OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE TRAINING COURSE
DOPPLER VHF OMNIDIRECTIONAL RANGE BEACON (DVOR) SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc. 11300 West 89th Street Overland Park, KS 66214 USA T: 1-913-495-2600
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COURSE OBJECTIVES • Name and locate each major assembly of the 1150 DVOR Equipment, explain the function of each, and explain its contribution to the overall signal flow. • Operate and align the DVOR equipment in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. • Recognize out of tolerance conditions and troubleshoot the DVOR equipment to the module, subassembly or Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) level. • Verify and perform hardware and software configuration procedures. • Upgrade operating software of the 1150 DVOR equipment. • Perform ground check procedures and provide ground support for flight checks.
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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LECTURE
MODEL 1150 DVOR IN CONTEXT OF GENERAL DVOR THEORY
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OBJECTIVES OF MODEL 1150 DVOR IN CONTEXT OF GENERAL DVOR THEORY
• RF spectrum as seen by the aircraft • The phase relationship of the AM and FM components • How Model 1150 Doppler VOR produces each component • The characteristics of the CSB output from the transmitter • The characteristics of each sideband output from the transmitter
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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TYPICAL INSTALLATION OF DVOR STATION
Ring of 48 Sideband Antennas
The Counterpoise is used for clean reflection of RF pattern
Carrier Antenna in the center of the ring
The Transmitter is located in the shelter
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TYPICAL ON-BOARD INDICATORS The “bug” turns the bearing ring to select the direction the pilot wants to be traveling when he arrives at the VOR. In this case the pilot wants to fly North toward the VOR from the South. He would be on radial 180.
VOR ONLY
If he is directly south of the VOR, then the needle is centered. Bearing ring
A flag shows that he is flying north “To” the VOR. (The “From” flag would not be visible in this case.)
“bug”
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After he passes over the VOR, the “To” flag disappears and the “From” flag appears.
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TYPICAL ON-BOARD INDICATORS
VOR AND ILS A VOR Deviation Indicator can be combined with an ILS indicator. When the Localizer is selected, then the vertical needle shows Localizer information instead of VOR information.
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COMPARING THE TWO 30 Hz SIGNALS AT DIFFERENT AZIMUTHS
AM FM
NORTH
EAST
SOUTH
WEST
0 DEG AM AND FM SIGNALS ARE IN PHASE
90 DEG
180 DEG
270 DEG
RADIAL
RADIAL
RADIAL
AM LAGS FM BY 90 DEG
AM LAGS FM BY 180 DEG
AM LAGS FM BY 270 DEG
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Example
AM FM
NORTH W E S T
VOR
AM
AM
FM FM
AM
FM
SOUTH This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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E A S T
COMPOSITE VOR SIGNAL
30 HZ COMPONENT
10440
9960
9960 HZ COMPONENT
9960
9960
9480
THE 9960 COMPONENT VARIES ITS FREQUENCY THROUGHOUT ITS CYCLE
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SOURCE OF THE AM COMPONENT
RF MODULATED BY 30 Hz AUDIO
30 Hz AUDIO FROM DETECTED RF
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SOURCE OF 30 HZ FM SIGNAL
9960 Hz AUDIO WITH 30 Hz FREQUENCY MODULATION
30 Hz AUDIO FROM DISCRIMINATED 9960 AUDIO
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VOR SIGNAL FROM PILOT’S POINT OF VIEW (ON SPECTRUM ANALYZER)
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ROTATION OF SIDEBAND ANTENNAS
USB 3
2
1
25 26 27
LSB This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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A portion of the 9960Hz signal is formed by mixing the Carrier with the USB in space.
If the sideband antenna were stationary, then the 9960 Hz signal would not vary in frequency.
USB
As the sideband antenna rotates, it approaches or departs the receiver at high velocity.
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The Doppler Effect causes the 9960 Hz to deviate above and below its center frequency.
The Lower Sideband adds amplitude to the 9960 Hz signal.
USB
LSB This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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BLENDING OF TWO LOWER SIDEBAND SIGNALS IN ADJACENT ANTENNAS
1
3
SIDEBAND 1 (SB3)
ODD ANT
48
4
2
SIDEBAND 2 (SB4)
EVEN ANT
SUM IN SPACE
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FIVE RF OUTPUTS FROM THE TRANSMITTER CABINET
1. CSB – RF at FC, amplitude modulated by 30 Hz + 1020 Hz + VOICE 2. SIDEBAND 1 – RF at FC-9960Hz, amplitude modulated by rectified sine wave 3. SIDEBAND 2 – RF at FC-9960Hz, amplitude modulated by rectified cosine wave 4. SIDEBAND 3 – RF at FC+9960Hz, amplitude modulated by rectified sine wave 5. SIDEBAND 4 – RF at FC+9960Hz, amplitude modulated by rectified cosine wave
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LECTURE
ALFORD LOOP ANTENNA
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OBJECTIVES OF ALFORD LOOP ANTENNA LECTURE
• The physical makeup of the Alford Loop antennas (Carrier and Sideband) • The basic propagation theory of the Alford Loop antenna • Tuning points of the Alford Loop antenna
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TOP VIEW OF CARRIER ANTENNA
Hole for DME antenna mast
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TOP VIEW OF SIDEBAND ANTENNA
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IMPEDANCE MATCHING NETWORK
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PHYSICAL MAKEUP OF THE ALFOR LOOP ANTENNA
THE ALFORD LOOP IS TWO ORTHAGONAL FOLDED DIPOLES. ONE DIPOLE IS HIGHLIGHTED HERE.
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PHYSICAL MAKEUP OF THE ALFOR LOOP ANTENNA
THE OTHER DIPOLE IS HIGHLIGHTED HERE.
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REMAINING CURRENTS WITH INTERNAL CURRENTS CANCELLED
CONSIDER A MOMENT IN TIME. CURRENT FLOWS IN THE PICTURED DIRECTIONS. ASSUMES 180 DEGREES OF PHASE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO FOLDED DIPOLES.
THE INTERNAL CURRENTS PRODUCE FIELDS OF OPPOSITE AND EQUAL FIELD STRENGTH. THEY CANCEL OUT EACH OTHER, LEAVING ONLY THE FIELDS GENERATED BY THE EXTERNAL ANTENNA SURFACES
THE RESULTING RF PATTERN IS OMNIDIRECTIONAL This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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LECTURE
TRANSMITTER CABINET BLOCK DIAGRAM
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OBJECTIVES OF TRANSMITTER CABINET BLOCK DIAGRAM LECTURE
• The main physical components of the 1150 DVOR Transmitter Cabinet • The primary function of each module • The flow of RF, Audio, and Control signals
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MAIN COMPONENTS OF TRANSMITTER CABINET
TRANSMITTER 1
RMS
TRANSMITTER 2
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MONITORING
CSB GENERATOR
AUDIO GENERATOR SIDEBAND GENERATION
RMS POWER SUPPLIES
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CSB GENERATION Synthesizer produces CW RF
Modulated Carrier (CSB) to the antenna
Audio Generator adds Audio LPF eliminates harmonics Directional Coupler provides samples for Power and VSWR measurements RF Monitor detects samples and provides audio to the Audio Generator for measurement
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Sideband 1 SBO: CW RF at LSB frequency, modulated 100% by rectified 360 Hz sine wave
360 Sine wave + Sine bi-phase = Rectified sine wave, which is applied to CW RF to produce SBO
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Sideband 2 SBO: CW RF at LSB frequency, modulated 100% by rectified 360 Hz cosine wave
360 Cosine wave + Cosine bi-phase = Rectified Cosine wave, which is applied to CW RF to produce SBO
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Sideband 3 SBO: CW RF at USB frequency, modulated 100% by rectified 360 Hz sine wave
360 Sine wave + Sine bi-phase = Rectified sine wave, which is applied to CW RF to produce SBO
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Sideband 4 SBO: CW RF at USB frequency, modulated 100% by rectified 360 Hz cosine wave
360 Cosine wave + Cosine bi-phase = Rectified cosine wave, which is applied to CW RF to produce SBO
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Power Supplies
BCPS 1 powers Transmitter 1
43 Vdc for Power Amplifier Increases to 48 Vdc if modulation is above 43%. 28 Vdc for remaining circuits.
Both BCPSes manage the charge on the single set of batteries.
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A second set of batteries may be connected in parallel.
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Radiated RF is received by the Yagi antenna
The RF is applied to two detectors Detected RF (audio) is applied to the monitors
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Detected RF (audio) from the dummy load Standby signal is analyzed by both monitors.
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
Standby monitoring is only for power levels of CSB and SBO.
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Identification Synchronization to the DME
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LECTURE
PMDT OPERATION
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Objectives of PMDT Operation Lecture
• • • •
How to obtain access to the PMDT software The general layout of the PMDT screen The use of Print and Copy icons Memory management
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SEC3 THREE
Double-click PMDT icon
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Log in with default username and password
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Four levels of security: • Level 1, only view data • Level 2, only basic controls (On, Off, Transfer, Reset) • Level 3, full control and configuration • Level 4, same as level 3 but adds capability to create usernames and manage other users’ passwords
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Sidebar – always visible if logged in.
Info and controls of the Sidebar: • • •
• • •
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Whether there is a maintenance alert Whether in local mode (must be in local mode to make changes) Status and connection of each transmitter. These buttons allow for control. Status of each monitor. Bypass control. Measurements of the integral monitored parameters. Status of DMEs (not configured on this screen shot)
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Copy data from this page to the clipboard. The data can be pasted to other programs (Word Pad, Word, Excel, email, etc.)
Print data from this page to a printer connected to this PC.
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PMDT Overview
Memory Management
Printer connected to the PMDT Laptop
PMDT PC
PC storage device
Transmitter Cabinet System, Configuration, Save
System, Configuration, Load
System, Print
Active RAM – These values are the ones actually used by the DME RESET (F8)
RMS, Config_Backup
RMS, Config_Restore
APPLY (F7)
Screen RAM – These values are the ones displayed on the screen
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Nonvolatile Backup Memory
Refer to the manual or PMDT software, and examine the following screens: •RMS •Status and Data – Shows condition and measurements of various parameters. These DO NOT include the monitored parameters. •Configuration – Allows the maintenance personnel to select the appropriate operational settings. •A/D Limits defines the “Pre-alarm” limits for the power supplies •Logs – maintains a record of various events. Each tab keeps about 100 records, and rotates the oldest ones off as new ones occur. •Commands – refer to the manual for the definition. •DME Commands refers to a co-located DME; this function gives DME remote control even if the DME has no RMM connection.
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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•TRANSMITTERS •Data – Shows measurements of various RF parameters. •Configuration •Nominal – Defines the values desired •Offsets and Scale Factors – to calibrate the specific transmitter to produce the Nominal values. •Commands •Ident commands allow the user to force or remove ident for test purposes
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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•Monitors •Data: analysis of signal received by monitor antenna •Integrity – Shows the values and limits of the monitored parameters •Ground Check – Allows technician to run an automatic or semiautomatic ground check, and displays the results. •Certification Test Results and Test Data – Allows the technician to run the listed test, and displays the results. •Standby – displays some of the Transmitters Data fields for the transmitter connected to the dummy load. •Offsets and Scale Factors •Test Generator/Certification – calibrates the Monitor CCA itself •Field Detector – adjusts for errors in the detected signal
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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•Diagnostics •Power-up results – shows the results of the digital circuitry test performed at the time of power up. •Fault Isolation – Auto diagnostic software.
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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LECTURE
HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
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Pressing this button causes a window to appear with the proper dip switch settings to select the frequency in the window.
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Dip switch settings for frequency selection
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Audio Generator CCA Hardware configuration • • •
• •
E1 – to enable the watchdog, jumper 1-2 There is no E2 E3 –Jumper 3-4 to disable DVOR ground check. Jumper 1-2 to enable DVOR ground check. E4 – For DVOR application, jumper 3-4 E5 – For DVOR application, jumper 3-4.
Instructor will point out the jumpers at this time.
Serial Interface Hardware configuration •
Switch S1 • Switches 1, 3, 5, and 8 are set to the ON position • Switches 2, 4, 6, and 7 are set to the OFF position
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Monitor CCA Hardware configuration • Do NOT jumper E1 to E2. Used only during design. • Do NOT jumper E3 to E4. Used only during Depot maintenance. • E5, E6 and E7 are calibration jumpers set in factory. Do not change them. Instructor will point out the jumpers at this time.
1A9 Modem CCA Hardware configuration • •
JP1 set to INT1 position JP2 is set up during installation, depending on which dialup modem is used, the internal one, or an external one. Instructor will point out the jumpers at this time.
Software Re-Installation procedures Instructor will demonstrate the removal and replacement of software chips on a module.
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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LECTURE
CSB TRANSMITTER
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Objectives of CSB Transmitter Lecture
• The inputs and outputs of the Frequency Synthesizer and CSB Power Amp • Physical setting and alignment procedures for the Frequency Generator and CSB Power Amp • Test Points of Frequency Synthesizer and CSB Power Amp • Jumper configurations of Frequency Synthesizer and CSB Power Amp • Signal generation and flow of the CSB
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Table 3-9. Synthesizer CCA (1A4, 1A20) Controls and Indicators TP1
Lower Sideband Quadrature Signal. When Sidebands 1 and 2 (1A4, 1A21) are in phase and equal amplitude this signal is a triangular waveform.
TP2
Upper Sideband Quadrature Signal. When Sidebands 3 and 4 (1A5, 1A22) are in phase and equal amplitude this signal is a triangular waveform.
TP3
Carrier Phase Error Voltage (0V için R81 ile ayarla)
TP4
Carrier Phase Control Voltage (2 – 9 V arası)
TP5
DVOR Sideband Manual Phase Control Voltage
TP6
This test point is available for scope or voltmeter ground
Carrier sample for test purposes
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Overtemp (70 C) protection – thermistor mounted on Q5, Q6
When the percent modulation is programmed to be more than 43%, supply voltage is increased to 48V
Percent modulation stabilization
Built-in power out stability and VSWR protection. In addition, there is VSWR protection by the Audio Generator using the forward and reverse power feedback from the RF Monitor This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Low-Pass Filter Assembly and Directional Coupler
The LPA Filters out harmonics
Feedback for phase and frequency lock
Reflected port to measure VSWR Forward port to measure transmitted power Carrier sample for test point
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LECTURE
AUDIO GENERATOR
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Objectives of Audio Generator Lecture
• The inputs and outputs of the Audio Generator
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Composite output of the Audio Generator
Components of the Composite Audio signal: •30 Hz (30 %) •Ident (6%) during the time ident is being sent •Voice (5%) if selected and there is an input •DC component that is proportional to the carrier power
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Sideband audio outputs of the Audio Generator
•Sine wave @ 360 Hz •This sine wave will be rectified in the SB Generator, so there will be 720 “humps” per second. •Sideband 1 and Sideband 2 are 90 degrees (of the 360 Hz signal) out of phase, so the “humps” are 180 degrees out of phase
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Sideband biphase outputs of the Audio Generator
•Square wave •Each time the sideband signal reaches zero, the bi-phase changes state •The bi-phase is used in the Sideband Generator to rectify the 360 Hz sine wave.
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Sideband phasor outputs of the Audio Generator
SB2/4 phase is fixed – it cannot be changed Sideband Phase DC levels – DC voltage set by the operator in PMDT, to adjust the phase of the sidebands to each other (SB1 to SB2, and SB3 to SB4).
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Commutator switching outputs of the Audio Generator
Switching bus to commutator – creates the 30Hz FM sine wave
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Audio Generator serial communication to RMS
DC and audio levels from the RF Monitor.
Data to RMS for use in PMDT – measurements of audio and dc analog voltages from the RF Monitor.
Voice from automated system (ATIS) or microphone
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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LECTURE
SIDEBAND GENERATION
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Objectives of Sideband Generation Lecture
• The inputs and outputs of the Sideband Generator • Field alignment procedures for the Sideband Generator • Function of the Isolators
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Sideband 1 720 “humps”/sec
CW RF @ Carrier freq Minus 10 KHz
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Sideband 2
CW RF @ Carrier freq Minus 10 KHz
720 “humps”/sec
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Sideband 1 (or 3)
Sideband 2 (or 4)
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Sideband Generator Test Points
Table 3-10. Sideband Generator (1A5, 1A6, 1A21, 1A22) Controls and Indicators
TP1
This test point is the Sideband 1 (1A5,1A21) or Sideband 3 (1A6,1A22) Dynamic Phase Control Voltage.
TP2
This test point is the Sideband 1 (1A5,1A21) or Sideband 3 (1A6,1A22) Sideband Manual Phase Control Voltage. This is a DC voltage representing the phaser control voltage.
TP3
This test point is the Sideband 1 (1A5,1A21) or Sideband 3 (1A6,1A22) Mean Phase Control Voltage. This is a DC voltage representing the mean (slow) phaser control voltage.
TP4
This test point is the Sideband 1 (1A5,1A21) or Sideband 3 (1A6,1A22 Mean Phase Error Voltage. This is a DC voltage representing the mean (slow) error control voltage. If the control loop is locked this voltage should be nearly 0 volts.
TP5
This test point is the detected output of the Sideband 1 (1A5, 1A21) or Sideband 3 (1A6, 1A22) output. This signal is a rectified 360 Hz waveform in DVOR mode.
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Sideband Generator Test Points
Table 3-10. Sideband Generator (1A5, 1A6, 1A21, 1A22) Controls and Indicators TP6
This test point is the detected output of the Sideband 2 (1A5, 1A21) or Sideband 4 (1A6, 1A22) output. This signal is a rectified 360 Hz waveform in DVOR mode.
TP7
This test point is the Sideband 2 (1A5,1A21) or Sideband 4 (1A6,1A22 Mean Phase Error Voltage. This is a DC voltage representing the mean (slow) error control voltage. If the control loop is locked this voltage should be nearly 0 volts.
TP8
This test point is the Sideband 2 (1A5,1A21) or Sideband 4 (1A6,1A22 Mean Phase Control Voltage. This is a DC voltage representing the mean (slow) phaser control voltage.
TP9
This test point is the Sideband 2 (1A5,1A21) or Sideband 4 (1A6,1A22 Sideband Manual Phase Control Voltage. This is a DC voltage representing the phaser control voltage.
TP10
This test point is the Sideband 2 (1A5,1A21) or Sideband 4 (1A6,1A22) Dynamic Phase Control Voltage.
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Sideband Generator Test Point 1/10
TP1 (TP10) Smooth transition
No noise on the rounded part (no spurious oscillations)
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Sideband Frequency and Phase lock
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Commutator
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Isolators
Isolators are used to redirect reflected energy to a detector circuit to monitor VSWR of sideband antennas
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LECTURE
PHASING CONSIDERATIONS
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Consider the electrical length of each path SYNTH XTAL
PLL
LPF, DIR CPLR, RELAY
POWER AMP
PLL PLL
SIDEBAND GENERATOR
All the RF signals originate from this point.
COMMUTATOR
PHASER
SIDEBAND GENERATOR PHASER
The CSB signal follows this path
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Sideband 1 follows this path SYNTH XTAL
PLL
POWER AMP
LPF, DIR CPLR, RELAY
PLL PLL
SIDEBAND GENERATOR
COMMUTATOR
PHASER
SIDEBAND GENERATOR PHASER
This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Sideband 2 follows this path SYNTH XTAL
PLL
POWER AMP
LPF, DIR CPLR, RELAY
PLL PLL
SIDEBAND GENERATOR
COMMUTATOR
PHASER
SIDEBAND GENERATOR PHASER
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Sideband 3 follows this path SYNTH XTAL
PLL
POWER AMP
LPF, DIR CPLR, RELAY
PLL PLL
SIDEBAND GENERATOR
COMMUTATOR
PHASER
SIDEBAND GENERATOR PHASER
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Sideband 4 follows this path SYNTH XTAL
PLL
POWER AMP
LPF, DIR CPLR, RELAY
PLL PLL
SIDEBAND GENERATOR
COMMUTATOR
PHASER
SIDEBAND GENERATOR PHASER
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All five signals must have the same phase in space SYNTH XTAL
PLL
POWER AMP
LPF, DIR CPLR, RELAY
PLL PLL
SIDEBAND GENERATOR
COMMUTATOR
PHASER
SIDEBAND GENERATOR PHASER
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Sidebands 1 and 2 are the same frequency SYNTH XTAL
PLL
POWER AMP
LPF, DIR CPLR, RELAY
PLL PLL
SIDEBAND GENERATOR
COMMUTATOR
PHASER
SIDEBAND GENERATOR PHASER
Using the PMDT, it is possible to adjust the phase of Sideband 1 to make it equal to Sideband 2. This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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Sidebands 3 and 4 are the same frequency SYNTH XTAL
PLL
POWER AMP
LPF, DIR CPLR, RELAY
PLL PLL
SIDEBAND GENERATOR
COMMUTATOR
PHASER
SIDEBAND GENERATOR PHASER
Using the PMDT, it is possible to adjust the phase of Sideband 3 to make it equal to Sideband 4. This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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It is not possible to equalize the phases of two different frequencies. But, consider the Carrier and LSB frequencies.
Their mix in space creates a beat frequency (9960 Hz). This provides half the modulation.
The phase of the beat frequency depends on the relative phase of the two original signals (Carrier and LSB).
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Now, consider the Carrier and USB frequencies.
Their mix in space also creates a beat frequency (9960 Hz). This provides the other half of the modulation The phase of this beat frequency also depends on the relative phase of the two original signals (Carrier and USB).
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If the phase of the two modulations are the same, then they mix well in space, causing a maximum effect on the carrier (maximum 9960 Hz modulation).
If the phase of the two modulations are not the same, then they don’t mix well in space, causing less than optimum effect on the carrier (low 9960 Hz modulation).
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If the phase of the carrier is adjusted, it has the opposite effect on the two beat signals.
Movement of carrier phase both advances one beat signal, and retards the other.
When the 9960 Hz modulation is at its maximum, the Carrier to Sideband Phase is at its optimum value.
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LECTURE
RF MONITOR
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Objectives of RF Monitor Lecture
• The Inputs and Outputs of the RF Monitor • The Test Points of the RF Monitor and their meaning • Adjustment Points of the RF Monitor
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RF Monitor inputs and outputs
Each output is audio, directed to Audio Generator
Each of these inputs is RF
Each audio output is also seen on the test points.
TX 1 Forward power TX 1 Reflected power
SB1 Reflected power SB2 Reflected power SB3 Reflected power SB4 Reflected power
Sideband forward powers are not detected in the RF Monitor
The RF Monitor contains the Dummy Load for the Standby Transmitter This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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RF Monitor adjustments
Adjustments Tüm ayarlar ile, harici wattmetrede okunan değerlere göre PMDT ayarlanır. All the adjustments are to calibrate the PMDT reading to match an external wattmeter. TX 1 and 2 Forward and Reflected Sidebands 1, 2, 3, and 4 Reflected Note: Sideband forward power PMDT reading is calibrated using R100 on each Sideband Generator
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LECTURE
MONITORS
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Objectives of Monitors Lecture
• The Inputs and Outputs of the Monitor • The fundamental principle of how the composite signals are analyzed
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Monitor Antenna
Dipole antenna located on any radial, at about 300 feet from the center of the counterpoise.
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Detector 1 Test Generator Detector 2
Standby Composite
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Monitor CCA Simplified Block Diagram 30Hz Filter
Peak Detector
Zero Crossing Detector 9960 Hz Filter
Peak Detector
% Mod 30Hz AM
Square Wave 30Hz AM freq, Azimuth % Mod 9960Hz AM
Field Det 1 Field Det 2 Test Gen
MUX
Composite (TP5)
Zero Crossing Detector
FM Discriminator
Square Wave 9960Hz freq
Peak Detector
Zero Crossing Detector DC Level Detector
300 – 3KHz Filter
1020 Notch FL
RF Level
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Peak Detector
1020Hz Filter
% Mod Ident Freq Ident
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Dev. Ratio FM
Square Wave 30Hz FM freq, Azimuth
% Mod Voice
LECTURE
FIELD DETECTOR
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Field Detector Lecture
Detects RF from the field monitor antenna, converts to audio for analysis by the monitors.
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LECTURE
REMOTE MAINTENANCE SYSTEM (RMS)
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CPU CCA Lecture
• The main function of the CPU CCA • The purpose of the Lithium battery Gathers data for interaction with PMDT and RCSU software. Communicates with other RMS modules through the backplane. The EEPROM is actually a battery-operated RAM. • Retains its memory as long as the battery is good. • Battery is designed to stay good for 100 years, as long as power remains constantly on. • It takes more than a month of no power to drain the battery • If the CPU CCA is removed from the cabinet, remove the battery jumper to conserve charge.
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Facilities CCA
• Allows CPU μP to send and receive info to/from various discrete and analog lines.
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Facilities CCA Inputs and Outputs 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21
M48V M28V M12V M5V M-12V GENLVL MBCRET SBCRET MTXRET STXRET MBCOT
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
S48V S28V S12V S5V S-12V SPARE1 BARO RET WIND RET TX OUT (OUT) TACH MBCUPS
Sys. B BCPS 48 Vdc Sys. B BCPS 28 Vdc Sys. B LVPS 12 Vdc Sys. B LVPS 5 Vdc Sys. B LVPS -12 Vdc Spare 1 (future use) Barometer Sensor Return Wind Sensor Return Antenna Status to RSCU Tachometer Sys. A BCPS UPS Status
24
MBCPF
Sys. A BCPS Power Fail Status
26
SBCUPS
Sys. B BCPS UPS Status
28
SBCPF
Sys. B BCPS Power Fail Status
30 32 34 36
MNORM SALM SBYP SBCCD
38
#2 ON
Monitor 1 Normal Monitor 2 Alarm Monitor 2 Bypass Sys. B BCPS Charger Disconnect (ON/OFF) Turn-on Sys. B Signal from RSCU Control Interface CCA
40
TX IND (IN)
On-Air Transmitter Indicator Status from Relay 1K1
42 44
Spare 7 SPARE2
Spare 7 (future use) Spare 2 (future use)
SPARE3 SPARE 5
Sys. A BCPS 48 Vdc Sys. A BCPS 28 Vdc Sys. A LVPS 12 Vdc Sys. A LVPS 5 Vdc Sys. A LVPS -12 Vdc Test Generator Level Sys. A BCPS Return (N/C) Sys. B BCPS Return (N/C) Sys. A Transmitter Return Sys. B Transmitter Return Sys. A BCPS Overtemp Status Sys. A BCPS Battery Low Status Sys. B BCPS Overtemp Status Sys. B BCPS Battery Low Status Monitor 1 Alarm Monitor 1 Bypass Monitor 2 Normal Sys. A BCPS Charger Disconnect (ON/OFF) Turn-on Sys. A Signal from RSCU Control Interface CCA Turn-off On-Air System Signal from RSCU Control Interface CCA Spare 8 (future use) Transfer Status to RSCU Control Interface CCA Spare 3 (future use) Spare 5 (future use)
23
MBCBL
25
SBCOT
27
SBCBL
29 31 33 35
MALM MBYP SNORM MBCCD
37
#1 ON
39
OFF
41 43
SPARE 8 TRANSFER
45 47
46 48
Spare 4 (future use) INTO Signal from CPU CCA
SPARE 6
Spare 6 (future use)
50
SPARE4 TIME INTERVAL FAN2
49
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Serial Interface CCA
Summary – Allows CPU μP to communicate with devices that require serial communication. •Audio Generator(s) •Monitors •DME(s) •PMDT •External Modem (if used, not required)
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Test Generator CCA
Provides a composite audio signal to apply to the monitors for testing/certification.
It takes several minutes for a signal to form once it is configured.
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Modem CCA
Two modems on this module: 1. Dedicated line for RCSU 2. Dialup modem for remote PMDT connection
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Optional RSCU Interface
Allows interface between VOR and obsolete 1138 RSCU.
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Low Voltage Power Supplies
1A15 supplies Transmitter 1
1A16 supplies Transmitter 2
1A14 supplies the RMS
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Commutator CCAs
SB2
SB1
3
1
4
47
45 43 41 39 37 35 33 31 29 27 25
5
7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
48
46 44 42 40 38 36 34 32 30 28 26
6
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
SB4
SB3
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2
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Procedures not covered during labs
•6.4.3 Cabinet Backplane Connector Adjustment. Use if a replacement module in the RMS does not quite fit into the slot. •6.4.4 Replacing CPU (1A13) CCA. Use this procedure when replacing a CPU CCA. It outlines the procedures for loading the alignment and configuration data into the new CPU. •6.4.5 Update of DVOR Software. This should not be attempted except at the instruction of the factory. New software may not be compatible with old hardware. •6.4.8 Changing the CPU CCA (1A13) Lithium Battery. If the battery fails during Annual Preventive Maintenance (or at any other time), follow this procedure to replace it. This will keep the data intact. •9.7.1 Strapping Battery Charger Power Subsystem (BCPS) for 240 VAC. Use this procedure any time the BCPS is replaced. •9.7.4 Checking the Battery Charger Power Subsystem for 43 or 48 Volts. Use this procedure any time the Main Voltage needs to be checked. Especially check it after the BCPS is replaced, or after a commercial power surge.
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LECTURE
FLIGHT CHECK
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Objectives of Flight Check Lecture
• How to provide ground support for a flight check
What to expect: Prior to arrival, set the DVOR (and associated DME) with antenna to transmitter 1. On arrival, a flight crew normally begins a commissioning FC with an orbit. After the orbit, you can expect to hear the following results.
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Preparation for Flight Check • Calibrate Transmitters 1 and 2 to produce the value of CSB defined on the Nominal screen, measured with external wattmeter • Calibrate the Sideband Generators so that all eight sidebands have the same power output, measured with external wattmeter • Calibrate the PMDT wattmeter readings • Perform all phasing adjustments (SB1-SB2, SB3-SB4, CSB to Sideband) • Perform the full checkout procedure, paragraph 6.2 of the manual • Adjust the transmitter values to produce ideal monitor values on the PMDT
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Transmitters, Configuration, Nominal
For one, the flight crew will announce the Station Error, or Offset. Adjust for Station Error by putting the number given by the Flight Check crew in the Azimuth Index field. If using that number increases the error, then change the sign of the index.
You will also be told the Spread.
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The maximum spread during Flight Check is 4 degrees. There is no corrective action to reduce spread which can be performed during the flight check. All the causes are due to siting.
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Transmitters, Configuration, Nominal
You will be told the percent modulation of the 9960 Hz signal.
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Adjust the 9960 Hz percent modulation by increasing or decreasing the SBO RF level.
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Transmitters, Configuration, Offsets and Scale Factors
You will be told the percent modulation of the 30 Hz signal.
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Adjust the 30 Hz percent modulation by increasing or decreasing the Scale factor for Transmitter 1.
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Transmitters, Configuration, Nominal
Once the flight crew has completed a test with Transmitter 1 on antenna, they will ask you to transfer the antenna to Transmitter 2. You will transfer back and forth several times during the Flight Check.
DO NOT adjust any Nominal values when Transmitter 2 is on the antenna.
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Transmitters, Configuration, Nominal
If the pre-flight inspection alignment was performed well, then there should be no need to adjust Transmitter 2.
However, if an adjustment is needed, make all adjustments for Transmitter 2 on Transmitters, Configuration, Offsets and Scale Factors screen.
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Once the flight check is complete, and has passed, DO NOT ADJUST ANY MORE TRANSMITTER PARAMETERS. However, it is necessary to adjust the monitor parameters on the Field Detector column. Azimuth Angle Offset to correct Azimuth Angle.
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Monitors, Configuration, Offsets and Scale Factors 30 Hz Modulation to correct 30 Hz Modulation
9960 Hz Modulation to correct 9960 Hz Modulation
Once the Flight Check has passed, and the monitors are reading ideal values, then maintenance is complete. Put the controls in normal, clean up, lock up, and have some Scooby snacks. End of Slide Presentation. This document contains proprietary information and such information may not be disclosed to others for any purpose nor used for manufacturing purposes without written permission from SELEX Sistemi Integrati Inc
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