5
Qgl ZNEF @mbd
ZNEF Flrtmjmfetmcb jcr Acu`es
© >;57
\teg ZNEF @mbd
Ve`t @edl Fmty • \teg Ou`ml Jrebfch & Hleieb Gletcb [gcbl 67<.1>=.>;5> • Lhem` mbjcKtglvnef`mbd.fch tglvnef`mbd.fch
E`` rmigts rlslrvla. Qgms hetlrme` ms prctlftla ny fcpyrmigt eba ges nllb fcpmla ny eba sc`l`y jcr tgl laufetmcbe` purpcsls cj Qgl ZNEF @mbd. ]cu hey bct sl``, e`tl r, cr jurtglr rlprcaufl cr amstrmnutl eby pert cj tgms hetlrme` tc eby ctglr plrscb. Yglrl prcvmala tc ycu mb l`lftrcbmf jcrhet, ycu hey cb`y prmbt jrch mt jcr ycur cwb prmvetl stuay eba rlslerfg. Jem`url tc fchp`y wmtg tgl t lrhs cj tgms werbmbi hey lxpcsl ycu tc `lie` eftmcb jcr fcpyrmigt mbjrmbilhlbt ubalr tgl ju`` lxtlbt cj tgl `ew.
Efdbcw`lailhlbts Frletmbi e fcursl eba hebue` wes hcrl wcrd tgeb wl lvlr tgcuigt eba hcrl rlwerambi tgeb wl fcu`a gevl mheimbla. Bcbl cj tgms wcu`a gevl nllb pcssmn`l wmtgcut cur mbfrlamn`l gusnebas, Bmfd eba ^mf. Jrch `etl bmigt fejjlmbl rubs eba l er`y hcrbmbi hctmvetmcb, tc e`weys nlmbi cur scubambi nceras eba nmiilst fgllr`lealrs (tgl hcst hesfu`mbl typl, cj fcursl) fcursl)‑ ‑tgebd ycu sc hufg! ]cu gevl nctg stlppla up tc jm`` mb tgl spcts cj cur `mvls tget ict bli`lftla mb tgl gubarlas cj gcurs wl gevl splbt pcurmbi cvlr tglsl hebue`s eba fcubt`lss ctglr nusmblss prcolfts. Cur dmas plrgeps alslrvl tgl nmiilst tgebd ycu jcr sefrmjmfmbi tmhl wmtg tglmr hchs wgm`l wl wcrdla lvlry sperl slfcba tc ilt tgms fcursl rleay. Cur c`alr fgm`arlb lsplfme``y alslrvl hcrl duacs jcr gl`pmbi cut wmtg tgl ycubilr cbls‑ cbls ‑tgebd ycu! Vplfme` tgebds tc Hleieb”s jetglr-mb-`ew, jetglr-mb-`ew, Dmrd Gletcb, jcr essmstmbi wmtg `lie`mtmls `mdl fcpyrmigts, trealherds, eba ctglr lsslbtme` nusmblss fcbtrefts. Yl wcu`a nl e fcup`l cj irehhetmfe``y mbfcrrlft eba pccr`y pubftuetla nusmblss cwblrs mj bct jcr tgl te`lbtla Olss Bml`slb Nlefg, wgc splbt gcurs lamtmbi, fchhlbtmbi, suiilstmbi, eba ilttmbi twc vlry amjjlrlbt wrmtmbi sty`ls tc scuba fcglsmvl. Yl cwl ycu sc hufg hcrl tgeb cur iretmtual! Qgebd ycu jcr hedmbi us scuba nlttlr tgeb wl ac mb rle` `mjl. Qgl stubbmbi `ccd cj tgms hebue` ms aul tc ^cweb Vtl mblr cj Ve`t Fmty Nmrtg eba Blwncrb [gctcirepgy, e \teg-nesla nmrtg pgctcirepglr, jcr glr nmrtg pgctcs eba Erml``l ^mfgeras jcr glr ertwcrd. ]cur mheils erl strmdmbi eba ycur lyl mhplffen`l. Qgebd ycu jcr `lttmbi us usl ycur mbspmrmbi mheils mb cur nccds. Qc Aebml``l Alhltlr, FBH, eba Hl`msse Heyc, @ALH & F[H, t gl hmawmvls wgc ievl us cur hcst nleutmju` ZNEF nmrtg lxplrmlbfls. ]cu gl`pla us alvl`cp tgms lh pcwlrmbi nl`mlj mb cursl`vls eba mbspmrl us lvlb hcrl tc gl`p wchlb cb tglmr mbamvmaue` nmrtg ocurblys. Qgebd ycu. Qc cur cwb acu`es eba acu`e hlbtcrs, ycur suppcrt eba mbspmretmcb ges num`t us up eba lbfcureila us wglb wl bllala tgl dmbalst strlbitg eba werhlst eavmfl. Qgebd ycu. @est, nut flrtemb`y bct `lest, cur cwb acu`e f`mlbts, pcafest iulsts, eba tgcsl wgc gevl sgerla tglmr stcrmls. Yl gevl wmtblssla mbfrlamn`l strlbitg, nleuty, eba pcmsl es wl gevl wetfgla eba `mstlbla tc ycu sgerl ycur nrletgtedmbi ocurblys wmtg us. Qgebd ycu sc hufg jcr e``cwmbi us mbtc ycur hcst mbtmhetl hchlbts!
QEN@L CJ FCBQLBQV HLLQ QGL MBVQ^\FQC^V ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5 M. CZL^ZMLY EBA [\^[CVL ............................... ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ...................................................... ........................6 MM. YG] E^L ZNEF F@ MLBQV AMJJL^LBQ3 ....................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................... .................................. ...1 V[LBAMBI LWQ^E QMHL [^LBEQE@@] ......................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................... < ALQL^HMBL EAAMQMCBE@ BLLAV .................................................................................................................................................... ............. : EVVMVQMBI MB Q^E\HE [^CFLVVMBI ............................................................................................................................................................ = HLBQE@ [^L[E^EQMCB JC^ ] C\ C\ EBA ] C\^ C\^ F@MLBQ............................................................................................................................. 55 LVVLBQME@ [G]VMFE@ [^L[E^EQMCB ......................................................................................................................................................... 5: MMM. ZNEF MBJC^HEQMCB EBA VQEQMVQMFV ................................................................. ............................................................................................... ................................................... ..................... >= >= E N^MLJ GMVQC^] CJ ZNEF ........................................................................................................................................................................ >= YCHLB CJ FC@C^ ............................................................................................................................................................................. ........... 66 JC\^ HEMB ^LEVCBV JC^ MBMQME@ FLVE^LEB EBA YGEQ QC DBCY .............................................................. .................................. 6< \QL^MBL ^\[Q\^L ............................................................................................. .......................................................................................... 6= ZNEF ZV. ^L[LEQ FLVE^LEB ............................................ ........................................................................................................................ 16 QGL MBJEHC\V ZNEF FE@F\@EQC^ ......................................................................................................................................................... 1: V[LFME@ FM^F\HVQEBFLV ................................................................................................................................................................. ........... 19 EFCI N\@@LQMB #571 ............................................................................................................................................................................... <; FCBQ^EMBAMFEQMCBV JC^ ZNEF ............................................................................................................................................................... <> MZ. ZNEF NM^QG QLEH EBA NM^QG [@EFL C[QMCBV ........................................................ ...................................................................................... ......................................... ........... <: ZNEF NM^QG @CFEQMCBV .......................................................................................................................................... .................................. <7 <7 FGCCVMBI E FE^L [^CZMAL^ ..................................................................................................................................................................... :; GM^MBI E AC\@E ................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ :1 Z. QGL E^Q CJ N^EMB ................................. ................................................................ ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ................................ := YGEQ MV N^EMB3 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... := EVVLVVMBI MBQL^ZLBQMCBV ........................................................................................................ ................................................................ := := ZM. ZNEF @ENC^ ................................................................. ............................................................................................... ............................................................. ............................................................. ......................................... ........... 75 YGLB ]C\^ F@MLBQ V A\L AEQL E[[^CEFGLV ..................................................................................................................................... 75 ”
V\[[C^QMBI E ZNEF F@MLBQ YMQG EB L[MA\^E@................................................................................................................................. 76 QGL VMIBV CJ ^\[Q\^L ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7< JEHM@] -FLBQL^LA FLVE^LEB VLFQMCB ................................................................................................................................................... 79 [CVQ[E^Q\H ^LFCZL^] .................................................................................................................................................................. ........... 7= [CVQ[E^Q\H HCCA AMVC^AL^V .................................................................................................................................................... ........... =5 ZMM. FCBF@\VMCB .......................... .......................................................... .............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................. ................ =9 E[[LBAMW 5
....................................................................................................... ................................................... ..................... == ‖ ALJMBMQMCB CJ QL^HV .........................................................................
E[[LBAMW >
........................................................................ ............................................................. ...................................... ....... 5;6 ‖ ^LFCHHLBALA ^LVC\^FLV ..........................................
E[[LBAMW 6 - ^LJL^LBFLV .......................... .......................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................. ..................................................... ....................... 5;1
Hllt tgl Mbstruftcrs
Yl erl sc i`ea ycu”rl glrl. Yl erl Ou`ml Jrebfch (rmigt) eba Hleieb Gletcb (`ljt), tgl jcubalrs cj Qgl ZNEF @mbd. Es ZNEF hchs eba prcjlssmcbe` acu`es, wl sew e G\IL blla jcr e altem`la ZN EF eba Flserleb-prlvlbtmcb laufetmcb systlh eba suppcrt hcal`. Mt wes jrustretmbi tc us tget tglrl wes bct cbl p`efl tget e nmrtgmbi perlbt eba glr pertblr fcu`a ic eba jmba cut wget tgly blla tc dbcw mb e smhp`l, fcbsc`maetla jcrhet. Hedmbi slbsl cj hlamfe` te`d eba altlrhmbmbi wget ms tru`y blflssery feb jll` e`hcst mhpcssmn`l. Glrl et Qgl ZNEF @mbd, wl nl`mlvl mb hedmbi nmrtg ejtlr Flserleb nlttlr ny prcvmambi laufetmcb, suppcrt, eba e fchhubmty cj `mdl-hmbala plcp`l. Yl`fchl tc cur f mrf`l, wl erl sc i`ea ycu erl glrl! Yl erl e tleh tl eh cj lxplrt acu`es trembla mb suppcrtmbi ZNEF, gevl gea ZNEFs cj cur cwb, eba wcrd lxtlbsmvl`y wmtg ZNEF wchlb eba tglmr prcvmalrs. Jll` jrll tc fcbteft us et eby tmhl mb ycur ocurbly ny usmbi cbl cj tgl fcbteft hltgcas hlt gcas cb cur wlnsmtl? www.tglvnef`mbd.fch/fcbteft.
Ou`ml & Hleieb [eil | 5
[eil | >
ZNEF Flrtmjmfetmcb jcr Acu`es Fcursl Mbstruftmcb jcr Acu`es Vuppcrtmbi ZNEF
M. CZL^ZMLY EBA [\^[CVL
E
ffcrambi tc tgl E[E, =;% cj wchlb wgc gevl gea e F-slft mcb erl febamaetls tc ettlhpt e Qrme` cj @encr (QC@EF) jcr ZNEF (Zeimbe` Nmrtg Ejtlr Felserleb) mb e juturl prlibebfy ylt, cb`y 5;% wm`` try. Hcst pun`msgla stuamls sgcw tget up tc 7;% cj wchlb wmtg e Flserleb nmrtg wgc
ettlhpt e ZNEF gevl e sejl veimbe` nmrtg (Ehlrmfeb [rlibebfy Esscfmetmcb, >;5<). Qgms fcursl ms alsmibla tc prcvmal ycu, es e acu`e, wmtg mbjcrhetmcb eba amrlftmcb tc gl`p iumal ycur nmrtgmbi perlbts mb hedmbi tglmr cwb ubmqul eba splfmjmf nmrtg-ejtlr-Flserleb fgcmfls. Qgms wm`` mbfrl esl ycur enm`mty tc jefm`mtetl lhctmcbe` gle`mbi, hlbte` prlperetmcb, eba pgysmfe` prlperetmcb mb cralr jcr jehm`mls tc ubalrsteba tglmr cptmcbs jcr ZNEF eba tc p`eb e sejl eba setmsjymbi nmrtg. Yl lbfcureil ycu tc fcbtmbul ycur `lerbmbi eba ircwtg nlycba tgms fcursl eba gevl prcvmala rlscurfls mb tgl epplbamfls tc gl`p iumal ycu jurtglr. Qgms fcursl ms bct tc rlp`efl eavmfl cr fcubsl`mbi jrch eby que`mjmla hlamfe`
prcjlssmcbe` encut ycur f`mlbt ”s splfmjmf nmrtgmbi fmrfuhstebfls.
U \MFD \MFD ^LZMLY Cb`y 5;% cj wchlb wmtg e gmstcry c j Flserleb wm`` ettlhpt e ZNEF. Ygy ac ycu tgmbd tget plrflbteil ms sc `cw3
[eil | 6
MM. YG] E^L ZNEF F@MLBQV AMJJL^LBQ3
E
`tgcuig e ZNEF hctglr sgcu`a nl sllb es oust ebctglr hctglr p`ebbmbi tc nmrtg glr neny cut cj glr veimbe, sgl ms trletla vlry amjjlrlbt`y amjjlrlbt`y‑ ‑schltmhls arestmfe``y sc. Es e acu`e, ycur epprcefg wm`` typmfe``y blla tc nl amjjlrlbt es wl``. Vgl hey gevl hlbte` n`cfds, treuhe jrch glr
Flserleb,, jlers tget sgl gesb”t ylt spcdlb encut tc ebycbl, eba, tgl nmiilst amjjlrlbfl jcr ferl Flserleb prcvmalrs, e utlrus tget ges gea e prlvmcus mbfmsmcb. E`` cj tglsl tgmbis feb hedl suppcrtmbi glr tgrcuig tgms ocurbly amjjlrlbt tgeb e jmrst-tmhl hch c r eby ctglr f`mlbt. Yglb ycu hllt glr jcr tgl jmrst tmhl mb ycur mbtlrvmlw, sgl `mdl`y wm`` ic cvlr schl cr heynl lvlb e`` cj glr prlvmcus nmrtg(s). Mt ms mhpcrtebt tc `mstlb wmtg eb cplb hmba eba glert eba `lt glr tl`` ycu lvlrytgmbi sgl w ebts tc. Dbcwmbi gcw sgl jll`s cr wget sgl ges nllb tgrcuig t grcuig ms icmbi tc gl`p ycu, es glr acu`e, tc dbcw gcw tc nlst suppcrt glr aurmbi tgms blxt nmrtg. Hcst Flserlebs plrjcrhla mb tgl \bmtla Vtetls `mdl`y fcu`a gevl nllb prlvlbtla schlwglrl e`cbi tgl wey4 `lerbmbi tgms f eb nl alvestetmbi mb eba cj mtsl`j. Cbl cj tgl rlescbs wl jcubala Qgl ZNEF @mbd wes nlfeusl mt feb nl sc amjjmfu`t tc hedl slbsl cj e`` tgl hlamfe` te`d eba `lerb e`` tgl lsslbtme` aljmbmtmcbs. Cbl cj tgl hcst fchhcb efrcbyhs usla mb tgl ZNEF wcr`a ms QC@EF. Acftcrs cjtlb usl mt sll hmbi`y mb p`efl cj tgl tlrh ZNEF, nut wget acls mt hleb lxeft`y eba, hcrl mhpcrtebt`y, gcw acls mt mhpeft ycur f`mlbt3
Yget Acls QC@EF Hleb3 QC@EF stebas jcr Qrme` cj @encr Ejtlr Flserleb, cr Qrme` cj @encr (QC@). E`` mt rl e``y hlebs ms tget e wcheb ms icmbi tc ettlhpt tc gevl e veimbe` nmrtg ejtlr e Flserleb (ZNEF). Qgl eft cj trymbi eba wcrdmbi tcweras ZNEF ms fe``la QC@EF. Qgl ‐sufflssju`‘ QC@EF ms e ZNEF, hedl slbsl3 Yl getl rljlrrmbi tc `encr es sufflss cr jem`url nut, jcr `efd cj e nlttlr wcra eba jcr jc r amjjlrlbtmetmcb wl tgmbd, mb tgms fesl, mt ms epprcprmetl. Mt ms lesy tc ilt gubi up cb tgl wcra ‐try‘ mb trme` cj `encr, sc gcw feb ycu gl`p rlsc`vl tget mb ycur f`mlbts” hmba3 hmba3 Dbcwmbi tget QC@EF smhp`y hlebs schlcbl ms ‐prlpermbi ‐ prlpermbi jcr e ZNEF‘ hedls mt lesmlr lesmlr tc turb mt mbtc e pcsmtmvl. Hlbte``y prlpermbi hchs jcr tgcsl fcbvlrsetmcbs wmtg e prcvmalr wgc cb`y rljlr s tc tglmr petmlbt es e QC@EF retglr tgeb e ZNEF hedls mt lesmlr tc ubalrsteba. Mb jeft, mt wcu`a nl e irlet male tc oust nllj up tget aljmbmtmcb e `mtt`l eba hedl QC@EF hleb ‐^leay ‐^leay jcr ZNEF‘ ZNEF‘ jcr ycur ycur f`mlbt! Hlbte` prlperetmcb effcubts jcr sc hufg, lsplfme``y wglb prlpermbi jcr e ocurbly sufg es tgms.
[eil | 1
Vplbambi Lxtre Qmhl [rlbete``y Nl prlperla tc splba schl lxtre tmhl wmtg ycur fcup`l mb tglmr prlbete` vmsmts. ]cu hey gevl e`rleay rlflmvla e `ct cj mbjcrhetmcb encut tglmr nmrtg gmstcry mb ycur mbtlrvmlw. Mj ycu gevlb”t, ycu wm`` webt tc ietglr tget mbjcrhetmcb mb ycur jmrst vmsmt. Es sgl tl``s ycu glr F-slftmcb stcry, `mstlb tc wget sgl `mdla, amab”t `mdl, eba `mdl, eba wget sgl wmsgls sgl”a dbcwb. Qgms ms ycur fgebfl tc `lerb gcw tc l aufetl glr cb tgl tgmbis sgl amab”t dbcw, `lerb cj tgl tgmbis ycu feb ac tgms tmhl tget sgl hey `mdl, eba laufetl glr cb tgl tgmbis sgl amab”t `mdl eba wget t gmbis feb nl acbl tgms tmhl ercuba tmhl ercuba tc lbfcureil tgcsl tgmbis bct tc gepplb eiemb. Mt wm`` e`sc gl`p ycu nl gyplr-ewerl c j tgcsl pcssmn`l trmiilrs eba cnstef`ls mb tgl nmrtg spefl. Lbfcureil tgl lxplftebt plr scb tc cntemb tglmr cplretmvl rlpcrts jrch tgl gcspmte` eba dbcw wget ms mb tgl rlpcrt rlierambi tgl rlescb jcr glr Flserleb, es cppcsla tc wget sgl wes tc`a. Yget hctglrs erl tc`a eba wget ms mb tgl rlpcrt feb nl ZL^] amjjlrlbt. Qedl tmhl tc ilt tc dbcw glr nmrtgmbi pertblr”s lxplrmlbfl `leambi up tc, aurmbi, eba ejtlr tgl F-slftmcb. Yget ms tglmr plrsplftmvl cb wget gepplbla `est tmhl eba wget tgly erl p`ebbmbi bcw3 bcw3 Mt”s sc mhpcrtebt tc `lerb encut tglh es eb mbamvmaue`4 cjtlb tmhls, tgl nmrtg pertblr ges jl`t gl`p`lss eba ubsurl. Qgly hey gevl wmtblssla tglmr pertblr mb tlers nlmbi wgll`la mbtc tgl C.^., wetfgla ubflrtemb`y es tglmr erhs wlrl streppla acwb tc tgl ten`l, eba tgmbdmbi wget tgly fcu`a pcssmn`y ac tc gl`p es tgly tgly wetfgla tglmr neny nlmbi ncrb mb e w ey tgly amab”t jcrlsll. Gl`pmbi tglh prcflss eba wcrd tgrcuig tget treuhe ms mhpcrtebt. Qgly webt tc gevl e h ufg nlttlr lxplrmlbfl tgms tmhl ercuba, tcc. Qreuhe, rlirlt, jler‑ jler‑e`` tgcsl lhctmcbs feb surjefl aurmbi nmrtg jcr tgl pertblr, tcc. ^le``y ilttmbi tc dbcw ycur f`mlbt eba glr nmrtgmbi pertblr(s) ms e vlry mhpcrtebt rc`l es e acu`e, mb ilblre`, eba lvlb hcrl sc wglb ale`mbi wmtg e ‐nea nmrtg.‘ ZNEF hchs tlba tc gevl e vlry aljlbsmvl epprcefg tc nmrtg. Qgly hey gevl nllb tedlb eavebteil cj eba `mla tc eba gea prcflaurls plrjcrhla cb tglh wmtgcut prcplr fcbslbt. Gl`pmbi tglh fgebbl` tget aljlbsl eba turb mt mbtc e irlet i rlet cjjlbsmvl stretliy wm`` gl`p tglh nlfchl lhpcwlrla eba prlperla tc bevmietl tglmr ocurbly.
[eil | <
Altlrhmbl Eaamtmcbe` Bllas Lvlry hctglr ges amjjlrlbt bllas. Es wl stetla encvl, ycu”rl icmbi tc jmba cut wget t gcsl splfmjmf bllas erl ny splbambi lxtre tmhl wcrdmbi tgrcuig tglmr nmrtg gmstcry. Olb Dehl`, jcubalr cj ZNEF Jefts, wrmtls jcr ACBE Mbtlrbetmcbe` eba `msts smx vlry splf mjmf weys tget e acu`e feb gl`p suppcrt glr ZNEF f`mlbt (Dlhl`, >;5:)?
5. Nl Ewerl cj Yget Vgl ms \p Eiembst Vchltgmbi wl acb” acb”t webt cur f`mlbt tc ac ms ic mbtc e nmrtg spefl wmtg glr ncxmbi i`cvls cb. Qgms ms wglrl wl es acu`es feb gl`p. Nljcrl nmrtg sterts, jmba cut wglrl sgl ms al`mvlrmbi. Lbfcureil glr tc dbcw wget tgl pc`mfmls erl et tgl p`efl sgl ges fgcslb tc imvl nmrtg.
>. Laufetl Laufetmbi ycur f`mlbt EV H\FG EV [CVVMN@L nljcrl tgl nmrtg feb cb`y gl`p glr jll` hcrl lhpcwlrla eba gevl `lss jler we`dmbi mb. Gl`pmbi ycur f`mlbt hedl sl bsl cj e`` tgl hlamfe` te`d eba ‐pc`mtmfe` nerrmlrs‘ feb nerrmlrs‘ feb tru`y nrmbi hcrl fcbjmalbfl eba essurebfl jcr tglh. Ny prcvmambi sc`ma jefts eba mbjcrhetmcb, mt tedls e `ct cj tgl qulstmcbs eba acunts ewey eba wm`` gcplju``y gl`p tglh efgmlvl tglmr lba ice` cj e ZNEF. ^lfcibmzmbi ^lf cibmzmbi mj tglrl ms eby smib cj plrmbete` alprlssmcb cr ebxmlty ms amjjmfu`t, nut mj mt”s eaarlssla nljcrl `encr, mt feb nlbljmt tgl cutfchl cj tgl nmrtg. Mj tglrl tglrl erl smibs, lbfcureil glr tc te`d tc glr gle`tgferl prcjlssmcbe` tc amsfuss gcw sgl ms jll`mbi. EFCI (Qgl Ehlrmfeb Fc``lil cj Cnstltrmfs eba Iyblfc`cimsts) stetls? ‐Ebxmlty ms e prchmblbt jleturl cj plrmbete` hcca amscralrs, es m s mbschbme. Mt hey nl gl`pju`
tc esd e wcheb wgltglr sgl ms gevmbi mbtrusmvl cr jrmigtlbmbi tgcuigts cr ms uben`l tc s`llp lvlb wglb glr mbjebt ms s`llpmbi. Ychlb wmtg f urrlbt alprlssmcb cr ebxmlty, e gmstcry cj plrmbete` hcca amscralrs, cr rmsd jeftcrs jcr plrmbete` hcca amscralrs, werrebt pertmfu`er`y f`csl hcbmtcrmbi, lve`uetmcb, eba esslsshlbt. Qglsl wchlb hey nlbljmt jrch lvmalbflnesla psyfgc`cimfe` eba psyfgcscfme` mbtlrvlbtmcbs eba, mb schl fesls, pgerhefc`cimf tglrepy tc rlaufl tgl mbfmalbfl eba nuralb cj plrmbete` alprlssmcb‘ (EFCI, >;5<).
6. Gl`p Glr Jmba E ZNEF Vuppcrtmvl [rcvmalr Heby acftcrs wm`` sey tget tgly erl ZNEF suppcrtmvl, nut wglb aul aetls ilt f`cslr cr tgl hctglr icls mbtc `encr, tglmr plrsplftmvl fgebils. Dbcwmbi tglmr prcvmalrs” F-slftmcb retl, pc`mfmls, eba vmlws cb
[eil | :
ZNEF feb gl`p hctglrs dbcw mj e prcvmalr ms tru`y ZNEF suppcrtmvl (sll Vlft mcb MZ). Qe`d tc tglh encut prcvmalr rla j`eis eba `lt tglh dbcw mt ms blvlr tcc `etl tc fgebil e prcvmalr eba jc``cw tglmr mbtumtmcb. Dbcwmbi glr nmrtg tleh eba glr nmrtgp`efl feb rle``y gl`p ycu, es e acu`e, es ycu lbtlr tgl nmrtgmbi aey.
1. Nl Gcblst Mj ycur f`mlbt ges gmrla e prcvmalr tget ycu dbcw ms bct suppcrtmvl, mt feb nl blrvl-wrefdmbi eba acwbrmigt sfery tc te`d tc tglh encut wget ycu dbcw. Mj ycu wlrl mb tglmr sgcls, wcu`a ycu webt ycur acu`e tc sgerl tget mbjcrhetmcb wmtg ycu3 ‐Ychlb ubebmhcus`y rlpcrt tget mj tglmr acu`e dblw tglmr prcvmalr wesb”t suppcrtmvl cj
ZNEF, tgly wcu`a webt tc nl tc`a. Mj ycu wmtggc`a tgms mbjcrhetmcb, mt f eb lrcal tgl trust nltwllb ycu eba ycur f`mlbt.‘ (Dlhl`, >;5:)
<. Nl Cplb-hmbala eba Ze`maetl Qglmr Jll`mbis Mt ms mhpcrtebt tc rlhlhnlr tget bct lvlry F-slftmcb ms treuhetmf t reuhetmf jcr e wcheb. Lvlry wcheb ms icmbi tc jll` amjjlrlbt encut glr Flserleb eba tget ms bcrhe` eba cdey. Vchl hey jll` `mdl tgly ‐ jem`la‘ jem`la‘ eba eba tget e Flserleb nmrtg ms bct imvmbi nmrtg. Cb tgl ctglr geba, tglrl hey nl wchlb wgc jll` prcua cj tglhsl`vls, eba e`tgcuig tgly hey bct webt ebctglr Flserleb Flserleb,, tgly amab”t sll tglmr prlvmcus prlv mcus nmrtg es ebytgmbi nut hlamfe``y bllala. Lvlry jll`mbi ms ve`ma. Qgcsl erl tglmr jll`mbis eba mt ms mhpcrtebt es tglmr acu`es tc gl`p suppcrt tglh. Mj tglrl ms schltgmbi tget ms nlycba e acu`e”s acu`e”s rc`l rc`l (alprlssmcb, hlbte` m``blss, ltf.), mt ms aljmbmtl`y epprcprmetl jcr ycu tc rl jlr glr tc schlcbl hcrl laufetla l aufetla cb suppcrtmbi tglh mb tget tcpmf.
:. [rlperl eba Dbcw Gcw tc Vuppcrt Vu ppcrt e Flserleb Icmbi mbtc `encr, wl dbcw tget eby hch‑ hch‑mbf`uambi tgcsl wgc erl bct icmbi jcr e QC@EF‑ QC@EF ‑ges e rmsd cj gevmbi e Flserleb slftmcb. Yl es acu`es blla tc nl en`l tc ubalrsteba wglb e Flserleb slftmcb ms hlamfe``y blflssery eba dbcw gcw tc suppcrt cur f`mlbts lh ctmcbe``y, pgysmfe``y, eba laufetmcbe``y tgrcuig tgms prcflss.
Ilt Glr Fcbblftla Mb eby nmrtg slttmbi, suppcrt ms lx trlhl`y mhpcrtebt. Jehm`y eba jrmlbas tlba tc wcrry encut tglh eba cjtlb, usue``y ubdbcwmbi`y, sgerl blietmvl mbjcrhetmcb cr ubwebtla tgcuigts. Gl`pmbi glr nl fcbblftla mb glr ZNEF suppcrtmvl fchhubmty feb hedl e NMI amjjlrlbfl. @lerb wgc glr suppcrt systlh
[eil | 9
ms et gchl, gl`p glr jmba glr `cfe` MFEB (Mbtlrbetmcbe` Flserleb Ewerlblss Bltwcrd) fgeptlr, eba nl wm``mbi tc nl tgl plrscb wgc hey bl la tc ebswlr qulstmcbs cr tedl acunt ewey. [rcvmambi glr wmtg uptc-aetl aete eba rlscurfls feb gl`p gl `p glr jll` fchjcrtla mj blietmvl tgcuigts cr stcrmls fchl eba wm`` gl`p glr jll` fcbjmalbt eba ubwevlrmbi mb glr nmrtg fgcmfls.
\sl Qgcuigtju` @ebiueil E hctglr mb `encr wgc hey gevl e`rleay jl`t `mdl sgl ‐jem`la‘ `est tmhl wm`` pcssmn`y nl trmiilrla mj sgl glers tgl wcra ‐jem`‘ eiemb. Nl feutmcus cj wget `ebiueil ycu”rl usmbi aurmbi tgl prlbete` vmsmts eba nmrtg. \sl wcras tget erl pcsmtmvl eba up`mjtmbi ctglr tgeb sfery cr jedl. E F-slftmcb ms e F-slftmcb. Mb cur lxplrmlbfls, nctg plrscbe``y eba prcjlssmcbe``y, e wcheb wgc ges ubalricbl eb ubblflssery Flserleb acls BCQ `mdl tc gevl glr F-slftmcb rljlrrla tc es e ‐nl``y nmrtg‘‘ cr eb ‐enachmbe` nmrtg‘ nmrtg nmrtg‘, alspmtl tgl lhlrimbi trlba cj trymbi tc fgebil tgl vlrnmeil. Cb cur Mbsteireh peil, wl esdla wchlb wget tgly tgcuigt cj tgl blw tlrhs. Glrl erl schl cj tglmr rlspcbsls? ‐Mt”s e Flserleb. E`weys wm`` nl. M `lerbla tc efflpt mt es nlmbi fe``la tget eba tget ms wget mt wm`` e`weys nl mb hy glert eba hmba.‘ ‐M acb”t `mdl mt. Mt jll`s petrcbmzmbi.‘ ‐BC. Mt aclsb”t hedl slbsl, gcblst`y.‘ ‐Bcccccc. Mj ebytgmbi, tgms tedls ewey tgl treuhe eba slrmcusblss cj e F-slftmcb. Gera pess. ‘ ‐Gcplju``y mt aclsb”t fetfg cb.‘ ‐J`mppmbi getl mt. Hedls hl gurt .‘ ‐M acb”t ubalrsteba gcw mt hedls plcp`l jll` nlttlr. Qgl behl amab”t nctglr hl. Hy F-slftmcb lxplrmlbfl ama.‘
[eil | 7
Qgl wey wl wcra tgmbis mhpefts t gl wey wl jll` encut tgmbis. Fe``mbi e F-slftmcb, e ‐nl``y nmrtg‘ cr ‐enachmbe` nmrtg‘ `lsslbs mts slvlrmty eba tgl mhpeft mt wm`` gevl gevl cb e hctglr” hctglr”s juturl prlibebfmls. Mt ms, mb jeft, e Flserleb. Mt wm`` e`weys nl e heocr enachmbe` surilry eba fe``mbi mt ny eby ctglr behl wm`` cb`y feusl plcp`l tc jll` hcrl fchjcrten`l f chjcrten`l wmtg turbmbi tc mt hcrl qumfd`y, wgmfg wm`` lvlbtue``y feusl tgl Fslftmcb retls tc rmsl. Cbl cj tgl hcst fchhcb`y efflptla tlrhs wl gevl jcuba es wl gevl wc rdla wmtg ZNEF perlbts ms tgl tlrh ‐Flserleb nmrtg‘. Ygm`l wl gevl ylt tc fchl efrcss e wcheb wgc prljlrs tget tlrh, ycu hmigt mb ycur ocurbly. ]cu hmigt jll` hcrl fch jcrten`l esdmbi e wcheb eglea cj tmhl gcw sgl webts ycu tc rljlr tc glr F-slftmcb, nut p`lesl nut p`lesl,, acb”t oust eutchetmfe``y fe`` mt e ‐nl``y ‐ nl``y‘‘ cr ‐enachmbe` nmrtg‘ nmrtg‘.
Essmstmbi mb Qreuhe [rcflssmbi Es heby es 1<% cj wchlb wm`` alsfrmnl tglmr nmrtg es treuhetmf t reuhetmf (Nlfd, Armsfc``, & Yetscb, >;56). M b glr rlslerfg eba wcrd wmtg wchlb wgc gevl lxplrmlbfla e treuhetmf nmrtg, Fglry` Qetebc Nlfd malbtmjmla jcur hemb tglhls tget surjefla jrch tgl stcrmls cj tglmr nmrtgs? 5. Ychlb ama bct jll` ferla jcr. Qgly jl`t e`cbl eba enebacbla et schl pcmbt aurmbi fgm`anmrtg cr mhhlametl`y pcstpertuh. Qgly lxplrmlbfla e `efd cj lhpetgy jrch tglmr ferlimvlrs. Qgl ferl tgly rlflmvla wes plrflmvla es rlj`lxmvl eba lhctmcb`lss. >. Qglmr cnstltrmf ferlimvlrs ama bct fchhubmfetl w mtg tglh mb `encr. Hctglrs jl`t mbvmsmn`l eba bli`lftla wglb f`mbmfmebs te`dla tc lefg ctglr encut tglh wmtgcut eaarlssmbi tglh cr mbf`uambi tglh mb tgl fcbvlrsetmcb encut tglmr ferl . 6. Ychlb plrflmvla tget tglmr ferlimvlrs f erlimvlrs ama bct prcvmal sejl ferl jcr tglhsl`vls c r tglmr nenmls. Yglb tgmbis wlbt wrcbi, hctglrs jl`t tglmr ferlimvlrs ama bct rlspcba epprcprmetl`y es tgly trustla tglh tc ac. Qgms lxplrmlbfl `ljt tglh jll`mbi pcwlr`lss eba cut cj fc btrc`. 1. Hctglrs jl`t tget tglmr treuhetmf l xplrmlbfl wes mibcrla. Lvlrycbl te`dla encut tgl neny, nut bc cbl esdla encut tglmr cwb lhctmcbe` wl``-nlmbi. Qgly jl`t tgly pema e gmig prmfl jcr tgl sejlty cj tglmr neny. ‐Ferlimvlrs wgc erl alamfetla tc tgl gle`tg eba wl``-nlmbi cj hctglrs eba tglmr nenmls gevl
e vlry amjjmfu`t tmhl ubalrstebambi gcw tgl ferl tgly prcvmal, cjtlb wmtg tgl nlst cj mbtlbtmcbs, feb gevl sufg e blietmvl mhpeft.‘ (Nlfd, Armsfc``, & Yetscb, >;56)
[eil | =
[rcflssmbi Nmrtg Qreuhe Mt ms mhpcrtebt jcr ycur f`mlbt f `mlbt tc wcrd tgrcuig eby pest treuhe sgl hey gevl jrch glr F-slftmcb. \brlsc`vla mssuls hey nrmbi cb jler, treuhe, cr acunt jcr glr upfchmbi nmrtgs. Qe`dmbi encut pest lxplrmlbfls wmtg schlcbl suppcrtmvl cj glr alfmsmcbs ms mhpcrtebt. Esd ycur f`mlbt tc tgmbd encut >-6 plcp`l tgly feb mbf`ual mb tglmr sejl spefl. Ql`` tglh tc dllp tgcsl plcp`l bler eba turb tc tglh wglb tgly blla tc vlbt, esd qulstmcbs, ilt suiilstmcbs, ltf. ]cu hey webt tc esd glr tgl jc``cwmbi qulstmcbs? ◃
Yget wes mt encut ycur prlvmcus nmrtg tget nrmbis cb tgms jler, treuhe, cr acunt3
◃
Ama schltgmbi gepplb ublxplftla`y3 Yes lvlrytgmbi icmbi jmbl, tglb qumfd`y turbla jrch jmbl tc aebilrcus3
◃
Ama ebycbl te`d tc ycu eba lxp`emb ycur cptmcbs cr wget wes gepplbmbi3
◃
Yes ebycbl mb aebilr3
◃
Ama ycu alvl`cp e `mjl-tgrletlbmbi fcbamtmcb tget hey gevl ejjlftla ycu cr tgl neny tget feusla ycu tc nl mbaufla3 Yes tglrl schltgmbi tget gepplbla tget tgl acftcrs jl`t heal e veimbe` nmrtg tcc rmsdy3
◃
Yget heal mt jll` `mdl mt wes tcc hufg tc geba`l3
◃
Yget encut ycur nmrtg p`eb/lxplftetmcbs amab”t ic es p`ebbla3
◃
Ama ycu jll` mibcrla eba `mdl lvlrycbl te`dla encut tgl neny, nut bc cbl esdla encut ycur cw b lhctmcbe` wl``-nlmbi3
Qgly hey gevl jl`t `mdl tgly pema e gmig prmfl jcr tgl sejlty cj tglmr neny. Nmrtg treuhe hey bct e`weys nl schltgmbi tget stmfds wmtg hctglrs mb e blietmvl wey, nut mj mt acls, mt ms mhpcrtebt tc wcrd tgrcuig prmcr tc t gl errmve` cj tglmr blxt neny.
Nmrtg Qreuhe jcr Qgl Nmrtg [ertblr Es e nmrtg pertblr, mt feb nl gera tc wetfg schlcbl ycu `cvl sujjlr tgrcuig sufg e `eril lvlbt. Mt”s mhpcrtebt jcr bct cb`y tgl hch, nut e`sc tgl nmrtg pertblr tc prcflss prcfl ss gms/glr nmrtg jler, treuhe, cr acunt. Qgl jll`mbi cj gl`p`lssblss jl`t jcr e `cvla c bl feb nl vlry upslttmbi eba jrustretmbi. Ymtg nmrtg [QVA, nmrtg pertblrs feb gevl j`esgnefds, bmigtherls, ubflrtembty wmtg alfmsmcbs nlmbi heal, eba mbtumtmvl tgcuigts tget hey feusl e pertblr tc nl upslt. Eaarlssmbi tglsl jlers eba jmbambi tgl nlst suppcrt systlh prmcr tc tgl neny errmvmbi ms mhpcrtebt. Vchltmhls e pertblr wgc epplers wmtgarewb ms
[eil | 5;
ebiry cr sferla eba esdmbi cplb-lbala qulstmcbs encut tglmr prlvmcus lxplrmlbfl feb gl`p amsfcvlr wglrl tgl wmtgarewe` ms fchmbi jrch. \balrsteba tget e pertblr acls bct e`weys dbcw gcw tc hedl tglmr pertblr geppy cr jmx tglmr prcn`lhs. Lbfcureimbi tglh tc te`d cplb`y wmtg lefg ctglr eba eftue``y `mstlb tc wget tgl ctglr ges t c sey wm`` cplb up jll`mbis cj slfurmty jcr nctg plcp`l.
Jler ^l`lesl Eftmvmty Gl`pmbi ycur f`mlbt rlfcibmzl wget tglmr jlers erl ms vlry mhpcrtebt. Yl gevl e wcbalrju` jler rl`lesl eftmvmty tget ycu feb wcrd tgrcuig wmtg ycur f `mlbts cr imvl tc tglh es gchlwcrd tc amsfuss et ycur blxt vmsmt. Qgms eftmvmty feb nl usla jcr eby jler eba wm`` gl`p ycu nlttlr ubalrsteba wglrl tgly erl fchmbi jrch eba wget jlers ycu feb wc rd tgrcuig wmtg tglh. Mt ms male` tc prcflss tglmr jlers es sccb es pcssmn`l tc prlperl t gl hmba jcr tglmr upfchmbi nmrtg. Mb tcaey”s wcr`a, tglrl ms e `ct cj blietmvmty, je`sl essuhptmcbs, eba nu``ymbi, lsplfme``y wglb mt fchls tc nmrtg eba ZNEF. E`tgcuig scfme` hlame eba tgl mbtlrblt feb nl e jebtestmf rlscurfl, mt feb e`sc tler schlcbl”s gcpls, gcpls, alsmrls, eba arlehs epert mb hmbutls. Mt feb e`sc frletl hcrl jler, schltmhls ubmbtlbtmcbe``y. Mt ms mhpcrtebt tget wl rlhmba cur f`mlbts wglb nrcwsmbi scfme` hlame jcruhs, mbtlrblt jcruhs, eba Icci`l, tget mt ms mhpcrtebt tc tedl mbjcrhetmcb imvlb wmtg e iremb cj se`t. \smbi cur N^EMB (sll slftmcb Z) ms icmbi tc p`ey e nmi jeftcr mb prcflssmbi eba ubalrstebambi tglmr jlers eba dbcwmbi wget ms nlst jcr tglh eba tglmr neny. Es ycu prcflss t glmr jlers wmtg tglh, rlhmba tglh tget mt ms cdey tc gevl hcrl tgeb cbl jler eba mt”s cdey tc ac tgms eftmvmty hcrl tgeb cbfl. Nl`cw ms e stlp-ny-stlp lxehp`l cj wget ycu feb sey eba tgmbis ycu feb ac tc w e`d tglh tgrcuig tgms eftmvmty. Yl lbfcureil ycu tc ac tgms ef tmvmty ycursl`j encut eby jler ycu hey gevl, mt aclsb”t gevl tc nl nmrtg rl`etla, sc ycu dbcw gcw mt jll`s tc ic tgrcuig tgms prcflss.
[eil | 55
[eil | 5>
[eil | 56
[eil | 51
Hlbte` [rlperetmcb jcr ]cu eba ]cur F`mlbt Mt ms mhpcrtebt es wl prlp jcr tgl ZNEF ocurbly tget wl lbtlr mt wmtg plefl cj hmba eba es jrll cj jler es pcssmn`l. @leambi up tc ycur f`mlbt” f`mlbt ”s neny”s nmrtgaey, tglrl ms e `ct cj prlp ycu feb ac tciltglr tc remsl tgl cvlre`` fgebfls cj e sufflssju` ZNEF.
Qedl e Icca ZNEF eba Nmrtg Laufetmcb Lau fetmcb Fcursl Qgms fcursl hey nl amjjlrlbt jcr lvlr ycbl. Qglrl erl heby fgm`anmrtg laufetmcb f`essls eba hltgcas cut tglrl? Gypbcnmrtgmbi, Gypbcnenmls, Qgl Nrea`ly Hltgca, Nmrtgmbi jrch Ymtgmb, Nmrtg Ncct Fehp, l tf. Nut wgy ms mt mhpcrtebt tc tedl eb laufetmcb f`ess3 Qedmbi e fcursl rlsu`ts mb hcrl laufetmcb, gebas-cb preftmfl, eba dbcw`lail encut tgl lbtmrl nmrtg prcflss. Gl`pmbi glr dbcw wget tc lxplft jrch tget jmrst fcbtreftmcb tc tgl jmbe` pusg wm`` ic e `cbi wey tcwera rlaufmbi cvlre`` ebxmlty eba prlpermbi glr jcr tgl mbfrlamn`l ocurbly sgl”s sgl”s encut encut tc ic tgrcuig, wgm`l e`sc ubalrstebambi tgl rmsds eba nlbljmts. Mt ms mhpcrtebt tc hedl surl tgl f`ess ms fchpetmn`l wmtg glr vmsmcbs cj eb male` nmrtg. Yget sgl wm`` `lerb? Yeys tc gl`p glr rl`ex eba fcpl, pemb rl`mlj cptmcbs, vermcus pcsmtmcbs tc try aurmbi `encr (ycu es tglmr acu`e wm`` gl`p dllp tglsl cptmcbs jrlsg), dbcwmbi wget”s bcrhe` eba wget msb”t, steils cj `encr, pusgmbi cptmcbs, ltf.
@lerb Gcw tc Hlamtetl eba ^l`ex tgl Hmba Hlamtetmcb ms gle`tgy jcr ebycbl tc ac cb e aem`y nesms. Hlamtetmbi stmhu`etls tgl nremb eba e``cws mt tc criebmzl mtsl`j, wgmfg tglb gl`ps cur tgcuigts nl h crl retmcbe` eba rlaufls tgl strlss gcrhcbl, fcrtmsc`, wgmfg wm`` tglb rlturb `cwlr n`cca prlssurl eba ebxmlty eba gl`ps cur hmba eba ncay rl`ex. Yl E@@ sgcu`a hlamtetl aem`y. Qglrl erl heby weys tc hlamtetl. hlamtetl . Mj ycu gevl tedlb e fgm`anmrtg laufetmcb f`ess tget wcrds wmtg sfrmpts, ycu hey webt tc hlamtetl tget wey, cr heynl ycu gevl e jevcrmtl hlamfetmcb pcafest. Qglrl erl e `ct cj epps tget wl `mdl mbf`uambi? •
Gleaspefl
•
Qgl Hmbaju`blss Epp
•
Hmbancay,
[eil | 5<
•
Vhm`mbi Hmba
•
Vmhp`l Genmt
E Acu`e”s ^c`l mb Hlbte` [rlperetmcb ]ls, wl tgmbd acu`es erl prltty fcc`‑ fcc`‑es e acu`e, ycu feb gl`p prlperl ycur f`mlbts hlbte` stetl `leambi up tc nmrtg eba feb rlfcibmzl trmiilrs aurmbi `encr. Mb ycur prlbete` vmsmts wmtg ycur f`mlbt, wcrd wmtg tglh eba tglmr nmrtgmbi pertblr(s) eba `lerb gcw y cu feb nlst gl`p tglh tgrcuig eby jlers eba hlbte` n`cfds. ]cu feb ac sc hufg tc gl`p nrmbi e pcsmtmvl spefl jcr nctg ycur f`mlbt eba tglmr pertblr.
Fcpmbi es e Acu`e Es acu`es, wl irevmtetl tcweras tedmbi f erl cj cur f`mlbts jmrst eba hedmbi surl wl feb gl`p tglh fcpl eba prcflss tglmr nmrtg lxplrmlbfl‑ lxplrmlbfl‑nut wget mj tgl nmrtg wes treuhetmf jcr ycu es wl``3 Yget ac ycu ac3 Ygc ac ycu turb tc3 Mt ms vlry mhpcrtebt, es e acu`e, tc gevl e sc`ma suppcrt tleh tget ycu feb turb tc eba prcflss e nmrtg wmtg. Mt hey nl ctglr acu`es, acu`es , jehm`y, cr jrmlbas. Mt”s amjjmfu`t, nut mt ms mhpcrtebt bct tc put ycursl`j acwb ny qulstmcbmbi ycursl`j, cr nlet ycursl`j up mj ycu tgmbd ycu sgcu`a gevl acbl schltgmbi amjjlrlbt. Nmrtg ms schltgmbi tget, ubjcrtubetl`y, wl feb”t fc btrc`. Mt ms vmte` tc ubalrsteba tget wl ama t gl nlst wl wl fcu`a‑eba fcu`a ‑eba es hufg es wl”a `mdl tc, wl feb”t sevl lvlrycbl.
Lsslbtme` [gysmfe` [rlperetmcb Qedmbi prcplr pgysmfe` ferl cj tgl ncay ms mhpcrtebt jcr e`` prlibebfmls eba lsplfme``y wglb prlpermbi tc ZNEF4 nlmbi mb cptmhe` gle`tg cvlre`` wm`` lbsurl tgl `encr eba nmrtg prcflssls rub es shcctg`y es pcssmn`l, eba alfrlesls rmsds cj slvlre` nmrtg fch p`mfetmcbs.
Gyaretmcb Lxplftebt wchlb sgcu`a armbd et `lest 7; c ubfls cj wetlr plr aey (N`cubt, >;;<). V teymbi prcplr`y gyaretla ms mhpcrtebt tc eb lxplftebt plrscb”s cvlre`` gle`tg, lsplfme``y mb tgl `est trmhlstlr. Mbealquetl wetlr mbtedl `leas tc swl``mbi, wetlr rltlbtmcb, fcbstmpetmcb, glhcrrgcmas, n`eaalr mbjlftmcbs, eba feb lvlb feusl prltlrh `encr. Vc, mj ycur f`mlbt ms jll `mbi eby cj tglsl syhptchs, gevl glr fglfd glr wetlr wetl r mbtedl, iren e nmi i`ess cj wetlr, eba sced mb eb Lpsch se`t netg, es Lpsch se`ts
[eil | 5:
prcvmal jest enscrptmcb cj heiblsmuh, wgmfg gl`ps wmtg gyaretmcb eba ges heby glert eba f mrfu`etmcb nlbljmts. Lbfcureil glr tc stey gyaretla t grcuigcut tgl aey eba, mj sgl ms beuslcus, eaambi `lhcb cr `mhl tc glr wetlr hmigt gl`p. Ygm`l armbdmbi wetlr ms male`, oumfl cr ctglr nlvlreils erl efflpten`l es `cbi es e`fcgc` ms evcmala eba fejjlmbl mbtedl ms `mhmtla tc `lss tgeb >; ;hi plr aey.
Butrmtmcb Gevl ycu lvlr glera tgl seymbi, ‐]cu”rl letmbi jcr twc‘ wglb ycu”rl prlibebt3 E`tgcuig e wcheb hey nl letmbi jcr twc eba blla tc mbfrlesl fe`crmls, mt ms mhpcrtebt sgl d llp mb hmba wget sgl”s letmbi. Mt ms rlfchhlbala tget e prlibebt wcheb lets 6;;-1;; lxtre fe`crmls mb glr slfcba eba tgmra trmhlstlr. Mt ms mhpcrtebt tc amsfuss glr splfmjmf plrscbe` butrmtmcbe` bllas wmtg glr gle`tgferl prcvmalr. Glr ncay ms wcrdmbi gera tc ircw e neny, sc mt”s lsslbtme` tc imvl mt wget mt bllas. Vtuamls gevl sgcwb tget wchlb wmtg pccr amlts tlba tc gevl geralr `encrs eba tglmr fgm`arlb r ub e gmiglr rmsd cj ctglr gle`tg mssuls (N`cubt, >;;<). Aurmbi prlibebfy, mt ms `mdl`y ycur f`mlbt wm`` nl wlmigla et lefg prlbete` vmsmt. Qgms ms schltgmbi sc heby lxplftebt hctglrs strlss encut, nut lbfcureil glr bct tc. Glr ncay ms ircwmbi e neny eba wlmigt iemb ms bcrhe`. Qgl nmi qulstmcb sgcu`a nl? wget ac ac M let3 Jllambi cur ncamls wl`` ms mhpcrtebt, sc mj ycur f`mlbt esds wget typls cj jcca tc let, lbfcureil glr tc let e gle`tgy vermlty cj c j tgl jc``cwmbi? ◃
[rctlmb
◃
Zlilten`ls
◃
Irembs
◃
Jrumts
◃
Aemry
Icca butrmlbts wm`` nlbljmt nctg glr eba glr neny aurmbi prlibebfy, `encr, nmrtg, eba pcstpertuh. Vtuamls erl sgcwmbi tget icca butrmtmcb ms `mbdla tc jlwlr prlheturl nenmls, eba hcrl lbl riy aurmbi prlibebfy (EFCI, >;57). Ejtlr nmrtg, nenmls erl gle`tgmlr, gevl e nlttlr pettlrb cj wlmigt iemb, eba hctglrs lxplrmlbfl hcrl wlmigt `css mb tgl pcstpertuh steil, qumfdlr gle`mbi, eba lvlb irletlr l`estmfmty cj tmssuls aurmbi pusgmbi.
[eil | 59
Lxlrfmsl Mb eaamtmcb tc icca butrmtmcb, mt ms e`sc mhpcrtebt tc lxlrfmsl. EFCI suiilsts tget e prlibebt wcheb ilt e tcte` cj 6; hmbutls cr hcrl cj eftmvmty lvlry aey. Qgms hey nl acbl e`` et cbfl cr mb slftmcbs. Mj sgl ges bct nllb eftmvl nljcrl prlibebfy, lbfcureil glr tc tedl mt s`cw. E`weys gevl glr fglfd wmtg glr prcvmalr jmrst eba sll wget typl cj jmtblss nlst jmts glr eba glr prlibebfy. EFCI suiilsts evcmambi eftmvmtmls wmtg e gmig rmsd cj je``mbi, sufg es gcrslnefd rmambi, wmbtlr spcrts, wetlr spcrts, ltf. Mt ms mhpcrtebt tc stert wcrdcuts wmtg e icca strltfg eba mb tgl fcrrlft f`ctgmbi. Vwmhhmbi, ycie, [m`etls, we`dmbi, feramc, strlbitg, pl`vmf j`ccr strlbitglbmbi, eba ociimbi erl e`` irlet cptmcbs effcrambi tc EFCI (EFCI, >;59). Lxlrfmsl feb gl`p e wcheb”s ncay wcheb”s ncay prlperl jcr `encr. Mt wm`` e`sc imvl glr e glea stert ster t mb ilttmbi nefd mbtc sgepl ejtlr glr neny errmvls. E rlturb tc pgysmfe` eftmvmty pcst-neny ges e`sc nllb esscfmetla wmtg alfrlesla mbfmalbfl cj pcstpertuh alprlssmcb. Mt ms mhpcrtebt bct tc pusg glrsl `j tcc gera. ^lhmba glr tc armbd eba rlst wglb bllala. Vteymbi gyaretla ms vlry mhpcrtebt. Yl `csl wetlr lvlry aey eba, mj bct rlp`efla, algyaretmcb cffurs. Yetlr p`eys e frmtmfe` pert mb gle`tgy jlt e` alvl`cphlbt.
[l`vmf J`ccr Gle`tg Yget ms tgl [l`vmf J`ccr3 Qgl pl`vmf j`ccr ms e `eylr cj h usf`ls tget suppcrts cur criebs eba gl`ps us gevl tgl fc btrc` cj cur n`eaalr, ncwl`s, eba utlrus. Cur pl`vmf j`ccr husf`l strltf gls jrch tgl jrcbt tc tgl nefd eba smal tc smal. Qgms husf`l ms vlry mhpcrtebt, eba e`tgcuig mt msb”t sllb `mdl cur erhs eba `lis ejtlr `mjtmbi wlmigts, mt feb nl fcbtrc``la eba trembla. Qgl pl`vmf j`ccr e`sc prcvmals suppcrt aurmbi prlibebfy eba nmrtgmbi steils. Yglb tgl pl`vmf j`ccr husf`ls erl fcbtreftla, mt tmigtlbs tgl veimbe eba ebus. Yglb tgl pl`vmf j`ccr ms rl`exla, mt e``cws e pesseilwey jcr us tc usl tgl rlstrcch eba nmrtg e neny.
Gcw Feb tgl [l`vmf J`ccr Ejjlft Nmrtg3 Qgl nmrtgmbi prcflss strlssls eba strembs tgl pl`vmf j`ccr sc mt ms mhpcrtebt tc gevl icca tcbl eba l`estmfmty. [rlpermbi glr pl`vmf j`ccr aurmbi prlibebfy, wm`` gevl e pcsmtmvl mhpeft cb ycur f`mlbts” nmrtg cutfchl. E`tgcuig sgl hey splba e `ct cj tmhl strlbitglbmbi tgl pl`vmf j`ccr nljcrl prlibebfy, mt”s mhpcrtebt tc gevl e rl`exla pl`vmf j`ccr aurmbi pusgmbi. E tlbsl pl`vmf j`ccr feb s`cw acwb `encr prcirlss.
[eil | 57
Jem`url tc prcirlss ms cbl cj tgl `leambi rlescbs jcr e Flserleb. Fl serleb. Cjtlb, jem`url tc prcirlss hey nl aul tc e pccr`y-pcsmtmcbla neny, cr tgl ncay bct prcaufmbi tgl fcrrlft ehcubt cj cxytcfmb tc ilt `encr icmbi. Ymtg tgms sema, dbcwmbi tgl mbblr jlhe`l ebetchy f eb tru`y nlbljmt ycur f`mlbts `encr prcirlss. Yl strcbi`y rlfchhlba prlibebt plrscbs sll e pl`vmf j`ccr splfme`mst `leambi up tc tglmr al`mvlry. Qgly feb gl`p tlefg ycur f`mlbt tgl fcrrlft tlfgbmquls tc nctg strlbitglb tgl pl`vmf j`ccr nljcrl al`mvlry, jll` prlperla aurmbi `encr, eba lvlb gl`p mb tgl pcstpertuh steils. Qglrl erl heby pl`vmf j`ccr lxlr fmsls cb`mbl, eba jmbambi e pl`vmf j`ccr splfme`mst hey gl`p glr `lerb h crl encut glr splfmjmf bllas. Qlfgbmquls erl e`weys nlst usla wglb tem`crla tc tgl mbamvmaue` tc gl`p ycu hllt tglmr splfmjmf bllas.
Flserleb Vfer Hesseil Nlbljmts Vchltmhls, tgl Flserleb sfer feb nl tlbalr, tgmfd, eba ubfchjcrten`l jcr hcbtgs, cr lvlb ylers ejtlr nmrtg. Qglrl erl sc heby vermetmcbs cj bcrhe` nut tedmbi tgl tmhl tc hesseil cr t cufg tgl sfer feb gl`p nrled up sfer tmssul tget hey nl feusmbi pemb. Mt ms suiilstla jcr hchs w mtg Flserleb sfers tc sll e pgysmfe` cr pl`vmf j`ccr tglrepmst wgc feb prcvmal heby pgysmfe` eba lhctmcbe` nlbljmts es t gly prlperl jcr nmrtg. Es hctglrs trefl cvlr tgl sfer, tgly hey bctmfl lhctmcbs eba sl bsetmcbs tgly amab”t dbcw lxmstla. Mt hey gurt, tmbi`l, cr jll` jll ` ubfchjcrten`l. Mt hey jll` wlmra, ubusue`, cr plrjlft`y bcrh e`. @lt tglh dbcw mt ms cdey tc jll` tgcsl jll`mbis nlf eusl, es wmtg fgm`anmrtg, tglsl sfers gevl tglmr cwb ubmqul eba splfmjmf hlebmbi tc lefg cj us. Gcw tgly jll` es tgly trefl cvlr mt wm`` mbfrlesl ewerlblss cj tgcsl hlebmbis eba lhctmcbs. Qgly feb stert hesseimbi tgl sfer es sccb es tgly jll` rleay eba tglmr prcvmalr ges f`lerla tglh tc ac sc4 typmfe``y, wmtgmb smx wllds, wgmfg ms wglb mt ges pgysmfe``y gle`la. Qgly feb stert cut ny ilbt`y runnmbi mt. Qget gl`ps mbfrlesl `yhpgetmf arembeil, `ccslb up tgmfdlr sfers, alfrlesl swl``mbi, alfrlesl pccr husf`l rlfrumthlbt tget hey mb tgl enachmbe` we``, eba mbfrlesl `yhpgetmf enscrptmcb. E`` tglsl tgmbis wm`` nl gl`pju` jcr tglh es tgly pgysmfe``y eba hlbte``y prlperl (nl surl tc lbfcureil tglh tc vmsmt e pl`vmf j`ccr tglrepmst cr prcvmalr tc amsfuss tgl epprcprmetl tlfgbmquls jcr tglh).
Glrns eba Vupp`lhlbts Hlamfe` Amsf`emhlr? Qgl jc``cwmbi rlfchhlbala glrns eba supp`lhlbts erl ilblre``y rlfcibmzla es sejl jcr wchlb mb bcrhe` gle`tg. Gcwlvlr, aul tc tgl pcssmn`l fgebils cj acsl rlfchhlbaetmcbs cr
[eil | 5=
fgebils mb jcrhu`etmcb, wl e`weys rlfchhlba tget lefg plrscb spled wmtg tglmr prcvmalr nljcrl stertmbi eby cj tglsl rlfchhlbala tmbfturls eba tles. f chls jrch tgl `levls cj tgl rla respnlrry p`ebt. ^la ^espnlrry @lej Qle (^^@Q)? (^^@Q) ? ^la respnlrry `lej tle fchls Qgms glrne` tle ges nllb usla jcr flbturmls tc suppcrt rlspmretcry, amilstmvl, eba utlrmbl gle`tg, pertmfu`er`y aurmbi prlibebfy eba fgm`anlermbi ylers. Qgms ms bct schltgmbi tget wm`` mbaufl `encr nut ms dbcwb tc gl`p tcbl tgl utlrmbl we`` tc nl hcrl ljjmfmlbt wglb fcbtreftmcbs ac stert.
Amsf`emhlr‑\bjcrtubetl`y, tgl tle acls BCQ testl `mdl respnlrrmls. Mt testls hcrl `mdl e n`efd tle. Eaambi gcbly eba `lhcb feb gl`p tgl testl.
Nmrtg [rlp ny Ar. Fgrmstcpglr? E ubmqul wgc`l glrn jcrhu`etmcb alsmibla tc suppcrt eb l xplftmbi hctglr””s ncay jcr tgl `est smx wllds hctglr wll ds cj prlibebfy eba prlperl glr pgysmfe``y jcr tgl nmrtgmbi prcflss. Qc
nl tedlb CB@] mb tgl `est smx wllds cj prlibebfy. Mt ms dbcwb tc gl`p prmhl tgl flrvmx eba frletl l`estmfmty tc tgl plrmbluh tc gl`p evcma eby tlermbi aurmbi tgl pusgmbi pgesl.
^la F`cvlr? ^la F`cvlr ms e bcurmsgmbi jcca glrn. Mt ms rmfg mb e vermlty cj vmtehmbs eba hmblre`s eba ms cbl cj tgl nlst n`cca-purmjymbi glrns. Qgms n`cca-purmjymbi eftmcb ms wcbalrju` jcr prlibebfy prlperetmcb, emambi mb altcxmjmfetmcb cj lbvmrcbhlbte` pc``utebts prmcr tc fcbflptmcb. Effcrambi tc Vusub Ylla (cbl cj tgl hcst wl``-dbcwb w l``-dbcwb Ylstlrb glrne`msts), ^la F`cvlr ms cbl cj tgl nlst prlibebfy prlperetmcb tcbmfs. ‐Mt ms hy lxplrmlbfl es eb glrne`mst usmbi ^la F`cvlr tget erl tgl rmfglst eba hcst rle` jcr hl.
M gevl usla ^la F`cvlr es e bcurmsgmbi glrn jcr ylers, wmtg bc blietmvl smal ljjlfts.‘ (Ylla, 5=7:)
Fgmrcpreftcr/[rlbete` Hesseil Vllmbi e fgmrcpreftcr tc gl`p e wcheb ilt ne`ebfla eba e`mibla jcr wglb neny alfmals tc errmvl ms mhpcrtebt. Ettlbambi e fgmrcpreftcr ejtlr tgl jmrst trmhlstlr ms jebtestmf, nlfeusl tgms ilts yc u cb tgl rmigt trefd cj nlmbi ne`ebfla. Yl suiilst jmbambi schlcbl wgc ms Ylnstlr-trembla eba/cr ms trembla tc wcrd wmtg prlibebt wchlb. Gl/sgl feb gl`p ne`ebfl ycur pl`vms eba ilt ycur ncay rleay jcr e veimbe` nmrtg. Es neny ircws, tglrl feb nl ncay efgls, speshs, nea pcsturl, eba e `efd cj alf lbt s`llp. Fgmrcpreftcrs feb sgcw ycu ljjlftmvl strltf gls tc gl`p tedl schl cr e`` cj tgms amsfchjcrt ewey.
[eil | >;
Mj e pl`vms ms cjj cr e sefruh ms cut cj p`efl, mt ms pcssmn`l jcr e neny tc bct fchl acwb mbtc tgl pl`vms mb tgl fcrrlft wey. Qgms aclsb”t hleb mt ms mhpcssmn`l tc ilt tgl neny mb tgl fcrrlft spct4 gcwlvlr, mt fcu`a feusl lxtre amsfchjcrt aurmbi prlibebfy eba `encr. Qc jmba e Ylnstlr-flrtmjmla fgmrcpreftcr bler ycu, ic tc www.mfpe1dmas.fch. Hesseil ms ebctglr irlet wey tc gl`p lesl amsfchjcrts eba scjtlb tmigt tlbacbs eba husf`ls tget sgcu`a nl scjt eba rl`exla mb `encr. Vllmbi e icca hesseil tglrepmst e jlw tmhls mb tgl slfcba eba tgmra trmhlstlrs wm`` nlbljmt rl`exetmcb eba frletl nlttlr rlst. Vchl hehes jmba efupubfturl eba hycjesfme` rl`lesl e`sc gl`ps ilt tglmr ncamls ne`ebfla, rl`exla, eba rleay jcr e beture` nmrtg. Ilt jehm`mer wmtg tglsl typls cj pr cvmalrs mb ycur erle sc ycu gevl rlfchhlbaetmcbs jcr ycur f`mlbts wglb tgly blla tglh.
Jlte` [csmtmcb Hedls e Amjjlrlbfl Jlte` pcsmtmcbmbi mb `encr p`eys e G\IL pert cb gcw `encr j`cws. ‐Qgl cffmput-pcstlrmcr (C[) jlte` glea pcsmtmcb aurmbi tgl jmrst steil cj `encur cffurs mb 5;-
61% cj flpge`mf prlslbtetmcbs. Hcst wm`` spcbteblcus`y rctetl mb ebtlrmcr pcsmtmcb nljcrl al`mvlry, nut <-7% cj e`` nmrtgs wm`` plrsmst mb C[ pcsmtmcb jcr tgl TslfcbaX steil cj `encur. ‘ (Iumttml, Ctglbmb-Imrera, & Mrmcb, >;51)
E`cbi wmtg pcstlrmcr, tglrl erl ctglr pcsmtmcbs tgl neny fcu`a nl mb tget erl bct cptmhe`, sufg es esybf`mtmf, trebsvlrsl, jefme` cr nrcw prlsl btetmcb, sgcu`alr prlslbtetmcb, eba nrllfg. Qgl hcst male` pcsmtmcb jcr e neny tc nl mb nljcrl eba aurmbi `encr ms Cffmput Ebtlrmcr (CE). Qgms ms wglrl tgl neny”s nen y”s
[eil | >5
nefd ms eiembst tgl hctglr”s nl``y. hctglr”s nl``y. Vgl wm`` jll` dmfdmbi up jrcbt eba hcrl tgeb `mdl`y jll` tgl neny” neny”ss nefd es e gera spct cb tgl jrcbt. Gcw feb ycu tl`` e neny ms bct mb eb cptmhe` pcsmtmcb3 Ctglr tgeb e flrvmfe` fglfd cr eb u`trescuba, tglrl erl smibs cr syhptchs tget hey mbamfetl tgl neny ms bct mb eb c ptmhe` pcsmtmcb. E heocr smib ms e wcheb lxplrmlbfmbi gera nefd `encr cr nefd pemb, `encr hey nl prc`cbila cr ste``mbi, tgl nl``y hey nl j`et cr scjt up jrcbt eba dmfds wm`` nl hemb`y up jrcbt, fcbtreftmcbs hey sgcw e ‐fcup`mbi‘ pettlrb, cr prc`cbila pusgmbi wmtg `mtt`l prcirlss. Lvlb wmtg e`` cj tglsl, schltmhls nenmls feb nl C[ eba bct sgcw eby cj tgcsl smibs. Es e acu`e, mt ms mhpcrtebt tc rlfcibmzl tglsl syhptchs ler`y cb eba try eba lbfcureil e nlttlr pcsmtmcb tgrcuig `encr pcsmtmcb fgebils, hcvlhlbt, eba rlnczc tc gl`p hmbmhmzl tgl `lbitg cj `encr.
Yget Feb ]cu Ac tc Gl`p3 Fgebimbi pcsmtmcbs aurmbi `encr ms tgl buhnlr cbl tgmbi wl es acu`es feb ac tc gl`p lbfcureil eb cptmhe` jlte` pcsmtmcb. Jcr hctglrs wgc erl ubhlamfetla, hcvlhlbt ms e `mtt`l lesmlr. Jcr tgcsl wgc gevl eb lpmaure`, tgms feb hedl tgmbis e `mtt`l trmfdmlr4 gcwlvlr, tglrl erl stm`` tgmbis ycu feb ac wmtg pcsmtmcbmbi tc gl`p glr swllt neny fchl acwb mbtc tgl pl`vms mb tgl fcrrlft pcsmtmcb. \smbi tcc`s `mdl tgl plebut ne``, rlnczc, squet ner, eba pm``cws feb gl`p wglb yc u gevl e hchhe wgc ms bct en`l tc hcvl ercuba es wl`` es eb ubhlamfetla hch. Qgl nlst wey tc gl`p glr neny nl mb e icca spct ms stertmbi nljcrl `encr nlimbs, wmtg pcsmtmcbs eba peymbi ettlbtmcb tc pcsturl. Mb yc ur prlbete` vmsmts, ycu hey webt tc mbfcrpcretl te`dmbi encut jlte` pcsmtmcbmbi eba gcw tc ilt e neny mb eb cptmhe` spct nljcrl `encr nlimbs. ^lhlhnlr, lvlb mj tgl neny sterts mb tgl rmigt spct, tglrl ms e`weys e fgebfl tget tgl neny hey fgebil pcsmtmcbs eba lba up mb eb C[ cr ctglr pcsmtmcb et schl pcmbt mb `encr. [csmtmcbs tget lbfcureil icca jlte` pcsmtmcb erl `mstla nl`cw. Qgl Hm`ls Fmrfumt eba Vpmbbmbi Nenmls erl wcbalrju` scurfls cj mbjcrhetmcb jcr ycu tc imvl tc ycur f`mlbts. ]cu hey e`sc webt tc imvl glr schl mbjcrhetmcb cb gcw tc nl``y hep. Vpmbbmbi Nenmls ges irlet `mbds cb gcw tc hep e neny”s neny”s pcsmtmcb pcsmtmcb (sll Epplbamx >). Vchltgmbi tget ycu feb ac ms try ycur nlst tc hedl surl tgl neny ms mb tgl nlst pcsmtmcb prmcr tc e wcheb”s wetlr nrledmbi. Qgms ms icca mbjcrhetmcb jcr E@@ veimbe` nmrtgs, eba LV[LFME@@] rl`lvebt mb ZNEF, es prcvmalrs tlba tc nl `lss petmlbt wmtg e he`pcsmtmcbla neny. Mj `encr ms bct prcirlssmbi, sgl ms gevmbi smibs tget t gl neny ms bct mb e icca spct, eba mt”s rlfchhlbala tget sgl rupturl glr hlhnrebls, lbfcureil ycur f`mlbt tc esd encut wemtmbi eba wcrdmbi rle``y gera tc ilt tgl neny mb e nlttlr pcsmtmcb nljcrl prcfllambi wmtg tget cptmcb.
[eil | >>
Qgl Hm`ls Fmrfumt Hm`ls Fmrfumt prlperetmcb sgcu`a stert ercuba 69 wllds cj prlibebfy eba sgcu`a nl plrjcrhla epprcxmhetl`y 5; hmbutls plr aey, eaambi e jlw h mbutls lefg aey ubtm` mt feb nl acbl jcr tgl ju`` =; hmbutls. Qglrl erl tgrll stlps tc tgl fmrfumt. Qgl fmrfumt wes frletla jcr ilttmbi nenmls wl``-e`mibla nljcrl `encr nlimbs. Mt ms male` jcr e neny tc nl mb tgl @CE pcsmtmcb nljcrl `encr nlimbs, wgmfg wm`` gcplju``y evcma pcstlrmcr nenmls mb `encr. Mj `encr ms bct prcirlssmbi, tgl fmrfumt hey nl suiilstla tc try eba ilt tget swllt neny mb tgl rmigt spct. Qgms pcsmtmcb wm`` wcrd mj ycur f`mlbt ms gevmbi eby cj tgl jc``cwmbi syhptchs? •
Nefd `encr cr gmstcry cj nefd `encr.
•
@encr ms bct prcirlssmbi cr ges icbl l rretmf.
•
]cur f`mlbt ms lxplrmlbfmbi [^CH ([rlheturl ^upturl cj Hlhnrebls).
Gcw tc ac tgl Hm`ls Fmrfumt Vtlp 5? Cplb Dbll Fglst Qry tc stey mb tgms pcsmtmcb jcr up tc 6; hmbutls. Vtert mb tgl fet fcw pcsmtmcb. Arcp ycur fglst es `cw es ycu feb eba nrmbi ycur ncttch es gmig mb tgl emr es pcssmn`l. Dllp ycur dblls wmal epert, dllpmbi tgl ebi`l nltwllb tcrsc eba tgmigs et =; alirlls. Jll` jrll tc wmii`l ercuba eba prcp wmtg pm``cws mj bllala. Mt ms mhpcrtebt tc nl lxtrlhl`y rl`exla. Qgms pcsmtmcb e``cws tgl neny tc hcvl ercuba cut cj tgl pl`vms. Vchl hchhes `mdl tc ferlju``y pcsmtmcb wmtg e rlnczc ubalr tgl nl``y wmtg ilbt`l tlbsmcb jrch e suppcrt plrscb nl gmba tc gl`p glr hembtemb tget pcsmtmcb jcr `cbilr (up tc 6; hmbutls). Vtlp >? Lxeiilretla Vmal @ymbi Qgms pcsmtmcb ms cbl wl tl`` cur f`mlbts tc ac lvlb mb tglmr s`llp. Mt”s cbl tget `ccds mhpcssmn`l nlfeusl cj tglmr nl``y, nut mt”s bct. mt”s bct. Vgcwmbi wchlb tgms pcsmtmcb aurmbi e prlbete` hey nl irlet`y nlbljmfme` jcr tglh. Esd tglh tc `ml cb tgl `ljt smal, wmtg tgl `ljt `li stremigt eba tgl rmigt `li up eba nlbt cvlr pm``cws. Blxt, gevl tglh rc`` es jer jcrwera es pcssmn`l, sfcctmbi tglmr gmps nefd (mt wm`` jll` `mdl tgly erl cb tglmr nl``y). [m``cws erl irlet jcr eaambi suppcrt tc tgl nl``y
[eil | >6
[eil | >1
eba `lis. Vchl hchs hey je`` es`llp (wgmfg ms jmbl) nut mt ms lbfcureila tc nl mb tgms pcsmtmcb jcr ebctglr 6; hmbutls. Mj tgms fmrfumt ms rlpletla eiemb mb tgl sehl aey, try t gl rmigt-smal blxt tmhl. Vtlp 6? Ilt Hcvmbi Qgl jmbe` stlp ms tc ILQ HCZMBI! Ygltglr `ubimbi, we`dmbi up eba acwb ycur stemrs smalweys (sdmppmbi twc et e tmhl), furn we`dmbi, smttmbi cb ycur ne`` hcvmbi ycur gmps, cr oust icmbi jcr e icca we`d, splba 6; hmbutls acmbi tgms tc gl`p ycur neny ilt mb tgl rmigt spct.
Bctl? Qgl dly wmtg tgl `ubil ms tget tgl tcls cj tgl gmiglr `li eba hch”s nl``y nuttcb sgcu`a nl et rmigt ebi`ls. Ac bct `ubil cvlr ycur dbll, tget f`csls tgl pl`vms (Hm`ls, >;;7).
U \MFD \MFD ^LZMLY Ygy ms mt mhpcrtebt tc splba lxtr e tmhl wmtg ycur ZNEF f`mlbts f `mlbts NLJC^L tglmr nmrtg3
Gcw feb ycu gl`p e ZNEF f`mlbt prlperl hlbte``y jcr nmrtg3
Ygy ms mt mhpcrtebt jcr ]C\ tc hl bte``y prlperl3
Yget erl schl fcpmbi tcc`s ycu f eb usl es e acu`e tc gl`p ycu prcflss tgrcuig e rcuig al`mvlry3
Yget ehcubt cj aem`y lxlrfmsl ms rlfchhlbala ny EFCI jcr prlibebt wchlb3
[eil | ><
M wes steymbi mb e fehplr wmtg hy twc ycubi fgm`arlb eba hy perlbts. Yl w lrl tgrll-eba-e-ge`j gcurs jrch gchl sc tget M fcu`a gevl e ZNEF‑ ZNEF‑hy gusneba, Aey`l, wes stm`` gchl. M gea prcarche` `encr jcr heby wllds, nut tgl hcrbmbi cj V lptlhnlr 5<, M wcdl up et 6?6; e.h. eba dblw tget tgms wes tgl aey M wes icmbi tc gevl hy neny. M slbt hy gusneba eba hy acu`e e tlxt sc w glb tgly wcdl up, tgly wcu`a dbcw wget wes icmbi cb. Qurbs cut, tgly w lrl nctg ewedl. Hy gusneba wes up f`lebmbi (M tgmbd gl wes blstmbi jcr hl, gege). M tc`a gmh tget gl sgcu`a p`eb tc fchl tget aey. M wes gevmbi e `mtt`l spcttmbi eba vlry hm`a fcbtreftmcbs fcbsmstlbt`y et tget pcmbt. M ict up, ict e sbefd, eba hy hch wcdl up. Yl oust fgettla encut gcw M wes jll`mbi eba M trmla tc ic nefd tc s`llp. M gea ilstetmcbe` amenltls, sc M gea hy BVQ tget aey eba eb CN eppcmbthlbt ejtlrweras. M wlbt mb jcr hy BVQ eba mt tccd `cbilr tgeb bcrhe`. M wes gevmbi fcbtreftmcbs lvlry jmvl hmbutls et tget pcmbt, nut tgly stm`` jl`t hm`a. M tc`a tgl bursl tget tcaey wes tgl aey eba M jl`t `mdl M wes mb ler`y `encr. Vgl tc`a hl tglrl wes bc wey M wes mb ler`y `encr nlfeusl M wes geba`mbi tgl fcbtreftmcbs tcc wl ``. Yglb M wes jmbe``y cdeyla tc `levl jrch tgl BVQ, hy hch eba M wlbt tc `ubfg. M webtla tc dllp hy lblriy up sc M wcu`a nl strcbi jcr `encr `etlr. Qglb wl wlbt tc hy eppcmbthlbt. M jmrst sew hy hmawmjl, eba sgl fglfdla hl. M wes =;% ljjefla, nut stm`` nerl`y 5fh am`etla. Vgl sema sgl wes scrry, nut tcaey wesb”t icmbi tc nl tgl aey. Vgl sema sgl wes surl mt wcu`a gepplb schltmhl mb tgl blxt wlld, wlld, tgcuig. M wes frusgla eba jl`t fchp`ltl`y aljletla. M gea nllb sc surl eba mt rle``y tccd hl acwb. M tglb jl`t gcrrmn`l tget M gea tc`a Aey`l tc glea cur wey (gl errmvla wgm`l M w es et hy eppcmbthlbt). M sew hy CN blxt eba gl sema wl fcu`a mbaufl `etlr mb tgl wlld mj M amab”t ic cb hy cwb. M `ljt tgl eppcmbthlbt eba oust frmla. Hy pccr gusneba dlpt trymbi tc rlessurl hl tget mt wes cdey tget gl gea armvlb cut. Gl e`sc webtla tc te`d encut wgy M wes sc upslt, nut M oust fcu`ab”t. M webtla tc stey st ey fchpcsla eba strcbi mb jrcbt cj cur f gm`arlb eba M dblw mj M te`dla encut mt, M wcu`a oust dllp frymbi. Hlebwgm`l aurmbi e`` tgms, M dlpt gevmbi hm`a fcbtreftmcbs lvlry jmvl hmbutls. M acb”t rlhlhnlr tgl tmhl, nut mt wes e wgm`l ejtlr wl gea nllb nefd et tgl fehplr. M wes sfc`ambi hy aeuigtlr jcr bct `levmbi hy perlbts” aci e`cbl wglb gl wlbt mbtc gms fr etl4 sgl oust wcu`ab”t `mstlb. Vc, M rlefgla acwb eba pu``la glr up ny glr erhs cjj tgl j`ccr. Ygl b M `mjtla glr, M jl`t e she`` iusg. M ict hy aea”s ettlbtmcb eba esdla gmh tc put glr mb tmhlcut sc M fcu`a ic tc tgl netgrcch tc sll mj hy wetlr gea nrcdlb. M wlbt tc tgl netgrcch eba M fcu`ab”t tl`` mj hy wetlr gea nrcdl b cr mj M”a oust plla hysl`j e `mtt`l. Hy wetlr gea nrcdlb wmtg hy jmrst neny, nut tglrl wes hlfcbmuh mb mt sc mt wes prltty lesy tc tl``. Qgms wes f`ler eba wmtg tgl spcttmbi, mt wes mhpcssmn`l tc alfmpglr. M tlxtla hy acu`e (Hleieb Gletcb) tc sll mj M
[eil | >:
fcu`a stey gchl jcr e wgm`l lvlb mj hy wetlr gea nrcdlb. Yl nctg eir lla tget es `cbi es M fcu`a jll` neny hcvmbi eba M amab”t gevl e jlvlr, M fcu`a stey. M tglb ict mbtc tgl sgcwlr tc try eba rl`ex jcr e hmbutl. Hy fcbtreftmcbs wlrl prcirlssmvl`y ilttmbi strcbilr eba f`cslr tciltglr. Yglb M ict cut cj tgl sgcwlr, M trmla `ymbi acwb jcr e nmt sc M fcu`a smt up eba sll mj M jl`t jl `t ebctglr iusg, es M stm`` wesb”t surl mj hy wetlr gea nrcdlb. M fcu`a bct ilt fchjcrten`l et e`` et tgms pcmbt. M wes usmbi hy pgcbl eba e `encr epp tc tmhl hy fcbtreftmcbs. M wcu`a plrmcamfe``y slba hy acu`e e sfrllbsgct cj tglh tc dllp glr mb tgl `ccp. M lbala up smttmbi cb hy lxlrfmsl l xlrfmsl ne`` nlfeusl tget wes tgl c b`y p`efl M jcuba rlhctl`y fchjcrten`l. Et tgms pcmbt M wes gevmbi tc vcfe`mzl (M fgcsl tc usl e `cw hceb) tgrcuig fcbtreftmcbs. M wcu`a `leb mbtc hy gusneba eba gl wcu`a run hy nefd tgrcuig lefg c bl. Et tgms pcmbt, hy acu`e fe``la hl eba steyla cb tgl pgcbl wmtg hl tgrcuig twc fc btreftmcbs tc sll gcw M wes acmbi. M wes gevmbi e `ct cj ium`t encut wglb tc esd glr tc fchl, nlfeusl M stm`` jl`t vlry blietmvl nlmbi tc`a tget tcaey wesb”t tgl aey ny e`` hy gle`tgferl prcvmalrs. M amab”t webt tc tedl glr tmhl ewey jrch glr jehm`y mj tgms wesb”t mt. Encut <-5; < -5; hmbutls ejtlr wl te`dla, sgl tlxtla hl eba esdla mj sgl fcu`a fchl. Vgl jl`t `mdl mt wes tmhl. M sema yls, p`lesl. M wes sc tgebdju` sgl tccd tgl mbmtmetmvl sc M amab”t gevl tc jll` ium`ty jcr esdmbi glr tc fchl. Vgl errmvla et tgl plrjlft tmhl. Hy fcbtreftmcbs wlrl ilttmbi stleam`y strcbilr eba f`cslr tciltglr. Es sccb es sgl we`dla mb, sgl stertmbi epp`ymbi fcubtlr prlssurl tc hy gmps wgm`l M set cb tgl lxlrfmsl ne``. Mt gl`pla sc hufg! Et tgms pcmbt, Hleieb, Aey`l, eba hy hch wlrl trymbi tc ilt hl tc ic tc tgl gcspmte`. M amab”t webt tc nlfeusl M amab”t webt tc nl slbt gchl (stm`` jll`mbi aljletla). M wes jmbe``y wm``mbi tc et `lest hcvl cutsmal cj tgl fehplr. Qgly wlrl wcr rmla M wes gc`ambi nefd jcr tgl dmas” sedl, eba cbfl cutsmal, wl e`` alfmala wl sgcu`a sgcu`a glea tc tgl gcspmte` eba et `lest ilt hl fglfdla. Hleieb rcal mb tgl nefd wmtg hl eba epp`mla fcubtlr prlssurl. M fcbflbtretla cb rl`exmbi lvlrywglrl eba usmbi `cw hcebmbi tgrcuig lefg fcbtreftmcb. Yl ict tc tgl gcspmte` eba Hleieb eba M s`cw`y heal cur wey upstemrs tc fglfd mb. M gea tc stcp jcr lefg fcbtreftmcb. Hy gusneba eba hy hch ocmbla us cbfl t gly wlrl perdla. Qgmbis ict vlry nusy cbfl wl ict fglfdla mb. Qgly fglfdla hl eba M tgmbd M wes am`etla tc encut e jmvl et tget pcmbt eba tgly fcbjmrhla hy wetlr gea nrcdlb. Qgly hcvla hl tc e rcch tc `encr mb. E acftcr fehl mb tc te`d tc hl h l encut tgl rmsds cj gevmbi e ZNEF eba tc smib e fcbslbt. Hleieb fcbtmbula epp`ymbi fcubtlr prlssurl jcr lefg fcbtreftmcb. M rlhlhnlr jll`mbi `mdl M wes urmbetmbi jcr lefg fcbtreftmcb eba mt jl`t sc wlmra. M e`sc jl`t tgl s`migt uril tc pusg e fcup`l tmhls wgm`l smttmbi cb t gl ne``. M oust wlbt wmtg wgetlvlr hy ncay wes tl``mbi hl tc ac.
[eil | >9
Et schl pcmbt, M wes acbl. M amab”t webt tc ac tgms ebyhcrl. M tc`a tglh e`` e`` tget. Hleieb eba hy gusneba esdla mj tgly fcu`a fglfd hl jmrst eba tglb wl fcu`a hedl schl alfmsmcbs ejtlr t get. M eirlla. Qgly ict hl mbtc nla eba tgl bursl fglfdla hl. M wes =fh = fh am`etla. M dblw mt wes tcc `etl et tget pcmbt eba tget M wcu`a gevl tc ilt tgrcuig mt. Hleieb suiilstla usmbi e plebut ne`` eba sc wl ama. Hy hch steyla et hy glea, gl`a hy gebas, eba te`dla hl tgrcuig mt. Hleieb eba Aey`l gl`pla hl wmtg hy `lis eba trmla tc epp`y fcubtlr prlssurl et tgl sehl tmhl. Vgcrt`y ejtlr tgms, t gms, M pusgla. Qgl bursl bctmfla eba esdla mj M pusgla. M fcu`ab”t ebswlr . Vgl mhhlametl`y fe``la jcr gl`p. Vgl fglfdla hl eiemb eba sema M wes fchp`ltl`y am`etla eba fcu`a pusg wglb M jl`t `mdl mt. Qgl blxt fcbtreftmcb, M jl`t e vlry strcbi uril tc pusg, eba pusg M ama. Mt jl`t sc icca‑ icca‑sc hufg nlttlr tgeb tgl fcbtreftmcbs f cbtreftmcbs gea nllb jll`mbi. Ygm`l M wes pusgmbi, M veiul`y r lfe`` e `ct cj plcp`l fchmbi mb tgl rcch. M qumfd`y ict tgl neny”s glea, eba tgl blxt pusg tgl neny wes cut. Qgly put tgl neny mb hy erhs. Yglb tgly tccd tgl neny ewey tc fglfd tgl n`cca suier, M esdla mj tgl neny wes e ncy cr imr`. M gea tgcuigt heynl M”a sll b e plbms, nut wesb”t surl. Lvlrycbl `euigla eba sema mt wes e ncy. Epperlbt`y Aey`l gea sema mt wes e ncy, nut M blvlr glera gmh. Qgms wes cbl cj tgl nlst lxplrmlbfls l xplrmlbfls cj hy `mjl. M jl`t sc strcbi ejtlr tgms. @mdl M fcu`a fcbqulr tc wcr`a. M e`sc jl`t rle``y icca encut hy ncay. M wes ehezla wmtg wget mt gea oust effchp`msgla. Hy nmrtg tleh wes mbfrlamn`l eba M dbcw M fcu`a gevl blvlr acbl mt wmtgcut tglh.
[eil | >7
MMM. ZNEF MBJC^HEQMCB EBA VQEQMVQMFV E Nrmlj Gmstcry cj ZNEF
M
t ms fchhcb tc jll` `mdl bcncay ferls wgy tgl Flserleb ret l ms sc gmig eba wcbalr wgy ettmtuals tcweras ZNEF gevl fgebila sc hufg cvlr tmhl. Ymtg dbcw`lail fchls pcwlr, sc wl webt tc imvl ycu e nrmlj gmstcry cj ZNEF mb tgl \bmtla Vtetls jcr e nlttlr ubalrstebambi cj wgy tgl ilblre`
ettmtual ms tgl wey mt ms rmigt bcw.
Cbfl e Flserleb, E`weys e Flserleb3 Mb 5=5:, Ar. Lawmb N. Freimb wrctl eb ertmf`l fe``la ‐Fcbslrvetmsh mb Cnstltrmfs‘, w glrl tgl pgresl ‐cbfl e Flserleb, e`weys e Flserleb‘ Flserleb‘ crmimbetls (Freimb, crmimbetls (Freimb, 5=5:). Mt fchls jrch tgl jmbe` pereirepg, wglrl gl lhpgesmzls tget cbl cj tgl rmsds cj eb mbmtme` F-slftmcb ms tget e rlplet F-slftmcb HMIGQ nl nl rlqumrla. ]cu feb sll gcw tgms pgresl ms aljmbmtl`y nlmbi hmsquctla. Mbtlrlstmbi`y lbcuig, Freimb e`sc pcmbtla cut tget tglrl erl heby lxflptmcbs tc tgms prlsuhptmcb eba tget lvlb cbl cj gms cwb petmlbts gea icbl cb tc gevl tgrll veimbe` nmrtgs w mtgcut amjjmfu`ty ejtlr eb mbmtme` Flserleb nmrtg. Qgl rlescb jcr tgms ilblr e`mzetmcb wes, nlfeusl up ubtm` tgl `cw trebsvlrsl utlr mbl mbfmsmcb wes fgehpmcbla mb tgl 5=>;s, tgl rupturl rmsds jrch e vlrtmfe` mbfmsmcb wlrl irletlr eba lvlb hcrl slvlrl. Mbmtme` Flserlebs wlrl wl rl e`sc plrjcrhla smibmjmfebt`y `lss eba cb`y usla mb tru`y `mjltgrletlbmbi smtuetmcbs, ejtlr e`` ctglr cptmcbs gea nllb lxgeustla. Aurmbi tgl ler`y 5=;;s, acftcrs rle`mzla tget tgl fgcmfl jcr e Flserleb gea e irlet mhpeft cb e wcheb”s lbtmrl fgm`anlermbi `mjl eba gea hcrl `mjl-`cbi fcbslqulbfls. Jcr tglsl rlescbs, tgl Flserleb retl jcr tgl \bmtla stetls wes mb tgl 5%<% rebil e`` tgl wey w ey up ubtm` tgl 5=9;s.
Qgl ^msl cj Flserleb ^etls Cvlr tmhl, tgl tlfgbmquls tlf gbmquls eba tlfgbc`ciy lvc`vla, hedmbi Flserlebs e `ct sejlr eba l vlb lesmlr tc plrjcrh. Ebtmnmctmfs nlfehl hcrl rleam`y evem`en`l, n`cca trebsjusmcbs nlfehl lesmlr, eblstglsme mhprcvla smibmjmfebt`y, eba tgl surimfe` prcflaurl mtsl`j lvc`vla jrch e ‐f`essmfe`‘ (vlrtmfe` mbfmsmcb) tlfgbmqul tc e ‐`cw‐`cw-trebsvlrsl‘ (smal-tc-smal (smal-tc-smal mbfmsmcb) tlfgbmqul. Qgl `cw-trebsvlrsl mbfmsmcb irlet`y rlaufls tgl rmsd cj rupturl eba fchls wmtg tgl rlauftmcb cj ctglr fchp`mfetmcbs es wl``.
[eil | >=
]ler
5=9;
5=95
5=9>
5=96
5=91
5=9<
5=9:
5=99
5=97
5=9=
Flserleb ^etls
<.<%
<.7%
9.;%
7.;%
=.>%
5;.1%
5>.5%
56.9%
5<.>%
5<.9%
ZNEF ^etls
>.>%
]ler
5=7;
5=75
5=7>
5=76
5=71
5=7<
5=7:
5=79
5=77
5=7=
5:.<%
59.=%
5=.6%
>;.6%
>5.5%
>>.9%
>1.5%
>1.1%
>1.9%
>>.7%
:.:%
7.<%
=.7%
5>.:%
57.=%
Flserleb ^etls ZNEF ^etls
6.>%
]ler
5==;
5==5
5==>
5==6
5==1
5==<
5==:
5==9
5==7
5===
Flserleb ^etls
>6.<%
>>.:%
>>.6%
>5.7%
>5.>%
>;.7%
>;.:%
>;.7%
>5.>%
>>.;%
ZNEF ^etls
5=.=%
>5.6%
>>.:%
>1.6%
>:.6%
>9.<%
>7.6%
>9.1%
>:.6%
>6.1%
>;;;
>;;5
>;;>
>;;6
>;;1
>;;<
>;;:
>;;9
>;;7
>;;=
Flserleb ^etls
>>.=%
>1.1%
>:.5%
>9.<%
>=.5%
6;.6%
65.5%
65.7%
6>.6%
6>.=%
ZNEF ^etls
>;.9%
5:.1%
5>.:%
5;.:%
5;.1%
5;.5%
7.<%
7.6%
7.1%
7.1%
>;5;
>;55
>;5>
>;56
>;51
>;5<
>;5:
>;59
6>.9%
6>.7%
6>.7%
6>.9%
6>.>%
6>.;%
65.=%
6>.;%
=.6%
=.9%
5;.>%
5;.:%
55.6%
55.=%
5>.1%
5>.7%
]ler
]ler Flserleb ^etls ZNEF ^etls
[eil | 6;
Qglsl rlescbs fchnmbla feusla tgl Flserleb retls tc ouhp jrch <% mb 5=9; tc >1.9% mb 5=77 (Vl`he, Qejjl`, [eu`, & Qlrm, 5=79). Qgms wes e G\IL ouhp mb e rl`etmvl`y sgcrt plrmca cj t mhl. Qgms ouhp wes mbfrlamn`y e`erhmbi tc gle`tgferl prcjlssmcbe`s, eba ljjcrts wlrl heal tc rlaufl tgl retl, `leambi tc e s`migt arcp ejtlr 5=77, nut blvlr arcppmbi nl`cw >;% eiemb. Ymtg tgl mbfrlesmbi lesl eba fcbvlbmlbfl cj Flserlebs fehl tgl `css cj dbcw`lail cb gcw tc ilt e pccr`y-pcsmtmcbla neny cut veimbe``y. Qgmbis `mdl hebue` rlpcsmtmcbmbi cj t gl neny, vefuuh lxtreftmcb, eba jcrflps al`mvlry wglb rlescben`l nlfehl e`` nut jcricttlb4 heby gcspmte`s eba acftcrs wlrl bct nlmbi teuigt gcw tc prcplr`y ac tglsl tgmbis ebyhcrl. Heby gcspmte` ferl ferl prcvmalrs amab”t lvlb dbcw gcw tc tl`` wget pcsmtmcb e neny wes mb nljcrl nmrtg nlieb wmtgcut usmbi u`trescuba tlfgbc`ciy. Qglsl rlescbs feusla Flserleb al`mvlry tc nl tgl ic-tc fgcmfl jcr nmrtgs allhla ‐hcrl rmsdy‘ lmtglr `lie``y cr hlamfe``y, eba hcrl eba hcrl eba hcrl nrllfg eba nenmls susplftla tc nl ‐nmi‘ wlrl eutchetmfe``y slbt tc e F-slftmcb lvlb tgcuig ctglr cptmcbs stm`` lxmstla. Blw tlfgbc`ciy `mdl Fcbtmbucus Jlte` Hcbmtcrmbi (FJH) eba blw mbauftmcb hltgcas feusla tgl Flserleb retls tc sdyrcfdlt wmtgcut mhprcvmbi jlte` cutfchls (Vl`he, Qejjl`, [eu`, & Qlrm, 5=79 ). Mbauftmcb e``cws prcvmalrs tc sfglau`l tglmr nmrtgs, hedmbi tgmbis fcbvlbmlbt jcr tglmr preftmfl nut et tgl fcst cj gmiglr nm``s jcr jehm`mls eba hcrl BMF\ steys jcr nenmls. Vchl sew tgms arestmf rmsl mb Flserleb retls es gmig`y fcbtrcvlrsme` eba heby pun`mf gle`tg cjjmfme`s strcbi`y cppcsla tgl rmsmbi retls eba eftmvl`y `ccdla jcr sc`utmcbs, w gm`l ctglrs sew gcw fcbvlbmlbt Flserlebs wlrl es e wey cut cj hcrl amjjmfu`t al`mvlrmls eba tgl mbfrl esmbi rmsds cj he`preftmfl sumts. Vc, tgl alnetl jcr wget ms tgl ‐hcst cptmhe`‘ retl reils cb eba fcbtmbuls tcaey.
ZNEF Nlfchls Hcrl Fchhcb [un`mf gle`tg cjjmfme`s sew ZNEF es e wey tc dllp tgl Flserleb retls jrch turbmbi mbtc e pun`mf gle`tg frmsms. Ymtg tgl sejlr hltgcas cj Flserleb al`mvlry, fehl tgl rlauftmcb mb r msd jcr utlrmbl rupturl eba ctglr fchp`mfetmcbs mb sunslqulbt al`mvlrmls, hedmbi wchlb qulstmcb tgl blla jcr ‐c bfl e Flserleb, e`weys e Flserleb.‘ Flserleb.‘ ZNEF nlfehl e sejl sejl eba rlescben`l cptmcb, e`tgcuig tglrl wlrl stm`` f erl prcvmalrs wgc cnolftla eba heby wchlb gea tc jmigt jcr tglmr rmigt jcr ZN EF.
[eil | 65
‐Cut cj tgms struii`l, e iress -rccts wchlb”s gle`tg hcvlhlbt nlieb, pusgmbi jcr hcrl
fgcmfls mb fgm`anmrtg. Ychlb `mdl Bebfy Yemblr Fcglb, Lstglr _crb, eba @cms Lstblr pusgla tc hedl ZNEF e fgcmfl jcr e`` wchlb, wgm`l ctglr pmcbllrs `mdl Vuzebbl Erhs, [lbby Vmhdmb, ^cnnml Aevms-J`cya, Vglm`e Dmtzmbilr, eba heby ctglrs pusgla jcr rljcrh cj cutaetla fgm`anmrtg preftmfls `mdl ubmvlrse` lpmsmctchy, punmf gemr sgevmbi, hebaetcry aruiimbi cj tgl hctglr, prc`cbila slperetmcb cj hctglr eba neny, prchctmcb cj jcrhu`e jllambi cvlr nrlestjllambi, nrlestjllamb i, ltf.‘ (Zmrlaey, >;;=).
Mb 5=7>, tgl Mbtlrbetmcbe` Flserleb Ewerlblss Bltwcrd (MFEB) wes jcubala eba wchlb gea e hcrl strufturla vcmfl alhebambi tglmr rmigts jcr fgm`anmrtg. E`` cj tglsl tgmbis heal eb mhpeft, eba ny tgl 5==;s, ZNEF wes eb cptmcb mb hcst \bmtla Vtetls gcspmte`s.
ZNEF Vterts tc Fgebil ZNEF rlefgla mts pled mb 5==:, e`nlmt vlry feutmcus`y hebeila ny prcvmalrs aul tc tgl pctlbtme` cj utlrmbl rupturl. Qgly wlrl gera`y lvl r mbaufla, [mtcfmb wes rerl`y usla, eba wglb mt wes, mt wes usla mbfrlamn`y fcbslrvetmvl`y. Nut, es mbauftmcb nlfehl e bcrhe` cptmcb jcr wchlb wmtgcut prmcr Flserleb nmrtgs mb tgl 5==;s, sc wes mt jcr ZNEF wchlb es wl``. Qgl mbauftmcb arui Fytctlf (hmscprcstc`) wes mbtrcaufla eba mt tccd slvlre` ylers nljcrl ebycbl rle`mzla tget tgl arui smibmjmfebt`y mbfrlesla mbfrlesla utlrmbl rupturl rmsd r msd mb ZNEF wchlb. ^cutmbl`y mbaufmbi ZNEFs mbfrlesls tgl rmsd jcr rupturl, alplbambi cb tgl hltgca usla, eba rcutmbl mbauftmcb jcr ZNEF wchlb usmbi Fytctlf/Hmscprcstc` `lea tc tgl nlimbbmbi cj e ZNEF frmsms.
ZNEF`esg Nlimbs Nlfeusl ZNEF gea nllb sc hmshebeila, h mshebeila, tglrl wes e hcvlhlbt stertmbi mb t gl 5==;s eiembst ZNEF. Mbsurebfl fchpebmls sew ZNEF es e wey tc fut fcsts (veimbe` nmrtg ms fgleplr tgeb Flserleb), sc mb schl p`efls, ZNEF nlfehl rlqumrla eba schl wchlb wlrl bct lvlb imvlb e fgcmfl. Bct e`` wchlb webtla tc ZNEF eba bct e`` wchlb wlrl icca febamaetls jcr mt, sc tglrl wes e `ct cj nefd`esg surrcubambi wchlb wgc wlrl trletla pccr`y, bct imvlb epprcprmetl trlethlbt wglb sgcwmbi smibs cj rupturl, eba mbaufla wmtg aebilrcus hltgcas tget gea e vlry gmig rupturl retl. Qgms rlsu`tla mb `cst nenmls, gurt nenmls, `css cj utlrm, cr ctglr slvlrl fchp`mfetmcbs. Qglsl hmstrletla jehm`mls wlrl rmigtju``y upslt eba wl`` wmtgmb tglmr rmigts tc sul.
[eil | 6>
Qgms cnvmcus`y rlsu`tla mb hcrl `ewsumts surrcubambi ZNEF amrlftla eiembst gcspmte`s eba schl prcvmalrs. ^etglr tgeb n`ehmbi cvlrusl cj mbauftmcb, hebaetcry ZNEF alspmtl fcbtrembamfetmcbs, cr hmshebeilhlbt cj `encr, ZNEF wes n`ehla ny nlmbi allhl a es ubsejl, alspmtl tgl cppcsmtl nlmbi trul (hcrl cb tget mb tgl blxt slftmcb).
Flserleb ^etls ^msl Eiemb Vc, e`hcst cvlrbmigt, ZNEF wes allhla tc nl tcc aebilrcus eba acftcrs” plrflptmcb cj ZNEF sgmjtla. Vchl acftcrs lvlb stcppla ettlbambi ZNEFs et e``, rlsu`tmbi mb e G\IL rlauftmcb mb tgl cvlr e`` ZNEF retl jcr tgl \bmtla Vtetls. =;% cj wchlb wgc gevl gea e Flserleb wm`` gevl e Flserleb jcr lvlry juturl prlibebfy (Ehlrmfeb [rlibebfy Esscfmetmcb, >;5<). Ygm`l wl erl bct qumtl nefd tc tgl ‐cbfl e Flserleb, e`weys e Flserleb‘ Flserleb‘ hlbte`mty, wl erl tcc f`csl jcr fchjcrt. Qgl ebtm-ZNEF hlbte`mty, tgl mbfrlesla fcst cj nlbljmts jcr prcvmalrs eba gcspmte`s, eba tgl fcbvlbmlbfl cj Flserlebs, ges frletla e F-slftmcb lpmalhmf mb cur fcubtry. Vchl prcvmalrs eba gcspmte`s mb tgms fcubtry gevl e :;%+ F-slftmcb retl. Mbtc tgl >;5;s, hcrl tgeb cbl cut cj tgrll wchlb mb tgms fcubtry wm`` gevl e F-slftmcb (Hertmb, Gehm`tcb, Cstlrheb, Armsfc``, & Aredl, >;57).
Ychlb cj Fc`cr ]cu hmigt nl surprmsla tc dbcw tget wl, es Feufesmeb acu`es jrch prlachmbebt`y Feufesmeb \teg, gevl lbfcubtlrla refmsh amrlftla tcweras cur `encrmbi f`mlbts. Mb eaamtmcb tc tget, es wl dllp amiimbi mbtc ZNEF eba tgl mssuls surrcubambi mt, tgl hcrl wl `lerb encut tgl ubmqul fge``lbils tget jefl Ychlb cj Fc`cr.
5. Qgl ZNEF Fe`fu`etcr ms Nmesla Eiembst ^efl Qgl ZNEF Fe`fu`etcr ms e fc``lft mcb cj aete jrch 9,:;; wchlb wgc gea e QC@EF (EFCI, >;59). Mt fe`fu`etls eby wcheb”s fgebfl wcheb”s fgebfl cj sufflss eiembst tget aete. Qglrl erl slvlre` slvlr e` aete pcmbts usla jcr tgl fe`fu`etmcb mbf`uambi hetlrbe` eil, NHM, rlescb jcr pest F-slftmcb, mj tglrl ges lvlr nllb e veimbe` al`mvlry nljcrl eba/cr ejtlr tgl F-slftmcb, eba refl. ]lp, ^efl. Nlmbi Nl mbi Ejrmfeb-Ehlrmfeb cr Gmspebmf alfrlesls ycur fgebfls e @CQ. Ic eglea eba p`ey ercuba wmtg mt et nmt.`y/vneffe`f. Lbtlr ycur mbjcrhetmcb eba tglb fglfd eba ubfglfd tgl ncxls esdmbi
[eil | 66
encut refl eba rljrlsg tc ilt eb upaetla fe`fu`etmcb. Yglb M put hy mbjcrhetmcb mb eba eaoust cb`y tgl refl cptmcbs, mt arcps hy prlamftla f gebfls ny 5=%, eba M gevl e`rleay gea tgrll ZNEFs. Qgl ubjcrtubetl tgmbi ms tget e `ct cj prcvmalrs wm`` bct suppcrt ZNEF mj schlcbl”s prlamftla sufflss retl ms `lss tgeb 9;%. Qget prltty prl tty hufg ru`ls cut hcst Ychlb cj c j Fc`cr jcr ZNEF (rle``y, ycu BLLA tc p`ey ercuba wmtg tgl ZNEF fe`fu`etcr). Qgl icca t gmbi ms, EFCI stetls tget e prlamftla prl amftla sufflss retl cj `lss tgeb 9;% ms bct e fcbtrembamfetmcb jcr QC@EF. Ou`ml”s vlry jmrst ZNEF f`mlbt, w gc oust gepplbla gepplbla tc nl Gmspebmf, gea e prlamftla sufflss retl cj oust 1%, yls JC\^. Vgl pusgla glr neny c ut mb >; hmbutls. Qedl tget, ZNEF fe`fu`etcr!
>. Ychlb cj Fc`cr erl Vmibmjmfebt`y Hcrl @mdl`y tc Gevl e Flserleb Nmrtg eba Lvlb Aml Aurmbi Fgm`anmrtg ^efmsh aurmbi fgm`anmrtg ms bct `mhmtla tc oust ZNEF. Ychlb c j Fc`cr erl twmfl es `mdl`y tc gevl Flserleb nmrtgs eba erl 6-1 tmhls hcrl `mdl`y tc aml aurmbi fgm`anmrtg ([lrry, >;5:). Qglsl buhnlrs gc`a trul alspmtl laufetmcb `lvl`, mbfchl `lvl`, cr scfmclfcbchmf stetus. Qgms. Ms. Bct. Cdey. Ou`ml gea e f`mlbt ler`y tgms yler wgcsl jmrst `ebiueil wes Vpebmsg. Vgl wes ncrb mb Hlxmfc, es w es glr gusneba. Qgly nctg ubalrstcca eba spcdl Lbi`msg vlry wl``. Yglb tgly ict tc tgl gcspmte`, tgl bursl, e wgmtl wcheb, hma tc `etl <;s, wcu`a cb`y spled tc glr mb e s`cw eba `cua tcbl esdmbi qulstmcbs jc``cwla ny, ‐Ac ycu dbcw wget tget hlebs3‘. Gcwlvlr, hlebs3‘. Gcwlvlr, tget wes hufg nlttlr tgeb wglb sgl stertla usmbi nrcdlb Vpebmsg tc try tc te`d tc tgl nmrtgmbi nmrtgmbi fcup`l sc tget Ou`ml fcu`ab”t ubalrsteba wget sgl wes tl``mbi tglh. Vea`y, tgms wes cbl cj glr hcst laufetla eba mbtumtmvl f`mlbts. Vgl wes ouaila mhhlametl`y ny tgl fc`cr cj glr sdmb eba glr efflbt, effl bt, eba, es tgl nmrtg wlbt cb eba schl ublxplftla tgmbis gepplbla, e`` tgl @&A eba lvlb pcstpertuh stejj wlrl vlry vcfe` cb n`ehmbi tgms hctglr jcr ‐lbaebilrmbi glr neny‘ eba jcr ‐`mstlbmbi tc glr acu`es hlamfe` eavmfl‘ wglb glr acu`e blvlr cbfl cjjlrla ebytgmbi rlslhn`mbi hlamfe` eavmfl. Essuhptmcbs wlrl heal. Mbfrlamn`y mbfcrrlft essuhptmcbs tccd e glevy tc`` cb tgms hctglr”s glert--e`` glert--e`` aul tc glr refl.
6. Ychlb cj Fc`cr Erl Vmibmjmfebt`y @lss @mdl`y tc Gevl e Vufflssju` ZNEF Mb eb ebe`ysms cj cvlr 5;;,;;; nmrtgs, tgms stuay sgcws tget wgmtl, bcb-Gmspebmf wchlb erl e`hcst 5;% hcrl `mdl`y tc gevl e sufflssju` ZNEF tgeb n`efd, bcb-Gmspebmf wchlb (Gc``eba, lt e`., >;;:). Eiemb, tglsl cutfchls erl alspmtl laufetmcb `lvl`, mbfchl `lvl`, cr scfmclfcbchmf stetus. Vea`y, tglsl
[eil | 61
buhnlrs erl smhm`er ehcbi vermcus stuamls eba tmhl jrehls jcr t gl `est >; ylers. Ychlb cj Fc`cr mb tgl Vcutglrb perts cj tgl \bmtla Vtetl s gevl tgl gmiglst fgebfls cj Fl serleb nmrtg eba `cwlst fgebfls cj ZNEF wgm`l wchlb mb tgl Bcrtglest sll `lss cj e refme` amspermty.
Jcur Hemb ^lescbs jcr Mbmtme` Flserleb eba Yget tc Dbcw Qglrl erl jcur fchhcb rlescbs tget wchlb gevl mbmtme` flserlebs. Oust nlfeusl tgly erl fchhcb, acls bct hleb tgly erl e`weys ubblflssery, nut schltmhls tgly erl. Qglrl erl e`sc heby ctglr rlescbs tget e wcheb hey blla e F-slftmcb tget erl bct mbf`uala glrl. Qgl nlst wey jcr ycu tc altlrhmbl wget ycur F-slftmcb wes jcr ms tc fcbteft tgl hlamfe` rlfcras rlf cras cjjmfl et tgl gcspmte` wglrl ycu nmrtgla eba hedl e rlqulst. Mt ms bct ubfchhcb jcr tgl rlescb bctla mb yc ur cplretmvl rlpcrt tc nl amjjlrlbt tgeb wget ycu wlrl tc`a. Dbcwmbi wget ms mb ycur cplretmvl rlpcrt feb gl`p ycu nlttlr prlperl ycursl`j wmtg tgl mbjcrhetmcb `mstla glrl?
Jem`url tc [rcirlss Gmstcrmfe``y, lvmalbfl ges sgcwb tget heby ferl prcvmalrs ac bct imvl wchlb tgl fgebfl tc prcirlss mb tgl jmrst steil cj `encr (am`etla tc 5;fh) cr lbcuig tmhl tc pusg tgl neny cut wglb tgly ac ilt tglrl. Mb >;55, EFCI eba VHJH (tgl Vcfmlty V cfmlty jcr Hetlrbe`-Jlte` Hlamfmbl) put cut eb upaetla aljmbmtmcb cb tmhl `mhmts jcr tgl jmrst eba slfcba steils (tgl pusgmbi steil) cj `encr. Qgl blw iumal`mbl seys tget e wcheb ms bct fcbsmalrla tc nl mb eftmvl `encr ubtm` smx flbtmhltlrs eba febbct nl tlrhla es ‐jem`url tc prcirlss‘ ubtm` sgl ms et `lest smx flbtmhltlrs am`etla, glr wetlrs gevl rupturla, eba bc f lrvmfe` fgebil ges nllb heal mb smx gcurs cj `encr (EFCI, VHJH, >;51). Jcr tgl slfcba steil cj `encr, tglrl ms bc tmhl `mhmt jcr pusgmbi tgl neny cut eba pusgmbi feb fcbtmbul jcr up tc tgrll tc t c jcur gcurs es `cbi es hch eba neny erl sten`l. Heby wchlb flrtemb`y gea tglmr prmhery Flserlebs nlfeusl tglmr ferl prcvmalr ama bct imvl tglh lbcuig tmhl tc `encr cr pusg (EFCI, VHJH, >;51). @encr prcirlss ms bct oust encut flr vmfe` am`etmcb lmtglr. @encr prcirlssls tgrcuig tglsl smx steils? ◃
Qgl flrvmx hcvls jrch pcstlrmcr tc ebtlrmcr pcsmtmcb
◃
Qgl flrvmx rmplbs eba scjtlbs
◃
Qgl flrvmx ljjefls
◃
Qgl flrvmx am`etls
[eil | 6<
◃
Qgl neny”s glea rctetls, j`lxls, eba hc`as
◃
Qgl neny alsflbas, rctetls jurtglr, eba ms ncr b
E hctglr”s lhctmcbe` stetl eba enm`mty tc fcpl wmtg pgysmfe` amsfchjcrts e`sc p`eys mbtc tgl ncay”s enm`mty tc `encr ljjlftmvl`y.
Jlte` Glert [rcn`lhs Mb e gcspmte` slttmbi, fcbtmbucus jlte` hcbmtcrmbi ms usue``y e rlqumrlhlbt jcr ZNEF wchlb, eba mb encut 9;% cj rupturl fesls, LJH LJ H ges pmfdla up eb enbcrhe` glert retl pettlrb tget feb suiilst slperetmcb cj tgl sfer (EFCI, >;59). Gcwlvlr, mt ms e`sc bcrhe` jcr tgl glert retl tc j`uftuetl cutsmal cj bcrhe` rleambis. E glert retl arcppmbi slvlre` tmhls cr cbl tget arcps eba aclsb”t rlfcvlr hey nl rlsc`vla rl sc`vla ny smhp`y fgebimbi pcsmtmcbs tc eaoust neny”s pcsmtmcb mb rl`etmcb tc tgl fcra.
He`prlslbtetmcb (Neny mb Yrcbi [csmtmcb cr Nrllfg) Qglrl erl heby tgmbis tget feb nl acbl tc lbsurl neny ms mb e icca pcsmtmcb prmcr tc `encr stertmbi eba tc ilt neny mb e icca pcsmtmcb aurmbi `encr. Qgmbis `mdl ilttmbi cb ycur gebas eba dblls, squettmbi, bct `encrmbi cb ycur nefd, eba nlmbi hcnm`l gl`p smibmjmfebt`y. ]cur acu`e sgcu`a gevl e rlnczc tget feb wcrd heimf cb e neny”s pcsmtmcb. Mb >;57, EFCI rl`lesla Fchhmttll Cpmbmcb 91< cb nrl lfg prlslbtetmcb eba mt stetls? ‐Qglrl ms e trlba mb tgl \bmtla Vtetls tc plrjcrh Flserleb al`mvlry jcr tlrh smbi`ltcb jltusls
mb e nrllfg prlslbtetmcb. Qgl buhnlr cj preftmtmcblrs wmtg tgl sdm``s eba lxplrmlbfl tc plrjcrh veimbe` nrllfg al`mvlry ges alfrlesla. Qgl alfmsmcb rlierambi tgl hcal cj al`mvlry sgcu`a fcbsmalr petmlbt wmsgls eba tgl lxplrmlbfl cj tgl gle`tgferl prcvmalr. Cnstltrmfmebiyblfc`cimsts eba ctglr cnstltrmf ferl prcvmalrs sgcu`a cjjlr lxtlrbe` flpge`mf vlrsmcb es eb e`tlrbetmvl tc p`ebbla Flserleb jcr e wcheb wgc ges e tlrh smbi`ltcb nrllfg jltus, alsmrls e p`ebbla veimbe` al`mvlry cj e vlrtlx-prlslbtmbi jltus, eba ges bc fcbtrembamfetmcbs. Lxtlrbe` flpge`mf vlrsmcb sgcu`a nl ettlhptla cb`y mb slttmbis mb wgmfg Flserleb al`mvlry slrvmfls erl
[eil | 6:
rleam`y evem`en`l. [`ebbla veimbe` al`mvlry cj e tlrh smbi`ltcb nrllfg jltus hey nl rlescben`l ubalr gcspmte`-splfmjmf prctcfc` iumal`mbls jcr l`mimnm`mty eba `encr hebeilhlbt. Mj e veimbe` nrllfg al`mvlry ms p`ebbla, e altem`la mbjcrhla fcbslbt sgcu`a nl acfuhlbtla ‑mbf`uambi rmsds tget plrmbete` cr blcbete` hcrte`mty cr sgcrt-tlrh slrmcus blcbete` hcrnmamty hey nl gmiglr tgeb mj e Flserleb al`mvlry ms p`ebbla.‘ (EFCI, >;57)
Hefrcschme (Nmi Neny) cr F[A (Vhe`` [l`vms) E ‗nmi neny” ms aljmbla es e neny wgc ms hcrl tgeb = `ns., 5< cz. Hefrcschme, `mtlre``y hlebmbi ‐nmi ncay‘‘, ms wglb e neny ms ncrb wlmigmbi 55 pcubas cr hcrl. 5:% cj mbamfetmcbs eba =% cj F-slftmcbs erl ncay aul tc susplftla nmi nenmls, wglb mb rle`mty, cb`y 5.9% cj nenmls erl ncrb nmiilr tgeb = `ns., 5< cz. Effcrambi tc tgl >;5; Betmcbe` Zmte` Vtetmstmfs, tgl evlreil wlmigt cj susplftla nmi nenmls wes 9 `ns., 56 cz (Alf`lri, Fglbi, & Vede`e, >;57). Nut acb” acb”t tedl cur wcra jcr mt. Yl @CZL tgl ertmf`l Ar. A r. Hezuhaer, HA (>;5:) wrctl aljmbmbi lvlrytgmbi mb `eyheb”s tlrhs eba spl``mbi cut tgl trutg encut she`` pl`vmsls eba nmi nenls. nenls. Gl stetls? ‐Ameibcsms cj F[A ms vlry amjjmfu`t. Qgms m s nlfeusl mt ms amjjmfu`t tc lstmhetl lxeft` y gcw hufg
tgl hctglr”s `miehlbts eba ocmbts wm`` ‗imvl” cr rl`ex nljcrl `encr sterts. Qgl jlte` glea e`sc ges e irlet fepefmty tc hcu`a - tgl sdu`` ncbls feb cvlr`ep tc schl lxtlbt eba alfrlesl tgl amehltlr cj tgl glea. Vc, e neny wgc epplers tc nl tcc nmi tc pess tgrcuig mts hctglr ”s nmrtg pesseil nljcrl `encr, hey ac sc wmtgcut hufg prcn`lh wglb eftmvl utlrmbl f cbtreftmcbs stert. E ‗trme` cj `encur” sgcu`a e`weys nl imvlb tc e`` wchlb wmtg evlreil -smzla pl`vms eba eb
evlreil-smzla jltus lvlb mj tgl pl`vm s epplers epperlbt`y tcc she`` jcr tgl neny.‘ Yglb e prcvmalr tl``s e wcheb tget glr pl`vms ms tcc she``, gl ms rljlrrmbi tc F[A, wgmfg stebas jcr Flpge`cpl`vmf Amsprcpcrtmcb. Eftue` F[A ms eftue``y mbfrlamn`y rerl eba vlry gera tc ameibcsl4 mt ms vlry amsfcureimbi jcr wchlb, eba hcrl cjtlb tgeb bct, `leas tc e wcheb gevmbi rlplet F-slftmcbs jcr glr sunslqulbt prlibebfmls. Qgl pl`vms ms en`l tc hc`a aurmbi `encr eba, wglb `encrmbi cb p csmtmcbs ctglr tgeb ycur nefd, feb lxpeba ny up tc 6;%. Mj ycur f`mlbt ges LZL^ nllb tc`a glr pl`vms ms tcc she`` tc nmrtg e neny, cr tget sgl hedls nenmls tcc nmi jcr veimbe` nmrtg, sgl BLLAV tc rlea tgms ertmf`l iybelcb`mbl.fch/fpa.gth eba gevl eb laufetla
[eil | 69
fcbvlrsetmcb wmtg glr prcvmalr. Qgl lxflptmcb tc tgms wcu`a nl mj ycur f`mlbt ges amenltls, t ypl M cr MM cr, c r, ilstetmcbe` amenltls. Mj lmtglr cj tglsl epp`y, wl rlfchhlba gevmbi ycur f`mlbt te`d wmtg t glmr prcvmalr tc jmba e nmrtg p`eb fcbaufmvl wmtg glr splfmjmf fmrfuhstebfls.
Qgmbis ycu feb ac mj ycur f`mlbt ges gea e ameibcsms cj F[A Yl dbcw tget F[A ms gera tc eftue``y ameibcsl4 gcwlvlr, wchlb erl tc`a tget tglmr pl`vmsls erl tcc she`` e`` tgl tmhl. Yl gevl glera mt rlpletla`y. Lbfcureil ycur f`mlbt tc ilt glr C[Q rlpcrts jrch glr prlvmcus Flserleb slftmcb(s) tc sll wget ms w rmttlb mb tglrl. Vchl wchlb erl bct tc`a tget tgly gevl F[A eba tgl prcvmalr stetls tgly gevl F[A mb tgl C[ rlpcrt. F[A cr bct, gcw ac wl gl`p cur f`mlbts wglb tgly erl gevmbi e neny tget ms bct lbieimbi wl``, hlebmbi tget tgl stetmcb cj tgl neny ms stm`` -6 cr ->3 Glrl erl schl tlfgbmquls ycu feb sgerl wmtg t glh? •
Enachmbe` `mjt
•
Vmt cb nmrtgmbi ne`` eba ac repma gmp fmrf`ls
•
Amp tgl gmp
•
Ye`fglrs, cplbmbi tgl nrmh
•
Cplb tgl dblls
•
Qgl Hm`ls Fmrfumt
\`tmhetl`y, jmbambi cut wget pcsmtmcb tgl neny ms mb hey gl`p ycu dbcw wget stlps t c suiilst. Imvmbi tmhl tc rlst eba alsflba hey e`sc e``cw jcr tgl neny tc rctetl eba lbieil cb mts cwb wmtgcut tgl hch gevmbi tc usl e`` cj glr lblriy l blriy pusgmbi. Jcr hcrl mbjcrhetmcb, fglfd cut tgms wlnsmtl?
gttps?//spmbbmbinenmls.fch/stert/mb-`enc gttps?//spmbbmbin enmls.fch/stert/mb-`encr/lbieimbi-nenyr/lbieimbi-neny-mb-`encr/ mb-`encr/ Lbfcureimbi ycur f`mlbts tc ilt tglmr Flserleb cplretmvl rlpcrt(s) ny fcbteftmbi tgl rlfcras cjjmfl et tgl gcspmte` tgly al`mvlrla et wm`` gl`p tglh ubalrsteba wget t gl eftue` ameibcsms jcr tglmr Flserleb wes. Mt ms bct ubfchhcb jcr tgl rlescb cb tgl C[ rlpcrt tc nl amjjlrlbt tgeb wget tgly wlrl tc`a et tgl tmhl. Yl gevl mbf`uala e wcrdsgllt c b tgl blxt peil jcr ycu tc gl`p ycur f`mlbts alfmpglr wget ms mb tglmr rlpcrt.
[eil | 67
[eil | 6=
\tlrmbl ^upturl \p tc 7;% cj wchlb wgc ettlhpt e ZNEF wm`` nl sufflssju`, eba ZNEF ms ilblre``y esscfmetla wmtg jlwlr fchp`mfetmcbs tgeb e rlplet F lserleb. Qgl nmiilst rmsd eba tgl hcst mbj`ulbfmbi jeftcr jcr ZNEF ms utlrmbl rupturl. E utlrmbl rupturl ms aljmbla es e tler tgrcuig e`` tgrll `eylrs cj tgl utlrmbl `mbmbi. Gcwlvlr, utlrmbl rupturl feb lvlb cffur mb wchlb wmtgcut e prmcr Flserleb, e`nlmt bct es `mdl`y (;.;9%), cr cbl mb 5,51: prlibebfmls (Beguh, >;57). Yglb e utlrmbl r upturl gepplbs, mt ms frmtmfe` tget tgl neny ms ncrb mhhlametl`y, typmfe``y ny e rlplet Flserleb.
\tlrmbl ^upturl vs. \tlrmbl Ymbacw eba Algmsflbfl \tlrmbl rupturl ms rerl, e`tgcuig mt acls gepplb4 utlrmbl algmsflbfl ms cjtlb hmstedlb eba f`essmjmla es e utlrmbl rupturl. \tlrmbl rupturl ms wglb tgl utlrmbl sfer fchp`ltl`y cplbs e`cbi tgl sfer icmbi tgrcuig lvlry smbi`l `eylr cj tgl tmssul. E algmsflbfl ms wglb e vlry she`` ehcubt cj tgl sfer nlimbs tc slperetl nut aclsb”t aclsb”t qumtl qumtl hedl mt tgl lbtmrl amstebfl. E utlrmbl wmbacw w mbacw ms wglb tgl sfer ms sc tgmb t gmb tget ycu feb sll tgrcuig mt nut mt acls bct tler cr cplb. Ejtlr e Flserleb, cur ncamls gle` eba frletl sfer tmssul. Qget sfer tmssul ms bct es strltfgy strlt fgy es cur crmimbe` tmssul, nut mt stm`` ges tgl enm`mty tc strltfg.
\tlrmbl Ymbacw Es e neny ircws, tgl utlrus strltfgls eba feb nlfchl tgmb. Mb cralr tc dbcw mj tglrl ms e utlrmbl wmbacw, e Flserleb wcu`a blla tc nl plrjcrhla cr eb u`trescuba hey sgcw tgl tgmbbmbi. E prcvmalr wcu`a nl en`l tc tl`` aurmbi tgl Flserleb nlfeusl cj gcw tgmb mt wcu`a `ccd. Lvmalbfl ges bct sgcwb tgus jer mj e utlrmbl wmbacw ms eb mbamfetmcb tget e rupturl wcu`a nl hcrl `mdl`y cr bct. E `ct cj perlbts perl bts wm`` `mdl`y ic cb eba ZNEF wmtgcut dbcwmbi mj tglmr utlrmbl `mbmbi lvlr wes tgmb.
\tlrmbl Algmsflbfl Qglrl erl tgrll `eylrs tc tgl utlrus. Mj tgl utlrmbl sfer cplbs pertme``y, strltfgmbi tgl sfer tmssul eba cplbmbi tgl ncttch `eylr, tgms wcu`a nl f `essmjmla es e utlrmbl algmsflbfl. \tlrmbl algmsflbfl ms cjtlb gerh`lss eba aclsb”t gevl eby gerhju` ljjlfts cb t gl neny cr tgl hctglr.
[eil | 1;
E 5;-yler Febeameb stuay wes acbl cb ju`` utlrmbl rupturl vs. utlrmbl algmsflbfl. Cvlr tgl 5; ylers, tglrl wlrl 551,=66 al`mvlrmls wmtg 6= fesls cj utlrmbl rupturl? 57 fchp`ltl eba >5 mbfchp`ltl, cr algmsflbfl (Dmlslr & Nesdltt, >;;> ). \tlrmbl algmsflbfl ama bct gevl eby jl te` aletgs. \tlrmbl rupturl ms e sfery tcpmf jcr prcvmalrs. Mt feb cjtlb nl gera jcr wchl b tc nl en`l tc jmba e suppcrtmvl prcvmalr jcr ZNEF aul tc tgms jler.
Gcw tc Altlrhmbl \tlrmbl Algmsflbfl Es wmtg tgl utlrmbl wmbacw, e rlplet Flserleb wcu`a blla tc nl plrjcrhla mb cralr tc fcbjmrh utlrmbl algmsflbfl. Gmstcrmfe``y, prcvmalrs wcu`a lxp`crl tgl utlrus hcrl aurmbi e Flserleb tc sll mj tglrl wlrl eby ctglr tlers, nut furrlbt`y f urrlbt`y tget preftmfl ms bct `mdl`y tc gepplb. Qedmbi tgl hctglr” hctglr”s pu`sl retl ferlju``y eba fcbsmstlbt`y aurmbi `encr hey nl tgl cb`y smib t get utlrmbl algmsflbfl ms gepplbmbi cr ges gepplbla. Yglb tgl sfer tmssul sterts tc slperetl, j`uma feb lbtlr tgl ncay fevmty eba `led mbtc tgl hlhnrebl tget slperetls tgl criebs cr iebs jrch tgl fevmty we``. Yglb tgms gepplbs, tgl ncay rlefts wmtg sgcfd eba tgl hctglr” hctglr”s glert retl hey mbfrlesl arehetmfe``y. Mb tgl sehl 5;-yler stuay, mb =>% cj fesls, utlrmbl rupturl wes esscfmetla wmtg prlvmcus Flserleb al`mvlry (Dmlslr & Nesdltt, >;;>). \t lrmbl algmsflbfl wes esscfmetla wmtg hmbmhe` hetlrbe` eba plrmbete` hcrnmamty.
@lbitg cj Qmhl Nltwllb [rlibebfmls Yl gler jrch e `ct cj plcp`l wgc webt tc dbcw wglb tgly feb ilt prlibebt eiemb ejtlr tglmr F-slftmcb mb cralr tc gevl e ZNEF. Qglrl erl p`lbty cj rlfchhlbala `lbitgs cj tmhl cut tglrl, eba mt sllhs tget lvlry acftcr ges tglmr cwb rlfchhlbaetmcb rlf chhlbaetmcb jcr wglb tgly wm`` cr wm`` bct ‐e``cw e``cw‘‘ ZNEF, nesla cb gcw jer epert tgl F-slftmcb eba blxt prlibebfy erl. Nut wget acls lvmalbfl sey3 Mb e stuay mbvlstmietmbi wgltglr cr bct sgcrt- cr `cbi-tlrh prlibebfy mbtlrve`s mbfrlesla cr alfrlesla fgebfls cj utlrmbl rupturl, mt sgcws tget eby `lbitg cj tmhl smx hc btgs cr `cbilr nltwllb prlibebfmls ges bc mhpeft cb mbfrlesla rmsd jcr utlrmbl rupturl. Mb ctglr wcras, mj mt ms smx hcbtgs cr hcrl jrch tgl tmhl cj tgl F-slftmcb tc fcbflptmcb, tglrl ms bc mbfrlesla rmsd cj rupturl. Vmx hcbtgs nltwllb prlibebfmls ms 5< hcbtgs nltwllb nmrtgs. Ymtg prlibebfmls `lss tgeb smx hcbtgs epert, tgl rmsd cj rupturl acun`ls cr trmp`ls tc rcuig`y >.>% (Vt ehm`mc, lt e`., >;;9)4 gcwlvlr, tgms acls bct eutchetmfe``y lxf`ual schlcbl jrch ZNEF. Mt oust hlebs tget tgl rmsd ms gmiglr, eba, mj tget ms eb efflpten`l rmsd jcr ycur f`mlbt, ycu feb lbfcureil glr tc `ccd jcr e prcvmalr wgc ms fchjcrten`l wmtg t get rmsd es wl``.
[eil | 15
[uttmbi \tlrmbl ^upturl mbtc [lrsplftmvl Vtetmstmfe``y, utlrmbl rupturl gepplbs mb ;.1% cj QC@EF (Hctchure, >;59 ). Qget lque`s cbl mb >1;. Bcw, es wm`` e`` tgmbis, prcnenm`mty sgcu`a nl fcbsmalrla eba esslssla. Yglb utlrmbl rupturl acls gepplb, hcst cj tgl tmhl mt ms qumfd`y altlftla eba e prcvmalr ms en`l tc ilt tgl neny cut qumfd`y (usue``y ny rlplet Flserleb) nljcrl eby `cbi-tlrh aeheil gepplbs tc tgl hch eba/cr neny. Mb jeft , cb`y :% cj utlrmbl rupturls erl fchp`ltl cr fetestrcpgmf. ‐Qgl cvlre`` rmsd cj plrmbete` aletg aul tc utlrmbl rupturl wes :.> plrflbt. Qgl twc stuamls cj
wchlb al`mvlrmbi et tlrh tget rlpcrtla plrmbete` aletg r etls rlpcrt tget T`lss tgebX >.7 plrflbt cj e`` utlrmbl rupturls rlsu`tla mb e plrmbete` aletg.‘ (Iumsl, lt e`., >;5;)
Qc put mt amjjlrlbt`y, cj tgl wchl b wgc gea e utlrmbl rupturl, cbl mb 5: rlsu`tla mb mbjebt aletg. Yglb `ccdmbi et tgl cvlre`` fgebfls cj mbjebt aletg w glb ettlhptmbi e ZNEF, tgl Betmcbe` Mbstmtutl cj Gle`tg (BMG) rlpcrts tgl caas es ;.56%, wgmfg l bas up nlmbi cbl mbjebt aletg mb lvlry 9:= QC@EFs. Jcr fchpermscb, tgl evlreil blcbete` hcrte`mty retl jcr tgl \.V. mb >;51 wes <.7 plr 5,;;; nmrtgs (Demslr Jehm`y Jcubaetmcb, >;59). >;59). Qget”s cbl mb epprcxmhetl`y 59>. Oust jcr jub, eba nlfeusl Ou`ml ms e stetmstmfs illd, `lt”s tedl e `ccd et schl tgmbis hcrl `mdl`y eba e `mtt`l nmt `lss `mdl`y tc gepplb tgeb e utlr mbl rupturl? •
Cbl mb 5:; - Fgebfl cj gevmbi e glert ettefd lefg yler (FAF, BFGV, >;5<).
•
Cbl mb >5: - Fgebfls tgl t gl plrscb ycu erl aetmbi ms e hm``mcbemrl (Nelr, >;;6).
•
Cbl mb 1 - Fgebfls cj ycur aletg nlmbi aul tc glert amslesl (FAF, BFGV, >;5<).
•
Cbl lvlry 57 ylers - Gcw jrlqulbt`y ycu wm`` nl mb e fer effmalbt ([rcplrty Fesue`ty Mbsurlrs Esscfmetmcb cj Ehlrmfe, >;57).
•
Cbl mb 6; - Caas cj fcbflmvmbi twmbs (Hertmb, Gehm`tcb, Cstlrheb, Armsfc``, & Aredl, >;57).
•
Cbl mb 6;; - Qgl rmsd cj c j fcra prc`epsl (@crl, >;57).
•
Cbl mb 5:; - Caas cj nlmbi euamtla ny tgl M^V (Gletg, >;57). >;57 ).
•
Cbl mb 5== - Caas cj je``mbi tc ycur aletg (HfFertgy, >;57).
•
Cbl mb 51 - Caas cj gevmbi ycur malbtmty stc`lb mj ycu erl 5: ylers cr c`alr (Hetdc, >;56).
•
Cbl mb 5;; - Caas cj aymbi jrch eb c nlsmty-rl`etla fcbamtmcbs (E``mscb, Jcbtembl, Hebscb, & Vtlvlbs, 5===).
•
Cbl mb 67 - Fgebfl cj alvl`cpmbi hl`ebche (Ehlrmfeb Febflr Vcfmlty, >;57).
[eil | 1>
^laufmbi tgl ^msd cj ^upturl Qglrl erl e `ct cj c j tgmbis tget feb nl acbl tc h mbmhmzl tgl fgebfls cj utlrmbl rupturl aurmbi QC@EF. Mt ms mhpcrtebt jcr tgl hctglr tc amsfuss tglsl tgmbis wmtg glr prcvmalr eba gevl e sc`ma p`eb rleay mj eby mbtlrvlbtmcbs erl blflssery. ◃
Vtey ewey jrch mbauftmcb ub`lss ensc`utl`y blflssery.
◃
Evcma euihlbtetmcb cj `encr (schltgmbi tc stmhu`etl fcbtreftmcbs, usue``y [mtcfmb).
◃
Evcma lxflssmvl [mtcfmb eba uppmbi tgl acsl tcc jest.
◃
Evcma Fytctlf (hmscprcstc`) FCH[@LQL@].
◃
Evcma prcvmalrs wgc eiirlssmvl`y mbtlrvlbl wmtg eba hebeil `encr.
◃
Lbfcureil glr tc stey hcnm`l. Ye`d, fgebil pcsmtmcb eba pcsturl wglb mb eftmvl `encr.
◃
Mb ler`y `encr eba mj `encr ste``s, lbfcureil glr tc rlst cr s`llp.
◃
Ac LZL^]QGMBI ycu feb tc hedl surl tgl neny ms mb tgl hcst cptmhe` pcsmtmcb NLJC^L `encr nlimbs.
◃
MJ neny ms bct mb e irlet pcsmtmcb eba `encr ste``s cr tglrl erl smibs cj `encr? try spmbbmbi nenmls, HM@LV fmrfumt, enachmbe` `mjtmbi, smal `ymbi, cr ilt glr cb gebas eba dblls tc try eba gl`p neny sltt`l mbtc e nlttlr pcsmtmcb.
◃
Evcma rupturmbi hlhnrebls mj neny ms bct mb cptmhe` pcsmtmcb.
◃
Evcma eb lpmaure` mj pcssmn`l.
◃
Nl ettlbtmvl eba ewerl cj wget ms icmbi cb mb tgl nmrtg spefl E@@ QGL QMHL.
◃
Nl ewerl cj typmfe` `encr pettlrbs. Eby st e``s mb `encr erl usue``y mbamfetmvl tget schltgmbi bllas tc fgebil (lhctmcbe` prcflssmbi, neny pcsmtmcb, rlst/s`llp, eba lvlb [mtcfmb mb schl mbstebfls). Jmiurl cut wget bllas tc fgebil eba jmx mt mj ycu feb. E `cbi ste`` f chnmbla wmtg gmig acsls cj [mtcfmb ms e prmhl sflbermc jcr utlrmbl rupturl.
◃
GCBC^ ]C\^ F@MLBQ”V MBQ\MQMCB. Mj sgl jll`s tget schltgmbi ms bct qumtl rmigt cr mj neny”s hcvlhlbt ms smibmjmfebt`y alfrlesla, mbsmst tget tgl prcvmalr cr tglmr stejj pey ettlbtmcb. Mb heby mbstebfls, utlrmbl rupturl cffurs wglb e hctglr dbcws schltgmbi ms wrcbi mbtumtmvl`y nljcrl prcvmalrs pey sujjmfmlbt ettlbtmcb.
ZNEF vs. ^lplet Flserleb Qgl hcst fcbtrcvlrsme` rmsd jcr ZNEF ms pctlbtme` utlrmbl rupturl (wgmfg wl amsfussla mb tgl prlvmcus slftmcb), nut ubjcrtubetl`y, heby prcvmalrs ac bct ic mbtc altem` cb tgl rmsds cj rlplet Flserleb.
[eil | 16
^msds jcr Neny Nenmls ncrb ny sfglau`la Flserleb erl h crl `mdl`y tc nl ncrb prl-tlrh, wmtg nrletgmbi prcn`lhs, gevl jlte` mboury (5.< nenmls plr 5;; wm`` nl fut aurmbi tgl surilry), eba/cr bll a eahmssmcb tc tgl BMF\. Aul tc slperetmcb mhhlametl`y ejtlr nmrtg eba al`ey cj sdmb-tc-sdmb fcbteft, hetlr be` ettefghlbt hey nl al`eyla eba nrlestjllambi mssuls feb ermsl (Oudl`lvmfs & Ym`j, >;;=). Hcrl eba hcrl stuamls erl sgcwmbi tget, wgm`l pessmbi tgrcuig tgl nmrtg febe`, nenmls rlflmvl hmfrccriebmshs jrch tglmr hctglrs tget p`ey e guil rc`l mb alvl`cpmbi tglmr mhhubl systlhs. Qglsl hmfrcnmchls erl lsslbtme` tc cvlre`` gle`tg eba wl``-nlmbi. Qgly e`sc essmst mb tgl prcauftmcb cj vmtehmbs eba ebtm-mbj`ehhetcry sunstebfls. Qglsl sunstebfls p`ey eb mhpcrtebt rc`l mb prctlftmbi eiembst eutcmhhubl amslesls eba ctglr fgrcbmf m``blssls ([rcftcr, >;56).
^msds jcr Hctglr ‐E`tgcuig Flserleb al`mvlry feb nl `mjl-sevmbi jcr tgl jltus, t gl hctglr, cr nctg mb flrtemb fesls, tgl repma mbfrlesl mb tgl retl cj Flserleb nmrtgs wmtgcut lvmalbfl cj fcbfchmtebt alfrlesl s mb hetlrbe` cr blcbete` hcrnmamty cr hcrte`mty remsls smibmjmfebt fcbflrb tget Flserleb al`mvlry ms cvlrusla. Qglrljcrl, mt ms mhpcrtebt jcr gle`tgferl prcvmalrs tc ubalrsteba tgl sgcrt-tlrh eba `cbi-tlrh trealcjjs nltwllb Flserleb eba veimbe` al`mvlry, es wl`` es tgl sejl eba epprcprmetl cppcrtubmtmls tc prlvlbt cvlrusl cj Flserleb al`mvlry, pertmfu`er`y prmhery Flserleb al`mvlry.‘ (EFCI, VHJH, >;51) Hcst cj tgl rmsds cj e rlplet Flserleb jcr tgl hctglr erl tgl rmsds jcr eby dmba cj heocr enachmbe` surilry. Glrl erl tgl rmsds eba stetmstmfs esscfmetla wmtg e slfcba Flserleb? ◃
Mbjlftmcb cj tgl mbfmsmcb, tgl utlrus, n`eaalr, cr ctglr pl`vmf criebs.
◃
Glhcrrgeil. Qglrl ms hcrl n`cca `css wmtg Flserl eb al`mvlry eba fgebfls cj glhcrrgeil4 smx mb 5;; wchlb rlqumrl e n`cca trebsjusmcb.
◃
Mboury tc criebs gepplb tc cbl mb <; wchlb.
◃
Eaglsmcbs (sfer tmssul feusmbi pemb, n`cfdeils, cr juturl prlibebfy fchp`mfetmcbs).
[eil | 11
[eil | 1<
◃
@cbilr gcspmte` steys eba rlfcvlry tmhl.
◃
Gmiglr rmsds cj eaamtmcbe` blflssery surilrmls `mdl gystlrlftchy eba ctglr Flserlebs.
◃
Gmiglr hetlrbe` hcrte`mty retls (Oudl`lvmfs & Ym`j, >;;=).
Yl cjtlb cb`y te`d encut utlrmbl rupturl aurmbi `encr eba wrcbiju``y essuhl ny fgccsmbi l`lftmvl rlplet Flserlebs, wl feb l`mhmbetl eby fgebfl cj utlrmbl rupturl. E`tgcuig jcfus ms usue``y cb utlrmbl rupturl aurmbi `encr, mt ms pcssmn`l jcr utlrmbl rupturls tc cffur nljcrl `encr lvlb nl imbs. Qglsl typls cj utlrmbl rupturl erl usue``y hcrl alvestetmbi eba feb feusl slrmcus gle`tg fchp`mfetmcbs cr wcrsl mb hctglr eba neny. Mt ms BCQ trul tget alfmambi eiembst e ZNEF hlebs tget yc u wcb” wcb”t gevl eby rmsd cj utlrmbl rupturl. Mb jeft, cffesmcbe` c ffesmcbe` stuamls gevl lvlb jcuba e gmiglr retl cj rupturl m b tgl l`lftmvl rlplet Flserleb ircups. Dllp mb hmba t get mt ms tgl [^LZMC\V FLVE^LEB F LVE^LEB tget puts ycu et rmsd jcr utlrmbl rupturl, BCQ ettlhptmbi ZNEF.
Qgl Mbjehcus ZNEF Fe`fu`etcr ]cur f`mlbt” f`mlbt”s ferl prcvmalr hmigt rljlr tc e prlamftla fgebfl cj c j gevmbi e sufflssju` ZNEF. Qgms prlamftmcb ms ettembla usmbi e ZNEF fe`fu`etcr. Qgl fe`fu`etcr usls aete sufg es eil, NHM, ltgbmfmty, gmstcry cj cnlsmty, eba rlescb jcr prmcr F-slft mcb tc spmt cut eb lstmhetmcb cj e wcheb”s fgebfls, nesla sc`l`y cb stetmstmfe` aete. Vchltmhls, cb eahmssmcb tc tgl gcspmte` jcr al`mvlry, eb eaamtmcbe` fe`fu`etcr ms usla tc tedl mbtc fcbsmalretmcb flrvmfe` fgebils eba eby prlibebfy fchp`mfetmcbs. Qgl fe`fu`etcr ms nesla cb aete jrch 9,;;; QC@EFs mb tgl \bmtla Vtetls wmtg cbl Flserleb eba e `cw trebsvlrsl sfer (Betmcbe` Mbstmtutl cj Fgm`a Gle`tg eba Guheb Alvl`cphlbt, Hetlrbe`-Jlte` Hlamfmbl \bmts Bltwcrd , >;;9). Mb e butsgl``, tgl ‐fgebfls‘ arcp jcr eb c`alr hctglr, wmtg e NHM gmiglr tgeb 6;, wmtg eby l tgbmf nefdircuba, eba mj tgl prmcr F-slftmcb wes `enl`la jem`url tc prcirlss cr jem`url tc al sflba. Qgms fe`fu`etcr cnvmcus`y ges mts `mhmtetmcbs eba sgcu`a bct nl tgl sc`l alfmsmcb-hedlr alfmsmcb- hedlr rlierambi e wcheb”s ettlhpt tc ZNEF. E hcrl mhpcrtebt tgmbi tc ac wcu`a nl tc suiilst tc ycur f`mlbt tget sgl gevl eb laufetla fcbvlrsetmcb wmtg glr prcvmalr encut glr hlamfe` gmstcry, pest nmrtg lxplrmlbfl(s), glr mbfmsmcb typl, eba p`ebs jcr glr jehm`y smzl. Cbl cj cur jevcrmtl ZNEF stcrmls ms cbl cj e f`mlbt tget wes imvlb e 1% fgebfl et sufflss ny tgl fe`fu`etcr. Vgl lbala up pusgmbi glr neny cut mb twlbty hmbutls. Furmcus encut tgl buhnlrs3 [`ey ercuba wmtg tgl fe`fu`etcr glrl? nmt.`y/vneffe`f
[eil | 1:
Vplfme` Fmrfuhstebfls Ebtlrmcr [`eflbte eba ZNEF Yglb tgl lii mhp`ebts mbtc tgl utlrus, typmfe``y mt mhp`ebts cb tgl nefd (pcstlrmcr) smal. Yglrlvlr tgl lii mhp`ebts ms wglrl tgl p`eflbte wm`` ircw. Eb ebtlrmcr p`eflbte gepplbs wglb mt mhp`ebts cb tgl jrcbt smal, tgl smal eiembst tgl nl ``y cj tgl hctglr, eba ms e plrjlft`y bcrhe` p`efl jcr tgl p`eflbte tc ircw. Gevmbi eb ebtlrmcr p`eflbte acls bct eutchetmfe``y lxf`ual e plrscb jrch ZNEF, gcwlvlr4 et tgl >;-wlld ebetchy sfeb, tglrl erl e fcup`l tgmbis tgl ferl prcvmalr wm`` `ccd et tc hedl surl mt aclsb” aclsb”t mbtlrjlrl wmtg e veimbe` al`mvlry. Qgl hemb fcbflrb wmtg eb ebtlrmcr p`eflbte ms hedmbi surl mt ges mhp`ebtla jer ewey jrch tgl prlvmcus Flserleb sfer sc tget mt ms bct `mdl`y tc ircw mbtc cr cvlr tgl sfer es mt ircws. Et tgl >;-wlld ircwtg sfeb, e scbcirepglr wm`` hlesurl gcw gmig encvl tgl sfer tgl p`eflbte `mls. Es `cbi es tgl ncttch cj tgl p`eflbte ms hcrl tgeb >fh encvl tgl sfer, mt ms typmfe``y icca tc ic. Mj mt ms `lss tgeb tget, t get, tgl prcvmalr wm`` `mdl`y webt tc ac ebctglr sfeb ercuba 6; -6> wllds ilstetmcb tc hedl surl lvlrytgmbi ms ircwmbi mb eb ubfchp`mfetla wey. Mj tgl p`eflbte ircws mbtc tgl sfer ([`eflbte Effrltl), cr pertme``y cr ju``y fcvlrs tgl flrvmx ([`eflbte [rlvme) eb ler`y, rlplet Flserleb al`mvlry ms typmfe``y blflssery. Icca blws tgcuig? es tgl neny eba nl``y ircw, tgl p`eflbte ircws upweras, sc lvlb wmtg e `cwlr-`ymbi p`eflbte, mt ms `mdl`y t glrl wm`` nl bc mssuls es mt ilts f`cslr tc al`mvlry aey. Mj ycur f`mlbt ges e splfme` sfer EBA eb ebtlrmcr p`eflbte, sgl ms et e gmiglr rmsd jcr p`eflbte fchp`mfetmcbs eba ferlju` fcbsu`t wmtg e splfme`mzla prcvmalr wcu`a nl blflssery, nut sgcu`a bct eutchetmfe``y ru`l cut ZNEF. Eaamtmcbe` jefts encut ebtlrmcr p`eflbtes? •
Qypmfe``y, mt wm`` tedl `cbilr jcr glr tc jll` neny”s neny”s hcvlhlbts, hcvlhlbts, lsplfme``y cb tgl cutsmal es tgl p`eflbte lsslbtme``y sgml`as gms/glr dmfds.
•
Mt wm`` nl geralr tc jmba tgl neny”s glertnlet, hemb`y mb tgl jmrst trmhlstlr.
•
Mt feb mbtlrjlrl wmtg hlamfe` prcf laurls sufg es ehbmcflbtlsms.
•
Eb ebtlrmcr p`eflbte feb feusl ycur f`mlbt tc jll` `encr hcrl mb glr nefd mj mt gesb”t hcvla hcvl a up gmig lbcuig `etl mb tgl prlibebfy, lsplfme``y mj t gl neny ms pcstlrmcr.
[eil | 19
ZNEHF ZNEF ejtlr twc cr hcrl Flserlebs ms cjtlb fcbsmalrla smibmjmfebt`y gmiglr r msd ny ferl prcvmalrs. Glrl ms wget tgl lvmalbfl seys?
Fgebfls cj e sufflssju` ZNE>F erl smhm`er tc tgcsl tg csl cj ZNEF ejtlr oust cbl Flserleb. Cb peil jcur cj EFCI [reftmfl Nu``ltmb 571, twc `eril stuamls erl rljlrlbfla. Qglsl stuamls gea sehp`l smzls `eril lbcuig tc effcubt jcr she`` vermebfls tget hmigt mbj`ulbfl tgl rlsu`ts. Mt ms smibmjmfebt jcr EFCI tc rlfcibmzl stuamls `mdl tgms es frlamn`l. Mb ctglr wcras, tgl jeft tget tgly erl lvlb fmtla tglrl ms wcbalrju`. Qgl rlsu`ts cj tgcsl twc stuamls, rl jlrlbfla mb tgl nu``ltmb, fcbf`uala tget tgl sufflss retls very ny >% cr `lss, alplbambi cb wgmfg stuay ycu `ccd et (EFCI, >;59).
EFCI rlfchhlbas ZNE>F es e sejl cptmcb. Vpledmbi Vpled mbi cj EFCI...smbfl >;5;, tglmr stebfl cb ZNE>F ms tget mt ms ‐...rlescben`l tc fcbsmalr wchlb wmtg twc prlvmcus `cw-trebsvlrsl Flserleb al`mvlrmls tc nl febamaetls jcr QC@EF eba tc fcubsl` tglh nesla cb tgl fchnmbetmcb cj ctglr jeftcrs tget ejjlft tglmr prcnenm`mty prcnenm`mty cj efgmlvmbi e sufflssju` ZNEF‘ (EFCI, ZNEF‘ (EFCI, >;59). Mt ms mhpcrtebt tc bctl ms tget tglrl ms bc hlbtmcb cj e rlqumrlhlbt tc gevl gea e prmcr veimbe` al`mvlry tc nl fcbsmalrla. Mj ycur f`mlbt ms prlpermbi jcr ZNE>F, tgms nu``ltmb ms vlry mhpcrtebt tc gevl mb glr nefd pcfdlt es sgl wcrds wmtg glr prcvmalr tc altlr hmbl nmrtg cptmcbs.
Qgl rmsd cj rupturl jcr ZNEHF ms mbfrlamn`y `cw. Qgl `mhmt cj hcst ZNEHF rlslerfg ms tget e`hcst bc stuamls gevl fcbtrc`s jcr [ mtcfmb/ctglr arui usl, eba tgms hey wl`` nl e smibmjmfebt jeftcr. E`tgcuig tglrl ms stm`` schl alnetl, utlrmbl rupturl retls hey nl schlwget gmiglr mb ZNE>F wglb w glb [mtcfmb cr hu`tmp`l mbauftmcb eilbts erl usla. Bler`y e`` ZNEHF stuamls ebe`yzla eiirlssmvl`y usla [mtcfmb, ltf. jcr <;% cr hcrl cj tglmr pertmfmpebts. Mt ms tglrljcrl mhpcssmn`l tc dbcw wget tgl trul ubalr`ymbi retl cj rupturl mb ZNEHF hey nl. E`tgcuig gera aete ms `efdmbi, mt sllhs `mdl`y tget tgl evlreil ZNEHF rupturl retl cj 5.1% jcuba mb tgl EFCI nu``ltmb fcu`a prcnen`y nl arestmfe``y rlaufla ny mbaufmbi `lss, mbaufmbi cb`y wglb tgl flrvmx ms rmpl, wglb mbauftmcb ms tru`y blflssery, eba usmbi aruis eba mbtlrvlbtmcbs e `ct `lss (eba hufg hcrl ouamfmcus`y wglb tgly erl usla).
[eil | 17
Vplfme` Vfers Hcst Flserlebs erl plrjcrhla usmbi t gl `cw trebsvlrsl mbfmsmcb. Mt ms gcrmzcbte` mb tgl `cwlr pert c j tgl utlrus. Nlfeusl mt futs tgrcuig gcrmzcbte` husf`ls, mt tlbas tc strltfg hcrl. Gcwlvlr, mb schl mbstebfls, ctglr mbfmsmcb typls erl usla. Mb heby fmrf`ls, tgms ms eutchetmfe``y fcbsmalrla e fcbtrembamfetmcb tc ZNEF‑ ZNEF‑nut, mb heby fesls, wchlb ic cb tc gevl sufflssju` ZNEFs lvlb wmtg e splfme` sfer, eba tgl fgebfls jcr rupturl erl cb`y s`migt`y gmiglr tgeb wmtg e `cw trebsvlrsl sfer. Qglrl erl tgrll typls cj sfers allhla ‐splfme` sfers.‘
@cw Zlrtmfe`- E `cw vlrtmfe` mbfmsmcb ms e`sc heal mb t gl `cwlr pert cj tgl utlrus. Qglsl mbfmsmcb typls erl usla wglb tgl neny ms `eril, trebsvlrsl (smalweys), cr jcr p`eflbte prlvme. ]cur pgysmfmeb wm`` prcnen`y webt tc sll e fcpy cj ycur C[ rlpcrt eba sll gcw gmig mbtc tgl utlrus ycur sfer lxtl bas. Mj mt lxtlbas jer lbcuig up, mt hmigt mbfrlesl t gl fgebfls cj rupturl. Mb tgl fesls cj e prlheturl al`mvlry, mt ms `mdl`y tc lxtlba gmiglr. Furrlbt EFCI iumal`mbls, es wl te`d encut mb tgl blxt slftmcb, e``cw jcr QC@EF wmtg e `cw-vlrtmfe` mbfmsmcb.
Mbvlrtla Q eba O? Qglsl sfer typls gepplb wglb e surilcb bllas hcrl rcch tc ilt tgl neny cut ejtlr tgly gevl acbl e `cw trebsvlrsl mbfmsmcb. Vchltmhls tgly gepplb cb effmalbt es wl``. Qglsl sfer typls erl rerl.
[eil | 1=
F`essmfe`? Qgms vlrtmfe` mbfmsmcb ms mb tgl upplr pert cj tgl utlrus eba ms schltmhls usla jcr trebsvlrsl cr nrllfg nenmls, jcr prlheturl nenmls, cr jcr Flserlebs tget blla tc nl acbl repma`y eba/cr mb eb lxtrlhl lhlrilbfy. Qgl upplr pert cj tgl utlrus ms tgmfdlr eba acls hcrl fcbtreftmbi. Yglb f`essmfe` sfers rupturl, tgly tlba tc t c ac sc e `ct jestlr eba wmtg w mtg hcrl aeheil tc tgl utlrus. w get typl cj sfer tgly gevl eba erl bct en`l tc \bdbcwb Mbfmsmcb Qypl? Vchltmhls wchlb erl bct tc`a wget ilt e fcpy cj tglmr C[ rlpcrt. Mb tglsl mbstebfls, dbcwmbi tgl rlescb jcr tgl Flserleb eba, ny `ccdmbi et tgl mbfmsmcb cb tgl sdmb, e prcvmalr feb usue``y altlrhmbl wget typl cj sfer ms `mdl`y. Vchl stuamls gevl nllb acbl tget sgcw bc mbfrlesl cj rupturl retls wglb wchlb wmtg ubdbcwb sfers `encr, `mdl`y nlfeusl hcst cj tglh erl `cw trebsvlrsl sfers. Vtuamls sgcw tget wchlb `encrmbi wmtg splfme` sfers gevl vmr tue``y bc mbfrlesla rmsd cj rupturl (Iclr & Qchebc, >;5>). >;5>). Mb EFCI”s >;59 Nu``ltmb, tgly ac bct rlfchhlba QC@EF jcr tgcsl wmtg f`essmfe` cr Q cr O sfers4 gcwlvlr, `cw vlrtmfe` sfers erl cdey. Qgly ac splfmjmfe``y bctl tget ‐mbamvmaue` fmrfuhstebfls hust nl fcbsmalrla mb e`` fesls‘ (EFCI, fesls‘ (EFCI, >;59). Jmba hcrl mbjcrhetmcb cb tgl wl nsmtl splfme`sfers.cri.
EFCI Nu``ltmb #571 EFCI, cr tgl Ehlrmfeb Ehlrmf eb Fc``lil cj Cnstltrmfs eba Iyblfc`cimsts, wes jcubala mb 5=<5 wmtg tgl sc`l hmssmcb cj mhprcvmbi wchlb”s gle`tg mb tgl \bmtla Vtetls. Mt ms e prcjlssmcbe` hlhnlrsgmp criebmzetmcb wmtg cvlr <7,;;; hlhnlrs es cj >;59. EFCI jl``cws erl preftmfmbi, `mflbsla, eba ncera-flrtmjmla CNI]Bs eba gevl ettembla gmig ltgmfe` eba prcjlssmcbe` stebambi. EFCI ms tgl criebmzetmcb tget slt s tgl rlfchhlbala iumal`mbls jcr hetlrbmty ferl mb tgl \bmtla Vtetls. ]cu feb `lerb hcrl encut EFCI eba mts hmssmcb et www.efci.cri. Glrl ms wget tgly gevl tc sey encut ZNEF mb tglmr >;59 [reftmfl Nu``ltmb 571? ◃
‐Qgl prlpcbalrebfl cj lvmalbfl suiilsts tget hcst wchlb wmtg cbl prlvmcus Flserleb
al`mvlry wmtg e `cw-trebsvlrsl mbfmsmcb erl febamaetls jcr eba sgcu`a nl fcubsl`la encut eba cjjlrla QC@EF.‘ ◃
^lfchhlbaetmcbs jcr eba eiembst ZNEF erl imvlb, nut tglrl ms bc n`ebdlt stetlhlbt aljmbmbi wget ms cr ms bct ‐e``cwla.‘ EFCI e`sc eaas tget mbamvmaue` fmrfuhstebfls sgcu`a nl
fcbsmalrla. Qgms ms mhpcrtebt tc rlhlhnlr eba amsfuss wmtg ycur prcvmalr nlfeusl ZNEF que`mjmfetmcb ms bct e fglfd`mst nut retglr e amsfussmcb mbf`uambi heby vermen`ls. Qgl prcvmalr fcbsu`ts, tgl HCQGL^ alfmals.
[eil | <;
◃
‐…Qgl ne`ebfl cj rmsds eba nlbljmts epprcprmetl jcr cbl petmlbt hmigt bct nl efflpten`l jcr QC@EF ms e prljlrlbfl-slbsm ebctglr…Qgl alfmsmcb tc ettlhpt QC@EF prljlrlbfl-slbsmtmvl tmvl alfmsmcb, l`mfmtmbi petmlbt ve`uls eba prljlrlbfls ms e dly l`lhlbt cj fcubsl`mbi.‘ Yl gevl cjtlb glera prcvmalrs hedl
rlfchhlbaetmcbs cr lvlb pc`mfmls f`emhmbi wget QGL] cr tglmr wmvls wcu`a ac, nut tgl u`tmhetl alfmsmcb sgcu`a sgcu`a nl tgl petmlbt”s. ◃
EFCI fcubsl`s cb jehm`y smzl wglb tgly stetl tget hedmbi ‐alfmsmcbs rlierambi QC@EF sgcu`a fcbsmalr tgl pcssmnm`mty cj juturl prlibebfy.‘ Qgly amsfuss tgl rmsds wmtg rlplet Flserleb
e`hcst rmigt cjj tgl net. ◃
Yglb rljlrlbfmbi tgl ZNEF fe`fu`etcr, ‐TEX prlamftla sufflss retl cj `lss tgeb 9;% ms bct e fcbtrembamfetmcb tc QC@EF.‘ Mt e`sc jcfusls cb gcw pcpu`etmcb-nesla stetmstmfs febbct
effuretl`y prlamft e plrscb”s plrscbe` fgebfls cj ZNEF sufflss. Mt ms m``-eavmsla tc usl stetmstmfs es e prmhery mbamfetcr wglb hedmbi ZNEF alfmsmcbs. ◃
Qgmbis tget erl BCQ fcbtrembamfetmcbs tc ZNEF mbf`ual susplftla nmi neny, icmbi nlycba 1;
wllds, sgcrt mbtlrve`s nltwllb prlibebfmls, gevmbi e f`essmfe` cr ubdbcwb sfer typl, lxplftmbi twmbs, cr gevmbi e gmig NHM . Qglsl tgmbis ac bct eutchetmfe``y lxf`ual wchlb jrch QC@EF. ◃
‐Evem`en`l aete fcbjmrhs tget QC@EF hey nl sejl`y ettlhptla mb nctg ubmvlrsmty eba fchhubmty gcspmte`s eba mb jefm`mtmls wmtg cr wmtgcut rlsmalbfy prcirehs‘4 ‐Qrme` cj `encr ejtlr prlvmcus
Flserleb al`mvlry sgcu`a nl ettlhptla et jefm`mtmls fepen`l cj plrjcrhmbi lhlrilbfy al`mvlrmbi…wchlb ettlhptmbi QC@EF sgcu`a nl ferla jcr mb e `lvl` M flbtlr (cbl tget feb
prcvmal nesmf ferl) cr gmiglr. @lvl` M jefm`mtmls hust gevl tgl enm`mty tc nlimb lhlrilbfy Flserleb al`mvlry wmtgmb e tmhl mbtlrve` tget nlst fcbsmalrs hetlrbe` eba jlte` rmsds eba nlbljmts wmtg tgl prcvmsmcb cj lhlrilbfy ferl.‘ Qgms rljlr lbfls rure` gcspmte`s eba eby ctglr ZNEF nebs. E`sc, tgly stetla tget gevmbi eb eblstglsmc`cimst ‐mhhlametl`y evem`en`l‘ ms male`, male` , nut bct e rlqumrlhlbt jcr QC@EF. ◃
‐^lsplft jcr petmlbt eutcbchy e`sc amftetls tget lvlb mj e flbtlr acls bct cjjlr QC@EF, sufg e
pc`mfy febbct nl usla tc jcrfl wchlb tc gevl e Flserleb al`mvlry cr tc alby ferl tc wchlb mb `encr wgc alf`mbl tc gevl e rlplet Flserleb al`mvlry.‘ Qgl ju`` tgl ju`` nu``ltmb feb nl jcuba mb tgl hetlrme`s effchpebymbi tgms hebue`. Qgms ms irlet tc nrmbi wmtg ycu tc ycur prlbete` eppcmbthlbts tc amsfuss lvmalbfl-nesla ZNEF rl fchhlbaetmcbs.
[eil | <5
Fcbtrembamfetmcbs jcr ZNEF Vchltmhls e ZNEF ms bct eb cptmcb aul tc hlamfe` rlescbs. Yl amsfuss rlfchhlbaetmcbs ny EFCI mb tgl blxt slftmcb, wgmfg stetls tget mb hcst fmrfuhstebfls, tgl u`tmhetl alfmsmcb jcr ZNEF sgcu`a nl heal ny tgl nmrtgmbi wcheb. Gcwlvlr, tglrl erl schl vlry splfmjmf tgmbis tget hedl e veimbe` nmrtg vlry amjjmfu`t cr mhpcssmn`l. Qgl jc``cwmbi erl tgl fcbtrembamfetmcbs `mstla ny EFCI? ◃
[rlvmcus f`essmfe` cr ‐Q‘ mbfmsmcb
◃
[rlvmcus utlrmbl rupturl
◃
Lxflssmbi trebs jubae` utlrmbl surilry
◃
Eby fcbtrembamfetmcb jcr veimbe` al`mvlry mb ilblre` (m.l. p`eflbte prlvme, trebsvlrsl neny, lt f.)
Qget”s mt. Lvlb tglb, wmtg mbfmsmcb typl eba gmstcry cj utlr mbl rupturl, ycur splfmjmf fmrfuhstebfls hey nl allhla l`mimn`l cj e QC@EF ny tgl rmigt hlamfe` prcjlssmcbe`. @est`y, wl webt tc rlmbjcrfl tget tglrl ms bc cbl rmigt wey tc nmrtg . Mj, jcr wgetlvlr rlescb, ycur f`mlbt acls bct jll` fchjcrten`l fgccsmbi ZNEF, gcbcr glr fgcmfl, lbfcureil glr tc trust glr mbtumtmcb, eba essmst glr es sgl pursuls e amjjlrlbt p`eb jcr glr nmrtg.
Uumfd ^lvmlw Yget gepplbla mb tgl 5==;s tc feusl e nefd`esg tcweras ZNEF3
Yget erl schl rmsds jcr ZNEF3
Yget fcbflrbs erl tglrl jcr eb Ebtlrmcr [`eflbte eba ZNEF3
[eil | <>
Yget erl schl rmsds jcr rlplet Flserleb3
Ms tgl ZNEF fe`fu`etcr f e`fu`etcr e icca mbamfetcr jcr fgebfls cj gevmbi e ‐suffl ssju`‘ ZNEF3 Ygy cr wgy bct3
[eil | <6
Et 6< wllds, M gea e ircwtg sfeb acbl wmtg Hetlrbe` Jlte` Hl amfmbl (HJH), aul tc Qypl 5 Amenltls, eba tgly sema sgl wes ercuba lmigt `ns., 55 cz. Qwc amjjlrlbt HJH acftcrs tc`a hl tget M sgcu`a gevl e rlplet F-slftmcb, lsplfme``y smbfl hy jmrst neny wes lmigt `ns. 56 cz. eba gea sgcu`alr aystcfme. Cb tcp cj tget, neny imr` wes nrllfg eba sgl wcu`a hcrl tgeb `mdl`y nl nmiilr et al`mvlry mj M wlbt tc 1; wllds ercuba Euiust >7, >;5:. Ejtlr twc wllds cj prcarche` `encr eba eb lxtlrbe` flpge`mf vlrsmcb tc turb neny imr` glea acwb (smbfl sgl wes nrllfg), hy nmrtgmbi tmhl gea jmbe``y errmvla et 6: wllds, jmvl aeys. Fcbtreftmcbs stertla cb Euiust <, >;5 7 ercuba =?;; e.h. Hy fcbtreftmcbs wlrl ilttmbi e `ct strcbilr bcw eba M stertla `csmbi hy hufus p`ui. M trmla s`llpmbi tgrcuig tgl fcbtreftmcbs, nlfeusl tget wes tgl cb`y wey tgly wcu`a stcp tgl prlvmcus twc wllds, nut bcw tgly wlrl wedmbi hl up. Ercuba 9?;; p.h., tgl fcbtreftmcbs ict hcrl mbtlbsl eba f`cslr tciltglr. Hy gusneba, Fgesl, eba M alfmala mt wes tmhl tc `levl jcr cur prl-nmrtg p`efl, @mtt`l Ehlrmfe, eba fe`` cur acu`es eba nmrtg pgctcirepglr. Nlmbi e ZNEF, wl webtla tc `encr schlwglrl f`cslr tc cur gcspmte` mb fesl ebytgmbi gepplbla, nut bct et tgl gcspmte`, sc M wcu`ab”t nl amsturnla. @mtt`l Ehlrmfe e`sc gea ge a irlet tuns! Yglb wl errmvla et @mtt`l Ehlrmfe, M wemtla mb tgl fer wgm`l Fgesl ict tgl dlys tc cur rcch. Qgl fcbtreftmcbs wlrl prltty strcbi bcw. Cbfl wl ict up tc cur rcch, gl jm``la up tgl tun jcr hl eba M `encrla tglrl wgm`l hy nmrtg tleh errmvla. Ejtlr `encrmbi jcr smx gcurs et @mtt`l Ehlrmfe, M wes ilttmbi tmrla eba tgmbis sllhla tc nl hcvmbi s`cw`y, sc wl alfmala tc ic tc tgl gcspmte` tc sll wget wes gepplbmbi eba alfmal cur iehl p`eb jrch tglrl. Yl errmvla et Vt. Herd”s Gcspmte` eba we`dla tc @encr & Al`mvlry, stcppmbi lvlry sc cjtlb tc nrletgl tgrcuig tgl fcbtreftmcbs. Qgly tccd us tc rcch 56. M `lt tgl bursl ac e flrvmfe` fglfd, nut tc`a glr bct tc tl`` hl wget M wes. M jcuba cut `etlr tget M wes
[eil | <1
lba cj mt. Es M wes cb tgl tcm`lt, hy bursl sema M bllala tc fchl tc tgl nla ejtlr M wes acbl sc tget M amab”t amab ”t gevl hy neny mb tgl netgrcch. M wlbt tc tgl nla eba gubi cvlr tgl nefd cj mt wgm`l cb hy dblls. Qgl bursl fglfdla hy flrvmx eba tc`a tgl rcch M wes 7fh. Vgl prcnen`y jcrict tget M amab”t webt tc dbcw, eba M wes sc hea tget M wes cb`y eb lmigt! Hy acu`es gea hl ilt cb hy gebas eba dblls, gebimbi cvlr tgl nla eiemb sc tgly fcu`a prcvmal fcubtlr prlssurl. E `ct cj tglsl fcbtreftmcbs jl`t `mdl M bllala tc pusg bcw, sc M ama. M”h bct surl wglb Ar. Lahubas fehl mb, nut gl fehl mb eba fglfdla hl eba M wes jmbe``y 5;fh. M oust pusgla wglb M bllala tc eba rlstla mb nltwllb fcbtreftmcbs. Hy erhs wlrl jll`mbi vlry tmrla eba sgedy, sc hy nmrtg tleh fcbvmbfla hl tc `ml acwb cb hy `ljt smal eba fcbtmbul pusgmbi tget wey. M p`cppla acwb, M wes sc tmrla. Hy nutt wes nesmfe``y gebimbi cjj tgl smal cj tgl nla, nut Ar. Lahubas wes jmbl fetfgmbi mb tget pcsmtmcb. M pusgla e fcup`l hcrl tmhls nljcrl neny imr` fehl cut. Glr ncay jl`t hessmvl f chmbi cut, hufg nmiilr tgeb hy jmrst neny. Neny imr` wes ncrb et 9?>7 e.h. cb Euiust :, >;5:, vme eb ub-hlamfetla ZNEF, wlmigmbi bmbl `ns., 5; cz. eba >; mbfgls `cbi. Vgl wes cb`y jcur cz. `migtlr tgeb hy F-slftmcb neny eba e`hcst e wgc`l pcuba glevmlr tgeb hy neny tget gea sgcu`alr aystcfme!
[eil | <<
MZ. ZNEF NM^QG QLEH EBA NM^QG [@EFL C[QMCBV
F
gccsmbi e ZNEF cr rlplet Flserleb ms e plrscbe` alfmsmcb eba u`tmhetl`y sgcu`a nl heal ny tgl nmrtgmbi wcheb eba glr jehm`y ejtlr fcbsmalrmbi E@@ tgl rmsds jcr lefg petg eba nesla cb tgl ubmqul fmrfuhstebfls cj glr prlvmcus nmrtg(s). Gl`p glr lve`uetl eba bevmietl tgrcuig glr
alsmrls eba jlers eba wget hctmvetls GL^. Ylmig tgl nlbljmts eba rmsds nesla cb glr splfmjmf bllas eba fmrfuhstebfls. Fcbsmalr tgl eavmfl cj glr prcvmalrs, nut rlhlhnlr tget lefg prcvmalr amjjlrs, schltmhls arestmfe``y, mb tglmr suppcrt, dbcw`lail, eba gcw tgly epprcefg ZNEF4 nlfeusl cj tgms, tgly hey bct nl up-tc-aetl wmtg furrlbt rlfchhlbaetmcbs eba iumal`mbls. Hcvmbi jcrwera, slld cut tgl furrlbt rlfchhlbaetmcbs eba rlslerfg wmtg glr, lbfcureil glr tc te`d tc slvlre` prcvmalrs, eba ilt tglmr cpmbmcbs ubtm` sgl jmbas cbl wgcsl dbcw`lail eba pgm`cscpgy e`mib wmtg glrs, wlmig tgl pctlbtme` rmsds eba nlbljmts, eba rlhmba glr tc fglfd glr cwb mbtumtmcb tc alfmal wget ms nlst jcr GL^ eba GL^ jehm`y.
[c`mfmls Vurrcubambi ZNEF Es e acu`e, mt ms mhpcrtebt ycu dbcw w get ZNEF pc`mfmls prcvmalrs eba `cfetmcbs gevl sc ycu feb prlperl eba suppcrt tglh mb eb laufetla wey. Ilblre``y, tgl hcrl ZNEF pc`mfmls e prcvmalr eba `cfetmcb gevl, tgl `lss ZNEF suppcrtmvl tgly wm`` w m`` nl. Vchl cj tgl ZNEF pc`mfmls ycu blla tc dbcw encut, eba hey lxplrmlbfl erl `mstla nl`cw. r upturl fesls, eb enbcrhe` glertnlet cj tgl neny wes cbl cj Fcbtmbucus Jlte` Hcbmtcrmbi- Mb 9;% cj rupturl tgl jmrst smibs (Iumsl, lt e`., > ;5;). Ygm`l mbtlrhmttlbt hcbmtcrmbi hey nl eb cptmcb mb schl nmrtg `cfetmcbs, e gcspmte` ms `mdl`y tc rlqumrl ycur f`mlbt tc nl fcbstebt`y hcbmtcrla. Icca blws ms, hcst gcspmte`s gevl wmrl`lss eba lvlb wetlrprccj hcbmtcrs sc sgl feb rlhemb hcnm`l eba lvlb `encr mb tgl wetlr mj sgl”a `mdl. Lbfcureil glr tc jmba cut encut cptmcbs jcr wmrl`lss, wetlrprccj hcbmtcrs eglea cj tmhl sc ycu dbcw wget”s evem`en`l.
Lpmaure` [`eflhlbt- Vchltmhls e prcvmalr cr gcspmte` hmigt rlqumrl eb lpmaure` tc nl p`efla nut bct turbla cb mb cralr tc ZNEF. Qgl male nlgmba tgms ms mb tgl fesl c j utlrmbl rupturl, tgly feb qumfd`y eahmbmstlr tgl lpmaure` eba plrjcrh e Flserleb wmtgcut gevmbi tc put tgl petmlbt ubalr ilblr e` eblstglsme, wgmfg ms rmsdmlr. Qgl prcn`lh wmtg tgms `cimf ms smhp`l4 aurmbi e fetestrcpgmf utlrmbl rupturl, e neny bllas tc nl cut wmtgmb 59 hmbutls mb cralr tc prlvlbt nremb aeheil cr ctglr slrmcus fchp`mfetmcbs. Qc eahmbmstlr eb lpmaure` et tgl strlbitg mt bllas tc nl jcr surilry, mt tedls >;-6;
[eil | <:
hmbutls, sc tgl petmlbt wcu`a blla tc nl put ubalr ilblre` eblstglsme mb cralr jcr tglh tc bct jll` tgl Flserleb ebywey. Qgl pcmbt ms, tgms preftmfl ms smhp`y bct lvmalbfl-nesla.
ZNEF Nebs- Yl tcufg cb tgms nrmlj`y mb Vlft mcb MMM encut EFCI Nu``ltmb 571. Yl `cvl tgl upaetla vlrsmcb cb ZNEF tget fehl cut c ut mb >;59 jcr heby rlescbs, cbl cj tglh nlmbi tgl f`ermjmfetmcb cb e dly pgresl tget gcspmte`s wlrl hmsmbtlrprltmbi eba usmbi es e rlescb tc neb ZNEF. Qgl hmsmbtlrprltla pgresl wes tget mb cralr jcr e gcspmte` tc plrjcrh ZNEF al`mvlrmls, tgly bll ala tc gevl eb eblstglsmc`cimst eba cnstltrmfmeb ‐mhhlametl`y evem`en`l‘ wgmfg wes hmsmbtlrprltla tc hleb ‐cbsmtl‘. Qgl >;59 vlrsmcb cj tgl ZNEF Z NEF nu``ltmb f`ermjmls tget ny stetmbi tget wgm`l gevmbi tglh cbsmtl ms male`, bct gevmbi tglh cbsmtl acls bct hleb tget e jefm`mty ms ubprlperla tc geba`l ZNEF lhlril bfmls. Mb ctglr wcras? mj e jefm`mty feb plrjcrh typmfe` veimbe` al`mvlrmls eba geba`l lhlri lbfmls rl`etla tc tglh, mt feb geba`l ZNEF eba pctlbtme` utlrmbl rupturl. Jcrfmbi e wcheb mbtc e Flserleb F lserleb ms wrcbi, bct imvmbi glr
tgl cptmcb tc essuhl tgl rmsds sgl ms prlperla tc tedl cb ms wrcbi. Mt wm`` tedl tmhl, nut wl nl`mlvl tgms ettmtual wm`` sprlea eba ZNEF nebs wm`` bc `cbilr lxmst.
Ve`mbl @cfd- E`sc dbcwb es e glp-`cfd, gmstcrmfe``y, ms eb MZ fetgltlr, p`efla mb e vlmb mb tgl erh cr geba, j`usgla wmtg se`mbl, eba feppla cjj mb fesl eb MZ ms bllala `etlr cb mb `encr cr nmrtg. Hcst gcspmte`s gevl tgms es stebaera pc`mfy eba erl ilblre``y `lss w m``mbi tc blictmetl mt jcr e ZNEF hctglr aul tc tgl pcssmn`l blla cj gevmbi tc mhhlametl`y eahmbmstlr ilblre` eblstglsme mb tgl fesl cj e utlrmbl rupturl. Es wmtg e`` ctglr nmrtg cptmcbs, tgl alfmsmcb ms u`tmhetl`y ycur f`mlbt” f`mlbt”s. Qe`d wmtg glr eba sll mj t gms ms schltgmbi wcrtg alf`mbmbi nesla cb glr fmrfuhstebfls.
Mbauftmcb- Mbauftmcb ms e gct tcpmf mb tgl ZNEF wcr`a. Mt ms mbtlrlstmbi wget pc`mfmls lxmst surrcubambi ZNEF eba gcw e pc`mfy et cbl `cfetmcb feb fcbtreamft e pc`mfy et ebctglr. Es stetla mb Vlftmcb Z, Hestlrmbi tgl Ert cj N^EMB, N^ EMB, mbauftmcb ms e sejl eba rlescben`l cptmcb jcr bcrhe` ZNEF prl ibebfmls. Ygm`l [mtcfmb acls mbfrlesl tgl fgebfls c j utlrmbl rupturl s`migt`y, mt ms stm`` wmtgmb tgl EFCI rlfchhlbala efflpten`l rmsd iumal`mbl. Ygm`l mt ms male` jc r `encr tc stert cb mts cwb, wglb tglrl ms e trul hlamfe` blla, mbauftmcb ms e sejl cptmcb. Qgl cb`y fcbtrembamfetmcb jcr ZNEF mbauftmcb ms usmbi Fytctlf/Hmscprcstc` jcr flrvmfe` rmplbmbi, hcrl mbjc cb tget mb V lftmcb Z es wl``. Vchl pc`mfmls ycu hmigt lbfcubtlr surrcubambi mbauftmcb mbf`ual?
•
[rcvmalrs cr gcspmte`s bct wm``mbi tc mbaufl ZNEF et e``.
•
[rcvmalrs cr gcspmte`s tget mbsmst cb mbauftmcb et 6= cr 1 ; wllds.
[eil | <9
•
Bct webtmbi tc usl e Jc`ly nu`n cr M \[F jcr hebue` flrvmfe` am`etmcb.
•
Bct usmbi [mtcfmb tc stmhu`etl utlrmbl fcbtreftmcbs.
Ygm`l tglsl pc`mfmls e`` gevl tgl mbtlbtmcb cj alfrlesmbi utlrmbl rupturl rmsd, tgly er l smhp`y bct lvmalbfl-nesla. Mj ycu lbfcubtlr eby cj tglsl pc`mfmls, mt wcu`a nl wmsl tc l bfcureil ycur f`mlbt tc gevl eb cplb amsfussmcb wmtg tglmr prcvmalr eba ilt e slfcba cpmbmcb.
Yetlr Nmrtg- Zlry jlw gcspmte`s e``cw wetlr nmrtg et e``, eba typmfe``y ac bct e``cw jcr ZNEF wchlb tc nmrtg mb tgl wetlr4 gcwlvlr, wl erl gcpmbi tget cbfl wetlr nmrtg turbs mbtc e fchhcb evem`en`l cptmcb jcr gcspmte`s, wm`` gevl jlwlr rlstrmftmcbs, eba nlfchl evem`en`l tc ZNEF hctglrs.
ZNEF Nmrtg @cfetmcbs Gcspmte` Hcst wchlb imvl nmrtg mb e gcspmte`. Mb e gcspmte`, tgly erl ferla jcr ny slvlre` amjjlrlbt typls cj plcp`l, mbf`uambi bursls, tlfgbmfmebs, hlamfe` rlsmalbts, eba mb schl fesls, suplrvmsla hlamfe` stualbts. Ychlb wgc gevl e irlet gcspmte` lxplrmlbfl usue``y alsfrmnl mt es nlmbi en`l tc hedl alfmsmcbs jcr tglmr ferl eba tgl stejj lxp`embmbi lvlrytgmbi tget wes icmbi cb. Ychlb wgc gevl nea lxplrmlbfls mb tgl gcspmte` usue``y sey tget tgly jl `t mibcrla, cr hmstrletla, cr jl `t `mdl tgly wlrl pert cj e systlh eba bct e``cwla eb mbamvmaue` lxplrmlbfl. EFCI rl fchhlbas gcspmte`s jcr ZNEF nesla cb tgl rmsd cj fetestrcpgmf utlrmbl rupturl. Vchl gcspmte`s hey gevl ZNEF nebs alspmtl EFCIs iumal`mbls eiembst tglh.
Nmrtg Flbtlr Jcr wchlb mb `cw rmsd prlibebfmls, usmbi e hmawmjl-nesla hcal` cj ferl mb e nmrtg fl btlr slttmbi ms eb cptmcb. Hmawmjl-`la ferl rlsu`ts mb `cwlr Flserleb retls, `cwlr mbtlrvlbtmcb retls, eba irlet cutfchls jcr nctg hch eba neny. Mb cbl \.V. stuay, cut cj 5<,;;; hctglrs, tgcsl usmbi nmrtg fl btlrs wmtg hmawmvls gea e =6% spcbteblcus `encr eba veimbe` nmrtg, 5% gea eb essmstla al`mvlry, eba cb`y :% bllala e F-slftmcb. Qgl blcbete` hcrte`mty retl w es cbl mb >,<;; (^ut`lail, Csncrbl, & M``uzzm, >;56).
[eil | <7
Hcrl eba hcrl wchlb erl fgccsmbi f gccsmbi tgms cptmcb nlfeusl cj tgl irletlr eutcbchy, hcrl plrscbe`mzla ferl, eba hcrl fchjcrten`l nmrtg l bvmrcbhlbt. Mj ycur f`mlbt fgccsls e hmawmjl eba nmrtg flbtl r, lbfcureil glr tc jmba cut encut eby `mflbsmbi, effrlamtetmcb, eba lxplrmlbfl. Bct e`` nmrtg fl btlrs eba hmawmvls erl tgl sehl.
Gchl Nmrtg ‐Mb >;56, >;56, 5.1% cj \.V. nmrtgs tccd p`efl cutsmal cj e gcspmte`. Vurprmsmbi`y, :1.1% cj tglsl cffurrla et gchl. Qgl buhnlr cj wchlb wgc ievl nmrtg et gchl, 6:,;7;, wes t gl gmiglst smbfl 5=7= wglb rlpcrtmbi cj gchl nmrtgs nlieb‘ (Hertmb, Gehm`tcb, & Cstlrheb, >;5<). Gchl nmrtg mb ilblre` eba lsplfme``y gchl nmrtg jcr ZNEF, e`sc dbcwb es GNEF, ms i rcwmbi mb pcpu`ermty. E p`ebbla nmrtg et gchl ms et `lest es sejl es e p`ebbla nmrtg mb e gcspmte`, es `cbi es jcur frmtlrme erl hlt. Qglsl frmtlrme erl tget? •
Qgl wcheb ges e `cw rmsd prlibebfy
•
Gchl nmrtg wes fgcslb, p`ebbla, eba prlperla jcr
•
Qgl ferl prcvmalr mbvc`vla ms que`mjmla eba trembla mb gchl nmrtgs.
•
E nefdup trebsjlr p`eb ms mb p`efl mb f esl cj lhlrilbfy.
Vmxtllb ylers” wcrtg sfmlbtmjmf stuamls cb gchl nmrtg ietglrla ny tgl Fce`mtmcb jcr Mh prcvmbi Hetlrbmty Vlrvmfls Lxplrt Ycrd Ircup I rcup sgcwla tget, wglb fchperla tc `cw rmsd wchlb wgc p`eb e gcspmte` nmrtg, `cw rmsd wchlb wgc p`eb e gchl nmrtg gevl smhm`er cr nlttlr cutfchls wmtg jlwlr hlamfe` mbtlrvlbtmcbs eba jlwlr Flserlebs (Veieay & ^chebc, >;;9). Gcwlvlr, tglrl erl vlry jlw acfuhlbtla eba stuamla fesls cj ZNEF et gchl mb tgl \bmtla Vtetls tc aetl, sc tglrl ms bct lbcuig aete tc fchpm`l sgcwmbi eb mbfrlesla rmsd jcr ZNEF wchlb. \`tmhetl`y tgl fgcmfl jcr nmrtg `cfetmcb sgcu`a nl nesla cb wget hedls e wcheb jll` sejl eba ms eb lbvmrcbhlbt wglrl sgl ges fcbjmalbfl mb glr fgcslb prcvmalr. Qglrl erl heby tgmbis tget feb nl acbl tc hedl e nmrtg spefl hcrl fcglsmvl wmtg eby perlbt”s bllas, bc hettlr wglrl tget ms. Vchl suiilstmcbs mbf`ual? •
Gebimbi up pmfturls cr ejjmrhetmcbs mb tgl nmrtg spefl
•
@migtmbi feba`ls (@LA feba`ls cb`y jcr gcspmte`s)
•
Amhhmbi tgl `migts
[eil | <=
•
Ylermbi glr cwb fchjcrten`l f`ctgls
•
Frletmbi e qumlt spefl, cr turbmbi cb tglmr cwb husmf
Qe`d wmtg ycur f`mlbt tc sll wget l`sl sgl hey webt tc mhp`lhlbt jcr glr nmrtgmbi tmhl. ^lhmba glr tget gcw eba wglrl sgl fgccsls tc imvl nmrtg ms GL^ alfmsmcb eba sgl f eb jmba schlcbl fepen`l cj suppcrtmbi glr bc hettlr wget glr alsmrls erl.
Fgccsmbi E Ferl [rcvmalr Ychlb wmtg e prmcr Flserleb nmrtg gevl e irletlr fgebfl cj efgmlvmbi ZNEF wglb tgly gevl 5;;% suppcrt jrch tglmr ferl prcvmalr eba wglb tglmr prcvmalrs lbfcureil eba prchctl bcrhe`, pgysmc`cimf nmrtg prcflssls bct mbvc`vmbi ubblflssery hlamfe` mbtlrvlbtmcbs. Qglrl erl slvlre` cptmcbs jcr ferl prcvmalrs nesla, cj fcursl, cb nmrtg `cfetmcb fgcmfl eba mbf`ual CNI ]B, Gcspmte` Hmawmjl (FBH), cr gchl nmrtg cr nmrtg flbtlr hmawmvls. h mawmvls. Dbcwmbi wget qulstmcbs tc esd pctlbtme` ZNEF prcvmalrs feb nl jrustretmbi, lsplfme``y wglb wglb tgly erlb”t surl mj tgly erl nlmbi gcblst cr erl oust tl``mbi tgl hch wget tgly webt tc gler. Nl`cw, wl wm`` suiilst schl tcpmfs cj amsfussmcb eba tglb sgcw ycu gcw tc mbtlrprlt tglmr ebswlrs. Yl suiilst ycu imvl ycur f`mlbts tglsl qulstmcbs tc esd tglmr prcvmalrs mb ycur prlbete` vmsmt. Qgms wey, ycu”`` e`sc dbcw mj tget prcvmalr tru`y ms suppcrtmvl. Hcst mhpcrtebt`y, wgm`l sgl ms slerfgmbi, mt ms mhpcrtebt tc hedl surl tc esd cplb-lbala qulstmcbs. Eby prcvmalr feb eirll tc eby nmrtg p`eb put nljcrl tglh mbmtme``y nut dbcwmbi gcw tgly plrscbe``y jll` encut ZNEF eba dbcwmbi wget rlqumrlhlbts tgly hmigt gevl feb `lt ycu dbcw hcrl encut wgltglr tgly erl ZNEF-jrmlba`y ZNEF-jrmlba`y cr wm`` oust ‐e``cw‘ mt mj lvlrytgmbi icls plr jlft`y jlft`y.. Dbcwmbi wget ycur f`mlbt ms up eiembst feb gl`p ycu dbcw wget tc lx plft aurmbi `encr eba al`mvlry. Qgl male` ms tc jmba e prcvmalr wgc vmlws veimbe` nmrtg ejtlr Flserleb es e bcrhe` prcflss, wgc ms bct ejrema tc suppcrt e wcheb prlpermbi tc Z NEF, wm`` cb`y ouhp mb wmtg mbtlrvlbtmcbs wglb tglrl ms e Q^\L hlamfe` mbamfetmcb, eba wgc tgl wcheb feb jcrh e irlet rl`etmcbsgmp wmtg nljcrlgeba. Vuiilst amsfussmbi ZNEF eba QC@EF mb tgl prcvmalr”s cjjmfl, efrcss tgl alsd jrch cbl ebctglr retglr tgeb mb eb lxeh rcch mb e icwb. Qgms puts e `ct cj pcwlr nefd mb glr fcurt.
[eil | :;
Glrl erl schl irlet qulstmcbs tc imvl tc ycur f`mlbt? ◃
Gcw ac ycu jll` encut suppcrtmbi QC@EF/ZNEF eba gcw heby cj ycur petmlbts wgc ettlhpt ZNEF erl sufflssju`3
◃
Yget erl pctlbtme` `cbi-tlrh eba sgcrt-tlrh r msds cj e rlplet Flserleb jcr hysl`j h ysl`j eba hy neny3
◃
Mj M gevl e rlplet r lplet Flserleb, gcw wm`` tgms mhpeft juturl prlibebfmls eba nmrtgs3
◃
Yget rlqumrlhlbts ac ycu gevl tc suppcrt e wcheb mb QC@EF3
◃
Yget ms ycur gcspmte` pc`mfy surrcubambi ZNEF3
◃
Yget ac ycu fcbsmalr es ‐ensc`utl`y blflssery‘ rlescbs jcr e F-slftmcb3 F -slftmcb3
◃
Yget ac ycu eba ycur gcspmte` ac tc evcma petmlbts gevmbi eb ubblflssery rlplet Flserleb3
◃
Erl tglrl ctglrs mb ycur preftmfl wgc hmigt nl et hy nmrtg mj ycu erl bct evem`en`l3 Gcw ac tgl y jll` encut QC@EF/ZNEF3
Vtuamls gevl sgcwb tget e hctglr wcu`a hufg retglr glr acu`e cr suppcrt tleh nl gcblst wmtg glr mj tgly dbcw tgl prcvmalr ms bct suppcrtmvl. Qgms feb put us acu`es mb e vlry amjjmfu`t spct. Mt ms sc mhpcrtebt jcr ycu tc nl gcblst wgm`l bct stlppmbi cutsmal cj ycur sfcpl. Mj ycur f`mlbt esds ycu mj t get flrtemb prcvmalr ms suppcrtmvl eba ycu gevl sllb tglh bct nl suppcrtmvl, nl gcblst. Oust dllp mt vlry prcjlssmcbe`. Mt”s cdey tc sey schltgmbi `mdl, ‐M gevl wcrdla wmtg ZNEF wchlb mb tgl mb tgl pest eba gevl sllb W]_.‘ Gcwlvlr, mt ms bct ycur p`efl tc sey, ‐]C\ VGC\@A VY MQFG, ^\B JC^ QGL GM@@V, GL/VGL V\FDV!‘ Vtey prcjlssmcbe` ny imvmbi tglh tglsl qulstmcbs4 mt ms e icca wey jcr tglh tc mbtlrprlt mbtlr prlt wget tgly tgmbd ms nlst. Mj ycur f`mlbt steys wmtg eb ubsuppcrtmvl prcvmalr, nrmbi ycur ‗E” iehl eba hedl surl tc suppcrt tglh tgl nlst ycu feb, f eb, nlfeusl tgly wm`` `mdl`y blla mt.
Mbtlrprltmbi Qglmr ^lspcbsls? Bcw ycu gevl e`` tglsl amsfussmcb pcmbts, wget ac ycu ac w mtg tglh3 Yl gevl amvmala tgmbis mbtc tgrll fetlicrmls wmtg suiilstmcbs cb wget tc f cbsmalr wglb lve`uetmbi tgl prcvmalr mbtlrvmlw.
Qglmr [lrscbe` Gmstcry Qgl gmiglr tglmr ZNEF sufflss retls eba `cwlr tglmr Flserleb retls, tgl nlttlr. ]cu feb stert ny ilttmbi e icca male wget tgcsl erl ny vmsmtmbi Flserlebretls.cri. Qgms e``cws ycu tc nrled acwb r etls ny stetl, gcspmte`, eba prcvmalr. Dbcwmbi wget tgl nesl`mbl ms jcr ycur erle ms e irlet wey tc stert cjj mb altlrhmbmbi wglrl glr prcvmalr rebds. Esd jcr eftue` buhnlrs glrl. Ebswlrs `mdl, ‐M ‐M cb`y cb`y mbtlrvlbl cr plrjcrh e F-slftmcb wglb ensc`utl`y blflssery‘ hmigt nl e rla j`ei mj tgly erl rl`uftebt tc sgerl eftue`
[eil | :5
stetmstmfs. Esdmbi wget tglmr plrscbe` nl`mlj eba pgm`cscpgy ms surrcubambi ZNEF wm`` imvl nctg cj ycu e irlet male, eba acb” acb”t `lt ebycbl tl`` glr tgly wm`` `lt glr try glr try . Qget mtsl`j ms e imebt rla j`ei.
Qglmr ^lqumrlhlbts Heby prcvmalrs gevl stmpu`etmcbs jcr e``cwmbi e wcheb tc QC@EF. Vchl cj tglsl r lqumrlhlbts mbvc`vl mbauftmcb hltgcas cr lvlb mbauftmcb et e``, imvmbi nmrtg ny e flrtemb ilstetmcbe` eil, tgl rlescb jcr prlvmcus Flserleb, eba mj tgly gevl lvlr gea e veimbe` nmrtg. E prcvmalr tget mbsmsts e ZNEF f `mlbt ic mbtc `encr nljcrl 1; wllds cr c r sgl eutchetmfe``y icls tc e F-slftmcb ms prcnen`y bct ZNEFjrmlba`y, jcr lxehp`l. Qgl hcrl rlqumrlhlbts cr pc`mfmls e prcvmalr cr nmrtg p`efl ges jcr ZNEF, tgl `lss `mdl`y tgly erl tc nl suppcrtmvl. E`sc, mj tgly mbsmst e wcheb”s pl`vms ms tcc she`` cr glr neny tcc nmi, fglfd ercuba eba jmba e prcvmalr wgc preftmfls lvmalbfl-nesla ferl . E ZNEF sgcu`a nl trletla es eby ctglr typl cj nmrtg, plrscbe` eba ubmqul, eba bct nl imvlb n`ebdlt rlqumrlhlbts nesla cb wget hey cr hey bct mbfrlesl cr alfrlesl fgebfls cj sufflss.
Yget Ac tgl Ctglrs Qgmbd3 E `ct cj prcvmalrs wcrd mb e preftmfl wmtg eb cb-fe`` sfglau`l. Oust nlfeusl cbl acftcr mb tgl preftmfl ms ZNEF-suppcrtmvl acls bct hleb tget e`` cj tglh erl. Dbcw mj tgl acftcr ycur f `mlbt slls wm`` nl tgl cbl et tgl nmrtg, mj tgly t gly gevl eby tmhl cjj sfglau`la ercuba glr aul aetl, eba wget tgl gcspmte` pc`mfmls eba tgl stebaera cj tgl ctglr prcvmalrs tgly wcrd wmtg erl. Dbcwmbi wget tgl st ebaera cj ferl ms jcr tgl lbtmrl ircup hey hedl glr webt tc slld ctglr prcvmalrs mj mt ms bct mb `mbl wmtg wget GL^ prcvmalr acls.
ZNEF Vuppcrtmvl vs. ZNEF Qc`lrebt Vchl acftcrs hey eppler tc nl ZNEF suppcrtmvl, nut eftmcbs spled vc`uhls. Glrl ms e `mst cj fgereftlrmstmfs tget hedl e prcvmalr tc`lrebt cj ZNEF, hlebmbi tget tgly e``cw ZNEF mj lvlrytgmbi icls plrjlft`y, cr suppcrtmvl cj ZNEF, hlebmbi t gly erl up tc aetl wmtg lvmalbfl-nesla preftmfls eba rle``y suppcrt ZNEF.
[eil | :>
@est`y, mj sgl lvlr jmbas glrsl`j mb e pcsmtmcb wglrl sgl ms jefla wmtg e nmrtg spefl cr nmrtg prcvmalr wgc ms f`ler`y ubsuppcrtmvl, sgl E@YE]V ges tgl rmigt tc slld blw ferl, lvlb lvl b mb tgl hmaa`l cj glr `encr. Yl dbcw sgl `mdl`y ges e`rleay gmrla ycu tc suppcrt glr, sc tglrl ms lvmalbfl jcr acu`e suppcrt mb `encr. Ar. Ocgb Dlbbl``, wgc fc-eutgcrla cbl cj tgl jmrst stuamls cb fcbtmbucus `encr suppcrt, sema mb rljlrlbfl tc fcbtmbucus acu`e suppcrt? ‐Mj ebycbl sema tget e blw arui cr l`lftrcbmf alvmfl fcu`a rlaufl prcn`lhs esscfmetla wmtg
jlte` amstrlss eba `encr prcirlss tc e tgmra, cr lvlb tget mt wcu`a sgcrtlb `encr ny ge`j eba jefm`mtetl hctglr-neny mbtlreftmcb ejtlr tgl nmrtg, t glrl wcu`a nl e stehplal tc hedl surl tgms blw arui cr lqumphlbt wes evem`en`l mb lvlry hetlrbmty ubmt mb tgl fcubtry, wgetlvlr tgl fcst mbvc`vla.‘ (Dlbbl`, De`us, ^cnlrtscb, & Gmbd`ly, 5==5)
[eil | :6
[eil | :1
Gmrmbi e Acu`e Yl tgmbd ycu erl ewlschl. Mb eaamtmcb tc prcvmambi pgysmfe`, lhctmcbe`, eba laufetmcbe` suppcrt, ycu es e acu`e hey gl`p alfrlesl tgl fgebfl cj e F-slftmcb ny 6=% (Alddlr, >;59). >;59). Mt”s trul. trul. Vll wgy wl tgmbd acu`es erl ewlschl3 Yl `cvl tgl quctl jrch Lvmalbfl-nesla Lvmalbfl-nesla Nmrtg”s wlnsmtl tget seys? ‐Eavcfefy ms aljmbla es suppcrtmbi tgl nmrtgmbi plrscb mb tglmr rmigt tc hedl alfmsmcbs encut tglmr cwb ncay eba neny.‘ -^lnlffe Alddlr E stuay tget mbf`uala hcrl tgeb 5<,;;; plcp`l wes acbl wmtg >: trme`s cb fcbtmbucus suppcrt cj e wcheb mb `encr. Qgl stuamls mbf`uala amjjlrlbt typls cj fcbtmbucus suppcrt, sufg es e bursl, hmawmjl, eba acu`e. Qgl rlslerfglrs `ccdla tc sll mj tgl typl cj suppcrt heal e amjjlrlbfl. F cbtmbucus suppcrt sgcu`a nl fcbtmbucus suppcrt, rmigt3 Qgl cvlre`` jmbambis wlrl qumtl mbtlrlstmbi. ◃
><% alfrlesl mb tgl rmsd cj Flserleb4 tgl `erilst ljjlft wes sllb wmtg e acu`e (6=% alfrlesl)
◃
7% mbfrlesl mb tgl `mdl`mgcca cj e spcbteblcus veimbe` nmrtg4 tgl `erilst ljjlft wes sllb wmtg e acu`e (5<% mbfrlesl)
◃
5;% alfrlesl mb tgl usl cj eby hlamfetmcbs jcr pemb rl`mlj4 tgl typl cj plrscb prcvmambi fcbtmbucus suppcrt ama bct hedl e amjjlrlbfl
◃
Vgcrtlr `encrs ny 15 hmbutls cb evlreil4 tglrl ms bc aete cb mj tgl typl cj plrscb prcvmambi fcbtmbucus suppcrt hedls e amjjlrlbfl
◃
67% alfrlesl mb tgl neny”s rmsd cj e `cw jmvl-hmbutl jmvl-hmbutl E[IE^ sfcrl4 tglrl ms bc aete cb mj tgl typl cj plrscb prcvmambi fcbtmbucus suppcrt hedls e amjjlrlbfl
◃
65% alfrlesl mb tgl rmsd cj nlmbi amssetmsjmla wmtg tgl nmrtg lxplrmlbfl4 hctglrs” rmsd cj nlmbi amssetmsjmla wmtg tgl nmrtg lxplrmlbfl wes rlaufla w mtg fcbtmbucus suppcrt prcvmala ny e acu`e cr schlcbl mb tglmr scfme` bltwcrd (jehm`y cr jrmlba), nut bct gcspmte` stejj (Ncgrlb, Gcjhlyr, Vede`e, Juduzewe, & Futgnlrt, >;59).
Cvlre``, gmrmbi e acu`e feb nlbljmt tgl cvlre`` `encr/nmrtg lxplrmlbfl mb heby weys, jrch evcmambi ubblflssery mbtlrvlbtmcbs tc prcvmambi fcbtmbucus pgysmfe` eba lhctmcbe` suppcrt tc nctg tgl nmrtgmbi wcheb eba pertblr. E`tgcuig tgms typl cj suppcrt feb nl prcvmala ny ctglrs, sufg es tgl bursl, hmawmjl, cr jehm`y/jrmlba, stuamls sgcw tget acu`es gevl e strcbilr l jjlft tgeb ctglr typls cj suppcrt. E acu`e ms e hlhnlr cj ycur nmrtg tl eh eba wm`` nl tglrl tc gl`p l vlrycbl gevl es pcsmtmvl cj eb
[eil | :<
lxplrmlbfl es pcssmn`l. Vc, dllp nl mbi ewlschl. ]cu erl fgebimbi tgl nmrtg fu`turl wmtg lvlry nmrtg ycu ettlba.
U \MFD \MFD ^LZMLY Yget erl schl ZNEF splfmjmf pc`mfmls ycu wm`` jefl mb ycur tmhl es e acu`e3
Yget erl schl smibs tget e prcvmalr ms ZNEF suppcrtmvl3
Yget erl schl rla rl a j`eis tget wm`` tl`` ycu mj e prcvmalr ms bct vl ry suppcrtmvl cj ZNEF3
[eil | ::
Hy stert tc hctglrgcca wes ubmheimben`y pembju`. M wes prlibebt wmtg spcbteblcus ncy/imr` twmbs, eba ejtlr eb ctglrwmsl shcctg prlibebfy, M wcdl up mb prltlrh `encr ler`y mb tgl hcrbmbi cb Hey =, >;55. M gea heal mt tc 6> wllds, w llds, eba up ubtm` tglb, nctg nenmls wlrl glea acwb. Yl gurrmla tc tgl gcspmte` eba alspmtl mbtlrvlbtmcbs, hy fcbtreftmcbs ict f`cslr eba f`cslr tciltglr. Yl gea p`ebbla e veimbe` nmrtg eba wlrl ubprlperla tc eavcfetl jcr cursl`vls wglb wl wlrl tc`a Neny N wes nrllfg eba e Flserleb slftmcb wes rlfchhlbala. Aurmbi tgl F-slftmcb, Neny E, Heal`yb, sustembla e nmrtg mboury. Neny N, Oefdscb, fehl mbtc tgl wc r`a cbl hmbutl `etlr wmtgcut mssul. Cb Hey 56, cur aeuigtlr, Heal`yb E`mfl, amla ejtlr jcur aeys mb tgl @lvl` MMM BMF\. Cur scb splbt twc wllds mb tgl splfme` ferl burslry eba fehl gchl tc nlrlevla perlbts, jmiurmbi cut gcw tc ferl jcr e jreim`l prllhml wgm`l e`sc irmlvmbi tgl `css cj Heal`yb. \balr tglsl fmrfuhstebfls, M gevl bc male gcw wl wlbt cb tc gevl hcrl fgm`arlb. Aeys nljcrl tgl twmbs” jmrst nmrtgaey, M jcuba cut M wes prlibebt eiemb. M mhhlametl`y rlslerfgla Z NEFs, es M fcu`ab”t mheimbl icmbi nefd mbtc t gl C^ ejtlr sufg e treuhetmf `css. Et `css. Et 5: wllds, wl jcuba cur acu`e, eba mt wes tru`y e nmrtg hetfg heal mb glevlb. Jcr hl, `encr eba nmrtg erl hufg hcrl hlbte` lxlrfmsls tgeb pgysmfe`, eba wget M blla jrch e acu`e ms lhctmcbe` suppcrt, lsplfme``y jrch 6> wl lds cb ubtm` tgl al`mvlry. M wes sc `ufdy tc gevl jcuba tget wmtg cur acu`e, Bmbe. Cbfl hy acftcr altlrhmbla M wes e icca febamaetl jcr e ZNEF, sgl wes wmtg hl e`` tgl wey. M fehl tc glr wmtg mbslfurmtmls eba glsmtetmcbs, eba sgl rlessurla hl wmtg lvmalbfl-nesla rlslerfg tget nenmls al`mvlrla vme ZNEF gea tgl nlst c utfchls fchperla tc sfglau`la Flserlebs. Vgl gl`pla hl stey tgl fcursl eba mb eaamtmcb tc e acu`e, M tgmbd e ZNEF-suppcrtmvl prcvmalr ms sc mhpcrtebt jcr e sufflssju` Qrme` cj @encr Ejtlr e Flserleb. Cb Oebuery 7, >;56, M wcdl up mb tgl hmaa`l cj tgl bmigt, oust `mdl M gea cb Hey = . Yl `ljt gchl rmigt ewey eba hlt cur acu`e hchlbts ejtlr nlmbi fglfdla eba eahmttla. Vgl wes e`sc e hesseil tglrepmst, eba M feb mheimbl bc nlttlr tmhl jcr e hesseil tgeb `encr! Fcubtlr prlssurl, lbfcureilhlbt, eba swmtfgmbi pcsmtmcbs cjtlb ict hl tgrcuig tgl jmrst gcur. Et tget pcmbt, M wes 1fh am`etla. Ygm`l M gea p`ebbla cb eb ubhlamfetla nmrtg, M fcu`ab”t nl`mlvl M w es oust et e jcur eba amab”t tgmbd M fcu`a tedl hufg hcrl pemb. Hy mbtumtmvl acu`e slbsla M wes f`csl tc trebsmtmcb, nut stm`` suppcrtla hl tgrcuig
[eil | :9
amsfussmcbs encut eb lpmaure`. Gcwlvlr, sgl wes rmigt ‖ rmigt ‖ tgl tgl blxt tmhl tgly fglfdla hl, 6; hmbutls `etlr, M wes fchp`ltl. Qgl acftcr cb tgl j`ccr fcu`ab”t al`mvlr al`mv lr hl aul tc `menm`mty, sc wl gea tc wemt ebctglr >; hmbutls jcr hy CN tc errmvl. Ygm`l gc`ambi cjj cb pusgmbi, M sfrlehla tc e rlsmalbt, ‐Qgms msb”t beture`!‘ Vgl hmstccd wget M wes seymbi eba sema, ‐]cu erlb”t usmbi aruis, tgms ms tcte``y beture`!‘ Yget M hlebt wes, M fcu`ab”t wemt tc pusg ebyhcrl! Hy acftcr `mtlre``y fehl rubbmbi mb, eba 57 hmbutls `etlr hy slfcba aeuigtlr, Herict, wes ncrb. Vgl fehl cut nreymbi `mdl e `ehn, eba M feb”t tgmbd cj e nlttlr scuba. M”vl icbl cb tc gevl twc ctglr ubhlamfetla ZNEFV mb gcspmte`s, eba et hy `est al`mvlry, hy neny wes `mtlre``y feuigt ny hmawmvls. Oefdscb ms bcw slvlb, Herict ms jmvl, Ehl`me ms twc, twc, eba cur ‐fenccsl‘, Gc`alb, ‐fenccsl‘, Gc`alb, ms lmigt hcbtgs. Cur jehm`y ms fchp`ltl eba M eh sc tgebdju`, es M feb”t mheimbl gevmbi sufg gevmbi sufg e `eril jehm`y wmtgcut gevmbi lxplrmlbfla Herict”s sejl al`mvlry. M blvlr tedl jcr irebtla hy fgm`arlb”s sejl al`mvlrmls al`mvlrmls eba tgl prmvm`lil cj `levmbi tgl gcspmte` wmtg tglh.
[eil | :7
Z. QGL E^Q CJ N^EMB
G
evmbi e icca male cj wget ycu webt jcr tglmr nmrtg ms mhpcrtebt. Dbcwmbi wget tgl cptmcbs erl eba wget fgcmfls erl evem`en`l feb nl jr ustretmbi jcr glr. Es e acu`e, ycu erl `mdl`y e`rleay ewerl cj tgl N^EMB ebtcbyh. Yl rlfchhlba hestlrmbi tgl ert cj N^EMB, tlefgmbi ycur f`mlbt
gcw tc usl mt tc hedl alfmsmcbs up tc eba aurmbi `encr, eba usmbi mt tc jefm`mtetl pcsmtmvl amsfussmcbs wmtg lvlrycbl mb glr nmrtg tleh.
Yget ms N^EMB3 Nlbljmts- Yget erl tgl nlbljmts cj tgms mbtlrvlbtmcb, cptmcb, prcflaurl3 Gcw acls mt nlbljmt hl eba neny3
^msds- Yget erl tgl rmsds cj tgms mbtlrvlbtmcb, cptmcb, prcflaurl3 Gcw hey mt ejjlft neny eba M blietmvl`y3
E`tlrbetmvls- Erl tglrl ctglr e`tlrbetmvls tc tgms mbtlrvlbtmcb, cptmcb, prcflaurl3 Gcw ac tgly fchperl tc W]_3 Erl tgly ilbt`lr cr hcrl mbvesmvl3
Mbtumtmcb- Esd ycursl`j gcw ycu plrscbe``y jll` encut tgl smtuetmcb3 Yget acls ycur hchhe iut sey3
Bctgmbi- Yget gepplbs mj wl ac bctgmbi3 Ms mt sejl3 Ms mt pcssmn`l tgmbis feb fgebil3 Yget gepplbs mj wl wemt3
Esslssmbi Mbtlrvlbtmcbs Mb `encr, tglrl erl heby mbtlrvlbtmcbs tget feb fchl mbtc p`ey. Eb mbtlrvlbtmcb ms ebytgmbi acbl tc e wcheb”s ncay wcheb”s ncay aurmbi tgl `encr prcflss eba lvlb nl jcrl `encr nlimbs. Dbcwmbi wget tglsl mbtlrvlbtmcbs erl eba wget tgl N^EMB tru`y ms wm`` mbfrlesl ycur f`mlbt”s f`mlbt”s fgebfls fgebfls cj gevmbi `mtt`l tc bc mbtlrvlbtmcb veimbe` nmrtg.
Mbauftmcb Qrul cr je`sl? ZNEF hchs feb”t feb”t nl nl mbaufla. JE@VL. E`tgcuig mt”s male` jcr `encr tc stert cb mts cwb, ZNEF hchs feb stm`` sejl`y nl mbaufla eba gevl e ZNEF. Effcrambi tc EFCI, e prmcr `cw trebsvlrsl F-slftmcb ms bct e fcbtrembamfetmcb tc mbauftmcb (ctglr tgeb tgl usl cj Hmscprcstc`/Fytctlf), sc e Jc`ly ne``ccb cr
[eil | :=
[mtcfmb hey nl usla sejl`y mb hcst wchlb. Qgl prcn`lh ermsls wglb e preftmtmcblr acls bct nl`mlvl mb acmbi mbauftmcbs cb wchlb wmtg prmcr F-slftmcb. @lt”s te`d encut mbauftmcb schl hcrl. Qglrl erl heby weys cj mbaufmbi `encr, eba pert cj h estlrmbi tgl ert cj N^EMB ms dbcwmbi wget tglsl erl eba wget tgl prcs eba fcbs erl tc lefg cbl jcr ycur f`mlbt eba glr neny. Nut gcw feb ycu rl e``y dbcw mj mbauftmcb cr mbtlrvlbtmcbs erl bllala3 [rcvmalrs wm`` cjtlb imvl e Nmsgcp Vfcrl nljcrl mbauftmcb. Acftcrs retl e wcheb”s flrvmx jrch 5-5;. 5-5;. Ebytgmbi `lss tgeb e smx hlebs glr flrvmx hey bct nl rleay jcr `encr.
*Vmibs e flrvmx ms bct rleay tc gevl e neny? [cstlrmcr flrvmx, gmig eba gera/tgmfd flr vmx, eba tgl ncay bct sgcwmbi eby smibs cj `encr stertmbi. Mj mbauftmcb ms schltgmbi hlbtmcbla ny tgl prcvmalr, gevl glr esd wgy. Ygy ms mt hlamfe``y blflssery jcr `encr tc nl mbaufla3 @ccd jcr lvmalbfl-nesla mbjcrhetmcb mb tglmr ebswlrs.
Lvmalbfl-nesla rlescbs jcr mbauftmcb mbf`ual fcbamtmcbs `mdl pc`ygyarehbmcs, prllf`ehpsme, jlte` ircwtg rlstrmftmcbs, eba ctglr aebilrcus fchp`mfetmcbs. Ctglr lxehp`ls mbf`ual mj tgl wetlr ges nrcdlb nut ycur f`mlbts gevlb” gevlb”t icbl mbtc `encr cb glr cwb ejtlr 17+ gcurs, `cw ehbmctmf j`uma, cr alfrlesla jlte` hcvlhlbt.
Lvmalbfl-nesla rlescbs jcr ctglr mbtlrvlbtmcbs mbf`ual wglb tgl flrvmx ms bct jevcren`l jcr mbauftmcb nut mt ms hlamfe``y blflssery tc prcflla wmtg nmrtg, `encr ges bct stertla ejtlr twc wllds pest tgl aul aetl, cr `encr ges smibmjmfebt`y ste``la. Yl gevl mbf`uala mbjcrhetmcb ycu feb ic cvlr wmtg ycur f`mlbt mj mt nlfchls blflssery.
Beture` Mbauftmcb Hltgcas Vtrmppmbi cj hlhnrebls ? Qgms ms schltgmbi tget ms typmfe``y plrjcrhla mb tgl c jjmfl cj ycur prcvmalr. ]cur hlamfe` prcvmalr mbslrts tglmr jmbilr mbtc ycur flrvmx eba slperetls (swllps/strmps) tgl ehbmctmf sef jrch ycur utlrmbl we``. Qgms feb rl`lesl prcstei`ebambs eba stmhu`etl `encr fc btreftmcbs. Qgms hltgca hey nl ljjlftmvl, nut cjtlb hey tedl >-6 tmhls. Mj `encr ms bct ylt rleay, mt hey stert fcbtreftmcbs tget acb”t nrmbi prcirlss. ]cu hey lxplrmlbfl f rehpmbi eba spcttmbi. Mt feb mbfrlesl ycur fgebfls cj ubwebtla neftlrme eba wledlb ycur hlhnrebls, mbfrlesmbi ycur fgebfls cj ycur wetlr nrledmbi tcc ler`y, eba mb turb mbfrlesmbi fgebfls cj mbauftmcb wmtg ctglr hltgcas eba remsmbi tgl fgebfls cj e Fslftmcb.
[eil | 9;
(Zmte, >;51)
Lvlbmbi [rmhrcsl Cm` ms tgl cm` jrch tgl slla cj tgl lvlbmbi prmhrcsl p`ebt. Yglb aul aetls erl fchmbi up eba mbauftmcb `ccds `mdl mt hey nl blflssery, heby hchs eba hmawmvls wm`` `ccd mbtc Lvlbmbi [rmhrcsl Cm` (L[C). Qgl male ms usmbi mt veimbe``y cr cre``y tc scjtlb eba rmplb tgl flrvmx tc prlperl mt jcr `encr. Yl ac BCQ rlfchhlba tedmbi tgms aurmbi prlibebfy. Qglrl erl cb`y twc stuamls evem`en`l cb mts sejlty eba ljjlftmvlblss. Blmtglr stuay sgcwla tget mt gl`pla prcirlssmcb cj `encr eba cbl cj tgcsl stuamls, rljlrlbfla nl`cw, aljmbls mt es bct suppcrtla aurmbi prlibebfy eba mt sgcu`a nl evcmala. Mt ms `mbdla tc n`llambi mssuls eba fchp`mfetmcbs aurmbi Flserlebs. ‐Qgl ljjlfts cj L[C supp`lhlbtetmcb aurmbi prlibebfy eba `eftetmcb rlhemb `eril`y ubdbcwb,
eba tglmr usl febbct nl rlfchhlbala. Lxtlbsmvl Lxtlbsmvl nut trebsmlbt pltlfgmel eba lffgyhcsls gevl nllb rlpcrtla mb e blwncrb mbjebt wgcsl hctglr tccd e tcte` cj :.< i cj L[C aurmbi tgl wlld nljcrl imvmbi nmrtg. Qgl cre` usl cj L[C aurmbi prlibebfy hey e`sc nl esscfmetla wmtg e hcrl prctreftla pgesl cj `encr eba eb mbfrlesla mbfmalbfl cj prlheturl rupturl cj hlhnrebls, errlst cj alsflbt, cxytcfmb ([mtcfmb) ( [mtcfmb) eahmbmstretmcb, eba vefuuh lxtreftmcb. Eaamtmcbe` fcbflrbs gevl nllb remsla encut eavlrsl ljjlfts cj L[C supp`lhlbtetmcb cb fcbamtmcbs mbf`uambi p`etl`lt eiirlietmcb, fgc`lstlrc`, eba n`cc a prlssurl.‘ (Ney`ls & \setmbl, >;5:)
Hlamfe` Mbauftmcb Hltgcas Fytctlf/Flrvmam`? Fytctlf/Hmscprcstc` acls gevl mts p`efl jcr mbaufmbi wchlb wmtgcut e gmstcry cj Flserleb4 gcwlvlr, es stetla encvl, tgl usl cj e Hmscprcstc` jcr e ZNEF ms BCQ sejl. Mb e feslfcbtrc``la stuay cj <5> wchlb ettlhptmbi ZNEF, <.:% cj wchlb rlflmvmbi Hmscprcstc` gea syhptchetmf utlrmbl rupturl fchperla tc ;.>% cj wchlb gevmbi e Qrme` cj @encr wmtgcut Hmscprcstc`. Mt ms GMIG@] rlfchhlbala tc BCQ usl e Hmscprcstc` jcr ZNEF mbauftmcb (^etg & Qsmdcures, >;57).
[eil | 95
Jc`ly Nu`n- E she`` fetgltlr tget ms mbslrtla mbtc tgl flrvmx, wglrl cbl smal cj tgl fetgltlr ms alj`etla. Cbfl ycur prcvmalr mbslrts mt mbtc tgl flrvmx, tgly wm`` tglb mbj`etl t gl ne``ccb wmtg se`mbl. Qgms feusls prlssurl cb ycur flrvmx eba wm`` lbfcureil ycur flrvmx tc am`etl. ]cu hust nl am`etla e `mtt`l (5fh) tc mbslrt tgl Jc`ly. \sue``y e Jc`ly Nu`n wm`` gl`p tgl flrvmx am`etl (hlamfmbl/arui jrll) tc encut 6-1, schltmhls
[mtcfmb? E sybtgltmf vlrsmcb cj Cxytcfmb. Cxytcfmb ms tgl gcrhcbl tget ycur ncay beture``y prcaufls tc mbaufl fcbtreftmcbs, fcbtreftmcbs, es wl`` es slrvmbi es tgl jehcus ‐`cvl‘ gcrhcbl. [mtcfmb ms eahmbmstlrla vme MZ eba mbfrlesls tgl jrlqulbfy eba strlbitg cj fcbtreftmcbs wgmfg feb feusl am`etmcb. Mt ms typmfe``y stertla et >h`. Jcr ZNEF hctglrs, wl rlfchhlba stertmbi cb tgl `cwlst acsl pcssmn`l, 5h`. [rcvmalrs wm`` up tgl [mtcfmb s`cw`y ubtm` fcbtreftmcbs gevl epplerla tc rlefg e icca pettlrb, typmfe``y >-6 hmbutls epert, `estmbi :; slfcbas eba erl strcbi lbcuig tc frletl flrvmfe` fgebil. Mj tcc hufg [mtcfmb ms imvlb, mt feb remsl rmsds cj jlte` amstrlss eba utlrmbl rupturl. Vchltgmbi mhpcrtebt tc dbcw ms mj tgl flrvmx fl rvmx ms bct ‐jevcren`l‘ cr ‐scjt‘, prcvmalrs wm`` usue``y cpt jcr ebctglr cptmcb prmcr tc stertmbi [mtcfmb. Cbfl cb [mtcfmb, mt ms mhpcrtebt tc dbcw tgl hctglr hust nl strmft`y hcbmtcrla eba rlhemb mb cr bler glr nla ub`lss tglrl erl wmrl`lss hcbmtcrs. [mtcfmb f eb e`weys nl turbla cjj. Vchltmhls, cbfl tgl ncay dmfds mbtc ‐`encr iler‘, [mtcfmb ms bc `cbilr bllala. E smib tget tgl ncay ms wlmigmbi glevy cb [mtcfmb ms mj mt ms sgut cjj eba `encr sllhs tc stcp cr s`cw smibmjmfebt`y. j`uma, neny, eba Nrledmbi tgl Yetlr? Qgl ehbmctmf sef `mbls tgl utlrus eba gcusls tgl ehbmctmf j`uma, p`eflbte. Mt prcvmals e nerrmlr tc mbjlftmcb jcr tgl neny aurmbi prlibebfy eba fusgmcbs tgl neny wglb tgl hctglr hcvls. Mt ms heal up cj tgl ehbmcb eba tgl fgcrmcb. Yglb tgl nei ms nrcdlb, mt fcbtembs ehbmctmf j`uma, wgmfg ges fglhmfe`s eba gcrhcbls. Yglb rl`lesla, ms `mdl`y wm`` stmhu`etl `encr. [gysmfe``y, tgl nei cj wetlrs feb pr cvmal e fusgmcb nltwllb tgl neny” neny”s glea eba tgl flrvmx sc wglb mt ms rlhcvla, neny”s glea wm`` epp`y mtsl`j eiembst tgl flrvmx. Ygl b fcbtreftmcbs gepplb, mt wm`` feusl
[eil | 9>
prlssurl tc tgl flrvmx wgmfg wm`` tglb feusl am`etmcb cj tgl flrvmx. Vchltmhls wglb tgl nei cj wetlrs nrleds, mj tgl ncay ms bct rleay, mt hey tedl tmhl jcr tgl gcrhcbls tc dmfd mb tl``mbi tgl ncay mt”s tmhl tc gevl e neny. E`sc, mj neny ms bct mb eb cptmhe` pcsmtmcb, mt feb feusl `encr tc sgcw/gevl mrrliu`er pettlrbs, s`cwlr am`etmcb aul tc tgl prlssurl cb tgl flrvmx nlmbi wledlr, nefd `encr, mbfrlesl rmsd cj mbjlftmcb, eba r emsl fgebfls cj e F-slftmcb.
Ctglr Bcb-Mbauftmcb ^l`etla Mbtlrvlbtmcbs M\[F (mbtreutlrmbl prlssurl fetgltlr) ms e alvmfl p`efla mbtc tgl ehbmctmf spefl, nltwllb tgl utlrus eba tgl neny, aurmbi `encr tc hlesurl tgl strlbitg cj utlrmbl fcbtreftmcbs. Mt wm`` altlrhmbl mj tgl strlbitg cj tgl fcbtreftmcbs ms strcbi lbcuig tc feusl smibmjmfebt flrvmfe` fgebil. Qglrl ms eb mbfrlesla rmsd cj hetlrbe` mbjlftmcb eba jlvlr wgmfg remsls rmsd cj F-slftmcb.
JVL ms e she`` l`lftrcal tget icls mbtc tgl sfe`p4 e spmre` wmrl p`efla amrlft`y cb tgl jlte` sfe`p. Jlte` Vfe`p L`lftrcal p`eys e dly rc`l mb mbtrepertuh jlte` survlm``ebfl wglb tglrl ms e bcb-rlessurmbi jlte` glert retl. Qgms lsslbtme``y feb gl`p evcma e Flserleb mj tgl lxtlrbe` hcbmtcrs erl bct rleambi e ve`ma glert retl. Nlmbi p`efla cb tgl jlte` sfe`p puts e jltus et rmsd cj sfe`p ensflss nut acls bct prcvmal e rcutl cj esflbambi mbjlftmcb tc tgl hetlr be` utlrus.
Lpmaure`? Eb lpmaure` n`cfd ms e buhnmbi hlamfmbl imvlb ny mbolftmcb (sgct) mb t gl nefd. Mt buhns cr feusls e `css cj jll`mbi mb tgl `cwlr ge`j ycur ncay. Qgms `lsslbs tgl pemb cj fcbtreftmcbs aurmbi fgm`anmrtg. Mt feb `lsslb tgl slbsetmcb cj e fcbtreftmcb eba gl`p e `encrmbi hch rl`ex. Mj tgl hctglr ms vlry buhn jrch tgl n`cfd, sgl hey gevl e geralr tmhl nlermbi acwb tc pusg tgl neny tgrcuig tgl nmrtg febe`. Fcbtreftmcbs hey `lsslb cr s`cw acwb jcr e `mtt`l wgm`l, nut `encr wm`` stm`` hcvl e`cbi es mt sgcu`a. Mb schl fesls, mt hey lvlb ic jestlr. Mj `encr s`cws acwb, tgl prcvmalr feb imvl schl hlamfmbl tc splla up fcbtreftmcbs. Mt ms nlst tc wemt ubtm` eftmvl `encr tc gevl tgl l pmaure` p`efla. BCQL? ]cur f`mlbt hey sgmvlr ejtlr eb lpmaure`, nut tgms ms fchhcb. Heby wchlb sgmvlr aurmbi `encr lvlb wmtgcut eb lpmaure`.
Jlbteby` ms e sybtgltmf cpmetl tget prcvmals hm`a tc hcalretl slaetmcb wgmfg nrmbis hm`a rl`mlj aurmbi fcbtreftmcbs eba tedls tgl lail cjj. Mt `ests jcr 6;-1< hmbutls. Hctglr eba neny f eb lxplrmlbfl schl
[eil | 96
slaetmcb eba/cr beusle. beusle. Effcrambi tc Aebjcrtg”s Cnstltrmfs eba Iyblfc`ciy, nenmls ncrb tc hctglrs wgc usla Jlbteby` tc rl`mlvl pemb aurmbi `encr wlrl `lss `mdl`y tc blla Be`cxcbl (hlamfetmcb tc gl`p wmtg nrletgmbi) tgeb nenmls ncrb tc hctglrs wgc usla Alh lrc`. Aul tc mts slaetmvl beturl, Jlbteby` wm`` bct nl eahmbmstlrla ub`lss tglrl wm`` nl et `lest twc gcurs nljcrl tgl neny ms ncrb mb cralr tc evcma tgl slaetmvl ljjlfts nlmbi prlslbt mb tgl neny wglb mt ms ncrb.
Essmstla Zeimbe` Al`mvlry- Mb essmstla veimbe` al`mvlry, e alvmfl, sufg es jcrflps cr e vefuuh, ms usla tc essmst tgl hch aurmbi al`mvlry tc efgmlvl e veimbe` nmrtg. Epprcxmhetl`y 6% cj al`mvlrmls mb tgl \V erl cplretmvl veimbe` al`mvlrmls (EFCI, >;5:). Qgl cvlre`` retl cj cplretmvl veimbe` al`mvlrmls ms icmbi acwb4 gcwlvlr, wl erl sllmbi sll mbi eb mbfrlesl mb vefuuh-essmstla al`mvlrmls wgmfg bcw effcubts jcr e`hcst jcur tmhls tgl retl cj jcrflps-essmstla jc rflps-essmstla veimbe` nmrtgs. E veimbe` nmrtg feb nl essmstla, nut wglb ms mt epprcprmetl3 Vmtuetmcbs mbf`ual? prc`cbila pusgmbi wmtg `efd cj prcirlss jcr tgrll gcurs wmtg rlimcbe` eblstglsme (ilblre``y eb lpmaure`) cr twc gcurs jcr wchlb wmtgcut4 suspmfmcb tget tgl jltus hey nl fchprchmsla sufg es tgl glert retl ms bct rlfcvl rmbi cr ges e bcb-rlessurmbi pettlrb4 tgl vefuuh hey nl usla l`lftmvl`y tc sgcrtlb tgl slfcba steil cj `encr nlfeusl cj hetlrbe` feramcvesfu`er cr blurc`cimf amslesl, eba ms bct wl`` aljmbla wmtg hetlrbe` lxgeustmcb. Mj tgl neny ges schl ubalr`ymbi jlte` amscralrs, sufg es e n`llambi amscralr cr e alhmblre`mzmbi amslesl, eb cplretmvl veimbe` al`mvlry hey bct nl epprcprmetl. Mj tgl flrvmx ges bct am`etla fchp`ltl`y, hlhnrebls erl stm`` mbteft, cr tgl neny”s glea ges bct lbieila wl`` mbtc tgl pl`vms. Mj tgl neny ges e he`prlslbtetmcb, sufg es nrllfg, trebsvlrsl cr jefme` prlslbtetmcb, mt hey e`sc nl fcbtreamftmcb es tc wgy eb essmstla nmrtg hey bct que`mjy.
U \MFD \MFD ^LZMLY Yget acls tgl N.^.E.M.B. efrcbyh steba jcr3
Yget erl schl weys ycu feb gl`p ycur f`mlbts hedl epprcprmetl alfmsmcbs jcr tglmr nmrtg3
[eil | 91
[eil | 9<
[eil | 9:
[eil | 99
M dblw tglrl wes e splfme` neny hmssmbi jrch cur jehm`y. Cbl hcrbmbi, M wcdl up wmtg e fe`h, pleflju` jll`mbi. Mb hy hmba”s lyl, M sew tgl swllt `mtt`l cut`mbl cj e neny efrcss tgl rcch mb e `mtt`l gcspmte` nessmblt. M jl`t e vlry f`ler prchptmbi fchl mbtc hy hmba? ‐Mb encut smx hcbtgs, ycu blla tc stert trymbi tc gevl e neny. Eba ycu blla tc ic tc [crtbluj Gcspmte`.‘ Gcspmte`.‘ M'h e ZNE>F hch. M'vl M 'vl gea e F-slftmcb wmtg e splfme` sfer (eb mbvlrtla Q mbfmsmcb), e rlplet F-slft mcb, eba et tgl tmhl, M gea gea tgrll ZNE>Fs, wgmfg wlrl ettlbala tc ny ehezmbi hmawmjl, Fgrms Hm``lr, mb Cialb, \teg. Oust cvlr smx hcbtgs `etlr, M wes lxplftmbi neny buhnlr smx. M dl pt slfcba-iulssmbi tgl tgcuigts tget gea fchl mbtc hy hmba, nut dblw M bllala tc jc``cw wget M gea jl`t. M amsfcvlrla tget [crtbluj [c rtbluj stm`` cb`y e``cwla ZNEF ejtlr cbl F-slftmcb. M gea glera irlet tgmbis encut e flrtemb acftcr tglrl, Ar. Fcx. M wes sc blrvcus jcr hy jmrst eppcmbthlbt tget M esdla hy gusneba jcr e n`lssmbi (e splfme` preylr cjjlrla tc e plrscb ny e prmlstgcca-gc`alr mb tgl Fgurfg cj Olsus F grmst cj @ettlr-aey Vembts). Qgl wcras cj tgl n`lssmbi hlbtmcbla tget tgl acftcr wcu`a nl tglrl tc gl`p hl eba eavcfetl jcr hl. hl . M lxplftla tc nl turbla ewey, eba tglb M fcu`a sey M gea et `lest acbl hy pert. Cbl cj tgl jmrst tgmbis tgl acftcr sema wes tget gl suppcrtla hy f gcmfl eba tget gl eirlla wmtg tgl petg M gea tedlb. Gl tc`a hl tget gl wcu`a tedl hl cb, c b, nut tget ubjcrtubetl`y gms gebas wlrl tmla nlfeusl cj gcspmte` pc`mfy. Ejtlr `levmbi jcr e nmt, gl fehl nefd mbtc tgl rcch. Gl sema tget tgl ctglr gcspmte`s mb tgl erle gea fgebila tglmr pc`mfy tc ZNEF ejtlr twc Flserlebs, eba tget mt wes ‐oust ‐o ust rmamfu`cus‘ tget tgly geab”t es wl``. Gl tc`a hl tget mj M wlrl wm``mbi tc nl mb `mhnc, gl wes icmbi tc try eba fgebil mt. M gea jrmlbas esdmbi hl tgl wgc`l prlibebfy encut tgl pc`mfy eba mt w es dmba cj jubby, nut M wesb”t tcc wcrrmla encut mt. M oust jl`t `mdl mt wcu`a wcrd cut. M jl`t rle``y beuslcus eba amzzy tgl l btmrl prlibebfy. Epert jrch tget, hy `ens eba l vlrytgmbi wlrl fchp`ltl`y bcrhe`. Ejtlr encut e hcbtg cj jll`mbi rl e``y wl``, M stertla tc alvl`cp nea sw l``mbi. M wes fcbflrbla, nlfeusl tgl cb`y prlibebfy wglrl M gea swl``mbi `mdl tgms wes hy jmrst, wgmfg lbala mb e Fslftmcb ejtlr eb mbauftmcb jcr prllf`ehpsme. M t rmla tc up hy prctlmb, armbd tcbs cj w etlr, eba ac tgl tgmbis tget gl`p tc gc`a mt cjj. M gevl ehezmbi jrmlbas tget gl`pla wmtg lbfcureilhlbt eba eavmfl. M rle``y tgmbd tglsl rlhlamls s`cwla tgl prcflss. M gea cbl eppcmbthlbt wmtg tgl bursl hmawmvls tgl wlld hy acftcr wes cut cj tcwb, eba surl lbcuig, M gea pr ctlmbs, rmsmbi n`cca prlssurl, eba e ouhp mb wlmigt. M gea tc ac eaamtmcbe` `ens eba wlbt nefd tc hy acftcr e fcup`l cj aeys `etl r. Qget wes wglb gl tc`a hl tget tgl pc`mfy gea pessla. Nlfeusl hy `ens wl rl stm`` cdey, wl wlrl en`l tc fcbtmbul tc wetfg eba fglfd mb. Yl gubi mb tglrl jcr e wlld cr twc eba tglb M ama e >1-gcur urmbl tlst. M preyla cb tgl wey tc hy blxt eppcmbthlbt tget M wcu`a wc u`a dbcw wget tc ac eba tget tgl acftcr wcu`a dbcw wget tc ac. M fehl mb eba Ar. Fcx tc`a hl tget t get bct cb`y wes tgl pc`mfy wes cjjmfme``y mb p`efl, nut gl e`sc gea tgl rlsu`ts cj
[eil | 97
tgl >1-gcur urmbl tlst. Gms iumal`mbls sema mhhlametl al`mvlry jcr +> prctlmbs cr gmiglr ejtlr 61 6 1 wllds, eba hmbl wes +:. Gl sema wl wc u`a al`mvlr tgl jc``cwmbi aey‑ aey‑nut mbstlea cj e F-slftmcb, wl fcu`a try e ilbt`l mbauftmcb. M wes 6< wllds wlld s eba sc sferla. M jl`t `mdl M wes jem`mbi hy neny nlfeusl hy ncay wesb”t fccplretmbi eba tget gl gea hl es e nrcdlb vlssl`. Ar. Fcx mbslrtla e Jc`ly nu`n fetgltlr tc gl`p wmtg am`etmcb, ievl hl e stlrcma sgct, eba slbt hl gchl ejtlr tgly wlrl en`l tc ilt e `cwlr n`cca prlssurl rleambi. Qgl Jc`ly fetgltlr pcppla cut ejtlr jcur gcurs. M wes gevmbi `mtt`l fcbtreftmcbs, nut bctgmbi slrmcus. M jmbe``y fe``la hy acu`e4 acu`e4 M gea nllb wemtmbi jcr tgl pc`mfy fgebil, sc M geab”t slt up eb cjjmfme` p`eb wmtg glr. M lbala up tlxtmbi glr et 55?;; 5 5?;; p.h. Hy hch fehl tc stey et cur gcusl eba wl `ljt mb tgl hcrbmbi. M wes sc wllpy eba ejrema tget M fcu`ab”t let. M jl`t `mdl M wes jef jefmbi mbi tgl jlers cj tgl vlry tgmbi tget stertla hy jmrst nmrtg eba F-slftmcb. Mt tccd cvlr eb gcur tc ilt tgl neny cb tgl hcbmtcr nlfeusl gl dlpt hcvmbi. Yl ama e she`` acsl cj [mtcfmb eba tgly e`sc gea tc ac heiblsmuh. Hy gusneba wes vlry suppcrtmvl eba tgl stejj wes bmfl. Qgl glea bursl gea tc fchl mb tc gl`p wmtg tgl hcbmtcr eba sgl dmba cj sferla hl encut icmbi beture` nlfeusl cj hy n`cca prlssurl eba sema tget M fcu`ab”t hcvl tcc hufg nlfeusl cj mt4 M hey blla eb lpmaure` tc dllp mt acwb. M wes tlrrmjmla tc ic beture` mb tgms lbvmrcbhlbt, nut e`sc tlr rmjmla tc ilt pemb rl`mlj nlfeusl M”a e`sc lxplrmlbfla lx plrmlbfla e jem`la spmbe`, wgmfg `la tc ilblre` ebl stglsme, eba e jem`la lpmaure` mb tgl pest. Qgly gea tc ilt il t hl bcsl arcps nlfeusl M wes w es sc stujjy jrch frymbi. M wes eb lhctmcbe` wrlfd. M alfmala tc nl cplb tc wget M bllala tc ac. Hy acu`e, ^cnyb, sema tget sgl fcu`a fchl rmigt et tgl nlimbbmbi cr ebytmhl M bllala glr. M jl`t sc lhctmcbe``y jreim`l tget M e`hcst wes ejrema tc fe``. Yget mj M fcu`ab”t geba`l mt eba bllala eba bllala tc ilt pemb hlas3 Vgl fehl mb, fe`hla hl acwb, gea hy gusneba iren schl `ubfg, runnla hy jllt, eba ama e fe`hmbi hlamtetmcb. Vgl e`sc rlessurla hl tget sgl wes tglrl tc suppcrt hl bc hettlr wget. Mt”s ehezmbi gcw tgl prlslbfl cj cbl plrscb feb tcte``y tcte``y mhpeft tgl lbtmrl rcch. Mbstlea cj jler, M jl`t plefl bcw. M gea e fglfd f`csl tc 5>, eba wes stm`` vlry gmig eba heynl >fh. Hy wetlr wes nr cdlb4 tgl [mtcfmb amab”t jll` `mdl mt wes acmbi tcc hufg, nut M amab”t `lt cb. Qglb, es t gl fcbtreftmcbs pmfdla up, pmfdla up, M gea hy gusneba tc gc`a cbtc eba ^cnyb tc put prlssurl c b hy nefd. Vgl dlpt us nctg fe`h. M wes en`l tc rl`ex mbtc hy fcbtreftmcbs alspmtl nlmbi tmla tc eb MZ eba e hcbmtcr. M eirlla tc eb mbtlrbe` hcbmtcr, wgmfg wes e `ct lesmlr tc wcrd wmtg. M wcu`a gevl trmla geralr tc evcma fcbtmbucus hcbmtcrmbi, nut nlfeusl cj hy prllf`ehpsme eba nlmbi e ZNEF hch, M alfmala tc `lt tglh wmb cb tget. Hy `mtt`l nmrtg tleh cj twc wes wcbalrju`. Hy gusneba eba M nctg eirlla tget acu`es erl ehezmbi. Nlsmals e rle``y cnbcxmcus eblstglsmc`cimst fchmbi mb, tgl blxt fcup`l cj gcurs wlrl qumlt eba pleflju`. M fcu`a jll` tgl fcbtreftmcbs fcbtref tmcbs ilttmbi strcbilr eba esdla jcr e fgl fd. 9fh! M gcpla M wesb”t tcc hufg `cbilr, eba ejtlr 6; hmbutls, M jl`t tgl blla tc pusg.
[eil | 9=
Qgly webtla hl tc al`mvlr mb tgl C^ oust mb fesl, sc M tc`a tglh tgly bllala tc tl`` t gl acftcr. Bc cbl sllhla mb e gurry, nut M wes prltty surl M wes fchp`ltl. M yl``la jcr e veimbe` fglfd eba tgl rlsmalbt acftcr eirlla tget M wes fchp`ltl. M wes cb e`` jcurs cb tgl nla, oust gcpmbi tc pusg cut e neny rmigt tglb. Qgl acftcr fehl mb, eba ubjcrtubetl`y tgl glea bursl dlpt beiimbi hl tc j`mp cvlr4 M jmbe``y rl`lbtla. Mt wes ewju`. Qgl acftcr sema tget wl wcu`a nl steymbi mb tgms rcch. Yglb M j`mppla cvlr, M effmalbte``y rmppla cut hy MZ eba M amab't lvlb jll` mt. M gea e she`` `mp cb hy fl rvmx, eba neny wes pcstlrmcr. Qgly put hl up cb hy nla eba ict tgl stmrrups, cbl wgmfg M nrcdl schlgcw. M gea e bursl trymbi tc rlp`efl tgl MZ, schlcbl fglfdmbi hy n`cca prlssurl, lmigt cr sc plcp`l mb tgl rcch, e`` wgm`l trymbi tc pusg. Mt wes sc amjjmfu`t. [`us, M wes pusgmbi upgm``, wgm`l tgly wlrl trymbi tc rctetl hy neny. Vchlgcw, M wes en`l tc pusg gmh cut, eba gevl gmh cb hy fglst. Gl wes frymbi mbstebt`y eba M jl`t ehezmbi rl`mlj. M bllala oust e fcup`l cj stmtfgls. M glhcrrgeila e `mtt`l, nut mt amab”t sl lh tcc nea fchperla tc hy ctglr al`mvlrmls. Qgl neny gea r le``y `cw n`cca suier, sc gl gea tc ic mbtc tgl BMF\. Qgms wes amjjmfu`t, nut M wes n`lssla wmtg ehezmbi pcstpertuh bursls tget wlrl sc dmba eba fchjcrtmbi. Cbl lvlb errebila jcr hl tc stey twc lxtre bmigts mb eb lxtre rcch sc M amab”t gevl tc `levl hy neny ylt. Gl lbala up bllambi e jllambi tunl jcr e jlw aeys, eba tglb cxyilb. Gl gea e tgrll-wlld BMF\ stey eba ms furrlbt`y furrlbt`y gchl cb e pcrtmcb cj cxyilb. Mt”s nllb eb lhctmcbe` rmal, nut tgebdju``y, gl ms nrlestjllambi wl`` eba ms e`lrt eba eftmvl. Qglrl gevl nllb heby tlbalr hlr fmls eba wcbalrju` plcp`l gl`pmbi cur jehm`y. Cbl hcrbmbi, cb hy armvl tc tgl BMF\, M glera tgl wcras cj tgms Fgrmstmeb scbi, eba mt rle``y tcufgla hy glert. ‐Nljcrl M spcdl e wcra, ]cu wlrl smbimbi cvlr hl.
]cu gevl nllb sc, sc icca tc hl, Nljcrl M tccd e nrletg, ]cu nrletgla ]cur `mjl mb hl, ]cu gevl nllb sc, sc dmba tc hl.‘
(^lfd`lss @cvl ny Fcry Esnury) M fcu`a sll tget Glevlb`y Jetglr ferla lbcuig encut tgl nmrtg cj tgms `mtt`l cbl tc tl`` hl hcbtgs mb eavebfl wglb gl bllala tc fchl eba wglrl tc ic. Gl lvlb pevla tgl wey jcr e pc`mfy fgebil tc tedl p`efl. Lvlb tgcuig mt wes gera eba M gea sc hufg ebxmlty, M jll` sc n`lssla.
[eil | 7;
ZM. ZNEF @ENC^
N
mrtg ms schltgmbi tget, ubjcrtubetl`y, feb”t nl feb”t nl tcte``y prlamftla. Lvlb aurmbi schltgmbi `mdl e sfglau`la F-slftmcb, wl gevl bc wey cj tl ``mbi tgl cutfchl ubtm` tgl neny ms glrl. @encr `ccds amjjlrlbt jcr lvlrycbl eba mt” mt ”s gera tc prlamft gcw `cbi `encr hey `est, wget tgl fcbtreftmcb
pettlrb wm`` `ccd `mdl, eba wget mbtlrvlbtmcbs hey tedl p`efl. Vchltgmbi mhpcrtebt tc dllp mb hmba ms tget e wcheb”s ncay ms bct e rcnct r cnct cr e tmhl f`cfd. Vchltmhls Vchltmhls tgmbis ubrevl` eba ic e amjjlrlbt petg tgeb wl gea gcpla. Qglrl erl schl tgmbis, es e acu`e, ycu sgcu`a dbcw tc pey ettlbtmcb tc wglb ycur f`mlbt ms mb `encr.
Yglb ycur F`mlbt”s Aul Aetl Epprcefgls Qgl lba cj tgl tgmra trmhlstlr t rmhlstlr feb nl lsplfme``y strlssju` wglb wemtmbi jcr e ZNEF. Vchl prcvmalrs stert te`dmbi encut sfglau`mbi mbauftmcbs eba/cr e rlplet Flserleb es ler `y es 6>/61 wllds. Qgms feb rle``y tgrcw e tmrla prlibebt hch jcr e `ccp. Es wl te`dla encut mb slft mcb MZ, mbauftmcb ms e gct tcpmf mb tgl ZNEF wcr`a, eba es ycur f`mlbt epprcefgls 6=-1; wllds, mt feb stert tc jll` `mdl tglrl ms e tmhlf`cfd cb tglmr nmrtg. Qgms ms tgl tmhl wglrl prcvmalrs ilt ebxmcus eba jrmlbas eba jehm`y stert esdmbi tglh mj tgly gevl gea tgl neny ylt, eba `est-hmbutl lhctmcbe` trmiilrs ermsl. Qc perlbts epprcefgmbi tglmr aul aetl, mt ms mhpcrtebt tc rlhmba tglh tc stey ircubala eba jcfusla. ^lessurl tglh? tgly gevl prlperla jcr tgms. Qgly dbcw mb tglmr hmba wget ms jeftue``y fcrrlft. Qgly dbcw mb tglmr glert eba iut i ut wget tgl nlst fgcmfls erl jcr tglmr jehm`y. Gl`p tglh tc trust tgcsl tgmbis, bcw hcrl tgeb lvlr. ]cu gevl wcrdl a wmtg tglh tgrcuig tgl prlperetmcb prcflss. \sl wget ycu gevl `lerbla encut tglh splfmjmfe``y tc iumal tglh tgrcuig mj tgly ilt qulstmcbla ny jehm`y, jrmlbas, cr l vlb tglmr prcvmalr. Mj p`ebs blla tc f gebil, tget”s cdey tcc, nut rlhmba ycur f`mlbts tget tgly erl tgl cbls hedmbi tgl alfmsmcbs. Mj mbauftmcb nlfchls blflssery jcr wgetlvlr rlescb et wgetlvlr ilstetmcb, suiilst tget tgly spled wmtg tglmr prcvmalr encut cptmcbs tget erl evem`en`l eba stert wmtg t gl `cwlst, s`cwlst cptmcb pcssmn`l. Yl gevl sllb ehezmbi sufflss wmtg tgl jc``cwmbi hltgca? 5. Cutpetmlbt Jc`ly Nu`n. Qgms ms wglrl tgly mbslrt tgl Jc`ly nu`n mbtc tgl flrvmx eba tglb slba tglh gchl wmtg mbstruftmcbs tc fchl nefd wglb mt je``s cut. BCQL? E `ct cj prcvmalrs mb gcspmte`s
[eil | 75
[eil | 7>
>. wm`` bct e``cw tgl hch tc `levl cbfl tgl Jc`ly mbauftmcb ges stertla, tgl h ch hey gevl tc stey mb tgl gcspmte`. 6. Ejtlr tgl Jc`ly nu`n je``s cut, mj fcbtreftmcbs gevlb”t stertla ylt, ylt, rlqulst tc stert [mtcfmb s`cw`y eba cb e `cw acsl. Vtertmbi et e ;.< cr 5 ubmt eba uppmbi mt ny tget ehcubt lvlry 1< hmbutls ms e irlet ilbt`l buail tc `lt tgl ncay dbcw mts nlmbi esdla tc gevl e neny. 1. Cbfl tglmr ncay ms mb e rliu`er rl iu`er fcbtreftmcb pettlrb eba tgly erl mb eftmvl `encr, mt ms rlescben`l tc esd jcr [mtcfmb tc nl turbla t urbla acwb cr lvlb cjj fchp`ltl`y. Cjtlb, cbfl [mtcfmb ges gl`pla tgmbis ilt stertla, fcbtreftmcbs dllp icmbi wmtgcut tget eaamtmcbe` stmhu`etmcb. Qgms ms bct tgl cb`y wey e ilbt`l eba s`cw mbauftmcb feb gepplb, nut mt ms e irlet cptmcb eba usue``y wcrds vlry wl``. Vchltmhls, s`cw mbauftmcb ms bct e`weys pcssmn`l cr evem`en`l, nut rlhmba t glh tget es `cbi es tgl hch eba eba neny erl sejl, mt”s rlescben`l tc rlqulst.
Vuppcrtmbi e ZNEF F`mlbt wmtg eb Lpmaure` Yglb hcvlhlbt ms rlstrmftla aul tc eb lpmaure`, mt feb hedl tgmbis hcrl amjjmfu`t, nut bct mhpcssmn`l, tc gl`p neny ilt mb e icca spct. Qglrl erl stm`` sc heby nlbljmts tc gevmbi e acu`e, lvlb wmtg eb lpmaure`. Gmstcrmfe``y, eb lpmaure` rlstrmftla e hch jrch eby c r hcst hcvlhlbt, hlebmbi sgl wcu`a bct nl en`l tc ac hufg hcrl tgeb `ey smal-tc-smal cr lvlb j`et cb tgl nefd mb tgl nla. Qglsl aeys, eblstglsmc`cimsts gevl heal mt pcssmn`l jcr tglsl wchlb tc nl en`l tc jll` fchjcrten`l wgm`l e`sc stm`` nlmbi en`l tc gevl schl strlbitg mb tglmr `lis eba h cvl ercuba nut rlhemb rlstrmftla tc tgl nla. Mt”s rlfchhlbala tc fgebil pcsmtmcbs lvlry 6;-1< hmbutls. BCQL? Mj e hch ms s`llpmbi s`llpmbi eba fchjcrten`l, mt”s cdey tc `levl glr mb tget cbl pcsmtmcb ubtm` sgl wedls. ^l st ms sc mhpcrtebt eba feb ac sc hufg jcr tgl hch eba neny e`cbl.
[csmtmcbs wmtg eb lpmaure`? @ljt eba ^migt Vmal @ymbi cr Lxeiilretla Vmhs Ilt tgl hch”s gmps cb tgl jer smal cj tgl nla sc sgl feb rle``y lxeiilretl `eymbi cb tgl ctglr smal. Mt ms hcst male` tc gevl tgl erh nefd `mdl mb tgl Hm`ls Fmrfumt, wmtg tgl tc p cj tgl nla cb tgl j`ettlr lba tc e``cw hcvlhlbt jcr tgl neny. Mj pcssmn`l, p`efl e plebut ne`` nltwllb glr `lis, hedmbi surl tgl dbll ms bct cvlr tgl tmps tc evcma stremb cb tgl nefd. Vwmtfgmbi smals wmtg e tgrcbl cr smttmbi up pcsmtmcb mb tgl hmaa`l ms male`.
[eil | 76
Qgrcbl Qgrcbl ms wglrl tgl hctglr ms smttmbi stremigt up. Ilt glr nuh es f`csl tc tgl nefd cj tgl t gl nla es pcssmn`l, suppcrtla wmtg pm``cws cb glr upplr nefd. Arcp tgl l ba cj tgl nla wmtg glr dblls mb e nuttlrj`y pcsmtmcb. Qgms gl`ps hch `lt irevmty ac tgl wcrd jcr glr eba ilt neny hcrl lbieila.
Essmstla Vquet ]cu hey nl tgmbdmbi, tgmbdmbi, ‐YGEQ3 E hch wmtg eb lpmaure` squettmbi3‘ Qrust us, mt hey scuba frezy, nut mt ms pcssmn`l. Qgl stejj `mdl`y hey bct webt glr tc t ry, nut mj sgl jll`s strcbi lbcuig, tgms ms e icca pcsmtmcb tc `encr eba pusg mb. Dllp tgl nla slt up `mdl ycu wcu`a gevl mt mb e tgrcbl pcsmtmcb. Esd jcr e squet ner tc ettefg tc tgl nla eba imvl i mvl mt e try. ]cu feb ilt e sgllt cr e rlnczc eba put mt ubalr hch”s ncttch cr `lis eba wglb alsmrla cr wglb mt ms tmhl tc pusg. [ertblr cb cbl smal, w mtg ycu cb tgl ctglr, sgl `lebs jcrwera cbtc tgl ner eba tgl twc cj ycu gc`a glr up wmtg t gl lbas cj tgl fgcslb jenrmf. Yglb sgl ms acbl, ycu tglb essmst glr nefd cbtc tgl nla mb e sletla pcsmtmcb cr cb tgl lail cj tgl nla.
^lnczc Vmjtmbi Mj ycur f`mlbt ms en`l tc hcvl wl`` eba turb tc tglmr gebas eba dblls, ycu feb put tgl nefd cj t gl nla up eba `lt tglh `leb cvlr mt wgm`l ycu cr tglmr pertblr suppcrt t gl dblls jrch s`mambi eba tgl ctglr plrscb plrjcrhs ‐sgedmbi tgl epp`ls‘. ]cu feb e`sc smjt ercuba tgl nl``y ilbt`y. Qglsl pcsmtmcbs feb gl`p feb gl`p pcstlrmcr nenmls rctetl eba lbieil. ]cu feb jmba hcrl cb lefg cj tglsl tlfgbmquls tlf gbmquls jcr rlnczc smjtmbi et
spmbbmbinenmls.fch. Eaamtmcbe` mbjcrhetmcb encut tgl rlnczc? Ac bct usl tgl rlnczc mj ycur f`mlbt ges rcuba `miehlbts tget erl tmigt cr frehpmbi cr mj tglrl ms e wcrry encut lxflssmvl l xflssmvl n`llambi. Ms tgly gevl eb ebtlrmcr p`eflbte, evcma eiirlssmvl eba/cr repma smjtmbi.
Qui-cj-Yer Ygm`l [usgmbi \smbi ycur rlnczc cr e sgllt, wrep mt ercuba tgl squet ner eba gl`p ycur f`mlbt p`efl glr jllt cb tgl ner, sgl gc`as cb tc tgl lba eba pu``s tc essmst glr mb pusgmbi.
Laufetmcb! Vchltmhls, wglb eb lpmaure` fchls mbtc p`ey, ctglr mbtlrvlbtmcbs feb fchl up. Gl`pmbi glr usl glr N^EMB mb e`` sflbermcs feb gl`p glr `ccd nefd et tgl lxplrmlbfl dbcwmbi sgl wes mb fcbtrc` eba jl`t
[eil | 71
lhpcwlrla. Ebctglr irlet tgmbi tc laufetl cb ms lpmaure`s tglhsl`vls. Gl`pmbi ycur f`mlbts dbcw wget tc lxplft feb gl`p l`mhmbetl eby strlss cr jler mj tgl stejj rlefts qumfd`y.
Lpmaure` Vmal Ljjlfts •
Qgl hctglrs n`cca prlssurl feb arcp eba sc feb neny”s glert retl. Qgms ms schltgmbi bcrhe`
eba ms wetfgla f`csl`y sc mt aclsb”t arcp tcc `cw. `cw . •
mt”s bcrhe` jcr tgl ncay tc sgedl eba trlh n`l ejtlr rlflmvmbi eb lpmaure` l pmaure` eba es mt ms Qgl sgedls4 mt”s bcrhe` wlermbi cjj.
•
Mtfgmblss. Mt ms bcrhe` tc ilt mtfgy es tgmbis erl wlermbi cjj.
•
Qgl lpmaure` cb`y wcrdmbi cb cbl smal . Qgms ms wglrl tgl `encr pembs wm`` nl jl`t cb cbl smal wgm`l tgl ctglr smal ms buhn.
•
Bct wcrdmbi wl`` et e``. E`tgcuig vlry ubfchhcb, schl wchlb hey stm`` gevl e alf lbt ehcubt cj cr lvlb jll` e`` tgl `encr pemb.
Qgl Vmibs cj ^upturl \tlrmbl rupturl gepplbs mb ;.1% cj prl ibebfmls (Hctchure, >;59). E`tgcuig tgl fgebfls erl `cw, mt ms mhpcrtebt tc dbcw tgl smibs eba syhptchs nljcrl icmbi mbtc `encr. Mj sgl sllhs tc nl l xplrmlbfmbi eby cj tgl jc``cwmbi syhptchs, esd glr tc alsfrmnl mt tc glr ferl prcvmalr eba/cr bursl. Cjtlb, nlfeusl acu`es erl wmtg tgl hch tgl lbtmrl tmhl, tgly hey bctmfl tglsl tgl sl syhptchs nljcrl ebycbl l`sl. E`tgcuig tgms hey nl e gera cr sfery tgmbi tc te`d encut wmtg ycur f`mlbt, mt ms mhpcrtebt bct tc mibcrl mt, nlfeusl mt fcu`a hedl e nmi amjjlrlbfl mb schlcbl”s cutfchl. Es e hctglr mb `encr, mj ycur acu`e sew tgl smibs, wcu`a ycu webt tc dbcw3 Lvlry f `mlbt hey blla tc nl epprcefgla amjjlrlbt`y. Et tgms pcmbt mb tmhl, ycu sgcu`a gcplju``y dbcw tgl nlst wey tc te`d tc glr eba tl`` glr tgms blws. Vc gcw ac ycu tl`` glr3 Vmhp`y te`d tc glr. Ql`` glr wget ycu erl bctmfmbi eba esd glr gcw sgl”s jll`mbi. Gcw nea ms glr pemb3 Vgl hey bct e`weys lxplrmlbfl e `ct cj pemb et jmrst, eba glert tcbls hey e`sc bct nl arcppmbi. Nlfeusl cj tgms, dbcwmbi tgl smibs eba syhptchs nl`cw ms schltgmbi tget ms vlry mhpcrtebt. Mj sgl ms gevmbi eby cj tglsl syhptchs, mt hey nl icca jcr ycu tc lxprlss ycur fcbflrb tc glr mb e pcsmtmvl wey eba lbfcureil glr tc spled wmtg glr prcvmalr. ◃
Lxflssmvl veimbe` n`llambi4 glevmlr eba hcrl slvlrl tgeb eby plrmca ycu”vl gea
◃
Vuaalb sgerp pemb nltwllb fcbtreftmcbs
[eil | 7<
◃
Fcbtreftmcbs tget nlfchl s`cwlr cr `lss mbtlbsl mb eftmvl `encr ejtlr gevmbi e irlet pettlrb
◃
Enbcrhe` enachmbe` pemb cr scrlblss
◃
^lflssmcb cj tgl neny”s glea mbtc tgl nmrtg febe`
◃
Nu`imbi ubalr tgl punmf ncbl
◃
Vuaalb pemb et tgl smtl cj e prlvmcus utlrmbl sfer
◃
@css cj utlrmbl husf`l tcbl
◃
^epma glert retl, `cw n`cca prlssurl, eba sgcfd mb tgl hctglr
◃
Enbcrhe` glert retl mb tgl neny
◃
Jem`url cj `encr tc prcirlss beture``y
@encr Qmhmbi - Yget tc Lxplft Mt ms mhpcssmn`l tc tl`` gcw `cbi e `encr hey `est. Ychlb wgc erl gevmbi e ZNEF t get gevl bct gea eby prlvmcus veimbe` al`mvlrmls fcu`a nl `mdl e ‐jmrst‐jmrst -tmhl hch.‘ Mt”s e`sc mhpcrtebt tc rlhlh nlr tget bct e`` jmrst-tmhl hchs gevl `cbi `encrs, sc nlmbi ewerl cj glr fcbtreftmcb pettlrb ms mhpcrtebt. Qget sema, lvlb hchs wgc gevl gea veimbe` al`mvlrmls nljcrl hey bct gevl e jest `encr. [ rlpermbi ycur f`mlbt jcr e`` cutfchls ms e icca t gmbi, sc wglb tgly stert tglmr `encr, tgly acb”t gevl gmig lxplftetmcbs cj e `encr tget hey c r hey bct gepplb es jest es tgly gcpla. Es hlbtmcbla prlvmcus`y, jlte` pcsmtmcb hey p`ey e pert mb e `cbilr `encr. ^le``y laufetmbi ycur f`mlbt cb gcw tc gl`p ilt e neny mb eb cptmhe` jlte` pcsmtmcb prmcr tc `encr ms rle``y nlbljmfme`.
]cu Erl BCQ Qglrl tc Vevl Ebycbl Es e acu`e, mt ms fchhcb tc ilt il t ettefgla tc ycur f`mlbts. Qgms ms lsplfme``y trul wglb gl`pmbi schlcbl gle` jrch e nea nmrtg lxplrmlbfl. ]cu rle``y ilt tc dbcw tglh mbtmhetl`y wglb ycu hll t wmtg tglh mb tglmr prlbete` eppcmbthlbts. ]cu prcflss tglmr jlers tcil tglr eba alvl`cp e fcbblftmcb. Cbl cj tgl geralst tgmbis es e acu`e hey nl wgl b ycur f`mlbt ms wcrdmbi vlry gera tc efgmlvl glr arleh nmrtg eba tgmbis acb”t ic es p`ebbla. p`ebbla . Vchltmhls mbtlrvlbtmcbs erl fgcslb cr alfmsmcbs heal tget mbfrlesl tgl fgebfls cj e rlplet Flserleb. Mt ms mhpcrtebt tc rlhlhnlr ycu erl BCQ tglrl tglrl tc sevl ebycbl. Qget ms
[eil | 7:
wglb ycu, es tglmr acu`e, feb tru`y gl`p tglh rlspcba tc lefg lvlbt eba ve`maetl tglmr enm`mty tc hedl tglmr cwb fgcmfls. Lvlb mj tget tget fgcmfl ms e rlplet Flserleb. Lvlb mj ycu ycu tgmbd mt hmigt bct nl blflssery. Mj tgmbis acb”t ic es p`ebbla, mt”s vlry mhpcrtebt jcr ycu tc bct `lt mt c utwera`y ejjlft ycur suppcrt. Yl webt tc gl`p, nut wl febbct sevl lvlrycbl. Mt ms sc hufg lesmlr tc nl lhctmcbe``y mbvlstla mb e ZNEF hch”s nmrtg4 schl cj tgl allplst fcbblftmcbs wl”vl heal wmtg f`mlbts gevl fchl t grcuig ZNEF ocurblys. Gcwlvlr, mt ms stm`` mhpcrtebt tc amsfcbblft ycursl`j jrch tgl cutfchl cj tgl nmrtg. nmrtg. ]cu feb”t webt e splfmjmf typl cj nmrtg hcrl tgeb tgly ac.
[rlpermbi jcr e ^lplet Flserleb ]cu”rl mb tgl rcch wmtg ycur f `mlbt(s). Yget ac ycu ac3 Gcw ac ycu epprcefg e jehm`y3 Qgms hey nl e gera tgmbi tc ac, nut e acu`e feb tru`y gl`p tgms hchlbt nl e nlttlr cbl jcr tgl jehm`y es tgly erl trymbi tc alfmal wget tc ac. Nl surl tc lbfcureil jehm`y tc esd E@@ tglmr qulstmcbs (rlhlhnlr N^EMB jrch tgl prlvmcus slftmcb). Mj mt msb”t eb lhlrilbfy, imvl tglh e hmbutl e`cbl tc prcflss.
Jehm`y-flbtlrla Flserleb Vlftmcb Mb tgl lvlbt tget e Flserleb ms blflssery, tglrl erl heby lhctmcbs tget hey tedl cvlr jcr tgl hch eba glr suppcrt tleh. Vgl hey nl fcbtlbt wmtg tgl alfmsmcb cr sgl hey nl frusgla. @lt glr dbcw tget mt wm`` nl cdey eba rlhmba glr tget sgl ms strcbi eba wget sgl ms encut tc ac ms e sl`j`lss eft cj `cvl jcr glr neny. ^lhmba glr tget sgl ges prlperla glrsl`j mb e`` pcssmn`l weys eba tget sgl feb nl fcbjmalbt tget tgms ms tgl nlst fgcmfl jcr glr eba glr neny. Mt ms lh ctmcbe``y amjjmfu`t tc efflpt tget e Flserleb ms tgl wey ycur neny ms icmbi tc nl ncrb, nut jll`mbi `cvla eba suppcrtla aurmbi tgl prcflss feb t ru`y hedl e amjjlrlbfl. Gl`pmbi glr dbcw glr cptmcbs es p`ebs fgebil ms e irlet wey jcr ycu tc cjjlr suppcrt. Vchl gcspmte`s e``cw e hctglr tc gevl twc suppcrt plcp`l mb tgl cplretmbi rcch4 gcwlvlr, cjtlb t gl gcspmte` wm`` cb`y e``cw cbl plrscb. Laufetl tglh es hufg es pcssmn`l cb wget tglmr cptmcbs erl. ]cu feb e`sc gevl glr esd glr prcvmalr nljcrl `encr nlimbs mj tgl gcspmte` wm`` e``cw e ilbt`l Flserleb/jehm`yflbtlrla Flserleb slftmcb. Dbcwmbi mj glr prcvmalr eba gcspmte` stejj erl en`l tc prcvmal tgms cptmcb feb fgebil tgl lbtmrl jll`/lxplrmlbfl aurmbi e Flserleb.
Yget Lxeft`y ms e Jehm`y-flbtlrla Flserleb3 E jehm`y-flbtlrla Flserleb e``cws e hctglr eba jetglr tc gevl e pleflju` eba fe`h ethcspglrl wgm`l hmhmfdmbi wget gepplbs aurmbi beture` fgm`anmrtg. Mt cjtlb e``cws e hctglr tc sll glr fgm`a nl ncrb
[eil | 79
tgrcuig e f`ler arepl, gevl mhhlametl sdmb-tc-sdmb, eba e``cw tgl hctglr tc nrlestjlla mj alsmrl a. ]cu hey esd mj husmf feb nl p`eyla tgrcuig tgl spledlrs mb tgl cplretmbi rcch cr tgrcuig e she`` spledlr mj ycu gevl cbl. Esd mj tgl p`eflbte hey nl sevla (mj tgl hctglr webts tc dllp mt jcr lbfepsu`etmcb), mj tgl prcvmalr feb hm`d tgl fcra, cr gevl tgl cptmcb tc al`ey tgl fcra ubtm` mt stcps, es wl`` es acmbi e veimbe` swen (sll nl`cw). ]cu sgcu`a e`sc esd mj ycu feb gevl e `cvla c bl, acu`e, cr pgctcirepglr jcr lxtre suppcrt cr pgctcirepgy. ‐Gevmbi hy swllt neny p`efla cb hy fglst rmigt
ejtlr sgl wes ncrb frletla e wgc`l amjjlrlbt ncba jcr glr eba M.‘ - Hleieb Gletcb
Mt ms mhpcrtebt tc rlhlhnlr tget t get tgms ms tglmr nmrtg lxplrmlbfl. Mt”s e aey tget sgcu`a nl vlry splfme` eba cbl tget tgly rlj`lft nefd cb wmtg pcsmtmvl tgcuigts. Mj e Flserleb gepplbs, e jehm`y-flbtlrla nmrtg feb nl vlry gle`mbi jcr nctg hch eba pertblr, es wl `` es hedl tgl trebsmtmcb jrch utlrc tc wcr`a hcrl beture` jcr neny. Es tgmbis erl amsfussla wmtg glr prcvmalr mb prlbete` vmsmts, mt ms mhpcrtebt tc gevl glr e`sc fe`` glr gcspmte` cj fgcmfl. E`tgcuig e prcvmalr hey eirll tc schl cj tgl cptmcbs encvl, mt”s pcssmn`l tget gcspmte` pc`mfmls hey cvlrrmal. Ql`` glr bct tc nl sf erla tc hedl glr wmsgls dbcwb eba `ler b e`` sgl feb icmbi mb.
Jehm`y Flbtlrla Flserleb Cptmcbs? •
\smbi e f`ler arepl jcr ycur f `mlbt tc sll glr neny nlmbi ncrb.
•
Mhhlametl sdmb-tc-sdmb mb tgl cplretmbi rcch.
•
Nrlestjllambi mb tgl cplretmbi rcch cr rlfcvlry rcch.
•
Husmf nlmbi p`eyla tgrcuig tgl spledlrs mb tgl cplretmbi r cch cr e she`` pcrten`l spledlr.
•
Vevmbi tgl p`eflbte.
•
Hm`dmbi tgl fcra cr al`eyla fcra f`ehpmbi sc neny ilts e`` cj tgl fcra n`cca.
•
Zeimbe` swen jcr veimbe` sllambi (hmfrcnmrtgmbi).
•
Eaamtmcbe` suppcrt mb tgl cplretmbi rcch sufg es e acu`e eba/cr nmrtg pgctcirepglr.
Zeimbe` Vllambi (Hmfrcnmrtgmbi) Encvl wl te`dla encut tgl prcvmalr prcv malr acmbi e veimbe` swen. Qgms ms e vlry lesy stlp tget hey nl acbl mj e Flserleb slftmcb ms schltgmbi tget ms bllala. ]cur prcvmalr wm`` tedl e fcttcb swen eba mbslrt mt mbtc tgl
[eil | 77
veimbe, fc``lft veimbe` j`uma, eba trebsjlr mt tc tgl blwncrb, vme hcutg, bcsl, cr bese` fevmty. Qgms ms schltgmbi tget ycu hey webt tc amsfuss wmtg ycur prcvmalr. ‐Flserleb al`mvlry plrjcrhla nljcrl tgl c bslt cj `encr cr nljcrl tgl rupturl cj hlhnrebls prlvlbts tgl jltus jrch fchmbi mbtc fcbteft wmtg veimbe` j`uma eba neftlrme. Qgl mbtlbala purpcsl cj veimbe` sllambi ms tc trebsjlr hetlrbe` veimbe` neftlrme tc tgl blwncrb. Es tgl mbfrlesl mb t gl jrlqulbfy cj estghe, etcpmf amslesl, eba mhhubl amscralrs hmrrcrs tgl mbfrlesl mb retl cj Flserleb al`mvlry, tgl tglcry cj veimbe` sllambi ms tc e``cw jcr prcplr fc`cbmzetmcb cj tgl jlte` iut eba, tglrljcrl, rlaufl tgl sunslqulbt rmsd cj estghe, etcpmf amslesl, eba mhhubl amscralrs.‘ amscralrs. ‘ (EFCI, >;59)
[cstpertuh ^lfcvlry Mb eaamtmcb tc tgl bcrhe` pgysmfe` pcstpertuh rlfcvlry, tglrl ms tgl hlbte` eba lhctmcbe` pert cj rlfcvlry. Mt”s mhpcrtebt tget ycu acb”t e`weys essuhl ycu dbcw gcw tgl hctglr jll`s encut tgl nmrtg. Lvlb wglb e hctglr ilts tgl cutfchl sgl wes gcpmbi jcr, sgl hey bct jll` geppy encut mt. Vchltmhls ZNEFs feb nl treuhetmf eba rlplet Flserlebs feb nl gle`mbi. Qglrl erl e jlw tgmbis tget typmfe``y ejjlft e wcheb”s vmlw cj glr nmrtg? ◃
Gcw `cbi `encr `estla. Yes mt sc jest sgl fcu`ab”t prcflss tgmbis3 Yes mt `cbi, `cbi, amjjmfu`t, eba lhctmcbe`3
◃
Ama sgl lba up usmbi pemb hlamfetmcb wglb sgl amab”t mbmtme``y webt mt3
◃
Ylrl tglrl e `ct cj mbtlrvlbtmcbs tget sgl amab”t webt cr tget p`eyla e rc`l mbtc tgl typl cj al`mvlry3
◃
Yget typl cj al`mvlry wes mt3 Zeimbe`, fe`h, pleflju` eba mb fcbtrc`, cr jest eba sfery wglrl sgl amab”t jll` `mdl sgl wes mb fcbtrc`3 Yes tglrl e `eril `eril ehcubt cj tlermbi3 Yes mt e F-slftmcb tget sgl amab”t webt cr wes mt e gle`mbi F-slftmcb lxplrmlbfl3
Ms sgl en`l tc te`d encut mt cr ms sgl sguttmbi acwb3 E hctglr wgc sguts acwb hey nl lxplrmlbfmbi sebftuery treuhe. Vebftuery treuhe ms wglb eb mbamvmaue` hey bct nl en`l tc prcflss cr te`d encut glr jlers wglb tgl blietmvl jll`mbis tedl cvlr. Hchhes feb lxplrmlbfl tgms mb nctg veimbe` eba Flserleb nmrtg cutfchls. Dbcw eba ubalrsteba mj e hctglr acls bct webt tc te`d encut glr nmrtg lxplr mlbfl mlbfl‑ ‑ sgl hey nl sujjlrmbi jrch schl treuhe cr lvlb ium`t. Nl hmbaju` eba acb”t jcrfl glr tc te`d encut mt. Vgl hey e`sc webt tc te`d encut tgl lbtmrl lxplrmlbfl. Lvlrycbl ms amjjlrl bt eba prcflssls tgmbis
[eil | 7=
amjjlrlbt`y. Mj ycu feb `lerb gcw tgly prcfl ss mb ycur prlbete` vmsmts, mt hey nlbljmt ycu aurmbi tgms t mhl nlfeusl ycu hey nl en`l tc rlea gcw tgly erl acmbi nesla cjj c j wget ycu dbcw.
Yget Qypl cj Vuppcrt Feb ]cu [rcvmal es e Acu`e3 [reftmfe` Vuppcrt? Mt ms mhpcrtebt jcr schlcbl wgc ges lx plrmlbfla treuhe cr ms struii`mbi lhctmcbe``y tc try eba rlturb tc es bcrhe` cj e sfglau`l es pcssmn`l. Qgms feb nl gera ejtlr gevmbi e neny, nlfeusl tglrl ms icmbi tc nl `efd cj s`llp, e blw neny”s sfglau`l, eba jcr jehm`mls wmtg hcrl tgeb cbl fgm`a, tgly e`sc gevl tc ferry cb wmtg tgl dmas” bcrhe` sfglau`ls. Nlmbi uttlr`y lxgeustla feb hedl mt lvlb hcrl amjjmfu`t tc fcpl eba prcflss‑cjjlrmbi prcflss ‑cjjlrmbi preftmfe` suppcrt eba lbfcureimbi e ‐bcrhe`‘ rcutmbl ms e stert. Nl`cw erl schl males tc gl`p ycur f`mlbt wmtg preftmfe` suppcrt. [`lesl dbcw tget tglrl hey nl e blla tc fe`` mb cr rljlr tc eaamtmcbe` suppcrt. ◃
\balrsteba tget tgly hey nl struii`mbi mbsmal.
◃
^lfcibmzl tget tgly hey blla spefl tc prcflss, eba wrmtmbi tglh esdmbi gcw t gly erl acmbi hey bct e`weys nlbljmt tglh.
◃
Efflpt tget tgly hey bct webt tc te`d jcr e wgm`l, wgm`l, eba acb”t tedl ebytgmbi plrscbe``y. plrscbe` `y. Vchltmhls tgcsl wgc erl struii`mbi lhctmcbe``y tlba tc nl sgcrt eba lvlb `esg cut cb tgl cbls f`cslst tc tglh.
◃
Lbfcureil tglh tc rlst.
◃
Gl`p tglh jmba tgl prcjlssmcbe` gl`p tgly hey blla.
◃
Lbfcureil tglh tc tedl schl tmhl t mhl ewey jrch scfme` hlame eba tglmr pgcbl.
◃
Efdbcw`lail tglmr effchp`msghlbts.
Mj bcbl cj tglsl tgmbis erl gl`pmbi eba/cr ycu jll` tget tgl sejlty c j hctglr cr neny ms olcperamzla, fe`` mb eaamtmcbe` suppcrt cr, tlxt tgl frmsms gl`p `mbl tget ms evem`en`l >1/9 jcr suppcrt. Qlxt FCBBLFQ tc
915915 mb tgl \bmtla Vtetls.
Lhctmcbe` Vuppcrt? Lhctmcbe` suppcrt `ccds amjjlrlbt jcr lvlrycbl. Mt ms mhpcrtebt tc rlhlhnlr tget bct lvlrycbl w ebts tc te`d encut tgmbis eba schl hey webt tc te`d encut lvlry altem`. Mj tgly acb”t webt tc te`d qumtl ylt, jc``cw up wmtg tglh eba `lt tglh d bcw ycu”rl tglrl jcr wglb tgly ac. Nlmbi tglrl tc `mstlb, amsfuss, eba gl`p prcflss tglmr lhctmcbs wm`` hleb tgl wcr`a tc tglh.
[eil | =;
◃
\balrsteba tget tgly gevl nllb tgrcuig eb lhctmcbe` tmhl.
◃
Gl`p tglh dbcw tget tglmr jll`mbis erl rle` eba ve`ma eba mt”s cdey tc nl sea, jrustretla, ebilrla, ltf.
◃
Mj tglrl sllhs tc nl schltgmbi nlycba ycur gl`p, cjjlr tgl suppcrt jrch e prcjlssmcbe`. Nl ewerl cj wget”s gepplbmbi, sc mj tgmbis erl icmbi acwb e rcea wglrl sgl bllas lxtre gl`p, ycu feb cjjlr tget rlscurfl.
◃
\balrsteba tget te`dmbi encut tgms treuhe cr pemb hey nl vlry gera. Lhctmcbs hey fchl cut eba tget”s hcrl tgeb cdey.
◃
Lbfcureil tglh tc tedl e nrled jrch ‐lxtre stujj‘‑scfme` stujj‘‑scfme` hlame, vmsmtcrs, wm``mbiblss tc ilt gl`p jcr tgmbis ercuba tgl gcusl, ltf.
[cstpertuh Hcca Amscralrs Hcst wchlb wm`` gevl schl seablss cr ebxmlty es cur gcrhcbls rliu`etl pcstpertuh. Gcwlvlr, mj tgl seablss cr ctglr blietmvl lhctmcbs `est `cbilr tgeb 5-> wllds, tgly hey nl lxplrmlbfmbi cbl cj jmvl pcstpertuh hcca amscralrs, wgmfg mbf`ual? pcstpertuh alprlssmcb, pcstpertuh ebxmlty, pcstpertuh cnslssmvl-fchpu`smvl amscralr, pcstpertuh [QVA, eba pcstpertuh psyfgcsms. Cbl mb 5; (cr hcrl) wchlb wm`` lxplrmlbfl pcstpertuh alprlssmcb cr ebctglr pcstpertuh hcca amscralr. Cjtlb, y cur spcusl cr ctglr suppcrt plrscb wm`` nl tgl jmrst tc bctmfl tglsl tgmbis, sc hedl surl tgly erl ewerl cj tgl smibs es wl``. Qgmbis tc wetfg jcr tget hey mbamfetl pcstpertuh alprlssmcb vs. rliu`er neny n`uls? •
Ycrrymbi fcbstebt`y, jll`mbi wcrtg`lss, jll`mbi e`cbl e`` tgl t mhl, fcbstebt`y frymbi.
•
E`weys jll`mbi `mdl schltgmbi nea ms encut tc gepplb.
•
Bct ncbambi wmtg glr neny.
•
Jll`mbi `mdl sgl bct acmbi e icca ocn es e blw hch.
•
Bct letmbi, s`llpmbi, cr sgcwlrmbi nlfeusl cj glr alspemr.
•
Vuaalb cutnursts cj ebilr eba/cr ebxmlty.
•
Nlmbi gyplr jcfusla cb dllpmbi glrneny sejl.
•
^lpletmbi efts tget hedl ycu jll` `lss ebxmcus.
•
Gevmbi rlpletla bmigtherls, j`esgnefds tc e treuhetmf nmrtg, cr mbschbme.
•
Vumfmae` tgcuigts, ge``ufmbetmcbs cr al`usmcbs, cr tgcuigts cj gerhmbi ycur neny.
Mj ycu jll` `mdl eby cj tglsl tgmbis epp`y tc ycur f`mlbt, spled tc glr eba f`cslst suppcrt plrscb, esd tglh mj tgly blla eaamtmcbe` rlscurfls, eba fcbblft tglh wmtg wget tgly hey blla.
[eil | =5
[eil | =>
U \MFD \MFD ^LZMLY Yget erl schl icca qulstmcbs tc l bfcureil ycur f`mlbts tc esd tglmr prcvmalrs mb tglmr tgmra trmhlstlr3
@mst tgrll tgmbis tget feb lbfcureil e sufflssju` ZNEF?
Yget erl schl tgmbis tget feb nl rlqulstla jcr e ilbt`lr Flserleb lxplrmlbfl, mj mt nlfchls blflssery3
Yget erl tgl smibs cj utlrmbl rupturl3
Gcw feb ycu malbtmjy mj e hctglr ms lxplrmlbfmbi bcrhe` pcstpertuh gcrhcbl j`uftuetmcbs vs. hlbte` gle`tg mssuls tget blla eaamtmcbe` suppcrt3
Yget erl schl rlscurfls evem`en`l tc suppcrt hctglrs mb tgl pcstpertuh steil3
[eil | =6
Hy nmrtg stcry nlimbs tgrll ylers eic wgm`l prlibebt wmtg hy jmrstncrb (e aeuigtlr), w glb et 6< wllds, ejtlr e fchp`ltl`y ublvlbtju`, stremigtjcrwera, eba gle`tgy prli bebfy, wl amsfcvlrla hy neny imr` wes mb e Jrebd nrllfg pcsmtmcb. Jc``cwmbi e fcbsu`t wmtg Hetlrbe` Jlte` Hlamfmbl (HJH), wl u`tmhetl`y alfmala eiembst hcvmbi jcrwera wmtg eb lxtlrbe` fl pge`mf vlrsmcb (LFZ) eba mbstlea cptla tc wemt eba sll mj sgl wcu`a turb cb glr cwb. \bjcrtubetl`y, es tgl wllds pessla, neny imr` rlhembla sbui mbsmal, glea up eba ncttch acwb. Et 1; wllds eba cbl aey, M wcdl ercuba 6 c”f`cfd mb tgl hcrbmbi tc e pmbi mb hy stchefg tget rlslhn`la e plrmca frehp. M tc`a tc `a hy gusneba M tgcuigt M hmigt nl mb `encr, nut tget gl fcu`a dllp s`llpmbi smbfl mt wcu`a prcnen`y nl ewgm`l ubtm` wl” wl ”a blla tc glea tc tgl t gl gcspmte`. Ercuba smx mb tgl hcrbmbi, M alfmala tc fe`` tgl gcspmte` wglb hy fcbtreftmcbs wlrl encut 9.< hmbutls epert. Ny tgl tmhl wl ict fglfdla mbtc trmeil et 9?;<, fcbtreftmcbs wlrl f`cslr eba e `ct hcrl mbtlbsl. Mt gea nllb encut jcur gcurs smbfl smbfl hy jmrst `encr pemb4 ejtlr e flrvmfe` fglfd, tgl ettlbambi CN sgcutla cut, ‐ Vgl”s eb lmigt!‘ lmigt !‘ Hy nleutmju` aeuigtlr wes ncrb cb 7/59/51 et 7?59 e.h. vme Flserleb wmtg E[IE^ sfcrls cj bmbl eba bmbl. Vurilry wes rlsplftju` eba stremigtjcrwera4 tgl CN lxp`embla tc hl wget sgl wes acmbi et lvlry oubftmcb4 sgl lvlb tc`a hl es sgl slwla hl up tget M wes ‐tgl plrjlft febamaetl jcr e ZNEF.‘ ZNEF.‘ M dblw hy ncay fcu`a nmrtg e neny eba M wes e`rleay p`ebbmbi hy ZNEF mb hy glea. Vdmppmbi eglea 5= hcbtgs, wl jcuba cut wl wlrl prlibebt eiemb. Hy jmrst stlp mb tgl ocurbly wes fgebimbi prcvmalrs4 M swmtfgla jrch tgl CN/I]B preftmfl M gea nllb wmtg w gm`l prlibebt wmtg hy aeuigtlr tc e hmawmjl preftmfl. Es pert cj hy ferl p`eb, M wes rlqumrla tc hllt wmtg eb CN jrch tgl hmawmvls”” fcbsu`tmbi cnstltrmfmeb ircup. M splfmjmfe``y sfglau`la e hlltmbi wmtg tgl glea CN jrch tget hmawmvls ircup, wgch M gea glera icca tgmbis encut eba wgch M wes tc`a wes vlry ZNEF-jrmlba`y. \pcb rlvmlwmbi hy gle`tg rlfcras, tgl jmrst qulstmcb gl esdla hl wes, ‐Vc, wgy amab” amab”t ycu gevl e veimbe` nrllfg nmrtg tgl `est tmhl3‘ tmhl3 ‘ Hy oew arcppla. M fcu`ab” fcu`ab”t nl`mlvl gl esdla hl tget, smbfl tgl tcpmf blvlr fehl up cbfl es e pcssmn`l cptmcb. M dblw tgms tmhl ercuba M wes wmtg tgl rmigt ircup cj prcvmalrs4 e guil wlmigt gea nllb `mjtla jrch hy sgcu`alrs eba M jl`t M fcu`a jmbe``y stert tc lbocy hy prlibebfy. Jrch tget pcmbt cb, hy prlibebfy prcirlssla hufg `mdl hy jmrst (fchp`mfetmcb-jrll eba ublvlbtju`). Vtertmbi ercuba 51 wllds M nli eb acmbi twmfl-wlld`y prlbete` ycie tc lbsurl nlttlr ncay ne`ebfmbi, mb gcpls cj imvmbi neny tgl nlst fgebfl cj ilttmbi mbtc eb cptmhe` pcsmtmcb. Ercuba 6; wllds, M stertla sllmbi e fgmrcpreftcr flrtmjmla mb tgl Ylnstlr tlfgbmqul jcr wlld`y eaousthlbts. Neny `ufdm`y ict mbtc e glea-acwb pcsmtmcb ercuba >7 wllds eba wl blvlr `ccdla nefd. Hy aul aetl cj 55/>1/5: fehl eba pessla e`cbi wmtg tgl Qgebdsimvmbi gc`maey. Yl gea jehm`y mb tcwb eba lvlrycbl wes lxfmtla eba leilr tc hllt cur blw eaamtmcb. M gea nllb gevmbi mbfrlesmbi Nrextcb-Gmfds fcbtreftmcbs jcr e fcup`l cj aeys surrcubambi tgl gc`maey, nut bctgmbi rlslhn`mbi e fcbsmstlbt `encr pettlrb. Ler`y hcrbmbi cb 55/>9/5: , M wcdl up ercuba 6?6;
[eil | =1
e.h. wmtg plrmca-`mdl frehps. M ict up eba alfmala tc stert tmhmbi tc sll mj tglsl wlrl tgl rle` tgmbi cr oust prl-`encr. M wcdl hy gusneba eba tc`a gmh M wes icmbi tc tgl `mvmbi rcch rcch jcr e wgm`l tc tmhl tglh eba M” M”a fchl wedl gmh mj mt `ccdla `mdl tgly wlrl turbmbi t urbmbi mbtc schltgmbi hcrl fcbsmstlbt. Ejtlr tmhmbi fcbtreftmcbs jcr encut eb gcur, M tlx tla hy acu`e tc `lt glr dbcw M wes ewedl eba fcbtreftmbi, nut tget tglrl wes bc amstmbft pettlrb. Vgl suiilstla M gevl schl wetlr eba `ey acwb tc sll mj tgly hmigt ic ewey. M tccd hy acu`e” acu`e ”s eavmfl eba lvlbtue``y fcbtreftmcbs amssmpetla ercuba : e.h. eba M wes en`l tc fetfg encut >.< gcurs cj s`llp nl jcrl ilttmbi up eiemb tc cjjmfme``y stert tgl aey. M wcdl eiemb ercuba 7?6; e.h. cb 55/>9/5: eba fcbtreftmcbs pmfdla nefd up sccb ejtlr, e`tgcuig stm`` spefla cut eba bct vlry mbtlbsl. M fe``la hy acu`e mb tgl hcrbmbi eba ievl glr eb upaetl. Yl alfmala smbfl tgly wlrl stm`` mbjrlqulbt eba h m`a, tc dllp eb lyl cb tglh t glh tc sll mj tgly wcu`a turb mbtc schltgmbi hcrl fcbsmstlbt. Ercuba 5 p.h., hy gusneba, aeuigtlr, eba M gleala cut jcr ejtlrbccb nrubfg. Et ercuba twc, wgm`l et nrubfg, tgl fcbtreftmcbs stertla tc nlfchl hcrl ubfchjcrten`l, fchmbi encut lvlry 5<->; hmbutls. Qgms ms wglb M susplftla mt wes tgl rle` tgmbi. Hy acu`e fe``la hl wgm`l et nrubfg eba M jm``la glr mb. Vmbfl fcbtreftmcbs wlrl stm`` 5< hmbutls epert, wl alfmala tc stey mb tcufg encut prcirlss. Vgl suiilstla M ic jcr e we`d eba sll gcw tgly prcirlssla jrch tglrl. Ejtlr nrubfg, wl ietglrla cur aeuigtlr eba alfmala tc glea tc e blerny rlslrvcmr tget e`sc gea e nmi p`ey erle eba perd. Es wl heal cur wey jcr tgl p`ey erle mb tgl perd, tgl fcbtreftmcbs nlieb tc mbtlbsmjy eba stertla ilttmbi f`cslr (encut 56 h mbutls epert). Es wl epprcefgla tgl p`eyircuba, M tc`a hy gusneba M wes icmbi tc jc``cw nlgmba tglh sc es bct tc feusl fcbflrb jcr hy h y aeuigtlr. E sgcrt wgm`l ejtlr, M jl`t es tgcuig M fcu`ab” fcu`ab”t nl mb pun`mf eby `cbilr eba bllala tc ic gchl sccb (fcbtreftmcbs wlrl encut =-55 hmbutls epert). Cbfl gchl, fcbtreftmcbs wlrl stm`` qumtl spefla cut eba wl jmiurla wl stm`` gea schl t mhl, sc M slbt hy gusneba cjj wmtg hy aeuigtlr tc sll mj gl fcu`a ilt glr tc bep nljcrl `levmbi glr wmtg jehm`y. Es M jmbmsgla ietglrmbi cur `est mtlhs, M f e``la hy acu`e eba tc`a glr fcbtreftmcbs wlrl encut 9 -7 hmbutls epert ny tget tmhl eba vlry mbtlbsl. Vgl sema hcst `mdl`y tcaey wes icmbi tc nl tgl aey eba tget M sgcu`a stert hedmbi tgl blflssery fe``s tc errebil jcr hy aeuigtlr” aeuigtlr”s ferl. Qglb, M gea e hcbstlr fcbtreftmcb tget sgccd hl tc hy fcrl4 fcr l4 e`` cj e suaalb, M jl`t jl `t e trmfd`l cj j`uma eba tglb e ju`` iusg4 mt wes hy wetlr! Vmhu`teblcus`y, M jl`t e heocr sgmjt mbsmal cj hl ‖ hl ‖ tgl neny wes ‐et tgl accrstlp‘ eba M w es gchl...e`cbl. Es tgl pgysmfe` slbsetmcb cvlrtccd hl, e hchlbt cj pebmf slt mb4 M iumala hysl`j acwb tc tgl `mvmbi rcch j`ccr mbtc e smal-`ymbi pcsmtmcb4 M qumfd`y spcttla hy fl`` pgcbl cb tgl fcufg eba rlefgla jcr mt mhhlametl`y. M ame`la hy acu`e tc `lt glr dbcw hy wetlr gea nrcdlb eba tgl neny wes fchmbi. Vlbsmbi tgl pebmf eba urilbfy mb hy vcmfl, hy acu`e tc`a hl sgl wcu`a nl tglrl mb jmvl hmbutls (`ufdm`y, sgl `mtlre``y `mvla jmvl hmbutls jrch hl). Blxt, M trmla hy gusneba, nut, tc bc evem`‑ evem`‑M ict gms vcmflhem`. Es M `ema cb hy smal, hy fcbtreftmcbs stertla tc spefl cut. M rlefgla hy geba acwb eba fcu`a jll` tgl tcp cj hy neny” neny”s glea4 M fcu`a jll` gl
[eil | =<
gea schl gemr eba rlhlhnlrla tget hy aeuigtlr wes e`sc ncrb wmtg gemr. Qglrl gl wes! ^migt tglrl! M dblw tgms ZNEF wes icmbi tc gepplb. Mb tget hchlbt, M rle`mzla M bllala tc fe`h acwb eba pu`` hysl`j tciltglr. M tc`a hysl`j schlcbl wcu`a nl tglrl sccb, nut tget mt wes `mdl`y M wes icmbi tc gevl tc al`mvlr hy neny cb hy cwb. M dblw M bllala tc nl jcfusla jcr hy neny eba rlhlhnlr tl``mbi hysl`j tc nrletgl, tget M bllala tc nl tglrl jcr gmh. M jcuba hy fe`h tgl nlst M fcu`a, eba trmla tc tedl schl icca, allp, f`lebsmbi nrletgs. Aurmbi tgms tmhl, hy fcusmb fe``la hl nefd (M fe``la glr wglb M fcu`ab”t fc u`ab”t ilt egc`a cj hy gusneba) eba steyla cb tgl pgcbl wmtg hl es hy ncay nlieb tc pusg. Qglb, e`` cj e suaalb, M glera e pcubambi cb tgl accr4 mt wes hy acu`e! Qgl fc``lil imr`s tget `mvl efrcss tgl ge``wey jrch us gea `lt glr mb cur num`ambi, nut M gea jcricttlb tgl accr t c cur eperthlbt wes `cfdla es wl`` eba hy acu`e amab”t gevl e dly! Vgl sgcutla tget tgl accr wes `cfdla eba tget sgl bllala hl tc `lt glr mb, nut, et tget pcmbt, tglrl wes bc wey M fcu`a pgysmfe``y steba up tc `lt glr mb4 tgl neny fchmbi tglb eba tglrl eba hy ncay wes pusgmbi e`` cb mts cwb. Mt wesb” wesb”t hcrl tgeb ebctglr pusg eba hy scb” scb ”s glea fehl cut. E`hcst smhu`teblcus`y, tgl rlst cj gms s`mpplry `mtt`l ncay jc``cwla. Es gl s`mppla cut eba scjt`y `ebala cb tgl ferpltla `mvmbi rcch j`ccr, gl nlieb tc mhhlametl`y fry4 M rlhlhnlr rl hlhnlr nlmbi sc mbfrlamn`y ehezla, bct cb`y et gcw pemb`lss mt jl`t, nut tget gl fehl cut cj hl sc qumfd`y eba lesm`y. Qgl slfcba M sew gmh `eba scjt`y c b tgl ferplt, M sfccpla gmh up eba sgcutla tc gmh, ‐M ict ycu! M ict ycu!‘ ycu!‘ M nrcuigt gmh mhhlametl`y tc hy fglst, guiimbi gmh tmigt`y smbfl M amab” amab ”t webt tc arcp gmh (gl wes sc wlt eba s`mpplry). E`tgcuig M gea bct p`ebbla jcr eb ubessmstla gchl ZNEF, M jl`t M wes es prlperla hlbte``y, lhctmcbe``y, eba pgysmfe``y es ebycbl fcu`a nl jcr tgms dmba cj lxplrmlbfl. M eh mb ensc`utl ewl cj tgl jlhe`l ncay eba eh flrtemb e`` wchlb gevl tgl sehl mbstmbft eba enm`mty tc nmrtg tglmr nenmls ubgmbalrla. Qgl `cvl eba rlsplftju` ferl M rlflmvla jrch tgl jmrst rlspcbalrs, hlamfe` tleh, acu`e, eba jehm`y wes prmfl`lss eba M gevl blvlr jl`t hcrl pcwlrju`, fepen`l, trebsjcrhla, eba gle`la es M gevl es e rlsu`t cj tgms nmrtg. M gcpl, mj ebytgmbi, hy lxplrmlbfl sgcws ctglr hchs wgc erl cb tglmr ZNEF ocurbly tget t get tglmr ncamls erl bct nrcdlb eba t get mt ms pcssmn`l tc nmrtg wmtg strlbitg eba mbtumtmcb.
[eil | =:
ZMM. FCBF@\VMCB
V
uppcrtmbi e jehm`y tgrcuig ZNEF cr rlplet Flserleb feb nl eb mbfrlamn`y mbfrl amn`y alhebambi, hlebmbiju`, eba pcmibebt lxplrmlbfl. Jehm`mls wm`` nlbljmt irlet`y jrch tgl prlslbfl cj ycu es tglmr acu`e. Acu`e sl`j-ferl ms vmte` es ycu sll tglmr stcry ubjc`a. Hedl surl ycu erl tedmbi tmhl tc prcflss
ycursl`j. Jmba ebctglr acu`e tc wcrd tgrcuig tgl stcry wmtg. Vmttmbi eba prcflssmbi tgrcuig schltgmbi `mdl nmrtg treuhe feb nl e glevy nuralb tc nler. Yl erl fcbjmalbt mb ycur enm`mty tc ac mt. Qgl hcst mhpcrtebt tgmbi ycu feb ac tc prlperl ycur f`mlbt jcr ZNEF ms tc lbfcureil glr tc ac tgrll tgmbis?
LA\FEQL GL^VL@J Yl cjjlr e fcursl `mdl tgms oust jcr ycur f`mlbts tc gl`p tglh `lerb tgmbis tget fchp`mhlbt wget wl erl tlefgmbi ycu bcw. Qgms wm`` hedl ycu eb lvlb nlttl r tleh prlpermbi jcr glr nmrtg.
ILQ E VC@MA NM^QG QLEH Qgl hcst mhpcrtebt tgmbi sgl feb ac tc efgmlvl tgl nmrtg sgl alsmrls ms tc ic tc e ZNEF-jrmlba`y ZNEF -jrmlba`y nmrtg p`efl eba gevl e ZNEF-jrmlba`y ZNEF-jrmlba`y prcvmalr. E prcvmalr tget trusts e wcheb”s ncay tc nmrtg ms sc, sc, sc mhpcrtebt. E`sc, ycu iulssla mt? ilt e acu`e. Vgl ges e`rleay p`efla irlet fcbjmalbfl mb ycu tc suppcrt glr, eba ycu e`rleay dbcw gcw hufg gevmbi e acu`e feb gl`p e wcheb bevmietl glr nmrtg spefl.
Q^\VQ GL^VL@J Mt icls wmtgcut seymbi tget schltmhls tglrl erl fmrfuhstebfls wglrl e neny oust wcb”t fchl cut veimbe``y. Gcwlvlr, tglrl ms e `ct tc nl sema encut tgl pcwlr cj tgl hmba eba e wcheb”s mbtumtmcb. Nl`mlj mb cblsl`j eba ycur enm`mty tc imvl nmrtg ms e guil fgubd cj tgl nett`l. Jemtg eba jler febbct fclxmst mb tgl sehl spefl. Yglrl tglrl ms jler, tglrl ms tlbsmcb, eba wglb e plrscb feb rl`lesl tget acunt eba nrmbi mb ju`` fcbjmalbfl, ehezmbi tgmbis feb gepplb. Nmrtg ms ewlschl. Mt”s hlssy, fchp`lx, smhp`l, eba gera, nut schlgcw lesy, eba p`eys cut mb VC HEB] amjjlrlbt weys. M j ycu feb gl`p ycur f`mlbt trust tgl prcflss, trust glr hmba, eba trust glr ncay‑ ncay‑sgl ges fcbqulrla e `eril pert c j tgl nett`l. Hcst mhpcrtebt`y, lbfcureil glr tc trust mb eba nl dmba tc glrsl`j . Qglrl ms bct e smbi`l ‐rmigt ‐r migt wey‘ tc imvl nmrtg. Qgl rmigt wey ms jcr e wcheb tc nl lhpcwlrla eba laufetla mb cralr tc hedl tgl nlst alfmsmcbs jcr GL^. Vgl sgcu`a jll` mb fcbtrc` cj w get ms gepplbmbi tc glr wgm`l sgl nmrtgs. Mt ms glr
[eil | =9
`encr‑ `encr ‑cb`y sgl feb imvl nmrtg tc tgms neny eba bc hettlr wgmfg wey sgl acls mt, sgl ama mt eba eba tget ms e guil effchp`msghlbt.
Fcbiretu`etmcbs! Bcw tget ycu erl et tgl lba cj tgl fcursl, glea cvlr tc tglvnef`mbd.fch/flrtmjy tc stert ycur flrtmjmfetmcb prcflss eba ilt `mstla mb cur ZNEF acu`e amrlftcry et tglvnef`mbd.fch/flrtmjy. \MFD ^LZMLY U \MFD Yget erl tgrll tgmbis ycu feb ac tc gl`p ycur f`mlbt gevl tgl hcst pcsmtmvl nmrtg lxplrmlbfl pcssmn`l3
[eil | =7
E[[LBAMW 5 ‖ 5 ‖ ALJMBMQMCB ALJMBMQMCB CJ QL^HV EFCI- Qgl Ehlrmfeb Fc``lil cj Cnstltrmfmebs eba Iyblfc`cimsts, e prcjlssmcbe` esscfmetmcb fcbsmstmbi cj pgysmfmebs wgc splfme`mzl mb cnstltrmfs eba iyblfc`ciy mb tgl \VE. EFCI eavcfetls jcr gmiglr stebaeras cj preftmfl mb wchlb”s gle`tgferl. Ehlrmfeb Fc``lil cj Bursl-Hmawmvls (EFBH)- E prcjlssmcbe` tget rlprlslbts FBH (Flrtmjmla Bursl Hmawmvls) eba ctglr flrtmjmla hmawmvls. Ebtlrmcr Neny- Yglb tgl neny”s nefd ms e`cbi tgl jrcbt cj tgl hctglr”s stchefg, tgl cptmhe` pcsmtmcb jcr `encr. Ebtlrmcr [`eflbte- Yglb tgl p`eflbte ms ettefgla tc tgl jrcbt cj tgl utlrus, cb tgl nl``y smal, retglr tgeb tgl nefd smal. E[E- Qgl Ehlrmfeb [rlibebfy Esscfmetmcb ms e bcb-prcjmt criebmzetmcb tget gl`ps prchctl prlibebfy ewerlblss eba wl``blss eba eaarlssls ctglr prlibebfy bllas. E[IE^- Epplerebfl, [u`sl, Irmhefl, Eftmvmty, & ^lspmretmcb4 e buhnlr jrch 5-5; tget ms imvlb tc e neny et tgl cbl- eba jmvl-hmbutl herd ejtlr nmrtg. E^CH- Ertmjmfme` ^upturl cj Hlhnrebls4 wglb tgl nei cj w etlrs nrleds ny jcrfl cr ms pubfturla ertmjmfme``y. Euihlbtetmcb cj @encr- Vtertmbi `encr nljcrl mt ges stertla cb mts cwb. Nmsgcp””s Vfcrl- E sfcrl jrch 5-5< tget tgl flrvmx ms imvlb prmcr tc `encr stertmbi tc ieuil gcw rleay mt ms Nmsgcp jcr `encr. E sfcrl cj lmigt l migt cr hcrl mbamfetls tget tgl flrvmx ms jevcren`l jcr mbauftmcb eba ges e icca `mdl`mgcca jcr veimbe` al`mvlry. E Nmsgcp” Nmsgcp”s Vfcrl cj smx cr `lss hlebs tgl flrvmx ms bct rmpl bcr jevcren`l jcr mbauftmcb eba e veimbe` al`mvlry ms `lss `mdl`y. FNEF- Flserleb Nmrtg ejtlr Flserleb4 wglb e hch ges e Flserleb ejtlr e prlvmcus Flserleb. FJH- Fcbtmbucus Jlte` Hcbmtcrmbi4 mbstruhlbts usla tc fcbtmbucus`y hcbmtcr tgl glertnlet cj tgl jltus. FBH- Flrtmjmla Bursl Hmawmjl4 e rlimstlrla bursl wgc ges eaamtmcbe` trembmbi eba feb al`mvlr nenmls.
[eil | ==
F[A- Flpge`cpl`vmf Amsprcpcrtmcb4 e pl`vms tget ms hmssgeplb cr he`jcrhla (tgms ms mbfrlamn`y rerl). F[H- Flrtmjmla prcjlssmcbe` hmawmjl4 e sdm``la eba dbcw`lailen`l hmawmjl wgc ges hlt tgl bllala stebaeras tc al`mvlr nenmls. Fcbtrembamfetmcb- E fcbamtmcb cr jeftcr tget eutchetmfe``y lxf`uals schlcbl jrch e hlamfe` trlethlbt cr, mb tgms fesl, hltgca hlt gca cj al`mvlry, nlfeusl tgl gerh tget mt wcu`a feusl tgl plrscb ms tcc irlet. Fytctlf cr Hmscprcstc`- E gcrhcbl mbslrtla veimbe``y cr tedl b cre``y tc gl`p prmhl/tgmb tgl flrvmx. Qgms ms fcbtrembamfetla jcr ZNEF. Am`etmcb- Qgl cplbmbi cj tgl flrvmx. Ljjeflhlbt- Yglb tgl flrvmx sterts st erts tc prlperl jcr `encr ny tgmbbmbi cut. LJH- L`lftrcbmf Jlte` Hcbmtcrmbi4 e hcbmtcr hc bmtcr tget ms p`efla cb tgl nl``y tc rlea tgl neny”s glert retl. Lvmalbfl-nesla Ferl- Alfmsmcbs jcr ferl nesla cb sfmlbtmjmf aete eba rlslerfg. JVL- Jlte` Vfe`p L`lftrcal4 e hcbmtcr tget ms p`efla cb tgl neny”s sfe`p tget rleas eb eff uretl glert retl. IA?? Ilstetmcbe` Amenltls4 feusls gmig n`cca suier eba feb blietmvl`y ejjlft e prlibebfy eba neny”s IA gle`tg. GNEF- Gchl Nmrtg Ejtlr Flserleb4 wglb e hctglr fgccsls tc gevl e veimbe` nmrtg ejtlr Flserleb et glr gchl. MFEB- Mbtlrbetmcbe` Flserleb Ewerlblss Bltwcrd4 e ircup tget strmvls tc mhprcvl hetlrbe` eba fgm`a gle`tg ny `cwlrmbi ubblflssery Flserlebs tgrcuig laufetmcb, suppcrtmbi rlfcvlry, eba fcbtmbumbi tc eavcfetl jcr ZNEF. M\[F- Mbtreutlrmbl [rlssurl Fetgltlr4 e she`` fetgltlr tget ms p`efla p`efla nltwllb tgl flrvmx eba tgl neny”s glea tc altlft tgl lxeft prlssurl cj gcw strcbi fcbtreftmcbs erl. He`prlslbtetmcb- Yglb e neny ms bct mb tgl fcrrl ft pcsmtmcb. BFNM- Qgl Betmcbe` Flbtlr jcr Nmctlfgbc`ciy Mbjcrhetmcb ms e pert cj tgl \VE Betmcbe` @mnrery c j Hlamfmbl, eba ms e betmcbe` gle`tg mbstmtutl. CN- Cnstltrmfs cr Cnstltrmfmeb, e pgysmfmeb tget al`mvlrs nenmls.
[eil | 5;;
[mtcfmb- E sybtgltmf vlrsmcb cj Cxytcfmb, tgl ‐`cvl‘ gcrhcbl, tget gl`ps `encr stert eba prcirlss. [`eflbte Effrltl- E slrmcus prlibebfy fcbamtmcb wglb tgl p`eflbte ircws tcc allp mbtc, cr lvlb tgrcuig, tgl utlrmbl we``. [`eflbte [rlvme- E fcbamtmcb wglrl tgl p`eflbte pertme``y cr ju``y fcvlrs tgl cplbmbi cj tgl utlrus (flrvmx) eba feusls prcn`lhs wmtg veimbe` al`mvlry. [c`ygyarehbmcs- Lxflss cj j`uma mb tgl ehbmctmf sef. [cstlrmcr Neny- E`sc dbcwb es ‐subby‐subby -smal up‘, wglb tgl neny”s nefd ms e`cbi tgl hctglr”s nefd. [cstlrmcr Flrvmx- Yglb tgl flrvmx ms tm`tla tcweras tcwer as e wcheb”s nefd. E pcstlrmcr flrvmx ms `cw eba f`csla eba gera, eba wm`` hcvl jcrwera es mt stertla scjtlbmbi eba cplbmbi. ^lnczc- E `cbi sferj usla es e fchjcrt tcc` aurmbi `encr eba tc eaoust neny”s pcsmtmcb nljcrl eba aurmbi `encr. ^mplbmbi Flrvmx- Qgl scjtlbmbi cj tgl flrvmx nljcrl `encr nlimbs. ^CH- ^upturl cj Hlhnrebls, wglb tgl nei c j wetlrs nrleds. Ve`mbl @cfd- E`sc dbcwb es e glp-`cfd, gmstcrmfe``y4 tgms ms eb MZ fetgltlr, p`efla mb e vlmb mb tgl erh cr geba, j`usgla wmtg se`mbl, eba feppla cjj mb fesl urilbt eahmbmstretmcb cj e arui ms bllala `etlr cb. QCFC- Vgcrt jcr feramctcfcirepgy, e hcbmtcr tget hlesurls utlrmbl fcbtreftmcbs eba jlte` glertnlet. QC@EF- Qrme` cj @encr ejtlr Flserleb4 Flser leb4 tgl tlrh alsfrmnls e wcheb wgc webts tc try tc gevl e veimbe` nmrtg ejtlr e F-slftmcb nut ges bct ylt fchp`ltla tgl veimbe` nmrtg. Qcfc`ysms- Eb ebtm-fcbtreftmcb hlamfetmcb tc ste`` cr stcp `encr. Qrebsvlrsl Neny- Yglb tgl neny `mls smalweys cr tgl neny”s glea ms `ccdmbi tc tgl smal. \tlrmbl Algmsflbfl- Yglb tgl utlrmbl sfer cplbs s`migt`y nut bct tgrcuig tgl l btmrl amstebfl cj tgl utlrmbl sfer. \tlrmbl ^upturl- Yglb tgl utlrmbl sfer cplbs tgrcuig e`` tgrll `eylrs cj tgl utlrmbl we``. \tlrmbl Ymbacw- Yglrl tgl sfer tmssul cj tgl utlrmbl sfer ms strltfgla tgmb eba ycu feb sll tgrcuig mt.
[eil | 5;5
ZNEF- Zeimbe` Nmrtg ejtlr Flserleb4 Flserl eb4 tgl cjjmfme` tmt`l ejtlr e wcheb ges e Flserleb eba tglb al`mvlrs veimbe``y. E sufflssju` QC@EF. ZNEHF- Zeimbe` Nmrtg ejtlr Hu`tmp`l Flserlebs4 wglb e hctglr fgccsls tc gevl e veimbe` nmrtg ejtlr twc cr hcrl Flserlebs. Ylnstlr-flrtmjmla Fgmrcpreftcr- E fgmrcpreftcr flrtmjmla tc plrjcrh e splfmjmf typl cj sefre` eaousthlbt tc gl`p tgl hctglr”s pl`vmf e`mibhlbt eba blrvcus systlh.
Jcr hcrl aljmbmtmcbs vmsmt? gttps?//www.nlttlrgle`tg.vmf.icv.eu/gle`tg/VlrvmflsEbaVuppcrt/hlamfe`-tlrhs-eba-aljmbmtmcbs-aurmbiprlibebfy-eba-nmrtg
[eil | 5;>
E[[LBAMW > ‖ > ‖ ^LFCHHLBALA ^LFCHHLBALA ^LVC\^FLV Yl lbfcureil ycu tc stuay eba ami lvlb allplr mbtc tgl erles tget rlscbetl wl`` wmtg ycu. Glrl erl schl rlfchhlbala rlscurfls tget wl `cvl.
Cptmhe` Jlte` [csmtmcb ^lscurfls Qgl Hm`ls Fmrfumt? www.hm`lsfmrfumt.fch Nl``y heppmbi? spmbbmbinenmls.fch/`lerb-hcrl/neny-pcsmtmcbs/nl``y-heppmbi spmbbmbinenmls.fch/`lerb-hcrl/neny-pcsmtmcbs/nl``y-heppmbi Qrutgs eba Hytgs encut C[ Neny? spmbbmbinenmls.fch/`lerb-hcrl/neny-pcsmtmcbs/ctglr-jlte`spmbbmbinenmls.fch/`lerb-hcrl/neny-pcsmtmcbs/ctglr-jlte`pcsmtmcbs/cp-trutgs-hytgs
Nccds Nmrtgmbi Bcrhe``y Ejtlr e Flserleb cr Qwc ny Qwc ny Gí`çbl Zealncbfclur Gcw tc Gle` e Nea Nmrtg ny Nmrtg ny Alnny E. Icu`a eba Hl`msse O Nrumob Qgl ZNEF Fchpebmcb ny Fchpebmcb ny Amebe Dcrtl Mbe Hey ” Fgm`anmrtg ny Mbe Hey Iesdmb ”s Iumal tc Beture` Fgm`anmrtg ny Nmrtgmbi jrch Ymtgmb ny Ymtgmb ny [eh Lbi`eba eba ^cn Gcrcwmtz Fut, Vtep`la, & Hlbala ny ny ^cebbe ^cslwcca
Ylnsmtls Qgl ZNEF @mbd N`ci? www.tglZNEF`mbd.fch/n`ci EFCI? www.efci.cri MFEB? www.mfeb-cb`mbl.cri ZNEF.fch? www.ZNEF.fch Lvmalbfl-nesla Nmrtg? lvmalbflneslanmrtg.fch Jrch Aeas tc Aeas? w Aeas? www.jrchaeastcaeas.cri.u ww.jrchaeastcaeas.cri.ud d
[cafests Qgl ZNEF @mbd [cafest?
[email protected] Qgl Nlttlr Nmrtg [cafest? QwcAcplAcu`es.`mnsyb.fch Qgl Nmrtg Gcur? QglNmrtgGcur.fch
[eil | 5;6
E[[LBAMW 6 - ^LJL^LBFLV ^LJL^LBFLV EFCI. (>;5<). Vfrllbmbi jcr [lrmbete` Alprlssmcb Fchhmttll Cpmbmcb :6;. :6; . Jrch gttps?//www.efci.cri/F`mbmfe`-Iumaebfl-eba-[un`mfetmcbs/Fchhmttll-Cpmbmcbs/Fchhmttll-cbCnstltrmf-[reftmfl/Vfrllbmbi-jcr-[lrmbete`-Alprlssmcb EFCI. (>;5:). Essmstla (>;5:). Essmstla Zeimbe` Al`mvlry Al`mvlry . Jrch gttps?//www.efci.cri/[etmlbts/JEUs/Essmstla-Zeimbe`Al`mvlry EFCI. (>;59). Lxflrfmsl Aurmbi [rlibebfy . Jrch EFCI? gttps?//www.efci.cri/[etmlbts/JEUs/LxlrfmslAurmbi-[rlibebfy EFCI. (>;59). [reftmfl Nu``ltmb Bc. 571? Zeimbe` Nmrtg Ejtlr Flserleb Al`mvlry . Jrch gttps?//ocurbe`s.`ww.fch/irllbocurbe`/Ju``tlxt/>;59/55;;;/[reftmflSNu``ltmbSBcSS571SSSZei mbe`SNmrtgSEjtlr.17.espx EFCI. (>;59). Zeimbe` Vllambi, Fchhmttll Cpmbmcb Bc. 9><. 9>< . Jrch gttps?//www.efci.cri/F`mbmfe`Iumaebfl-eba-[un`mfetmcbs/Fchhmttll-Cpmbmcbs/Fchhmttll-cb-Cnstltrmf-[reftmfl/Zeimbe`Vllambi EFCI. (>;57). EFCI (>;57). EFCI Fchhmttl Cpmbmcb Buhnlr 91<. 91<. Jrch gttps?//www.efci.cri/F`mbmfe`-Iumaebfleba-[un`mfetmcbs/Fchhmttll-Cpmbmcbs/Fchhmttll-cb-Cnstltrmf-[reftmfl/Hcal-cj-QlrhVmbi`ltcb-Nrllfg-Al`mvlry EFCI. (>;57). Butrmtmcb Aurmbi [rlibebfy . Jrch gttps?//www.efci.cri/[etmlbts/JEUs/ButrmtmcbAurmbi-[rlibebfy EFCI, VHJH. (>;51). Vejl [rlvlbtmcb cj tgl [rchery Flserleb Alm`mvlry . Jrch gttp?//www.efci.cri/^lscurflsSEbaS[un`mfetmcbs/CnstltrmfSFerlSFcbslbsusSVlrmls/VejlS[rl vlbtmcbScjStglS[rmherySFlserlebSAl`mvlry E``mscb, A. N., Jcbtembl, D. L., Hebscb, O. O., & Vt lvlbs, Q. (5===). Ebbue` Aletgs Ettrmnuten`l tc Cnlsmty mb tgl \bmtla Vtetls. OEHE Vtetls. OEHE,, 5<6;-5<67. Ehlrmfeb Febflr Vcfmlty. (>;57). Dly Vtetmstmfs jcr Hl`ebche Vdmb Febflr . Jrch gttps?//www.febflr.cri/febflr/hl`ebche-sdmb-febflr/encut/dly-stetmstmfs.gth` Ehlrmfeb [rlibebfy Esscfmetmcb. (>;5<). ZNEF? Zeimbe` Nmrtg Ejtlr Flserleb. Flserleb . Jrch gttp?//ehlrmfebprlibebfy.cri/`encr-eba-nmrtg/vnef/ Nelr, I. (>;;6). @mjl? Qgl Caas. @cbacb, Caas. @cbacb, Lbi`eba? [lbiumb [un`msgmbi Ircup. Ney`ls, N., & \setmbl, ^. (>;5:). Lvlbmbi [rmhrcsl Cm` . Jrch gttps?//www.eejp.cri/ejp/>;;=/5>5;56). Qreuhetmf Fgm`anmrtg. @cbacb? Fgm`anmrtg. @cbacb? ^cut`lail. N`cubt, A. (>;;<). Ircwmbi e Neny? Amlt eba Butrmtmcb mb [rlibebfy. Qgl Nmrtg Dmt , pp. >7->=. Ncgrlb, H., Gcjhlyr, I., Vede`e, F., Juduzewe, ^., & Futgnlrt, E. (>;59, Ncgrlb, H4 Gcjhlyr I4 Vede`e, F4 Juduzewe ^4 Futgnlrt E.). Fcbtmbucus Vuppcrt jcr Ychlb Aurmbi Fgm`anmrtg Fgm`anmrtg.. Jrch gttps?//www.bfnm.b`h.bmg.icv/punhla/>7:75<;; FAF, BFGV. (>;5<). Glert Amslesl. Amslesl. Jrch FAF? gttps?//www.faf.icv/glertamslesl/jefts.gth Freimb, L. (5=5:). Fcbslrvetmsh mb Cnstltrmfs. Blw Cnstltrmfs. Blw ]crd? B] Hla.
[eil | 5;1
Alf`lri, L. ^., Fglbi, L. ^., & Vede`e, F. (>;57). Acls hetlrbmty ferl alfmsmcb-hedmbi fcbjcrh tc sgerla alfmsmcb- hedmbi stebaeras jcr rlplet flserleb eba `encr mbauftmcb ejtlr susplftla hefrcschme3 Jrch Jrch gttps?//www.bfnm.b`h.bmg gttps?//www.bfnm.b`h.bmg.icv/punhla/>==61=75 .icv/punhla/>==61=75 Alddlr, ^. (>;59). Lvmalbfl Jcr Acu`es. Acu`es. Jrch gttps?//lvmalbflneslanmrtg.fch/tgl-lvmalbfl-jcr-acu gttps?//lvmalbflneslanmrtg.fch/tgl-lvmalbfl-jcr-acu`es/ `es/ Iclr, G., & Qchebc, E. (>;5>). Cptmhe` Ferl mb Fgm`anmrtg? Qgl fesl jcr e pgysmc`cimf epprcefg. Vlett`l? epprcefg. Vlett`l? F`essmf Aey [un`msgmbi. Iumsl, O. H., Lalb, D. F., Albheb, A lbheb, H. E., Hersge``, B., Ju, ^., Oebmd, ^., . . . HfAcbeig, H. (>;5;). Zeimbe` Nmrtg Ejtlr Flserleb? Blw Mbsmigts. Lvmalbfl ^lpcrt/Qlfgbc`ciy Esslsshlbt Bc.5=5. ^cfdvm``l, HA? Eilbfy jcr Gle`tgferl ^leslerfg eba Uue`mty. Iumttml, H. O., Ctglbmb-Imrera, Z., & Mrmcb, C. (>;51). Hetlrbe` [csmtmcbmbi tc Fcrrlft Cffmput-[cstlrmcr Jlte` [csmtmcb mb @encur . Jrch gttps?//www.bfnm.b`h.b gtt ps?//www.bfnm.b`h.bmg.icv/phf/ertmf`ls/[HF6=1>;:1/ mg.icv/phf/ertmf`ls/[HF6=1>;:1/ Gletg, Q. (>;57). ]cur Fgebfls cj eb M^V Euamt Erl Yey Acwb. Acwb . Jrch gttps?//www.wesgmbitcbpcst.fch/nusmblss/lfcbchy/ycur-fgebfls-cj-eb-mrs-euamt-erl-weyacwb-nut-dllp-mt-cb-tgl-up-eba-up/>;57/;1/;:/fn:f<9=1-699=-55l7-=f;e7
>:Sstcry.gth`3bcrlamrlft8cb&uthStlrh8.5;l1f>l7a66= Gc``eba, E., Fgubi, A., Ymbi, A, ^uhbly, [., Veu`, @., Beilcttl, H., & @eirlw, @eirl w, A. (>;;:). Ltgbmf amspermty mb tgl sufflss cj veimbe` nmrtg ejtlr fl serleb al`mvlry. Qgl ocurbe` cj hetlrbe`-jlte` & blcbete` hlamfmbl, 5=, 5=, 176-9. Oudl`lvmfs, B., & Ym`j, ^. (>;;=). Nrlestjllambi ms [rmfl`lss. [rmfl`lss . Jrch gttp?//www.hctglrjrmlba`y.cri/acwb`ceas Demslr Jehm`y Jcubaetmcb. (>;59). CLFA Gle`tg Aete? Gle`tg Vtetus? Gle`tg Vtetus Mbamfetcrs. CLFA Gle`tg Vtetmstmfs Aetenesl. Aetenesl . Dlhl`, O. (>;5:). : Yeys Acu`es Feb Vuppcrt Jehm`mls [`ebbmbi ZNEFs . Jrch gttps?//www.acbe.cri/:weys-acu`es-feb-suppcrt-jehm`mls-p`ebbmbi-vnefs/ Dlbbl`, O., De`us, H., ^cnlrtscb, V., & Gmbd`ly, F. (5==5). Fcbtmbucus lhctmcbe` suppcrt aurmbi `encr mb e \V gcspmte`. E rebachmzla fcbtrc``la trme`. Dmlslr, D. L., & Nesdltt, Q. J. (>;;>). E (>;;>). E tlb yler pcpu`etmcb nesla stuay cj utlrmbl rupturl. rupturl. Jrch Jrch gttps?//ocurbe`s.`ww.fch/irllbocurbe`/ju``tlxt/>;;>/5;;;;/eS5;SylerSpcpu`etmcbSneslaSstu ayScjSutlrmbl.>>.espx @crl, H. (>;57). \hnm`mfe` Fcra [rc`epsl eba Ctglr Fcra Lhlrilbfmls. Lhlrilbfmls . Jrch gttps?//www.i`cwh.fch/slftmcbSvmlw/gleambi/\hnm`mfe`%>;Fcra%>;[rc`epsl%>;eba%>;Ctg lr%>;Fcra%>;Lhlrilbfmls/mtlh/56: Hertmb, O. E., Gehm`tcb, N. L., & Cstlrheb, H. O. (>;5<). Nmrtgs? Jmbe` Aete jcr >;56. Hertmb, O. E., Gehm`tcb, N. L., Cstlrheb, H. O., Armsfc``, E. @., & Aredl, [. (>;57). Nmrtgs? Jmbe` aete jcr >;5:. Gyettsvm``l, >;5:. Gyettsvm``l, HA? Betmcbe` Flbtlr Jcr Gle`tg Vtetmstmfs. Hetdc, D. (>;56). ]cur Fgebfl cj Nlfchmbi eb MA Qgljt Zmftmh Ms Irletlr Qgeb ]cu Qgmbd . Jrch gttps?//www.hcblyte`dsblws.fch/ycur-fgebfl-cj-nlfchmbi-eb-ma-tgljt-vmftmh-ms-irletlrtgeb-ycu-tgmbd/ Hezuhaer, H. A. (>;5:). Flpge`cpl`vmf Amsprcpcrtmcb (F[A). (F[A) . Jrch gttp?//iybelcb`mbl.fch/fpa.gth
[eil | 5;<
HfFertgy, [. (>;57). Je``mbi Mbourmls & Jete`mty ^etls. ^etls. Jrch gttps?//www.cjjirmawln.fch/survmve`/je``mbi-mbourmls-jete`mty-retls/ Hm`ls, H. (>;;7). Qgl Hm`ls Fmrumt . Jrch gttp?//www.hm`lsfmrfumt.fch Hctchure, D. (>;59). YGC Hu`tmfcubtry Vurvly cb Hetlrbe` eba Blwncrb Gle`tg. Vfmlbfl ^lpcrt , 5;. Beguh, I. I. (>;57). \tlrmbl ^upturl mb [rlibebfy . Jrch gttps?//rljlrlbfl.hlasfepl.fch/ertmf`l/>9<7<1-cvlrvmlw Betmcbe` Mbstmtutl cj Fgm`a Gle`tg eba Guheb Alvl`cphlbt, Hetlrbe`-Jlte` Hlamfmbl \bmts Bltwcrd . (>;;9). Alvl`cphlbt cj e bchcireh jcr prlamftmcb cj veimbe` nmrtg ejtlr flserleb al`mvlry. Cnstltrmfs eba Iyblfc`ciy, vc`uhl 5;=, 5;=, 7;:-75>. [lrry, O. F. (>;5:). Jrch Qgl N`efd HEtlrbe` Hcrte`mty ^etl mb tgl \V Ms eb Mbtlrbetmcbe` Frmsms? gttps?//www.tglrcct.fch/tgl-n`efd-hetlrbe`-hcrte`mty-retl-mb-tgl-us-ms-eb-mbtlr-59=;7<9;55 [rcftcr, @. H. (>;56). Qgl Guheb Hmfrcnmchl? E Qrul Vtcry encut ]cu eba Qrm``mcbs cj ]cur F`cslst (Hmfrcsfcpmf) Jrmlbas. Jrmlbas . Jrch gttp?//www.eftmcbnmcsfmlbfl.cri/ilbchmfs/tglSguhebShmfrcnmchl.gth` [rcplrty Fesue`ty Mbsurlrs Esscfmetmcb cj Ehlrmfe. (>;57). Gcw Heby Qmhls Ym`` ]cu Fresg ]cur Fer . Fer . Jrch gttps?//www.jcrnls.fch/smtls/hcblynum`a gttps?//www.jcrnls.fch/smtls/hcblynum`alr/>;55/;9/>9/gcw-heby-tmhls-wm``-yculr/>;55/;9/>9/gcw-heby-tmhls-wm``-ycufresg-ycur-fer/#99>5j1aj1l:> ^etg, Y., & Qsmdcures, [. (>;57). Hmscprcstc` jcr @encur Mbauftmcb ejtlr [rlZmcus Felserleb Vlftmcb Jcrlvlr e "Bc Ic"3 Jrch Jrch gttps?//www.bfnm.b`h.b gttps?//www.bfnm.b`h.bmg.icv/phf/ertmf`ls/[HF1:97;<5/ mg.icv/phf/ertmf`ls/[HF1:97;<5/ ^ut`lail, V. V., Csncrbl, F., & M``uzzm, O. (>;56). Cutfchls cj Ferl mb Nmrtg Flbtl rs? Alhcbstretmcb cj e Auren`l Hcal`. Ocurbe` Hcal`. Ocurbe` cj Hmawmjlry eba Ychlb's Ychlb's Gle`tg, Gle`tg, 6-51. Veieay, @. H., & ^chebc, E. (>;;9). Fce`mtmcb jcr M hprcvmbi HEtlrbmty Vlrvmfls? Nmrtg Feb Vejl`y Qedl [`efl et Gchl eba mb Nmrtgmbi Flbtlrs. Ocurbe` Flbtlrs. Ocurbe` cj [lrmbete` Laufetmcb Laufetmcb,, 75-77. Vl`he, H., Qejjl`, N., [eu`, O., & Qlrm, @. (5=79, Euiusy). Qrlbas mb tgl \bmtla Vtetls F lserleb Vlftmcb ^etl. Ehlrmfeb ^etl. Ehlrmfeb Ocurbe` cj [un`mf [un`mf Gle`tg, Zc`. 99, Bc. 7, 7, pp. =<<-=<=. Vtehm`mc, A., Vtehm`mc, L., AlJrebfc, L., [. E., Camnc, O., [lmplrt, O., . . . Vtlvl bs, I. (>;;9). Vgcrt mbtlrprlibebfy mbtlrve`? rmsd cj utlrmbl rupturl eba fchp`mfetmcbs cj v eimbe` nmrtg ejtlr flserleb al`mvlry. Jrch al`mvlry. Jrch gttps?//www.bfnm.b`h.bmg gttps?//www.bfnm.b`h.bmg.icv/punhla/59=975>> .icv/punhla/59=975>> Zmrlaey, [. (>;;=). E (>;;=). E Gmstcry cj ZNEFs eba Flserlebs Flserlebs mb tgl \VE. \VE. Jrch gttps?//wl``rcubalahehe.n`cispct.fch/>;;=/;6/gmstcry-cj-vnefs-eba-flserlebs-mb-use.gth` Zmte, H. (>;51). Vtcp Vtrmppmbi Hlhnrebls. Hlhnrebls . Jrch gttps?//www.burturmbiglertsnmrtgslrvmfls.fch/n`ci/3p8>> Ylla, V. (5=7:). ^la F`cvlr? Jlrtm`mty Glrn eba Qcbmf. Qcbmf .
[eil | 5;:
