TRIBHUWAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
TRI-CHANDRA MULTIPLE CAMPUS DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY SARASWOTI SADAN, GHANTAGHAR KATHMANDU, NEPAL
A REPORT ON FAUNAL DIVERSITY OF “ARUNODAYA” Prepared for the fulfillment of field study in Zoology of B.Sc. First Year under the syllabus of T.U.
Prepared by: Sunita Timalsina B.Sc. First Year Symbol No. : 50371165 Year: 2071
TRIBHUWAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
TRI-CHANDRA MULTIPLE CAMPUS DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY SARASWOTI SADAN, GHANTAGHAR KATHMANDU, NEPAL
A REPORT ON FAUNAL DIVERSITY OF “ARUNODAYA” Prepared for the fulfillment of field study in Zoology of B.Sc. First Year under the syllabus of T.U.
Prepared by: Surendra Kumar Subedi B.Sc. First Year Symbol No. : 5037165 Year: 2071
2071-08-03
Approved by: Prof. Shree Prasad Dhoubhadel Head of Department Department of Zoology Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus
Saraswoti Sadan, Ghantaghar Kathmandu,Nepal
Date: 2071-08-03
Cer tif icate of Appr oval This is to certify that report entitled “ General Faunal Survey at Arunodaya ”, submitted by Ms. Sunita Timalsina for the zoology practical of B.Sc. First year, and has been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the completion of first year Bachelor‟s Degree in Science (Zoology). This is his own work and has not previously formed the basis for award of any degree, diploma or any other similar title.
………………………………………… Prof. Shree Prasad Dhoubhadel Head of Department Department of Zoology Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus Ghantaghar, Kathmandu
Acknowledgement The preparation and writing of this report faced much more challenges. In particular, it had to be prepared and delivered within a short time frame. In addition, as a sitting judge with both judicial and administrative responsibilities to my court, I could not devote myself full-time to work. Every report big or small is successful largely due to the effort of a number of wonderful people who have always given their valuable advice or lent a helping hand. I sincerely appreciate the inspiration; support and guidance of all those people who have been instrumental in making this report a success. I, Sunita Timalsina, the student of Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, am extremely grateful to our Department of Zoology for the confidence bestowed in me and entrusting my report entitled “Faunal Diversity” with special reference to TriChandra Multiple Campus. At this juncture I feel deeply honored in expressing my sincere thanks to my field team and teachers for lending me special supervision and providing me kindly cooperation along with prompt data collection leading to the successful completion of my report. I express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to our respected teacher Shree Prasad Dhoubhadel, HOD (Head of Department) of Zoology Department for arranging the field trip study in good schedule. I also extend my gratitude to non-teaching staffs of Department, who assisted me in compiling the report. I would also like to thank all the teachers of Zoology Department for their critical advice and guidance without which this report would not have been possible. Last but not the least I place a deep sense of gratitude to my classmates and my friends who have been constant source of inspiration during the preparation of this report work. Finally I would like to express my thankfulness to the administration, local people on the field and all others who helped me us directly and indirectly during the field trip.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page Certificate of Approval Acknowledgement Pages
1. 2. 3. 4.
Introduction...................................................................... 1 Objectives…………………………………………………. 2 Materials and Method………………………….…………. 3 Observations………………………………………….…… 4
Table 1: Inertebrates Observed in Arunodaya
Table 2: Vertebrates Observed in Arunodaya
Some Observed Invertebrates Ecological Values……………………..……………………9 Discussion and Conclusion.……………………………… 10 Recommendation……….………………………………… 11 References…………………………..…………….……….12
5. 6. 7. 8.
Introduction
As per the requirement of B.Sc. first year course in zoology practical according to the syllabus of 4 years‟ B.Sc. program of T.U., one day trip to Arunodaya village in Tanahun district was taken. The main purpose of this field trip was to survey faunal diversity along with habit, habitat, identification and study of ecological values of invertebrates over there. Arunodaya is a village situated on south-west Tanahun which is about 195 km. from Kathmandu and about 43 km. from Pokhara. It is one of the visiting destination in Tanahun for its wild specimen,invertebrates, avifauna and different types of flora. There ar e two fascinating caves namely „Siddha Gufa‟ and „Chameri Gufa‟ near Arunodaya. Inside the chameri gufa, we can found the bats. I have chosen this place due to my accessibility in terms of transportation and other resources.
This place is rich in water resources and dense forest over the hill, so we can find different types of specimens for observation and study due to the variation in vegetation. I have chosen this place to get more and more benefit in small cost. It is also rich in different types of invertebrates,fishes, amphibians, reptiles and other vertebrates along there.
OBJECTIVES This study is designed to document patterns of faunal diversity and community composition among the ecological habitats at Arunodaya. I have sought to discover which aspects of habitat structure are associated with high levels of diversity. I also want to understand how the ecological habitat contributes to the overall diversity of invertebrates at Arunodaya, and how this diversity arises from the reserve‟s complex habitat mosaic. Furthermore, this report is highly dedicated to make completion of our Zoology course in first year of B.Sc. under the syllabus of T.U. This report is the outcome of our field trip to Arunodaya. The major objectives of our report relating the field trip are highlighted below: • Objective 1. The report is prepared to make the study of diversity found in invertebrates of the area. • Objective 2. It has been prepared to collect information about invertebrates found in Arunodaya area. • Objective 3. The report will identify and evaluate spatially referenced diversity in animals and help to compare them with those present in other parts and around the place. • Objective 4. To track if there is likely to be found some new species of animals.
M ater ials and M ethod In this report various descriptions, terminology and abbreviations are used to describe elements of the data or the source of data used in the analysis. Furthermore, different materials and methods were used and found to be helpful during the preparation of this report. As our field trip was decided we planned to visit our study place by means of locally available transportation by making a crew/team of students under the supervision of our engaged class teacher as guidance to all of us. The transportation facilities were easily available so we didn‟t find it difficult to reach there. After reaching the site, we dispersed in the area in the member of three in different groups and made the clear study and collection of report in the Arunodaya area inclusion to the forest nearby there along with the area inhabited by the local people. We also made a walk up and down the hill so that we can have overlook on different invertebrates on to the way. The different materials we used during our study was hand-globe which made us easy to catch the invertebrates overall the place. Also we used the standard animal‟s records to help us identify the fauna we observed at the site. We took photograph of much of the animals we saw. Also we were lucky to make collection of some of them which we brought for our specimen collection. We also made conversation with the locales about how often the invertebrates are likely to be seen and what efforts have been done to protect them. Moreover, we involved internet help that helped us making analysis of collected overall data on the place along with the supplementary information about the place. In total, past record and reports from different researchers were found much beneficial material which sought past data reference method to complete our report.
Observation The faunal diversity can be classified into :
Invertebrates Vertebrates
As the prescribed syallabus of Zoology,B.Sc. first year course, our aim is to identify and study the habit, habitat of the invertebrates. Beside invertebrates other vertebrates were a;so studied. The faunal studied in the spot are written in the tables.
Table 1: Invertebrates S.N. Scientific name 1. Pheritima posthuma 2. Hirudinaria 3. Apis 4. Scolopendra 5. Pieris 6. Melolontha 7. Vespa orientalis 8. Melanopus 9. Aranea 10 Cancer 11 Photinus 12 Helix
Local name Earthworm Leech Honey bee Centipede Butterfly Beetle Wasp Grasshopper Spider Crab Fire fly Garden snail
Phylum Annelida Annelida Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda Arthropoda Mollusca
Class Order Oligochaeta Neoligochaeta Hirudinea Gnathobdellida Insecta Hymenoptera Myriapoda Chilopoda Insecta Lepidoptera Insecta Coleoptera Insecta Hymenoptera Insecta Orthoptera Arachnida Araneae Crustacea Decapoda Insecta Coleoptera Gastropoda Stylommatophora
The most widely found invertebrates are of arthropods. The dominant of animals species present there are arthropods. As the visit was done on Ashoj, the species such as leech, earthworms,grasshopper were seen on some places only. As the data, there are more than 200 species of butterfly and varities of moths, wasps are found. Similarly different types of dragon fly are found. As our main aim was yo study about the invertebrates according to our syallabus of B.Sc. first year but during the field trip,different varities of vertebrates were also found. There names are collected in thetable below:
Table 2: Vertebrates observed in Arunodaya S.N. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Scientific name Labeo rohita Rana tigrina Bufo melanostictus Hemidactylus Columba livia Corvus Passer domestica Eudynamis Rattus rattus Funambulus Macaca mullata
Common name Rohu Frog Toad Wall lizard Pigeon Crow Sparrow Koel Rat Squirrel Monkey
Some Observed specimens
Spider
Leech
Class Pisces Amphibia Amphibia Reptilia Aves Aves Aves Aves Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia
Order
Anura Anura Cilumbiformes Passeriformes Passeriformes Cuculiformes Rodentia Rodentia Primates
Spider
Earthworm
Garden Snail
Leech
Photinus
Grasshopper
Economic values There are some insects, arthropods and other specimens in that locality in which we have had the survey. The specimens found around there are of great importance. Economic values means both harmful as well as beneficial effects to the mankind and environment. Some species such as Apis, Pieris, Melanopus, Pheritima are very beneficial to the environment as well as to the mankind. But some specimens such as Culex, Musca, bettle causes different types of diseases in human. So insects plays significant role in our daily life. Secretion of some insects are used in medicinal purpose. The molluscs are also of great importance. Some of them are used as food by mankind and some molluscan shells are used as ornamental goods. They are also the source of income. Molluscans as well as arthropods also helps in pollination. Some molluscans as well as annelids are used as bait during fishing. The hard shells of molluscs are used as buttons.
Discussion and Conclusion Finally, we have successfully completed a day of field trip at Arunodaya village in Tanahun district as per the completion of B.Sc. first year zoology practical. Though it was very difficult to study their habit, habitat, and to comment on them, but our teamwork and co-operation between friends, teachers and local people made it possible. It was relly difficult to collect animal species, so we collected some of them as the collection specimen for the submission. During the survey, we found the varities of arthropods( specially insects) as the dominant class of invertebrates followed by molluscs by number. But we also studied about the other class animals around there.
Recommendations
After the completion of field trip at Arunodaya, I would like to consider some points as my recommendations for the protection and continuity of the faunal as well as floral diversity of Arunodaya.
People should be made aware about the conservation of forest resources. The area should be enlisted as Conservation Area,so that the biodiversity present can be conserved. Local people must be aware about the importanceof faunal diversity. The forest area should be increased to improve the habitat of animals. Proper policies should be made to come in action for the proper utilization of forest resources. This area must be declared as a tourist area or research site.
Moreover, the area is also handling previous and ongoing conservation efforts. This effort should be quietly modified and must run on long-term. Thus, this long-term conservation effort helps in the protection of different native and migratory invertebrates as well as vertebrates of this place. It is highly recommended for all general public to make assurement of the best suited conservation area which will finally contribute to make the area rich in natural faunal diversity. Thus, this conservation effort will also help to maintain the protection of endangered and near to extinct faunal species.
References
R.L. Kotpal, A Text Book Of Zoology Vertebrates, Rastogi Publications Shakya, S.R., “Zoology Laboratory Manual”, Part I,Ms. Kushum Shakya, Kathmandu, Nepal
Jordan, E.L. and Verma, P.S. “Invertebrates Zoology”
L.H. Hyman: “The Invertebrates, vol: I-VI”
www.google.com/invertebrates in nepal
www.google.com/photos_of_invertebrates
