report report

FEASIBILITY FEASIBIL ITY OF INSTALLING SOLAR PANELS PANELS

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WAYNE S TATE U NIVER NIVERSITY SITY

EPORT FOR THE I NSTALLATION OF FEASIBILITY R EPORT SOLAR P PANELS AT WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY

ALDINA

KETANOVIC

JAMIE HEDGES SYDNEY BALL MAZIN SHULAIBA

Executive Summary Electrc!l "#!$e # "#e% & l!r$e !'("&t# !t W!)&e St!te *t+ !ll (, t# -"l%&$# !&% C(lle$e# (& c!'."#/ T+# 'e!&# t+!t ! l!r$e !'("&t (, &(&0re&e*!-le re#("rce# !re "#e% .r(%"c&$ .(ll"t(& !&% c(#t&$ t+e "&2er#t) ! l(t (, '(&e) & electrct)/ electrct)/ T+e &#t!ll!t(& &#t!ll!t(& (, #(l!r .!&el# c!& re%"ce t+e !'("&t (, &(&0re&e*!-le re#("rce# "#e% !&% !l#( re%"ce t+e !'("&t (, '(&e) #.e&t (& electrct) (2er t'e/ T+ree crter! *ere e2!l"!te% c(#t l(c!t(& !&% e,,ce&c) t( %eter'&e t+e e,,ect2e&e## (, t+e .r(3ect/ C(#t # (&e (, t+e -$$e#t crter! t+!t +!# t( -e e2!l"!te%/ Wt+("t t+e r$+t !'("&t (, ,"&%&$ ,(r t+e ."rc+!#e !&% &#t!ll!t(& (, t+e #(l!r .!&el# t+e .r(3ect


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c!&&(t -e c('.lete%/ F(r t+e .!&el# t( -e "#e% t( t+er ,"ll .(te&t!l (.t'!l l(c!t(& # &ece##!r)/ T+e -e#t !re!# ,(r &#t!ll!t(& !re .!r5&$ l(t# (r t+e r((,# (, %(r'# (& c!'."#/ T+e) !re *%e0(.e& !re!# t+!t %( &(t +!2e !&) (-3ect# t+!t c!& -l(c5 t+e #"&l$+t ,r(' re!c+&$ t+e .!&el#/ I& (r%er t( l(*er electrc!l c(#t# t+e .!&el# '"#t -e e,,ce&t/ e,,ce&t/ T+e !'("&t (, e&er$) .r(%"ce% -) t+e .!&el# '"#t -e $re!ter t+!& t+e !'("&t "#e%/ F("r 'et+(%# *ere "#e% & (r%er t( (-t!& '!6'"' &,(r'!t(& (& t+e &#t!ll!t(& (, #(l!r .!&el#/ I&ter2e*# *ere c(&%"cte% #t"%e&t# (, W!)&e St!te *ere #"r2e)e% (&l&e re#e!rc+ *!# %(&e !&% %(c"'e&t!t(& %(c" 'e&t!t(& (, c"rre&t e&er$) "#!$e *!# rec(r%e% ,(r #t!t#tc!l re!#(&#/ T+e c(#t (, &#t!ll!t(& (, #(l!r .!&el# *!# c!lc"l!te% '!&"!ll)/ B!#e% #(lel) (,, (, t+e #!2&$# t+e #(l!r .!&el# *("l% -r&$ !&% t+e -"l%&$ #7e t+e ec(&('c .!)(,, .! )(,, *("l% t!5e (2er 89 )e!r#/ H(*e2er *t+ (t+er ,(r'# ,(r'# (, ,"&%&$ t+e .!)(,, c("l% -e c"t & +!l,/ E2e& t+("$+ t+e ec(&('c .!)(,, # l(&$er t+!& %e#re% t+e e&2r(&'e&t!l -e&e,t - e&e,t # :"te l!r$er *t+ t+e !'("&t (, CO4 e'##(& el'&!te% t+r("$+ t+e &#t!ll!t(&/ B) !&!l)7&$ e6#t&$ re#e!rc+ !&% c(&%"ct&$ c (&%"ct&$ re#e!rc+ t *!# c(&cl"%e% t+!t t+& ,l' #(l!r cell# *ere "&re!#(&!-le t( "#e (& c!'."# %"e t( t+e +$+ c(#t !&% l(* e,,ce&c)/ P(l)cr)#t!ll&e .r(2e% t( -e '(re e,,ect2e t+!& t+& ,l' -!#e% (,, c(#t !&% e,,ce&c) le2el/ H(*e2er '(&(cr)#t!ll&e # "lt'!tel) t+e '(#t c(#t e,,ect2e !&% e&er$) e,,ce&t #(l!r .!&el t).e t( !..l) t( t+e "&2er#t)/ M(&(cr)#t!ll&e # (&l) te& ce&t# '(re !t t+e 2!l"e (, ;8/<9 *t+ !l'(#t 19 .erce&t '(re e,,ce&c) t+!& .(l)cr)#t!ll&e/ T+e (.t'!l l(c!t(& *("l% -e ! .!r5&$ #tr"ct"re (r l(t %"e t( t+e 2er#!tlt) (,,ere%/ H(*e2er -"l%&$# #"c+ !# U&2er#t) T(*er# !&% t+e U&%er$r!%"!te L-r!r) *("l% -e %e!l %"e t( t+e !'("&t (, e&er$) #!2&$# !&% -"l%&$ #tr"ct"re/

Table ! "#te#t$

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4/9 O2er2e* O2er2e* (, Alter&!t Alter&!t2e# 2e#

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8/9 Crter Crter! ! 8/1 C(#t 8/ 8/4 L(c!t(&

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FEASIBILITY FEASIBIL ITY OF INSTALLING SOLAR PANELS PANELS 8/ 8/8 E,,ce&c)

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@/9 Met+(% Met+(% @/1 Met+(% 1 I&ter2e* @/4 Met+(% 4 S"r2e) @/8 Met+(% 8 O&l&e Re#e!rc+ @/@ Met+(% @ D(c"'e&t!t(&

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F$"re 1 Gree&+("#e G!# E'##(& 4914 F$"re 4 El'&!t(& (, CO4 F$"re 8 A'("&t (, Tree Pl!&te%

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&'( I#tr)ucti# T+e "#e (, electrct) !t W!)&e W!)&e St!te U&2er#t) # e6tre'el) +$+ "#&$ r("$+l) r("$+l ) 184 'll(&05l(*!tt +("r# (, e&er$) .er )e!r/ T+# re#"lt# & &(t (&l) +$+ c(#t# & electrct) e!c+ )e!r -"t ! l!r$e c!r-(& ,((t.r&t/ ,((t.r&t/ A# ! $r(". t +!# -ee& %ec%e% t+!t !& %e!l *!) t( re%"ce t+e !'("&t (, &(&0re&e*!-le e&er$) c(&#"'e% # t( &#t!ll #(l!r .!&el# (& 2!r("# -"l%&$# (& c!'."#/ St!rt&$ *t+ P!r5&$ Str"ct"re 4 !&% U&2er#t) T(*er# T(*er# t+# *("l% ,"rt+er e6.!&% t( (t+er l(c!t(&# (& c!'."# "lt'!tel) re%"c&$ t+e !'("&t ! '("&t (, e&er$) "#e% !&% #+r&5&$ t+e c!r-(& ,((t.r&t/ It # '.(rt!&t t( c(&#%er t+e &#t!ll!t(& (, #(l!r .!&el# t( "lt'!tel) %ecre!#e t+e !'("&t (, '(&e) #.e&t (& electrct) !# *ell !# .r(%"ce ! cle!& #("rce (, re&e*!-le e&er$)/ T+e


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#(l!r .!&el# *ll +!2e le## (, !& '.!ct (& t+e e&2r(&'e&t -) re%"c&$ t+e !'("&t ! '("&t (, c!r-(& %(6%e e'##(&# .r(%"ce%/ Se2er!l ,(r'# (, !lter&!t2e *ere ,("&% &c l"%&$ &' *#c *#cry ry$ta $talli lli#e #e Sla Slarr Pa#el$ Pa#el$ Al#( 5&(*& !# t+e #&$le cr)#t!ll&e #lc(&e t+e) !re '!%e (, +$+ :"!lt) #lc(& !&% +!2e t+e +$+e#t .er,(r'!&ce r!te#/ +' Plyc Plycry ry$ta $talli lli#e #e Sla Slarr Pa#e Pa#el$ l$ Al#( 5&(*& !# t+e .(l)#lc(& #(l!r .!&el t+e#e #(l!r .!&el# !re !l#( '!%e ,r(' #lc(& -"t !re '(re c(#t e,,ce&t t+!& t+e '(&(cr)#t!ll&e #(l!r .!&el#/ ,' T-i# T-i# Film Film Slar Slar Pa#e Pa#el$ l$ It # '!%e (, .+(t(2(lt!c ele'e&t# !&% t # l$+t*e$+t/ T+e t+& ,l' #(l!r .!&el # !l#( 2er) e!#) t( '!## .r(%"ce/

T+e#e .!&el# +!2e cert!& crter! t( 'eet c('.r#&$ c( '.r#&$ (, c(#t l(c!t(& !&% e,,ce&c)/ All t+ree crter! !re ,"&%!'e&t!l t(*!r%# t+e #"cce## (r ,!l"re (, t+e #(l!r .!& el# *t+ c(#t -e&$ t+e '(#t 2t!l (, t+ree/ Re#e!rc+ *!# c(&%"cte% t( c(&cl"%e t+e '(#t e,,ce&t #(l!r .!&el ,(r t+e "&2er#t)/ Te& Te& :"e#t(& :"e#t(&&!re# *ere $2e& t( e&#"re t+e #t"%e&t -(%) !&% ,!c"lt) #tr(&$l) !$ree% *t+ t+e &ee% t( re%"ce t+e "&2er#t)# c!r-(& ,((t.r&t !&% &#t!ll #(l!r .!&el# *t+& t+e c!'."#/ I& !%%t(& t( #"r2e)# &ter2e*# *ere c(&%" cte% (& .r(,e##(&!l# &cl"%&$ L!rr) F(%(r t+e Drect(r (, E&er$) M!&!$e'e&t !t W!)&e W!)&e St!te U&2er#t) !&% M!r5 H!$ert) .re#%e&t (, S(l!r S(l"t(&# t( $!& &,(r'!t(& (, c(#t !&% &#t!ll!t(&/ &#t!ll!t(&/ T+e c(#t (, &#t!ll!t(& (, #(l!r .!&el# *!# c!lc"l!te% '!&"!ll)/ B!#e% #(lel) (,, (, t+e #!2&$# t+e #(l!r .!&el# *("l% -r&$ t+e ec(&('c ec(& ('c .!)(,, *("l% t!5e (2er 89 )e!r#/ )e! r#/ H(*e2er *t+ (t+er ,(r'# (, ,"&%&$ t+e .!)(,, c("l% -e c"t & +!l,/ E2e& t+("$+ t+e ec(&('c .!)(,, # l(&$er t+!& %e#re% t+e e&2r(&'e&t!l -e&e,t # :"te l!r$er *t+ t+e !'("&t (, CO4 e'##(& el'&!te% t+r("$+ t+e &#t!ll!t(&/ B) !&!l)7&$ e6#t&$ re#e!rc+ !&% c(&%"ct&$ re#e!rc+ t *!# c(&cl"%e% t+!t t+& ,l' #(l!r cell# *ere '.r!ctc!l t( "#e (& c!'."# %"e t( t+e +$+ c(#t !&% l(* e,,ce&c)/ e,,ce&c)/ P(l)cr)#t!ll&e .r(2e# t( -e '(re e,,ect2e e,,ect2e t+!& t+& ,l' -!#e% (,, c(#t !&% e,,ce&c) le2el/ H(*e2er '(&(cr)#t!ll&e '(&(cr)#t!ll&e # "lt'!tel) t+e '(#t c(#t e,,ect2e e,,ect2e !&% e&er$) e,,ce&t #(l!r .!&el t).e t( !..l) t( t+e "&2er#t)/

+'( Overvie. ! Alter#ative$

I&#te!% (, t+e e6te&#2e e6 te&#2e !'("&t (, ,(##l ,"el# "#e% !t W!)&e St!te U&2er#t) U&2er#t) #(l!r .!&el# t+!t .r(2%e ! re&e*!-le !lter&!t2e e&er$) #+("l% -e '.le'e&te% *t+& t+e c!'."#/ T+e#e #(l!r .!&el# t!5e t+e e&er$) (, t+e #"& !&% c(&2ert t &t( electrc!l c"rre&t/ M(&(cr)#t!ll&e .(l)cr)#t!ll&e !&% t+& ,l' !re t+ree t).e# (, #(l!r .!&el# "#e% ,(r e &er$) c(&#er2!t(&/ T+e c(&#tr"ct(& (, t+e#e #(l!r .!&el# cre!te# 2!re% e,,ce&c) le2el# !&% .er,(r'!&ce J!l2!re7 491=/


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&' *#c *#cry ry$ta $talli lli#e #e Sla Slarr Pa#el$ Pa#el$ Al#( 5&(*& !# t+e #&$le cr)#t!ll&e #lc(&e t+e) !re '!%e (, +$+ :"!lt) #lc(& !&% +!2e t+e +$+e#t .er,(r'!&ce r!te#/ T+e '(&(cr)#t!ll&e #(l!r .!&el# !re t+e '(#t e,,ce&t *t+ e,,ce&c) r!te# ,r(' 1< t( 49 .erce&t/ T+e %(*& #%e (, t+e#e '(&(cr)#t!ll&e #(l!r .!&el# !re t+!t t+e) !re 2er) c(#tl) -ec!"#e t+e) !re '!%e (, (, +$+ :"!lt) #lc(&/ +' Plyc Plycry ry$ta $talli lli#e #e Sla Slarr Pa#e Pa#el$ l$ Al#( 5&(*& !# t+e .(l)#lc(& #(l!r .!&el t+e#e #(l!r .!&el# !re !l#( '!%e ,r(' #lc(& -"t !re '(re c(#t e,,ce&t t+!& t+e '(&(cr)#t!ll&e #(l!r .!&el#/ D"e t( ! l(*er #lc(& ."rt) le2el t+e e,,ce&c) r!te# !re l(*er t+!& t+e '(&(cr)#t!ll&e/ T+e e,,ce&c) r!te (, t+e .(l)cr)#t!ll&e # 1801= .erce&t/ T+e#e .!&el# !l#( re:"re ! $re!ter %e!l (, #.!ce/ ,' T-i# T-i# Film Film Slar Slar Pa#e Pa#el$ l$ T+e %#!%2!&t!$e# ("t*e$+ t+e !%2!&t!$e#/ It # '!%e (, .+(t(2(lt!c ele'e&t# !&% t # l$+t*e$+t/ T+e t+& ,l' #(l!r .!&el # !l#( 2er) e!#) t( '!## .r(%"ce/ T+e %#!%2!&t!$e# !re t+!t t +!# ! 2er) 2e r) l(* .er,(r'!&ce c('.!re% t( t+e (t+er t).e# (, #(l!r .!&el# '!5&$ t+e' &e,,ce&t/ T+e t+& ,l' #(l!r .!&el +!# e,,ce&c) le2el# (, >018 .erce&t/ T+e t+& ,l' re:"re# t+e $re!te#t !'("&t (, #.!ce ("t (, t+e t+ree t).e#/ T+e l,e #.!& ,(r t+e #(l!r .!&el# # rel!t2el) #+(rt/

T+e#e .!&el# .r(2%e ! #te..&$ #t((l t(*!r% re%"c&$ t+e "&2er#t)# "&2er#t)# c!r-(& ,((t.r&t/ T+e) *ll &tr(%"ce ! l!r$er !'("&t (, re&e*!-le e&er$) e& er$) !&% #"-#e:"e&tl) c+!& re!ct(& cre!te '(re !*!re&e## t(*!r%# t+e e&2r(&'e&t & t+e #"rr("&%&$ c(''"&t) M!e+"l' 491=/

,'( "riteria

W+e& l((5&$ &t( .+(t(2(lt!c #)#te'# t+ere !re 2!r("# (-3ect2e# t+!t +!2e t( -e c!lc"l!te% !&% !cc("&te% ,(r/ T+e#e (-3ect2e# &cl"%&$ c(#t l(c!t(& !&% e,,ce&c) !re -!#e% (,, crter! t+!t c!& +&%er (r .r($re## t+e .r(3ect/ T+e) t!5e &t( !cc("&t -(t+ t+e .(#t2e !&% &e$!t2e# t( re#"lt & t+e '(#t .!r!'("&t #(l"t(&/


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/'& Re$earc- *et-) &0 Interviews &0 Interviews T+e '(#t e##e&t!l ,(r' (, re#e!rc+ t( %e2el(. ! -!## (& t+# .r(3ect *!# ce&tere% (& &ter2e*# c(&##t&$ (, = t( 14 :"e#t(&# *t+ &%2%"!l# .r('&e&t & t+e ,el%/ E!c+ (, t+e#e &%2%"!l# .r(2%e% cr"c!l &,(r'!t(& re$!r%&$ #(l!r .!&el e,,ce&c) e,,ce&c) c(#t !&% .r(#.ect2e '.le'e&t!t(& *t+ t+e "&2er#t)/ T+e ,(ll(*&$ .r(,e##(&!l# *ere c(&t!cte% &' Larry F)r )r He # t+e Drect(r (, E&er$) M!&!$e'e&t ,r(' F!clte# Pl!&&&$  M!&!$e'e&t FPM/ FPM/ He .r(2% .r(2%e% e% cr"c! cr"c!ll &,(r' &,(r'!t !t(& (& re$!r% re$!r%&$ &$ t+e -e#t -e#t l(c!t l(c!t(&# (&# !&% ,&!&c ,&!&c!l !l ,e!#-lt) (, t+e .r(3ect/ +' *ar1 ar1 Ha% Ha%erty He # ! ,(r'er #(l!r e&$&eer !&% c"rre&t .re#%e&t (, Mc+$!& S(l!r S(l"t(&#/ He $!2e e##e&t!l &,(r'!t(& ,(r t+e %,,ere&t t).e# (, #(l!r .!&el# &cl"%&$ c(#t !&% e,,ce&c)/

A%2ce !&% &,(r'!t(& re$!r%&$ t+e -("&%!re# -("& %!re# !&% &ece##te# re$!r%&$ #(l!r cell &#t!ll!t(& (& c!'."# *!# .r(2%e% 2! c(&2er#!t(&# *t+ t+e#e &%2%"!l#/ T+e ,"ll :"e#t(&&!re *t+ e6te&#2e re#.(&#e# ,r(' e!c+ (, t+e .r(,e##(&!l# c!& -e ,("&% & t+e A..e&%6 B I&ter2e* Re#"lt#/

/'+ Re$earc- *et-) +0 Survey +0 Survey of Wayne Wayne State State Students and and Faculty S"r2e) S"r2e)## *ere *ere c(&%" c(&%"ct cte% e% t( $!$e $!$e t+e t+e re#. re#.(& (&#e #e (, t+e c(''" c(''"& &t) t) !t W!)&e )&e St!t St!tee U&2er#t) U&2er#t)// St"%e&t# !&% ,!c"lt) ,!c"lt) *ere c(&#%ere% c(&#%ere% & re#e!rc+ re#e!rc+ %"e t( t+e ,!ct t+!t ! tr!&#t(& tr!&#t(& t( #(l!r .!&el# *("l% -e ! +e!2l) c(&tr(2er#!l t(.c/ T+e c(''"&t) !t W!)&e St!te U&2er#t) *("l% -e %rectl) !,,ecte% -) t+# c+!&$e !&% t+er !ttt"%e# !&% re#.(&#e# t(*!r% t+e .(##-le &#t!ll!t(& (, #(l!r .!&el# *ere e##e&t!l/ T+e #"r2e) c(&##te% (, > :"e#t(&#/ It It *!# $2e& !t r!&%(' t( ! .((l (, 199 .!rtc.!&t# *+( !tte&% (r *(r5 !t W!)&e St!te U&2er#t)/ T+e c('.le% #"r2e) c!& -e ,("&% & A..e&%6 A S"r2e) Re#"lt#/

/', Re$earc- *et-) ,0 Online Research


19

Wrtte& Wrtte& %(c"'e&t# *ere e##e&t!l t( re&,(rce# !&% e6.!&% e6.! &% (& re#e!rc+ !lre!%) c(llecte%/ c( llecte%/ T+e %(c"'e&t# !cc("&te% +e!2l) ,(r t+e !%2!&t!$e# !&% %#!%2!&t!$e# (, t+e '(&(cr)#t!ll&e .!&el# .(l)cr)#t!ll&e .!&el# t+& ,l' .!&el#/ T+e re#e!rc+ re$!r%&$ t+e .r(# !&% c(&# (, %,,ere&t #(l!r cell t).e# *!# ,r(' E&er$) I&,(r'!t2e !& (r$!&7!t(& t+!t .r(2%e# &0%e.t+ !&!l)## (, #(l!r .!&el#/ O&e (, t+e +$+l$+t# (, t+er *(r5 # ! S(l!r P!&el C('.!r#(& t!-le *+c+ .r(2%e# #t!t#tc# re$!r%&$ t+e (.t'!l #(l!r .!&el# & !cc(r%!&ce t( t+e "#er# &."t ,(r '!&",!ct"rer cell t).e .(*er r!&$e !&% e&er$) e,,ce&c)/ Ac!%e'c re#("rce# *ere +e!2l) %e.e&%e&t (& (,,c!l $(2er&'e&t *e-#te# !&% *ell !# ."-l#+e% . "-l#+e% 3("r&!l# !&% te6t-((5#/

/'/ Re$earc- *et-) /0 Documentatio /0 Documentation n of Current Wayne Wayne State Energy Usage D(c"'e D(c"'e&t# &t# (& t+e '(& '(&t+l t+l) ) e&er$) e&er$) "#!$e & 5W+ !t W!)&e !)&e St!te St!te U&2er U&2er#t #t) ) *ere *ere .r(2%e% -) t+e E&er$) M!&!$e'e&t C(''ttee/ T+e %(c"'e&t# &cl"%e% t+e c(#t# ,(r -"l%&$# t+!t "tl7e t+e '(#t e&er$) (& c!'."# *+c+ *ll -e "#e% !# c('.!r#(&# t( t+e c!lc"l!te% re#"lt#/ T+e e&er$) c(&#"'.t(& !&% c(#t# (, t+e -"l%&$# !re %(c"'e&te% ,r(' Fe-r"!r) 491< t( J!&"!r) 491=/ T+e ,"ll %(c"'e&t # &cl"%e% & t+e A..e&%6 C E&er$) C(&#"'.t(&/

2'( Evaluati#

Gl(-!ll) t+ere +!# -ee& !& &cre!#e & e&er$) c(&#"'.t(& !&% !# ! re#"lt !& &cre!#e & $ree&+("#e $!# e'##(&/ T+e r!te (, e&er$) c(&#"'.t(& !cr(## t+e $l(-e &cre!#e% -) 4/1 -et*ee& 4911 !&% 4914 A'!& 491</ T+# &cre!#e #+(*# !& e6.(&e&t!l $r(*t+ *+e& c('.!re% t( t+e &cre!#e -et*ee& t+e )e!r# (, 4999 t( 4919 *+c+ *!# 4/@ A'!& 491</ T+# e6tre'e $r(*t+ #+(*# t+e "r$e&c) &#tt"t(&# #"c+ !# W!)&e St!te# &ee% t( t!5e & re$!r%# t( e&er$) c(&#"'.t(&/


11

F$"re 1 !cc("&t# ,(r t+e &ece##t) (, &#t!ll&$ #(l!r .!&el# (& -"l%&$# !t W!)&e St!te

Greenhouse Gas Emission in 2012 12

10

8

0.18 0.25 0.31

3.2

Waste ater treatment !o"id Was Was te #ndustria" $ro%ess

6

&rans & rans 'ort 'ortation ation (ui"din)s and *a%i"ities

4 6.7 2

0

10.6 Mt Carbon Dioxide Emission

U&2er#t)/ A# #+(*& & F$"re 1 -"l%&$# !&% ,!clte# & Detr(t re#"lt & !l'(#t t*ce !# '"c+ $ree&+("#e $!# e'##(&# c('.!re% t( t+e (t+er ele'e&t# C!rl#(& 491@/

Fr(' re#e!rc+ $!t+ere% t+r("$+ #"r2e)&$ t+e #t"%e&t #t"%e&t -(%) !&% 2!r("# 2!r("# &ter2e*# &ter2e*# t+e '.le' '.le'e&t! e&t!t( t(& & (, #(l!r #(l!r e&er$) e&er$) !t W!)&e !)&e St!te St!te U&2er U&2er#t #t) ) *("l% *("l% .r(2% .r(2%ee ,(r !& !rr!) !rr!) (, e&2r(&'e&t!l !&% #(c!l !%2!&t!$e#/ W!)&e St!te U&2er#t) *("l% #ee ! l!r$e e&2r(&'e&t!l -e&e,t ,r(' &#t!ll&$ .+(t(2(lt!c .+(t(2( lt!c #)#te'# PV #)#te'#/ I&#t!ll&$ PV #)#te'# # )#te'# *t+& 3"#t (&e -"l%&$ *("l% *(" l% #ee 'll(&# (, .("&%# (, CO 4 el'&!t(& !&&"!ll)/ F$"re 4 #+(*# t+e !'("&t (, c!r-(& %(6%e el'&!t(& -!#e% (,, e!c+ -"l%&$/ - "l%&$/

Figure 1: Citywide greenhouse gas emission in Detroit by activity. Amounts are expressed in millions of metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents.


14

$ounds o C E"iminated 120000000 10307140 100000000 80000000 6348567 60000000 44352146 40000000 20000000 0

+G,

$ar ar-in) !t !trru% u%tu turre 2

+niier +n ersi sit/ t/ &o oer ers s

Figure : !ounds of C"  eliminated annually.

T( re!ll) #c!le t+e !'("&t (, '.!ct t+# el'&!t(& *("l% +!2e F$"re 8 #"..le'e&t# t+e CO4 el'&!t(&/ F$"re 8 #+(*# t+e !'("&t (, tree# t+!t !re *(rt+ t+e el'&!t(& (, CO4 !&&"!ll)/


18

mount o &rees $"anted 160000

14470

140000 120000 2713

100000 80000

64302

60000 40000 20000 0

+G, +G ,

$ar ar-i -in) n) !t !tru ru%t %tur ure e2

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A,ter e6te&#2e re#e!rc+ t+& ,l' #(l!r .!&el# +!2e -ee& c('.letel) r"le% ("t ,r(' t+e .r(3ect/ T+e#e .!&el# c(#t 19 .erce&t '(re t+!& '(&(cr)#t!ll&e .!&el# c(&#%ere% t+e '(#t e,,ce&t -r&$ t+e' t( ! .rce (, ;8/?=W%c/ T+e t+& ,l' #(l!r .!&el &%"#tr) c("l% &(t c('.ete *t+ t+e c(#t c"t# (, t+e '(&(cr)#t!ll&e '(&(cr)#t!ll&e !&% .(l)cr)#t!ll&e #(l!r #(l!r .!&el#/ T+# '!5e# t+& ,l' (&ce *+!t *!# t+e c+e!.e#t t+e '(#t e6.e&#2e (, t+e t+ree .!&el# *t+ t+e *(r#t e,,ce&c) !&% l(*e#t l,e #.!&/ T+e#e .!&el# *("l% &(t .!) ("t & t+e e&%/ W+e& c('.!r&$ t+e &#t!ll!t(& c(#t (, t+e t*( t).e# t ).e# (, #(l!r .!&el .(l)cr)#t!ll&e cell# !re c+e!.er & re$!r%# t( .r(%"ct(& . r(%"ct(& +(*e2er '(&(cr)#t!ll&e cell# !re !l'(#t 19 '(re e,,ce&t/ W+e& !&!l)7&$ t+e .!)(,, '(&(cr)#t!ll&e #(l!r .!&el# (&l) t!5e ! )e!r '(re t( .!) (,, %"e t( t+e e6tr! 19 ce&t#/ M(&(cr)#t!ll&e *("l% cle!rl) -e t+e t+e %e!l c+(ce ,(r &#t!ll!t(& &#t!ll!t(& !t W!)&e W!)&e St!te U&2er#t)/ It *("l% -e %,,c"lt ,(r W!)&e W!)&e St!te t( c(&2ert '(re t+!& (&e -"l%&$ !t ! t'e %"e t( t+e +$+ &#t!ll!t(& c(#t J!l2!re7 491=/

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A,ter e6te&#2e &ter2e*# t+e "lt'!te l(c!t(& ,(r t+e &#t!ll!t(& *("l% -e ! .!r5&$ #tr"ct"re & t+# c!#e P!r5&$ Str"ct"re 4/ A,ter !& &ter2e* *t+ *t+ L!rr) F(%(r t *!# c(&cl"%e% .!r5&$ #tr"ct"re# (,,er ! ,!r '(re '(re 2er#!tle !re! (2er -"l%&$/ R((,# !re &(t !# .r'e (, ! l(c!t(& -ec!"#e t+e) &ee% '!&te&!&ce e2er) ,e* )e!r#/ W+le .!r5&$ #tr"ct"re# *("l% -e t+e '(#t c(&2e&e&t l(c!t(& -ec!"#e ! c!&(.) c("l% e!#l) -e &#t!lle% t( .r(2%e e&er$) F(%(r 491=/ H(*e2er t+# %(e# &(t c('.letel) r"le ("t -"l%&$#/ It # #tll .r(-!-le t( &#t!ll .!&el# (& r((,/ O&e %(e# &ee% t( t!5e &t( !cc("&t t+e #+!.e !&% #7e (, t+e r((,/ G(t+c !&% re&!##!&ce !rc+tect"re *("l% &(t -e (.t'!l %"e t+e c"r2e% #+!.e# (, t+e r((,#/ A&(t+er ##"e e&c("&tere% # t+e Mc+$!& *e!t+er/ F(r t+e #(l!r .!&el# t( r"& e,,ce&tl) t+e) &ee% !& %e!l l(c!t(& ,(r #"&l$+t/ D"r&$ Mc+$!& *&ter# t+e #t"%e&t# !&% ,!c"lt) *("l% +!2e t( -e *!r) (, +(* '"c+ e&er$) # -e&$ & (r%er ( r%er ,(r t+e #(l!r .!&el# t( &(t ,!l/ T+# *("l% .r(2%e ! #l$+t &c(&2e&e&ce ,(r t+e c(''"&t) !t W!)&e W!)&e St!te U&2er#t)/ U&2er#t)/ T+e *e!t+er & t+e Detr(t Metr( Are! (&l) .r(2%e# !& !2er!$e (, @/4 #"& +("r# %!l)/ T+# re:"re# ! '(re !%2!&ce #)#te' t( '!5e ". ,(r t+e 1/? +("r# (, t+e %!)/ It # !l#( &(t .(##-le t( "#e #(l!r .!&el# !l(&e !# ! .r'!r) #("rce ,(r electrct) %"e t( t+e "&.re%ct!-lt) (, *e!t+er "&le## t+e re'!&%er (, e&er$) # ,"l,lle% ,r(' ! $r%/ W+e& #(l!r .!&el# !re .!re% *t+ e&er$) #t(r!$e #"c+ !# -!ttere# t+e #t!-lt) (, t+# e&er$) #("rce &cre!#e# -"t t+e c(#t (, e6tr! #t(r!$e #t(r!$e # '(re e6.e&#2e/ e6.e&#2e/ W+le W+le l(c!t(& '!) .r(2%e (-#t!cle# (-#t!cle# *t+ *t+ ! #tr(&$ #tr(&$ e&("$+ #)#te' t # .(##-le . (##-le t( &#t!ll !& e,,ce&t #)#te' !t W!)&e W!)&e St!te U&2er#t)/

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W!)&e W!)&e St!te &ee%# t( re%"ce t# c!r-(& ,((t.r&t -) t!5&$ $re!ter #te.# t(*!r% %ecre!#&$ ,(##l ,"el c(&#"'.t(& !&% $(&$ $ree&/ I&#t!ll&$ #(l!r .!&el# !# !& !lter&!t2e e&er$) *("l% -e -e&e,c!l #(c!ll) !&% ec(&('c!ll)/ ec(&( 'c!ll)/ T+r("$+ 2!r("# #"r2e)# t *!# ,("&% t+!t t+e #t"%e&t -(%) !&% ,!c"lt) !t W!)&e W!)&e St!te U&2er#t) "lt'!tel) .r(rt7e #te.# t!5e& t(*!r%# !lter&!t2e e&er$)/ T+ree t).e# (, .!&el# *ere t!5e& &t( !cc("&t !cc( "&t !&% !&!l)7e% !# ,(ll(*#

&' *# *#cr cry$ y$ta tall lli# i#ee M(&(cr)#t!ll&e !re c(&#%ere% t+e '(#t (.t'!l c+(ce/ T+e .!&el# +!2e ! 1<049 e,,ce&c) %e!l ,(r t+e *e!t+er & Mc+$!&/ T+e) +!2e ! )e!r l(&$er .!)(,, c('.!re% t( P(l)cr)#t!ll&e/ M(&(cr)#t!ll&e #(l!r .!&el# +!2e t+e l(&$e#t l,e #.!& (, !ll t+ree .!&el# !&% re:"re t+e le!#t !'("&t (, '!&te&!&ce/ +' Ply Plycr cry$ y$ta tall lli# i#ee P(l)cr)#t!ll&e #(l!r .!&el *ere 2!l"e% !t ;8/<9 *t+ (&l) ! 19 ce&t %,,ere&ce ,r(' '(&(cr)#t!ll&e/ D"e t( ! l(*er #lc(& ."rt) le2el t+e e,,ce&c) r!te# !re l(*er t+!& t+e '(&(cr)#t!ll&e r"&&&$ !t 1801= .erce&t .erce &t e,,ce&c)/ T+e#e .!&el# !l#( (&l) +!2e (&e )e!r le## (, .!)(,, c('.!re% t( '(&(cr)#t!ll&e ,' T-i# Fi Film T+& ,l' #(l!r .!&el# +!2e -ee& c('.letel) r"le% ("t ,r(' t+e .r(3ect/ T+e#e .!&el# c(#t 19 .erce&t '(re t+!& '(&(cr)#t!ll&e .!&el# c(&#%ere% t+e '(#t e,,ce&t -r&$ t+e' t( ! .rce (, ;8/?=W%c/ T+e#e .!&el# *("l% &(t &( t .!) ("t & t+e e&% %"e t( t+e +$+er c(#t ,(r l(*er e,,ce&c)/

T+r("$+ t+e e6te&#2e re#e!rc+ t+& ,l'e% #(l!r .!&el# *ere c(&#%ere% t( -e t+e *(r#t c+(ce ,(r t+e c!'."#/ T+e '(&(cr)#t!ll&e *ere c(&#%ere% t+e (.t'!l c+(ce *t+ t+er e,,ce&c) !&% c(#t/

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T+e rec(''e&%e% c("r#e (, !ct(& # t( -e$& &#t!ll&$ #(l!r .!&el# & l(c!t(&# t+!t !re '(#t (.t'!l ,(r #(l!r !-#(r.t(&/ T+e ,r#t l(c!t(&# t+!t #+("l% -e c(&#%ere% ,(r #(l!r cell &#t!ll!t(& !re &' "a#< "a#
I& (r%er t( %eter'&e t+e !'("&t (, ( , #(l!r .!&el# t+!t c!& -e &#t!lle% & ! .er(% (, t'e *e c!& *e$+ t+e &#t!ll!t(& c(#t# !$!&#t t+e !'("&t ! '("&t (, '(&e) #!2e% .er )e!r/ T+e#e rec(''e&%!t(&# !re -!#e% (& t+e c"rre&t ,&!&c!l !&% e&2r(&'e&t!l #t"!t(& (, W!)&e W!)&e St!te/ S('e #te.# t+!t c!& -e t!5e& t( !ct (& t+e#e rec(''e&%!t(&# &cl"%e ."-lc !%2(c!t&$ (, #(l!r cell &#t!ll!t(& !# *ell !# re!c+&$ ("t t( t+e .re#%e&t (, W!)&e St!te Dr/ M/ R() Wl#(&/ Wl#(&/

='( Re!ere#ce$


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A'!& M/ S(l!&$ K/ H(##!& M/ B!%!r"%& B!% !r"%& A/ J!#'(& G/ M(5+l# H/ / / / K!7 S/ 491</ A re2e* re2e* (, S!,et) He!lt+ !&% E&2r(&'e&t!l SHE ##"e# (, #(l!r e&er$) #)#te'/ Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 41 1190149@/ Retre2e% A.rl 9= 491= +tt.***/#ce&ce%rect/c('/.r(6)/ +tt.***/ #ce&ce%rect/c('/.r(6)/l-/*!)&e/e%"#ce&ce!rtcle.S18=@98411@99>>8 l-/*!)&e/e%"#ce&ce!rtcle.S18=@98411@99>>8 @

C!rl#(& J/ C((.er J/ D(&!+"e M/ Ne!le M/  R!$l!&% A/ 491@ Se.te'-er/ Ct) (, Detr(t Gree&+("#e G!# I&2e&t(r) A& !&!l)## (, Ct)*%e !&% M"&c.!l E'##(&# ,(r 4911 !&% 4914 Re./ N(/ CSS1@041/ Retre2e% A.rl  491= ,r(' U&2er#t) (, Mc+$!& Ce&ter ,(r S"#t!&!-le S)#te'# Sc+((l (, N!t"r!l Re#("rce# !&% E&2r(&'e&t *e-#te +tt.c##/#&re/"'c+/e%"c##%(cCSS1@041/.%,

J!l2!re7/ Be#t Re#e!rc+0Cell E,,ce&ce#/ NREL, 491=/ We-/ 4< A.r/ 491=/ +tt.***/&rel/$(2&c.2'!$e#e,,ce&c)c+!rt/3.$

M!e+l"' M!t+!# A!rre/ S(l!r E&er$) Pr(# !&% C(&# 0 E&er$) I&,(r'!t2e/ Energy A.r/ 491=/ Informative/ E&er$) I&,(r'!t2e 14 M!) 491@/ We-/ 4< A.r/ +tt.e&er$)&,(r'!t2e/(r$#(l!r0e&er$)0.r(#0!&%0c(&#

N!t(&!l Re&e*!-le E&er$) L!-(r!t(r) NREL H('e P!$e/ National Renewable Energy A.r/ 491=/ Laboratory (NREL) Home age/ NREL 4< Fe-/ 491=/ We-/ 4< A.r/ +tt.***/&rel/$(2

APPEN7I> A0 SURVEY RESULT RESULTS S


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Financially, solar panels would benet Wayne State in the long term. ther$"ease !'e%i/

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I am aware of Solar Technology. ther$"ease !'e%i/

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Installing solar panels would hae a positie efect on the commmunity. ther$"ease !'e%i/ !'e%i/0

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I would support Wayne States moe toward renewable energy. ther$"ease !'e%i/ 1

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If the uniersity took greater measures to use renewable energy, I would be more likely to recommend Wayne State to prospectie students. ther$"ease !'e%i/ 1

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48

APPEN7I> B0 INTERVIEW RESULTS

Larry F)r I#tervie. ?ue$ti#$

1/ W+!t !re !re t+e '(#t !2!l! !2!l!-le -le !&% (.t'!l (.t'!l l(c!t(& l(c!t(&## t( &#t!ll &#t!ll #(l!r #(l!r .!&el# .!&el# (& c!'."# c!'."# & re$!r%# t( #.!ce C!&(.e# & .!r5&$ l(t# #"c+ !# t+e l(t -) M!tt+!/ T+e) !re e!#er t( '!&t!& R((,# &(t !# $((% -ec!"#e t+e) &ee% '!&te&!&ce e2er) #( (,te& #"c+ !# &e* r((, le!5!$e t+e e&er$) ,r(' t+e #(l!r .!&el# (& t+e r((,# &ee% #('e*+ere t( $( #"c+ !# !& e&er$) e &er$) r((' (& t+e t(. ,l((r *+c+ # %,,c"lt t( '!5e #.!ce ,(r *+c+ # *+) t # e!#er t( +!2e r((' & .!r5&$ l(t# • •

4/ Wll Wll t+e &#t!ll!t &#t!ll!t(& (& (, '(re #(l!r #(l!r .!&el# .(#e .(#e !&) ,&!&c!l ,&!&c!l ##"e# ##"e# ,(r t+e t+e "&2er#t) "&2er#t) Ye# Ye# -ec!"#e t+e) !re 2er) e6.e&#2e t( &#t!ll !&% '!&t!& O&l) 49 (, e&er$) .r(%"ce% ,r(' t+e .!&el# # "#e!-le , @999 5l(*!tt# *ere .r(%"ce% (&l) 49 (, t+!t *("l% -e "#e% ,(r e&er$) • •

8/ D( )(" -ele2e -ele2e t t # ,e!#,e!#-le le & t+# t+# cl'!te cl'!te t( t( &#t!ll &#t!ll #(l!r #(l!r .!&el# .!&el# It *("l% -e '(re ,e!#-le & ! %e#ert #"c+ !# Ar7(&! *+ere t+e) $et '(re #"&l$+t •

@/ D( )(" t+&5 t+&5 W!) W!)&e &e St!te c("l% c("l% "#e e&$&eer e&$&eer&$ &$ #t"%e&t# #t"%e&t# ,(r t+e t+e %e2el(.'e&t %e2el(.'e&t (r &#t!ll!t(& (, t+e #(l!r .!&el# (r *("l% t -e t(( l!r$e (, ! l!-lt) It # t(( l!r$e (, ! l!-lt) t(( #.ec!l7e% -ec!"#e )(" *("l% -e l((5&$ &t( '(re (, #5lle% tr!%e# T+e "&2er#t) # ! "&(& e&2r(&'e&t *+( *("l% +re ("t t+er (*& .e(.le .e( .le ,r(' t+e "&(& t( %( t •

•

=/ W+c+ %( )(" t+&5 t+&5 #+("l% -e c(&#%ere% c(&#%ere% ! t(..r(r t(..r(rt) t) ,(r #(l!r #(l!r cell &#t!ll! &#t!ll!t(& t(& (& t+# t+# c!'."# ,&!&ce# !2!l!-le #.!ce (r t+e e&er$) e,,ce&c) (, t+e .!&el# F&!&ce# Y(" Y(" '"#t l((5 !t t+e ec(&('c# ec(&( 'c# (, t ,r#t , )(" c!&t '!5e t+e ec(&('c ec(&( 'c '(%el *(r5 t+e& )(" c!&t %( t !t !ll/ • •

>/ C("l% )(" )(" .r(2%e .r(2%e "# *t+ *t+ c"rre&t c"rre&t electrc electrct) t) c(#t# c(#t# !&% c(&#"' c(&#"'.t(& .t(& C(llecte% ,r(' -"l%&$# #"c+ !# re#e!rc+ -"l%&$# cl!##r(('# !%'&#tr!t(& l-r!re# !&% '#cell!&e("# ;18 'll(& .er )e!r •

•

FEASIBILITY FEASIBIL ITY OF INSTALLING SOLAR PANELS PANELS •

4@

184 'll(& 5l(*!tt +("r# "#e%

?/ Are t+ere t+ere !&) !%%t(&!l !%%t(&!l #("rce# #("rce# (r (r c(&t!ct# c(&t!ct# )(" c!& %rect %rect "# t( t+!t t+!t c!& .r(2%e .r(2%e "# *t+ *t+ !###t!&ce &! •

/ W("l% W("l% t+e E&er$) E&er$) C"rt!l'e C"rt!l'e&t &t C(''ttee C(''ttee +!2e !&) &tere#t &tere#t & ("r .r(.(#t .r(.(#t(& (& O&ce !$!& )(" &ee% &e e% t( #ee , t+e ec(&('c# ec(&( 'c# !re *(rt+ t ,r#t/ T+e c(''ttee *(&t +!2e !&) &tere#t , )(" c!&t '!5e t+e ,&!&c!l #t!&%.(&t/ •

19/ D( )(" t+&5 t+!t #(l!r .!&el# (.er!t&$ !t ! l(*er e,,ce&c) e,,ce&c) (, 1< t+!t c(#t le## !re -etter Or .!&el# t+!t +!2e +$+er e,,ce&c) -"t +!2e ! +$+er c(#t !# *ell W+) &! •

11/ I# t+ere !&) *!) t( %eter'&e +(* l(&$ t *ll t!5e W!)&e W!)&e t( .!) t+e &t!l c(#t (, &#t!ll'e&t Y(" Y(" *("l% +!2e t( %( % ( !& ec(&('c !&!l)## &#t!ll!t(& c(#t# 2#/ +(* '"c+ # #!2e% .er )e!r E#t'!te% !t le!#t < )e!r# T+e c"rre&t ,&!&c!l #t"!t(& # t$+t #( t+ere # "lt'!tel) &( '(&e ) t( #.e&% !t !ll •

• •

14/ W+!t !re #('e %,,ere&t %,,ere&t t).e# (, ,"&%&$ t+!t c("l% -e %(&e & (r%er t( c('.lete t+# t+# .r(3ect D( .er,(r'!&ce c(&tr!ct&$  +re !& e&er$) #er2ce c('.!&) & (r%er t( re%"ce electrct) c(&#"'.t(& & t+e l(&$ r"& t+# c("l% .!) (,, •


*ar1 Ha%erty I#tervie. ?ue$ti#$

1/ W+!t W+!t # t+e t+e c(#t (, t+e t+e ,(ll(* ,(ll(*&$ &$ #(l!r #(l!r .!&el .!&el# # M(&(cr)#t!ll&e ;8/<9 P(l)cr)#t!ll&e ;8/@9 T+& Fl' 19 .erce&t '(re t+!& '(&( • • •

4/ W+c W+c+ + (&e *(" *("l% l% )(" )(" rec(' rec(''e 'e&% &% M(&( t+e) !re t+e '(#t e,,ce&t ,(r t+e c(#t 8/ I&t!ll) I&t!ll) *e -ele2e% -ele2e% t+& t+& ,l' ,l' *("l% -e c+e!.er c+e!.er *+) # # t+e .rce .rce +$+er +$+er T+e) #t!rte% t( $( (,, '!r5et !,ter t+e '(&( !&% .(l) #(l!r .!&el# %ecre!#e% & .rce/ T+e) c("l%&t +!&%le t+e c('.ett2e .rce# !&)'(re/ !& )'(re/ @/ H(* *("l% *("l% #(l!r #(l!r .!&el# .!&el# -e !-le t( #"r22e #"r22e Mc+$!& Mc+$!& *&ter# *&ter# H!2e t+e .!&el# -!c5e% ". -) !&(t+er e&er$) #("rce #"c+ !# -!ttere# +(*e2er t+!t # .rcer/
APPEN7I> "0 ENER9Y "ONSU*PTION "ONSU*PTION Wayne Wayne State !niersity

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