UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO FACULTAD DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES ZARAGOZA
INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA LABORATORIO DE CIENCIA BÁSICA 1
INFORME PROYECTO EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL #2
CÁLCULO DE UNA PROPIEDAD DE TRANSPORTE (VISCOSIDAD DE UN GAS! MEDIANTE LA DETERMINACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL DEL PESO MOLECULAR DE UN LÍQUIDO VOLÁTIL"
SÁNCEZ VÁZQUEZ ENRIQUE $1%& PROF"' ING" MARIO BARROSO MORENO
1SEPTIEMBRE)2*1&
Resumen.
E+ ,-., /0,3. -, 3453657 54 89-3-9:4: :,5 43,.4. :, ,.95 ;,:94+., 54 ,364397+' <=2">>X1*?> (PM@T! *"% )2 1 D,.,0;9+4+: ,/,09;,+.45;,+., ,5 /,- ;5,36540 :,5 569: 85.95 ,;/5,4+: 54 ,364397+' PM= ɗ R@T)P S, :,.,0;9+7 ,/,09;,+.45;,+., 54 .,;/,04.604 :, ,6559397+H 54 :,+-9:4: :,5 84/0 :,5 43,.4. :, ,.95 54 /0,-97+H .,+9,+: 6+ /,- ;5,36540 :, &1"12& J);5 -9,+: ,-., 6+ ,000 :,5 &**KH /-.,090;,+., -, 3453657 54 89-3-9:4: :,5 84/0 :,5 43,.4. :, ,.95 .,+9,+: 6+ 8450 :, 2"&1X1* ?11 J@ );5@3;2 -9,+: 6+ 8450 ,007+, :, ;4+,04 6, + /6:9;- 3;/040 +6,-.04 9/7.,-9-"
Abstract.
I+ .9- /0,3.H ., 89-3-9. ,.5 43,.4., 4- 3453654.,: ., ,64.9+' <=2">>X1*?> (PM@T! *"% )2 1 E/,09;,+.455 :,.,0;9+9+J ., ;5,36540 ,9J. ., 854.95, 5969: 6-9+J ., ,64.9+' PM= ɗ R@T)P B959+J .,;/,04.60,H ., 84/0 :,+-9. ,.5 43,.4., 4+: ., /0,--60, 4:,.,0;9+,: ,/,09;,+.455 . .49+ 4 ;5,36540 ,9J. &1"12& J ) ;5 ,9+J .4. 4+ ,000 &**KH .,+ ., 89-3-9. ,.5 43,.4., 84/0 9- 3453654.,: .49+9+J 4 8456, 2"&1X1* ?11 J@ );5@3; 2 ,9+J .9- 4 0+J 8456,H - , 34+. /08, 60 /.,-9-"
Introducción.
P0/9,:4:,- :, .04+-/0.,' ,- ,5 ;89;9,+. :, 45J6+4 :, 54- /0/9,:4:,- :, 54 ;4.,094 3; ;4-4H ;;,+.6; ,+,0J4 ,+ 6+4 84094- :90,339+,- 4 54 43397+ :, 6+4 6,04 9;/65-04" S+ 6+:4;,+.45;,+., .0,- /0/9,:4:,• • •
D96-97+ C+:63.989:4: T0;934 V9-3-9:4:
V9-3-9:4:' L4 89-3-9:4: ,- 54 /-9397+ :, 6+ 569: 4 54- :,0;439+,-H ,:,9:4 4 54- 6,04- :, 3,-97+ ;5,36540,-" T:- 5- 569:- 3+39:/0,-,+.4+ 45J :, 89-3-9:4:H -9,+: ,5 ;:,5 :, 89-3-9:4: +654 6+4 4/09;4397+ 4-.4+., 6,+4 /404 39,0.4- 4/593439+,-" U+ 569: 6, + .9,+, 89-3-9:4: -, 554;4 569: 9:,45" G4-' S, :,+;9+4 J4- 45 ,-.4: :, 4J0,J4397+ :, 54 ;4.,094 ,+ ,5 3645H 4 39,0.4- 3+:939+,- :, .,;/,04.604 /0,-97+H -6- ;53654- 9+.,04339+4+ -5 :95;,+., ,+.0, -H -9+ 0;40 ,+543,- ;5,36540,-H 4:/.4+: 54 0;4 ,5 856;,+ :,5 0,39/9,+., 6, 54- 3+.9,+, .,+:9,+: 4 -,/4040-,H ,-. ,-H ,/4+:90-,H .:
5 /-95, /0
-+ 569:- 45.4;,+., 3;/0,-95,-H
-6 45.4 ,+,0J4 6,
,/,09;,+.4+
39+.934" L- J4-,J04+:,-
34;9-
:, :,+-9:4: 3+ 54 /0,-97+ 54 .,;/,04.604" L4- ;53654- 6, 3+-.9.6,+ 6+ J4- 34-9 + -+ 4.04:4- 6+4- /0 .04-H /0 5 6, -, ;6,8,+ ,+ ,5 843 4 J04+ 8,539:4: ;6 -,/404:4- 6+4- :, .04M4-4 ;5,36540' L4 ;4-4 ;5,36540 ,- 54 ;4-4 :, 6+4 ;53654 :, 6+ 3;/6,-." S, 3453654 -6;4+: 54- ;4-4- 4.7;934- 0,54.984- :, .:- 5- .;6, 0;4+ :934 ;53654" S, ;9:, ,+ 6+9:4:,- :, ;4-4 4.7;934H 0,/0,-,+.4:43; 6H .4;9+ 554;4:4- 6+9:4:,- D45.+H 0,/0,-,+.4:4 3; D4" E-.4 5.9;4 6+9:4: ,- 54 9+:934:4 ,+ ,5 S9-.,;4 I+.,0+439+45 :, M4J+9.6:,-"
L969: 85.95' L4 854.959:4: :, 6+4 -6-.4+394 ,- 6+4 ;,:9:4 :, 54 43959:4: 3+ 6, ,-.4 -, ,84/04" A 6+4 .,;/,04.604 :4:4H 54- -6-.4+394- 3+ ;40 /0,-97+ :, 84/0 -, ,84/04+ ;- 395;,+., 6, 54- -6-.4+394- 3+ 6+4 ;,+0 /0,-97+ :, 84/0" C64+. ;,+0 -,4 54 .,;/,04.604 :, ,84/04397+ :, 54 -6-.4+394 -, :93, 6, ,;- 85.95" P:,;- :,.,0;9+40 54 89-3-9:4: :, 6+ 569: 85.95 ;,:94+., 54 ,364397+' <=2">>X1*?> (PM@T! *"% )2 1 D+:, PM=P,- ;5,36540 ,+ J);5 T=.,;/,04.604 :, ,6559397+ ,+ =:9;,.0 :, 359-97+ 1=I+.,J045 :, 359-9+,L, :, 5- J4-,- 9:,45,-' L4 5, :, 5- J4-,- 9:,45,- ,- 54 ,364397+ :, ,-.4: :,5 J4- 9:,45H 6+ J4- 9/..93 0;4: /0 /40.3654- /6+.645,-H -9+ 4.043397+ +9 0,/65-97+ ,+.0, ,554- 36- 36,- -+ /,0,3.4;,+., ,5-.93-"
M.: :, D6;4- /404 PM' W,4+ B4/.9-., A+:0 D6;4- :,;-.07 6, ,5 /,- ;5,36540 :, 45J6+- 3;/6,-.- 0J+93- ,04 :90,3.4;,+., /0/039+45 4 54 :,+-9:4: :, 84/0 :,5 3;/6,-.H H 6-4+: ,-., /09+39/9H 30,7 6+ ;.: /404 :,.,0;9+40 5- /,-- 4.7;93-H ,-/,3945;,+., :, J4-,- 569:- 3+ 4/6+.- :, ,6559397+ 36- 84/0,- 36;/5,+ 54 5, :, J4- 9:,45' PV=+RT E5 /,- ;5,36540 -, /6,:, 34536540 6-4+: 54 -9J69,+., 70;654'
D+:, ; = ,- 54 ;4-4 :,5 84/0 :,5 569: 85.95 ,+ J V= 856;,+ :,5 84/0 :,5 569: 85.95 ,+ L R= C+-.4+., :,5 ,-.4: J4-,- *"*2L4.;);5 T= T,;/,04.604 :, ,6559397+ :,5 569: 85.95 ,+ P= P0,-97+ 4.;-0934 ,+ 4.; E5 43,.4. :, ,.95' ,- 6+ -.,0 :, 70;654 C$?COO?C2?C$ (84-, 9J604 1"*!H ,- 6+ 569: 9+350H 34043.,0-.93 :, 5- -.,0,-H + 0,-9:645" E- ;9-395, 3+ 9:034060-H 3,.+4-H 4535,- .,0,- /3 -565, ,+ 4J64" S, ,;/5,4 ,+ 40., 3; :9-58,+., 6+98,0-45" E+ ,5 5404.09H ,5 43,.4. :, ,.95 ,- 3;+;,+., 6-4: ,+ ;,354/404 30;4.J044 569:4 ,.043397+" E- 0404;,+., -,5,339+4: 3; 6+ :9-58,+., :, 0,43397+ /06, ,- /0/,+- 4 54 9:0759-9-" E5 43,.4. :, ,.95 ,;6 85.95 .9,+, 6+ 4 /6+. :, ,6559397+" D,9: 4 ,-.4- /0/9,:4:,-H /6,:, 0,36/,040-, :, 6+4 ;6,-.04 /0 345,+.4;9,+. :, 54 ;9-;4 ,+ 6+ 4 :, 4J64 8,+.954+: 3+ 490, 3;/09;9:"
Fig. 1.0 “Formula desarrollada del acetato
L4 /05,;.934 :,5 /0,3. ,/,09;,+.45 0,-9:, ,+ 54 :,.,0;9+4397+ 35365 :, 6+4 /0/9,:4: :, .04+-/0., ;,:94+., 54 :,.,0;9+4397+ ,/,09;,+.45 :,5 /,- ;5,36540 :, 6+ 569: 85.95" E-/,3934;,+., ,+ 3; 34536540 54 89-3-9:4: :,5 84/0 :,5 A3,.4. :, E.95H :,.,0;9+4+: ,/,09;,+.45;,+., ,5 /,- ;5,36540 :, ,-.," L4 9/7.,-9- /54+.,4:4 ,- 6, 54 89-3-9:4: :,5 84/0 :,5 A3,.4. :, ,.95 ,- :, <=1"21>X1*?$% J@ );5@3;2
Diseño Experimental.
M4.,0945,- 0,43.98-
M,.:5J4' Densidad del vapor del acetato de etilo.
P404 34536540 54 :,+-9:4: -, +,3,-9.4+ :- 8450,-H 54 ;4-4 ,5 856;,+H /404 /:,0 :,.,0;9+40 54 ;4-4 :,5 84/0 :, 43,.4. :, ,.95 -, /,-7 6+ ;4.04 :, 2% ;5 3+ 490,H 6+4 59J4 6+ /,:4 :, 456;9+9 .,+9,+: 4- 54 M1H /-.,090;,+., -, 8,0.97 1 ;5 :,5 569: 85.95 ,+ ,5 ;4.04 -, -,557 3+ ,5 456;9+9 54 59J4 -, 55,+7 6+ 84- :, /0,39/9.4:- 3+ 4J64 -, /6- 4 345,+.40 ,+ 6+4 /4009554 /404 3+-,J690 6+ 4 ;404H /-.,090;,+., -, 3537 ,5 ;4.04 :,+.0 :,5 4 ;404 439+:5, 6+ /,6, 09939 45 456;9+9 /404 /:,0 ,/65-40 ,5 490, :,5 ;4.04 (84-, 9J" 2"*!H 6+4 8, ,84/04: .: ,5 569: -, 0,.907 :,5 4 ;404 -, :,7 3+:,+-40 ,5 569:H -, /,-7 +6,84;,+., .,+9,+: 54 M2H 45 9+45 -, 0,-.7 54 M2?M1 /404 4- .,+,0 54 ;4-4 :,5 84/0 :,5 43,.4. :, ,.95"
Fig. 2.0 “Baño maría del acetato de etilo”
Fig. 3.0 “Llenado del matraz con
P404 34536540 ,5 856;,+ :,5 ;4.04 3534;- 6+4 60,.4 55,+4 :, 4J64 --.,+9:4 ,+ 6+ -/0., 6+98,0-45 69;- 8439+:54 4-.4 4534+40 4 55,+40 54 ..459:4: :,5 ;4.04H 0,J9-.04;- ,5 8450 4534+4: /0 ,5 4J64 ,+ 54 60,.4 /03,:9;- 4 :,.,0;9+40 54 :,+-9:4: :,5 84/0 :,5 43,.4. :, ,.95" D989:9;- 54 ;4-4 .,+9:4 ,+.0, ,5 856;,+ .,+9: ,+ 54- :,.,0;9+439+,-H 3+8,0.9;54- 6+9:4:,- :, J);5 4 J)L" Determinación de la presión en el laboratorio 421 de FES Zaragoza
P404 34536540 54 /0,-97+ 6.9594;- ,5 ;.: :, T0093,559H 3+ 46:4 :, 6+ ;,3,0 404;- /0 6+ 54: 6+ .6 :, 89:09 :, * 3; :, 540J ;; :, :9;,.0 -,55+:5 /0 3;/5,. :, 6+ 54: :,4+: 590, ,5 .0 (84-, 9J" &"*! 3+ 46:4 :, 6+4 ,09+J4 ,+ 6+4 +4 :,.,0;9+4:4 :, -,J609:4: 8,0.9;- ,5 ;,03609 ,+ ,5 .6 :,4+: 6, ,-., 0,-45404 /0 6+ 3-.4: 439,+: 6, /0 ,5 .0 -459,04 ,5 490, 6, -, ,+3+.044 ,+ ,5 .6H 4 /,-40 :,5 369:4: /6,-. -, 6,:40+ /,6,4- 6064- :,+.0 :,5 .6 54- 3645,- 6,0+ ,59;9+4:4- ,+ -6 ;404 J5/,4+: 54 4-, :,5 .6 3+.04 6+4 -6/,0939, /54+4H 6+4 8, 55,+ ,5 .6 :, -, :,4 34,0 6+4 J.4 ;- :, ;,03609 /404 5J040 6+4 /,6,4 36084.604 ,+ 54 /6+.4 -, 3534 6+ .6 :, ,+-4 ,+ 54 /6+.4 :,5 .6 439,+: /0,-97+ /-.,090;,+., -, 85.,4 ,5 .6 :, 89:09 3+ ,5 .6 :, ,+-4 439,+: 6, 54
/0,-97+ 4.;-0934 ,;/6, ,5 ;,03609 55,+4+: 4-.4 39,0. /6+. ,5 .6 :, ,+-4 0;4+: 54 356;+4 :, ;,03609H 9+45;,+., -, .;7 54 ;,:9:4 :, ,-.4 356;+4 ,+ ;;H :+:+- 6+ 0,-65.4: ,+ ;;J 6, 3+8,0.9;- 4 4.;"
Fig. 4.0 “Aorado del tu!o de "idrio”
Temperatura de ebullición del acetato de etilo
P404 34536540 54 .,;/,04.604 :, ,6559397+ :,5 569: 85.95 -, 8,0.97 1;5 :, 43,.4. :, ,.95 ,+ 6+ .6 :, ,+-4,H 5, 4J0,J4;- /,6,- .0- :, 89:09 4 6, 45 ,84/040-, ;6 0/9: ,5 569: + ,- /-95, 4/0,3940 4 /09;,04 89-.4 36+4: ,-., ,+.0, ,+ ,6559397+ 4- 6, 3+ ,5 89:09 /:,;- 8,0 54- /,6,46064- 6, -, 0;4+ 4 -6 450,:,:0H -,554;- ,5 .6 3+ 456;9+9 6+4 59J4 5, 9+.0:639;- 6+ .,0;7;,.0 :, 9+;,0-97+ /403945H 3534;- ,5 .6 4 4 ;404 ,+ 6+ 84- :, /0,39/9.4:- 55,+ :, 4J64 3459,+.,H ,-/,04;- 4-.4 5J040 6, ,5 569: ,+.0404 ,+ ,6559397+ 0,J9-.04;- 54 .,;/,04.604 (84-, 9J" %"*!"
Fig. #.0 “$eterminaci%n de la tem&eratura de
Resultados del proyecto.
D,.,0;9+4397+ :, 54 :,+-9:4: /0;,:9 :, 6+ 569: 85.95 D,.,0;9+4397 + 104 2:4 $04
M4-4
V56;,+
*"*$%J *"1J *"*2J
D,+-9:4:
D,+-9:4: P0;,:9 =*"$2&*
?$
2";5
2"1$X1*
J);5
$1";5
J);5 >"2&&X1*?$
$*;5
J);5 2$">*>>X1*?$
J);5
)$=*"*1*2& := *"*1*2&
J);5
J);5 (1***;5)1L!= 10.924 !"
D,.,0;9+4397+ :, 54 /0,-97+ 4.;-0934 /0;,:9 P ,+ ,5 5404.09 &21 FES Z404J4 /0 ,5 ;.: :, T0093,559" D,.,0;9+4397+ 104 2:4
P0,-97+ (;;G! %* %>
P0,-97+ (4.;! *"% *"&>*
P0,-97+ P0;,:9 =1"&>4.; )2=0.#4$atm
D,.,0;9+4397+ :, 54 .,;/,04.604 :, ,6559397+ :,5 43,.4. :, ,.95
D,.,0;9+4397+
T,;/,04.604 C
T,;/,04.604
T,;/,04.604 :, E6559397+
104 2:4
> >
$&"1% $&"1%
%49.1&'(
D,.,0;9+4397+ :,5 PM :,5 43,.4. :, ,.95 PM= ɗ R@T)P PM= 1*"2&J)L@ (*"*2L4.;);5 @ $&"1%!)*"&4.; )*+ 41$.124$!mol
D,.,0;9+4397+ :,5 :9;,.0 :, 359-97+ (! S6-.4+394
M (J);5! >"1 11"$
A3,.4. :, E.95
X1*? (3;! %"&
[)\ $"$
&.41&
%4%.44%
%"$&
$&*"2
I+.,0/54397+ +6;0934 119.378− 86.178
=
5.949−5.384
119.378 −88 5.949− X
− X ( 33.2 ) =(31.378 )( 0.565 )
5.949
5.949− X =
17.72857
5.949 −5.384 399.3−340.2
33.2
=
5.949−5.415 399.3− X
− X =0.533993072− 5.949
=5.4150 cm
σ
− X ( 0.565 )=( 0.5339)( 59.1 )
399.3
399.3− X =
31.5589 0.565
− X =55.8566 −399.3
Ε / Κ = 343.4433
D,.,0;9+4397+ :, 54 9+.,J045 :, 359-9+,T =
Te Ε / Κ
T =
350.15 K 343.44 Ε / Κ
B6-34+: 1 ,+ A/+:93, D?> (F6-.! (84-, 9J" >"*! ,1+1.4
Fig. '.0 “A&(ndice $)'!”
D,.,0;9+4397+ :, 54 89-3-9:4: :,5 43,.4. :, ,.95 (84/0! <=2">>X1*?> (PM@T! *"% ) 2 1
T= 1"*1%
PM =&1"12& J);5 T=$&"1% = %"&1%>X1* ? 3; 1 = 1"& <=2">>X1*?> (&1"12&J);5 @ $&"1%! *"% ) (%"&1%>3;! 2 @ 1"& <=1"*1X1*?$ ) &"1*>X1* ?1%
-+2.4$1#10/11 '( !molcm 2
Interpretación de resultados.
E5 35365 :, 54 :,+-9:4: ,+ +6,-.04 .,03,04 ;,:9397+ 4,3. :, J04+ ;4+,04 ,5 0,-65.4: ,+ J,+,045 :,5 /,- ;5,36540 (,000 :,5 &**K!H /0 5 .4+. .4;9+ ,5 35365 :, 54 89-3-9:4: 46+ 3009J9,+: ,-, 35365H ,5 0,-65.4: ,/,09;,+.45 8404 ,+ 34-9 ,5 :5, :,5 8450 .,7093 :,5 /,- ;5,36540 :,5 43,.4. :, ,.95" E5 8450 :, 54 .,;/,04.604 .,+9:4 ,- ;6 3,034+4 45 8450 .,7093H 54 /0,-97+ -, ,+36,+.04 45,4:4 /,0 :,+.0 :,5 ;40J,+ :, ,000H /,0 ,5 /,- ;5,36540 9+30,;,+.4 :, ;4+,04 ,/+,+3945 54 :,+-9:4:"
onclusiones.
A6+6, 54 .,;/,04.604 :, ,6559397+ ,- 6+ 35365 6, + -, /6,:, 0,45940 :, ;4+,04 1**K ,43.4H 5- 8450,- 6, :,.,0;9+4;- + 6,0+ .4+ 45,4:- :, 58450,- .,7093- -9+ ,;40J ,5 ;45 35365 :,5 /,- ;5,36540 /083 6+ ,000 ,+ 54 3;/04397+ :, 54 9/7.,-9-" L4 :,.,0;9+4397+ :, 54 /0,-97+ ;,:94+., ,5 ;.: :, T0093,559 0,-65.4 ,+ 39,0.4 0;4 -,+3955 -9+ ,;40J :,9: 4 54 9+,/,09,+394 4 54- 3+:939+,- :, .044 54 ;,:9397+ :, 54 /0,-97+ + ,- 54 ,-/,04:4"
ibliora3a.
]4:,
L"H
Q6;934
0J+934H
S,J6+:4
,:9397+H
E:9.0945
P0,+.93,?455
9-/4+4;,0934+4 S"A"H M93 1$" A54+ S" F6-.H L,+40: A" ],+,5H C60.9- ]" C56;/H L69- M46-H L" B03, A+:,0-,+H ^P09+39/9- :, O/,0439+,- U+9.4094-_ 1*4"H E:" C,3-4H M93H $&? $%H 2**>" ../'))"43`0+"3;"40)3+3)3+3".;5" C+-65.4: 2&)*2*1&" "9+-.",-)I+-.],)C+.,+9:-)D36;,+.439+)F934-T,3+934-)FISQ)F93,0)*41**)+-/+**%>"/:" C+-65.4: 2)*)2*1&"