1. Microscopio

PRÁCTICA N°1 MICROSCÓPIO MICROSCÓ PIO Y TÉCNICAS PARA PARA HACER PREPARACIONES MICROSCÓPICAS

CORTÉS GONZÁLEZ YINETH CAROLINA GÓMEZ GARCÍA MAIRA ALEJADRA MARCHENA LORA WILLIAM ENRIQUE MUÑOZ ANAYA ANAYA RAFAEL ENRIQUE

BIOL LEIDY LORENA MENDOZA NO!A

UNI!ERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍAS INGENIERÍA INGENIER ÍA AMBIENTAL AMBIENTAL SEMESTRE I! MONETRÍA " CÓRDOBA #$1%

INTRODUCCION

E& '()*+,)+-(+ .-/()+ )+'-0,/+ , ,0'2'3/ 4/(& -2*2 +5,*62* +57/+, 80 , 92&&3 :0*2 ;& &<'(/ ; *,+&0)(.3 ;& +7+ 90'23+ =/2'2>+ (3:*(+* 2 1$$ 3'? E,/ '()*+,)+-(+ =/2'5(@3 &&2'2;+ )+'-0,/+ =3 +-+,()(.3 2& ,('-& 80 )+3,/2 ; 032 ,+&2 &3/ 5()+362  , )+3+) )+'+ &0-2? )+3,/2 ; /*, ,(,/'2,

Sistema mecánico: ,/ :+*'2;+ -+* 280&&2, -(2, 80 3+ (3/*6(33 3 &2 :+*'2)(.3 ; &2 ('23 3( 3 & )2'(3+ ; &2 &0 =7 /+*3(&&+, '()*+  '2)*+'@/*()+ )+&0'32 -( -&2/(32 @/)? Sistema de iluminación:  &+ (3/*23 280&&+, )+'-+33/, 3)2*2;+, ; )+&)/2* &2 &0 ;+,(:()2*&2  ;(*((*&2 2 /*26@, ;& -*-2*2;+ =7 ,-7+ )+3;3,2;+* ;(2:*2'2? Sistema óptico: (3)&0 /+;+, &+, &'3/+, 80 )+&25+*23 3 &2 2'-&(2)(.3 ; &2 ('23 , ;)(* +57/(6+,  +)0&2*, 80 ,+3 &2, &3/, ;& '()*+,)+-(+ H2 ;+, /(-+, ; &3/, & +)0&2* 3 &2 -2*/ ,0-*(+* ;& '()*+,)+-(+ ', -*.('+ 2& +7+ ;& +5,*62;+*  & +57/(6+ -*.('+ 2& -*-2*2;+ E& +)0&2*  3+*'2&'3/ /(3 03 20'3/+ ; 1$ =&2  (3;()2 20'3/+? -+* &+ 80 2'-&(:()2 032 ('23 1$ 6), ,0 /2'2>+ 3+*'2& E3 )023/+ 2 &+, +57/(6+, -+* &+ )+'43 /(33 03 20'3/+ 80 62*<2 3/*  2 % L+ 3+*'2& , 3)+3/*2* /*, +57/(6+, ; ;(,/(3/+ 20'3/+ = 1$  $? '+3/2;+, ,+5* 032 52, (*2/+*(2 80 -*'(/ (3/*)2'5(2*&+, -2*2 20'3/2* 3 :+*'2 )*)(3/ & /2'2>+ ; &2 ('23 L2 ('23 *,0&/23/ ,/2* 2'-&(2;2 /23/2, 6), )+'+ & -*+;0)/+ ; &2, &3/, )+3 &2, 80 , +5,*62 , ;)(* 80 ,( , 0/(&(2 03 +)0&2* ; 1$  03 +57/(6+ ;  , 6* &2 ('23 )02*3/2 6), ', *23; 80 ,0 /2'2>+ +*((32&

OBJETIVOS

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I;3/(:()2* &2, -2*/, .-/()2,  ')3()2, ;& '()*+,)+-(+

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R2&(2* -*-2*2)(+3, '()*+,).-()2, /'-+*2&,

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E&25+*2* 2;)02;2'3/ ,0, *-+*/, ; &25+*2/+*(+

R)+3+)* & 0,+ 2;)02;+ ; )2;2 032 ; &2, -2*/, ;& '()*+,)+-(+ .-/()+ )+'-0,/+ •

MTERI!ES " M#TODOS

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M()*+,)+-(+ .-/()+ )+'-0,/+ F*2,)+, +/*+, )+3 202 ;,/(&2;2 P+*/2 +57/+,  )05* +57/+, T(7*2,  9+72 ; 2:(/2* 3062  A&+;.3 ; )+&+*,

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C+*)9+ P2-& ('-*,+ =-*(.;()+? )+3 &/*2 -80>2 P+&3 ; :&+* P+&6(&&+ ; 2&2 ; '2*(-+,2

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METO!O$% •

&' MICROSCO(IO (RTES " )UNCION: E3 -*('* &02* , -*+);(. 2 *)+3+)* )2;2 032 ; &2, -2*/, ;& '()*+,)+-(+ .-/()+ )+'-0,/+  ,0 *,-)/(6+ :03)(+32'(3/+ • •

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(RTES MECNICS: EL PIE LA PLATINA CARRO UÑAS O GANCHOS EL TUBO TORNILLOS MACROMETRICO Y MICROMETRICOS

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(RTE *(TIC OBJETI!OS OCULARES DIAGFRAGMA Y CONDENSADORES

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+' EN)O,UE DE! MICROSCO(IO: •

1 B27 )+'-&/2'3/ &2 -&2/(32 ;& '()*+,)+-(+

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# H2)(3;+ 0,+ ;& ')23(,'+ ;& *6+&6* )+&+80 :*3/ 2 &2 -*-2*2)(.3 & +57/(6+ ; '3+* 20'3/+

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K C+&+80 &2 -*-2*2)(.3 '()*+,).-()2 ,+5* &2 -&2/(32 ,07/3;+&2 )+3 &2, -(32, ;& )2**+  )3/* &2 -*-2*2)(.3 92)(3;+ 0,+ ; &+, /+*3(&&+, ;& )2**+  R0& &2 &0 ';(23/ & 0,+ ;& ')23(,'+ ;& ;(2:*2'2 % H2)(3;+ 0,+ ;& /+*3(&&+ '2)*+'@/*()+ ,052 2& '('+ &2 -*-2*2)(.3 92,/2 80 3)03/* /+- ,(3 +5,*62* -+* &+, +)0&2*,  O5,*623;+ 2 /*26@, ;& +)0&2* 2))(+3 & /+*3(&&+ '2)*+'@/*()+ 92,/2 80 6(,02&() &2 ('23 3 & )2'-+ '()*+,).-()+  U32 6 3:+)2;2 &2 ('23 2:(3 & 3:+80 '()*+,).-()+ 92)(3;+ 0,+ ;& /+*3(&&+ '()*+'@/*()+  S( ;,2 '2+* ;/2&& )2'5( ; 20'3/+ *+/23;+ & ')23(,'+ ;& *6+&6* 2 03 +57/(6+ 80 & -*+-+*)(+3 & 20'3/+ ;,2;+ )+**((3;+ & 3:+80 ; ('23 '+6(3;+ & /+*3(&&+ '()*+'@/*()+  *2;023;+ &2 (3/3,(;2; ; &0 )+3 & ;(2:*2'2  D,-0@, ; 925* *2&(2;+ &2 +5,*62)(.3 , &('-(23 &2, &3/, )+3 -2-& &('-(2 &3/, , )+&+)2 & +57/(6+ ; '3+* 20'3/+ 3 -+,()(.3 ; 3:+80 , 5272 &2 -&2/(32 , ;,)+3)/2  , /2-2 E& '()*+,)+-(+ 80;2 &(,/+ -2*2 &2 -*.('2 +5,*62)(.3

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-' (RE(RCIONES MICROSCO(ICS TEM(OR!ES'

&' (RE(RCI*N DE CORC.O: S 9(+ 03 )+*/ ;&2;+  :(3+ ; )+*)9+ 0/(&(23;+ &2 9+72 ; 2:(/2* 3062 E3 03 -+*/2 +57/+, , 2*. 032 +/2 ; 202 ;,/(&2;2  , )+&+). 3 @& & )+*/ ; )+*)9+ )+&+)23;+ 03 )05* +57/+, -*+)0*23;+ 80 80;2*23 50*5072, ; 2(*  , -*+);(. 2 ,0 +5,*62)(.3 '()*+,).-()2 •

+' !ETR IM(RES: S&))(+323;+ &2 &/*2  ', -80>2 3)+3/*2;2 3 & -*(.;()+ , )+*/.  )+&+). 3 03 -+*/2 +57/+, )+3 032 +/2 ; 202 ;,/(&2;2 ,(3;+ )05(*/2 )+3 & )05* +57/+,  +5,*623;+ 3 & '()*+,)+-(+ 0,23;+ & +57/(6+ ,)+ ;@5(&  ,)+ :0*/ •

-' )IBR DE !N O !$OD*N: S )+&+)2*+3 62*(2, :(5*2, ; 2&+;.3 ; ;(:*3/, )+&+*, ,+5* 03 -+*/2+57/+, , & 2>2;(. 032 +/2 ; 202 ;,/(&2;2  , -*+);(. 2 +5,*62* 3 & '()*+,)+-(+ •

/' $RNOS DE (O!EN: S )+&+)2*+3 *23+, ; -+&3 ; 032 :&+* 3 03 -+*/2+57/+, )+3 20;2 ; 03 +/*+ , -0,+ 032 +/2 ; 202  ,+5*@ ,/+ & )05*+57/+, , +5,*6. 3 & '()*+,)+-(+ •

0' (O!VI!!O DE ! DE MRI(OS: S ,-+&6+*+ & 2&2 ; &2 '2*(-+,2 ,+5* 03 -+*/2+57/+, )+3 +&-, ,026, 2*23;+ 032 +/2 ; 202  )+&+)23;+ & )05*+57/+,  92)(3;+ ,0 *,-)/(62 +5,*62)(.3 '()*+,).-()2 •

RESU!TDOS " DISCUSI*N •

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E3 &2 -*)/()2 )+3 & '()*+,)+-(+ .-/()+ )+'-0,/+ , )+'-*3;(*+3 &2, (3,/*0))(+3, -*6(2, ;2;2, -+* &2 5(.&+2 /2&, )+'+ (;3/(:()2* &2, -2*/, .-/()2,  ')3()2, ;& '(,'+  & *)+3+)('(3/+ ;& 0,+ 2;)02;+ ; )2;2 032 ; ,/2, -2*/, E3 &+, -*+);('(3/+, ; -*-2*2)(.3 ; '0,/*2, /'-+*2&, , /*2527. ,(3 (3)+363(3/, 2 80 , 0/(&(2*+3 5(3 &+, '2/*(2&,  , *2&(2*+3 )+**)/2'3/ &+, '@/+;+, ; /*2527+ D (02& '23*2 &2 '23(-0&2)(.3 ;& '()*+,)+-(+ .-/()+ )+'-0,/+ :0 5(3 *2&(2;+  & '+6('(3/+ ; &+, ;(:*3/, +57/(6+, E3 &2 -*)/()2 7)0/2;2 , 2-*3;(. & :03)(+32'(3/+ ;& '()*+,)+-(+ &2 '23*2 3 &2 80 , +5,*623 )2;2 032 ; &2, ;(:*3/, '0,/*2, 2& (02& 80 &2 -+,()(.3  ;(*))(.3 ;& '(,'+

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 A& +5,*62* &2, '0,/*2, , +5/06(*+3 ('3, ', )&2*2,  2)/2, ; &2 ,/*0)/0*2 )+**,-+3;(3/ 2 &+, )+'-+33/, ; @,/2, ;& '(,'+ '+;+ , (;3/(:(). &2 //0*2 ; &2, '0,/*2, ; '23*2 ', ;:(3(;2 , 2,< )+'+ , +5,*6. & )+*)9+ )+3 032 //0*2 ,0*)2;2 2& +5,*62* &2 &/*2  )+3 & '()*+,)+-(+ , +5/06+ 80 , 6 ; '23*2 )+3/*2*(2 2 )+'+ , +5,*62 2 ,('-& 6(,/2 &2, 95*2, ; &+, 2&+;+3, , 3)+3/*2*+3 '0)9+ '2, ;:(3(;2,  , -+;<2 ;;0)(* 80 *23 ; ;(:*3/, )+&+*, &2 '0,/*2 ; -+&3 , 6<2 )+'+ 5+&2, ;('(30/2, )+3 :(&2'3/+,  & -+&6+ ; 2&2 ; '2*(-+,2 , +5,*6. )+'+ -&0'2, 3 /2'2>+ /*'2;2'3/ -80>+

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N1!ISIS DE RESU!TDOS 2,U3 SE OBTUVO " (OR ,U34 •

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 A& 20'3/2* &2 ('23 ; &+, +57/+, 3 & '()*+,)+-(+ 3+, -*'(/ 232&(2* &2 ,/*0)/0*2 (3/*32 ; )@&0&2, /7(;+,  +*23(,'+, 80 , 3)03/*3 2&&< P+;'+, ;:(3(* & -+;* ; 20'3/+ )+'+ &2 )2-2)(;2; 80 -+, & '()*+,)+-(+ -2*2 ;2* 032 ('23 20'3/2;2 ; 03 +57/+ ;()9+ 20'3/+ -0; ,* )2&)0&2;+ '0&/(-&()23;+ & 20'3/+ ;& +)0&2* -+*  & 20'3/+ ;& +57/(6+ 0/(&(2;+ N0,/*2 )2-2)(;2; 6(,02& ,/ ;2;2 -+* &2 &+3(/0; ; +3;2 ; &2 &0 6(,(5& ; (02& '23*2 ,0); )+3 &+, '()*+,)+-(+, 2 ;(:*3)(2 ; 80 &2, &3/, 80 )+3:+*'23 &2 )+&0'32 ;& '()*+,)+-(+ 3+, -*'(/3 +5,*62* &+, ;/2&&, ; &+, +57/+, 80 3+ ,*(2'+, )2-2), ; +5,*62* )+3 ,+&+ 30,/*+, +7+, E& &3/ ;& +57/(6+ 3 03 '()*+,)+-(+ , & )02& ,/ ', )*)2 ; &2 '0,/*2 80 , ,/ ,/0;(23;+  -+* 3; 2'-&(:()23;+ A0380 92 62*(+, &3/, 3 & '()*+,)+-(+ )2;2 03+ ; &+, )02&, *2&(2 032 :03)(.3

;(:*3/ & &3/ ;& +57/(6+ , & 80 '2+* )+3/*(50 2 +5,*62*  '7+*2* & ;/2&& ; &2, '0,/*2, •

L2 '2+*<2 ; &+, '()*+,)+-(+, /(33 /*, + )02/*+ &3/, ;& +57/(6+ = 1$ $  1$$? 3*2&'3/ C2;2 &3/ ;& +57/(6+ 5*(3;2 03 3(6& ;(:*3/ ; '23(:()2)(.3 E& &3/ ', &2*+ =1$$? -+, & '2+* -+;*  ; '23(:()2)(.3 D2;+ 80 & &3/ +57/(6+ ,/ ', )*)2 ; &2 '0,/*2 , & 80 ,/ ', 2&72;+ ;& +7+ ;& +5,*62;+*  & 80 -*+-+*)(+32 & '2+* 20'3/+

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 A& )+&+)2* 3 & -+*/2+57/+, &2 &/*2  ,/2 , +5,*6. 2& *6@,  2& ;,-&22* &2 &/*2 92)(2 2;&23/ , +5,*6. -+* & &3/ 03 '+6('(3/+ )+3/*2*(+ =92)(2 2/*,? ,/+ , ;5 2 80 & &3/ +57/(6+ ;& '()*+,)+-(+ /(3 032 )+*/2 &+3(/0; :+)2& ;,-0@, ; 80 &2 &0 -2,2 2 /*26@, ; &2 '0,/*2 -2,2 -+* & -03/+ :+)2& ;& &3/ +57/(6+ 2,< &2 ('23 :+*'2;2 , (36(*/

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