tnm rma`tfko rma`tfko fs a tmhpmraturm rfsm fo tnm rma`tkr, tnm dfrst dfrst rma`tkr mddjumot fs qumo`nmc ey a pkrtfko kd `kjc rm`y`jm gas emdkrm ft fs smot tk tnm sm`koc rma`tkr. Fo jargm pjaots, accftfkoaj rma`tkrs arm mhpjkymc fo krcmr tk haxfhfzm `atajyst utfjfzatfko. Snm mddjumot drkh tnm jast rma`tkr fs `kkjmc ey mx`naogm wftn rma`tkr dmmc aoc staefjfzmr dmmc, aoc fs usmc tk tk suppjy rmekfjmr nmat tk tnm staefjfzmr aoc emozmom tkwmr. Dfoaj `kkjfog aoc partfaj `kocmosatfko kd tnm mddjumot fs ckom fo tnm afr `kkjmc `kocmosmr. Nfgn \rmssurm Gas Srmathmot Adtmr `kocmosatfko, tnm rma`tkr mddjumot gas aoc jfqufc arm smparatmc fo a nfgn prmssurm djasn cruh. Snm rm`y`jm gas drkh tnm djasn cruh fs spjft fotk twk strmahs. strmahs. Kom strmah djkws cfrm`tjy tk tnm rm`y`jm `khprmsskr bok`bkut cruh, wnmrmas tnm rmhafocmr fs smot tk a nycrkgmo purfdf`atfko uoft. Fo tnfs uoft, ES^ fs rm`kvmrmc ey s`rueefog tnm dmmc gas wftn a sjfp strmah kd rm`y`jm arkhatf`s drkh tnm emozmom tkwmr ekttkhs aoc a 6< pmr`mot purfty nycrkgmo strmah fs ketafomc. Snm rm`kvmrmc arkhatf`s ajkog wftn wftn tnm djasn cruh jfqufc arm smot tk tnm staefjfzmr. Snm purfdfmc nycrkgmo rm`khefoms wftn tnm eypassmc pkrtfko kd rm`y`jm gas aoc djkws tk tnm `khprmsskr bok`bkut cruh. Adtmr `khprmssfko, tnm rm`y`jm gas fs cfvfcmc fotk fotk twk strmahs. strmahs. Snm haikr pkrtfko fs `khefomc wftn habmup nycrkgmo pjus tnm jfqufc dmmc aoc `nargmc tk tnm dfrst rma`tkr. Snm rmhafocmr fs usmc tk `kkj tnm dfrst rma`tkr mddjumot mddjumot as prmvfkusjy cms`rfemc. Ptaefjfzatfko aoc @jay Srmathmot Nfgn prmssurm djasn jfqufc fs prmnmatmc wftn rma`tkr mddjumot emdkrm emfog `nargmc tk tnm staefjfzmr tkwmr. Snm staefjfzmr smrvms tk rmim`t kvmrnmac ajj `khpkomots jfgntmr tnao emozmom wnfjm rmtafofog emozmom aoc nmavfmr `khpkomots fo tnm ekttkhs prkcu`t. Umekfjmr nmat fs prkvfcmc tk tnm tkwmr ey mx`naogm wftn rma`tkr mddjumot. Snm kvmrnmacs gas drkh tnm staefjfzmr fs `nfjjmc sk tnat emozmom fs rm`kvmrmc aoc rmturomc tk tnm staefjfzmr rmdjux cruh. Snm rmhafofog vapkr fs vmotmc. Snm staefjfzmr ekttkhs prkcu`t fs puhpmc cfrm`tjy tk tnm `jay trmatmrs. Snmsm vmssmjs `kotafo `jay `jay emcs, wnf`n, tnrkugn pkjyhmrfzatfko aoc acskrptfko, smrvm tk rmhkvm tra`m fhpurftfms drkh tnm arkhatf`s prkcu`t. Swk rma`tkrs arm prkvfcmc tk tk em ruo fo mftnmr parajjmj kr smrfms djkw. Ma`n rma`tkr `ao em cuhpmc aoc rmjkacmc wnfjm tnm ktnmr trmatmr rmhafos ko strmah.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
=<
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
U K P P M M J U @ \ V @ P H M A K U G @
U K S @ A M U
J M P ] A D G
U K P O M C O K @
M S O @ M ] Y C O K M U E \
O K F S A @ F D F S U F ] O \ ] 5 N
N H P ] A J U D C
t m m n s w k j D 1 c 1 m . f 5 d f m j p r u f h g P f D t f o ] ® j k t m C
c s v . 4 < 1 3 . 7 < < < . 1 < 1 < < [ 7 < 5 Q
M O U M Y M O W M K E S
U K S @ A M U
H A M S P
P U M S A M U S V A J @
W D E
U M J J F N @
J M P ] A D G
O M \ G ] K M U B C A V H N
N P C M M U M D D
U M Y F J F E A S P
M M U J O M @ M F V ] T @ J C A M K O M U S A N
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
=1
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
\rkcu`t Um`kvmry Snm `jay trmatmc arkhatf`s arm `nargmc tk tnm emozmom tkwmr. Snfs tkwmr prkcu`ms a nfgn purfty purfty kvmrnmacs emozmom prkcu`t, a tkjumom aoc nmavfmr ekttkhs prkcu`t tnat ajsk `kotafos `rucm cfpnmoyj, aoc a shajj ahkuot kd emozmom. Snm kvmrnmacs emozmom prkcu`t strmah fs `kkjmc aoc puhpmc tk stkragm. Hkst kd tnm ekttkhs strmah fs rm`y`jmc tk mxtfo`tfko2 a shajj part fs usmc fo tnm nycrkgmo purfdf`atfko uoft. @atajyst Umgmomratfko @atajyst rmgmomratfko fs rmqufrmc k``asfkoajjy tk rmstkrm tnm `atajyst tk fts krfgfoaj a`tfvfty. Umgmomratfko kd tnm rma`tkrs k``urs fo ao fomrt athkspnmrm, wftn afr ejmc fotk ao fomrt rm`fr`ujatfog strmah at a `kotrkjjmc ratm tk `kotrkj tmhpmraturm tmhpmraturm fo tnm rma`tkrs. rma`tkrs. Snm uoft fs kddstrmah curfog tnmsm pmrfkcs. Fo accftfko tk tk tnm mqufphmot `khhko tk okrhaj kpmratfko, rmgmomratfko rmqufrms a skur`m kd oftrkgmo dkr purgfog aoc a skur`m kd `khprmssmc afr kr kxygmo dkr tnm rmgmomratfko ftsmjd. ® 5.=.5.5 Jftkj \rk`mss
Snm Jftkj® prk`mss was cmvmjkpmc ey Nkucry aoc Emtnjmnmh Ptmmj tk prkcu`m purm emozmom drkh arkhatf` jfgnt kfj ketafomc as a eyprkcu`t drkh drkh tnm `kbfog kd `kaj. A sfhpjfdfmc djkwsnmmt fs snkwo fo Dfgurm 5.15. Snm jfgnt kfj fs dfrst prmdra`tfkoatmc tk rmhkvm hatmrfaj nmavfmr tnao @> arkhatf`s. Snm tkp prkcu`t nas a okhfoaj moc pkfot kd 1=<¼@. Snm arkhatf`s rm`kvmrmc drkh tnm staefjfzmr kvmrnmacs prkcu`t arm accmc tk tnfs `ut. Snm tktaj dmmc fs puhpmc tk tk rma`tkr prmssurm, prmnmatmc, aoc passmc tk tnm vapkrfzmr. Fo tnm vapkrfzmr, a part kd tnm prmnmatmc nycrkgmo rm`y`jm strmah fs usmc tk vapkrfzm tnm dmmc. A shajj ahkuot kd nfgn ekfjfog pkjyhmr fs dkrhmc, dkrhmc , rmturomc tk tnm prmdra`tfkoatkr tkwmr, aoc jmavms wftn tnm ekttkhs prkcu`t. Tapkrfzmc dmmc fs hfxmc wftn tnm rmhafofog rm`y`jm nycrkgmo aoc motmrs tnm prmtrmathmot rma`tkr, wnf`n nycrkgmoatms hatmrfajs tnat wkujc dkrh `kbm aoc smvmrmjy rmcu`m tnm kostrmah jfdm kd tnm `atajyst fo suesmqumot rma`tkrs. Snm prmtrmatmc dmmc strmah fs `khefomc wftn rm`y`jm drkh tnm ekttkhs prkcu`t kd tnm emozmom tkwmr aoc erkugnt tk tk cmajbyjatfko rma`tfko tmhpmraturm tmhpmraturm fo a dfrmc nmatmr. Snm nmatmr mddjumot djkws tnrkugn tnm dfrst rma`tkr, tnus purfdyfog tnm arkhatf`s tnrkugn `kovmrsfko kd sujdur aoc oftrkgmo `khpkuocs tk nycrkgmo sujdfcm aoc ahhkofa, aoc ey nycrk`ra`bfog tnm okoarkhatf`s. Fo tnfs rma`tkr skhm emozmom fs dkrhmc drkh a pkrtfko kd tnm nfgnmr nkhkjkgs (m.g. tkjumom, @> arkhatf`s) tnat arm cmajbyjatmc. Pfo`m tnm omt mddm`t kd tnm rma`tfkos rmsujts fo a tmhpmraturm rfsm, tnm mddjumot drkh tnm dfrst rma`tkr fs qumo`nmc ey a `kjc nycrkgmo rm`y`jm gas strmah drkh tnm nfgn prmssurm djasn cruh (vfa tnm rm`y`jm gas `khprmsskr). Snm mddjumot tnmo djkws tk tnm sm`koc rma`tkr wnmrm sfhfjar nmat rmjmasm k``urs cum prfharfjy tk tnm cmajbyjatfko rma`tfkos. Snm rma`tkr fojmt tmhpmraturms arm fo`rmasmc gracuajjy tnrkugn tnm `y`jm tk hafotafo tnm cmsfrmc prkcu`tfko ratms aoc prkcu`t purfty.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
=5
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
t m m n s w k j D 5 c 1 m . f 5 d f j m p r u h g f f D P t f o ] ® j k t f J
\ ] 5 M N B A H
U K S @ A M U
U K O P M P G M K U U \ C H V K N @
H \ A N M S P
W D E
U M K J P @ P V M @ U M \ U H K @
U K S @ A M U
S O P M A T G
c s v . 4 < 1 3 . 7 < < < . 1 < 1 < < [ 7 < 5 Q
N H P ] A U J D C
S O M H S A U M K U S S @ M A U M \ U P K H S A K S
U M Y F U K \ A T
U M Y F J F E A S P
U J M M P J ] A J D G F N @
P U M S A M U S V A J @
U K S A O K F S @ A U U D M M W U K \ S
M O U M Y M O W M K E S
@ F S P ] A @
S N J G F F J K
@ P A H U K D S M S U K \ E
M S O @ M ] Y C O K M U E \
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
@ U F M S S P A ] M A U @ S
=0
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Nmat fs rm`kvmrmc drkh tnm nkt rma`tkr mddjumot ey rafsfog stmah aoc ey smvmraj prk`mss nmat mx`naogmrs emdkrm emfog partjy `kocmosmc aoc djasnmc. \art kd tnm djasnmc djasnmc vapkr fs tabmo as ao mddjumot tk rmhkvm nycrkgmo sujdfcm sujdfcm aoc jfgnt nycrk`arekos drkh tnm `fr`uft. Snmrm hay em rm`kvmry kd arkhatf`s drkh tnfs purgm strmah. Snm rmhafofog vapkr fs hfxmc wftn `khprmssmc nycrkgmo2 skhm fs usmc tk `kkj tnm mddjumot drkh tnm dfrst rma`tkr aoc tnm rmhafocmr fs hfxmc wftn tnm dmmc tk tnm prmtrmathmot rma`tkr. As wftn tnm Cmtkj® prk`mss, tnm jfqufc drkh tnm djasn cruh fs staefjfzmc aoc tnm kvmrnmacs prkcu`t fs `nfjjmc tk rm`kvmr emozmom. em ozmom. Snm staefjfzmr ekttkhs prkcu`t fs `jay trmatmc aoc smot tk tnm emozmom tkwmr. Snm ekttkhs prkcu`t drkh tnm emozmom tkwmr fs rm`y`jmc aoc accmc tk tnm prmtrmatmc rma`tkr dmmc. Snm prkcu`t emozmom fs trmatmc wftn cfjutm skcfuh nycrkxfcm tk wasn kut tra`m sujdur `kotahfoaots. @atajyst rmgmomratfko fs rmqufrmc k``asfkoajjy, as fo tnm Cmtkj® prk`mss. ® 5.=.5.0 \yrktkj
Nkucry‖s \yrktkj® prk`mss fs prfharfjy afhmc at tnm cmajbyjatfko kd arkhatf`s wftnfo a pyrkjysfs gaskjfom strmah. Snm djkwsnmmt kd tnm \yrktkj® prk`mss dmc ey raw pyrkjysfs gaskjfom fs vmry sfhfjar tk tnat kd tnm Jftkj® prk`mss, wftn dmmc prmdra`tfkoatfko as om`mssary. Snm dmmc fs prmdra`tfkoatmc tk cmpmotaofzm aoc tk rmhkvm at jmast part kd tnm @6+ `khpkomots. Snm dmmc `ut fs vapkrfzmc aoc passmc tk a prmtrmathmot rma`tkr wnmrm cfmoms, `y`jkcfkjmdfos, aoc styrmom arm smjm`tfvmjy nycrkgmoatmc. Fo tnm \yrktkj® rma`tkrs, arkhatf`s arm cmajbyjatmc tk emozmom. Ktnmr rma`tfkos fo`jucm tnm `ra`bfog ` ra`bfog kd okoarkhatf`s tk jfgnt nycrk`arekos, prfharfjy @1 tk @0, aoc cmsujdurfzfog. ]orma`tmc tkjumom aoc nmavfmr arkhatf`s arm rm`y`jmc tk tnm rma`tfko stagm.
5.=.0
Skjumom Cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko
Skjumom hay em cfsprkpkrtfkoatmc tk emozmom aoc xyjmoms as dkjjkws9 @N0
@N0
5
+
@N0 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4.`cx
Pkhm prk`mssms ajsk a``mpt @6 dmmcstk`b, drkh wnf`n xyjmoms arm prkcu`mc vfa traosajbyjatfko. Snm acvaotagm kd cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko jfms fo fts nfgn `kovmrsfko tk jfqufc prkcu`ts aoc fts jkw `kosuhptfko kd nycrkgmo `khparmc tk cmajbyjatfko. Ft ajsk prkvfcms a hmaos kd prkcu`fog
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
=3
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
xyjmoms drkh dmmcstk`bs su`n as pyrkjysfs gaskjfom, wnmrm tnm @> `ut fs rmjatfvmjy shajj aoc nas a nfgn prkpkrtfko kd mtnyjemozmom. \rk`mssms navm emmo avafjaejm dkr jf`mosfog sfo`m tnm marjy 167 pmr`mot pmr pass. Ajtnkugn MxxkoHkefj's HSC\-0 prk`mss `ao naocjm @6 arkhatf`s ko a jfhftmc easfs, ]K\ `jafhs tnat fts Satkray prk`mss `ao naocjm up tk 1<< pmr`mot @ 6 arkhatf`s aoc nas kpmratmc `khhmr`fajjy wftn up tk 1< pmr`mot @1< arkhatf`s fo tnm dmmc. MxxkoHkefj nas cmvmjkpmc aoc `khhmr`fajfzmc a nmavy arkhatf`s traosajbyjatfko prk`mss, Sraos\jusPH, wnf`n `ao naocjm up tk 1<< pmr`mot @6+ wftn up tk 5= pmr`mot @1< arkhatf`s. Snfs prk`mss was cmvmjkpmc wftn @\@ kd Safwao aoc `khhmr`fajfzmc fo Iuom 1667. ]K\ aoc Skray navm motmrmc fotk ao agrmmhmot tk durtnmr `khhmr`fajfzm tnm jattmr‖s SA@-6 prk`mss. Snfs tm`nokjkgy prkcu`ms a nfgn yfmjc kd hfxmc xyjmoms drkh dmmcs `kotafofog up tk 1<< pmr`mot @6 aoc @1< arkhatf`s. \fjkt wkrb ey Atkdfoa ko fts S5E^ prk`mss focf`atms tnat tnfs uoft ajsk `kujc ruo wftn nmavy arkhatf`s fo tnm dmmc, at up tk 5= pmr`mot. Fo`rmasfog tnm `kotmot kd nmavfmr arkhatf`s fo tnm dmmc fo`rmasms tnm dkrhatfko kd nmavy prkcu`ts, wnf`n rmcu`ms tnm kvmrajj yfmjc kd emozmom aoc xyjmoms. Ft ckms fo`rmasm, nkwmvmr, tnm yfmjc kd xyjmoms rmjatfvm tk emozmom, aoc tnm kptfhuh @6 arkhatf`s `ko`motratfko raogms drkh 3< tk 4< pmr`mot kd tnm dmmcstk`b cmpmocfog ko m`kokhf`s. Kom kd tnm cfsacvaotagms kd tkjumom cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko fs tnat tnm xyjmoms prkcu`t fs usuajjy ao mqufjferfuh hfx kd fskhmrs, wnf`n ckms okt `krrmspkoc tk tnm spjft kd harbmt cmhaoc. Ektn ]K\ aoc MxxkoHkefj kddmr Pmjm`tfvm Skjumom Cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko prk`mssms, wnf`n prkcu`m a xyjmoms strmah wftn arkuoc 6< pmr`mot kd para-xyjmom, tnm cmsfrmc fskhmr. fskhmr. Cmtafjs kd tnmsm tm`nokjkgfms wmrm cfs`ussmc fo \MU\ rmpkrt <=/<4->, < =/<4->, ^yjmoms. Snm tkjumom cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko prk`mssms kd tnm cfddmrmot jf`moskrs arm sfhfjar. A typf`aj prk`mss fs snkwo fo Dfgurm 5.10 aoc cms`rfemc emjkw. Cry tkjumom dmmc wftn rm`y`jm gas fs prmnmatmc ey focfrm`t nmat mx`naogm wftn rma`tkr mddjumot, aoc ey a dfrmc nmatmr, emdkrm motmrfog tnm `atajytf` rma`tkr. rma`tkr. Snm rma`tkr prkcu`t fs `kkjmc aoc smot tk a pnasm smparatkr. Hkst kd tnm nycrkgmo-rf`n nycrkgmo-rf`n vapkr pnasm fs rm`y`jmc wftn a shajj purgm tk hafotafo tnm apprkprfatm nycrkgmo partfaj prmssurm fo tnm rma`tkr. Snm smparatkr jfqufc fs staefjfzmc tk rmhkvm hfokr quaotftfms kd jfgnt mocs aoc ao c fs `jay trmatmc tk rmhkvm tra`m kjmdfos. Snm rma`tkr `kocftfkos vary wftn tnm prkprfmtary prk`mss, eut arm typf`ajjy 3<-3= ear aoc 05<0=<¼@. Snm MxxkoHkefj Pmjm`tfvm Skjumom Cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko prk`mss kpmratms at 55-0= ear aoc 3<<-37<¼@ wftn foftfaj `kbfog prmtrmathmot at nfgnmr nfgnm r tmhpmraturm aoc prmssurm.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
==
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
o k f t a t o m k m f t 0 r n 1 . k s 5 p w k k j m r r D u p s j a g f f ` D C f m p y o S m u j k S
t h ` u a m c r k t r \ P
t s s n c a g o f J M G
V A J @ h a m t P
U M Y F J F E A S P
W @
U M S A M U S
c s v . 4 < 1 3 . 7 < < < . 1 < 1 < < [ 7 < 5 Q
m s g a r u G \ U K S A U A \ M P
U K S @ A M U
W @
U K P M P J M @ U V \ @ H M K U @
U M C S M A U F M D N
P C U M M M V D U C
M O M ] J K S
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
B @ K S P C M M D
=4
Pm`tfko 5
5.4
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
\UKC]@SFKO \UKC]@SFKO DUKH @KBM KTMO J FGNS KFJ
Fo tnm marjy 16=
A jfgnt nycrk`areko gas, arkuoc 5< pmr`mot kd tnm prkcu`t, fs rm`y`jmc tk dfrm tnm `kbm kvmos. Ahhkofa fs jmss tnao <.= pmr`mot kd tnm prkcu`t. @kaj tars, arkuoc 3 pmr`mot kd tnm prkcu`t, arm smparatmc aoc rmdfomc tk yfmjc pkjy`y`jf` `khpkuocs su`n as oapntnajmom, aotnra`mom, pyrfcfom, aoc pnmoaotnrmom. @rucm emozkjm, kr `kbm kvmo jfgnt kfj, fs aekut 1 pmr`mot kd tnm prkcu`t.
@rucm emozkjm fs rm`kvmrmc ey wasnfog tnm gasmkus strmah, ajrmacy `kkjmc tk 5=-0=¼@ (776=¼D), wftn a pmtrkjmuh dra`tfko wftn a ekfjfog pkfot kd 0<<-0=<¼@ (=75-445¼D). Snm pmtrkjmuh wasn fs tnmo rm`kvmrmc ey stmah cfstfjjatfko aoc rm`y`jmc. A typf`aj `khpksftfko kd emozkjm fs snkwo fo Saejm 5.1=.
Saejm 5.1= Sypf`aj @khpksftfko kd Emozkjm (Wmfgnt pmr`mot)
Emozmom Skjumom ^yjmoms Ptyrmom @=-@> okoarkhatf okoarkhatf`s `s @areko @areko cfsujdfcm cfsujdfcm Pujdur `khpkuocs `khpkuocs @6 nycrk`arekos
4<-7< 15-14 3-> 5-3 =-6 <.3-<.4 <.=-<.7 <.=-<.7 5-0
@kbm Kvmo Jfgnt Kfj (@KJK) fs a eyprkcu`t kd `kbm haouda`turm drkh `kaj. Snm kfj cmrfvmc fs a dkuj shmjjfog ahemr jfqufc `khpksmc kd hkokou`jmar arkhatf` nycrk`arekos, kjmdfos, styrmom, sujdur, aoc oftrkgmo `khpkuocs, mt`. Snm Jykocmjj prk`mss rmqufrms9 (1) twk-stagm nycrktrmatfog rma`tfko, wnf`n saturatms kd cfkjmdfos, styrmom, hkok-kjmdfos aoc `kovmrts sujdur oftrkgmo `khpkuocs tk N5P, ON0 rmspm`tfvmjy. (5) Dra`tfkoatfko rmhkvms jfgnt mocs, prkcu`ms a `ko`motratmc arkhatf`s strmah dkr ckwostrmah arkhatf`s mxtra`tfko. mxtra`tfko. Snfs uofqum prk`mss
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
=7
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
kpmratms at jkwmr tmhpmraturm aoc prmssurm tnao `khpmtftkrs aoc rm`kvmrs tnm haxfhuh pkssfejm quaotfty kd emozmom drkh @KJK, wftn hfofhuh arkhatf`s jkss cum tk saturatfko.
5.7
\UKC]@SFKO \UKC]@SFKO KD AUKHASF@P A UKHASF@P TFA OKO@KOTMOSFKO OKO@KOTMOSFKOAJ AJ UK]SMP
Snmrm mxfst smvmraj oko`kovmotfkoaj rkutms tk `kovmrt jkw vajum rmdfomry eyprkcu`ts tk emozmom, tkjumom, aoc xyjmoms. Snmsm navm emmo cmvmjkpmc aoc `khhmr`fajfzmc ey varfkus `khpaofms kvmr tnm past smvmraj ymars aoc fo`jucm9
Asanf @nmhf`aj‖s Ajpna \rk`mss, wnf`n nas emmo kpmratfog at tnm `khpaoy‖s Hfzusnfha `khpjmx fo Kbayaha, Iapao, sfo`m 1660, mhpjkyfog ao kjmdfof` dmmc (jf`mosmc ey Ptkom & Wmestmr). Snm dfrst `khhmr`faj kpmratfko kd E\/]K\‖s @y`jar SH \rk`mss was fo 1666 at Paucf Easf` Focustrfms @krpkratfko (PAEF@). @\ @nmh‖s Arkhax® \rk`mss, wnf`n fs kpmratfog at fts \as`agkuja rmdfomry, at Paucf @nmvrko \nfjjfps @nmhf`aj usfog a sm`koc gmomratfko Arkhax® `atajyst aoc @M\PA, Ppafo. ]K\‖s UY \jatdkrhfogSH prk`mss startmc up fts dfrst `khhmr`faj uoft fo sm`koc quartmr 166>.
Ma`n kd tnm tm`nokjkgfms fs cms`rfemc erfmdjy fo tnm sm`tfkos tnat dkjjkw.
5.7.1 As anf @nmhf` @nmh f` ajs ‖ A jpna jp na \r k` mss Asanf @nmhf`aj Focustry @k., Jtc. aoc fts suesfcfary, Paoyk \mtrk`nmhf`aj @khpaoy, navm ikfotjy cmvmjkpmc aoc `khhmr`fajfzmc tnm Ajpna \rk`mss (jf`mosmc ey Ptkom aoc Wmestmr) dkr tnm prkcu`tfko kd arkhatf` nycrk`arekos startfog drkh jkw vajumc jfgnt kjmdfof` nycrk`arekos. Snfs prk`mss nas emmo mvajuatmc fo \MU\ Umpkrt 67/6>P1, Arkhatf`s drkh Jfgnt Kjmdfos. Snm dkjjkwfog cfs`ussfko prkvfcms ao kvmrvfmw kd tnm prk`mss. prk`mss. Snm prk`mss fs uofqum fo tnat ft naocjms kjmdfof` aoc paraddfof` dmmcs. Ft was krfgfoajjy krfgfoajjy cmvmjkpmc tk upgracm @3 aoc @= raddfoatm drkh tnm stmah `ra`bfog kd oapntna at Asanf‖s pmtrk`nmhf`aj `khpjmx fo Kbayaha, Iapao. 5.7.1.1 @nmhfstry
Snm prkpksmc rma`tfko hm`naofsh nas jfgnt kjmdfos su`n as pmotmoms, eutmoms, aoc prkpyjmom dkrhfog drkh paraddfof` hatmrfaj ey cmnycrkgmoatfko aoc/kr `ra`bfog. Snfs fs dkjjkwmc ey kjfgkhmrfzatfko, `y`jfzatfko, aoc cmnycrkgmoatfko tk arkhatf`s. Ajkog wftn kjfgkhmrfzatfko, tnm kjmdfos cfsprkpkrtfkoatm cfsprkpkrtfkoatm rapfcjy aoc rmcfstrfeutm rmcfstrfeutm tk ao mqufjferfuh `khpksftfko. Snmrmdkrm, ajhkst tnm sahm ES^ cfstrfeutfko fs ketafomc fo tnm prkcu`t frrmspm`tfvm kd tnm dmmc `khpksftfko. Smhpmraturm fs hkrm kd a da`tkr da`tkr fo cmtmrhfofog tnm ES^ cfstrfeutfko. cfstrfeutfko. Snm ratm `kotrkjjfog stmp fo tnmsm rma`tfkos fs tnm cmnycrkgmoatfko aoc `ra`bfog kd paraddfos tnat rmqufrm a jargm ahkuot kd momrgy.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
=>
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Kjmdfos arm tnm prmdmrrmc prmdmrrmc dmmcstk`b ajtnkugn paraddfos `ao em naocjmc. Ao kjmdfof` dmmc ajjkws a sfhpjmr cmsfgo. Snm hkrm paraddfos paraddfos fo tnm dmmc, tnm tnm hkrm `atajyst `atajyst aoc momrgy rmqufrmc. Cfkjmdfos prkhktm `kbfog ` kbfog aoc cma`tfvatfko. Snus, smjm`tfvm cmnycrkgmoatfko c mnycrkgmoatfko kd tnm dmmc hay em rmqufrmc upstrmah. 5.7.1.5 \rk`mss \rk`mss Cms`rfptfko
Dfgurm 5.13 prkvfcms a sfhpjm djkw djkw cfagrah kd tnm Ajpna \rk`mss. A pafr kd dfxmc emc swfog swfog rma`tkrs arm usmc dkr tnm Ajpna \rk`mss. Dkr a typf`aj dmmc wftn grmatmr tnao =< pmr`mot kjmdfos, a sfogjm rma`tkr fs appjf`aejm. Snm `atajyst a`tfvfty cmtmrfkratms gracuajjy kvmr tnm okrhaj kpmratfko (=<<-==<¼@ (605-1<55¼D), 0-7 bg /`hµ (g), aoc WNPT kd 5-3 w/w/n). A`tfvfty fs masfjy rm`kvmrmc ey a pmrfkcf`, `kovmotfkoaj fomrt afr rmgmomratfko. Hkrm paraddfof` dmmcs hay rmqufrm accftfkoaj rma`tkr emcs (kr vmssmjs) aoc rmnmatfog tnm strmahs emtwmmo rma`tkr emcs. Snm dmmc fs prmnmatmc fo tnm dmmc/mddjumot dmmc/mddjumot nmat mx`naogmr. Dfoaj rma`tkr fojmt tmhpmraturm fs ketafomc ey a dfrmc nmatmr. Snm rma`tkr mddjumot fs `kkjmc dfrst agafost dmmc, dkjjkwmc ey watmr aoc rmdrfgmraot. Snm jfqufc prkcu`t fs tnmo smparatmc aoc smot tk a staefjfzmr `kjuho, wnmrm tnm @= aoc jfgntmr nycrk`arekos arm arm smparatmc drkh tnm ES^ `khpkomots. Ok durtnmr trmathmot fs rmqufrmc emdkrm dmmcfog tnm ES^ tk ao arkhatf`s pjaot. Snm jfgnt nycrk`areko eyprkcu`ts (@=-) arm ajhkst purm paraddfos aoc arm vmry gkkc stmah `ra`bmr dmmcstk`bs. Snm dfrst `khhmr`faj pjaot wftn a `apa`fty kd 0,=<< E\C nas emmo kpmratfog sfo`m Iujy, 1660 at Paoyk‖s Hfzusnfha pjaot pjaot fo Kbayaha. Snm dmmc fs a @3/@= raddfoatm, wnf`n fs apprkxfhatmjy =< pmr`mot kjmdfos.
5.7.5
E\/]K\‖s @y`jar SH \rk`mss
Snm @y`jar SH prk`mss `ao prkcu`m pmtrk`nmhf`aj gracm arkhatf`s drkh @0 aoc @3 ajbaoms (f.m. J\G). ]K\ focf`atms tnat tnm cfstrfeutfko kd tnm eutaom spm`fms fo tnm @3 dmmcstk`b fs fo`kosmqumotfaj. @khpkomots jfgntmr tnao prkpaom snkujc em hfofhfzmc sfo`m tnmy a`t as fomrt cfjumots. @= aoc @4 `khpkomots snkujc em jfhftmc tk jmss tnao 5< aoc 5 wmfgnt pmr`mot, rmspm`tfvmjy, tk hfofhfzm hfofhfzm `kbm dkrhatfko fo tnm prk`mss. prk`mss. @0 aoc @3 kjmdfos `ao em fo`jucmc fo tnm dmmc eut snkujc em jfhftmc tk tk jmss tnao 1< pmr`mot. Eutaom dmmcstk`bs prkcu`m a prkcu`t tnat fs jmaomr fo emozmom aoc rf`nmr fo xyjmoms tnao tnat prkcu`mc drkh prkpaom. Snm arkhatf`s yfmjc fs sjfgntjy nfgnmr wftn ao ajj-eutaom dmmc as kppksmc tk ao ajj-prkpaom dmmc. Snm `atajyst fs a spnmrm `kosfstfog kd a prkprfmtary zmkjftm fo`krpkratmc wftn a oko-okejm hmtaj prkhktmr fo ao fomrt efocmr. Snm zmkjftf` `khpkomot fo tnm `atajyst prkvfcms a`fcfty, aoc tnm hmtaj prkhktmr `khefoms wftn tnm zmkjftm tk prkvfcm cmnycrkgmoatfko a`tfvfty. Snm fomrt efocmr aoc snapm-smjm`tfvm prkpmrtfms kd tnm zmkjftm rmtarc rmtarc tnm dkrhatfko kd `kbm. ]K\ `jafhs tnat 0< pmr`mot jmss `atajyst fs rmqufrmc wftn sm`koc gmomratfko `atajyst.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
=6
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
s ` f t a h k r A
o f t d n d a g r f J a \
s a G j m u D
. W . @
P U K S @ A M U
- @ < ¼ < < = = = 5 h 7 - / 0 ` g b
U M Y F J F E A S P
S O P M U ] M J S G D A O D M A M N N / C @ M ^ M M D
P U M S A M N C M ^ F D
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
. W . @
U K S S P A V U J A M S O A M @ G M U
h a r g a f C 3 w 1 . j k 5 D m s r s u m g ` f D k r \ a n p j A
c s v . 4 < 1 3 . 7 < < < . 1 < 1 < < [ 7 < 5 Q
t o a r m g f r d m U
c m m D
4<
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Snm prk`mss fs emst cms`rfemc as cmnycrk`y`jkcfhmrfzatfko aoc fs tnmrhkcyoahf`ajjy davkrmc at tmhpmraturms aekvm 35=¼@ (><<¼D). Snm cmnycrkgmoatfko kd jfgnt paraddfos tk kjmdfos fs tnm ratm jfhftfog stmp. Snm kjmdfos kjfgkhmrfzm kjfgkhmrfzm tk dkrh dkrh jargmr fotmrhmcfatms tnat rapfcjy `y`jfzm tk oapntnmoms. Snm dfoaj rma`tfko stmp fs tnm tnm cmnycrkgmoatfko kd tnm oapntnmoms tk tnmfr `krrmspkocfog arkhatf`s. Snm rma`tfkos arm snkwo as dkjjkws9 dkjjkws9 \araddfos
Kjfgkhmrs
Kjmdfos
Ey-prkcu`ts
Oapntnmoms
Arkhatf`s + Nycrkgmo
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4-1.`cx
]K\ kddmrs twk ajtmroatfvm cmsfgos9 tnm jkw prmssurm cmsfgo tnat prkcu`ms tnm haxfhuh arkhatf`s yfmjc2 aoc nfgn prmssurm cmsfgo (eut stfjj jmss tnao 1<< psfg) tnat rmqufrms kojy najd tnm `atajyst aoc tnmrmdkrm nas a jkwmr fovmsthmot (apprkxfhatmjy 5= pmr`mot jmss) aoc jkwmr kpmratfog `ksts. Nkwmvmr, tnm nfgn prmssurm cmsfgo prkcu`ms aekut 5< pmr`mot jmss arkhatf`s prkcu`t tnao tnm jkw prmssurm cmsfgo. ]K\‖s @kotfoukus @atajyst Umgmomratfko (@@U) tm`nokjkgy fs mhpjkymc dkr tnm rma`tkr cmsfgo. A prk`mss djkw cfagrah dkr tnm @y`jar SH \rk`mss fs snkwo fo Dfgurm 5.1=. Drmsn dmmc fs `khefomc wftn wftn a shajj rm`y`jm strmah strmah `kosfstfog kd uo`kovmrtmc dmmc. Adtmr emfog nmatmc tk tnm rmqufrmc rma`tkr fojmt tmhpmraturm, tnm strmah fs `kovmrtmc tk arkhatf`s fo a smrfms kd dkur rma`tkrs wftn fotmrstagm nmatfog. Snfs `kodfguratfko ajjkws ajjkws nfgn `kovmrsfko cmspftm tnm SH nfgnjy mocktnmrhf` oaturm kd tnm @y`jar rma`tfko. Snm rma`tkrs arm jkw prmssurm crkp, racfaj djkw, aoc sta`bmc tk ajjkw gravfty djkw kd tnm `atajyst emtwmmo rma`tkrs, as fo tnm ]K\ \jatdkrhfog prk`mss aoc tnm @@U systmh. systmh. Snm mddjumot drkh tnm dkurtn rma`tkr mx`naogms nmat wftn tnm `khefomc dmmc, fs `kkjmc, aoc partjy partjy `kocmosmc. Jfqufc dkrh tnm jkw prmssurm prmssurm smparatkr fs rm`kvmrmc aoc dmc tk a strfppmr wnmrm @4 aoc nmavfmr arkhatf`s arm rm`kvmrmc as a ekttkhs prkcu`t. Arkhatf`s drkh tnm strfppmr ekttkhs arm smot tk a `kovmotfkoaj, tnrmm tkwmr ES^ cfstfjjatfko trafo wnmrm focfvfcuaj `uts kd emozmom, tkjumom, aoc hfxmc xyjmoms arm cfstfjjmc cfstfjjmc kvmrnmac. @6+ arkhatf`s arm rm`kvmrmc drkh drkh tnm xyjmoms tkwmr ekttkhs. Snm `khefomc tkjumom aoc @6s `kujc em smot tk a tkjumom cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko (m.g. Satkray) uoft, wnf`n wkujc `kovmrt tnmsm tk hfxmc xyjmoms. Snm hfxmc xyjmoms `kujc durtnmr em prk`mssmc fo a \armx-typm uoft tk prkcu`m paraxyjmom. Tapkr drkh tnm jkw prmssurm smparatkr fs `khprmssmc aoc smot tk a gas rm`kvmry sm`tfko wnmrm nycrkgmo aoc jfgnt eyprkcu`ts arm arm smparatmc drkh tnm uo`kovmrtmc dmmc. Snm uo`kovmrtmc dmmc fs rm`y`jmc tk tnm rma`tkrs ajkog wftn wftn tnm strfppmr kvmrnmacs. Snm shajj ahkuot kd arkhatf`s tnat arm rm`kvmrmc fo tnm gas smparatfko sm`tfko arm ajsk smot tk tnm strfppmr.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
41
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
o m g k r c y N
s t a m G O j m u D
V U O K P M F A T S G K @ @ M M P U
` t f t ` + a u 4 h c k r @ r k A \ U M \ \ F U S P
U U K M P S P P M K U K \ E H K @
U K S \ A J U A \ M P
S O P F K V S J A @ S M A P @ O K P F ] S K A ] U O M F S O M O G K M @ U
r k h t k ` r a D m U
o k f t a z h f t a a r g a = h f k r 1 C . 5 A w H m S k r r j u j a D g ` s f D y s @ m ` \ r k E \ / \ K ]
c s v . 4 < 1 3 . 7 < < < . 1 < 1 < < [ 7 < 5 Q
r k t ` a m U k S m j ` y ` m U . W . @
G \ J
P C U M K B S @ @ A S A M P U
P U M S A M N U M S O F C O A M G U A N @
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
45
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Snm nycrkgmo strmah `kujc em rm`kvmrmc fo smvmraj ways, cmpmocfog ko tnm purfty cmsfrmc, aoc tnm m`kokhf`s9
Ao aeskremr/strfppmr systmh prkcu`fog a 4= hkjm pmr`mot nycrkgmo prkcu`t
A `kjc ekx prkcu`fog 6= hkjm pmr`mot nycrkgmo
Ao aeskremr/strfppmr systmh `khefomc wftn a \rmssurm Pwfog Aeskrptfko (\PA) uoft, prkcu`fog 66 hkjm pmr`mot nycrkgmo A `kjc ekx `khefomc wftn a \PA uoft fs usuajjy hkrm attra`tfvm fd jargm quaotftfms kd 66+ hkjm pmr`mot nycrkgmo arm cmsfrmc
@atajyst djkwfog drkh tnm dfoaj rma`tkr fs traosdmrrmc ey jfdt gas tk tnm tkp kd tnm rmgmomratfko tkwmr wnmrm ft fs smparatmc drkh tnm jfdt gas aoc prk`mmcs ey gravfty djkw tnrkugn tnm rmgmomratkr. Kpmratfog `kocftfkos tnat dujjy rmstkrm `atajyst pmrdkrhao`m aoc prktm`t tnm `atajyst drkh nycrktnmrhaj cahagm arm mstaejfsnmc. mstaejfsnmc. Umgmomratkr `atajyst fovmotkry fs jfhftmc jfhftmc tk a shajj dra`tfko kd wnat fs rmqufrmc fo tnm rma`tkr. Snm rmgmomratmc `atajyst prk`mmcs tnrkugn shajj traosdmr jfoms fotk djkw `kotrkj aoc surgm nkppmrs aoc dfoajjy fotk tnm rmgmomratkr jk`b nkppmr. Jfdt gas tnmo traospkrts tnm `atajyst ea`b tk tnm tkp kd tnm dfrst rma`tkr fo tnm tnm sta`b, tnus `khpjmtfog tnm `atajyst `fr`uft. @atajyst hkvmhmot fs vmry gracuaj, wftn tnm ratm ratm `kotrkjjmc at tnm kutjmt kutjmt kd tnm rmgmomratfko rmgmomratfko tkwmr. Drkh tnfs `kotrkj pkfot, jmvmj `kotrkj cmvf`ms rmgujatm ajj `atajyst traosdmrs. Snm `atajyst drkh tnm dkurtn rma`tkr ajjkws a `kostaot aoc nfgn jmvmj kd `atajyst a`tfvfty aoc smjm`tfvfty tk em hafotafomc fo tnm rma`tkrs. Snfs stmacy-statm `atajyst `kocftfko mjfhfoatms tnm ommc dkr `naogms fo prk`mss tmhpmraturms tk `khpmosatm dkr `atajyst cma`tfvatfko tnat hfgnt em typf`aj kd a smhfrmgmomratfvm typm rmdkrhmr. Snm cmsfrmc `kovmrsfko jmvmj, yfmjc, aoc prkcu`t quajfty arm `kotfoukusjy hafotafomc. Snm rmgmomratkr sm`tfko fs sfzmc tk em `khpatfejm wftn a wfcm raogm kd pjaot `apa`ftfms wnfjm hafotafofog tnm cmsfrmc kptfhaj stmacy statm `atajyst quajfty fo tnm rma`tkr. Snm rma`tkr aoc rmgmomratkr arm focmpmocmot. Ma`n kpmratms at fts kwo fcmaj smt kd `kocftfkos. Focfvfcuaj rma`tkrs ck okt `y`jm emtwmmo rma`tfko aoc rmgmomratfko `kocftfkos. Snfs sfhpjfdfms sfhpjfdfms hmtajjurgy, nmatmr sfzfog, aoc nycraujf`s sfo`m tnmsm `ao em cmsfgomc dkr spm`fdf` cutfms. cu tfms. Ajtnkugn tnm arkhatfzatfko rma`tfko smqumo`m fovkjvms skhm mxktnmrhf` stmps, tnm prmpkocmrao`m kd cmnycrkgmoatfko aoc `ra`bfog rma`tfkos `ausms tnm kvmrajj rma`tfko tk em nfgnjy mocktnmrhf`. Snm rma`tfko prkcu`t fs smparatmc fotk nycrkgmo aoc jfgnt eyprkcu`t (dkr (dkr dumj) wftn uo`kovmrtmc ajbaoms rm`y`jmc rm`y`jmc tk mxtfo`tfko. Fo tnfs mxahpjm tnm nycrkgmo purfty kd tnm omt nycrkgmo strmah fs 6= pmr`mot (vfa a `kjc ekx). Snm arkhatf`s prkcu`t fs vmry rf`n fo fo ES^. Sypf`ajjy, tnm jmvmj kd okoarkhatf`s okoarkhatf`s fs jmss jmss tnao <.1 pmr`mot. Snfs hmaos tnat skjvmot mxtra`tfko fs okt ommcmc tk hmmt hkst prkcu`t spm`fdf`atfkos.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
40
Pm`tfko 5
5.7.0
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
@\ @nmh‖s @nmh‖s Arkhax® \rk`mss
Snm Arkhax® prk`mss fs vmry sfhfjar tk `kovmotfkoaj `atajytf` rmdkrhfog, wftn tnm mx`mptfko kd mxtra sujdur rmhkvaj da`fjftfms da`fjftfms aoc tnm nfgn paraddfof`fty kd tnm dmmcstk`b. Arkhax® was spm`fdf`ajjy cmvmjkpmc tk tabm acvaotagm kd jkw-quajfty dmmcstk`bs fo krcmr tk habm hkrm vajuaejm emozmom prkcu`t. Snm prkprfmtary `atajyst fs ao J-typm zmkjftm syotnmsfzmc fo su`n su`n a way as tk navm a nfgn prkpkrtfko (grmatmr tnao >< pmr`mot) kd jargm `rystajs (f.m. jargmr tnao 1,<<< aogstrkhs). Snm typf`aj pkrm sfzm sfzm dkr tnfs typm kd zmkjftm fs 7 tk 6 aogstrkhs. Snm `atajyst fs vmry smosftfvm tk sujdur aoc watmr2 tnus, hkrm skpnfstf`atmc sujdur rmhkvaj da`fjftfms navm emmo fo`jucmc fo tnm djkw djkw s`nmhm. Snm sm`koc gmomratfko Arkhax Arkhax® `atajyst prkvfcms supmrfkr pmrdkrhao`m wftn nmavfmr dmmcstk`bs aoc fs `jafhmc tk navm jkwmr `apftaj aoc kpmratfog `ksts. Kom kd tnm haikr crawea`bs kd tnfs prk`mss fs tnm nfgn yfmjc kd tkjumom, wnf`n fs kd tnm jkwmst `khhmr`faj vajum kd tnm tnrmm haikr haikr arkhatf`s. Snm tkjumom `kujc em durtnmr prk`mssmc fo a cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko uoft tk prkcu`m emozmom aoc hfxmc xyjmoms. Snm hfxmc xyjmoms `kujc durtnmr durtnmr em prk`mssmc fo a smparatfko uoft tk prkcu`m tnm cmsfrmc moc prkcu`t, para-xyjmom. A gmomraj djkw s`nmhm dkr ao Arkhax® uoft fs snkwo fo Dfgurm 5.14. Snm dmmc hust em vmry mddm`tfvmjy cmsujdurfzmc tk mosurm tnat `atajyst a`tfvfty a`tfvfty fs hafotafomc tnrkugnkut tnm ruo. A typf`aj rmsfcuaj sujdur jmvmj kd jmss tnao <.1 pph fs `ftmc ey @nmvrko \nfjjfps @nmhf`aj (@\ @nmh). @\ @nmh nas cmvmjkpmc a twk stagm prkprfmtary sujdur aoc watmr `kotrkj systmh tnat fs snkwo fosfcm tnm ckttmc ekx fo tnm dfgurm. Snm dfrst stagm aeskremr, `kotafofog a suppkrtmc `uprf` kxfcm acskremot, kpmratms at aekut 0<<¼D tk acskre rmsfcuaj nycrkgmo sujdfcm dkrh tnm strfppmc dmmc2 tnm sm`koc stagm rma`tkr/aeskremr kpmratms at a nfgn tmhpmraturm fo tnm prmsmo`m kd rm`y`jm nycrkgmo tk rmhkvm tnm jast tra`ms kd sujdur-`kotafofog spm`fms drkh tnm dmmc oapntna. Snm rmdkrhfog sm`tfko sm`tfko fs a dfxmc dfxmc emc cmsfgo rmqufrfog ko sftm rmgmomratfko ko`m pmr ymar. Snm rmdrfgmratfko sm`tfko nas emmo accmc tk rmcu`m emozmom jkssms fo tnm smparatkr cruh kvmrnmac gas tk ao a``mptaejm jmvmj. jmvmj. @kuotmr`urrmot jfqufc mxtra`tfko mxtra`tfko `kujc ajsk em usmc dkr tnfs stmp. Snm jkw prmssurm kpmratfko (1<< psfg rma`tkr kutjmt prmssurm), oarrkw ekfjfog raogm kd tnm dmmcstk`b, aoc nfgn nycrkgmo yfmjc habm jfqufc emozmom rm`kvmry hkrm cfddf`ujt. Snm rm`y`jm gas crymr fs assuhmc tk ajsk `kotafo a pkrtfko kd sujdur acskremot hatmrfaj tk bmmp tnm sujdur `kotmot fo tnm rm`y`jm tk a vmry jkw jmvmj. Um`y`jm gas fs `fr`ujatmc ey a `motrfdugaj `khprmsskr tnat `khprmssms tnm gas tk suftaejm prmssurm dkr rm`kota`tfog fo tnm upstrmah aeskremr/cmmtnaofzmr dkr ES^ aoc J\G rm`kvmry. Snm smparatkr jfqufc fs smot tk a cmeutaofzmr wnmrm tnm @3 hatmrfaj fs smparatmc aoc smot kvmrnmac tk tnm aeskremr/cmmtnaofzmr dkr J\G rm`kvmry. A @=-rf`n sfcm strmah hay ajsk em wftncrawo nmrm tk purgm kut aoy a``uhujatfko kd @= hatmrfaj tnat hay em prmsmot mftnmr em`ausm ft was okt rm`kvmrmc fo tnm upstrmah dra`tfkoatfko da`fjftfms kr gmomratmc vfa `ra`bfog rma`tfkos fo tnm rma`tfko sm`tfko.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
43
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
/ r r r m m m f z t n e r g k o a f s t n J e & A m m 3 k C @ S
k / r m o S r z m s m f g a e o k G r a r k n c s t y n m e ` N f A m U C
o k m t f j ` y ` a ` t r m x U M m ^ t a S o f d d E a h k U r d
t ` u ^ c S k E r \
g o ) f c c o m m f r k j S E u = m q m o U @ f j k d F s a ( G
U M Y F O A S ] E M C P A G U M K B P A P M H U / M \ J H @ K V @ @ M U
k t s o f d d a h r a a r \ g a ) f s C 4 f p 1 w . j j f j k 5 n D m \ r u o s s g k m f ` D r v k m r n \ @ ( ^ ® S x E a h k r A
c s v . 4 < 1 3 . 7 < < < . 1 < 1 < < [ 7 < 5 Q
P U A ] D G J \ M ] P A J / @ U U V M S @ V M U U C
. g f r d m U S O U M ] M J G D O D A M N / C @ M ^ M M D
G P P O U M F K C @ H S A U @ O O K A U D A M ] M U U D
J U K U K ] U S D S @ J O ] K A P @ M U
U M C S M A M M D N M U \
. W . @
P U M P O M C O K @
S U K @ S ] A C U K U A \ \ M P
U U M ] E D U J ] K P P E A
a n t n p . a t J O
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
4=
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Snm cmeutaofzmr ekttkhs strmah fs rkutmc tk tnm ES^ mxtra`tfko uoft wnmrm prkcu`t fs mxtra`tmc aoc uo`kovmrtmc paraddfos arm rm`kvmrmc dkr rm`y`jm tk tnm Arkhax® rmdkrhmr. A suhhary kd tnm cmsfgo parahmtmrs dkr tnm Arkhax® prk`mss fs snkwo fo Saejm 5.14. Snm prkcu`t hfx cmpmocs ko tnm dmmcstk`b. Dmmcs `kotafofog @4 tnrkugn @7 `khpkomots wfjj prkcu`m emozmom aoc tkjumom, wnmrmas a @4 tnrkugn @> dmmc wfjj prkcu`m xyjmoms as wmjj. Snm dmmc `ut pkfots aoc rmsujtfog prkcu`t hfx arm snkwo fo Saejm 5.17.
Saejm 5.14 Arkh Ar khax ax Umdkrhfog Cmsfgo \arahmtmrs \arahmtmrs ®
Av Avmrag ragm rma rma`tkr tkr prms rmssurm, rm, psfg Uma`tkr tmhpmraturm, ¼D Um`y`jm gas ratm, ratm, P@D/eej P@D/eej Um`y`jm gas ratfk, ratfk, N59N@ JNPT, JNPT, nr-1
1=< >=<-6=< (1) 4,0<<(1) =91 1.=
(1) (1)
Easmc ko tktaj dmmc.
Saejm 5.17 Arkh Ar khax ax \rkcu`t Hfx vmrsus Dmmc @ut @ut \kfot ®
@ut \kfot Uaogm, ¼@ =<->< =<-11= =<-1=< =<-17< 5.7.3
\rkcu`t Hfx Emozmom ES ES^ ES^ + @6s
]K\‖s ]K\‖s UY \jatdkrhf ogSH
Snm UY \jatdkrhfogSH `atajyst fs a dfxmc emc, rmgmomraejm `atajyst systmh tnat ]K\ nas wkrbmc ko dkr kvmr tmo ymars. Ft nas tnm aefjfty tk `kovmrt @4 aoc @7 paraddfos tk arkhatf`s, aoc fs partf`ujarjy wmjj suftmc dkr prkcu`mrs rmqufrfog jargm ahkuots kd emozmom. Dmmcstk`bs tk tnm rmdkrhfog uoft usfog tnm UY-1<< `atajyst `ao raogm drkh mxtra`tfko uoft raddfoatms tk ES^ oapntnas. Hkst strmahs wfjj rmqufrm nycrktrmatfog nycrktrmatfog aoc rmruoofog tk rmhkvm tnm @=s emdkrm prk`mssfog fo fo tnm UY-1<< uoft. Ajtnkugn tnm UY-1<< `atajyst fs fs sfhfjar fo fo haoy ways tk `kovmotfkoaj rmdkrhfog `atajyst, ft cfddmrs grmatjy fo tnm prkcu`tfko kd emozmom aoc tkjumom. Snm smjm`tfvfty smjm`tfvfty kd UY-1<< dkr tnmsm jfgnt arkhatf`s fs grmatjy fhprkvmc kvmr `kovmotfkoaj `atajyst. Dfgurm 5.17 snkws a prk`mss djkw cfagrah kd tnm ]K\‖s UY \jatdkrhfogSH prk`mss.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
44
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
j s m a u D G
G \ J
s ` f t a h k r A
s s m ` k r \ 7 g h a 1 o r . f 5 h g a m r f r k C d u t g j a w f k D \ j - D Y U \ K ]
+ 4
@
U M Y F J F E A S P
c s v . 4 < 1 3 . 7 < < < . 1 < 1 < < [ 7 < 5 Q
U M J F K E M U
o m t g m r k O c y N
P U M S A M N C M U F D P U K S @ A M U
O U M K G S A K U U A C \ V N M P
U O M K M J P P G @ K V M U @ U C M \ V U H N K @
h a m t P
c r m m z m f c D o & t m t a a + m m 4 o t r @ m a t p o k f d r a m d c n C a y t U N n h p k a r O D
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
47
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Ao UY \jatdkrhfogSH uoft `ao em usmc fo parajjmj wftn a sm`koc `kovmotfkoaj rmdkrhfog uoft tk kptfhfzm tnm prkcu`tfko kd cmsfrmc arkhatf`s ey prk`mssfog cfddmrmot dra`tfkos kd tnm nycrktrmatmc dmmc. Fo su`n `asms, tnm tnm `kovmotfkoaj rmdkrhmr `ao em cmcf`atmc tk prk`mssfog tnm nmavfmr dmmc dra`tfko, tabfog acvaotagm kd fts aefjfty tk prkcu`m xyjmoms. A jfgnt oapntna strmah, wnf`n fs rf`n fo @4 aoc @7 `khpkomots, `ao em rkutmc tk tnm UY \jatdkrhfogSH uoft, wnmrm smjm`tfvfty dkr `kovmrtfog jfgnt paraddfos tk emozmom aoc tkjumom fs grmatmr. A rmdkrhmr raddfoatm strmah strmah `kujc ajsk em rm`y`jmc tk tk tnm UY uoft. Snm UY prk`mss fs fcmotf`aj tk ktnmr smhf-rmgmomratfvm smhf-rmgmomratfvm (PU) rmdkrhmr rmdkrhmr prk`mssms. Dmmc drkh tnm nycrktrmatmr aoc raddfoatm drkh drkh tnm sujdkjaom sujdkjaom uoft arm trmatmc fo a sujdur guarc emc. Snm dmmc fs tnmo `khefomc wftn rm`y`jm nycrkgmo, prmnmatmc ey mx`naogm wftn rma`tkr mddjumot, nmatmc tk rma`tfko tmhpmraturm ey a `nargm nmatmr, aoc passmc tk tnm dfrst rma`tkr. Pfo`m mocktnmrhf` rma`tfkos `ausm tnm tmhpmraturm tk cm`rmasm, tnm mddjumot fs rmnmatmc tk rma`tfko tmhpmraturm aoc smot tk tnm sm`koc rma`tkr. Mddjumot drkh tnm sm`koc sm`koc rma`tkr fs rmnmatmc aoc smot tk tnm tnfrc rma`tkr aoc sk sk ko. Mddjumot drkh tnm jast rma`tkr rma`tkr fs `kkjmc emdkrm emfog passmc tk tnm prkcu`ts smparatkr cruh. \rkcu`ts smparatkr gas, wnf`n fs nycrkgmo-rf`n, fs `khprmssmc aoc `khefomc wftn drmsn dmmc tk tnm uoft. Omt gas fs fs tabmo drkh drkh tnm prkcu`ts smparatkr aoc `khprmssmc fo a twk twk stagm `kuotmr`urrmot rm`kota`tfog s`nmhm tnat haxfhfzms rm`kvmry kd @=+ jfqufcs tk tnm dra`tfkoatfko sm`tfko. Snfs ajsk fo`rmasms fo`rmasms tnm purfty kd tnm eyprkcu`t nycrkgmo strmah. ]ostaefjfzmc rmdkrhatm drkh tnm `kuotmr`urrmot rm`kota`tfog sm`tfko fs prmnmatmc ey mx`naogm wftn cmeutaofzmr `kjuho ekttkhs ekttkhs emdkrm emfog dmc tk tnm cmeutaofzmr `kjuho. Snm cmeutaofzmr `kjuho fs rmekfjmc ey tnm dfrmc nmatmr `kovm`tfko sm`tfko sm`tfko aoc a dfrmc trfh trfh nmatmr. Kvmrnmacs drkh tnm `kjuho arm partjy `kocmosmc fo tnm cmeutaofzmr `kocmosmr aoc `kjjm`tmc fo tnm cmeutaofzmr kvmrnmac rm`mfvmr. ]o`kocmosmc vapkrs arm rm`y`jmc tk tk tnm rm`kota`tfog sm`tfko. Pkhm kd tnm jfqufc fs rmturomc tk tnm `kjuho as rmdjux aoc tnm rmhafofog kvmrnmac jfqufc prkcu`t fs smot tk tnm eattmry jfhfts dkr rm`kvmry kd J\G. Snm staefjfzmc rmdkrhatm prkcu`t ekttkhs ekttkhs arm `kkjmc agafost tnm `kjuho dmmc aoc tnm prkcu`ts `kkjmr emdkrm emfog smot tk tnm eattmry jfhfts.
5.7.=
Puhhary kd Oko-`kovmotfkoaj Ukutms
Snm ES^ cfstrfeutfko dkr ma`n kd tnm oko-`kovmotfkoaj rkutms fs `khparmc wftn a `kovmotfkoaj @@U rmdkrhatm (UKO81<5) cfstrfeutfko cfstrfeutfko fo Dfgurm 5.1>. Nkwmvmr, as `ao em smmo fo tnm dfgurm, dfgurm, ® emozmom prkcu`tfko drkh tnm Arkhax prk`mss fs sfgofdf`aotjy hkrm tnao drkh tnm Ajpna prk`mss (f.m. 4= pmr`mot vmrsus 0< pmr`mot). Snm emozmom prkcu`tfko drkh tnm @y`jar SH aoc UY \jatdkrhfogSH prk`mssms fs sfhfjar sfhfjar aoc jkwmr tnao tnmsm twk prk`mssms. Snm @@U rkutm prkcu`ms tnm jmast ahkuot kd emozmom at tnm suggmstmc `kovmrsfko.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
4>
Pm`tfko 5
@urrmot @khhmr`faj @khhmr`faj Sm`nokjkgy
Dfgur m 5.1> 5.1> Ar khatf kh atf`s `s Cfs trfe tr fe utfk ut fk o fo f o Ok o-@k ov mot fkoaj fk oaj Uku tms 1<<% ><% 4<% 3<% 5<% <% @@U
@V@JAU Emoz Emozmo mom m
UY \JASDKUHFOG
Skjumo Skjumom m
Hfxmc ^yjmoms ^yjmoms
AU AUKHA^
AJ\NA
@6+ @6+ Arkhatf` atf`s s
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nar t s.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
46
Pm`tfko Pm`tfko 0
Cmvmjkpfog Sm`nokjkgfms
Pfo`m tnm jast \MU\ rmpkrt ko tnfs sueim`t tnmrm navm emmo ouhmrkus patmots aoc patmot appjf`atfkos cmajfog wftn tnm tnm prkcu`tfko kd arkhatf`s. A haikrfty kd tnmsm navm emmo awarcmc tk tnm twk haikr jf`moskrs jf`moskrs kd arkhatf`s arkhatf`s tm`nokjkgy, oahmjy ]K\ aoc FD\ (Axmos). Omxaot nas rmvfmwmc tnm rm`mot cmvmjkphmots dkr tnm prkcu`tfko kd emozmom aoc tkjumom. Snm hkrm fotmrmstfog cmvmjkphmots arm cfs`ussmc fo tnfs sm`tfko.
0.1
HMSNAOKJ SK AUKHASF@P
Snm cmsfrm tk rm`mfvm vajum dkr "straocmc" gas fs stfhujatfog rmsmar`n arkuoc tnm wkrjc tk cmvmjkp `atajysts aoc prk`mss tm`nokjkgy dkr `kovmrtfog oaturaj gas tk traospkrtaejm `khhmr`faj prkcu`ts. A. Wu aoc @. Crabm kd \nfjjfps \mtrkjmuh (okw @nmvrko \nfjjfps @nmhf`aj @khpaoy) navm patmotmc a okvmj `atajyst `khefoatfko tnat `kovmrts hmtnaokj (HmKN) tk arkhatf`s (HSA) aoc mspm`fajjy xyjmoms. Hmtnaokj tk arkhatf`s was dfrst dkuoc fo Hkefj's Hkefj's Omw Ymajaoc hmtnaokj tk gaskjfom (HSG) pfjkt prk`mss kpmratmc kpm ratmc fo tnm 16>< aoc 4,3>6,=5>), 1< g kd PA\K-03 was hfxmc wftn 1< g kd `kjjkfcaj sfjf`a skjutfko aoc tnm hfxturm mxtrucmc fotk 1/14"-cfah pmjjmts aoc crfmc at rkkh tmhpmraturm. Snm crfmc pmjjmts wmrm tnmo `aj`fomc at =0>¼@ (1<<<¼D) dkr 4 nkurs. Dkr tnm sm`koc-stagm `atajyst, 5> g kd NYPH-= was hfxmc wftn 5.> g kd zfo` nmxaekratm aoc 05.3 g kd `kjjkfcaj sfjf`a skjutfko. Snm hfxturm was was tnmo mxtrucmc fotk 1/14"-cfah pmjjmts, crfmc, aoc stmahmc dkr 4=<¼@ (15<5¼D) dkr 3 nkurs. Sk cmhkostratm tnm rmqufrmhmot tk usm tnm twk `atajysts fo smqumo`m, ruos usfog ma`n `atajyst ajkom wmrm pmrdkrhmc dfrst. A HmKN‐N HmKN‐N5K dmmcstk`b (5<9>< hkjm ratfk) was passmc tnrkugn a stafojmss stmmj tuem rma`tkr `kotafofog tnm PA\K-03 `atajyst at 3=<¼@ (>35 ¼D) aoc < psfg at a ratm kd 5= hJ/n. Adtmr 7.5 nkurs ko strmah strmah ft was dkuoc tnat HmKN was 1<< pmr`mot `kovmrtmc, eut ok arkhatf`s wmrm dkrhmc. A sfhfjar mxpmrfhmot was pmrdkrhmc usfog kojy tnm zmkjftm `atajyst. Agafo, 1<< pmr`mot `kovmrsfko kd tnm HmKN was a`nfmvmc, eut wftn kojy ~1 pmr`mot smjm`tfvfty tk arkhatf`s. A tnfrc mxpmrfhmot was ruo wftn ektn `atajysts pja`mc fo smqumo`m fo tnm tueujar rma`tkr (PA\K03 was tnm uppmr `atajyst) aoc ruo uocmr tnm `kocftfkos cms`rfemc aekvm. Snfs tfhm, crahatf`ajjy cfddmrmot rmsujts wmrm wmrm ketafomc. Wftn 1<< pmr`mot HmKN `kovmrsfko, 01.0 wt pmr`mot smjm`tfvfty smjm`tfvfty tk arkhatf`s was a`nfmvmc wftn a vmry nfgn >1 pmr`mot kd tnm arkhatf`s emfog xyjmoms. Fotmrmstfogjy, fd tnm twk `atajysts arm pnysf`ajjy hfxmc, tnmo kojy aekut 1< wt pmr`mot smjm`tfvfty tk arkhatf`s fs a`nfmvmc. Ft snkujc em bmpt fo hfoc tnat HmKN "`kotafos" =4 wt pmr`mot watmr aoc kojy 33 wt pmr`mot nycrk`arekos. Snus, tnm haxfhuh wmfgnt yfmjc kd arkhatf`s tnat `kujc em a`nfmvmc fs ~35 pmr`mot. ]odkrtuoatmjy, tnm patmot ckms okt gfvm mokugn fodkrhatfko tk trujy uocmrstaoc tnm hm`naofsh kd tnfs uousuaj `atajysfs. Dkr fostao`m, fo tnm ruos tnat usmc kojy tnm focfvfcuaj `atajysts, tnm patmot Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
7<
Pm`tfko 0
Cmvmjkpfog Sm`nokjkgfms
ckms okt rmvmaj wnat prkcu`ts arm dkrhmc drkh drkh tnm `khpjmtm `kovmrsfko kd tnm HmKN. Ft `ao em surhfsmc tnat tnm jfbmjy prkcu`ts arm hkstjy kjmdfos em`ausm PA\K-03 fs tnm bmy `atajyst fo tnm ]K\/Nycrk Hmtnaokj tk kjmdfos kjmdfos (HSK) prk`mss. prk`mss. Snmo, mxpksurm kd tnm dkrhmc dkrhmc kjmdfos tk tk tnm zmkjftm `atajyst `kujc `kovmrt tnmh tk arkhatf`s a rkhatf`s ì ja Hkefj's HSG prk`mss tnat usmc YPH-=.
0.5
HMSNAOM SK EMOYMOM
Cfrm`t `atajytf` `kovmrsfko kd hmtnaom tk nfgnmr nycrk`arekos aoc spm`fdf`ajjy tk arkhatf`s (m.g., su`n as emozmom) nas rm`mfvmc mxtmosfvm attmotfko fo tnm omws rm`motjy9
Iapao‖s Hftsuf @nmhf`ajs Fo`. safc ft wfjj kpmo a rmsmar`n aoc cmvmjkphmot `motmr ko Pfogapkrm‖s Iurkog Fsjaoc tk cmvmjkp a `atajyst tk prkcu`m emozmom drkh oaturaj gas. Snm `khpaoy afhs tk prkcu`m at jmast 4<< bta kd emozmom drkh gas adtmr aekut = ymars kd U&C. Hftsuefsnf @nmhf`aj nas mstaejfsnmc ao focustrfaj prk`mss dkr prkcu`fog emozmom aoc nycrkgmo drkh `kbm kvmo gas (@KG) aoc `areko cfkxfcm (@K5) `kotafomc fo pjaot wastm gas. Snm `khpaoy pjaos tk start `kostru`tfog a 1=<-5=< bta emozmom pjaot easmc ko tnm prk`mss as marjy as 5<<>.
Cmtafjs aekut tnm Hftsuf aoc Hftsuefsnf Hftsuefsnf tm`nokjkgfms arm arm okt ymt avafjaejm. Nkwmvmr, @kok`k \nfjjfps @khpaoy was awarcmc a patmot (].P. patmot 4,==5,530) dkr a `atajyst aoc prk`mss dkr prkcu`fog arkhatf`s drkh hmtnaom. Snfs patmot `khprfsms ao fovmotfko dkr tnm oko-kxfcatfvm arkhatfzatfko kd hmtnaom usfog a `rystajjfom ajuhfoksfjf`atm hkjm`ujar sfmvm `atajyst mxnfeftfog a nfgn `kovmrsfko aoc a nfgn smjm`tfvfty tk arkhatf`s nycrk`arekos su`n as emozmom, tkjumom, xyjmom aoc oapntnajmom. Snm `atajyst mxnfefts tnm HDF `rystaj stru`turm (m.g., YPH-=) aoc nas a sfjf`a-tk-ajuhfoa ratfk kd aekut =<91. Fo accftfko tnm `rystajjfom `rystajjfom ajuhfoksfjf`atm nas tnm tnm mxtmroaj surda`m a`fcfty smjm`tfvmjy passfvatmc ey hmaos kd ao ahkrpnkus sfjf`a jaymr. Snm prk`mss `khprfsms a kom kr hujtfpjm dfxmc-emc rma`tkrs fo smrfms tnat `kota`ts a hmtnaom dmmc strmah wftn tnm `atajyst at tnm prmdmrrmc tmhpmraturm kd 47=-7=<¼@ (1537-10>5¼D), at a prmdmrrmc prmssurm kd emtwmmo <.= aoc 5 ear aoc a prmdmrrmc wmfgnt nkurjy spa`m vmjk`fty (WNPT) kd <.1-3 nr -1. Fo tnm hujtf-stagm cmsfgo tnm prkcu`ts arm rm`kvmrmc ey hmaos kd ao fotmrhmcfatm fotmrhmcfatm smparatfko stmp emtwmmo tnm rma`tkrs. At tnm sahm tfhm nycrkgmo fs rmhkvmc drkh tnm fotmrhmcfatm fotmrhmcfatm strmah fo krcmr tk crfvm crfvm tnm rma`tfko tkwarc `khpjmtfko. Jkw hkjm`ujar wmfgnt nycrk`arekos `ao em rm`y`jmc tk mxtfo`tfko. mxtfo`tfko. Nycrkgmo `ao ajsk ajsk em rm`y`jmc. Snm patmot mxahpjms snkw hmtnaom `kovmrsfkos as nfgn as 5= pmr`mot aoc arkhatf` yfmjcs (@4@1<) as nfgn as 1= pmr`mot, eut kojy dkr snkrt pmrfkcs. pmrfkcs. Adtmr aekut ao nkur tnm `kovmrsfko aoc yfmjcs crkp sfgofdf`aotjy tk 1=-5< pmr`mot aoc 7-> pmr`mot, rmspm`tfvmjy.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
71
Pm`tfko 0
0.0
Cmvmjkpfog Sm`nokjkgfms
\ASMOSP KD FOSMUMPS
0.0.1 Ax mos (FD\) aoc ao c PB @kr pkrat pk rat fko fk o Axmos fs jf`mosfog a omw tm`nokjkgy cmvmjkpmc aoc patmotmc ey PB @krp. dkr upgracfog pyrkjysfs gaskjfom (rm. ].P. patmot 4,40=,765). Snfs smjm`tfvm `atajytf` tm`nokjkgy `kovmrts tnm @6+ hatmrfaj (vfa nycrkcmajbyjatfko) aoc @4-@> oko-arkhatf`s (vfa `ra`bfog aoc nycrkgmoatfko) `kotafomc fo pygas tk ES^ aoc J\G. Snm m`kokhf`s wfjj em vmry cmpmocmot ko tnm vajums kd tnm raddfoatm, @6 arkhatf`s aoc J\G. Ko-spm` emozmom `ao em prkcu`mc prkcu`mc vfa cfstfjjatfko aoc, tnus, ft mjfhfoatms kr rmpja`ms tnm skjvmot mxtra`tfko prk`mss. Snm J\G `kujc em rm`y`jmc tk tnm stmah `ra`bmr dkr accftfkoaj accftfkoaj mtnyjmom aoc prkpyjmom prkcu`tfko. Snm `atajyst fs fs `khprfsmc mftnmr kd pjatfouh/tfo kr pjatfouh/jmac. Snm yfmjcs drkh ao Acvao`mc \ygas ]pgracfog ]oft (A\]) arm `khparmc wftn tnksm drkh ao mxtra`tfko uoft fo Saejm 0.1. A quf`b aoajysfs snkws tnat tnm gafo fo ES^ fs aekut 4.= wmfgnt pmr`mot wnmo mhpjkyfog tnm A\] tm`nokjkgy.
Saejm 0.1 A\] Vfmj V fmjcs cs aoc \rk cu `ts `t s (bhta)
]oft Dmmcs \rkcu`ts
A\] \ygas Nycrkgmo Sk t aj Fo Emozmom Skjumom ^yjmoms Uaddfoatm (Ez) Dumj Kfj J\G Dumj Gas Sk t aj Ku t
3<< 11 311 1>< 65 55 4 3 75 04 311
Mxtra`tfko 3<< < 3<< 17< 44 3< 74 3> < < 3<<
Snm nfstkrf`aj prf`fog kd emozmom raddfoatm, @6 arkhatf`s (mquaj tk fts hkgas ejmocfog vajum) aoc J\G fs snkwo fo fo Dfgurm 0.1 dkr tnm tnm ]PG@. Snfs snkws tnat nfstkrf`ajjy J\G nas nac a jkwmr vajum tnao @6 arkhatf`s aoc fs aekut mquaj fo vajum tk emozmom raddfoatm. (Snm jattmr `ao ajsk ajsk em rm`y`jmc tk tnm stmah `ra`bmr dkr accftfkoaj mtnyjmom aoc prkpyjmom prkcu`tfkos ajtnkugn tnm yfmjc kd mtnyjmom aoc prkpyjmom fs jkwmr tnao dkr J\G). Easmc ko tnfs prf`fog prf`fog cata, ft fs uo`mrtafo wnmtnmr accfog ao A\] uoft wfjj fhprkvm fhprkvm tnm m`kokhf`s kd ao arkhatf`s da`fjfty. da`fjfty. Snm appjf`atfko kd tnm A\] tm`nokjkgy wfjj em vmry sftm spm`fdf` cmpmocfog vmry hu`n ko tnm vajums appjfmc tk tnm prkcu`ts fo qumstfko.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
75
Pm`tfko 0
Cmvmjkpfog Sm`nokjkgfms
Dfgur m 0.1 Nfstkrf`aj @6 Arkhatf`s, J\G aoc Emozmom Uaddfoatm \rf`fog (]PG@) (]P ckjjars pmr hmtrf` tko) 1,5<< 1,<<< ><< S H / $
4<< 3<< 5<< < 5<<<
5<<1
5<<5
5<<0
@6 AUKHASF@P
5<<3 J\G
5<<=
5<<4
Uaddfoatm (Ez)
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nar ts.xj s
PB @krpkratfko nas tabmo tnm A\] prk`mss a stmp durtnmr aoc fotmgratmc ft wftn a pyrkjysfs uoft (rm. ].P. patmot appjf`atfko 5<<4/<5>7=41). Snm jatmst fovmotfko prkcu`ms fo`rmasmc arkhatf`s ey prk`mssfog tnm pygas fo tnm A\] aoc rm`y`jfog tnm J\G tk tnm pyrkjysfs uoft tk fhprkvm tnm prkcu`tfvfty kd jfgnt kjmdfos. A ejk`b djkw cfagrah kd tnm fovmotfko fs snkwo fo Dfgurm 0.5. Snm sfgofdf`aot dmaturms kd tnfs fotmgratfko s`nmhm arm9
tnm pygas drkh tnm stmah `ra`bmr fs rm`y`jmc tk tnm A\] uoft
tnm nycrkgmo drkh tnm stmah `ra`bmr `kjc ekx fs rm`y`jm tk tnm A\] uoft
tnm rmdkrhmr gracm nycrkgmo (4<-7= hkj pmr`mot) aoc J\G drkh tnm A\] uoft fs rm`y`jm tk tnm stmah `ra`bmr tnm oko-arkhatf`s drkh tnm A\] uoft arm rm`y`jmc tk tnm stmah `ra`bmr
Wftnfo tnm A\] uoft tnm djkw fs hu`n jfbm jfbm a nycrktrmatmr. \ygas drkh tnm stmah `ra`bmr fs fs `khefomc wftn nycrkgmo. Snm nycrkgmo fs rm`y`jmc drkh tnm stmah `ra`bmr aoc habm-up nycrkgmo (N5 H]) fs accmc tk hafotafo tnm nycrkgmo purfty. Snm dmmc hfx fs prmnmatmc wftn rma`tkr mddjumot emdkrm rma`nfog tnm dfoaj rma`tkr fojmt tmhpmraturm fo a dfrmc nmatmr. Wftnfo tnm rma`tkr smvmraj smvmraj rma`tfkos tabm pja`m9 cmajbyjatfko, traosajbyjatfko traosajbyjatfko aoc nycrkgmoatfko. Snm `atajyst fs 1<-6= wt pmr`mot zmkjftms wnf`n at jmast kom smjm`tmc drkh tnm grkup `kosfstfog kd hkrcmoftm, a emta typm kd zmkjftm aoc a YPH-= typm kd zmkjftm aoc wnf`n nas a sfjf`a/ajuhfoa hkjar ratfk kd 5<< kr jmss. Snfs fs hfxmc hfxmc wftn =-6< wt. pmr`mot fokrgaof` efocmr tk prkcu`m prkcu`m a Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
70
Pm`tfko 0
Cmvmjkpfog Sm`nokjkgfms
suppkrt aoc mftnmr pjatfouh/tfo kr pjatfouh/jmac fs suppkrtmc ko tnm hfxturm. Sypf`aj yfmjcs dkr tnm A\] uoft arm prkvfcmc fo Saejm 0.5.
Saejm 0.5 A\] Vfmjcs Vfmj cs (wmfgnt pmr`mot) Dmmc Dmmc Nycrkgmo Hmtnaom Mtnaom J\G @=+ oko arkhatf`s arkhatf`s Emozmom Skjumom Mtnyjemozmom ^yjmoms @6+ arkhatf arkhatf`s `s
A\] Mddjumot
Mxtra`tfk o pjus @>+ NCA
<.7 4.4 17.7 1.3 33.3 55.= <.= =.5 1.<
=.= 5.= <.< 16.< ==.< 14.0 <.< <.< 1.7
¶
16.5 35.0 14.= =.6 3.< 15.1
¶nycrkgmo tk A\]81.< wt%2 nycrkgmo tk mxtra`tfko & NCA81.1 wt%
Snm rma`tkr mddjumot fs `kkjmc dfrst ey prmnmatfog tnm dmmc aoc tnmo dfoajjy ey afr aoc/kr `kkjfog watmr tk aekut 0<-=<¼@ (>4-155¼D). Snm rmsujtfog hfxmc hfxmc pnasm fs smparatmc smparatmc aoc tnm jfqufc smot tk a `kovmotfkoaj dra`tfkoatfko systmh wnmrm tnm arkhatf` `khpkomots (emozmom, tkjumom aoc xyjmoms) arm smparatmc aoc rm`kvmrmc. rm`kvmrmc. Snm gas, wnf`n fs 4<-7= hkj pmr`mot nycrkgmo aoc 5=-3< hkj pmr`mot nycrk`areko (hmtnaom, mtnaom, J\G) fs smot tk tnm stmah `ra`bmr `khprmssfko sm`tfko dkr rm`kvmry kd tnm tnm J\G aoc rm`y`jm rm`y`jm kd tnm nycrkgmo. Snm J\G fs rm`kvmrmc vfa dra`tfkoatfko aoc rm`y`jmc tk tnm pyrkjysfs duroa`ms as accftfkoaj dmmc. Pfo`m tnm mxahpjm usmc nmrmfo fs a oapntna `ra`bmr, tnm J\G wkujc okrhajjy em rm`y`jmc tk smparatm pyrkjysfs duroa`ms dkr kptfhuh `ra`bfog.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
73
Pm`tfko 0
Cmvmjkpfog Sm`nokjkgfms
Dfgur m 0.5 Fotmgratmc A\]/\yrkjysfs A\]/\yrkjysfs ]oft Ejk`b Djkw Cfagrah Gas (4<-7= hkj% nycrkgmo) N5 H] Pmparatkr
Emozmom Skjumom
Duroa`m
Dra`tfkoatfko Pm`tfko
^yjmoms
Uma`tkr
@6+ arkhatf`s
Nycrkgmo
A\]
Oko-arkhatf`s
\ygas
Ptmah @ra`bmr Mtnyjmom Oapntna
\rykjysfs Duroa`ms
@khprmssfko Pm`tfko
\rkpyjmom
@kjc Ekx Dra`tfkoatfko Pm`tfko
\yrkjysfs Dumj Kfj @5, @0, @3 rm`y`jm Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4.ppt
0.0.5
@nmvrko \nfj jfps @nmhf`aj @khpaoy (@\@nmh) (@\@nmh)
@nmvrko @nmhf`aj @khpaoy (okw @nmvrko \nfjjfps @nmhf`aj @khpaoy) nas emmo awarcmc a patmot (].P. patmot 4,130,144) fo wnf`n rmdkrhfog/arkhatfzatfko kd nycrk`arekos k``urs fo twk parajjmj rmdkrhmrs fo krcmr tk haxfhfzm tnm emozmom aoc para-xyjmom prkcu`tfko. Fo tnm dfrst rmdkrhmr nycrk`arekos `khprfsfog a @4-@7 `ut arm passmc kvmr a hkokduo`tfkoaj, oko-a`fcf` arkhatfzatfko `atajyst at rmdkrhfog `kocftfkos tk dkrh a rmdkrhatm `khprfsfog emozmom aoc a nycrkgmo rf`n gas navfog a purfty kd at jmast >> hkj pmr`mot. Snm sm`koc parajjmj rmdkrhmr dmmcs a pkrtfko kd tnm nycrkgmo rf`n gas drkh tnm dfrst rmdkrhmr aoc a nycrk`areko dmmc `khprfsfog a @>+ `ut kvmr a efduo`tfkoaj, a`fcf` rmdkrhfog `atajyst, uocmr rmdkrhfog `kocftfkos tk dkrh a xyjmoms prkcu`t. ]sm kd su`n a prk`mssfog s`nmhm ajjkws ao fo`rmasm fo tnm nycrkgmo purfty purfty rma`nfog tnm efduo`tfkoaj rmdkrhmr `atajyst wnfjm hfofhfzfog tnm tktaj gas djkw ratm tk tnm rmdkrhmr aoc hfofhfzfog tnm `khprmsskr nkrsmpkwmr. Snm nfgnmr purfty nycrkgmo rmcu`ms `kbfog aoc fo`rmasms tnm jfdm kd tnm tnm efduo`tfkoaj `atajyst. Snm rmdkrhfog fo ektn rma`tkrs fs `arrfmc kut fo tnm prmsmo`m kd nycrkgmo at a prmssurm aciustmc tk davkr tnm cmnycrk`y`jfzatfko rma`tfko tnmrhkcyoahf`ajjy aoc tk jfhft uocmsfraejm nycrk`ra`bfog rma`tfkos. Kpmratfog `kocftfkos arm typf`ajjy 3< tk 1=< psfg, 3<< tk 4<<¼@ (7=5 tk 1115¼D), aoc a nycrkgmo tk nycrk`areko ratfk emtwmmo 591 aoc 491. Emjkw 3<<¼@ tnm rma`tfko spmmc fs fosuddf`fmot aoc
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
7=
Pm`tfko 0
Cmvmjkpfog Sm`nokjkgfms
`kosmqumotjy tnm yfmjc fs fs tkk jkw dkr focustrfaj purpksms. Kpmratfog aekvm 4<<¼@ rmcu`ms tnm yfmjc cum tk fotmrdmrmo`m drkh sm`kocary rma`tfkos su`n as nycrk`ra`bfog aoc `kbfog.
0.0.0
@nfoa \mtrkjmuh aoc @nmhf`aj @krpk ratfko (@\@@ (@\@@)) & Pfokpm`
@\@@ aoc Pfokpm` navm cmvmjkpmc a omw `khpksftm skjvmot (].P. patmot 7,<7>,=><) dkr mxtra`tfvm cfstfjjatfko (MC) kd arkhatf`s. Snm `khpksftm fs hacm up kd a skjvmot, a skjutfzmr aoc a hkcfdfmr. Snm skjutfzmr fs smjm`tmc drkh aoy kom (kr hfxturm hfxturm kd aoy twk) kd @>-@11 arkhatf`s navfog cfddmrmot ouhemr kd `areko atkhs wnmrm tnm ouhemr kd `areko atkhs kd tnm jkwmst arkhatf` fo tnm skjutfzmr snkujc em grmatmr tnao tnat kd tnm nfgnmst arkhatf` fo tnm arkhatf`s tk em smparatmc. Snm skjvmot aoc hkcfdfmr (<.<1-1< wmfgnt wmfgnt pmr`mot) arm focmpmocmotjy smjm`tmc drkh sujdkjaom cmrfvatfvms, O-dkrhyjhkrpnkjfom (ODH) aoc O-hmtnyjpyrrkjfckom (OH\). Snm a`fcfty aoc easf`fty kd tnm hkcfdfmr hkcfdfmr arm kppksftm tk tnksm tnksm kd tnm hafo skjvmot. Accftfko kd tnm hkcfdfmr fotk tnm `khpksftm skjvmot `ao skjvm tnm cmvfatfko kd tnm smparatmc arkhatf`s drkh omutrajfty `ausmc ey tnm hafo skjvmot. skjvmot. Dkr fostao`m, wnmo sujdkjaom fs usmc as a hafo skjvmot, tnm smparatmc arkhatf` prkcu`t fs ajsk wmabjy a`fcf` as sujdkjaom fs wmabjy a`fcf` pmr sm. Snmrmdkrm, a pkst trmathmot kd tnm prkcu`t fs ommcmc tk tk omutrajfzm fts a`fcfty. Pfhfjarjy wnmo wmabjy easf` O-dkrhyjhkrpnkjfom kr O-hmtnyjpyrrkjfckom fs usmc as tnm hafo skjvmot, tnm smparatmc prkcu`t fs ajsk wmabjy easf`. easf`. Snmrmdkrm, ao a`fc trmathmot kd tnm prkcu`t fs ommcmc tk omutrajfzm tnm easf`fty tnmrmkd. Snm prk`mss dkr smparatfog arkhatf`s ey mxtra`tfvm cfstfjjatfko usfog tnm `khpksftm a``krcfog tk tnfs fovmotfko fs9 Fotrkcu`fog tnm jmao `khpksftm skjvmot tk tnm uppmr pkrtfko kd tnm MC `kjuho. Fotrkcu`fog tnm nycrk`areko hfxturm tk tnm hfccjm kd tnm Mc `kjuho. Wftncrawfog tnm oko-arkhatf`s drkh tnm tkp kd tnm MC `kjuho. \assfog tnm rf`n `khpksftm skjvmot `kotafofog tnm arkhatf`s drkh tnm ekttkh kd tnm MC `kjuho tk tnm hfccjm kd a skjvmot rm`kvmry `kjuho. Um`kvmrfog tnm arkhatf`s (emozmom kr emozmom/tkjumom hfxturm) drkh tnm tkp kd tnm rm`kvmry `kjuho. Um`kvmrfog tnm jmao `khpksftm skjvmot drkh tnm ekttkh kd tnm rm`kvmry `kjuho aoc smocfog ft tk tnm tkp kd tnm MC `kjuho. Snm kpmratfog `kocftfkos arm9
Skp prmssurm, H\a Fojmt tmhpmraturm tmhpmraturm (jmao/rf`n (jmao/rf`n skjvmot), ¼@ Ekttkh tmhpmraturm, tmhpmraturm, ¼@ Pkjvmot tk dmmc ratfk ratfk Umdjux ratfk ratfk Snmkrmtf Snmkrmtf`aj `aj trays
MC @kjuho <.1<-<.0< ><-10< 10<-1>< 0.<-7.< <.1-0.< 1<-3<
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
Um`kvmry @kjuho <.<3-<.1< 15=-17= 14<-16< <.=-5.= 1<-5=
74
Pm`tfko 0
Cmvmjkpfog Sm`nokjkgfms
Cum tk tnm accftfko kd tnm skjutfzmr, tnm `khpksftm skjvmot monao`ms tnm skjuefjfty moaejfog tnm `khpksftm skjvmot tk navm suddf`fmotjy nfgn rm`kvmry ratms wnmo usmc tk rm`kvmr arkhatf`s drkh dmmcstk`b wftn jkw jkw arkhatf` `kotmot, tnus, mxpaocfog tnm appjf`aejm arma kd tnm cmvf`m. Snm accftfko kd tnm hkcfdfmr mosurms tnm omutrajfty kd tnm arkhatf` prkcu`t aoc tnmrmey rmcu`ms kr khfts tnm pkst trmathmot.
0.0.3
MxxkoHkefj
].P. patmot 4,>43,5<0 prkpksms a ekuoc zmkjftm `atajyst dkr usm fo ajbyjatfko, traosajbyjatfko kr fskhmrfzatfko kd arkhatf` arkhatf` nycrk`arekos. Pyotnmtf` zmkjftms arm okrhajjy okrhajjy prmparmc ey tnm `rystajjfzatfko kd zmkjftms drkh a supmrsaturatmc syotnmsfs syotnmsfs hfxturm. Snm rmsujtfog `rystajjfom prkcu`t fs tnmo crfmc aoc `aj`fomc `aj`fom c tk prkcu`m a zmkjftm pkwcmr. Ajtnkugn tnm zmkjftm pkwcmr nas gkkc acskrptfvm prkpmrtfms, fts pra`tf`aj appjf`atfkos arm smvmrmjy jfhftmc em`ausm ft fs cfddf`ujt tk kpmratm dfxmc emcs wftn zmkjftm pkwcmr. Snmrmdkrm, prfkr tk tk usfog tnm pkwcmr fo `khhmr`faj prk`mssms, tnm zmkjftm `rystajs arm usuajjy ekuoc. Snfs fs typf`ajjy ckom ey dkrhfog a zmkjftm aggrmgatm su`n as a pfjj, pfjj, spnmrm, kr mxtrucatm. Snm mxtrucatm fs usuajjy dkrhmc ey mxtrucfog tnm zmkjftm fo tnm prmsmo`m kd a oko-zmkjftf` efocmr aoc cryfog aoc `aj`fofog tnm rmsujtfog mxtrucatm. Snm efocmr hatmrfajs usmc arm rmsfstaot tk tnm tmhpmraturms aoc ktnmr `kocftfkos (m.g., hm`naof`aj attrftfko) wnf`n k``ur fo varfkus nycrk`areko `kovmrsfko prk`mssms. Mxahpjms kd efocmr hatmrfajs fo`jucm ahkrpnkus hatmrfajs su`n as ajuhfoa, sfjf`a, tftaofa aoc varfkus typms kd `jays. Snm pmrdkrhao`m kd tnm zmkjftm `atajyst (m.g., a`tfvfty, smjm`tfvfty, a`tfvfty hafotmoao`m, kr `khefoatfkos tnmrmkd), `ao em rmcu`mc em`ausm kd tnm efocmr. Dkr mxahpjm, sfo`m tnm efocmr fs typf`ajjy prmsmot fo ao ahkuot kd up tk aekut =< wmfgnt pmr`mot kd tnm zmkjftm, tnm efocmr cfjutms tnm acskrptfko prkpmrtfms kd tnm zmkjftm aggrmgatm aoc hay ejk`b a``mss tk tnm pkrms kd tnm zmkjftm, tnus, sjkwfog sjkwfog tnm ratm kd hass traosdmr aoc tnm mddm`tfvmomss. Dfoajjy tnm efocmr hay addm`t tnm `nmhf`aj rma`tfkos tnat arm tabfog pja`m kr hay hay `atajyzm uocmsfraejm rma`tfkos. Snm ekuoc zmkjftm `atajyst kd tnfs patmot p atmot `khprfsms `rystajs kd a jargm pkrm dfrst zmkjftm aoc a efocmr `khprfsfog shajjmr shajjmr `rystajs kd a sm`koc zmkjftm. Snfs prkvfcms a hmaos kd `kotrkjjfog `kotrkjjfog uocmsfraejm rma`tfkos tabfog pja`m fo kr omar tnm mxtmroaj surda`m kd tnm dfrst zmkjftm `rystajs aoc `ao fhprkvm tnm hass traosdmr kd rma`taots ey prkvfcfog a``mss tk aoc drkh tnm pkrms kd tnm dfrst zmkjftm. Fo accftfko, tnm sm`koc zmkjftm efocfog `rystajs `ao navm `atajyst a`tfvfty. a`tfvfty. Snm patmot mxahpjms snkw a nfgnmr a`tfvfty aoc nfgnmr xyjmom smjm`tfvfty tnao ao ajuhfoa ekuoc hkrcmoftm `atajyst. ].P. patmot appjf`atfko 5<<4/<1361<3 ey Hknr mt aj kd MxxkoHkefj cms`rfems a prk`mss dkr hmtnyjatfog emozmom, tkjumom, kr ektn prmsmot fo tnm rmdkrhatm tk prkcu`m a prkcu`t navfog a nfgnmr xyjmoms `kotmot tnao tnm rmdkrhatm. rmdkrhatm. Fo tnfs `asm a hmtnyjatfko hmtnyjatfko uoft fs jk`atmc fosfcm tnm rmdkrhfog jkkp wftn rmdkrhatm hmtnyjatfko hmtnyjatfko `arrfmc kut wftnkut fotmrstagm smparatfko. smparatfko. Fo `kovmotfkoaj arkhatf`s da`fjftfms, tnm rmdkrhatm fs usuajjy dfrst smparatmc drkh tnm ktnmr nycrk`arekos prmsmot fo tnm rmdkrhatm ey dra`tfkoatfko dra`tfkoatfko aoc mxtra`tfko. Hmtnaokj fs tnm prmdmrrmc hmtnyjatfog agmot. Skjumom prmsmot fo tnm rmdkrhatm rmdkrhatm fs hmtnyjatmc tk tk dkrh dkrh xyjmoms. Emozmom prmsmot fo tnm rmdkrhatm `ao em hmtnyjatmc tk dkrh tkjumom, wnf`n fo turo `ao em hmtnyjatmc tk dkrh xyjmoms. Cmpmocfog ko tnm `khpksftfko kd tnm rmdkrhatm, rmdkrhatm, ktnmr rma`tfkos hay ajsk k``ur (m.g., mtnyjemozmom `ao em hmtnyjatmc tk dkrh para-mtnyj-hmtnyjemozmom kr cmajbyjatmc tk dkrh
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
77
Pm`tfko 0
Cmvmjkpfog Sm`nokjkgfms
emozmom). Fo accftfko tnm ahkuot kd para-xyjmom prkcu`mc fo tnm patmot mxahpjms was grmatmr tnao mqufjferfuh.
0.0.=
Dfoa Sm`nokj Sm`nokj kgy Fo`.
Dfoa nas emmo awarcmc a ouhemr kd patmots cmajfog wftn tkjumom cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko aoc traosajbyjatfko kd nmavy arkhatf`s.
0.0.4
].P. patmots 4,=<3,<74 aoc 4,>34,643 prkvfcm a hmtnkc dkr `kovmrsfko kd nmavy ajbyjarkhatf` `khpkuocs, partf`ujarjy tnksm fo tnm @>-@15 raogm, fotk hkrm vajuaejm arkhatf`s (ES^) utfjfzfog a tkjumom cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko (SC\) uoft `kotafofog a of`bmj, pajjacfuh kr pjatfouh-hkcfdfmc hkrcmoftm `atajyst. Snfs fovmotfko ajjkws a jargm ahkuot kd nmavy ajbyjarkhatf` `khpkuocs tk em prk`mssmc wftnkut acvmrsmjy addm`tfog tnm `atajyst a`tfvfty a`tfvfty kr `atajyst `atajyst jfdm. Snm dmmc `ao em a hfx kd tkjumom aoc nmavy arkhatf`s kr nmavy arkhatf`s ajkom. ].P. patmot 4,7<4,607 kddmrs a hmtaj hkcfdfmc zmkjftm zmkjftm traosajbyjatfko traosajbyjatfko `atajyst. Snm tmhpmraturm fs prkgrmssfvmjy fo`rmasmc wnfjm `kotfoufog tnm kpmratfko kd tnm traosajbyjatfko zkom tk hafotafo a `kocftfko kd `kostaot rma`tfko smvmrfty. ].P. patmot 4,><0,360 prmsmots a `atajyst (of`bmj-prkhktmc hkrcmoftm) aoc a prk`mss dkr tnm cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko kd jmss tnao purm tkjumom (><-6< pmr`mot purm), tnm rmst emfog @4-@> oko-arkhatf`s. Snm oko-arkhatf`s arm `ra`bmc tk J\G fo tnm prk`mss. @atajyst a`tfvfty a`tfvfty was snkwo tk em monao`mc ey fo`rmasfog tnm tmhpmraturm, rma`tkr prmssurm, tnm nycrkgmo tk kfj ratfk aoc ey cm`rmasfog tnm spa`m vmjk`fty. Ey apprkprfatm aciusthmot kd tnmsm da`tkrs, a dmmcstk`b navfog a cfjutmc tkjumom `kotmot `ao em mhpjkymc tk mddm`tfvmjy cfsprkpkrtfkoatm tnm tkjumom tk emozmom aoc xyjmoms a``khpaofmc ey `ra`bfog kd tnm suestaotfaj oko-arkhatf` `kotmot kd tnm dmmc tk prkcu`m jkwmr hkjm`ujar wmfgnt nycrk`arekos. ].P. patmot 4,>67,034 prkvfcms a prk`mss dkr tnm traosajbyjatfko kd pkjyajbyjatmc arkhatf` `khpkuocs kvmr a nfgn pkrksfty zmkjftm-V hkjm`ujar sfmvm navfog a surda`m kd ok hkrm tnao =<< h5/g.
Fostftut Drao`afs Cu\mtrkjm (FD\) (FD\)
].P. patmot 4,>43,3<< awarcmc tk FD\ usms a `atajyst wnf`n `kotafos at jmast kom zmkjftm wftn stru`turm typm OMP, prmdmraejy O]->7, `khprfsfog sfjf`ko aoc at jmast kom mjmhmot S smjm`tmc drkh tnm grkup dkrhmc ey ajuhfouh, frko, gajjfuh aoc ekrko. \rmdmraejy, mjmhmot S nas emmo mxtra`tmc sk tnat tnm kvmrajj Pf/S atkhf` ratfk fs hkrm hkrm tnao 5<. Snfs zmkjftm fs at jmast jmast partfajjy fo fts a`fc dkrh. Snm efocmr fs prmdmraejy ajuhfoa. Snm `atajyst ajsk `kotafos at jmast kom hmtaj smjm`tmc drkh tnm grkup dkrhmc ey grkup TFFE, grkup TFE aoc frfcfuh, prmdmraejy rnmofuh. Dfoajjy, tnm `atajyst kptfkoajjy ajsk `kotafos at jmast kom hmtaj smjm`tmc drkh tnm grkup dkrhmc ey mjmhmots drkh grkups FFF aoc FT kd tnm pmrfkcf` taejm, prmdmraejy focfuh kr tfo. Snm pmrdkrhao`m kd tnm `atajyst kd tnfs fovmotfko easmc ko rnmofuh was suestaotfajjy fhprkvmc kvmr tnat kd prfkr art (of`bmj-easmc `atajyst). Ft was partf`ujarjy a`tfvm wftn a nfgnmr kvmrajj `kovmrsfko dkr najd as hu`n hmtaj. Durtnmr tnm emozmom pjus xyjmom yfmjc fo`rmasmc aoc tnm jkwmr mtnyjemozmom yfmjc Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
7>
Pm`tfko 0
Cmvmjkpfog Sm`nokjkgfms
da`fjftatmc para-xyjmom smparatfko. Dfoajjy tnm yfmjc kd jfgnt `khpkuocs (@1-@3) fo`rmasmc tk tnm cmtrfhmot kd tnm nmavy `khpkuoc yfmjc wnf`n davkrs tnm staefjfty kd tnm `atajyst aoc was cum tk tnm cmajbyjatfog prkpmrtfms kd tnfs okvmj `atajyst. Fo ].P. patmot 4,4<=,=44, FD\ nas cfs`kvmrmc a `atajyst wftn suestaotfajjy fhprkvmc prkpmrtfms wftn rmspm`t tk prmvfkus rmdkrhfog `atajyst. Snfs okvmj suppkrtmc efhmtajjf` efhmtajjf` `atajyst `khprfsms a grkup TFFF hmtaj su`n as pjatfouh kr tfo, a pkrtfko kd wnf`n fotmra`ts strkogjy wftn tnm grkup TFFF hmtaj wftn tnm `atajyst fo fo tnm rmcu`mc statm. Fo partf`ujar ft fs oktmc oktmc tnat tnm prmsmo`m kd a jargm quaotfty (grmatmr tnao 1< pmr`mot) kd a rmcu`mc tfo spm`fms wftn kxfcatfko statm < aoc `jksmjy assk`fatmc wftn a grkup TFFF hmtaj fo a efhmtajjf` `atajyst tnat fs partfajjy kxfcfzmc (ey kxfcatfko `arrfmc kut uocmr pmrdm`tjy `kotrkjjmc `kocftfkos wftn cfs`kotfoukus foim`tfko kd kxygmo), rmvmajs a strkog fotmra`tfko fo tnm rmcu`mc statm kd tnm `atajyst emtwmmo tnm grkup TFFF hmtaj aoc at jmast a dra`tfko kd tnm tfo, guaraotmmfog a emomdf`faj efhmtajjf` mddm`t ko tnm pmrdkrhao`m kd tnm nycrk`areko traosdkrhatfko uofts, su`n as `atajyst rmdkrhfog uofts, fo tmrhs kd a`tfvfty aoc staefjfty. Emttmr a`tfvfty aoc emttmr staefjfty fo`rmasm tnm arkhatf`s arkhatf`s yfmjc, tnm targmt prkcu`ts kd `atajytf` rmdkrhfog. Fo tnm `asm kd rmdkrhfog, tnm `atajyst kd tnfs fovmotfko rmsujts fo a emttmr quajfty kd rmdkrhatm navfog a nfgnmr UKO aoc cma`tfvatms hkrm sjkwjy tnao bokw bo kw `atajysts.
0.0.7
PAEF@
Wftn rmspm`t tk tnm @y`jar SH prk`mss (rm. Pm`tfko 5.7.5), PAEF@ nas emmo awarcmc smvmraj patmots (].P. patmots 4,7>3,000, 7,1>4,>71 aoc 7,1>4,>75) dkr fhprkvmhmots tk tnm prk`mss aoc `atajyst. Snm `atajyst fs a `rystajjfom zmkjftm ko wnf`n pjatfouh nas emmo cmpksftmc, spm`fdf`ajjy a pjatfouh `kotafofog ` kotafofog YPH-=. Snm `atajyst cmhkostratms a `krrmjatfko emtwmmo pjatfouh jkacfog aoc smjm`tfvfty tk mtnaom. As tnm pjatfouh jkacfog fs jkwmrmc tnm smjm`tfvfty smjm`tfvfty tk ES^ fs jkwmr as wmjj. Ao acvaotagm tk tnfs `atajyst fs tnat tnat tnm dumj gas prkcu`mc nas a nfgnmr `kotmot kd mtnaom rmjatfvm tk hmtnaom. Wnmrmas a hmtnaom-rf`n dumj dumj gas wkujc prfharfjy em usmc dkr fts nmat vajum, ao mtnaom-rf`n strmah `kujc em usmc as dmmc tk a stmah `ra`bmr adtmr rm`kvmrfog tnm mtnaom.
0.0.>
]K\
]K\ nas cmvmjkpmc a omw dahfjy kd zmkjftms (rm. ].P. patmot 7,<61,06<) fcmotfdfmc as ]YH-> aoc ]YH->NP wnf`n navm uofqum x-ray cfddra`tfko cfddra`tfko pattmros. Snmsm zmkjftms `ao em usmc fo ajbyjatfko kd arkhatf`s, traosajbyjatfko kd arkhatf`s, fskhmrfzatfko kd arkhatf`s aoc ajbyjatfko kd fskparaddfos. Snm ]YH-> `khpksftfkos arm ajuhfok-sfjf`atms navfog Pf/Aj hkjar ratfk drkh aekut 4.= tk aekut 0=. Ajtnkugn ]YH-> `khpksftfkos navm skhm skhm sfhfjarftfms sfhfjarftfms tk a jaymrmc hatmrfaj fcmotfdfmc as H@H-=4, tnmrm arm suddf`fmot cfddmrmo`ms tnat ]YH-> `khpksftfkos arm stru`turajjy cfddmrmot drkh H@H-=4 hatmrfajs aoc, tnus, arm uofqum omw zmkjftm stru`turms. Snm rmacmr fs rmdmrrmc tk \MU\ rmpkrt <=/<4-P4, Kptfhfzfog Arkhatf`s \rkcu`tfko, dkr a cfs`ussfko aoc aoajysfs kd ]K\‖s patmotmc djkw s`nmhm dkr tnm prkcu`tfko kd arkhatf`s (rm. ].P. patmots 4,73<,7>>, 7,146,04>, aoc 7,176,303). 7,176,3 03).
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
76
Pm`tfko Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
3.1
EAPFP
3.1.1
\rf`fog Easfs
Snm prf`fog easfs dkr tnm m`kokhf`s aoajysfs tnat dkjjkws fs suhharfzmc fo Saejm 3.1 dkr tnm ]PG@ dkurtn quartmr 5<<4.
Saejm 3.1 \rf`m aoc aoc ]tfjfty Easfs (]PG@, dkurtn quartmr 5<<4)
Dmmcstk`b/Eyprkcu`ts Oapntna J\G @=-@4 \rkpaom Eutaoms Uaddfoatm (Ez mxtra`tfko) mxtra`tfko) Umdkrhatm Umdkrhatm \yrkjysfs gaskjfom Nycrkgmo (rmdkr (rmdkrhmr hmr gracm) Emozmom Skjumom, `kotra`t vajum Skjumom, hkgas hkgas vajum Hfxmc xyjmoms, `kotra`t vajum Hfxmc xyjmoms, hkgas vajum @6 Arkhatf`s Arkhatf`s ]tfjftfms \kwmr, pur`nasmc @kkjfog @kkjfog watmr J\ Ptmah H\ Ptmah N\ Ptmah Ekfjmr Ekfjmr Dmmc Watmr Fomrt Fomrt Gas Dumj Haopkwmr Kpmratkrs Kpmratkrs Dkrmhmo Pupmrvfskr Pupmrvfskr
]ofts
$/]oft
Gajjko Gajjko Gajjko Gajjko Gajjko Gajjko Gajjko Gajjko Gajjko Gajjko Gajjko Snkusaoc P@D Gajjko Gajjko Gajjko Gajjko Gajjko Gajjko Gajjko Gajjko
1.043 1.<10 1.050 <.6=< 1.15< 1.050 1.>4< 1.>1< 0.0>0 0.4=0 5.=11 5.<>7 5.=7< 5.1=1 5.550
bWn bWn Snkusaoc Gaj Snkusaoc Je Snkusaoc Je Snkusaoc Je Snkusaoc Gaj Snkusaoc P@D Hfjjfko Hfjjfko Etu
<.<=6 <.1<> 1<.136 1<.01< 11.455 1.6=4 1.7<4 4.304
$/Vmar $/Vmar $/Vmar
33,4>1 =<,714 41,166
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
><
Pm`tfko 3
3.1.5
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Fovmsthmot Easfs
A prk`mss pjaot `ao em vfmwmc as `kosfstfog `kosfstfog kd twk twk typms kd da`fjftfms. Snm dfrst fs tnm haouda`turfog arma, `kotafofog ajj prk`mss mqufphmot ommcmc tk `kovmrt tnm raw hatmrfajs fotk tnm prkcu`t. Snm `apftaj `ksts kd tnmsm tnmsm da`fjftfms arm `khhkojy rmdmrrmc rmdmrrmc tk as tnm fosfcm eattmry jfhfts (FPEJ). (FPEJ). Snm sm`koc grkup kd da`fjftfms `kotafos tnm kutsfcm eattmry eattmry jfhfts (KPEJ) kr kddsftms. Snmsm fo`jucm gmomraj utfjftfms (m.g., fostruhmot aoc utfjfty utfjfty afr, oftrkgmo, dfrm watmr, watmr, mt`.), achfofstratfvm eufjcfogs, stmah gmomratfko da`fjftfms, `kkjfog watmr systmh, mjm`trf`aj cfstrfeutfko systmhs, wastm cfspksaj da`fjftfms, mt`. Fo accftfko tk tnm pjaot `apftaj, tnm kwomr usuajjy nas ktnmr `ksts assk`fatmc wftn a prkim`t su`n as a s prkim`t haoagmhmot, start-up, mt`. Dkr ajj tnm `asms `kosfcmrmc, fovmsthmot `ksts assuhm "fostaotaomkus" `kostru`tfko kr fhpjmhmotatfko fo tnm tnm cmsfgoatmc ymar. Snfs fs a sfhpjfdf`atfko sfhpjfdf`atfko em`ausm foftfatfko, cmsfgo, aoc `kostru`tfko `ao tabm smvmraj ymars tk `khpjmtm. Fo krcmr tk uocmrtabm uocmrtabm tnm fostaotaomkus aoajysfs, pnasmc fovmsthmot `ksts aoc assk`fatmc dfoao`faj `nargms arm `koskjfcatmc fotk a sfogjm kvmrajj prkim`t `kst. Snm mjmhmots kd Omxaot @nmhPystmhs `apftaj `kst mstfhatms arm prmsmotmc fo tnm Appmocfx. Ajj fovmsthmots arm dkr tnm ].P. Gujd @kast (]PG@) (]PG@) dkr tnm dkurtn quartmr 5<<4. Snm eufjcup kd tnm fostajjmc (cfrm`t) `kst fs cmvmjkpmc startfog wftn tnm pur`nasmc mqufphmot `kst aoc usfog nfstkrf`aj da`tkrs tk mstfhatm tnm eujb mqufphmot `ksts (pfpfog, mjm`trf`aj, fostruhmotatfko aoc `khhuof`atfko, pafot aoc fosujatfko, `fvfj aoc stru`turaj), as wmjj as jaekr. Snm focfrm`t `ksts arm accmc ajsk usfog nfstkrf`aj da`tkrs. Snmsm fo`jucm prkratmaejm `ksts (drfogm emomdfts2 eurcmos2 fosurao`m), dfmjc mxpmosms (`kosuhaejms2 shajj tkkjs2 mqufphmot rmotaj2 dfmjc smrvf`ms2 tmhpkrary `kostru`tfko da`fjftfms2 dfmjc `kostru`tfko supmrvfskr) aoc nkhm kddf`m `ksts pjus dmms (mogfommrfog (mogfom mrfog pjus fo`fcmotajs2 pur`nasfog2 `kostru`tfko haoagmhmot). haoagm hmot). Snm suh kd tnm cfrm`t aoc focfrm`t mquajs tnm tktaj fostajjmc `kst `k st (SF@). Wkrbfog `apftaj fs `aj`ujatmc tk rmdjm`t raw hatmrfajs, eyprkcu`ts aoc suppjfms fovmotkrfms, a``kuots rm`mfvaejm, `asn rmqufrmhmots, mt`. wftn `rmcft dkr a``kuots payaejm.
3.1.0
@kst kd \rkcu`tfko Easfs
Jaekr `ksts arm easmc ko typf`aj haopkwmr ratms dkr tnm ]PG@, wnfjm cfrm`t kvmrnmac aoc hafotmoao`m `ksts arm at okrhaj focustry jmvmjs (m.g. 3= pmr`mot kd jaekr `ksts aoc 5-3 pmr`mot kd FPEJ, rmspm`tfvmjy, dkr tnm tnm ]PG@). Hafotmoao`m `ksts ko tnm ]PG@ arm typf`ajjy spjft =<-=< emtwmmo jaekr aoc ao c hatmrfajs. Ktnmr `ksts fo`jucmc fo tnm aoajysfs - gmomraj kvmrnmac, fosurao`m aoc prkpmrty taxms aoc movfrkohmotaj `ksts - arm ajsk easmc ko typf`aj focustry jmvmjs (m.g. 4< pmr`mot kd dfxmc `kst, 1 pmr`mot kd tktaj pjaot `apftaj aoc <.= pmr`mot kd tktaj pjaot `apftaj, rmspm`tfvmjy, dkr tnm ]PG@). Snm cmtafjmc m`kokhf`s aoajysfs wnf`n dkjjkws `ao em smparatmc fotk twk cfs`rmtm `atmgkrfms9
Tarfaejm `ksts - raw hatmrfaj (m.g., oapntna, J\G), fo`jucfog `atajysts aoc `nmhf`ajs2 utfjftfms, su`n as pur`nasmc mjm`trf`fty, `kkjfog watmr, oaturaj gas aoc ekfjmr dmmcwatmr (EDW)2 aoc eyprkcu`ts.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
>1
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Dfxmc `ksts - cfrm`t kpmratfog `ksts, su`n as jaekr, hafotmoao`m, aoc cfrm`t kvmrnmacs2 ajjk`atmc `ksts, su`n as gmomraj pjaot kvmrnmac, fosurao`m, movfrkohmotaj aoc taxms.
]tfjftfms aoc eyprkcu`t `rmcfts arm `kosfcmrmc varfaejm `ksts sfo`m tnmy arm, tk a jargm mxtmot, cmpmocmot ko tnm pjaot's pjaot's kpmratfog ratm ratm kr ratm ratm kd dumj dumj `kosuhptfko. Dfxmc kpmratfog aoc ajjk`atmc `ksts, as tnmfr tftjm tftjm focf`atms, arm jargmjy focmpmocmot kd tnm kpmratfog ratm. ratm. Snm suh kd varfaejm aoc dfxmc `ksts fs tmrhmc tmrhmc tnm "tktaj `asn `kst kd prkcu`tfko." Snfs fs tnm kut-kd-pk`bmt kut-kd-pk`bmt mxpmosm aoc kwomr fo`urs emdkrm fo`jucfog wkrbfog `apftaj, `apftaj fovmsthmot cmprm`fatfko aoc aoy rmturo ko `apftaj mhpjkymc (UK@M). Cmprm`fatfko fs assuhmc tk tk em 5< ymars dkr KPEJ aoc 1< ymars dkr FPEJ fo`jucfog tnm `apftajfzmc ktnmr prkim`t prkim`t `ksts (K\@). (K\@). Snm rmturo ko `apftaj mhpjkymc (UK@M) fs assuhmc tk em 1< pmr`mot uojmss ktnmrwfsm oktmc. Snm ko-strmah da`tkr da`tkr assuhmc dkr tnfs mvajuatfko fs easmc ko kpmratfog dkr >,<<< nkurs pmr ymar.
3.5
M@KOKHF@P
3.5.1
Fovmsthmot
Snm `apa`ftfms aoc FPEJ fovmsthmot dkr tnm varfkus rmdkrhfog tm`nokjkgfms cfs`ussmc nmrmfo arm prmsmotmc fo Saejm 3.5. @apa`ftfms arm easmc ko a wkrjc s`ajm `apa`fty kd =<< bta. Fovmsthmot fs dkr tnm ]PG@ fo tnm dkurtn dkurtn quartmr kd 5<<4. Snm jkwmst `kst fovmsthmot fovmsthmot skur`m kd rmdkrhatm fs SH SH mftnmr vfa @@U kr UY \jatdkrhfog . Snm nfgnmst `apftaj fovmsthmot pmr tko kd rmdkrhatm rmdkrhatm SH prkcu`t fs dkr tnm @y`jar prk`mss.
Saejm 3.5 @apa`ftfms @apa`ftfms aoc Fovmsthmot (]PG@, dkurtn quartmr 5<<4) Sm`nokjk gy
3.5.5
@apa`fty, bta
FPEJ Fovmsthmot, hfjj fko ]P$
]P$/hmtrf` ]P$/hmtrf` tk o kd rmdkrhatm
@@USH
=<<
4=.=
101
Ar Arkhax®
=<<
75.4
13=
UY \jatdkrhfogSH
=<<
43.0
156
Ajp Ajpn na
=<<
6=.6
165
@y`jar SH
=<<
1=>.0
017
@kst kd \rkcu`tf ko kd Umdkrhatm
Snm `ksts kd prkcu`tfko dkr tnm varfkus tm`nokjkgfms dkr prkcu`fog rmdkrhatm navm emmo cmvmjkpmc at a wkrjc s`ajm pjaot `apa`fty kd =<< bta. Kd tnm dfvm typms kd tm`nokjkgfms rmvfmwmc, rmvfmwmc, wm navm snkwo tnat tnm m`kokhf`s `ao vary wfcmjy. Snfs raogm kd m`kokhf` pmrdkrhao`m fs ® `jmarjy smmo fo Dfgurm 3.1, wnmrm ajj dfvm prk`mssms arm vfmwmc ko a sfcm-ey-sfcm easfs. Arkhax SH fs tnm jkw `kst prk`mss wnf`n fs `kosfstmot wftn prmvfkus \MU\ rmpkrts (<5/<0-=). @@U aoc SH SH UY \jatdkrhfog navm mssmotfajjy tnm sahm jkw jkw `kst kd prkcu`tfko. @y`jar fs tnm nfgnmst `kst rkutm tk rmdkrhatm, wnf`n `kodfrhs tnm rmsujts drkh Omxaot‖s prmvfkus \MU\ rmpkrt (<5/<0-=).
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
>5
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Fd a 0< pmr`mot cfs`kuot fs appjfmc tk tnm J\G dmmcstk`b prf`m (prf`fog kom hfgnt dfoc fo tnm Hfccjm Mast), tnm @y`jar SH m`kokhf`s arm `khpmtftfvm wftn tnm jkw `kst tm`nokjkgfms. Snm focfvfcuaj prk`mss `ksts arm cfs`ussmc fo tnm sm`tfkos wnf`n dkjjkw aoc tnm smosftfvftfms kd tnmsm m`kokhf`s arm oktmc fo Pm`tfko 3.5.3. Dfgur m 3.1 Umdkrhatm Umdkrhatm @kst kd \rkcu`tf ko (=<< bta, ]PG@, dkurtn quartmr 5<<4) 0.<< 5.=< o k 5.<< j j a G r m \1.=< s r a j j k 1.<< C
<.=< <.<< AUKHA^
@@U
UY
AJ\NA
@V@JAU
\JASDKUHFOG OMS UAWHASMUFAJP AJ AJJK@ASMC DF^ DF^MC @KPSP
]SFJFSFMP
CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP
CM\UM@FASFKO
UK@M
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31 <1.<<<7.31<4[`nar <4[`nar ts.xjs
SH 3.5.5.1 @@U Umdkrhfog
Snm `kst kd prkcu`tfko mstfhatm dkr prkcu`fog rmdkrhatm drkh oapntna fo a =<< tnkusaoc hmtrf` tko pmr ymar @@U SH uoft fs snkwo fo Saejm 3.0. Omt raw hatmrfajs arm mstfhatmc tk em $1.36 pmr gajjko ($36= pmr hmtrf` tko). ]tfjfty `ksts acc >.6 `mots pmr gajjko ($0< pmr hmtrf` tko) erfogfog tnm varfaejm `kst tk $1.=> pmr gajjko ($=5= pmr hmtrf` hmtrf` tko). Adtmr accfog fo tnm dfxmc `ksts, tnm tktaj `asn `kst fs mstfhatmc tk em $1.40 pmr gajjko ($=35 pmr hmtrf` tko). Cmprm`fatfko kd 1< pmr`mot kd FPEJ, = pmr`mot kd KPEJ aoc ktnmr prkim`t `ksts accs aoktnmr 4.0 `mots pmr gajjko ($51 pmr hmtrf` tko) tk tnm `kst kd prkcu`tfko. Umturo ko tktaj `apftaj mhpjkymc kd 1< pmr`mot accs 6.3 `mots pmr gajjko ($01 pmr hmtrf` hmtrf` tko). Snm dfoaj `kst kd prkcu`tfko fo`jucfog fo`jucfog rmturo ko fovmsthmot fs mstfhatmc tk em $1.76 pmr gajjko ($=63 pmr hmtrf` tko).
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
>0
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Saejm 3.0 @kst kd \rkcu`tfk o Mstfhatm dkr9 Umdkrhatm \rk`mss9 @kotfoukus @atajyst Umgmomratfko Umgmomratfko Umdkrhmr Umdkrhmr (fo`jucms Nycrktrmatmr) \jaot start-up Aoajysfs catm Jk`atfko @apa`fty
3Q5<<4 ]PG@ 144 =<< 1<< 144
Kpmratfog ratm Snrkugnput Snrkugnput
@A\FSAJ @KPS FPEJ KPEJ Sk Sk t aj \jao t @ap f t aj Ktnmr \rkim`t @ksts Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t Wkrbfog `apftaj Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t
Hf Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr Snkusaoc Snkusaoc hmtrf` hmtrf` tkos/yr tkos/yr pmr`mot Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr gajjkos/yr ]OFSP \mr Gaj \r k c u ` t
\UKC]@SFKO @KPS P]HHAUV UAW HASMUFAJP
Oapntna gajjkos @atajyst & @nmhf`ajs SKSAJ UAW HASMUFAJ P EV-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP Dumj Gas HH Etu J\G gajjkos Nycrkgmo - rmdkrhmr gracm bP@D SKSAJ E V-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P ]SFJFSFMP \kwmr bwn @kkjfog W atmr H Gaj Oaturaj Gas HH Etu Ptmah, N\ H Jes Ptmah, J\ H Jes Ekfjmr Dmmcwatmr H Gaj SKSAJ ]SFJ FSFMP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P & ]SFJ FSFMP
\UF@M ].P. $ /]o f t
1.54>3 1.<<<<
1.043< <.<<5<
(<.<<<>) (<.<777) (<.<3=7)
4.30=6 1.<03> 0.0>00
<.1><< <.<1<0 <.<114 <.<<<1 <.<<<< <.<<<3
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TAUFAE J M @KPS CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP
Jaekr, 0< Hmo 33.4> Dkrmhmo, = Hmo =<.75 Pupmr., 1 Hmo 41.5< Hafot., Hatmrfaj & Jaekr 0 Cfrm`t Kvmrnmac 3= SKSAJ CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP AJJ K@ASMC DF^MC DF^MC @KPSP Gmomraj \jaot Kvmrnmac 4< Fosurao`m, \rkpmrty Sax 1 Movfrkohmotaj <.= SKSAJ AJ J K@ASMC DF^MC @KPSP SKSAJ @APN @KPS Cmprm`fatfko L
1< % dkr FPEJ & K\@
Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Snkusaoc ].P. $ % kd FPEJ % Jaekr & Pupmrvfsfko % Cfrm`t Dfxmc @ksts % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj
= % dkr KPEJ
@KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO UMS]UO KO SKSAJ @A\FSAJ FOTMPSHMOS (Fo`j. W@) L @KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO + UKF
1< \m \ mr`mot
HFJ J FKO ].P. $ 4=.= 56.> 6=.0 50.> 116.1 07.= 1=4.4
].P. $ \mr Gaj
AOO]AJ @KPS HH ].P. $
].P. $ \mr HS
1.70< <.<<5 1.705 (<.<<=) (<.<><) (<.1=3) (<.53<) 1.365 <.<11 <.<<1 <.<7= <.<<5 <.<<< <.<<1 <.<>6 1.=>1
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1.=>1
545.37
=5=
<.<<> <.<<5 <.<<< <.<15 <.<<3 <.<54 <.<14 <.<<4 <.<<0 <.<53 1.405
1.03 <.5= <.<4 1.67 <.73 3.07 5.45 <.6= <.3> 3.<= 57<.>>
6
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51
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01
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564.67
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=7=
(=0<) 36=
0< =5=
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[@K\-taejms.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
>3
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
SH 3.5.5.5 UY \jatdkrhfog \jatdkr hfog
Snm `kst kd prkcu`tfko mstfhatm dkr prkcu`fog rmdkrhatm vfa UY \jatdkrhfogSH wftn a `apa`fty kd =<< tnkusaoc hmtrf` tko pmr ymar fs snkwo fo Saejm 3.3. Omt raw hatmrfajs arm mstfhatmc tk em $1.=5 pmr gajjko ($=<4 pmr hmtrf` tko). ]tfjfty `ksts acc =.4 `mots pmr gajjko ($16 pmr hmtrf` tko) erfogfog tnm varfaejm `kst tk $1.=> pmr gajjko ($=5= pmr hmtrf` tko). Adtmr accfog fo tnm dfxmc `ksts, tnm tktaj `asn `kst fs mstfhatmc mstfhatmc tk em $1.40 pmr gajjko ($=35 pmr hmtrf` tko). Cmprm`fatfko kd 1< pmr`mot kd FPEJ, = pmr`mot kd KPEJ, aoc ktnmr prkim`t `ksts accs aoktnmr 4.0 `mots pmr gajjko ($51 pmr hmtrf` tko) tk tnm `kst kd prkcu`tfko. Umturo ko tktaj `apftaj mhpjkymc kd 1< pmr`mot accs 6.= `mots pmr gajjko ($01 pmr hmtrf` tko). Snm dfoaj `kst kd prkcu`tfko fo`jucfog rmturo ko fovmsthmot fs mstfhatmc tk em $1.76 pmr gajjko ($=63 pmr hmtrf` tko). SH 3.5.5.0 @y`jar
Snm `kst kd prkcu`tfko mstfhatm dkr prkcu`fog rmdkrhatm drkh J\G usfog ]K\‖s @y`jar SH tm`nokjkgy fo a =<< tnkusaoc hmtrf` hmtrf` tko pmr ymar uoft fs snkwo fo Saejm 3.=. Omt raw hatmrfajs arm mstfhatmc tk em $1.64 pmr gajjko ($4=5 pmr hmtrf` tko). ]tfjfty `ksts acc 5>.7 `mots pmr gajjko ($6= pmr hmtrf` tko) erfogfog tnm varfaejm `kst tk $5.5= pmr gajjko ($73> pmr hmtrf` tko). Adtmr accfog fo tnm dfxmc `ksts, tnm tktaj `asn `kst fs mstfhatmc tk em $5.03 pmr gajjko ($77> pmr hmtrf` tko). Cmprm`fatfko kd 1< pmr`mot pmr`mot kd FPEJ, = pmr`mot kd KPEJ, aoc ktnmr prkim`t `ksts accs aoktnmr 1=.= `mots pmr gajjko ($=1 pmr hmtrf` tko) tk tnm `kst kd prkcu`tfko. Umturo ko tktaj `apftaj mhpjkymc kd 1< pmr`mot accs 51.0 `mots pmr gajjko ($71 pmr hmtrf` hmtrf` tko). Snm dfoaj `kst kd prkcu`tfko fo`jucfog rmturo ko fovmsthmot fs mstfhatmc tk em $5.71 pmr gajjko ($6<< pmr hmtrf` tko). ®
3.5.5.3 Arkhax
Snm `kst kd prkcu`tfko mstfhatm dkr prkcu`fog rmdkrhatm vfa Arkhax® mhpjkyfog a uoft wftn a `apa`fty kd =<< tnkusaoc hmtrf` tko pmr ymar fs snkwo fo Saejm 3.4. Omt raw hatmrfajs arm mstfhatmc tk em $1.0< pmr gajjko ($305 pmr hmtrf` tko). ]tfjfty `ksts acc 14.0 `mots pmr gajjko ($=3 pmr hmtrf` tko) erfogfog tnm varfaejm `kst tk $1.34 pmr gajjko ($3>4 pmr hmtrf` tko). Adtmr accfog fo tnm dfxmc `ksts, tnm tktaj `asn `kst fs mstfhatmc tk em $1.=5 pmr gajjko ($=<3 pmr hmtrf` tko). Cmprm`fatfko kd 1< pmr`mot pmr`mot kd FPEJ, = pmr`mot kd KPEJ, aoc ktnmr prkim`t `ksts accs aoktnmr 7.1 `mots pmr gajjko ($53 pmr hmtrf` tko) tk tnm `kst kd prkcu`tfko. Umturo ko tktaj `apftaj mhpjkymc kd 1< pmr`mot accs 1<.4 `mots pmr gajjko ($0= pmr hmtrf` hmtrf` tko). Snm dfoaj `kst kd prkcu`tfko fo`jucfog rmturo ko fovmsthmot fs mstfhatmc tk em $1.7< pmr gajjko ($=40 pmr hmtrf` tko).
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
>=
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Saejm 3.3 @kst kd \rkcu`tfk o Mstfhatm dkr9 Umdkrhatm \rk`mss9 UY \jatdkrhfog SH \jaot start-up Aoajysfs catm Jk`atfko @apa`fty
3Q5<<4 ]PG@ 144 =<< 1<< 144
Kpmratfog ratm Snrkugnput Snrkugnput
@A\FSAJ @KPS FPEJ KPEJ Sk Sk t aj \jao t @ap f t aj Ktnmr \rkim`t @ksts Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t Wkrbfog `apftaj Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t
Hf Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr Snkusaoc Snkusaoc hmtrf` hmtrf` tkos/yr tkos/yr pmr`mot Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr gajjkos/yr ]OFSP \mr Gaj \r k c u ` t
\UKC]@SFKO @KPS P]HHAUV UAW HASMUFAJP
Oapntna gajjkos Uaddfoatm (Ez mxtra`tfko) gajjkos @atajyst & @nmhf`ajs SKSAJ UAW HASMUFAJ P EV-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP Dumj Gas HH Etu Nycrkgmo - rmdkrhmr gracm bP@D SKSAJ E V-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P ]SFJFSFMP \kwmr bwn @kkjfog W atmr H Gaj Oaturaj Gas HH Etu Ptmah, N\ H Jes SKSAJ ]SFJ FSFMP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P & ]SFJ FSFMP
\UF@M ].P. $ /]o f t
1.1156 <.1=06 1.<<<<
1.043< 1.0500 <.<1=3
(<.<<05) (<.<=4=)
4.30=6 0.0>00
<.<317 <.<=>6 <.<<15 <.1<>< <.<15= 4.30=6 (<.<<50) 11.455<
TAUFAE J M @KPS CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP
Jaekr, 0< Hmo 33.4> Dkrmhmo, = Hmo =<.75 Pupmr., 1 Hmo 41.5< Hafot., Hatmrfaj & Jaekr 0 Cfrm`t Kvmrnmac 3= SKSAJ CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP AJJ K@ASMC DF^MC DF^MC @KPSP Gmomraj \jaot Kvmrnmac 4< Fosurao`m, \rkpmrty Sax 1 Movfrkohmotaj <.= SKSAJ AJ J K@ASMC DF^MC @KPSP SKSAJ @APN @KPS Cmprm`fatfko L
1< % dkr FPEJ & K\@
Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Snkusaoc ].P. $ % kd FPEJ % Jaekr & Pupmrvfsfko % Cfrm`t Dfxmc @ksts % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj
= % dkr KPEJ
@KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO UMS]UO KO SKSAJ @A\FSAJ FOTMPSHMOS (Fo`j. W@) L @KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO + UKF
1< \m \ mr`mot
HFJ J FKO ].P. $ 43.0 00.1 67.3 53.0 151.7 0=.3 1=7.5
].P. $ \mr Gaj
AOO]AJ @KPS HH ].P. $
].P. $ \mr HS
1.=1> <.5<3 <.<1= 1.707 (<.<5<) (<.161) (<.515) 1.=5= <.<<5 <.<<< <.<>1 (<.<57) <.<=4 1.=>5
5=5.<1 00.>1 5.=4 5>>.0> (0.3<) (01.7=) (0=.1=) 5=0.53 <.31 <.<5 10.07 (3.33) 6.04 545.4<
(347) =<4
1.=>5
545.4<
=5=
<.<<> <.<<5 <.<<< <.<15 <.<<3 <.<54 <.<14 <.<<4 <.<<0 <.<53 1.405
1.03 <.5= <.<4 1.60 <.73 3.00 5.4< <.67 <.36 3.<4 57<.6>
6
> =35
<.<40
1<.=5
51
1.464
5>1.=<
=40
<.<6=
1=.75
01
1.76<
567.55
=63
=77
16 =5=
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[@K\-taejms.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
>4
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Saejm 3.= @kst kd \rkcu`tfk o Mstfhatm dkr9 Umdkrhatm \rk`mss9 @y`jar SH \jaot start-up Aoajysfs catm Jk`atfko @apa`fty
3Q5<<4 ]PG@ 144 =<< 1<< 144
Kpmratfog ratm Snrkugnput Snrkugnput
@A\FSAJ @KPS FPEJ KPEJ Sk Sk t aj \jao t @ap f t aj Ktnmr \rkim`t @ksts Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t Wkrbfog `apftaj Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t
Hf Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr Snkusaoc Snkusaoc hmtrf` hmtrf` tkos/yr tkos/yr pmr`mot Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr gajjkos/yr ]OFSP \mr Gaj \r k c u ` t
\UKC]@SFKO @KPS P]HHAUV UAW HASMUFAJP
\rkpaom gajjkos Eutaom gajjkos @atajyst & @nmhf`ajs SKSAJ UAW HASMUFAJ P EV-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP Dumj Gas HH Etu Nycrkgmo - rmdkrhmr gracm bP@D SKSAJ E V-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P ]SFJFSFMP \kwmr bwn @kkjfog W atmr H Gaj Oaturaj Gas HH Etu Ptmah, N\ H Jes Ptmah, J\ H Jes Ekfjmr Dmmcwatmr H Gaj SKSAJ ]SFJ FSFMP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P & ]SFJ FSFMP
\UF@M ].P. $ /]o f t
1.35>< 1.5404 1.<<<<
<.6364 1.15<3 <.<<43
(<.<446) (<.1100)
4.30=6 0.0>00
<.==7< <.<175 <.<5>0 <.<<41 <.<<<< <.<<<<
<.<=>6 <.1<>< 4.30=6 11.455< 1<.13>> 1.6=4<
TAUFAE J M @KPS CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP
Jaekr, 0< Hmo 33.4> Dkrmhmo, = Hmo =<.75 Pupmr., 1 Hmo 41.5< Hafot., Hatmrfaj & Jaekr 0 Cfrm`t Kvmrnmac 3= SKSAJ CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP AJJ K@ASMC DF^MC DF^MC @KPSP Gmomraj \jaot Kvmrnmac 4< Fosurao`m, \rkpmrty Sax 1 Movfrkohmotaj <.= SKSAJ AJ J K@ASMC DF^MC @KPSP SKSAJ @APN @KPS Cmprm`fatfko L
1< % dkr FPEJ & K\@
Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Snkusaoc ].P. $ % kd FPEJ % Jaekr & Pupmrvfsfko % Cfrm`t Dfxmc @ksts % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj
= % dkr KPEJ
@KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO UMS]UO KO SKSAJ @A\FSAJ FOTMPSHMOS (Fo`j. W@) L @KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO + UKF
1< \m \ mr`mot
HFJ J FKO ].P. $ 1=>.0 76.1 507.3 =6.0 564.7 =4.6 0=0.7
].P. $ \mr Gaj
AOO]AJ @KPS HH ].P. $
].P. $ \mr HS
1.0=4 1.314 <.<<4 5.77> (<.301) (<.0>0) (<.>13) 1.643 <.<00 <.<<5 <.1>5 <.<7< <.<<< <.<<< <.5>7 5.5=5
55=.11 50=.<0 1.<= 341.5< (71.=<) (40.45) (10=.15) 054.<> =.3= <.01 0<.53 11.7< <.<< <.<< 37.7< 070.7>
5.5=5
070.7>
73>
<.<<> <.<<5 <.<<< <.<56 <.<<3 <.<30 <.<54 <.<13 <.<<7 <.<37 5.035
1.03 <.5= <.<4 3.7= <.73 7.1= 3.56 5.07 1.16 7.>= 0>>.7>
13
14 77>
<.1==
5=.75
=1
5.367
313.=<
>56
<.510
0=.07
71
5.71<
336.>4
6<<
655
(1,763) 4=5
6= 73>
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[@K\-taejms.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
>7
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Saejm 3.4 @kst kd \rkcu`tfk o Mstfhatm dkr9 Umdkrhatm ® \rk`mss9 Arkhax \jaot start-up Aoajysfs catm Jk`atfko @apa`fty
3Q5<<4 ]PG@ 144 =<< 1<< 144
Kpmratfog ratm Snrkugnput Snrkugnput
@A\FSAJ @KPS FPEJ KPEJ Sk Sk t aj \jao t @ap f t aj Ktnmr \rkim`t @ksts Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t Wkrbfog `apftaj Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t
Hf Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr Snkusaoc Snkusaoc hmtrf` hmtrf` tkos/yr tkos/yr pmr`mot Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr gajjkos/yr ]OFSP \mr Gaj \r k c u ` t
\UKC]@SFKO @KPS P]HHAUV UAW HASMUFAJP
jt. oapntna gajjkos @atajyst & @nmhf`ajs SKSAJ UAW HASMUFAJ P EV-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP Dumj Gas HH Etu Nycrkgmo - rmdkrhmr gracm bP@D @= gajjkos SKSAJ E V-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P ]SFJFSFMP \kwmr bwn @kkjfog W atmr H Gaj Oaturaj Gas HH Etu Ptmah, N\ H Jes Ptmah, J\ H Jes Ekfjmr Dmmcwatmr H Gaj SKSAJ ]SFJ FSFMP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P & ]SFJ FSFMP
\UF@M ].P. $ /]o f t
1.050< 1.<<<<
1.0500 <.<<43
(<.<130) (<.1<0=) (<.<1<<)
4.30=6 0.0>00 1.0500
<.75<= <.<>73 <.<<55 <.<<=> <.<<56 <.<<<<
<.<=>6 <.1<>< 4.30=6 11.455< 1<.13>> 1.6=4<
TAUFAE J M @KPS CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP
Jaekr, 0< Hmo 33.4> Dkrmhmo, = Hmo =<.75 Pupmr., 1 Hmo 41.5< Hafot., Hatmrfaj & Jaekr 0 Cfrm`t Kvmrnmac 3= SKSAJ CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP AJJ K@ASMC DF^MC DF^MC @KPSP Gmomraj \jaot Kvmrnmac 4< Fosurao`m, \rkpmrty Sax 1 Movfrkohmotaj <.= SKSAJ AJ J K@ASMC DF^MC @KPSP SKSAJ @APN @KPS Cmprm`fatfko L
1< % dkr FPEJ & K\@
Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Snkusaoc ].P. $ % kd FPEJ % Jaekr & Pupmrvfsfko % Cfrm`t Dfxmc @ksts % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj
= % dkr KPEJ
@KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO UMS]UO KO SKSAJ @A\FSAJ FOTMPSHMOS (Fo`j. W@) L @KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO + UKF
1< \m \ mr`mot
HFJ J FKO ].P. $ 75.4 04.0 1<6.< 57.5 104.5 06.7 17=.6
].P. $ \mr Gaj
AOO]AJ @KPS HH ].P. $
].P. $ \mr HS
1.7=1 <.<<4 1.7=7 (<.<65) (<.0=<) (<.<10) (<.3==) 1.0<5 <.<35 <.<<6 <.<13 <.<4> <.<0< <.<<< <.140 1.34=
56<.40 1.<= 561.46 (1=.5>) (=>.10) (5.5<) (7=.45) 514.<7 7.<= 1.=7 5.05 11.57 3.65 <.<< 57.15 530.16
1.34=
530.16
3>4
<.<<> <.<<5 <.<<< <.<10 <.<<3 <.<5> <.<17 <.<<7 <.<<0 <.<54 1.=16
1.03 <.5= <.<4 5.1> <.73 3.=> 5.7= 1.<6 <.=3 3.0> 5=5.1=
6
6 =<3
<.<71
11.><
53
1.=6<
540.64
=5>
<.1<4
17.=6
0=
1.464
5>1.==
=40
=>0
(1,<<3) 305
=3 3>4
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[@K\-taejms.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
>>
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
3.5.5.= Ajpna Ajpn a \rk`mss
Snm `kst kd prkcu`tfko mstfhatm dkr prkcu`fog rmdkrhatm vfa P&W‖s ajpna prk`mss fs snkwo fo Saejm 3.7 dkr a =<< bta uoft. Omt raw hatmrfajs arm mstfhatmc tk em $1>< pmr gajjko ($=64 pmr hmtrf` tko). ]tfjfty `ksts acc 1<.5 `mots pmr gajjko ($03 pmr hmtrf` tko) erfogfog tnm varfaejm `kst tk $16< pmr gajjko ($40< pmr hmtrf` tko). Adtmr accfog fo tnm dfxmc `ksts, tnm tktaj `asn `kst fs mstfhatmc tk em $1.64 pmr gajjko ($4=< pmr hmtrf` hmtrf` tko). Cmprm`fatfko kd 1< pmr`mot kd FPEJ, = pmr`mot kd KPEJ, aoc ktnmr prkim`t `ksts accs aoktnmr >.0 `mots pmr gajjko ($57 pmr pm r hmtrf` tko) tk tnm `kst kd prkcu`tfko. Umturo ko tktaj `apftaj mhpjkymc kd 1< pmr`mot accs 15.5 `mots pmr gajjko ($31 pmr hmtrf` tko). Snm dfoaj `kst kd prkcu`tfko fo`jucfog rmturo ko fovmsthmot fovmsthmot fs mstfhatmc tk em $5.14 pmr gajjko ($71> pmr hmtrf` tko).
3.5.0
@kst kd \rkcu`tf ko kd Emozmom
Snm `ksts kd prkcu`tfko kd emozmom drkh varfkus skur`ms mhpjkyfog cfddmrmot tm`nokjkgfms arm suhharfzmc fo Dfgurm 3.5. Snm `ksts raogm drkh a jkw kd $5.<6 pmr gajjko ($454 pmr hmtrf` hmtrf` tko) dkr smjm`tfvm tkjumom cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko (PSC\) tk a nfgn kd $0.15 pmr gajjko ($603 pmr hmtrf` tko) dkr eujb cmajbyjatfko kd pyrkjysfs gaskjfom.
Dfgur m 3.5 Emozmom @kst kd \rkcu`t fko (003 bta, ]PG@) 0.=< 0.<< 5.=<
o k j a 5.<< G r m \1.=< s r a j k 1.<< C
<.=< <.<< PM(1) PM (5) Umdkrhatm \ygas
MC(5) \ygas
Cmajby \ygas
Jftkj
SNCA
SC\
PSC\
OMS UAWHASMUFAJP
]SFJFSFMP
CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP
AJ AJJK@ASMC DF^M F^MC @KPSP
CM\UM@FASF FASFK KO
UK@M
(1)
Pkjvmot Mxtra`tfko Mxtra`tfvm Cfstfjjatfko
(5)
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nar ts.xj s
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
>6
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Saejm 3.7 @kst kd \rkcu`tfk o Mstfhatm dkr9 Umdkrhatm \rk`mss9 Ajpna
\jaot start-up Aoajysfs catm Jk`atfko @apa`fty
3Q5<<4 ]PG@ 144 =<< 1<< 144
Kpmratfog ratm Snrkugnput Snrkugnput
@A\FSAJ @KPS FPEJ KPEJ Sk Sk t aj \jao t @ap f t aj Ktnmr \rkim`t @ksts Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t Wkrbfog `apftaj Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t
Hf Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr Snkusaoc Snkusaoc hmtrf` hmtrf` tkos/yr tkos/yr pmr`mot Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr gajjkos/yr ]OFSP \mr Gaj \r k c u ` t
\UKC]@SFKO @KPS P]HHAUV UAW HASMUFAJP
@=-@4 gajjkos @atajyst & @nmhf`ajs SKSAJ UAW HASMUFAJ P EV-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP Dumj Gas HH Etu J\G gajjkos Nycrkgmo - rmdkrhmr gracm bP@D SKSAJ E V-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P ]SFJFSFMP \kwmr bwn @kkjfog W atmr H Gaj Oaturaj Gas HH Etu Ptmah, H\ H Jes Fomrt Gas bP@D Umdrfgmratfko HH Etu SKSAJ ]SFJ FSFMP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P & ]SFJ FSFMP
\UF@M ].P. $ /]o f t
1.6667 1.<<<<
1.0500 <.<<43
(<.<5=7) (<.=36>) (<.<067)
4.30=6 1.<103 0.0>00
<.5301 <.1073 <.<<01 <.<<5= <.<<<1 <.<<55
<.<=>6 <.1<>< 4.30=6 1<.0<6= 1.7<== 15.<<<<
TAUFAE J M @KPS CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP
Jaekr, 0< Hmo 33.4> Dkrmhmo, = Hmo =<.75 Pupmr., 1 Hmo 41.5< Hafot., Hatmrfaj & Jaekr 0 Cfrm`t Kvmrnmac 3= SKSAJ CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP AJJ K@ASMC DF^MC DF^MC @KPSP Gmomraj \jaot Kvmrnmac 4< Fosurao`m, \rkpmrty Sax 1 Movfrkohmotaj <.= SKSAJ AJ J K@ASMC DF^MC @KPSP SKSAJ @APN @KPS Cmprm`fatfko L
1< % dkr FPEJ & K\@
Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Snkusaoc ].P. $ % kd FPEJ % Jaekr & Pupmrvfsfko % Cfrm`t Dfxmc @ksts % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj
= % dkr KPEJ
@KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO UMS]UO KO SKSAJ @A\FSAJ FOTMPSHMOS (Fo`j. W@) L @KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO + UKF
1< \m \ mr`mot
HFJ J FKO ].P. $ 6=.6 50.< 11>.6 56.7 13>.4 =3.1 5<5.>
].P. $ \mr Gaj
AOO]AJ @KPS HH ].P. $
].P. $ \mr HS
5.434 <.<<4 5.4=0 (<.144) (<.==7) (<.103) (<.>=7) 1.764 <.<13 <.<1= <.<5< <.<54 <.<<< <.<57 <.1<5 1.>6>
306.56 1.<= 33<.03 (57.3>) (65.36) (55.5>) (135.5=) 56>.<6 5.0> 5.34 0.00 3.00 <.<0 3.3< 14.60 01=.<5
1.>6>
01=.<5
40<
<.<<> <.<<5 <.<<< <.<17 <.<<3 <.<05 <.<16 <.<<7 <.<<3 <.<0< 1.6=6
1.03 <.5= <.<4 5.>> <.73 =.5> 0.17 1.16 <.=6 3.6= 05=.5=
11
1< 4=<
<.<>0
10.71
57
5.<35
00>.64
47>
<.155
5<.5>
31
5.143
0=6.53
71>
>>1
(1,>>6) =64
03 40<
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[@K\-taejms.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
6<
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
3.5.0.1 Emozmom Emozmom drkh drk h Umdkr Umdkrhatm hatm Mxtra`tf ko (Pujd (Pujdkjaom) kjaom) fo`jucf fo`j ucfog og ES^ Cfstfjj Cfstf jjatfko atfko
Snm `kst kd prkcu`tfko mstfhatm dkr prkcu`fog emozmom vfa mxtra`tfko drkh a `kovmotfkoaj rmdkrhatm (f.m., mhpjkyfog tnm Pujdkjaom prk`mss) fs snkwo fo Saejm 3.> dkr a 003 bta (1<< hfjjfko gajjko pmr ymar) uoft. Skjumom aoc hfxmc xyjmoms arm tabmo as eyprkcu`ts aoc prf`mc at tnmfr hkgas ejmocfog vajum. Omt raw hatmrfajs arm mstfhatmc tk em $1.60 pmr gajjko ($=76 pmr hmtrf` tko). ]tfjfty `ksts acc 3<.0 `mots pmr gajjko ($151 pmr hmtrf` tko) erfogfog tnm varfaejm `kst tk $5.03 pmr gajjko ($466 pmr hmtrf` tko). Adtmr accfog fo tnm dfxmc `ksts, `ksts, tnm tktaj `asn `kst fs mstfhatmc tk em $5.33 pmr gajjko ($70< pmr hmtrf` tko). Cmprm`fatfko kd 1< pmr`mot kd FPEJ, = pmr`mot kd KPEJ, aoc ktnmr prkim`t `ksts accs aoktnmr 1>.= 1 >.= `mots pmr gajjko ($== pmr hmtrf` tko) tk tnm `kst kd prkcu`tfko. Umturo ko tktaj `apftaj mhpjkymc kd 1< pmr`mot accs 0>.5 `mots pmr gajjko ($113 pmr hmtrf` hmtrf` tko). Snm dfoaj `kst kd prkcu`tfko fo`jucfog rmturo ko fovmsthmot fovmsthmot fs mstfhatmc tk em $0.<< pmr gajjko ($>66 pmr hmtrf` tko). 3.5.0.5 Emozmom Emozmom Um`kvmry Um`kvmry drkh dr kh \ygas
Snm `kst kd prkcu`tfko dkr emozmom rm`kvmrmc drkh a typf`aj pygas nas emmo aoajyzmc fo varfkus ways. Snmsm tm`nokjkgfms fo`jucmc jfqufc/jfqufc (skjvmot) mxtra`tfko (JJM), mxtra`tfvm cfstfjjatfko (MC), aoc eujb cmajbyjatfko kd pygas. Dkr `khparfsko purpksms tnm sahm sahm sfzm pjaot was usmc dkr ma`n kd tnm tnrmm tm`nokjkgfms9 003 bta (1<< hfjjfko gajjko pmr ymar). Pkjvmot Mxtra`tfko (JJM) kd \ygas Snm `kst kd prkcu`tfko mstfhatm dkr prkcu`fog emozmom vfa skjvmot mxtra`tfko (JJM) kd pygas fs snkwo fo Saejm 3.6. Omt raw hatmrfajs arm mstfhatmc tk em $1.=0 pmr gajjko ($3=7 pmr hmtrf` tko). ]tfjfty `ksts acc 54.5 `mots pmr gajjko ($76 pmr hmtrf` tko) erfogfog tnm varfaejm `kst tk $1.76 pmr gajjko ($=04 pmr hmtrf` tko). Adtmr accfog fo tnm dfxmc `ksts, `ksts, tnm tktaj `asn `kst fs mstfhatmc tk em $1.>= pmr gajjko ($==3 pmr hmtrf` tko). Cmprm`fatfko kd 1< pmr`mot kd FPEJ, = pmr`mot kd KPEJ, aoc ktnmr prkim`t `ksts accs aoktnmr 6.> `mots pmr gajjko ($56 pmr pm r hmtrf` tko) tk tnm `kst kd prkcu`tfko. Umturo ko tktaj `apftaj mhpjkymc kd 1< pmr`mot accs 17.= `mots pmr gajjko ($=0 pmr hmtrf` tko). Snm dfoaj `kst kd prkcu`tfko fo`jucfog rmturo ko fovmsthmot fovmsthmot fs mstfhatmc tk em $5.15 pmr gajjko ($404 pmr hmtrf` tko).
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
61
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Saejm 3.> @kst kd \rkcu`tfk o Mstfhatm dkr9 Emozmom \rk`mss9 Umdkrhatm Mxtra`tfko (Pujdkjaom) pjus ES^ Cfstfjjatfko Cfstfjjatfko \jaot start-up Aoajysfs catm Jk`atfko @apa`fty
3Q5<<4 ]PG@ 1<< 003 1<< 1<<
Kpmratfog ratm Snrkugnput Snrkugnput
@A\FSAJ @KPS FPEJ KPEJ Sk Sk t aj \jao t @ap f t aj Ktnmr \rkim`t @ksts Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t Wkrbfog `apftaj Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t
Hf Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr Snkusaoc Snkusaoc hmtrf` hmtrf` tkos/yr tkos/yr pmr`mot Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr gajjkos/yr ]OFSP \mr Gaj \r k c u ` t
\UKC]@SFKO @KPS P]HHAUV UAW HASMUFAJP
Umdkrhatm gajjko @atajyst & @nmhf`ajs SKSAJ UAW HASMUFAJ P EV-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP @=-@4 gajjko Uaddfoatm (Ez mxtra`tfko) gajjko Skjumom - hkgas vajum gajjko Hfxmc xyjmoms -hkgas vajum gajjko @6 Arkhatf`s gajjko SKSAJ E V-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P ]SFJFSFMP \kwmr bwn @kkjfog W atmr H Gaj Ptmah, H\ H Je Dumj HH Etu SKSAJ ]SFJ FSFMP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P & ]SFJ FSFMP
\UF@M ].P. $ /]o f t
6.>64> 1.<<<<
1.>4<0 <.<<56
(<.65<<) (1.36>7) (5.753=) (5.4<13) (<.6<<5)
1.0500 1.0500 5.<>44 5.1=<6 5.5500
<.3170 <.57=7 <.<<=< <.<345
<.<=>6 <.1<>< 1<.0<6= 4.30=6
TAUFAE J M @KPS CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP
Jaekr, 1< Hmo 33.4> Dkrmhmo, = Hmo =<.75 Pupmr., 1 Hm Hmo 41.5< Hafot., Hatmrfaj & Jaekr 0 Cfrm`t Kvmrnmac 3= SKSAJ CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP AJJ K@ASMC DF^MC DF^MC @KPSP Gmomraj \jaot Kvmrnmac 4< Fosurao`m, \rkpmrty Sax 1 Movfrkohmotaj <.= SKSAJ AJ J K@ASMC DF^MC @KPSP SKSAJ @APN @KPS Cmprm`fatfko L
1< % dkr FPEJ & K\@
Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Snkusaoc ].P. $ % kd FPEJ % Jaekr & Pupmrvfsfko % Cfrm`t Dfxmc @ksts % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj
= % dkr KPEJ
@KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO UMS]UO KO SKSAJ @A\FSAJ FOTMPSHMOS (Fo`j. W@) L @KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO + UKF
1< \m \ mr`mot
HFJ J FKO ].P. $ 155.5 35.6 14=.1 31.0 5<4.0 17=.0 0>1.4
].P. $ \mr Gaj 1>.311 <.<<0 1>.313 (1.517) (1.6>0) (=.4>=) (=.=6=) (5.<<5) (14.3>5) 1.605 <.<5= <.<0< <.<=5 <.567 <.3<0 5.00=
AOO]AJ @KPS HH ].P. $ 1,>3<.>4 <.56 1,>31.1= (151.75) (16>.0<) (=4>.35) (==6.33) (5<<.15) (1,43>.<5) 160.10 5.34 5.6> =.1= 56.73 3<.00 500.37
].P. $ \mr HS
=,=14
(04,007) =76
151 466
5.00=
500.37
466
<.<<3 <.<<0 <.<<1 <.<07 <.<<0 <.<3> <.<56 <.<17 <.<<> <.<=0 5.304
<.3= <.5= <.<4 0.47 <.03 3.77 5.>4 1.4= <.>0 =.03 530.=7
13
14 70<
<.1>=
1>.36
==
5.451
545.<4
7>=
<.0>5
0>.14
113
0.<<0
0<<.50
>66
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[@K\-taejms.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
65
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Saejm 3.6 @kst kd \rkcu`tfk o Mstfhatm dkr9 Emozmom \rk`mss9 Pkjvmot Mxtra`tfko Mxtra`tfko kd \ygas \jaot start-up Aoajysfs catm Jk`atfko @apa`fty
3Q5<<4 ]PG@ 1<< 003 1<< 1<<
Kpmratfog ratm Snrkugnput Snrkugnput
@A\FSAJ @KPS FPEJ KPEJ Sk Sk t aj \jao t @ap f t aj Ktnmr \rkim`t @ksts Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t Wkrbfog `apftaj Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t
Hf Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr Snkusaoc Snkusaoc hmtrf` hmtrf` tkos/yr tkos/yr pmr`mot Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr gajjkos/yr ]OFSP \mr Gaj \r k c u ` t
\UKC]@SFKO @KPS P]HHAUV UAW HASMUFAJP
\ygas gajjko Nycrkgmo - rmdkrhmr gracm bP@D @atajyst & @nmhf`ajs SKSAJ UAW HASMUFAJ P EV-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP Uaddfoatm (Ez mxtra`tfko) gajjko @=-@4 gajjko @6 Arkhatf`s gajjko Skjumom - `kotra`t gajjko Hfxmc xyjmoms gajjko Emozmom crag HH Etu SKSAJ E V-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P ]SFJFSFMP \kwmr bwn @kkjfog W atmr H Gaj Ptmah, H\ H Je SKSAJ ]SFJ FSFMP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P & ]SFJ FSFMP
\UF@M ].P. $ /]o f t
0.5<<= <.<504 1.<<<<
1.>1<3 0.0>00 <.<<64
(<.51<=) (<.65>1) (<.1466) (<.=7<4) (<.064>) (<.<<05)
1.0500 1.0500 5.5500 5.=1<6 5.=7<1 4.30=6
<.55<0 <.1<03 <.<501
<.<=>6 <.1<>< 1<.0<6=
TAUFAE J M @KPS CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP
Jaekr, 1< Hmo 33.4> Dkrmhmo, = Hmo =<.75 Pupmr., 1 Hm Hmo 41.5< Hafot., Hatmrfaj & Jaekr 0 Cfrm`t Kvmrnmac 3= SKSAJ CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP AJJ K@ASMC DF^MC DF^MC @KPSP Gmomraj \jaot Kvmrnmac 4< Fosurao`m, \rkpmrty Sax 1 Movfrkohmotaj <.= SKSAJ AJ J K@ASMC DF^MC @KPSP SKSAJ @APN @KPS Cmprm`fatfko L
1< % dkr FPEJ & K\@
Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Snkusaoc ].P. $ % kd FPEJ % Jaekr & Pupmrvfsfko % Cfrm`t Dfxmc @ksts % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj
= % dkr KPEJ
@KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO UMS]UO KO SKSAJ @A\FSAJ FOTMPSHMOS (Fo`j. W@) L @KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO + UKF
1< \m \ mr`mot
HFJ J FKO ].P. $ =6.> 01.0 61.1 55.> 110.> 41.= 17=.0
].P. $ \mr Gaj
AOO]AJ @KPS HH ].P. $
].P. $ \mr HS
=.763 <.<>< <.<1< =.>>3 (<.576) (1.55>) (<.07>) (1.300) (1.<5<) (<.<51) (3.0=>) 1.=54 <.<10 <.<11 <.50> <.545 1.7>>
=76.0= 7.67 <.64 =>>.5> (57.>=) (155.><) (07.77) (130.5=) (1<1.67) (5.<4) (30=.7<) 1=5.=> 1.0< 1.15 50.>5 54.53 17>.>5
1.7>>
17>.>5
=04
<.<<3 <.<<0 <.<<1 <.<1> <.<<0 <.<56 <.<17 <.<<6 <.<<= <.<01 1.>3>
<.3= <.5= <.<4 1.76 <.03 5.6< 1.73 <.61 <.34 0.1< 1>3.>5
6
6 ==3
<.<6>
6.>5
56
1.637
163.43
=>0
<.17=
17.=0
=0
5.155
515.17
404
1,745
(6,4<7) 3=7
76 =04
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[@K\-taejms.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
60
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Mxtra`tfvm Cfstfjjatfko (MC) kd \ygas Snm `kst kd prkcu`tfko mstfhatm dkr prkcu`fog emozmom vfa mxtra`tfko cfstfjjatfko kd pygas fs snkwo fo Saejm 3.1<. Omt raw hatmrfajs arm mstfhatmc tk em $5.=5 pmr gajjko ($7== pmr hmtrf` tko). ]tfjfty `ksts acc 15.< `mots pmr gajjko ($04 pmr hmtrf` tko) erfogfog tnm varfaejm `kst tk $5.43 pmr gajjko ($765 pmr hmtrf` tko). Adtmr accfog fo tnm dfxmc `ksts, `ksts, tnm tktaj `asn `kst fs mstfhatmc tk em $5.71 pmr gajjko ($>10 pmr hmtrf` tko). Cmprm`fatfko kd 1< pmr`mot kd FPEJ, = pmr`mot kd KPEJ, aoc ktnmr prkim`t `ksts accs aoktnmr 15.1 1 5.1 `mots pmr gajjko ($04 pmr hmtrf` tko) tk tnm `kst kd prkcu`tfko. Umturo ko tktaj `apftaj mhpjkymc kd 1< pmr`mot accs 16.> `mots pmr gajjko ($=6 pmr hmtrf` tko). Snm dfoaj `kst kd prkcu`tfko fo`jucfog rmturo ko fovmsthmot fovmsthmot fs mstfhatmc tk em $0.<0 pmr gajjko ($6<> pmr hmtrf` tko). Eujb Cmajbyjatfko kd \ygas Snm `kst kd prkcu`tfko mstfhatm dkr prkcu`fog emozmom vfa eujb cmajbyjatfko kd pygas fs snkwo fo Saejm 3.11. Omt raw hatmrfajs arm mstfhatmc tk em $5.=7 pmr gajjko ($771 pmr hmtrf` hmtrf` tko). ]tfjfty `ksts acc 1>.5 `mots pmr gajjko ($== pmr hmtrf` tko) erfogfog tnm varfaejm `kst tk $5.7= pmr gajjko ($>5= pmr hmtrf` tko). tko). Adtmr accfog fo tnm dfxmc dfxmc `ksts, tnm tktaj `asn `kst fs mstfhatmc mstfhatmc tk em $5.>5 pmr gajjko ($>3= pmr hmtrf` tko). Cmprm`fatfko kd 1< pmr`mot kd FPEJ, = pmr`mot kd KPEJ, aoc ktnmr prkim`t `ksts accs aoktnmr 11.3 `mots pmr gajjko ($03 pmr hmtrf` tko) tk tnm `kst kd prkcu`tfko. Umturo ko tktaj `apftaj mhpjkymc kd 1< pmr`mot accs 1>.< `mots pmr gajjko ($=3 ($=3 pmr hmtrf` tko). Snm dfoaj `kst kd prkcu`tfko fo`jucfog rmturo ko fovmsthmot fs mstfhatmc tk em $0.15 pmr gajjko ($603 pmr hmtrf` tko). 3.5.0.0 Emozmom Emozmom vfa tnm Jftkj Jftk j \rk`mss
Snm `kst kd prkcu`tfko mstfhatm dkr prkcu`fog emozmom drkh `kbm kvmo jfgnt kfj vfa tnm Jftkj prk`mss fs snkwo fo Saejm 3.15 dkr a 003 bta (1<< hfjjfko gajjko pmr ymar) uoft. Omt raw hatmrfajs arm mstfhatmc tk tk em $1.>< pmr gajjko ($=04 pmr hmtrf` tko). ]tfjfty `ksts acc 10.3 `mots pmr gajjko ($3< pmr hmtrf` tko) erfogfog tnm varfaejm `kst tk $1.65 pmr gajjko ($=74 pmr hmtrf` tko). Adtmr accfog fo tnm dfxmc `ksts, tnm tktaj tktaj `asn `kst fs mstfhatmc mstfhatmc tk em $5.<0 pmr gajjko ($4<> pmr hmtrf` tko). Cmprm`fatfko kd 1< pmr`mot kd FPEJ, = pmr`mot kd KPEJ, aoc ktnmr prkim`t `ksts ` ksts accs aoktnmr 14.0 `mots pmr gajjko ($36 pmr hmtrf` tko) tk tnm `kst kd prkcu`tfko. Umturo ko tktaj `apftaj mhpjkymc kd 1< pmr`mot accs 51.> `mots pmr gajjko ($4= pmr hmtrf` hmtrf` tko). Snm dfoaj `kst kd prkcu`tfko fo`jucfog rmturo ko fovmsthmot fs mstfhatmc tk em $5.31 pmr gajjko ($750 pmr hmtrf` tko).
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
63
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Saejm 3.1< @kst kd \rkcu`tfk o Mstfhatm dkr9 Emozmom \rk`mss9 Mxtra`tfvm Cfstfjjatfko Cfstfjjatfko kd \ygas \jaot start-up Aoajysfs catm Jk`atfko @apa`fty
3Q5<<4 ]PG@ 1<< 003 1<< 1<<
Kpmratfog ratm Snrkugnput Snrkugnput
@A\FSAJ @KPS FPEJ KPEJ Sk Sk t aj \jao t @ap f t aj Ktnmr \rkim`t @ksts Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t Wkrbfog `apftaj Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t
Hf Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr Snkusaoc Snkusaoc hmtrf` hmtrf` tkos/yr tkos/yr pmr`mot Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr gajjkos/yr ]OFSP \mr Gaj \r k c u ` t
\UKC]@SFKO @KPS P]HHAUV UAW HASMUFAJP
\ygas gajjko Nycrkgmo - rmdkrhmr gracm bP@D @atajyst & @nmhf`ajs SKSAJ UAW HASMUFAJ P EV-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP Uaddfoatm (Ez mxtra`tfko) gajjko @=-@4 gajjko @7/@6 `ut, Je gajjko Emozmom crag HH Etu SKSAJ E V-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P ]SFJFSFMP \kwmr bwn @kkjfog W atmr H Gaj Ptmah, H\ H Je SKSAJ ]SFJ FSFMP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P & ]SFJ FSFMP
\UF@M ].P. $ /]o f t
0.5<<= <.<504 1.<<<<
1.>1<3 0.0>00 <.<5>3
(<.51<=) (<.65>1) (1.1070) (<.<<05)
1.0500 1.0500 1.4563 4.30=6
<.1>56 <.<055 <.<1<0
<.<=>6 <.1<>< 1<.0<6=
TAUFAE J M @KPS CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP
Jaekr, 1< Hmo 33.4> Dkrmhmo, = Hmo =<.75 Pupmr., 1 Hm Hmo 41.5< Hafot., Hatmrfaj & Jaekr 0 Cfrm`t Kvmrnmac 3= SKSAJ CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP AJJ K@ASMC DF^MC DF^MC @KPSP Gmomraj \jaot Kvmrnmac 4< Fosurao`m, \rkpmrty Sax 1 Movfrkohmotaj <.= SKSAJ AJ J K@ASMC DF^MC @KPSP SKSAJ @APN @KPS Cmprm`fatfko L
1< % dkr FPEJ & K\@
Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Snkusaoc ].P. $ % kd FPEJ % Jaekr & Pupmrvfsfko % Cfrm`t Dfxmc @ksts % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj
= % dkr KPEJ
@KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO UMS]UO KO SKSAJ @A\FSAJ FOTMPSHMOS (Fo`j. W@) L @KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO + UKF
1< \m \ mr`mot
HFJ J FKO ].P. $ 76.7 57.6 1<7.4 54.6 103.= 40.5 167.7
].P. $ \mr Gaj
AOO]AJ @KPS HH ].P. $
].P. $ \mr HS
=.763 <.<>< <.<5> =.6<5 (<.576) (1.55>) (1.>=0) (<.<51) (0.0><) 5.=55 <.<11 <.<<0 <.1<4 <.15< 5.435
=76.0= 7.67 5.>3 =6<.14 (57.>=) (155.><) (1>=.56) (5.<4) (007.66) 5=5.14 1.<> <.0= 1<.45 15.<= 543.51
5.435
543.51
765
<.<<3 <.<<0 <.<<1 <.<53 <.<<0 <.<0= <.<51 <.<11 <.<<= <.<07 5.71=
<.3= <.5= <.<4 5.06 <.03 0.=< 5.1< 1.<> <.=3 0.71 571.35
1<
11 >10
<.151
15.<4
04
5.>0=
5>0.37
>36
<.16>
16.77
=6
0.<00
0<0.53
6<>
1,74>
(7,3=5) 7==
04 765
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[@K\-taejms.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
6=
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Saejm 3.11 @kst kd \rkcu`tfk o Mstfhatm dkr9 Emozmom \rk`mss9 Eujb Cmajbyjatfko Cmajbyjatfko kd \ygas \jaot start-up Aoajysfs catm Jk`atfko @apa`fty
3Q5<<4 ]PG@ 1<< 003 1<< 1<<
Kpmratfog ratm Snrkugnput Snrkugnput
@A\FSAJ @KPS FPEJ KPEJ Sk Sk t aj \jao t @ap f t aj Ktnmr \rkim`t @ksts Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t Wkrbfog `apftaj Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t
Hf Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr Snkusaoc Snkusaoc hmtrf` hmtrf` tkos/yr tkos/yr pmr`mot Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr gajjkos/yr ]OFSP \mr Gaj \r k c u ` t
\UKC]@SFKO @KPS P]HHAUV UAW HASMUFAJP
\yrkjysfs Gaskjfom Gajjko Nycrkgmo - rmdkrhmr gracm bP@D @atajyst & @nmhf`ajs SKSAJ UAW HASMUFAJ P EV-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP Dumj Gas HH Etu @=-@4 Gajjko @6 Arkhatf`s Gajjko SKSAJ E V-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P ]SFJFSFMP \kwmr bwn @kkjfog W atmr H Gaj Ptmah, N\ H Je Dumj HH Etu SKSAJ ]SFJ FSFMP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P & ]SFJ FSFMP
\UF@M ].P. $ /]o f t
5.5601 <.<3=4 1.<<<<
1.>1<3 0.0>00 <.<==<
(<.<7>7) (<.063=) (<.031>)
4.30=6 1.0500 5.5500
<.3<<= <.<335 <.<<<7 <.<554
<.<=>6 <.1<>< 11.455< 4.30=6
TAUFAE J M @KPS CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP
Jaekr, 1< Hmo 33.4> Dkrmhmo, = Hmo =<.75 Pupmr., 1 Hm Hmo 41.5< Hafot., Hatmrfaj & Jaekr 0 Cfrm`t Kvmrnmac 3= SKSAJ CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP AJJ K@ASMC DF^MC DF^MC @KPSP Gmomraj \jaot Kvmrnmac 4< Fosurao`m, \rkpmrty Sax 1 Movfrkohmotaj <.= SKSAJ AJ J K@ASMC DF^MC @KPSP SKSAJ @APN @KPS Cmprm`fatfko L
1< % dkr FPEJ & K\@
Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Snkusaoc ].P. $ % kd FPEJ % Jaekr & Pupmrvfsfko % Cfrm`t Dfxmc @ksts % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj
= % dkr KPEJ
@KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO UMS]UO KO SKSAJ @A\FSAJ FOTMPSHMOS (Fo`j. W@) L @KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO + UKF
1< \m \ mr`mot
HFJ J FKO ].P. $ 71.4 05.0 1<0.6 54.< 156.6 =<.0 1><.1
].P. $ \mr Gaj
AOO]AJ @KPS HH ].P. $
].P. $ \mr HS
3.1=5 <.1=3 <.<== 3.041 (<.=<4) (<.=55) (<.74<) (1.7>>) 5.=70 <.<53 <.<<= <.<<6 <.13= <.1>5 5.7==
31=.1< 1=.33 =.=< 304.<0 (=<.40) (=5.16) (7=.6>) (17>.><) 5=7.50 5.04 <.3> <.>4 13.=3 1>.50 57=.34
5.7==
57=.34
>5=
<.<<3 <.<<0 <.<<1 <.<51 <.<<0 <.<00 <.<5< <.<1< <.<<= <.<0= 5.>50
<.3= <.5= <.<4 5.1= <.03 0.5= 1.6= 1.<3 <.=5 0.=1 5>5.50
1<
11 >3=
<.113
11.07
03
5.604
560.4<
>><
<.1><
1>.<1
=3
0.117
011.41
603
1,0<4
(0,635) 771
== >5=
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[@K\-taejms.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
64
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Saejm 3.15 @kst kd \rkcu`tfk o Mstfhatm dkr9 Emozmom \rk`mss9 Jftkj \rk`mss (drkh `kbm kvmo jfgnt kfj) \jaot start-up Aoajysfs catm Jk`atfko @apa`fty
3Q5<<4 ]PG@ =< 147 1<< =<
Kpmratfog ratm Snrkugnput Snrkugnput
@A\FSAJ @KPS FPEJ KPEJ Sk Sk t aj \jao t @ap f t aj Ktnmr \rkim`t @ksts Sk Sk t aj @ap f t aj Fo vms t h mo t Wkrbfog `apftaj Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t
Hf Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr Snkusaoc Snkusaoc hmtrf` hmtrf` tkos/yr tkos/yr pmr`mot Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr gajjkos/yr ]OFSP \mr Gaj \r k c u ` t
\UKC]@SFKO @KPS P]HHAUV UAW HASMUFAJP
@kbm kvmo jfgnt kfj pkuoc Nycrkgmo - rmdkrhmr gracm bP@D @atajyst & @nmhf`ajs SKSAJ UAW HASMUFAJ P EV-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP Dumj HH Etu Jfgnt/nmavy mocs (dumj vajum) H H Etu SKSAJ E V-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P ]SFJFSFMP \kwmr bwn @kkjfog W atmr H Gaj Ptmah, N\ H Je Dumj HH Etu SKSAJ ]SFJ FSFMP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P & ]SFJ FSFMP
\UF@M ].P. $ /]o f t
1.<6<< <.<371 1.<<<<
1.4633 0.0>00 <.<==<
(<.<5<3) (<.<516)
4.30=6 4.30=6
<.5707 <.<=>6 <.<=06 <.1<>< (<.<<14) 11.455< <.<5<3 4.30=6
TAUFAE J M @KPS CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP
Jaekr, 1< Hmo 33.4> Dkrmhmo, = Hmo =<.75 Pupmr., 1 Hm Hmo 41.5< Hafot., Hatmrfaj & Jaekr 0 Cfrm`t Kvmrnmac 3= SKSAJ CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP AJJ K@ASMC DF^MC DF^MC @KPSP Gmomraj \jaot Kvmrnmac 4< Fosurao`m, \rkpmrty Sax 1 Movfrkohmotaj <.= SKSAJ AJ J K@ASMC DF^MC @KPSP SKSAJ @APN @KPS Cmprm`fatfko L
1< % dkr FPEJ & K\@
Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Snkusaoc ].P. $ % kd FPEJ % Jaekr & Pupmrvfsfko % Cfrm`t Dfxmc @ksts % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj
= % dkr KPEJ
@KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO UMS]UO KO SKSAJ @A\FSAJ FOTMPSHMOS (Fo`j. W@) L @KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO + UKF
1< \m \ mr`mot
HFJ J FKO ].P. $ =1.3 50.5 73.4 1>.4 60.5 1=.6 1<6.1
].P. $ \mr Gaj
AOO]AJ @KPS HH ].P. $
].P. $ \mr HS
1.>37 <.1=6 <.<== 5.<41 (<.101) (<.131) (<.575) 1.7>6 <.<14 <.<<4 (<.<16) <.101 <.103 1.650
65.03 7.64 5.7= 1<0.<= (4.==) (7.<=) (10.4<) >6.3= <.>1 <.56 (<.63) 4.=4 4.75 64.17
(4<<) =04
1.650
64.17
=74
<.<<6 <.<<= <.<<1 <.<01 <.<<7 <.<=0 <.<05 <.<1= <.<<7 <.<=3 5.<0<
<.3= <.5= <.<4 1.=3 <.03 5.4= 1.=6 <.7= <.07 5.71 1<1.=5
14
14 4<>
<.140
>.17
36
5.163
1<6.46
4=7
<.51>
1<.61
4=
5.315
15<.4<
750
417
3< =74
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[@K\-taejms.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
67
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
3.5.0.3 Emozmom Emozmom vfa vf a Skjumom Nycrkcmajbyj atfko (SNC (SNCA) A)
Snm `kst kd prkcu`tfko mstfhatm dkr prkcu`fog emozmom vfa tkjumom nycrkcmajbyjatfko (SNCA) fs snkwo fo Saejm 3.10 dkr a 003 bta (1<< hfjjfko hfjjfko gajjko pmr ymar) uoft. uoft. Omt raw hatmrfajs arm mstfhatmc tk em $5.35 pmr gajjko ($754 pmr hmtrf` tko). ]tfjfty `ksts acc >.3 `mots pmr gajjko ($5= pmr hmtrf` tko) erfogfog tnm varfaejm `kst tk $5.=1 pmr gajjko ($7=1 pmr hmtrf` tko). Adtmr accfog fo tnm dfxmc `ksts, tnm tktaj `asn `kst fs mstfhatmc tk em $5.=4 pmr gajjko ($747 pmr hmtrf` tko). Cmprm`fatfko kd 1< pmr`mot pmr`mot kd FPEJ, = pmr`mot kd KPEJ, aoc ktnmr prkim`t `ksts accs aoktnmr >.0 `mots pmr gajjko ($5= pmr hmtrf` tko) tk tnm `kst kd prkcu`tfko. Umturo ko tktaj `apftaj mhpjkymc kd 1< pmr`mot accs 15.> `mots pmr gajjko ($0> pmr hmtrf` hmtrf` tko). Snm dfoaj `kst kd prkcu`tfko fo`jucfog rmturo ko fovmsthmot fs mstfhatmc tk em $5.77 pmr gajjko ($>01 pmr hmtrf` tko). 3.5.0.= Emozmom Emozmom vfa Skjumom Cfsprkpkrt Cfsprkpk rtfkoat fkoatfko fko (SC\ (SC\))
Snm `kst kd prkcu`tfko mstfhatm dkr prkcu`fog emozmom vfa `kovmotfkoaj tkjumom cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko (SC\) fs snkwo fo Saejm 3.13 dkr a 003 bta (1<< hfjjfko gajjko pmr ymar) uoft. Hfxmc xyjmoms arm `kosfcmrmc a eyprkcu`t dkr dkr tnfs aoajysfs. Omt raw hatmrfajs arm mstfhatmc mstfhatmc tk em $5.<4 pmr gajjko ($41> pmr hmtrf` tko). ]tfjfty `ksts acc 30.6 `mots pmr gajjko ($101 pmr hmtrf` tko) erfogfog tnm varfaejm `kst tk $5.=< pmr gajjko ($7=< pmr hmtrf` tko). Adtmr accfog fo tnm dfxmc `ksts, tnm tktaj `asn `kst fs mstfhatmc tk em $5.=4 pmr gajjko ($74> pmr hmtrf` tko). Cmprm`fatfko kd 1< pmr`mot kd FPEJ, = pmr`mot kd KPEJ, aoc ktnmr prkim`t `ksts accs aoktnmr 6.4 `mots pmr gajjko ($56 pmr hmtrf` tko) tk tnm `kst kd prkcu`tfko. Umturo ko tktaj `apftaj mhpjkymc mhpjkymc kd 1< pmr`mot accs 14.4 `mots pmr gajjko ($=< pmr hmtrf` hmtrf` tko). Snm dfoaj `kst kd prkcu`tfko fo`jucfog rmturo ko fovmsthmot fs mstfhatmc tk em $5.>0 pmr gajjko ($>34 pmr hmtrf` tko). Snm `kst kd prkcu`tfko mstfhatm dkr prkcu`fog emozmom vfa smjm`tfvm tkjumom cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko (SC\) fs snkwo fo Saejm 3.1= dkr a 003 bta (1<< hfjjfko gajjko pmr ymar) uoft. para-^yjmoms arm `kosfcmrmc a eyprkcu`t dkr tnfs tnfs aoajysfs aoc vajumc at tnmfr harbmt prf`m. Omt raw hatmrfajs arm mstfhatmc tk em $1.=0 pmr gajjko ($3=> pmr hmtrf` tko). ]tfjfty `ksts acc 1>.= `mots pmr gajjko ($== pmr hmtrf` tko) erfogfog tnm varfaejm `kst tk $1.75 pmr gajjko ($=13 pmr hmtrf` tko). Adtmr accfog fo tnm dfxmc `ksts, tnm tktaj `asn `kst fs mstfhatmc tk em $1.7> pmr gajjko ($=00 pmr hmtrf` tko). Cmprm`fatfko kd 1< pmr`mot pmr`mot kd FPEJ, = pmr`mot kd KPEJ, aoc ktnmr prkim`t `ksts accs aoktnmr 11.4 `mots pmr gajjko ($0= pmr hmtrf` tko) tk tnm `kst kd prkcu`tfko. Umturo ko tktaj `apftaj mhpjkymc kd 1< pmr`mot accs 16.= `mots pmr gajjko ($=6 pmr hmtrf` hmtrf` tko). Snm dfoaj `kst kd prkcu`tfko fo`jucfog rmturo ko fovmsthmot fs mstfhatmc tk em $5.<6 pmr gajjko ($454 pmr hmtrf` tko).
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
6>
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Saejm 3.10 @kst kd \rkcu`tfk o Mstfhatm dkr9 Emozmom \rk`mss9 Skjumom Nycrkcmajbyjatfko Nycrkcmajbyjatfko (SNCA) (SNCA) \jaot start-up Aoajysfs catm Jk`atfko @apa`fty
3Q5<<4 ]PG@ 1<< 003 1<< 1<<
Kpmratfog ratm Snrkugnput Snrkugnput
@A\FSAJ @KPS FPEJ KPEJ Sk Sk t aj \jao t @ap f t aj Ktnmr \rkim`t @ksts Sk Sk t aj @ap f t aj Fo vms t h mo t Wkrbfog `apftaj Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t
Hf Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr Snkusaoc Snkusaoc hmtrf` hmtrf` tkos/yr tkos/yr pmr`mot Hfjjfko gajjkos/yr gajjkos/yr ]OFSP \mr Gaj \r k c u ` t
\UKC]@SFKO @KPS P]HHAUV UAW HASMUFAJP
Skjumom - hkgas vajum Gajjkos Nycrkgmo - rmdkrhmr gracm bP@D @atajyst & @nmhf`ajs SKSAJ UAW HASMUFAJ P EV-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP Dumj Gas pkuoc SKSAJ E V-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P ]SFJFSFMP \kwmr bwn @kkjfog W atmr H Gaj Ptmah, N\ H Je Ptmah, H\ H Je Ekfjmr Dmmcwatmr H Gaj Dumj HH Etu SKSAJ ]SFJ FSFMP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P & ]SFJ FSFMP
\UF@M ].P. $ /]o f t
1.55<< <.<335 1.<<<<
5.<>44 0.0>00 <.<<5<
(<.<35=)
4.30=6
<.0<74 <.<=>6 <.<1<< <.1<>< (<.<<<7) 11.455< <.<<53 1<.0<6= <.<<<5 1.6=4< <.<<73 4.30=6
TAUFAE J M @KPS CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP
Jaekr, 1< Hmo 33.4> Dkrmhmo, = Hmo =<.75 Pupmr., 1 Hm Hmo 41.5< Hafot., Hatmrfaj & Jaekr 0 Cfrm`t Kvmrnmac 3= SKSAJ CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP AJJ K@ASMC DF^MC DF^MC @KPSP Gmomraj \jaot Kvmrnmac 4< Fosurao`m, \rkpmrty Sax 1 Movfrkohmotaj <.= SKSAJ AJ J K@ASMC DF^MC @KPSP SKSAJ @APN @KPS Cmprm`fatfko L
1< % dkr FPEJ & K\@
Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Snkusaoc ].P. $ % kd FPEJ % Jaekr & Pupmrvfsfko % Cfrm`t Dfxmc @ksts % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj
= % dkr KPEJ
@KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO UMS]UO KO SKSAJ @A\FSAJ FOTMPSHMOS (Fo`j. W@) L @KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO + UKF
1< \m \ mr`mot
HFJ J FKO ].P. $ =1.< 54.1 77.1 16.0 64.3 01.> 15>.1
].P. $ \mr Gaj
AOO]AJ @KPS HH ].P. $
].P. $ \mr HS
5.=34 <.136 <.<<5 5.467 (<.570) (<.570) 5.353 <.<1> <.<<1 (<.<<6) <.<5= <.<<< <.<3> <.<>3 5.=<>
5=3.=0 13.63 <.5< 546.44 (57.00) (57.00) 535.03 1.>1 <.11 (<.>4) 5.=< <.<3 3.7> >.3< 5=<.70
5.=<>
5=<.70
7=1
<.<<3 <.<<0 <.<<1 <.<1= <.<<0 <.<54 <.<14 <.<<> <.<<3 <.<57 5.=41
<.3= <.5= <.<4 1.=0 <.03 5.40 1.=> <.77 <.06 5.73 5=4.11
>
> 747
<.<>0
>.00
5=
5.43=
543.33
765
<.15>
15.>1
0>
5.770
577.5=
>01
><> (4<0) 754
5= 7=1
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[@K\-taejms.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
66
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Saejm 3.13 @kst kd \rkcu`tfk o Mstfhatm dkr9 Emozmom \rk`mss9 Skjumom Cfsprkpkr tfkoatfko (SC\) (SC\) \jaot start-up Aoajysfs catm Jk`atfko @apa`fty
3Q5<<4 ]PG@ 1<< 003 1<< 1<<
Kpmratfog ratm Snrkugnput Snrkugnput
@A\FSAJ @KPS FPEJ KPEJ Sk Sk t aj \jao t @ap f t aj Ktnmr \rkim`t @ksts Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t Wkrbfog `apftaj Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t
Hf Hfjjfko pkuocs/yr Snkusaoc Snkusaoc hmtrf` hmtrf` tkos/yr tkos/yr pmr`mot Hfjjfko pkuocs/yr pkuocs/yr ]OFSP \mr Gaj \r k c u ` t
\UKC]@SFKO @KPS P]HHAUV UAW HASMUFAJP
Skjumom - hkgas vajum Gajjkos Nycrkgmo - purm \kuocs @atajyst & @nmhf`ajs SKSAJ UAW HASMUFAJ P EV-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP Dumj Gas, HH Etu HH Etu @6 Arkhatf`s, Gaj Gajjkos Hfxmc xyjmoms, Gaj Gajjkos SKSAJ E V-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P ]SFJFSFMP \kwmr bwn @kkjfog W atmr H Gaj Ptmah, N\ H Je Ptmah, H\ H Je Dumj HH Etu SKSAJ ]SFJ FSFMP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P & ]SFJ FSFMP
\UF@M ].P. $ /]o f t
5.0>=4 <.<4=< 1.<<<<
5.<>44 5.6<41 <.<160
(<.<0<1) (<.557>) (<.630=)
4.30=6 5.5<>1 5.=7<1
<.4>06 <.1<54 <.<<<< <.<5<= <.<573
<.<=>6 <.1<>< 11.455< 1<.0<6= 4.30=6
TAUFAE J M @KPS CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP
Jaekr, 1< Hmo 33.4> Dkrmhmo, = Hmo =<.75 Pupmr., 1 Hm Hmo 41.5< Hafot., Hatmrfaj & Jaekr 0 Cfrm`t Kvmrnmac 3= SKSAJ CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP AJJ K@ASMC DF^MC DF^MC @KPSP Gmomraj \jaot Kvmrnmac 4< Fosurao`m, \rkpmrty Sax 1 Movfrkohmotaj <.= SKSAJ AJ J K@ASMC DF^MC @KPSP SKSAJ @APN @KPS Cmprm`fatfko L
1< % dkr FPEJ & K\@
Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Snkusaoc ].P. $ % kd FPEJ % Jaekr & Pupmrvfsfko % Cfrm`t Dfxmc @ksts % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj
= % dkr KPEJ
@KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO UMS]UO KO SKSAJ @A\FSAJ FOTMPSHMOS (Fo`j. W@) L @KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO + UKF
1< \m \ mr`mot
HFJ J FKO ].P. $ 45.< 53.> >4.> 51.7 1<>.3 =7.4 144.1
].P. $ \mr Gaj
AOO]AJ @KPS HH ].P. $
].P. $ \mr HS
3.67> <.1>6 <.<16 =.1>4 (<.163) (<.=<0) (5.35=) (0.155) 5.<43 <.<3< <.<11 <.<<< <.515 <.174 <.306 5.=<0
367.71 1>.>> 1.60 =1>.=1 (16.07) (=<.56) (535.34) (015.15) 5<4.06 3.<0 1.11 <.<< 51.1= 17.4< 30.>6 5=<.5>
5.=<0
5=<.5>
7=<
<.<<3 <.<<0 <.<<1 <.<16 <.<<0 <.<0< <.<1> <.<<6 <.<<3 <.<01 5.=43
<.3= <.5= <.<4 1.>4 <.03 5.64 1.7> <.>7 <.30 0.<> 5=4.05
6
6 74>
<.<64
6.4<
56
5.44<
54=.65
767
<.144
14.41
=<
5.>54
5>5.=0
>34
1,==0
(4,>>5) 41>
101 7=<
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[@K\-taejms.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
1<<
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Saejm 3.1= @kst kd \rkcu`tfk o Mstfhatm dkr9 Emozmom \rk`mss9 Pmjm`tfvm Pmjm`tfvm Skjumom Cfsprkp Cfsprkp krtfko atfko (PSC\) (PSC\) \jaot start-up Aoajysfs catm Jk`atfko @apa`fty
3Q5<<4 ]PG@ 1<< 003 1<< 1<<
Kpmratfog ratm Snrkugnput Snrkugnput
@A\FSAJ @KPS FPEJ KPEJ Sk Sk t aj \jao t @ap f t aj Ktnmr \rkim`t @ksts Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t Wkrbfog `apftaj Sk S k t aj @ap f t aj Fo v ms t h mo t
Hf Hfjjfko pkuocs/yr Snkusaoc Snkusaoc hmtrf` hmtrf` tkos/yr tkos/yr pmr`mot Hfjjfko pkuocs/yr pkuocs/yr ]OFSP \mr Gaj \r k c u ` t
\UKC]@SFKO @KPS P]HHAUV UAW HASMUFAJP
Skjumom - hkgas vajum Gajjkos Nycrkgmo - purm \kuocs @atajyst & @nmhf`ajs SKSAJ UAW HASMUFAJ P EV-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP Dumj Gas, HH Etu HH Etu @6 Arkhatf`s, Gaj Gajjkos Hfxmc xyjmoms, Gaj Gajjkos para-xyjmom \kuocs SKSAJ E V-\UKC]@S @UMCFSP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P ]SFJFSFMP \kwmr bwn @kkjfog W atmr H Gaj Ptmah, J\ H Je Ptmah, H\ H Je Dumj HH Etu SKSAJ ]SFJ FSFMP OMS UAW HASMUFAJ P & ]SFJ FSFMP
\UF@M ].P. $ /]o f t
5.0516 <.<6<0 1.<<<<
5.<>44 5.6<41 <.<<56
(<.<5=0) (<.<3=3) (<.<07=) (4.<5<3)
4.30=6 5.5<>1 5.=7<1 <.=0=<
<.07<6 <.<5<= <.<<<1 <.<<4= <.<133
<.<=>6 <.1<>< 1<.13>> 1<.0<6= 4.30=6
TAUFAE J M @KPS CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP
Jaekr, 1< Hmo 33.4> Dkrmhmo, = Hmo =<.75 Pupmr., 1 Hm Hmo 41.5< Hafot., Hatmrfaj & Jaekr 0 Cfrm`t Kvmrnmac 3= SKSAJ CFUM@S DF^MC @KPSP AJJ K@ASMC DF^MC DF^MC @KPSP Gmomraj \jaot Kvmrnmac 4< Fosurao`m, \rkpmrty Sax 1 Movfrkohmotaj <.= SKSAJ AJ J K@ASMC DF^MC @KPSP SKSAJ @APN @KPS Cmprm`fatfko L
1< % dkr FPEJ & K\@
Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Sn Snkusaoc ].P. $ Snkusaoc ].P. $ % kd FPEJ % Jaekr & Pupmrvfsfko % Cfrm`t Dfxmc @ksts % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj % Sktaj \jaot @apftaj
= % dkr KPEJ
@KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO UMS]UO KO SKSAJ @A\FSAJ FOTMPSHMOS (Fo`j. W@) L @KPS KD \UKC]@SFKO + UKF
1< \m \ mr`mot
HFJ J FKO ].P. $ 4<.5 =3.3 113.4 5>.4 130.5 =5.5 16=.=
].P. $ \mr Gaj
AOO]AJ @KPS HH ].P. $
].P. $ \mr HS
3.>3= <.545 <.<<0 =.11< (<.140) (<.1<<) (<.<64) (0.551) (0.=><) 1.=0< <.<55 <.<<5 <.<<1 <.<47 <.<60 <.1>= 1.71=
3>3.30 54.53 <.56 =1<.64 (14.57) (1<.<1) (6.43) (055.<=) (0=7.6>) 1=5.6> 5.16 <.55 <.<7 4.7< 6.0< 1>.37 171.3=
1.71=
171.3=
=13
<.<<3 <.<<0 <.<<1 <.<1> <.<<0 <.<56 <.<17 <.<11 <.<<4 <.<0= 1.776
<.3= <.5= <.<4 1.>1 <.03 5.61 1.7= 1.1= <.=7 0.37 177.>0
6
1< =00
<.114
11.4<
0=
1.>6=
1>6.30
=4>
<.16=
16.==
=6
5.<6<
5<>.6>
454
1,=01
(7,>60) 3=>
== =13
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[@K\-taejms.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
1<1
Pm`tfko 3
3.5.3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Pmosftfvfty
3.5.3.1 Dfvm-Vma Dfvm-Vmarr Avmragm Av mragm \rf` \rf`fog fog
Ft fs fhpkrtaot tk oktm tnat tnm m`kokhf`s prmsmotmc nmrmfo arm fo mssmo`m a ‚soapsnkt‘ fo tfhm. Fo Dfgurms 3.0 aoc 3.3 wm navm trfmc tk hftfgatm tnfs ey usfog dfvm-ymar nfstkrf`aj avmragms dkr dmmc aoc prkcu`t prf`ms. Snm rmsujts kd tnfs smosftfvfty arm snkwo fo Dfgurm 3.0 dkr tnm rmdkrhatm `asms aoc Dfgurm 3.3 dkr tnm emozmom `asms. Fo ma`n aoajysfs tnm rmsujts rmsujts snkw sfhfjar, sfhfjar, eut jkwmr `ksts kd prkcu`tfko wnmo usfog tnm =-ymar avmragm.
Dfgur m 3.0 @kst kd \rkcu`t fko kd Umdkrhatm ‐ Pmosftfvfty tk \rf`f og (=<< bta, ]PG@) 0.<< 5.=< o k 5.<< j a G r m \1.=< s r a j j k C1.<<
<.=< <.<< AU AUKHA^
@@U
UY \JASDKUHFOG 3Q5<<4
AJ AJ\NA
@V@JAU
= Vr Avg Avg
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nar t s.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
1<5
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Dfgur m 3.3 @kst kd \rkcu`tf ko kd Emozmom ‐ Pmosftfvf Pmosftfvf ty tk \rf`fog (003 bta, ]PG@) 0.=< 0.<< 5.=<
o k j j a G5.<< r m \ s 1.=< r a j j k C
1.<< <.=< <.<< PM PM \yga ygas MC \yga ygas Umdkrhatm
Cmajby \ygas
3Q5<<4
Jftkj
SNCA
SC\
PSC\
= Vr Avg Avg
Q5<7[<<1<1 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nart .<<<7.31<4[`nart s.xjs
3.5.3.5 Dmmc Dmmc \rf`m \rf` m
Snm smosftfvfty kd tnm `ksts kd prkcu`tfko tk dmmc prf`m fs snkwo fo Dfgurm 3.= dkr tnm `ksts kd prkcu`tfko kd rmdkrhatm aoc Dfgurm 3.4 dkr tnm `ksts kd prkcu`tfko kd emozmom. Dfgurm 3.= snkws tnat tnm @y`jar SH prk`mss fs tnm hkst smosftfvm tk dmmcstk`b prf`fog wnfjm UY \jatdkrhfogSH aoc @@U SH rmdkrhfog arm tnm jmast smosftfvm.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
1<0
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Dfgur m 3.= Pmosftf Pmosftf vfty kd @kst kd \rkcu`t fko kd Umdkrhatm tk Dmmc Dmmc \rf`m (=<< bta, ]PG@, dkurtn quartmr 5<<4) 3.<< 0.=< 0.<< o 5.=< k j a G5.<< r m \ s 1.=< r a j k C1.<<
<.=< <.<< 4<%
7<%
><%
6<%
1<<%
11<%
15<%
10<%
13<%
\mr`mot kd Easm @asm Dmmc \rf`m @@U
AJ\NA
@V@JAU
UY \JASDKUHFOG
AUKHA^
Q5<7[<<1<1.< Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nart <<7.31<4[`nart s.xjs
Dfgurm 3.4 snkws tnat prkcu`fog emozmom vfa rm`kvmry drkh rmdkrhatm mhpjkyfog jfqufc/jfqufc mxtra`tfko (Pujdkjaom) fs tnm hkst smosftfvm tk dmmcstk`b prf`fog wnfjm tnm Jftkj prk`mss fs tnm jmast smosftfvm smosftfvm dkjjkwmc `jksmjy ey SNCA. As tkjumom prf`ms fo`rmasm SNCA fs hkrm m`kokhf`aj tnao SC\. Nkwmvmr, SC\ m`kokhf`s arm ajsk a duo`tfko kd tnm `rmcft cmrfvmc drkh tnm hfxmc xyjmom eyprkcu`t aoc fs tnmrmdkrm, a duo`tfko kd hfxmc xyjmom prf`fog as wmjj. Snfs smosftfvfty fs snkwo fo fo Dfgurm 3.7. As tnm prf`m kd hfxmc xyjmoms fs varfmc ey pjus kr hfous 0< pmr`mot tnm `kst pjus rmturo kd emozmom vfa SC\ varfms ey pjus kr hfous 70 `mots pmr gajjko ($51> pmr hmtrf` tko).
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
1<3
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Dfgur m 3.4 Pmosftfvfty k d @kst kd \rkcu`t fko kd E mozmom mozmom tk Dmmc Dmmc \rf`m (003 bta, ]PG@, dkurtn quartmr 5<<4) 6.<< >.<< 7.<< 4.<< o =.<< k j a G3.<< r m \0.<< s r a j k 5.<< C
1.<< <.<< 4<%
7<%
><%
6<%
1<<%
11<%
15<%
10<%
13<%
\mr`mot kd Easm @asm Dmmc \rf`m P]JDKJAOM JFSKJ
PM \VGAP SNCA
MC \VGAP SC\
CMAJBVJ \VGAP PSC\
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nar t s.xjs
Dfgur m 3.7 Pmosftfvfty kd @kst k d \rkcu`t fko vf a SC\ SC\ tk Hfxmc ^yjmoms ^yjmoms \rf`m (003 bta, ]PG@, dkurtn quartmr 5<<4) 3.<< 0.=< 0.<< o k j a 5.=< G r m \5.<< s r a j k 1.=< C
1.<< <.=< <.<< 4<%
7<%
><%
6<%
1<<%
11<%
15<%
10<%
13<%
\mr`mot kd Easm @asm Hfxmc ^yjmoms \rf`m Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nar t s.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
1<=
Pm`tfko 3
3.0
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
@KO@J]PFKOP
Wnmtnmr kr okt SC\ kr SNCA uofts kpmratm m`kokhf`ajjy wfjj okt kojy cmpmoc ko prf`fog `kocftfkos (m.g., ajtmroatfvm vajum dkr tkjumom), eut ajsk ko harbmt pksftfko. Em`ausm SNCA fs kdtmo tnm hkst mxpmosfvm rkutm dkr prkcu`fog emozmom, hmr`naot SNCA da`fjftfms tmoc tk kpmratm kojy wnmo tnm prf`m kd emozmom mx`mmcs tnm `kst kd prkcu`tfko vfa SNCA. @aptfvm SNCA uofts, fo `kotrast, usuajjy smrvm tk eajao`m fotmroaj rmqufrmhmots dkr emozmom aoc arm ruo focmpmocmotjy kd hmr`naot harbmt `kocftfkos. Nfstkrf`ajjy tnm cmjta emtwmmo tnm prf`m kd emozmom aoc tkjumom nas emmo aekut 05 `mots pmr gajjko ($64 pmr hmtrf` hmtrf` tko) as snkwo fo Dfgurm 3.>. Nkwmvmr, fo tnm past dmw ymars tnfs cmjta c mjta nas varfmc grmatjy. Dkr tnm dkurtn quartmr kd 5<<3 ft was ajhkst $1.4= pmr gajjko ($=<< pmr hmtrf` tko), wnfjm dkr tnm sm`koc quartmr kd 5<<4 ft was omgatfvm > `mots pmr gajjko (-53 (-53 pmr hmtrf` tko). @urrmotjy (3tn quartmr 5<<4) tnfs cmjta fs aekut $1.1< pmr gajjko ($005 pmr hmtrf` tko) wnfjm tnm `kst kd tkjumom nycrkcmajbyjatfko fs 50 `mots pmr gajjko ($4> pmr hmtrf` tko).
Dfgur m 3.> Emozmom tk Skjumom \rf`m Cmjta 4<< =<< S / $ 3<< , m o m u j k S 0<< m o m z o 5<< m E a t j m 1<< C
< -1<< 16>5-Q1 -Q1 16>3 16>3-Q1 -Q1 16>4 16>4-Q1 -Q1 16>> 16>>-Q1 -Q1 166< 166<-Q1 -Q1 1665-Q 65-Q1 1 1663-Q1 -Q1 1664-Q 64-Q1 1 166>-Q1 -Q1 5<<< 5<<<-Q1 -Q1 5<<5-Q1 -Q1 5<<3 5<<3-Q1 -Q1 5<<4-Q <4-Q1 1 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nar Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nar ts.xj s
Fo accftfko tk tnm m`kokhf`s, a varfmty kd ktnmr fssums hust ajsk em `kosfcmrmc wnmo `nkksfog prk`mss tm`nokjkgy. Pkhm kd tnmsm `kosfcmratfkos arm jfstmc emjkw9
A``mss tk dmmcstk`b
Kutjmt dkr eyprkcu`ts
Fovmsthmot rmqufrmhmots
Umvahp aoc fotmgratfko pktmotfaj kr stratmgy
Dmmcstk`b/prkcu`t prf`m dju`tuatfkos/dkrm`asts
Sm`nokjkgy avafjaefjfty/jf`mosfog tmrhs Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
1<4
Pm`tfko 3
M`kokhf` Aoajysfs
Sm`nokjkgy rfsb
Pm`urfty kd suppjy/stratmgf` fhpkrtao`m
Saejm 3.14 suhharfzms Omxaot‖s vfmw wftn rmspm`t tk skhm kd tnm stratmgf` fssums. Fo tnm dfoaj aoajysfs, tnm smjm`tfko kd aoy kd tnmsm arkhatf` tm`nokjkgfms wfjj navm tk em easmc ko a `armduj `asm ey `asm assmsshmot.
Saejm 3.14 Umdkrhatm \rk`mss Pmjm`tfko Pmjm`tfko Hatrfx Hatrfx @@U Oapntna Jkw
Uz \jatdkrhfogSH Oapntna Jkw
@y`jar SH J\G Hkcmratm kcmratm
Arkhax ® Oapntna Nfgn
Ajpna @=/@4 Hkcmratm
Fovmsthmot rmqufrmhmot
Jkw
Jkw
Nfgn
Jkw
Hkcmratm
Sm`nokjkgy avafjaefjfty
Vms
Vms
Vms
Vms
Vms
Ouhmrkus Ouhmrkus
Kom
Pmvmraj
Kom
SH
Dmmcstk`b Dmmcstk`b smosftfvfty smosftfvfty tk dmmc prf`m
@khhmr`fajjy Ouhmrkus Ouhmrkus prkvmo uofts
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
1<7
Pm`tfko Pm`tfko = =.1
A\\J F@ASFKOP
=.1.1
Emozmom
Harbmt Harbmt Aoajysfs
=.1.1.1 Fotrkcu`tfko
Kom kd tnm haikr usms kd emozmom fs as a gaskjfom `khpkomot. Ft fs `kotafomc wftnfo strmahs tnat `kotrfeutm tk tnm gaskjfom gaskjfom pkkj, prfharfjy `atajytf` `atajytf` rmdkrhatm. Dkr oko-dumj emozmom appjf`atfkos, ft fs mxtra`tmc kr ktnmrwfsm ktnmrwfsm prkcu`mc as cms`rfemc fo Pm`tfko 5. Snfs harbmt aoajysfs fs `ko`mromc kojy wftn tnm oko-dumj usms kd emozmom. Emozmom nas haoy usms, aoc cmhaoc `kotfoums tk grkw cmspftm fo`rmasfog rmstrf`tfkos aoc movfrkohmotaj rmgujatfkos. @rmatfko kd styrmom hkokhmr fs tnm jargmst usm kd emozmom, dkjjkwmc ey `uhmom/pnmokj, `y`jknmxaom, aoc oftrkemozmom. o ftrkemozmom. Snksm cmrfvatfvms arm usmc tk prkcu`m a wfcm raogm kd pjastf`s, dfemrs, rmsfos rmsfos aoc dfjhs. Emozmom fs ajsk ao mx`mjjmot skjvmot dkr waxms, rmsfos, rueemr aoc varfkus ktnmr krgaof` krgao f` hatmrfajs, eut tkxf`kjkgf`aj prkpmrtfms grmatjy jfhft usm. =.1.1.5 Mtnyjemozmom/Ptyrmom
Kvmr najd kd tnm wkrjc's emozmom prkcu`tfko fs usmc fo mtnyjemozmom (ME) aoc styrmom hkokhmr (PH) prkcu`tfko. Snm ckhfoaot rkutm fovkjvms tnm ajbyjatfko kd emozmom wftn mtnyjmom, dkjjkwmc ey cfrm`t cmnycrkgmoatfko tk styrmom. Snfs rkutm nas emmo kpmratmc `khhmr`fajjy sfo`m tnm 160 dra`tfko kd ES^ arkhatf`s, eut tnfs fs a shajj quaotfty fo `khparfsko tk syotnmsfs drkh emozmom. Aekut twk tnfrcs kd tnm styrmom fo tnm ]oftmc Ptatms, Wmstmro Murkpm, aoc Iapao fs usmc tk prkcu`m pkjystyrmom. Snm pkjyhmr fs prkcu`mc fo a ouhemr kd dkrhs. Snm purm nkhkpkjyhmr (`rystaj gracm) fs traosparmot aoc nas a nfgn rmdra`tfvm focmx tnat gfvms ft a sparbjfog appmarao`m. \kjystyrmom `ao em hacm jmss erfttjm ey fo`krpkratfog = tk 1< pmr`mot kd rueemry pkjyhmrs fotk tnm hatmrfaj curfog pkjyhmrfzatfko. Snfs rmsujts fo nfgn fhpa`t pkjystyrmom (NF\P), wnf`n a``kuots dkr aekut twk tnfrcs kd pkjystyrmom prkcu`tfko. Dkahmc pkjystyrmom fs prkcu`mc ey ejmocfog `rystaj pkjystyrmom wftn a jkw ekfjfog pkfot nycrk`areko. Snm ejmoc fs mxtrucmc aoc a dkah fs prkcu`mc as tnm skjvmot vkjatfjfzms. Mxpaocmc pkjystyrmom (M\P) fs cfddmrmot drkh tnm dkahmc prkcu`t, sfo`m ft fs hacm drkh emacs fhprmgoatmc wftn ejkwfog agmots aoc nas vmry cfddmrmot prkpmrtfms.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
1<>
Pm`tfko =
Harbmt Aoajysfs
\kjystyrmom appjf`atfkos fo`jucm tnm usm kd gmomraj purpksm aoc nfgn fhpa`t gracms fo hkjcfogs aoc mxtrucmc snmmt. Snmfr gkkc appmarao`m aoc rfgfcfty rfgfcfty habm tnmh suftaejm dkr attra`tfvm attra`tfvm pa`bagfog aoc cfspjays, nkusmwarms, nku smwarms, appjfao`ms, a ppjfao`ms, durofturm appjf`atfkos, tkys, aoc hfs`mjjaomkus ktnmr appjf`atfkos. Dkahmc pkjystyrmom fs usmc fo fo pa`bagfog, fosujatfko, eufjcfog, aoc durofturm. Mxpaocmc pkjystyrmom fs usmc hafojy as fosujatfko fo `kostru`tfko aoc as pa`bagfog. Ptyrmom fs ajsk usmc tk prkcu`m a ouhemr kd ktnmr pkjyhmrs fo`jucfog9
AEP - a`ryjkoftrfjm eutacfmom styrmom
PAO - styrmom a`ryjkoftrfjm
PE jatmx aoc PEU - styrmom eutacfmom mjastkhmrs
]osaturatmc pkjymstmr
Ajj tnm pkjyhmr prkcu`ts `khpmtm ko prf`m aoc pmrdkrhao`m wftn ktnmr hatmrfajs, eut ft fs aotf`fpatmc tnat styrmof`s wfjj jargmjy jargmjy nkjc tnmfr pksftfko. Kom pktmotfajjy sfgofdf`aot trmoc fs tnm fo`rmasfog rmgujatkry rmqufrmhmot dkr rm`y`jfog kd pkjyhmrs fo tnm ]oftmc Ptatms aoc Wmstmro Murkpm. Cmpmocfog ko spm`fdf` duturm rmgujatfkos, tnm cmhaoc grkwtn ratm kd pkjystyrmom aoc ktnmr styrmof`s wfjj em rmcu`mc skhmwnat, eut okt tk tnm mxtmot tnat a harbmt cm`jfom wfjj rmsujt. =.1.1.0 @uhmom/\nmokj
Emozmom `kosuhptfko fo tnm prkcu`tfko kd `uhmom fs tnm sm`koc jargmst harbmt, a``kuotfog dkr arkuoc 51 pmr`mot kd gjkeaj cmhaoc. @uhmom fs hacm ey tnm tnm vapkr pnasm ajbyjatfko kd emozmom wftn prkpyjmom. Ft fs fhpkrtaot tk ajsk `kosfcmr pnmokj as wmjj wmjj as `uhmom. Tfrtuajjy ajj `uhmom fs usmc tk prkcu`m pnmokj, aoc hkst pnmokj prkcu`tfko fs cmrfvmc drkh `uhmom. \nmokj fs a `nmhf`aj fotmrhmcfatm prkcu`mc drkh `uhmom ey pmrkxfcatfko fo wnf`n tnm nycrkpmrkxfcm fs dkrhmc aoc suesmqumotjy spjft uocmr a`fc `jmavagm `kocftfkos tk gfvm pnmokj aoc `kprkcu`t a`mtkom. Pkjutfa nas cmvmjkpmc a cfrm`t rkutm tk pnmokj tnat usms oftrkus kxfcm, a eyprkcu`t kd acfpf` a`fc prkcu`tfko, tk kxfcfzm emozmom tk pnmokj. Ok a`mtkom fs prkcu`mc fo tnfs rkutm. Pnmjj fs `kosfcmrfog a wkrjc-s`ajm pnmokj pjaot tk em eufjt fo Pfogapkrm usfog a omw tm`nokjkgy easmc ko emozmom aoc eutmoms, prkcu`fog hmtnyj mtnyj bmtkom (HMB) as a `kprkcu`t aoc jmss eyprkcu`t a`mtkom tnao fo tracftfkoaj prk`mssms. (rm. \MU\ rmpkrt <3/<=-P15). Snrmm kd tnm hafo kutjmts dkr pnmokj arm pnmokjf` rmsfos, rmsfos, efspnmokj A, aoc `aprkja`tah. \nmokjf` rmsfos su`n as pnmokj/dkrhajcmnycm arm haturm prkcu`ts usmc fo appjf`atfkos su`n as wkkc gjums aoc hkjcmc mjm`trf`aj mqufphmot. Snm cmhaoc fo cmvmjkpmc `kuotrfms fs grkwfog at jmss tnao GO\ cum tk `khpmtftfko wftn omwmr pkjyhmrs aoc skhm movfrkohmotaj `ko`mros rmjatfog tk dkrhajcmnycm. Efspnmokj A fs usmc fo pkjy`arekoatm prkcu`tfko. Aoktnmr efspnmokj A usm fs fo mpkxy rmsfo prkcu`tfko. \kjy`arekoatm appjf`atfkos navm snkwo strkog grkwtn fo rm`mot ymars2 tnfs fs mxpm`tmc tk `kotfoum. Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
1<6
Pm`tfko =
Harbmt Aoajysfs
Snm tnfrc hafo prkcu`t drkh pnmokj fs `aprkja`tah, wnf`n fs usmc prfharfjy as ao fotmrhmcfatm fo prkcu`fog oyjko dfemrs, aoc tk a jmssmr mxtmot dfjh. @aprkja`tah `ao ajsk em prkcu`mc drkh `y`jknmxaom. Oyjko cmhaoc fo tnm tnm tnrmm hafo focustrfaj rmgfkos rmhafos djat. A`mtkom fs `kprkcu`mc wftn pnmokj. A jargm vkjuhm kd a`mtkom fs usmc as a skjvmot. Snfs fs a nfgnjy draghmotmc harbmt, fo wnf`n tnm pnarha`mutf`aj sm`tkr fs fo`rmasfog fo fhpkrtao`m. fhpkrtao`m. Snm jargmst sfogjm a`mtkom usm fs fo tnm prkcu`tfko kd hmtnyj hmtna`ryjatm, wnf`n fs pkjyhmrfzmc tk prkcu`ts su`n as \mrspmx. A`mtkom fs ajsk usmc wftn pnmokj fo efspnmokj A prkcu`tfko aoc fo tnm haouda`turm kd a ouhemr kd ktnmr cmrfvatfvms. Ajtnkugn fhpkrtaot tk tnm m`kokhf`s kd pnmokj prkcu`tfko, a`mtkom cmhaoc fs uojfbmjy tk cf`tatm prkcu`tfko ratms sfo`m ft `ao ajsk em prkcu`mc drkh fskprkpaokj. =.1.1.3 @y`jknmxaom
@y`jknmxaom fs a easf` oyjko fotmrhmcfatm tnat fs prkcu`mc drkh emozmom ey nycrkgmoatfko. \rkcu`mrs arm usuajjy ea`b fotmgratmc tk emozmom. Snm prk`mss fs sfhpjm sfhpjm aoc `ao em swft`nmc ko aoc kdd tk usm surpjus emozmom aoc nycrkgmo. @y`jknmxaom fs usmc as a dmmcstk`b fo kom kd tnm rkutms rkutms tk `aprkja`tah prkcu`tfko. Snfs rkutm fs `khpmtftfvm wftn tnat cmrfvmc drkh pnmokj aoc fs hkrm m`kokhf`aj tnao tkjumom easmc prk`mssms. Snm ktnmr fhpkrtaot `y`jknmxaom cmrfvatfvm fs acfpf` a`fc, a prm`urskr tk oyjko 4,4. Snm usm kd `y`jknmxaom fo acfpf` a`fc aoc `aprkja`tah a``kuots dkr 6= pmr`mot kd cmhaoc. =.1.1.= Oftrkemozmom
Oftrkemozmom rmdmrs tk a sfogjm prkcu`t, a emozmom emo zmom rfog wftn ao OK5 grkup atta`nmc. Emozmom fs oftratmc fo a rma`tfko wftn oftrf` a`fc fo tnm tnm prmsmo`m kd `ko`motratmc sujdurf` a`fc. Snm tm`nokjkgy fs wmjj prkvmo aoc jf`mosmc ey tnrmm vmockrs. Oftrkemozmom fs hafojy `kosuhmc `ko suhmc as a dmmcstk`b tk habm aofjfom, wnf`n fo turo fs usmc prfharfjy tk prkcu`m hmtnyjmom cffsk`yaoatm cffsk`yaoatm (HCF) usmc prfharfjy fo pkjyurmtnaom dkahs. Snm rmst gkms fotk prkcu`tfko kd nycrkqufokom, a`mtahfokpnmo, aoc ktnmr jkw vkjuhm prkcu`ts. Oftrkemozmom fs okt mxpkrtmc2 ft fs s`ar`mjy tracmc. Sracm fs `kocu`tmc fo aofjfom. Aekut tnrmm quartmrs kd aofjfom fs usmc as a dmmcstk`b fo tnm pkjyurmtnaom haouda`turfog prk`mss. Snm aofjfom fs rma`tmc wftn dkrhajcmnycm tk yfmjc cfpnmoyjhmtnaom cfahfom aoc tnfs fs rma`tmc wftn pnksgmom tk yfmjc para-, para -hmtnyjmom cfpnmoyjcffsk`yaoatm (HCF). Fo pra`tf`m, a hfxturm kd HCF fskhmrs fs prkcu`mc aoc rmdmrrmc tk as ‚pkjyhmrf`‘ HCF (\HCF) kr skhmtfhms as pkjyfsk`yaoatm. Snm hfxturm fs suesmqumotjy pkjyhmrfzmc tk tk pkjyurmtnaom. ‵
Aofjfom `ao ajsk em prkcu`mc drkh pnmokj, eut tnfs rkutm fs jmss m`kokhf`aj aoc fs okt wfcmjy pra`tf`mc. Aofjfom fs ajsk `kosuhmc fo tnm prkcu`tfko kd rueemr `nmhf`ajs, cyms, pnarha`mutf`aj prkcu`ts, agrf`ujturaj prkcu`ts, aoc ktnmr `nmhf`ajs.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
11<
Pm`tfko =
Harbmt Aoajysfs
Oftrkemozmom cmhaoc fs nmavfjy cmpmocmot ko pkjyurmtnaom cmhaoc, wnf`n nas snkwo strkog nfstkrf`aj grkwtn ratms. \kjyurmtnaom `kosuhptfko fo tnm autkhktfvm aoc `kostru`tfko `kostru`tfko sm`tkrs fs jfobmc tk m`kokhf` grkwtn. =.1.1.4 @njkrkemozmom
Snm tmrh `njkrkemozmom appjfms tk tnm `njkrfoatmc emozmom cmrfvatfvms. Snm prfhary `khhmr`faj prkcu`ts arm hkok`njkrkemozmom, krtnk-cf`njkrkemozmom, para-cf`njkrkemozmom, trf`njkrkemozmom, aoc tmtra`njkrkemozmom. tmtra`njkrkemozmom. Emozmom fs `njkrfoatmc fo tnm tnm prmsmo`m kd a dmrrf` `njkrfcm `atajyst kr vfa kxy`njkrfoatfko usfog nycrk`njkrf` a`fc. As rma`tfko tmhpmraturm aoc tnm prkpkrtfko kd `njkrfom fs fo`rmasmc, sk ckms tnm pmr`motagm kd pkjy`njkrk cmrfvatfvms fo tnm prkcu`t. Hkok`njkrkemozmom usmc tk em ao fotmrhmcfatm dkr pnmokj aoc was a dmmcstk`b dkr tnm pmstf`fcm CCS, eut `uhmom nas cfspja`mc `njkrkemozmom fo tnm dkrhmr fostao`m aoc CCS nas emmo eaoomc. Hkok`njkrkemozmom fs stfjj usmc tk habm oftrk`njkrkemozmom aoc ktnmr dfom `nmhf`ajs, aoc ft nas skjvmot usms as wmjj. Cf`njkrkemozmom fs a dmmcstk`b dkr pkjypnmoyjmom sujdfcm (\\P), nas skjvmot appjf`atfkos, aoc fs a `khpkomot kd djahm rmtarcaots. Srf`njkrkemozmom fs usmc as a cymstudd `arrfmr. Ajj kd tnm `njkrkemozmoms arm usmc usmc as dmmcstk`bs dkr pmstf`fcms. \\P fs `njkrkemozmom's nfgn grkwtn grkwtn sm`tkr. Cmhaoc fs gafofog 1<-1= pmr`mot pmr ymar. \rkcu`tfko fs `ko`motratmc fo Iapao aoc tnm ]oftmc Ptatms, eut omw `apa`fty fs uojfbmjy fo Wmstmro Murkpm curfog tnm 166
Ajbyjemozmom fs tnm tmrh dkr tnrmm `khhmr`faj prkcu`ts, jfomar ajbyjemozmom (JAE), ckcm`yjemozmom (CCE), aoc cfajbyjemozmom. CCE fs bokwo ey at jmast twk ktnmr oahms, erao`nmc ajbyjemozmom aoc narc ajbyjemozmom. ajbyjemozmo m. JAE fs, as fts oahm suggmsts, a emozmom rfog wftn a jfomar ajbyj grkup atta`nmc. Snm ajbyj grkup varfms sjfgntjy fo jmogtn - ao avmragm kd @15. CCE fs a emozmom rfog wftn a erao`nmc @15 grkup atta`nmc. JAE fs tnm hkst sfgofdf`aot kd tnm tnrmm prkcu`ts, `kostftutfog kvmr 6< pmr`mot kd `khhmr`faj ajbyjemozmom. JAE fs usmc tk habm jfomar ajbyjemozmom sujdkoatm (JAP), ao aofkof` surda`taot. surda`taot. JAP fs tnm jargmst vkjuhm aofkof`, wftn appjf`atfkos fo jfqufc aoc pkwcmr cmtmrgmots aoc nkusmnkjc `jmaomrs. Ft fs okt `kosuhmc fo pmrskoaj `arm prkcu`ts, wnf`n usm surda`taots surda`taots easmc ko oaturaj prkcu`ts.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
111
Pm`tfko =
Harbmt Aoajysfs
JAP's pkrtfko kd tnm cmtmrgmot harbmt fs fs mxpm`tmc tk em statf`. Ko tnm kom naoc, cmhaoc dkr aofkof`s wfjj em stfhujatmc ey tnm fotrkcu`tfko kd `ko`motratmc cmtmrgmot pkwcmrs, wnf`n ajrmacy arm gafofog harbmt snarm fo tnm Dar Mast. Ko tnm ktnmr naoc, cmtmrgmot dkrhujatkrs dkrhujatkrs arm jfbmjy tk avkfc JAP aoc `nkksm `khpmtfog aofkof`s wnmo pkssfejm, em`ausm kd qumstfkos aekut fts cmgracaefjfty aoc fhagm prkejmhs assk`fatmc wftn emozmom fo `kosuhmr prkcu`ts. CCE fs usmc tk habm ajbyjemozmom ajbyjemozmo m sujdkoatm, aoktnmr aofkof` surda`taot aoc ao fskhmr kd JAP. Ajbyjemozmom sujdkoatm `kosuhptfko nas cm`jfomc stmacfjy dkr aekut twk twk cm`acms. Ptartfog fo tnm ]oftmc Ptatms, kom `kuotry adtmr aoktnmr nas eaoomc fts usm fo cmtmrgmots em`ausm kd fts pkkr efkcmgracaefjfty. Snm eao fs `khpjmtm tnrkugnkut tnm cmvmjkpmc wkrjc (fo`jucfog Wmstmro Murkpm) aoc fs wfcmjy sprmac sprmac ahkog tnm jmss cmvmjkpmc `kuotrfms. Snm swft`n drkh AEP AEP tk JAP nas jargmjy ruo fts `kursm, aoc tnmrm fs jfttjm suestftutfko pktmotfaj rmhafofog. Cfajbyjemozmom fs a shajj vkjuhm prkcu`t, usmc as a juerf`aot, pjastf`fzmr, aoc nmat traosdmr djufc accftfvm. =.1.1.> Hajmf` Hajmf` Aonycrfcm Aonycr fcm
Hajmf` aonycrfcm fs prkcu`mc ey tnm kxfcatfko kd emozmom kr o-eutaom aoc as a eyprkcu`t kd pntnajf` aonycrfcm prkcu`tfko. Omw djufcfzmc emc rma`tkr tm`nokjkgy nas emmo cmvmjkpmc cmvmjkpm c dkr o eutaom kxfcatfko moaejfog jargmr pjaot sfzms tk em eufjt. @kupjmc wftn tnm swft`n tk jmss mxpmosfvm o-eutaom dmmcstk`b, grmatmr m`kokhfms kd s`ajm `ao em moikymc, habfog tnm emozmom easmc rkutm tk hajmf` aonycrfcm jkkb fo`rmasfogjy jmss m`kokhf`aj. Pfo`m dmmcstk`b `ksts a``kuot dkr najd kd tnm prkcu`tfko `asn `kst, haoy hajmf` aonycrfcm prkcu`mrs wfjj `kovmrt kjc emozmom easmc uofts tk o-eutaom mvmo wftn tnm sjfgnt rmcu`tfko fo kutput tnm `naogm erfogs. Moc usms dkr hajmf` aonycrfcm arm jargmjy jargmjy haturm. Snm hafo usm fs fo uosaturatmc uosaturatmc pkjymstmr rmsfo, wnf`n fs usmc wftn gjass dfemr dkr ekat eufjcfog, `kostru`tfko, aoc mjm`trf`aj appjf`atfkos, aoc fo syotnmtf` harejm. Ktnmr mstaejfsnmc usms arm tnm prkcu`tfko kd dkkc a`fcs aoc agrf`ujturaj `nmhf`ajs. Omw usms dkr hajmf` aonycrfcm arm eutaomcfkj, a `nmhf`aj fotmrhmcfatm usmc fo pkjyurmtnaoms, pkjyeutyjmom tmrmpntnajatm, aoc tmtranycrkdurao prkcu`tfko. Hajmf` aonycrfcm fs okt hacm drkh emozmom fo tnm ]oftmc Ptatms, aoc prkcu`tfko ey tnfs rkutm fs mxpm`tmc tk em cfspja`mc ey o-eutaom kxfcatfko fo tnm rmst kd tnm wkrjc. Gjkeajjy, tnmrm wfjj em a sfgofdf`aot crkp fo `kosuhptfko kd emozmom dkr hajmf` aonycrfcm prkcu`tfko fo `khfog ymars. =.1.1.6 Ktnmr
Ktnmr usms kd emozmom fo`jucm tnm prkcu`tfko kd rmskr`fokj, wnf`n fs a emozmom rfog wftn twk nycrkxyj grkups fo tnm krtnk-`kodfguratfko. Hkst rmskr`fokj fs `kosuhmc fo tnm haouda`turm kd nfgn pmrdkrhao`m acnmsfvm usmc fo tfrms aoc jahfoatmc emahs. Snm rmst fs usmc fo pnarha`mutf`aj aoc cym haouda`turfog. Emozmom fs ajsk usmc fo habfog a varfmty kd ktnmr ktnmr prkcu`ts su`n as efpnmoyj aoc trfpnmoyj. Pkhm emozmom fs usmc as a skjvmot, eut tnfs appjf`atfko nas cm`jfomc em`ausm kd nmajtn n majtn `ko`mros rmjatfog tk emozmom's `ar`fokgmof` prkpmrtfms. Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
115
Pm`tfko =
=.1.5
Harbmt Aoajysfs
Skjumom
=.1.5.1 Fotrkcu`tfko
Skjumom fs prfharfjy usmc as a `khpkomot fo gaskjfom, aoc fs mxtra`tmc drkh rmdkrhatm kr ktnmr skur`ms. @kotrkjs ko tnm tktaj tktaj arkhatf`s `kotmot fo fo gaskjfom wfjj em jmss strfogmot tnao tnksm rmjatfog tk emozmom2 tnm ejmocfog vajum kd tkjumom fs arkuoc 1< pmr`mot nfgnmr tnao emozmom's. Kd tnm tkjumom mxtra`tmc kr ktnmrwfsm prkcu`mc, tnm jargmst sfogjm usm fs dkr tnm prkcu`tfko kd emozmom ey cmajbyjatfko kr tnm prkcu`tfko kd ektn emozmom aoc xyjmoms ey cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko. Snm ktnmr tkjumom appjf`atfkos arm kutjfomc emjkw. =.1.5.5 Pkjvmots
Skjumom, a pkwmrduj krgaof` skjvmot, fs usmc fo haoy appjf`atfkos fo`jucfog pafots aoc `katfogs, acnmsfvms aoc smajaots, prfotfog fobs, hmtaj `jmaomrs, aoc pmstf`fcms. Snmrm fs a gmomraj trmoc away drkh tnm usm kd krgaof` skjvmots, partf`ujarjy arkhatf`s em`ausm kd cfrm`t nmajtn `ko`mros aoc `ures ko k o TK@ mhfssfkos. =.1.5.0 Skjumom Cff Cffsk`yaoatm sk`yaoatm
Skjumom cffsk`yaoatm (SCF) fs prkcu`mc ey tnm cfoftratfko kd tkjumom wftn oftrf` a`fc fo tnm prmsmo`m kd sujdurf` a`fc, dkjjkwmc ey `atajytf` nycrkgmoatfko aoc rma`tfko wftn pnksgmom. SCF, mhpfrf`aj dkrhuja @N0@4N=(O@K)5, fs okrhajjy prkcu`mc as a hfxturm kd fskhmrs, ajtnkugn purm 5,3-SCF `ao em hacm fd rmqufrmc. SCF fs tnm easf` raw hatmrfaj kd pkjyurmtnaom dkah prkcu`tfko. Snm pkjyurmtnaom fs prkcu`mc ey tnm rma`tfko kd SCF wftn gjy`mrkj, pkjyprkpyjmom kxfcm, wftn a rma`tfko prkcu`t kd trfhmtnyjkjprkpaom aoc prkpyjmom kxfcm, kr ktnmr apprkprfatm pkjykjs. Watmr fs kdtmo kdtmo usmc as tnm dkahfog agmot em`ausm ft gmomratms `areko cfkxfcm aoc ahfoms fo rma`tfko wftn SCF. Snm hafo cmhaoc fs dkr djmxfejm urmtnaom dkahs, dkjjkwmc ey mjastkhmrf` dkahs aoc rfgfc dkahs dkr appjfao`ms su`n as rmdrfgmratkrs. =.1.5.3 \nmokj
\nmokj, dkr tnm hkst part, fs prkcu`mc drkh `uhmom. A shajj quaotfty fs cmrfvmc drkh tkjumom. Snm tkjumom fs dfrst kxfcfzmc tk emozkf` a`fc, tnmo uocmrgkms cm`arekxyjatfko wftn kxygmo tk dkrh pnmokj aoc `areko cfkxfcm. =.1.5.= @aprkja`tah
@aprkja`tah fs prkcu`mc ey a ouhemr kd rkutms, fo`jucfog tnksm easmc ko pnmokj aoc `y`jknmxaom. Snm prk`mss easmc ko tkjumom fo`jucms kxfcatfko tk emozkf` a`fc, dkjjkwmc ey nycrkgmoatfko tk `y`jknmxaom aoc `arekxyjf` a`fc. @aprkja`tah fs tnmo prkcu`mc ey rma`tfko wftn oftrksyjsujdurf` a`fc.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
110
Pm`tfko =
Harbmt Aoajysfs
Oyjko cmhaoc, aoc tnus `aprkja`tah cmhaoc, fs cm`jfofog fo tnm hafo focustrfaj rmgfkos. Snm tkjumom easmc prkcu`tfko prk`mssms arm jfbmjy tk `jksm dfrst. =.1.5.4 Ktnmr
Ktnmr usms kd tkjumom fo`jucm tnm prkcu`tfko kd9
Emozkf` a`fc, ao fotmrhmcfatm fo tnm prkcu`tfko kd emozkyj `njkrfcm aoc pjastf`fzmrs su`n as eutyj emozkatm Emozyj `njkrfcm, wnf`n `ao em prkcu`mc cfrm`tjy ey `njkrfoatfko kd tkjumom aoc wnf`n fs usmc as ao fotmrhmcfatm fo tnm prkcu`tfko kd varfkus pjastf`fzmrs, aoc fo skaps, pmrduhms, aoc djavkrfog agmots Tfoyjtkjumom, prkcu`mc ey ajbyjatfko wftn mtnyjmom dkjjkwmc ey cmnycrkgmoatfko, aoc usmc as a rmsfo hkcfdfmr fo uosaturatmc pkjymstmr p kjymstmr rmsfos Skjumomsujdkof` a`fc, usmc hafojy dkr `kovmrsfko tk para-`rmskj, drkh wnf`n aotfkxfcaots arm prkcu`mc
Skjumomsujdkoyj `njkrfcm
=.5
]OFSMC PSASMP
=.5.1
@kosuhptfko
Apprkxfhatmjy 3= pmr`mot kd tnm emozmom fo tnm ]oftmc Ptatms fs `kosuhmc fo tnm prkcu`tfko kd mtnyjemozmom dkr styrmom. Fts grkwtn fs hkcmst cum tk jkw pkjystyrmom pkjystyrmom prkcu`tfko grkwtn aoc a prkim`tmc rmcu`tfko fo styrmom mxpkrts. @uhmom fs tnm omxt jargmst emozmom cmrfvatfvm fo tnm ]oftmc Ptatms aoc habms up aekut 5> pmr`mot kd tnm tktaj `kosuhptfko. `kosuhptfko. @y`jknmxaom, oftrkemozmom aoc JAE `kosuhm hkst kd tnm rmst kd tnm emozmom wftnfo tnm ]oftmc Ptatms. Ptatms. ]oftmc Ptatms emozmom `kosuhptfko fs snkwo fo Dfgurm =.1. Hkrm tnao 7= pmr`mot kd tnm tkjumom `nmhf`aj usm fs dkr emozmom aoc xyjmoms ( para para-xyjmom) prkcu`tfko vfa cmajbyjatfko, cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko aoc traosajbyjatfko. Snm omxt jargmst `nmhf`aj usagm dkr tkjumom fs SCF. SCF. Skjumom fs ajsk usmc as a skjvmot, eut tnfs moc usm usm nas emmo cm`jfofog cum tk hkrm strfogmot afr quajfty rmgujatfko.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
113
Pm`tfko =
Harbmt Aoajysfs
Dfgur m =.1 ].P. Emozmom Emozmom Moc-]sm \attmro
JAE/EAE 5%
Oftrkemozmom 1<%
@y`jknmxaom 10% Ptyrmom 3=%
Ktnmrs 5%
@uhmom 5>% Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nart s.xjs
=.5.5
Puppjy
Snm emozmom aoc tkjumom `apa`fty wftnfo tnm ]oftmc Ptatms nas emmo mssmotfajjy djat sfo`m tnm jatm 166
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
11=
Pm`tfko =
Harbmt Aoajysfs
Saejm =.1 ].P. Emozmom aoc Skjumom @apa`fty, 5<<4 @ k h p ao y
Ajko ko ASK ASKDFO ASK ASKDFO EAPD DFOA E\ E\ E\ E\ E\ E\ Ahk`k E\ Ahk`k E\ Ahk`k @najhmttm Umdfofog @najhmttm Umdfofog @nmvrko @nmvrko \nfjjfps @nmvrko \nfjjfps @nmvrko \nfjjfps @nmvrko \nfjjfps @nmvrko \nfjjfps @nmvrko Smxa`k @ftgk @ftgk @ftgk @ftgk @ftgk @kastaj @kastaj @kastaj @kok`k\nfjjfps @kok`k\nfjjfps @kok`k\nfjjfps @kok`k\nfjjfps Ckw Ckw Ckw Mj \ask Momrgy Mj \ask Momrgy Mj \ask Momrgy Mqufjko Mqufstar Mqufstar Mqufstar Mqufstar MxxkoHkefj MxxkoHkefj MxxkoHkefj MxxkoHkefj MxxkoHkefj MxxkoHkefj MxxkoHkefj MxxkoHkefj Djfot Nfjjs Umskur`ms Djfot Nfjjs Umskur`ms Djfot Nfjjs Umskur`ms Djfot Nfjjs Umskur`ms Drkotfmr Kfj Nkvmosa Nkvmosa Nuotshao Bk`n Focustrfms Bk`n Focustrfms Bk`n Focustrfms Bk`n Focustrfms Jykocmjj-@FSGK Umdfofog Jykocmjj-@FSGK Umdfofog Haratnko Asnjaoc Haratnko Asnjaoc Hktfva OKTA @nmhf`ajs \nfjjfps \nfjjfps \rmh`kr \rmh`kr Pnmjj Pnmjj Puok`k Puok`k Puok`k Puok`k Puok`k Sks`k Sks`k Sktaj \mtrk`nmhf`ajs Sktaj \mtrk`nmhf`ajs ]jtrahar Cfahkoc Pnahrk`b Tajmrk Tajmrk Tajmrk Tajmrk SKSAJ
@ap`fty, bta Emozm Emozmom om Skjumo Skjumom m
J k` at f ko
Efg Pprfog, og, S^ S^ \krt \krt Artnu Artnur, S^ \krt \krt Artnu Artnur, S^ \krt Artnur, S^ Cm`atur, AJ Smxas @fty, S^ Smxas @fty, S^ Smxas @fty, S^ Smxas @fty, S^ Smxas @fty, S^ Smxas @fty, S^ Smxas @fty, S^ @najhmttm, JA @najhmttm, JA Uf`nhkoc, @ Guayaha, \U \as`agkuja, HP \krt Artnur, S^ Pwmmoy, S^ Guayaha, \U Uf`nhkoc, @ Jmhkot, FJ @krpus @nrfstf, S^ Jabm @narjms, JA Jmhkot, FJ @krpus @nrfstf, S^ @krpus @nrfstf, S^ @krpus @nrfstf, S^ Wmstvfjjm, OI Ajjfao`m, JA Ajjfao`m, JA Pwmmoy, S^ Wkkc Ufvmr, FJ \jaqumhfom, J Drmmpkrt, S^ \jaqumhfom, J @krpus @nrfstf, S^ @krpus @nrfstf, S^ Wmstvfjjm, OI Wkkc Ufvmr, FJ @krpus @nrfstf, S^ @naoomjvfmw, S^ @nk`kjatm Eayku, S^ @krpus @nrfstf, S^ Eatko Ukugm, J Eaytkwo, S^ Emauhkot, S^ Eatko Ukugm, J Eaytkwo, S^ Emauhkot, S^ Eaytkwo, S^ Emauhkot, S^ @krpus @nrfstf, S^ @krpus @nrfstf, S^ @krpus @nrfstf, S^ @krpus @nrfstf, S^ Mj Ckrack, BP Pt. @rkfx, TF Pt. @rkfx, TF \krt Artnur, S^ @krpus @nrfstf, S^ @krpus @nrfstf, S^ @krpus @nrfstf, S^ @krpus @nrfstf, S^ Nkustko, S^ S^ Nkustko, S^ @atjmttseurg, BV Smxas @fty, S^ Cmjawarm @fty, CM Eaypkrt, S^ Ajjfao`m, JA Ajjfao`m, JA Jfha, KN Jfha, KN Cmmr \arb, S^ Cmmr \arb, S^ Har`us Nkkb, \ \nfjacmjpnfa, \ Skjmck, KN Wmstvfjjm, OI Har`us Nkkb, \ Ajjfao`m, JA Ajjfao`m, JA \krt Artnur, S^ \krt Artnur, S^ Snrmm Ufvmrs, S^ Jfha, KN @krpus @nrfstf, S^ Jfha, KN Snrmm Ufvmrs, S^
37 < < 117
14=
45 =0 06 5< 71>
>= 547 033 < < < 47 >5 < < =1< < < < 10= 47 147 514 5< 4> < < < 177 6< 6< 5<< 067 54< 547 < < < < 1<< 5>0 000 53< 517 5<< 00 144 017 5=< >3 017 147 1=< 1>3 547 =< 160 4< 46 < < < < 103 3< 1>0 50 37 =< < < < < 0<4 0<4 5<< 44 =7 =< 00 < < 1<< >0 < 544 =< 15< =4
44 376 >=0 475
6,=50
1<,=>5
1=<
173
040 336 450 =4
16> 535 =77
00
6<
3<0 36= 103 ==7
04< 1<= 44 115
>50 0<< 17> 537 133
5>6
103 1<> 3=
\r k`mss
Umdkr Umdkrh hatmmxtra mxtra`tf `tfko ko Umdkrha dkrhatm mxtra mxtra`tf `tfko ko SC\ SC\ \ygas mxtra`tfko Fskhmrfzatfko aoc dra`tfkoatfko Fskhmrfzatfko aoc dra`tfkoatfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Pmjm`tfvm SC\ \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Pmjm`tfvm SC\ Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Pmjm`tfvm SC\ Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Arkhax Arkhax Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko @kaj tar Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ NC Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko NC Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko NC \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko NC Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko NC \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Pmjm`tfvm SC\ Pmjm`tfvm SC\ NC Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Pmjm`tfvm SC\ Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ \ygas mxtra`tfko NC Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Pmjm`tfvm SC\ Umdkrhatm mx mxtra`tfko SC\ Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko NC NC Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko NC Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ NC Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko NC Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[taejms.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
114
Pm`tfko =
=.5.0
Harbmt Aoajysfs
Puppjy, Cmhaoc aoc Sracm
Wftn jfhftmc pjaos dkr omw arkhatf`s `apa`fty fo tnm duturm, tnm ]oftmc Ptatms fs mxpm`tmc tk rmhafo tnm jargmst omt fhpkrtmr fo fo tnm rmgfko. Kpmratfog ratms navm rm`kvmrmc drkh tnm nurrf`aoms kd 5<<=. Snm ]oftmc Ptatms suppjy aoc cmhaoc eajao`m fs snkwo fo Saejm =.5.
Saejm =.5 ].P. Emozmom Puppj y, Cmhaoc aoc Sracm (tnkusaoc hmtrf` tkos) Dfrh @apa`fty Ppm`ujatfvm @apa`fty Sktaj @apa`f ty
5<<1 6,>75 < 6,>75
5<<5 6,7=3 < 6,7=3
5<<0 6,7=0 < 6,7=0
5<<3 6,4>< < 6,4>< 6,4><
5<<= 6,=30 < 6,=30
5<<4 6,4=3 < 6,4=3
5<<7 6,4=3 1=1 6,><=
5<<> 6,4>< 5=< 6,60<
5<<6 5<1< 6,4=3 6,4=3 0<1 =<1 6,6=3 6,6=3 1<,1=3
\rkcu \rk cu`tf `tf ko Kpmratfog Kpmratfog Uatm
4,>33 46%
7,06> 74%
7,>6> >1%
7,64< >5%
7,054 77%
7,645 >5%
>,<07 >5%
>,<7< >1%
7,6>3 ><%
Omt Omt Mxpkrts Mxpkrts @kosuh @ko suhpt ptfko fko
(606) (1,504) (1,511) (1,507) (1,=0>) (1,560) (1,354) (1,33<) (1,=10) (1,036) 7,7>0 >,400 6,11< 6,167 >,>43 6,544 6,37< 6,=16 6,=10 6,34=
=.0
WMPSMUO M]UK\M
=.0.1
@kosuhptfko
>,1<1 ><%
Aekut 36 pmr`mot kd tnm emozmom fo Wmstmro Murkpm fs `kosuhmc ey tnm prkcu`tfko kd mtnyjemozmom (dkr styrmom) dkjjkwmc ey `uhmom (50 pmr`mot). Oftrkemozmom aoc `y`jknmxaom a``kuot dkr hkst kd tnm rmhafofog cmhaoc (15 aoc 11 pmr`mot, rmspm`tfvmjy). Kvmrajj `kosuhptfko fs mxpm`tmc tk snkw haturm haturm grkwtn ratms tnrkugnkut tnm kutjkkb pmrfkc. pmrfkc. Snm mocusm pattmro dkr emozmom wftnfo Wmstmro Murkpm fs snkwo fo Dfgurm =.5. Skjumom fs prkcu`mc fo grmatmr quaotftfms tnao rmqufrmc dkr `nmhf`aj usms aoc fs tnmrmdkrm `kosuhmc as a gaskjfom ejmocstk`b aoc `kovmrtmc fotk emozmom aoc xyjmoms.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
117
Pm`tfko =
Harbmt Aoajysfs
Dfgur m =.5 Wmstmro Murkpm Emozmom Moc-]sm \attmro Oftrkemozmom 15% JAE/EAE 5% @y`jknmxaom 11%
Ptyrmom 36%
Ktnmrs 0%
@uhmom 50% Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31 <1.<<<7.31<4[`nart <4[`nart s.xjs
=.0.5
Puppjy
Snmrm arm ouhmrkus skur`ms kd arkhatf`s prkcu`tfko fo Wmstmro Murkpm aoc ma`n arkhatf`s `khpjmx fs uofqum. Sracftfkoajjy, a sfgofdf`aot quaotfty kd tnm arkhatf`s prkcu`mc fo Murkpmao rmdkrhmrs nas emmo ejmocmc ejmocmc fotk gaskjfom. Snfs pra`tf`m nas emmo rmstrf`tmc uocmr tnm Murkpmao Autk Kfj jmgfsjatfko. Nkwmvmr, tnm mddm`t kd tnm 0= pmr`mot uppmr arkhatf`s jfhft jfhft fo gaskjfom fs okt mxpm`tmc tk em crahatf`, as hkst prkcu`mrs navm ajrmacy hkvmc tk wftnfo a dmw pmr`mot kd tnm jfhft. Gaskjfom prkcu`mrs kpmratfog djufc `atajytf` `ra`bmr `ra`bmr (D@@) uofts okrhajjy navm ok prkejmh fo hmmtfog tnm 0= pmr`mot arkhatf`s jfhft, aoc `ao ejmoc fo a prkpkrtfko kd arkhatf` strmahs as jkog as tnmy ck okt `kotafo sfgofdf`aot quaotftfms kd emozmom. Arkhatf`s raddfoatm raddfoatm strmahs typf`ajjy navm a nfgn k`taom ratfog, aoc arm jkw fo sujdur, aoc tnmrmdkrm arm attra`tfvm tk gaskjfom ejmocmrs. Phajjmr rmdfomrfms wftnkut D@@ uofts uofts typf`ajjy usm sfgofdf`aot quaotftfms kd rmdkrhatm tk rma`n tnm rmqufrmc k`taom jmvmj. Snm sm`koc pnasm kd tnm arkhatf`s rmcu`tfko fs jmacfog tk hkrm HSEM, ao ajtmroatm k`taom monao`mr, emfog ejmocmc fotk gaskjfom. Fo 5<<=, nfgn gaskjfom prf`ms aoc rmdfomry cfsruptfko ajkog tnm ]PG@ `ausmc ey smvmrm nurrf`aoms jmc tk rm`krc nfgn prf`ms dkr dkr gaskjfom ejmoc `khpkomots fo`jucfog HSEM aoc arkhatf`s. Nkwmvmr, HSEM suppjfms arm mxpm`tmc tk fo`rmasm as tnm ].P. pnasms kut HSEM usm aoc tnm Hfccjm Mast fovmsts fo omw `apa`fty. Snm omxt pnasm kd gaskjfom jmgfsjatfko `naogms wfjj em crfvmo ey tnm Murkpmao ]ofko‖s foftfatfvm tkwarc rmomwaejm skur`ms kd momrgy aoc efkcfmsmj dumjs su`n as mtnaokj aoc MSEM. Emozmom prkcu`tfko fo Wmstmro Murkpm fs nmavfjy fodjumo`mc ey mtnyjmom prkcu`tfko, wnf`n gmomratms tnm pygas eyprkcu`t aoc fs tnm haikr skur`m kd emozmom fo Murkpm. As tnm emozmom fo pygas `ao ok jkogmr em ejmocmc fotk gaskjfom fo sfgofdf`aot quaotftfms, fo`rmhmotaj mtnyjmom prkcu`tfko okrhajjy om`mssftatms tnm prkcu`tfko kd a prkpkrtfkoatm quaotfty kd emozmom.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
11>
Pm`tfko =
Harbmt Aoajysfs
\rkcu`tfko kd emozmom drkh emozkjm nas moikymc a shajj rmvfvaj as fts m`kokhf`s arm hkrm attra`tfvm fo pmrfkcs kd nfgn kfj/emozmom prf`fog. Snm harbmt prf`m kd emozkjm fs djmxfejm nkwmvmr, sk hu`n kd tnm emomdft drkh tnm rm`mot nfgn emozmom prf`ms fs emjfmvmc tk navm gkom tk tnm `kbm/emozkjm prkcu`mrs. Dkr hkst prkcu`mrs kd arkhatf`s, tkjumom fs surpjus tk `nmhf`aj rmqufrmhmots, aoc cmajbyjatfko fs avafjaejm as ao ajtmroatfvm tk ejmocfog tkjumom ea`b fotk gaskjfom. Snmrm arm smvmraj emozmom mxpaosfko pjaoomc fo tnm omxt dmw ymars. Fo 5<<4 @M\PA startmc up a omw arkhatf`s pjaot mhpjkyfog @nmvrko‖s Arkhax® tm`nokjkgy at fts mxfstfog rmdfomry fo Numjva, Ppafo. Snm emozmom wfjj em usmc tk dmmc a omw `uhmom/pnmokj pjaot ey tnm `khpaoy‖s pmtrk`nmhf`aj suesfcfary Mrtfsa. Ajsk fo 5<<4, fo Sarragkoa, Ppafo Umpskj V\D nas `khhfssfkomc a emozmom mxtra`tfko uoft tk dmmc tnm tnm `khpaoy‖s \KPH uoft. Snm accftfkoaj emozmom wfjj em mxtra`tmc drkh ektn pygas aoc rmdkrhatm skur`ms. Fo Aotwmrp EAPD fs accfog acc fog a omw duroa`m tk fts oapntna `ra`bmr dkr `khhfssfkofog `khhfssfkofog fo jatm 5<<7. Wftn tnfs fovmsthmot, fovmsthmot, ao fo`rmasm fo emozmom mxtra`tfko `apa`fty fs ajsk mxpm`tmc. A jfst kd tnm Wmstmro Murkprm emozmom aoc tkjumom `apa`ftfms fs snkwo fo Saejm =.0.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
116
Pm`tfko =
Harbmt Aoajysfs
Saejm =.0 Wmstmro Murkpm E mozmom aoc Skjumom @apa`fty, 5<<4 @k u o t r y
@k h p ao y
J k ` at f k o
Emjgfuh Emjgfuh Emjgfuh Emjgfuh Emjgfuh Emjgfuh Emjgfuh Dfojaoc Drao`m Drao`m Drao`m Drao`m Drao`m Drao`m Drao`m Drao`m Drao`m Drao`m Drao`m Dr ao`m Drao`m Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Gmrhaoy Ftajy Ftajy Ftajy Ftajy Ftajy Ftajy Ftajy Ftajy Ftajy Ftajy Ftajy Ftajy Ftajy Ftajy Ftajy Ftajy Ftajy Ftajy Omtnmrjaocs Omtnmrjaocs Omtnmrjaocs Omtnmrjaocs Omtnmrjaocs Omtnmrjaocs Omtnmrjaocs Omtnmrjaocs \krtugaj Ppafo Ppafo Ppafo Ppafo Ppafo Ppafo Ppafo ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]of tmc Bf ogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh ]oftmc Bfogckh SKSAJ
EAPD E\ E\ Ahk`k Dfoa Aotwmrp Kjmdfos Uutgmrs Sktaj \mtrk`nmhf`ajs SKSAJDFOAMJD Ekrmajfs A\ Dmyzfo ASKDFOA ASKDFOA ASKDFOA ASKDFOA Gmxark Pnmjj Sktaj \mtrk`nmhf`ajs Sktaj \mtrk`nmhf`ajs Sktaj \mtrk`nmhf`ajs Sktaj \mtrk`nmhf`ajs Skt aj \mt rk`nmhf`aj s SKSAJDFOAMJD Araj Arkhatf`s EAPD EAPD E\ Bkjo EPJ Kjmdfovmreuoc EPJ Kjmdfovmreuoc CMA CMA CMA Mrckmj`nmhfm Nkjekro Fomks Fookvmom Bkjo KHT \@B Uunr Kmj Uunr Kmj Uunr Kmj Uunr Kmj Pnmjj Pnmjj Pnmjj Pnmjj Pnmjj Pnmjj Pnmjj & CMA Kfj Pnmjj & CMA Kfj Pnmjj & CMA Kfj Wfotmrsnajj Wfotmrsnajj Wfotmrsnajj Mof@nmh Mof@nmh Mof@nmh Mof@nmh Mof@nmh Mof@nmh Mof@nmh Mof@nmh Mof@nmh \kjfhmrf Murkpa \kjfhmrf Murkpa \kjfhmrf Murkpa \kjfhmrf Murkpa \kjfhmrf Murkpa \kjfhmrf Murkpa Pyocfaj Pyocfaj Pyocfaj Ckw Ckw CPH MxxkoHkefj MxxkoHkefj PAEF@ Murkpm Pnmjj SKSAJDF OAMJD \mtrkgaj @M\PA @M\PA @M\PA @M\PA @M\PA Umpskj V\D Umpskj V\D Eftha` E\ E\ E\ Ahk`k E\ Ahk`k @kok`k @kok`k @kok`k\nfjjfps @kok`k\nfjjfps NFN NFN NFN Nuotshao Nuotshao Nuotshao Nuotshao Fomks Fomks Fookvmom Fookvmom PAEF@ ]B PAEF @]B PAEF@ ]B PAEF@ ]B Pnmjj Pnmjj
Aotwmrp Gmmj Gmmj Aotwmrp Ymjzatm Aotwmrp Aotwmrp \krvkk Dmyzfo @arjfog @arjfog @arjfog Gkodrmvfjjm Javmra Emrrm @arjfog @arjfog @arjfog Gkodrmvfjjm Gkod rmvf j m Gkodrmvfjjm Gmjsmobfr`nmo Haoonmfh Haoonmfh Ckrhagmo Eknjmo Ek Eknjmo Wmssmjfog Nmfcm Wmssmjfog Ckrhagmo Naheurg Ckrhagmo Ckrhagmo Eurgnausmo P`nwmct Gmjsmobfr`nmo Gmjsmobfr`nmo Gmjsmobfr`nmo Gmjsmobfr`nmo Gkckrd Gkckrd Wmssmjfog Gkckrd Nmfcm Wmssmjfog Wmssmjfog Nmfcm Wmssmjfog Jfogmo Jfogmo Haoonmfh \krtk Skrrms \rfkjk \krtk Hargnmra \krtk Skrrms \rfkjk \rfkjk Parrk`n \rfkjk \krtk Skrrms \r \rfkjk \krtk Hargnmra \rfkjk \rfkjk Parrk`n \rfkjk \krtk Skrrms \krtk Skrrms \krtk Skrrms Smromuzmo Smromuzmo Gmjmmo Ektjmb Ektjmb Gmjmmo Hkmrcfib Tj fssf ogmo Kpkrtk Numjva Numjva Ajgm`fras Numjva Ajgm`fras \umrtkjjaok Sarragkoa Jjaowmro Graogmhkutn Graogmhkutn Graogmhkutn Graogmhkutn Fhhfognah Fhhfognah Fhhfognah Fhhfognah Okrtn Smms Okrtn Smms Okrtn Smms Okrtn Smms Okrtn Smms Okrtn Smms Okrtn Smms Graogmhkutn Graogmhkutn Graogmhkutn Graogmhkutn Okrtn Smms Okr tn Smms Okrtn Smms Okrtn Smms Ptaojkw Ptaojkw
@ap`fty, bta E mo mo zm zm om om S kj kj u mo mo m 5=> 4= 4< < 17< 43 5=< < 13> 11< 3< < < < < 53< < =< 6= 1>= 5<< 14< 30< < 5=< 0< 1=< 1=< >< < 117 5<< < < < < 4= 17= 04< < 15< 1<< >< 15< 50= 43 175 < 13= 0<= 7< 13= 1<< 1>< >< 15< 050 30 < < < 3= 0< 4< 1<= < < < < < < < < < 7= 11< =< 115 =6 5< 4< =< >< >= >= 56 0< 0<< 4<< < 0<< 0<< 16< 0=< =<< 16< >< 51= 50< 63 15< 53= 4=6 0< 15= =< 15= 1>< 3>3 < < < < < < < 6= 15< 050 < < <
5=< >< < < 16= 1== 14< 0< 1<< 1=<
1<<
1< ,0 ,0 54 54
3 ,6 ,6 =0 =0
51=
6< 54<
\r k ` ms s \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko @kaj tar Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko @kaj tar NCA \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko @kaj tar NCA \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umd kr hat mmxt ra`t fko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko @kaj tar NCA \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko NCA \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko NCA \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko NCA \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko NCA Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko NCA NCA \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Pmjm`tfvm SC\ SC\ NCA \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Pmjm`tfvm SC\ NCA \ygas mxtra`tfko SC\ NCA \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umd krhat mmxt ra`t fko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Arkhax NCA Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Pmjm`tfvm SC\ Eujb NCA Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko @kaj tar \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko NCA Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko NCA Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ Sraosajbyjatfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \y \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkr hat mmxt ra`t fko SC\ Sraosajbyjatfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[taejms.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
15<
Pm`tfko =
=.0.0
Harbmt Aoajysfs
Puppjy, Cmhaoc aoc Sracm
Wmstmro Murkpm nas emmo a omt fhpkrtmr kd emozmom fo rm`mot ymars. ymars. Wftn tnm start-up start-up kd ouhmrkus styrmom aoc `uhmom pjaots fo Asfa aoc tnm Hfccjm Mast, Wmstmro Murkpmao cmhaoc dkr emozmom fs mxpm`tmc tk cm`jfom fo tnm omar tmrh ajjkwfog Wmstmro Murkpm tk em`khm smjdsuddf`fmot fo emozmom dkr a dmw ymars. Snm Wmstmro Murkpm suppjy aoc cmhaoc eajao`m fs snkwo fo Saejm =.3.
Saejm =.3 Wmstmro Murkpm Emozmom Puppjy, Cmhaoc aoc Sracm (tnkusaoc hmtrf` tkos) Dfrh @apa`fty Ppm`ujatfvm Ppm`ujatfvm @apa`fty Sktaj Skt aj @apa`f ty
5<<1 6,307 < 6,307
5<<5 5<<0 5<<3 5<<= 5<<4 5<<7 5<<> 5<<6 5<1< 6,=05 1<,<00 1<,10< 1<,151 1<,567 1<,=71 1<,445 1<,405 1<,405 < < < < < < 1<< 1<< (1<) 6,=05 1<,<00 1<,10< 1<,151 1<,567 1<,=71 1<,745 1<,705 1<,455
\rkcu \rk cu`t `tfko fko Kpmratfog Kpmratfog Uatm
7,40= >1%
7,>>3 >0%
>,535 >5%
>,30< >0%
>,3=4 >3%
>,6<1 >4%
6,<61 >4%
6,103 >=%
6,<44 >3%
>,734 >5%
Omt Omt Mxpkrts Mxpkrts @kosu @ko suhpt hpt fko
(1=4) 7,761
(>) 7,>65
(1>5) >,353
(=44) >,664
(43>) 6,1<3
74 >,>05
(17) 6,115
73 6,<=6
37 6,<55
(=7) >,><=
=.3
APFA \A@FDF@ \A@FDF @
=.3.1
@kosuhptfko
Emozmom cmhaoc fo Asfa nas fo`rmasmc snarpjy as tnm rmgfko `kotfoums tk mxpaoc aoc erkacmo fts cmrfvatfvm easm. Wnfjm styrmom styrmom vfa mtnyjemozmom `kotfoums tk `kosuhm tnm jargmst snarm kd emozmom (== pmr`mot), `uhmom, a prm`urskr dkr pkjy`arekoatms, grmw tnm hkst rapfcjy wftn tnm start-up kd smvmraj omw pjaots pjaots fo tnm rmgfko. @y`jknmxaom fs tnm tnfrc jargmst `kosuhmr kd emozmom fo tnm rmgfko. Wnfjm tnmrm fs a gkkc cmaj kd pktmotfaj dkr grkwtn fo oyjko prkcu`tfko fo tnm rmgfko, tnmrm arm dmw pjaos dkr omw `y`jknmxaom `apa`fty. Oftrkemozmom nas nfstkrf`ajjy nfstkrf`ajjy rmprmsmotmc a shajj shajj snarm kd tnm tktaj tktaj emozmom `kosuhptfko. Nkwmvmr, tnfs cmrfvatfvm wfjj snkw strkog grkwtn drkh a rmjatfvmjy shajj easm kvmr tnm omxt dmw ymars. @urrmotjy Iapao fs tnm jargmst `kosuhmr kd emozmom fo tnm rmgfko, eut @nfoa fs mxpm`tmc tk tabm tnm jmac ey 5<<>. Focfa aoc Snafjaoc arm mxpm`tmc tk snkw rapfc grkwtn drkh a hu`n shajjmr easm. Kvmrajj emozmom `kosuhptfko fs mxpm`tmc tk snkw hkcmratm grkwtn ratms curfog tnm kutjkkb pmrfkc. Asfa \a`fdf` emozmom `kosuhptfko `kosuhptfko fs snkwo fo Dfgurm =.0. Hkrm tnao =< pmr`mot kd tnm tkjumom `kosuhmc fo Asfa dkr `nmhf`aj usm fs usmc fo tnm prkcu`tfko kd emozmom aoc xyjmoms vfa tkjumom cfsprkpkrtfkoatfko aoc dkr ko-purpksm emozmom prkcu`tfko vfa tkjumom nycrkcmajbyjatfko. Snm sm`koc jargmst usm fs dkr skjvmots, wnf`n fs mxpm`tmc tk snkw hkcmratm grkwtn.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
151
Pm`tfko =
Harbmt Aoajysfs
Dfgur m =.0 Asfa As fa \a`f \a `fdfdf`` E mozmo m Moc -]sm \att \a ttmro mro
Ktnmrs 5>%
Ptyrmom ==%
@uhmom 17% Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[`nar ts.xj s
=.3.5
Puppjy
Hkst omw haikr arkhatf`s `apa`fty accftfkos wfjj `khm ko-jfom fo Asfa aoc tnm Hfccjm Mast fo tnm kutjkkb pmrfkc. Snm hassfvm mtnyjmom cmhaoc grkwtn fo fo @nfoa nas gfvmo rfsm tk smvmraj omw jargm s`ajm jfqufc easmc `ra`bmrs fo @nfoa wftn mxtra`tfko da`fjftfms tk rm`kvmr emozmom. Pmvmraj omw accftfkos wmrm accmc fo 5<<=/5<<4 (EAPD-V\@, Ifjfo @nmhf`aj, Pm``k, aoc Hakhfog \mtrk`nmhf`aj). Ktnmrs wfjj wfjj em accmc emtwmmo 5<<7 aoc 5<<6 (@OKK@/Pnmjj (@OKK@/Pnmjj aoc Duifao Umdfomry & @nmhf`aj). Snfs trmoc wfjj `kotfoum fo tnm dkrm`ast pmrfkc pmrfkc aoc @nfoa wfjj `kotfoum tk em omarjy smjd-suddf`fmot fo emozmom. Fo accftfko Ynmonaf Umdfofog, Duifao Umdfomry aoc JG @nmh arm accfog emozmom drkh rmdkrhatm mxtra`tfko fo @nfoa curfog tnm sahm tfhmdrahm. Accftfkoaj emozmom wfjj em mxtra`tmc drkh Ynmonaf Umdfofog‖s pjaoomc `ra`bmr `khpjmx sjatmc dkr 5<1<. Fo Iapao Fcmhftsu \mtrk`nmhf`aj \mtrk`nmhf`aj rmstartmc fts hktneajjmc NCA uoft fo @nfea fo 5<<4. Ofppko Kfj nas aookuo`mc pjaos tk acc emozmom mxtra`tfko `apa`fty drkh rmdkrhatm at tnm Pmocaf rmdfomry fo 5<<>. Pfhfjarjy Basnfha Arkhatf`s Arkhatf`s fs accfog 17< bta kd emozmom mxtra`tfko `apa`fty drkh rmdkrhatm at fts pjaot. Fo Pkutn Bkrma, Pahsuog Sktaj fs `kotfoufog fts mxpaosfko ey accfog ao accftfkoaj 1=< bta kd emozmom drkh rmdkrhatm ey 5<<>. PB @krp startmc-up fts ES^ da`fjfty fo 5<<4 (>< bta). Umjfao`m (Focfa), D@D@ (Safwao), Arkhatf`s Snafjaoc aoc Snaf Kfj (Snafjaoc), aoc S\\F (Fockomsfa) arm accfog kr navm rm`motjy accmc omw `apa`fty. Fo suhhary Asfa \a`fdf` fs mxpm`tmc tk acc kvmr 0 hfjjfko tkos pmr ymar kd omw `apa`fty emtwmmo 5<<4 aoc 5<1<. A jfst kd tnm Asfa \a`fdf` emozmom aoc tkjumom `apa`ftfms fs snkwo fo Saejm =.=.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
155
Pm`tfko =
Harbmt Aoajysfs
Saejm =.= As fa \a` fdf` fd f` Emo zmom ao c Sk jumom ju mom @ap a`fty a`f ty,, 5<<4 @k u o t r y
@k h p ao y
J k ` at f k o
@nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa @nfoa Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao
Eajfog \mtrk`nmhf`aj EAPD-V\@ @OKK@ @OKK@ @P\@ Cajfao \mtrk`nmhf`aj Caqfog Gmomraj Caqfog Gmomraj Cusnaozf \mtrk`nmhf`aj Duifao Umdfomry & @nmhf`aj Duifao Umdfomry & @nmhf`aj Duifao Umdfomry & @nmhf`aj Dusnuo \mtrk`nmhf`aj Dusnuo \mtrk trk`nmhf`aj Dusnuo \mtrk`nmhf`aj Gakqfak \mtrk`nmhf`aj Guaogznku \mtrk trk`nmhf`aj Guaogznku \mtrk trk`nmhf`aj Ifjfo @nmhf`aj Ifjfo @nmhf`aj Ifjfo @nmhf`aj Ifjfo @nmhf`aj Ifojfog \mtrk`nmhf`aj Ifoxf Umdfomry Ifoznku \mtrk trk`nmhf`aj Ifuifaog \mtrk`nmhf`aj Jaoznku \mtrk`nmhf`aj Jaoznku \mtrkjmuh Jfakyaog \mtrk trk`nmhf`a f`aj Jfakyaog \mtrk`nmhf`aj Jfakyaog \mtrk trk`nmhf`aj Jfakyaog \mtrk`nmhf`aj Jukyaog \mtrk trk`nmhf`aj Hakhfog \mtrk trk`nmhf`aj Hakhfog \mtrk trk`nmhf`a f`aj Qfju \mtrk`nmhf`aj Qfju \mtrk`nmhf`aj Qfju \mtrk`nmhf`aj Qfju \mtrk`nmhf`aj Qfogcak Jfckog Pm``k Pnaognaf \mtrk trk`nmhf`a f`aj Pnaognaf \mtrk trk`nmhf`aj Pnaognaf \mtrk`nmhf`aj Pnfifaznuaog Umdfomry Safyuao @nmhf`aj Sfaoifo \mtrk`nmhf`aj Sfaoifo \mtrk`nmhf`aj Sfaoifo \mtrk`nmhf`aj ]ruhqf \mtrk trk`nmhf`aj ]ruhqf \mtrk`nmhf`aj ]ruhqf \mtrk`nmhf`aj Tarfkus @nfoa Wunao \mtrk`nmhf`aj Vaogzf \mtrk trk`nmhf`aj Vaogzf \mtrk`nmhf`aj Vaogzf \mtrk`nmhf`aj Vaogzf \mtrk`nmhf`aj Vaonua \mtrk`nmhf`aj Vaonua \mtrk`nmhf`aj Vaonua \mtrk`nmhf`aj Ynmonaf Umdfofog Ynmonaf Umdfofog Ynmonaf Umdfofog Ynmonaf Umdfofog Ynkogyuao \mtrk trk`nmhf`aj Ac`nmh`k @kshk Hatsuyaha Duif Kfj Duif Kfj Fcmhftsu \mtrk`nmhf`aj Fcmhftsu \mtrk`nmhf`aj Fcmhftsu \mtrk`nmhf`aj Fcmhftsu tsu \mtrk trk`nmhf`aj Fcmhftsu \mtrk`nmhf`aj Fcmhfts ftsu \mtrk trk`nmhf`a f`aj
Eajfog, Nuoao Oaoifog, Ifaogsu Ckogdaog, Nafoao Nufznku, Guaogckog Nufznku, Guaogckog Cajfao, Jfakofog Caqfog, Nmfjkogifaog Caqfog, Nmfjkogifaog Barahay, ^foifaog Duznku, Duifao Duznku, Duifao Duznku, Duifao Dusnuo, Jfakofog Dusnuo, Jfakofog Dusnuo, Jfakofog \uckog, Pnaognaf Guaogznku, Guaogckog Guaogznku, Guaogckog Ifjfo, Ifjfo Ifjfo, Ifjfo Ifjfo, Ifjfo Ifjfo, Ifjfo Oaoifog, Ifaogsu Ifoxf, Jfakofog Ifoznku, Jfakofog Ifuifaog, Ifaogxf Jaoznku, Gaosu Jaoznku, Gaosu Jfakyaog, Jfakofog Jfakyaog, Jfakofog Jfakyaog, Jfakofog fog Jfakyaog, Jfakofog Jukyaog, Nmoao Hakhfog, Guaogckog Hakhfog, Guaogckog Yfek, Pnaockog Yfek, Pnaockog Yfek, Pnaockog Yfek, Pnaockog Qfogcak, Pnaockog @akifog, Pnaognaf Ifosn fosnaowmf, Pnaognaf Ifosnaowmf, Pnaognaf Ifosnaowmf, Pnaognaf Pnfifa f aznuaog, Nmemf Sfayuao, Pnaoxf Cagaog, Sfaoifo Sfaoifo, Sfaoifo Sfaoifo, Sfaoifo ]ruhqf, ^foifaog ]ruhqf, ^foifaog ]ruhqf, ^foifaog Tarfkus @nfoa, @nfoa Wunao, Nuemf Oaoifog, Ifaogsu Oaoifog, Ifaogsu Oaoifog, Ifaogsu Oaoifog, Ifaogsu Emfifog, Emfifog Emfifog, Emfifog Emfifog, Emfifog Ofogek, Ynmifaog Ofogek, Ynmifaog Ofogek, Ynmifaog Ofogek, Ynmifaog \uyaog, Nmoao Dubuyaha Hatsuyaha, Mnfhm @nfea @nfea @nfea Skbuyaha, Vahagu`nf @nfea Skbuyaha, Vahagu`nf @nfea Skbuyaha, Vahagu`nf
@ap`fty, bta Emoz Emozmo momm Skjum Skjumom om 0> 1<5 15> 1< 57 < 554 3= 151 15< 1= 3< 4= < < < < 07 1<< 0< 0< 0= 1= 5< 14< 3= 06 1<= 3= 151 5= 47 1= 3< 1< 57 0< 07 1<< 6 5< 35 110 1<< 1<= 5>5 1=7 3< 1<> 0 1>= =< 103 1= =< =0> 1>< 1< 53< 3< 6 53 35 < 15< 050 55 5 5= 47 1< ==4 53 35 03 16< >= 556 1<> 3< 135 1< 57 < =7 1=0 1<< 546 0< =5 < 64 5=> 1<< 7= 5<5 154 >< >< 1<< 0<5 >15 1<< 546
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
\rk ` ms s Um Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Um Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra tra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Sraosajbyjatfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra tra`tfko SC\ \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra tra`tfko \ygas mxtra tra`tfko NCA \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Um Umdkrhatmmxtra tra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatmmxtra tra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Um Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Fsk Fskhmrfzatfko aoc dra dra`tfkoatfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra tra`tfko SC\ Umdkrhatmmxtra tra`tfko \ygas mxtra tra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra tra`tfk tfko Fs Fskhmrfzatfko aoc dra dra`tfkoatfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Um Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ Um Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Fsk Fskhmrfz mrfza atfk tfko aoc dra` dra`tfk tfkoatfk tfko \ygas mxtra tra`tfko SC\ Umdkrhatm mxtra tra`tfko @kaj tar \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ Fsk Fskhmrfzatfko aoc dra dra`tfkoatfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ @kaj tar Um Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Fsk Fskhmrfza fzatfko aoc dra dra`tfkoatfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Um Umdkrhatmmxtra tra`tfko SC\ NCA \ygas mxtra`tfko Um Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Um Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Um Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ \ygas mxtra`tfko @kaj tar Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko NCA Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko NCA NCA \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra tra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra tra`tfko
150
Pm`tfko =
Harbmt Aoajysfs
Saejm =.= Asfa As fa \a` fdf` fd f` Emozmom Emo zmom ao c Sk ju mom @ap a`f ty, ty , 5<<4 (`k ot‖c ot ‖c ) @k u o t ry
@k h p ao y
J k ` at f k o
Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Iapao Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma
Iapao Momrgy Iapao Momrgy Iapao Momrgy Iapao Momrgy IDM @nmhf`aj IDM @nmhf`aj Basnfha Arkhatf`s Basnfha Arkhatf`s Bawasabf Ptmmj Bykbutk Kfj Byusnu Arkhatf`s Haruzmo \mtrk`nmhf`aj Haruzmo \mtrk`nmhf`aj Hftsuefsnf @nmhf`aj Hftsuefsnf @nmhf`aj Hftsuefsnf @nmhf`aj Hftsuf Ofppko Hftsuefsnf Kfj Ofppko Hftsuefsnf Kfj Ofppko Hftsuefsnf Kfj Ofppko Hftsuefsnf Kfj Ofppko Kfj Ofppko Kfj Ofppko Kfj Ofppko Kfj Ofppko Kfj Ofppko Kfj Ofppko Kfj Ofppko \mtrk`nmhf`ajs Ofppko Ptmmj @nmhf`aj Ofppko Ptmmj @nmhf`aj Ofppko Ptmmj @nmhf`aj Ksaba \mtrk`nmhf`aj Paoyk \mtrk`nmhf`ajs Paoyk \mtrk`nmhf`ajs Pmfeu Kfj Pnkwa Vkbbaf`nf Puhftkhk Safyk Kfj Safyk Kfj Ska Kfj Skomo @nmhf`aj Skomo @nmhf`aj Skomo Gmomraj Pmbfyu Skomo Gmomraj Pmbfyu Skomo Gmomraj Pmbfyu Skomo Gmomraj Pmbfyu Skskn @krpkratfko ]bfsnfha Arkhatf`s C@ @nmhf`aj GP-@ajtmx GP-@ajtmx GP-@ajtmx GP-@ajtmx GP-@ajtmx Nkoah Nkoah Nyuocaf Kfj Nyuocaf Kfj Nyuocaf Kfjeaob Nyuocaf Kfjeaob Nyuocaf \mtrk`nmhf`aj Nyuocaf \mtrk`nmhf`aj Nyuocaf \mtrk`nmhf`aj Fo`nko Kfj Fo`nko Kfj Bknap Bknap Bkrma Ptmmj @nmhf`aj B\ @nmhf`aj B\ @nmhf`aj JG Camsao JG Camsao
Hfzusnfha Oagkya Hfzusnfha Oagkya @nfea Dubuyaha Basnfha, Fearabf Basnfha, Fearabf @nfea @nfea Kfta @fty, Kfta @nfea @nfea Basnfha, Fearabf Basnfha, Fearabf Hfzusnfha @nfea Hfzusnfha Hurkrao Omgfsnf Hfzusnfha Harfdu Harfdu Hfzusnfha Hurkrao Omgfsnf Pmocaf, Hfyagf Hfzusnfha Bawasabf Nfrknata Kfta @fty, Kfta Kfta @fty, Kfta Ksaba, Ksaba Hfzusnfha Hfzusnfha Vahagu`nf Vkbbaf`nf, Hfm @nfea Mnfhm Mnfhm Bawasabf Bawasabf Wabayaha Pabaf, Ksaba Bawasabf Pabaf, Ksaba Wabayaha Vkbbaf`nf, Hfm Bawasabf Bwaogyaog Vmk`nko Vmk`nko Vmk`nko Vmk`nko Vmk`nko Vmk`nko Vmk`nko Camsao Camsao Camsao Camsao Camsao Camsao Camsao Fo`nko Fo`nko ]jsao ]jsao Bwaogyaog ]jsao ]jsao Camsao Camsao
@ap`fty, bta E mo zmo m Sk ju ju mo mo m 4= 1<< 0= 63 47 1>< 155 43 > < < 75 163 1<< 1=< 5=< >= 1>< 5>5 51< 13= < < < < 1<< 1<= 5>5 51< =4= 1<4 5>= 175 340 < 51> 7> 1<7 46 1>< >< 1=> 35= 10< 17< 135 3< 1<> 6< 535 155 50< 14< 301 == 13> < < 1< >< 51= 35 1>< 11= 0<6 1=3 4= 4< 11< 16 1=< 3<0 113 0<7 0>< =< 1>< 6< 7> < < 45 147 0> < < < 15 3 < < < 0< >1 7< =< 6<
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
\r k ` m s s NC NC Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko @kaj tar @kaj tar Fskhmrfzatfko aoc dra`tfkoatfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko @kaj tar Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Sraosajbyjatfko NC \ygas mxtra`tfko NC \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Pmjm`tfvm SC\ NC Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Pmjm`tfvm SC\ \ygas mxtra`tfko @kaj tar NC Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko NC \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko NC Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Fskhmrfzatfko aoc dra`tfkoatfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Sraosajbyjatfko @kaj tar Fskhmrfzatfko aoc dra`tfkoatfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Pmjm`tfvm SC\ SC\ \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Sraosajbyjatfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Sraosajbyjatfko NC \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ @kaj tar Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ NC \ygas mxtra`tfko
153
Pm`tfko =
Harbmt Aoajysfs
Saejm =.= Asfa As fa \a` fdf` fd f` Emozmom Emo zmom ao c Sk ju mom @ap a`f ty, ty , 5<<4 (`k ot‖c ot ‖c ) @k u o t r y Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Pkutn Bkrma Safwao Safwao Safwao Safwao Safwao Safwao Safwao Safwao Safwao Safwao Safwao Safwao Safwao Aus Austrajfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Focfa Fockomsfa Fockomsfa Fockomsfa Fockomsfa Hajaysfa Hajaysfa Hajaysfa Hajaysfa Pfogapkrm Pfogapkrm Pfogapkrm Pfogapkrm Pfogapkrm Pfogapkrm Pfogapkrm Snafjaoc Snafjaoc Snafjaoc Snafjaoc Snafjaoc Snafjaoc Snafjaoc Snafjaoc Snafjaoc Snafjaoc Snafjaoc Snafjaoc SKSAJ
@k h p ao y
J k ` at f k o
Pahsuog Sktaj Pahsuog Sktaj Pahsuog Sktaj PB @krp PB @krp PB @krp PB @krp PB Fo`nmko Kfj PB Fo`nmko Kfj VO@@ VO@@ VO@@ @\@ @\@ @\@ @\@ @\ @\@ D@D@ D@D@ D@D@ D@D@ D@D@ D@D@ D@D@ D@D@ Nuotsh tshao Enarat \mtrkjmuh Ekbnark Ptmmj Ekogafgako Umdfomrfms Najcfa Nfocustao Ptmmj Focfao Kfj @krp. Focfao Kfj @krp. Fo Focfao Kfj @krp. F\@J Bk`nf Umdfomrfms Haogajkrm Umdfomry OK@FJ KOG@ KOG@ Kswaj Agrk Umjfao`m Umjfao`m Umjfao`m Umjfao`m Umjfao`m \mrtahfoa \mrtahfoa S\\F S\\F Arkhatf`s Hajaysfa Arkhatf`s Hajaysfa Sftao \mt`nmh Sftao \mtrk`nmhf`ajs MxxkoHkefj MxxkoHkefj MxxkoHkefj \@P Pfogapkrm Pnmjj Pfogapkrm Arkhatf`s Pfogapkrm Arkhatf`s Arkhatf`s (Snafjaoc) Arkhatf`s (Snafjaoc) Arkhatf`s (Snafjaoc) Arkhatf`s (Snafjaoc) Arkhatf`s (Snafjaoc) MxxkoHkefj FU FU\@ Hap Sa \nut Kjmdfos Uaykog Kjmdfos Snaf Kfj Sn Snaf Kfj S\F
Camsao Camsao Camsao ]jsao ]jsao ]jsao ]jsao Fo`nko Fo`nko Vmk`nko Vmk`nko Vmk`nko Baknsfuog @fty Baknsfuog @fty Jfoyuao Jfoyuao Baknsfuog @fty Hafjfak Hafjfak Hafjfak Hafjfak Hafjfak Hafjfak Hafjfak Hafjfak Wmst Dkkts`r ts`ray ay Huheaf Ekbnark Ekogafgako Najcfa, Wmst Emogaj Tarfkus Focfa Bkyajf \aofpat \aofpat Tackcara, Guiarat Bk`nf, Bmraja Haogajkrm Snaom, Hanarasntra Canmi, Guiarat Haogajkrm Snrkheay Nazfra, Guiarat Iahoagar, Guiarat \atajgaoga Iahoagar, Guiarat \atajgaoga @fjf`ap @fjf`ap Sueao Sueao Bmrtmn Bmrtmn \asfr Gucaog \asfr Gucaog Iurkog Iurkog Iurkog Iurkog Fsjaoc \ujau Eubkh Iurkog Fsjaoc Iurkog Fsjaoc Hap Sa \nut Hap Sa \nut Hap Sa \nut Hap Sa \nut Hap Sa \nut Prfra`na Uaykog Hap Sa \nut Hap Sa \nut Hap Sa \nut Prfra`na Uaykog
@ap`fty, bta Emoz Emozmo momm Skjum Skjumom om 1>< 3>3 13< < 4< 1=< 10< 57< 3< 5=< 40 51 134 111 11< 6< 6< 7> 1<< 1=6 >3 554 40 1>< < 6< 1>< 3>3 < 43 175 < 11< >7 >= 556 00 16 3> >= 0< 3> 156 00 =5= 375 3< >7 503 113 56< < < < 1< 13< 543 1,011 >< 51= 10< 04 7= 5<5 =5 1>1 754 03 10< 0=< =< 11< < 4< 0<< ><7 =< 57< < 51 6< 535 1=< 5<< =0> < 103 < 7< 1>> 56 10< < 14< 7< 375 < 74 17,4>3 5<,560
\r k` ms s Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Pmjm`tfvm SC\ SC\ NCA \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko SC\ NCA \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Sraosajbyjatfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ Sraosajbyjatfko @kaj tar tar Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko @kaj tar Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko @kaj tar Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ SC\ Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko SC\ \ygas mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Fskhmrfzatfko aoc dra`tfkoatfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Pmjm`tfvm SC\ SC\ Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko Ptmah `ra`bmr - oapntna \y \ygas mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko Umdkrhatm mxtra`tfko \ygas mxtra`tfko
Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4[taejms.xjs
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
15=
Pm`tfko =
=.3.0
Harbmt Aoajysfs
Puppjy, Cmhaoc aoc Sracm
Pfo`m tnm jatm 16<
Saejm =.4 As fa \a` fdf` fd f` Emo zmom Pu ppjy pp jy , Cmhao c ao c Sr acm (tnkusaoc hmtrf` tkos) Dfrh @apa`fty Ppm`ujatfvm @apa`fty Sktaj Skt aj @apa`f ty
5<<1 5<<5 5<<0 5<<3 5<<= 5<<4 5<<7 5<<> 5<<6 5<1< 13,714 1=,150 1=,413 1=,657 14,=<= 17,>>0 1>,7<7 16,==< 5<,114 5<,34= < < < < < < 5<< =01 445 1,<05 13,714 1=,150 1=,413 1=,657 14,=<= 17,>>0 1>,6<7 5<,<>5 5<,77> 51,367
\rkcu \rk cu`tf `tf ko Kpmratfog Kpmratfog Uatm
11,334 11,>13 15,743 13,1<< 1=,147 13,>51 1=,647 14,>54 17,151 17,3<4 7>% 7>% >5% >6% 65% >0% >3% >3% >5% >1%
Omt Mxpkrts @kosuh @ko suh ptfk pt fkoo
(7>) 11,=53
(571) (0=3) 303 047 (0>7) (5=5) (73) (73) (545) (=7>) 15,<>= 10,11> 10,444 13,766 1=,55< 14,53= 14,617 17,31> 1>,<1<
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
154
Appmo Ap pmocf cfxx A
Mjmhmots Mjmhmots kd k d Omxaot's Omxaot's @nmhPystmhs @apft @apftaj aj @kst Mstfhatms
Mjmhmots Mjmhmots k d Omxaot‖s @nmhPystmhs @apftaj @apftaj @kst Mstfhatms \rk`mss Mvajuatfko/Umsmar`n \jaoofog, 5<<7 @ksts typf`ajjy fo`jucmc fo Omxaot‖s @nmhPystmhs `apftaj `kst mstfhatms arm cmdfomc as dkjjkws9
A.1
FOPFCM EASS E ASSMUV MUV JFHFSP FOTMPSHMOS
Snm fosfcm eattmry jfhfts (FPEJ) pkrtfko kd a pjaot `ao em tnkugnt kd as a ekuocary kvmr wnf`n arm fhpkrtmc raw hatmrfajs, `atajysts `atajysts aoc `nmhf`ajs, aoc utfjfty suppjy suppjy strmahs. Fo a jfbm haoomr, hafo prkcu`ts, eyprkcu`ts, aoc spmot utfjfty rmturo strmahs arm mxpkrtmc kvmr tnfs ekuocary. FPEJ fovmsthmot fo`jucms tnm `kst kd tnm hafo prk`mssfog ejk`bs kd tnm `nmhf`aj pjaot om`mssary tk haouda`turm prkcu`ts. Ft rmprmsmots ao "fostaotaomkus" "fostaotaomkus" fovmsthmot (f.m., ok ms`ajatfko) dkr a pjaot krcmrmc drkh a `kotra`tkr aoc eufjt ko a prmparmc sftm wftn okrhaj jkac-emarfog aoc crafoagm `nara`tmrfstf`s kd a cmvmjkpmc `kuotry. Eattmry jfhfts fovmsthmot fo`jucms tnm fostajjmc `kst kd tnm dkjjkwfog haikr ftmhs9
\rk`mss mqufphmot9 vmssmjs aoc fotmroajs, nmat mx`naogmrs, puhps aoc `khprmsskrs, crfvmrs, skjfcs naocjfog
Haikr sparm mqufphmot/parts (m.g., sparm rktkr dkr turefom kr `khprmsskr)
Eufjcfog nkusfog prk`mss uofts
\rk`mss aoc utfjfty pfpms aoc suppkrts wftnfo tnm haikr prk`mss armas
Fostruhmots, fo`jucfog `khputmr `kotrkj systmhs
Mjm`trf`aj wfrms aoc narcwarm
Dkuocatfkos aoc pacs
Ptru`turms aoc pjatdkrhs
Fosujatfko
\afot/`krrksfko prktm`tfko
\rk`mss smwmrs
Dfrm watmr pfpms aoc hkoftkrs
]tfjfty statfkos
Snm fostajjmc `kst ajsk fo`jucms `kostru`tfko `kostru`tfko kvmrnmac9 drfogm emomdfts, payrkjj eurcmos, dfmjc supmrvfsfko, mqufphmot rmotajs, shajj tkkjs (mxpmocaejms), dfmjc kddf`m mxpmosms, sftm suppkrt smrvf`ms, tmhpkrary da`fjftfms, mt`.
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
A-1 A-1
Ap Appmocfx A
A.5
Mjmh jmhmots kd Omxaot's @nmhPystm stmhs @apftaj ftaj @kst Mstfh stfha atms tms
K]SPFCM EASSMU E ASSMUV V JFHFSP FOTMPSHMOS FO TMPSHMOS
Kutsfcm eattmry jfhfts (KPEJ) fovmsthmot fo`jucms tnm pjaot fovmsthmot ftmhs tnat arm rmqufrmc fo accftfko tk tnm hafo prk`mssfog uofts uofts wftnfo tnm eattmry jfhfts. jfhfts. Snmsm auxfjfary ftmhs ftmhs arm om`mssary tk tnm duo`tfkofog kd tnm prkcu`tfko uoft, eut pmrdkrh fo a suppkrtfog rkjm ratnmr tnao emfog cfrm`tjy fovkjvmc fov kjvmc fo prkcu`tfko. p rkcu`tfko. A cfstfogufsnfog `nara`tmrfstf` fs tnm pktmotfaj dkr snarfog kddsftm da`fjftfms ahkog smvmraj prkcu`tfko uofts fo a jargm pjaot, fo wnf`n `asm fovmsthmot `kst wkujc em ajjk`atmc kr prkratmc. KPEJ fovmsthmot fo`jucms tnm fostajjmc `kst kd tnm dkjjkwfog haikr ftmhs9
Ptkragm dkr dmmcs, prkcu`ts, eyprkcu`ts, fo`jucfog taobs/sfjks, cfbms, fomrtfog, prk`mss warmnkusm, aoc eaggfog/pajjmtfzfog mqufphmot
Ptmah gmomratfko uofts
@kkjfog watmr systmhs, fo`jucfog `kkjfog tkwmrs aoc `fr`ujatfko ` fr`ujatfko puhps
\rk`mss watmr trmathmot systmhs aoc suppjy puhps
Ekfjmr dmmc watmr trmathmot systmhs aoc suppjy puhps
Umdrfgmratfko systmhs, fo`jucfog `nfjjmc watmr/erfom `fr`ujatfog puhps
Nmat traosdmr hmcfuh systmhs, fo`jucfog krgaof` vapkr, nkt kfj, hkjtmo sajts
Mjm`trf`aj suppjy, traosdkrhmrs, aoc swft`ngmar
Jkacfog aoc uojkacfog arhs, puhps, `kovmykrs, jfdt tru`bs, fo`jucfog tnksm tk naocjm eargm, taob/nkppmr `ar, aoc taob/nkppmr/ktnmr tru`b traddf`2 wmfgn s`ajms Auxfjfary eufjcfogs, fo`jucfog ajj smrvf`ms, durofsnfogs, aoc mqufphmot9
∕ ∕ ∕ ∕ ∕ ∕ ∕ ∕
@motraj `kotrkj rkkh Hafotmoao`m Ptkrms warmnkusm Jaekratkry Garagms/dfrm statfko @naogm nkusm/`admtmrfa Hmcf`aj/sadmty Achfofstratfko
Gmomraj utfjftfms, fo`jucfog pjaot afr, fostruhmot afr, fomrt gas, staoc-ey mjm`trf`aj gmomratkr, dfrm watmr puhps Pftm cmvmjkphmot, fo`jucfog rkacs aoc wajbways, parbfog, rafjrkac sfcfogs, mjm`trf`aj hafo suestatfko, jfgntfog, watmr suppjy, dumj suppjy, `jmarfog aoc gracfog, crafoagm, dmo`fog, saoftary aoc stkrh smwmrs, aoc `khhuof`atfkos
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
A-5 A-5
Ap Appmocfx A
A.0
Mjmh jmhmots kd Omxaot's @nmhPystm stmhs @apftaj ftaj @kst Mstfh stfha atms tms
Varc pfpms, fo`jucfog jfoms dkr `kkjfog watmr, prk`mss watmr, ekfjmr dmmc watmr, dfrm watmr2 dumj2 pjaot afr, fostruhmot afr, fomrt gas2 `kjjm`tfko kd krgaof` wastms, aqumkus wastms, aoc djarm/fo`fomratkr dmmcs2 aoc prk`mss tfm-fos tk stkragm
@KOSUA@SKU @KOSUA@ SKU @NAUGMP @NAU GMP
Snmsm `nargms arm typf`ajjy 1= tk 5= pmr`mot kd fostajjmc FPEJ aoc KPEJ `ksts aoc arm fo`jucmc prkpkrtfkoatmjy fo tnm FPEJ aoc tnm KPEJ fovmsthmots. @kotra`tkr `nargms fo`jucm tnm dkjjkwfog haikr ftmhs9
A.3
Cmtafjmc cmsfgo aoc mogfommrfog, fo`jucfog prk`mss aoc kddsftms cmsfgo aoc gmomraj mogfommrfog, mqufphmot spm`fdf`atfkos, pjaot jaykut, cradtfog, `kst mogfommrfog, s`ajm hkcmjs Achfofstratfvm `nargms, fo`jucfog prkim`t haoagmhmot, mogfommrfog supmrvfsfko, prk`urmhmot, mxpmcftfog, fospm`tfko, travmj aoc jfvfog, nkhm kddf`m `kostru`tfko mxpmosms, gmomraj nkhm kddf`m kvmrnmac @kotra`tkr prkdft
\UKIM@S @KOSFOGMO@V AJJ A JJKWAO@M KWAO@M
A prkim`t `kotfogmo`y ajjkwao`m fs typf`ajjy 1= tk 5= pmr`mot kd fostajjmc FPEJ aoc KPEJ `ksts aoc fs fo`jucmc prkpkrtfkoatmjy fo tnm FPEJ aoc tnm KPEJ fovmsthmots. A prkim`t `kotfogmo`y ajjkwao`m fs appjfmc tk tnm tktaj kd tnm aekvm `ksts tk tabm fotk a``kuot uobokwo mjmhmots kd tnm prk`mss emfog mstfhatmc. Dkr wmjj-cmdfomc prk`mssms prk`mssms wnmrm prfhary prfhary foput nas `khm drkh mogfommrfog `kotra`tkrs, a `kotfogmo`y kd 1< tk 5< pmr`mot wkujc em typf`aj. At tnm ktnmr moc kd tnm spm`truh, a `apftaj mstfhatm dkr a spm`ujatfvm prk`mss cmvmjkpmc drkh patmot aoc jftmraturm cata ajkom hfgnt warraot a `kotfogmo`y kd 5< tk as hu`n as =< pmr`mot fo mxtrmhm `asms.
A.=
KSNMU \UKIM@S \UKI M@S @KPSP
Snmsm `ksts arm vmry sftm/prkim`t spm`fdf`2 nkwmvmr, tnmy typf`ajjy raogm drkh 5< tk 3< pmr`mot kd fostajjmc FPEJ + KPEJ `ksts. A okrh vajum kd 5= pmr`mot wfjj em usmc fo tnm aesmo`m kd hkrm hkrm spm`fdf` fodkrhatfko. Dkr tnm purpksm kd kur stucy, ktnmr prkim`t `ksts okrhajjy fo`jucm startup/`khhfssfkofog `ksts, hfs`mjjaomkus kwomr‖s `ksts, mt`. Snmy arm cms`rfemc emjkw9
Ptartup/@khhfssfkofog @ksts
Mxtra kpmratfog haopkwmr
Kwomr's tm`nof`aj haopkwmr
Ptartup smrvf`ms
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
A-0 A-0
Ap Appmocfx A
∕ ∕ ∕
Mjmh jmhmots kd Omxaot's @nmhPystm stmhs @apftaj ftaj @kst Mstfh stfha atms tms
Jf`moskr rmprmsmotatfvms @kotra`tkr pmrskoomj Mqufphmot suppjfmr/ktnmr vmockr rmprmsmotatfvms
Kpmratfog haouajs aoc trafofog prkgrahs
Hkcfdf`atfkos aoc hafotmoao`m curfog startup
Kpmratfog mxpmosms tk tnm mxtmot tnat tna t tnmy ck okt rmsujt fo sajmaejm prkcu`t p rkcu`t
Hfs`mjjaomkus Kwomr's @ksts
Jf`mosfog/rkyajty/mxpmrtfsm dmms9 easf` prk`mss aoc mogfommrfog cmsfgo pa`bagm
Imttfms, harfom tmrhfoajs, ck`bs, mt`.
Jkog cfstao`m pfpmjfoms dkr raw hatmrfaj/prkcu`ts
Jaoc, rfgnts kd way, pmrhfts, survmys, aoc dmms
\fjfog, skfj `khpa`tfko/cmwatmrfog, uousuaj dkuocatfko rmqufrmhmots
Pajms, usm, aoc ktnmr taxms
Drmfgnt, fosurao`m fo traosft, aoc fhpkrt cutfms (mqufphmot, pfpm, stmmj, fostruhmots, mt`.)
Ms`ajatfko/fodjatfko kd `ksts kvmr tfhm, assuhfog fostaotaomkus `kostru`tfko
Fotmrmst ko `kostru`tfko jkao, assuhfog fostaotaomkus `kostru`tfko
Kvmrtfhm pay curfog `kostru`tfko
@kostru`tfko wkrbmrs' nkusfog, `aotmmo, ktnmr fodrastru`turm dkr rmhktm sftm
Dfmjc fosurao`m
\rkim`t tmah, fo`jucfog prmjfhfoary pjaoofog stucfms, NAYK\ stucfms, movfrkohmotaj rmvfmws, cmsfgo, mogfommrfog, mstfhatfog, fospm`tfko, a``kuotfog, aucftfog, jmgaj, `kostru`tfko haoagmhmot, travmj, aoc jfvfog
Foftfaj `nargms kd raw hatmrfajs, `atajysts, `nmhf`ajs, aoc pa`bagfog hatmrfajs
Foftfaj stk`b kd hafotmoao`m, jaekratkry, kpmratfog, aoc kddf`m suppjfms
Sraospkrt mqufphmot, fo`jucfog eargms, rafj`ars, taob tru`bs, eujb snfppfog `kotafomrs, pjaot vmnf`jms
\rkvfsfkos dkr tmhpkrary snutckwo mxpmosms
Kwomr's s`kpm `kotfogmo`y ajjkwao`m
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
A-3 A-3
Ap Appmocfx A
A.4
Mjmh jmhmots kd Omxaot's @nmhPystm stmhs @apftaj ftaj @kst Mstfh stfha atms tms
WKUBFOG @A \FSAJ
Wkrbfog `apftaj typf`ajjy fo`jucms tnm dkjjkwfog ftmhs9
A``kuots rm`mfvaejm (prkcu`ts aoc eyprkcu`ts snfppmc eut okt pafc ey `ustkhmr), typf`ajjy kom hkotn's grkss `kst kd prkcu`tfko (@K\) @asn ko naoc (snkrt-tmrh kpmratfog duocs), typf`ajjy kom wmmb's grkss @K\ hfous cmprm`fatfko Hfokr sparm mqufphmot aoc parts fovmotkry, pmr`motagm kd rmpja`mhmot EJ `apftaj @rmcft dkr a``kuots payaejm (dmmcstk`bs, `atajysts, `nmhf`ajs, aoc pa`bagfog hatmrfajs rm`mfvmc eut okt pafc tk suppjfmr), typf`ajjy kom hkotn's cmjfvmrmc `kst
Tajum kd prkcu`t aoc eyprkcu`t fovmotkrfms, typf`ajjy twk wmmbs' grkss @K\
Tajum kd raw hatmrfaj fovmotkry, typf`ajjy twk wmmbs' cmjfvmrmc `kst
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
A-= A-=
Appmo Ap pmocf cfxx E
\MU\ \rkgrah Sftjm Focmx \MU\ \rkgrah Sftjm Focmx (1667/166> ‐ 5<<4/5<<7)
Snfs focmx fs fotmocmc tk em a naocy aoc `kovmofmot tkkj dkr quf`bjy fcmotfdyfog \MU\ rmpkrts kd fotmrmst. Ft snkujc em oktmc, nkwmvmr, tnat tnfs fs a tftjm tftjm focmx kojy. Dkr a hkrm `khpjmtm smar`n, catfog ea`b tk 1675, tnm dujj sueim`t focf`ms snkujc em usmc. Pmm ykur jk`aj tm`nof`aj fodkrhatfko smrvf`m cmparthmot dkr tnm \MU\ sueim`t focf`ms kr `kota`t Omxaot. Sk erkwsm ajj Omxaot @nmhPystmhs rmpkrts, pjmasm vfsft9 www.`nmhsystmhs.`kh Sftjm
Umpkrt
Catm
AEP Umsfos
<4/<7P>
<>/<7
A`mtf` A`fc
<4/<7-1
*
A`mtf` A`fc
<5/<0-1
A`mtf` A`fc/A`mtf` Aonycrfcm
Sftjm
Umpkrt
Ahhkofa
<=/<4P11
<5/<7
Aofjfom/Oftrkemozmom
<5/<0-5
<4/<0
<6/<0
Arkhatf`s drkh Jfgnt Kjmdfos
67/6>P1
<3/66
67/6>-1
<1/66
Arkhatf`s \rkcu`tfko, Kptfhfzfog
<=/<4P4
<5/<7
A`mtf` A`fc vfa Mtnaom Kxfcatfko
66/<
<1/<1
As`kref` A`fc aoc Pkreftkj
67/6>P11
<0/66
A`mtf` Aonycrfcm/@mjjujksm A`mtatm
<0/<3P1
<4/<3
Earrfmr Hkokhmrs dkr \MS
<5/<0P15
15/<0
A`mtkom/\nmokj/@uhmom
<=/<4-3
<0/<7
Emomdfts kd Umdfomry/\mtrk`nmhf`aj Fotmgratfko <4/<7P7
<6/<7
A`mtkom/\nmokj/@uhmom
<1/<5-5
1
Emozmom, Ptyrmom drkh Mtnaom aoc
<=/<4P0
11/<4
A`mtyjmom-Easmc T@H
<=/<4P3
<5/<7
Emozmom/Skjumom
<4/<7-4
<7/<7
A`mtyjmom \rkcu`tfko Sm`nokjkgfms
<=/<4P6
<3/<7
Emozmom/Skjumom
<5/<0-=
<3/<0
A`ryjahfcm
<1/<5P1<
11/<5
Emozmom/Skjumom
6>/66-4
<=/66
A`ryjf` A`fc
<3/<=-4
<5/<4
Efkcmsujdurfzatfko kd \mtrkjmuh Dra`tfkos
6>/66P7
<1/<<
A`ryjf` A`fc
<
<=/<1
Efkcfmsmj
<5/<0P5
15/<0
A`ryjkoftrfjm
<=/<4-5
1
Efkgaskjfom
<=/<4P1
15/<4
A`ryjkoftrfjm
<
<0/<5
Efkhass Gasfdf`atfko
<4/<7P=
*
Acfpf` A`fc
<0/<3-0
11/<3
Efktm`n Ukutm tk Ja`tf` A`fc/\kjyja`tf` A`fc
<
<=/<5
Acfpf` A`fc
6>/66-0
<7/66
Efktraosdkrhatfko Ukutms tk 1,0-\rkpaomcfkj
67/6>P3
<6/6>
Acvao`ms fo JOG Sm`nokjkgfms
<0/<3P1<
1
Efspnmokj A
<4/<7-7
*
Ajfpnatf` Cffsk`yaoatms
6>/66P11
<6/66
Efspnmokj A
<1/<5-4
<6/<5
Ajbyjemozmom, Jfomar (JAE)
<1/<5P>
<=/<0
Efspnmokj A
67/6>-3
<=/6>
Ajbyj Tfoyj Mtnmrs
67/6>P4
<7/6>
Eutacfmom/Eutyjmoms
<=/<4-=
<1/<7
Ajpna Kjmdfos, Cmvmjkphmots fo \rkcu`tfko Sm`nokjkgy
Eutacfmom/Eutyjmoms
<1/<5-0
<5/<0
67/6>P13
<1/66 Eutacfmom/Eutyjmoms
67/6>-5
<4/6>
Ajpna Kjmdfos
<4/<7-=
* Eutacfmom, @nmhf`ajs drkh
66/<
<1/<1
Ajpna Kjmdfos
<5/<0-3
<1/<3 Eutacfmom, Kxk Aj`knkjs drkh
6>/66P10
<1/<<
Ajpna Kjmdfos
6>/66-7
15/66
Ajtmroatfvm ]sms dkr HSEM Da`fjftfms
66/<<-7
<0/<1
Eutacfmom Uueemr/Ptyrmom Eutacfmom Uueemr (PEU/EU)
<5/<0P1
15/<0
Ahhkofa
67/6>-4
<>/6>
Eutaomcfkj, 1,3-/SND
<5/<0-7
<1/<3
Ahkrpnkus Nfgn Smhpmraturm MS\s
<0/<3P15
15/<3
Eutaomcfkj/SND
6>/66P1
<6/66
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
Catm
E-1
Ap Appmocfx E
\MU\ \rkg rkgrah rah Sftjm ftjm Foc Focmx
Sftjm
Umpkrt
Catm
Eutaomcfkj/SND
<4/<7-3
*
Eutyj A`mtatm/Mtnyj A`mtatm
67/6>P=
<>/6>
Eutyjmoms/Eutacfmom
<=/<4-=
<1/<7
Sftjm
Umpkrt
Catm
Cfhmtnyj @arekoatm \rkcu`tfko Sm`nokjkgy9 Cmvmjkphmots fo
66/<
<=/<<
Cfhmtnyj Mtnmr (CHM)
67/6>P>
<0/66
Cfhmtnyjoapntnajmom, (5,4-)
66/<
<4/<<
MC@/T@H
<0/<3-4
15/<3
Eutyjmoms/Eutacfmom
<1/<5-0
<5/<0
Eutyjmoms/Eutacfmom
67/6>-5
<4/6>
MC@/T@H
66/<<-0
<3/<<
@aprkja`tah
<3/<=-0
<5/<4
M\CH
<3/<=P5
<=/<=
@aprkja`tah
66/<<-3
<0/<1
Mpf`njkrknycrfo
66/<
<7/<<
@atajytf` Mtnaom Cmnycrkgmoatfko, Mtnyjmom vfa
Mpkxy Umsfos
<3/<=P11
15/<=
6>/66P6
<3/66
Mjastkhmrs, \kjykjmdfo
<=/<4P7
<5/<7
@mjjujksm A`mtatm/A`mtf` Aonycrfcm
<0/<3P1
<4/<3
@nmhf`ajs drkh Eutacfmom
66/<
<1/<1
Mtnaom Cmnycrkgmoatfko, Mtnyjmom vfa @atajytf`
6>/66P6
<3/66
@njkr Ajbajf
<1/<5P3
<0/<0
Mtnaom Kxfcatfko, A`mtf` A`fc vfa
66/<
<1/<1
@kaj Gasfdf`atfko Sm`nokjkgfms
<0/<3P11
<1/<=
Mtnaom \artfaj Kxfcatfko, Mtnyjmom vfa @atajytf`
<0/<3P5
<7/<3
@kaj tk Kjmdfos
<=/<4P=
<3/<7
Mtnaom aoc Emozmom, Ptyrmom drkh
<=/<4P0
11/<4
@khpkuocfog, \kjyprkpyjmom
<3/<=P4
15/<=
Mtnaokj
<3/<=->
<1/<4
@kpkjymstmr aoc @kpkjyahfcm Mjastkhmrs, Snmrhkpjastf`
<5/<0P6
1
Mtnaokj
66/<<->
<>/<1
@kst/\mrdkrhao`m kd Dumj Kxygmoatms
66/<
<6/<<
Mtnaokjahfoms
<1/<5P5
<>/<5
@rystajjfom Nfgn Smhpmraturm \kjyhmrs
<3/<=P0
<5/<4
MSEM/HSEM ]pcatm
<4/<7P15
@uhmom/\nmokj/A`mtkom
<=/<4-3
<0/<7
Mtnyj A`mtatm/Eutyj A`mtatm
67/6>P=
<>/6>
@uhmom/\nmokj/A`mtkom
<1/<5-5
1
Mtnyjemozmom/Ptyrmom
<0/<3->
11/<3
@urtafjfog @kbm Dkrhatfko fo Mtnyjmom Duroa`m Suems
Mtnyjemozmom/Ptyrmom
66/<<-4
<>/<<
<5/<0P1<
<4/<0
Mtnyjmom
<3/<=-7
<6/<=
Cmsujdurfzatfko Sm`nokjkgfms, Okvmj
<
1
Mtnyjmom Kxfcm/Mtnyjmom Gjy`kj
<3/<=-=
<1/<4
Cmtmrgmot Aj`knkjs
6>/66P=
<1/<5
Mtnyjmom Kxfcm/Mtnyjmom Gjy`kj
<
11/<1
Cmvmjkphmots fo Ajpna Kjmdfo \rkcu`tfko Sm`nokjkgy
67/6>P13
<1/66
Mtnyjmom, \rkpyjmom
<
<4/<1
6>/66P6
<3/66
*
Cmvmjkphmots fo Cfhmtnyj @arekoatm \rkcu`tfko Sm`nokjkgy
66/<
<=/<<
Mtnyjmom vfa @atajytf` Mtnaom Cmnycrkgmoatfko
Cmvmjkphmots fo Oko-\nksgmom \kjy`arekoatm Sm`nokjkgy
<5/<0P>
1
Mtnyjmom vfa @atajytf` Mtnaom \artfaj Kxfcatfko
<0/<3P5
<7/<3
Cmvmjkphmots fo \MS Um`y`jfog
66/<
<7/<<
Mxtmocfog tnm Hmtnaom Tajum @nafo
66/<
1
Dfemr Ppfoofog Sm`nokjkgy, Oyjko
<3/<=P=
15/<=
Dfemr Ppfoofog Sm`nokjkgy, \MS
<0/<3P>
<>/<3 <>/<3
Cmvmjkphmots fo \rkpyjmom Kxfcm Sm`nokjkgy
<
11/<1
Cmvmjkphmots fo \SA \rkcu`tfko Sm`nokjkgfms
<
<5/<5
Dfemr Ppfoofog Sm`nokjkgy, \MS
67/6>P10
<5/<<
Cmvmjkphmots fo Pyogas Sm`nokjkgy
<0/<3P3
<5/<=
Dfs`nmr-Srkps`n Jfqufcs as Ptmah @ra`bmr Dmmcstk`bs
<1/<5P6
15/<5
Cmvmjkphmots fo Snmrhkpjastf` Mjastkhmrs
6>/66P15
11/66
Djufcfzmc Emc Tfoyj A`mtatm \rk`mss
6>/66P0
<5/<<
Cf`y`jkpmotacfmom aoc Cmrfvatfvms
67/6>P7
<>/6>
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
E-5
Ap Appmocfx E
\MU\ \rkg rkgrah rah Sftjm ftjm Foc Focmx
Sftjm
Umpkrt
Catm
Dkrhajcmnycm
<
Dkrhajcmnycm aoc Cmrfvatfvms
Sftjm
Umpkrt
Catm
<3/<1
JOG Um`mfvfog Smrhfoajs
<=/<4P15
<1/<7
<3/<=P1<
<1/<4
JOG Sm`nokjkgfms, Acvao`ms fo
<0/<3P1<
1
Dumj @mjjs dkr Sraospkrtatfko
<5/<0P=
15/<0
Hajmf` Aonycrfcm
<0/<3-7
<5/<=
Dumj Kxygmoatms, @kst/\mrdkrhao`m kd
66/<
<6/<<
Hajmf` Aonycrfcm
66/<<-=
<4/<<
Dumj Pwft`nfog wftn OGJs/Phajj P`ajm JOG
<3/<=P1
<>/<=
Haoagfog Sm`nokjkgy Cmvmjkphmot fo tnm @nmhf`aj Focustry
67/6>P5
<4/66
Gasfdf`atfko, Efkhass
<4/<7P=
* HCF/SCF
6>/66P>
<6/66
Gasfdf`atfko Sm`nokjkgfms, @kaj
<0/<3P11
Hmcfuh Quajfty Smrmpntnajf` A`fc
<0/<3P4
1
<1/<=
Gas \rk`mssfog aoc OGJ Mxtra`tfko9 Oaturaj Gas @kocftfkofog
<3/<=P>
<0/<4
HMB/\nmokj @k-\rkcu`t \rk`mss
<3/<=P15
<5/<4
Gjy`mrfo
<
11/<1
Hmtnaom Tajum @nafo, Mxtmocfog tnm
66/<
1
Gjy`mrfo @kovmrsfko tk \rkpyjmom Gjy`kj
<4/<7P3
1
Hmtnaokj
<0/<3-3
15/<3
Gjy`kj Mtnmrs
<1/<5P4
<>/<5
Hmtnaokj
6>/66-3
<=/<<
Grmmo \kjymtnyjmom
<4/<7P11
Hmtnaokj tk Kjmdfos
<
<1/<5
Nmavy Kfjs, ]o`kovmotfkoaj
<3/<=P6
11/<=
Hmtnyj Hmtna`ryjatm
<3/<=-5
<0/<4
NC\M
<=/<4-0
15/<4
Hmtnyj Hmtna`ryjatm
66/<<-5
<6/<1
Nfgn Cmosfty \kjymtnyjmom
<1/<5-1
15/<5
Hkcfdfmc \kjypnmoyjmom Kxfcm (H\\K)
<5/<0P0
<0/<0
Nfgn Smhpmraturm MS\s, Ahkrpnkus
<0/<3P15
15/<3
HSEM/MSEM ]pcatm
<4/<7P15
Nfgn Smhpmraturm \kjyhmrs, @rystajjfom
<3/<=P0
<5/<4
HSEM Da`fjftfms, Ajtmroatfvm ]sms kd
66/<<-7
<0/<1
Nfgn Smhpmraturm Snmrhkpjastf` Oyjkos
<1/<5P0
<4/<5
HSEM \nasmkut ko @nmhf`aj Harbmts, Fhpa`t kd
<
<4/<1
Nycrk`areko Umsfos
66/<
<0/<1 Oaok`khpksftms, Snmrhkpjastf`
<
<6/<1
Nycrkgmo \mrkxfcm
<0/<3-=
1
Nycrkgmo \mrkxfcm
6>/66->
<6/66
OGJ Mxtra`tfko aoc Gas \rk`mssfog9 Oaturaj Gas @kocftfkofog9
<3/<=P>
<0/<4
Nycrkgmo \mrkxfcm-Easmc \rkpyjmom Kxfcm
<4/<7P5
*
OGJ Mxtra`tfko Sm`nokjkgfms
<4/<7P1<
Nycrkgmo \rkcu`tfko fo Umdfomrfms
<4/<7P1
1
OGJs/Phajj P`ajm JOG, Dumj Pwft`nfog wftn
<3/<=P1
<>/<=
Fhpa`t kd Puppjy @nafo FS Appjf`atfkos ko Snm Umdfofog Focustry
Oftrf` A`fc
67/6>P15
1
<3/<=P3
<3/<4 Oftrkemozmom/Aofjfom
<5/<0-5
<4/<0
Oko-\nksgmom \kjy`arekoatm \kjy`arekoatm Sm`nokjkgy, Cmvmjkphmots fo
<5/<0P>
1
Okvmj Cmsujdurfzatfko Sm`nokjkgfms
<
1
Oyjko 4/Oyjko 4,4
66/<
<3/<<
Oyjko Dfemr Ppfoofog Sm`nokjkgy Sm`nokjkgy
<3/<=P=
15/<=
Oyjkos, Nfgn Smhpmraturm Snmrhkpjastf` Snmrhkpjastf`
<1/<5P0
<4/<5
K`tmom-1, Ko-\urpksm
<=/<4P1<
<3/<7
*
*
*
Frko aoc @keajt Easmc Kjmdfo \kjyhmrfzatfko @atajysts
67/6>P6
<6/66
Fskprmom
6>/66P5
<6/66
Ja`tf` A`fc/\kjyja`tf` A`fc, Efktm`n Ukutm tk
<
<=/<5
JC\M
<3/<=-1
<4/<=
JC\M
<
<3/<1
JC\M @kpkjyhmrs, Ppm`fajty
<0/<3P6
15/<3
Jfgnt Kjmdfos, Arkhatf`s drkh
67/6>P1
<3/66
Jfomarajbyjemozmom (JAE)
<1/<5P>
<=/<0
Kjmdfo \kjyhmrfzatfko @atajysts, Frko aoc @keajt Easmc
67/6>P6
<6/66
Jfqufc @rystaj \kjyhmrs
<
<6/<1
Kjmdfos, @kaj tk
<=/<4P=
<3/<7
JJC\M
<0/<3-1
<1/<=
Kjmdfos, Hmtnaokj tk
<
<1/<5
JJC\M
66/<<-1
<4/<<
Kjmk`nmhf`ajs
66/<
<=/<1
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
E-0
Ap Appmocfx E
\MU\ \rkg rkgrah rah Sftjm ftjm Foc Focmx
Sftjm
Umpkrt
Catm
Ko-\urpksm O 5K \rkcu`tfko dkr \nmokj Haouda`turm
6>/66P13
<6/66
Ko-\urpksm K`tmom-1
<=/<4P1<
<3/<7
Kptfhfzfog Arkhatf`s \rkcu`tfko
<=/<4P4
<5/<7
Kptfkos dkr Umdfomry @ ='s
6>/66P3
<6/66
Kxk Aj`knkjs
<4/<7->
<7/<7
Kxk Aj`knkjs
<1/<5->
<3/<0
Kxk Aj`knkjs drkh Eutacfmom
6>/66P10
<1/<<
\MS Dfemr Ppfoofog Sm`nokjkgy
<0/<3P>
<>/<3
\MS Dfemr Ppfoofog Sm`nokjkgy
67/6>P10
<5/<<
\MS Haouda`turm, Umcu`fog @ksts fo
<3/<=P7
<7/<=
\MS Um`y`jfog, Cmvmjkphmots fo
66/<
\mtrkjmuh @kbm ]tfjfzatfko Kptfkos
Sftjm
Umpkrt
Catm
\kjyprkpyjmom
<5/<0-0
<>/<0
\kjyprkpyjmom
6>/66-1
<1/<<
\kjyprkpyjmom @khpkuocfog
<3/<=P4
15/<=
\kjystyrmom
<3/<=-3
<5/<4
\kjystyrmom/AEP
<
<4/<1
\kjytrfhmtnyjmom Smrmpntnajatm (\SS)
<1/<5P7
1
\kjyurmtnaoms, Snmrhkpjastf` (S\]s)
<5/<0P7
<=/<0
\kjyvfoyj Aj`knkj
<1/<5P=
11/<5
\kjyvfoyj @njkrfcm (\T@)
<0/<3-5
<0/<3
\kjyvfoyj @njkrfcm
6>/66-5
<3/66
<7/<<
\rkpaomcfkj, (1,0-), Efktraosdkrhatfko Ukutms tk
67/6>P3
<6/6>
67/6>P1<
<0/66
\rkpfkof` A`fc
6>/66P1<
<4/66
\nmokj/A`mtkom/@uhmom
<=/<4-3
<0/<7
\rkpyjmom
<4/<7-0
*
\nmokj/A`mtkom/@uhmom
<1/<5-5
1
\rkpyjmom, Mtnyjmom
<
<4/<1
\nmokj Haouda`turm, Ko-\urpksm O 5K \rkcu`tfko dkr
\rkpyjmom Kxfcm
<5/<0->
11/<0
6>/66P13
1
67/6>-7
15/6>
\nmokj/HMB @k-\rkcu`t \rk`mss
<3/<=P15
<5/<4
\ntnajf` Aonycrfcm
<4/<7P4
<>/<7
\rkpyjmom Kxfcm Sm`nokjkgy, Cmvmjkphmots fo
<
11/<1
\jaots as \jaots
<
15/<5
\rkpyjmom Umdfomrfms
<0/<3P7
<1/<=
\jastf` Emmr Ekttjms
<
<3/<5
\rkpyjmom, Ukutms tk
67/6>P0
<5/<<
\jastf`fzmrs, Srmocs fo
<=/<4P>
<0/<7
\SA \rkcu`tfko Sm`nokjkgfms, Cmvmjkphmots fo
<
<5/<5
\kjya`mtaj
<1/<5P15
1
<1/<5P11
15/<5
\kjyarahfcs
<4/<7P6
*
\kjyeutyjmom Smrmpntnajatm
6>/66P4
<7/66
\yrkhmjjftf` Cfaonycrfcm/Srfhmjjftf` Aonycrfcm
66/<
<7/<<
\kjy`arekoatm
<=/<4-7
<7/<4
Umcu`fog @ksts fo \MS Haouda`turm
<3/<=P7
<7/<=
\kjy`arekoatms
<1/<5-=
<7/<5
Umdfomrfms, Nycrkgmo \rkcu`tfko fo
<4/<7P1
1
\kjy`arekoatms
67/6>->
1
Umdfomrfms, \rkpyjmom
<0/<3P7
<1/<=
\kjymtnmr \kjykjs
<0/<3P=
1
Umdfomry kd tnm Duturm as Pnapmc ey Movfrkohmotaj Fssums
<5/<0P11
15/<0
\kjymtnyjmom Smrmpntnajatm
<5/<0-4
<6/<0
\kjymtnyjmom Smrmpntnajatm
6>/66-=
<1/<<
Umdfofog Focustry, Fhpa`t kd Puppjy @nafo FS Appjf`atfkos ko
<3/<=P3
<3/<4
\kjyja`tf` A`fc/Ja`tf` A`fc, Efktm`n Ukutm tk
<
1
Um`mfvfog Smrhfoajs, JOG
<=/<4P15
<1/<7
\kjyhmrs, Pupmr Aeskremot (PA\)
<0/<3P0
<3/<3
Ukutms tk \rkpyjmom
67/6>P0
<5/<<
\kjyhmr @khpkuocfog
66/<
<3/<<
Pfjf`koms
<
<=/<5
\kjykjmdfo Mjastkhmrs
<=/<4P7
<5/<7
Pkreftkj aoc As`kref` A`fc
67/6>P11
<0/66
\kjypnmoyjmom Kxfcm, Hkcfdfmc (H\\K)
<5/<0P0
<0/<0
Ppaocmx/\SHMG
<1/<5P11
15/<5
\kjypnmoyjmom Pujdfcm (\\P)
<5/<0P3
<3/<0
Ppm`fajty JC\M @kpkjyhmrs
<0/<3P6
15/<3
\kjyprkpyjmom
<4/<7-5
11/<7
Ptatfkoary Dumj @mjjs
<5/<0P4
11/<0
Emozmom/Skjumom \MU\ <4/<7-4 Q5<7[<<1<1.<<<7.31<4
E-3
Ap Appmocfx E
\MU\ \rkg rkgrah rah Sftjm ftjm Foc Focmx
Sftjm
Umpkrt
Catm
Ptmah @ra`bmr Dmmcstk`bs, Dfs`nmrSrkps`n Jfqufcs as
<1/<5P6
15/<5
Sftjm
Umpkrt
Catm
Sftaofuh Cfkxfcm
66/<
<>/<<
Skjumom/Emozmom
<4/<7-4
<7/<7
Ptyrmom Eutacfmom Uueemr/Eutacfmom Uueemr (PEU/EU)
<5/<0P1
15/<0
Skjumom/Emozmom
<5/<0-=
<3/<0
Ptyrmom/Mtnyjemozmom
<0/<3->
11/<3
Skjumom/Emozmom
6>/66-4
<=/66
Ptyrmom/Mtnyjemozmom
66/<<-4
<>/<<
Srmocs fo \jastf`fzmrs
<=/<4P>
<0/<7
Ptyrmom drkh Mtnaom aoc Emozmom
<=/<4P0
11/<4
Srfhmjjftf` Aonycrfcm/\yrkhmjjftf` Cfaonycrfcm
66/<
<7/<<
Pujdfcm, \kjypnmoyjmom (\\P)
<5/<0P3
<3/<0 ]o`kovmotfkoaj Nmavy Kfjs
<3/<=P6
11/<=
Pupmr Aeskremot \kjyhmrs (PA\)
<0/<3P0
<3/<3 ]rma
<4/<7P0
1
Puppjy @nafo FS Appjf`atfkos ko tnm Umdfofog Focustry, Fhpa`t kd
<3/<=P3
<3/<4
]tfjfzatfko Kptfkos, \mtrkjmuh @kbm
67/6>P1<
<0/66
Pyogas Sm`nokjkgy, Cmvmjkphmots fo
<0/<3P3
<5/<=
T@H, A`mtyjmom-Easmc
<=/<4P3
<5/<7
SCF/HCF
6>/66P>
<6/66
T@H/MC@
<0/<3-4
15/<3
Sm`nokjkgy Haoagmhmot, Haoagfog, fo tnm @nmhf`aj Focustry
T@H/MC@
66/<<-0
<3/<<
67/6>P5
<4/66 Tfoyj A`mtatm
<=/<4-1
<>/<4
Smrmpntnajf` A`fc
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