H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs
W@. :.3 XWÉ GS OH IFEGFIGZËH @G KGFÔS Y CÓKA HYW@H H EHFHZ KÈS @IFGZA CAF OH CHZPH. Oh phohjrh ifegfigrëh, fas pug`g safhr h uf pracgsa ohrea, oogfa `g mórkuohs y bhsth ifcousa casta. Erhcihs ho khrlgtife, gsth ifegfigrëh, sg pug`g `gmifir caka4 Oh cafcrgcióf `g ufh i`gh gf oh rghoi`h`. Gsta quigrg `gcir qug, h trhvés `g técfichs `isgøas y ka`goas y caf go cafacikigfta pravgfigftg `g ohs cigfcihs, oh ifegfigrëh pug`g rgsaovgr prajogkhs y shtismhcgr fgcgsi`h`gs bukhfhs. Oh ifegfigrëh thkjiéf supafg oh hpoichcióf `g oh ifvgftivh y `go ifegfia phrh `gshrraoohr ufh cigrth hctivi`h`. Gsta par supugsta, fa ikpoich qug fa sg utioicg go kéta`a cigftëmica phrh oogvhr h chja oas pohfgs. Crgh`h par Kicbhgo Lhshvhfhy Lhshvhfhy @afho` D.Skitb D.Skitb gf 892:, oh ifegfigrëh `g kgfôs, gs ufh bgrrhkigfth bgrrhkigfth cakôfkgftg utioizh`h gf oh hpoichcióf `g prgcias `go kgfô kg`ihftg oh cuho sg gxhkifhf4 Ohs vgfths rghoizh`hs `g oas pohtas `go kgfô.
Go prgcia `g vgfth.
Go casta `g pra`uccióf.
Caka vgkas oh ifegfigrëh `g kgfôs, sg gfmach prifciphokgftg gf oh rgfthjioi`h` qug sg pra`ucg `gftra `g ohs vgfths rghoizh`hs y fa saoa gf oas castas `g pra`uccióf. Zgcar`gkas ta`as oas kéta`as `g midhcióf `g prgcias qug bgkas vista, gstg gs ufa `imgrgftg y jhda ki gxpgrigfcih ufa `g oas kès gmgctivas. Go khregf `g caftrijucióf (prgcia `g vgfth - casta `g pra`uccióf) gs oh cohvg phrh oogvhr h chja go hfèoisis `g oh ifegfigrëh `go kgfô. Phfta go khregf `g caftrijucióf caka go fôkgra `g ufi`h`gs vgf`i`hs `g ch`h kgfô (papuohri`h`) saf chocuoh`as y pohskh`as gf ufh erèmich qug `gmifg cuèogs saf oas pohtiooas caf kès papuohri`h` y oas kès rgfthjogs rgfthjogs y hsë pa`gr takhr `gcisiafgs gf jhsg h sus rgsuoth`as.
^arqug tg `hrè oh kiskh visióf qug tigfg go coigftg `g gooh.
^arqug vgrès cohrhkgftg go rgpartg `g vgfths `g oas ôotikas kgsgs, këfika : sgkhfhs.
^hrh ajtgfgr go maa` cast bhsth gstg kakgfta.
^arqug sg gstikh qug ifcrgkgfth oas ifergsas `go 7 ho 8>% sóoa caf oh Ifegfigrëh `g Kgfôs.
^arqug sg pug`g `irieir oh vgfth h oas pohtas rgfthjogs.
^arqug ifciths ho coigftg h cakprhr oa qug tô quigrgs vgf`gr.
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs
±^gra, par qué hfhoizhr oh chrth y rg`isgøhroh caf gsth gstrhtgeih1 ±Cuèo gs su ikparthfcih1 Cuhf`a iftgfths vgr `g qué markh sg pug`gf ifcrgkgfthr oas ifergsas `g tu t u gsthjogcikigfta, oh markh kès mècio gs ifcrgkgfthr go ticlgt kg`ia `g tus coigftgs hctuhogs, gsta quigrg `gcir qug, hufqug tuviérhkas go kiska fôkgra `g coigftgs gf uf pgrëa`a `gtgrkifh`a `g tigkpa, pa`gkas sujir oas ifergsas si gstas coigftgs pi`gf oas pohtas kès rgfthjogs `g oh chrth y si h gsta og sukhkas uf ifcrgkgfta `g coigftgs, fugstrh cugfth `g gxpoathcióf oa herh`gcgrè. Gsth bgrrhkigfth `g khrlgtife sieug uf ka`goa cuhftithtiva `isgøh`a phrh praparciafhr ufh jhsg phrh hfhoizhr go éxita `g uf kgfô, thfta thft a gf térkifas `g htrhgr h oas coigftgs caka gf térkifas `g rgfthjioi`h`, gstg gs uf gfmaqug arigfth`a h oh `gkhf`h y h oh rgfthjioi`h`, caka bg kgfciafh`a. Gsth gstrhtgeih, cafsistg gf hfhoizhr y cakphrhr ohs vgfths `g oas pohtas `g oh chrth gftrg së, gsth gstrhtgeih fa hfhoizh go rgf`ikigfta `g atras rgsthurhftgs, sifa qug gs ufh bgrrhkigfth `g egstióf iftgrfh y ôfich phrh ch`h gsthjogcikigfta. Atrh chrhctgrëstich `g oh ifegfigrëh `g kgfôs gs qug, h oh barh `g cakphrhr go rgf`ikigfta `g oas pohtas, phrh takhr pastgriargs `gcisiafgs, `gcisiafgs, sg `gjg bhcgr `gftra `g ohs kiskhs mhkioihs `g hoikgftas. ^ar gdgkpoa, sg cakphrhf ta`as oas gftrhftgs, sg ki`g su papuohri`h` y rgfthjioi`h` y sg `gci`g qué bhcgr caf gsth ifmarkhcióf, pgra fa sg pug`gf cakphrhr rgf`ikigftas gftrg `imgrgftgs mhkioihs, yh qug fa fas sgrvirëh phrh pasiciafhr oas pohtas h`gcuh`hkgftg h`gcuh`hkgftg `gftra `g oh chrth. Hbarh, si oa qug juschkas, gs shjgr cuèogs saf fugstras pohtas kès rgfthjogs y papuohrgs y ho caftrhria, oas qug kgfas `ifgra fas `gdhf y oas qug chsi fa sg vgf`gf, pgra saoa caka ifmarkhcióf eoajho, gftafcgs së vga apartufa, cakphrhr ohs vgfths `g ta`as oas pohtas h oh vgz. Caf gsth gstrhtgeih fa aovi`gs qug oa qug bhcg rgfthjog h uf pohta `g oh chrth, fa gs su casta, sifa su khregf `g ehfhfcih jruth.
^rgcia `g vgfth – Casta `g khtgrih prikh ; Ehfhfcih jruth
]hkas h vgr uf gdgkpoa, phrh qug vghkas oh mifhoi`h` `g oh ifegfigrëh `g kgfôs h oh barh `g bhcgr ufh chrth y oh ikparthfcih qug tigfg oh ehfhfcih jruth. ^ohta
Casta
^rgcia `g vgfth
Ehfhfcih Jruth
% Casta
% E.J
^aooa hsh`a
3
83
8>
:3%
55%
Gftrgcat pikigfth
0,9
85
8:,8
:9%
58%
Si sg hfhoizh `gs`g go pufta `g visth trh`iciafho, phrh go gsthjogcikigfta oh vgfth `go paooa sgrëh kgdar qug oh `go gftrgcat, yh qug go parcgfthdg `g ehfhfcih jruth qug `gdh go paooa rgprgsgfth uf =% kès. Sif gkjhrea, si sg ajsgrvh oh ehfhfcih jruth q ug ug egfgrh ch`h pohta, qug`hf 8>₯ gf oh vgfth `go paooa caftrh 8:,8>₯ gf oh `go gftrgcat. Oh chrfg caftrijuyg caf :,8>₯ h`iciafhogs phrh phehr atras ehstas y phrh egfgrhr
oh ehfhfcih fgcgshrih phrh oaerhr ufh apgrhcióf rgfthjog. Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs
^grëa`a `g rgcaogccióf `g `htas. Oh ifmarkhcióf qug sg rgquigrg phrh oogvhr h chja gstg tipa `g caftrao pug`g rgcaogcthrsg `urhftg, par gdgkpoa, uf pgrëa`a `g `as sgkhfhs. Go khrca `g tigkpa `g oh rgcaogccióf r gcaogccióf `g `htas, gs ufh ohs `gcisiafgs gspgcëmichs qug oas gfchreh`as `g bhcgr oh chrth, `gjgf tgfgr gf cugfth hftgs `g cakgfzhr. Oa kiska phsh cuhf`a go rgsthurhftg sirvg caki`hs, gf `imgrgftgs kakgftas `g cafsuka, caka saf ohs caki`hs, cgfhs, `gshyufas y kgrigf`hs, yh qug oas phrèkgtras, `imigrgf gftrg uf sgekgfta y atra. Gs ôtio gxprgshr `imgrgftgs erupas `g pra`uctas gf térkifas `g parcgfthdgs, caf oh mifhoi`h` `g gdgrcgr caftrao gf oh cacifh. Oas parcgfthdgs `g ch`h erupa `gjgf pgrkhfgcgr rgohtivhkgftg gsthjogs `g uf pgria`a `g tigkpa h atra. Gf oh if`ustrih, ehfhfcih jruth sg `gmifg caka oh `imgrgfcih gftrg go prgcia `g vgfth `g uf pohta y su casta `g khtgrihs prikh. ^rgcia `g vgfth – Casta ; Ehfhfcih jruth @g oh kiskh markh4 Casta `go hoikgfta + Ehfhfcih jruth ; ^rgcia `g vgfth Go ^rgcia `g vgfth sigkprg rgprgsgfth go 8>>%.
Gdgkpoa4 Go prgcia `g vgfth `g uf pohta gs `g =,7>₯. Go casta `go kiska pohta gs `g 3,7>₯. ^ar oa thfta oh ehfhfcih jruth gs `g 3₯. Gs cakôf gxprgshr oh ehfhfcih jruth caka parcgfthdg `go prgcia `g vgfth.
Cuhoquigr chkjia gf oas parcgfthdgs `gjg sgr hfhoizh`a h maf`a phrh `gtgrkifhr h cuèo `g ohs sieuigftgs chushs sg `gjg4 ➪
Wf hukgfta gf go casta `go pohta sif uf carrgspaf`igftg hukgfta gf go prgcia `g vgfth.
➪
Wf kho caftrao `g ohs parciafgs, uf hukgfta gf go thkhøa `g ohs parciafgs hukgfth su parcgfthdg `g casta.
➪
@gspgr`icia y kgrkhs, gf hoeufh `g gsths apgrhciafgs< cakprh, prgphrhcióf, caccióf a sgrvicia.
➪
Zaja.
Wfa `g oas phrèkgtras qug tgfgkas qug tgfgr gf cugfth phrh gsth bgrrhkigfth gs oh rgfthjioi`h` `g oas pohtas. Oh jhsg phrh kg`ir go erh`a `g rgfthjioi`h` `g fugstras pohtas `g oh chrth, gs oh ehfhfcih jruth prakg`ia.
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs
^ar gdgkpoa, `g ufh mhkioih `g pohtas, tgfgkas qug oh Ehfhfcih Jruth Patho P atho gs `g 8.>>> guras y oh chfti`h` `g pohtas vgf`i`as gs 8>>.
8.>>>/8>> ; Ehfhfcih jruth prakg`ia 8>. Oh ehfhfcih jruth tatho, sg `gtgrkifh sustrhygf`a oas castas tathogs `g ohs khtgrihs prikhs `g ohs vgfths tathogs, `gftra `go pgrëa`a `g gstu`ia, par ôotika, sg chocuoh oh ehfhfcih jruth prakg`ia, `ivi`igf`a oh ehfhfcih jruth tatho, par oh chfti`h` `g oas pohtas vgf`i`as `urhftg gsg khrca `g tigkpa. ]gfths tathogs – Castas tathogs ; Ehfhfcih jruth tatho.
Caf gsth ifmarkhcióf, sg pug`g `gtgrkifhr si ch`h pohta gs rgfthjog a fa, cakphrèf`aoa caf go prakg`ia4 Wf pohta rgfthjog gs hqugo gf go qug oh ehfhfcih jruth if`ivi`uho gs ieuho a khyar h oh `go prakg`ia `g ta`as oas pohtas.
Fakjrg
Casta
^]
Ehfhfcih jruth rgfthjioi`h`
Zhviaois
:,:> ₯
88 ₯
2,2> ₯ Jhdh
0:>
3.=9= ₯
^aooa
3₯
83 ₯
8> ₯ Hoth
3=>
3.=>> ₯
Gftrgcat
0,9> ₯
85 ₯
8:,8> ₯ Hoth
87>
8.287 ₯
Oujifh
7₯
80 ₯
9 ₯ Jhdh
5>
=3> ₯
Patho
Chfti`h` vgf`i`h
8.>>>
EJ ^rakg`ia
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
Ehfhfcih jruth tatho
9.508 9,50 ₯
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs Caka vgkas, oh rgfthjioi`h`, oh bgkas ajtgfi`a `ivi`igf`a oh ehfhfcih jruth tatho, par oas pohtas vgf`i`as ➪
Gdgkpoa `g oh Zgfthjioi`h` Zhviaois4 3.=9=/0:> ; 2.2>₯
Gstg kiska cèocuoa, sg `gjg bhcgr caf ta`as oas pohtas y vgr hsë, cuèogs saf oas qug fas bhrèf ifergshr kès rgfthjioi`h` h fugstrhs chdhs. Go atra phrèkgtra qug tgfgkas qug tgfgr gf cugfth gs oh papuohri`h` `g oas pohtas `g oh chrth. ^hrh pa`gr gstu`ihr gsth papuohri`h`, sg gstikh bipatétichkgftg, qug ta`as oas pohtas saf ieuho `g papuohrgs, gs `gcir, qug ch`h pohta caftrijuyg `g oh kiskh khfgrh ho 8>>% `g ohs vgfths . Gsta sg chocuoh `ivi`igf`a 8>>% (ohs vgfths tathogs) par go fôkgra `g pohtas qug tgfgkas gf oh chrth. H gstg parcgfthdg hsiefh`a gquithtivhkgftg h ch`h pohta rgspgcta h ohs vgfths tathogs sg og cafacg caka ‟kix i`gho‛
^ar gdgkpoa, si gxistigsgf, sóoa cuhtra pohtas gf uf kgfô, sg gspgrh qug ch`h pohta pra`uzch go :7% `go tatho `g ohs vgfths (8>>/0 ; :7) @g oh kiskh khfgrh si gxistgf 8> pohtas gf oh chrth, go kix i`gh `g ch`h pohta gs `go 8>% `g ohs vgfths. vgfths.
Ëf`icg `g papuohri`h`. H oh jhsg phrh kg`ir go erh`a `g papuohri`h` `g ch`h pohta, sg og `gfakifh, ëf`icg `g papuohri`h`. Oh ifegfigrëh `g kgfôs, `gmifg oh papuohri`h` `gtgrkifhf`a go ëf`icg h phrtir `go cuho sg pug`gf cakphrhr cigrtas vhoargs rghogs. Gsta sg oaerh kuotipoichf`a go parcgfthdg qug sg gspgrh `g oh vgfth `g ch`a pohta, caka bgkas vista, go kix i`gho par 5>%
Ikparthftg4 Gsth cimrh `go 5>% bh si`a midh`h par go crgh`ar `g oh gstrhtgeih, fa og `gis kucbhs vugoths h oh cimrh. Gftafcgs sg hfhoizhf ohs vgfths `g ch`h pohta, gf uf pgrëa`a `gtgrkifh`a y cóka caftrijuygf ésths rghokgftg ho tatho `g ohs vgfths, phrh `gtgrkifhr hsë, go kix rgho.
Oh ifmarkhcióf sg pug`g `gtgrkifhr si ch`h pohta gs papuohr a fa, cakphrèf`aoa caf go ëf`icg `g papuohri`h`4 Wf pohta gs hqugo gf go qug su kix rgho, gs ieuho a khyar ho ëf`icg `g papuohri`h`.
Go cafcgpta, `g ëf`icg `g papuohri`h`, bhcg pasijog kg`ir gf uf kgfô `gtgrkifh`a, oh papuohri`h` rgohtivh `g ch`h pohta rgspgcta ho rgsta. Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs Gf uf kgfô, par gdgkpoa, `g sóoa cuhtra pohtas, sg cafsi`grhrëh papuohr ho pohta qug ifergshrh go 85.7>7 a kès `go tatho `g ohs vgfths (:7% x 5>% ó >,:7 x a, 5> x 8>> ; 85.7>%) ^ar atra oh`a, gf go chsa, `g uf kgfô `g `igz pohtas, uf pohta sg cafsi`grh papuohr si mugrh rgspafshjog, sóoa `go 5% `g ohs vgfths (8>7 x 5>% ó >,8> x >,5> x 8>> ; 5%)
Fakjrg
Casta
^]
Chfti`h` ]gf`i`h
Kix Zgho
^apuohri`h`
Zhviaois
:,:> ₯
88 ₯
0:>
0:%
Hoth
^aooa
3 ₯
83 ₯
3=>
3=%
Hoth
Gftrgcat
0,9> ₯
85 ₯
87>
87%
Jhdh
Oujifh
7₯
80 ₯
5>
5%
Jhdh
Wfh vgz, qug yh cafacgkas, sgeôf gstas cèocuoas, cuèogs saf fugstras pohtas kès rgfthjogs, kgfas rgfthjogs, kès papuohrgs y kgfas papuohrgs, yh gsthkas gf `ispasicióf `i spasicióf `g hfhoizhr ohs vgfths `g oh chrth, sgeôf oh khtriz `g oh ifegfigrëh `g kgfôs, qug caka vgkas h caftifuhcióf, sg cohsimichf oas pohtas, `gftra `g cuhtra pasijioi`h`gs.
Gstrgooh.
Chjhooita `g jhthooh.
^uzzog.
^grra.
OHS 0 CHPGEAZËHS SG CHZHCPGZITHF ^AZ4 8. Gstrgoohs4 Gstrgoohs4 Saf papuohrgs y su rgfthjioi`h` gs khyar qug go jgfgmicia prakg`ia `go rgsta `g pohtas. Saf fugstras kgdargs pohtas, oas cuhogs qugrgkas vgf`gr.
:. Chjhooitas `g jhthooh4 Phkjiéf oohkh`as vhch, sg vgf`gf kès qug oh kg`ih, pgra tigfgf ufh kgfar rgfthjioi`h`. Gs gf gstas pohtas `af`g oas o as rgsthurhftgs shchf oh khyarëh `g sus ifergsas. i fergsas.
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs 3. Oas puzogs (siefas `g iftgrraehcióf)4 sg oohkhf hsë, parqug, hufqug sg vgf`gf jigf, fa shjgkas jigf cóka bhcgr qug sg vgf`hf kgdar. kgdar. Sg vgf`gf kgfas qug oh kg`ih. kg`ih. 0. Oas pgrras4 su papuohri`h` y rgfthjioi`h` gs kgfar qug oh kg`ih. Cóka gdgkpoa, `g oas pohtas rgfthjogs y papuohrgs qug bgkas vista, oh o h cohsimichcióf, sgeôf oh ifegfigrëh `g kgfôs, fas qug`hrëh hsë4
Fakjrg
Zgfthjioi`h`
^apuohri`h`
Chtgearëh
Zhviaois
Jhdh
Hoth
Chjhooita
^aooa
Hoth
Hoth
Gstrgooh
Gftrgcat
Hoth
Jhdh
^uzog
Oujifh
Jhdh
Jhdh
^grra
±Cóka takhr `gcisiafgs jhsh`hs gf oas rgsuoth`as `go gstu`ia1 Oh prikgrh rgmogxióf oóeich sgrëh qug`hrsg caf ohs gstrgoohs y `gsbhcgrsg `g oas o as pgrras. Go `gshmëa, vgf`rè gf oh crghtivi`h` phrh bhcgr mufciafhr kgdar thfta gf castgs caka gf oh chrth oas puzogs y chjhooitas `g jhthooh. Ho tgfgr yh fugstras pohtas, `gftra `g gsths cohsimichciafgs, gs cuhf`a vigfg go trhjhda `g ifegfigrëh `g kgfôs, `óf`g tgf`rgkas qug rg`ucir oas castgs `go pohta pgra sif shcrimichr su papuohri`h`.
Gstrgoohs. ^ohtas rgfthjogs y sg vgf`gf jigf. Ohs gstrgoohs saf ëtgks `go kgfô qug tigfg uf hota khregf `g caftrijucióf y sg vgf`gf jigf, saf papuohrgs gftrg tus coigftgs. Kigftrhs kès pug`hs ifmougfcihr h tus coigftgs h pg`ir gstas pohtas, oóeichkgftg, kès rgfthjog sgrèf sgrèf tus apgrhciafgs.
@GCISIAFGS CAF OHS GSPZGOOHS. • ^afoa gf go kgdar sitia `g oh chrth, hbarh vgrès cuèogs saf. • Wtioizh gstas ëtgks gf prakaciafgs, bhz qug tus coigftgs oas cafazchf sigkprg. cóka sujir prgcias sif • Fa chkjigs go prgcia `rèstichkgftg, vgrgkas h caftifuhcióf, cóka
qug go coigftg sg `é cugfth. • Fa chkjigs oh rgcgth a oh prgsgfthcióf, oas coigftgs sg `hrèf cugfth si ogs chkjihs oh rgcgth phrh hjhrhthr castas y tgfgr t gfgr ufh khyar rgfthjioi`h`, fa oa bhehs, sifa phshrèf `g gstrgoohs h pgrras, go coigftg tigfg go pa`gr, ¡fa oa aovi`gs! • Zghoizh vgfth suegstivh, go pgrsafho `gjg suegrir sigkprg gstas pohtas. • Zgshoth gstas pohtas gf oh chrth , gspgcihogs, rgcakgf`hciafgs `go cbgm.
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs
Chjhooitas `g jhthooh. Sg vgf`gf jigf, pgra fa tg `gdhf go khregf `g jgfgmicia qug gspgrhjhs. @GCISIAFGS @G OAS CHJHOOIPAS @G JHPHOOH. • Fa sujhs oas prgcias `g gstas ëtgks, kès hooè `go
prgcia `g kgrch`a, gs ufh jugfh apartufi`h` si tus prgcias gstèf `gjhda `g kgrch`a. • Jusch iferg`igftgs `imgrgftgs phrh jhdhr go casta `g oh rgcgth, sigkprg qug fa bhehf jhdhr oh choi`h`. ^ar gdgkpoa, gf ohs euhrficiafgs, euhrficiafgs, pug`gs jhdhr oh chhfti`h` y oh choi`h`, pgra fufch chkjigs go pra`ucta prifcipho. kuy visijog, yh qug go coigftg oas juschrè juschrè gf oh chrth `g • Fa fgcgsithf gsthr gf uf sitia kuy ta`hs markhs y hsë sg og `h kès visijioi`h` h oas pohtas qug së fas saf rgfthjogs. poht as qug fgcgsitgf `g kucbh prgphrhcióf, tigkpa y khfa `g • Iftgfth qug fa sghf pohtas ajrh. • Zg`ucir go thkhøa `g ufh khfgrh qug fa sg fatg, hyu`hrè h jhdhr oas castas. • Chkjih go kafthdg `go pohta, phrh pa`gr chkjihr go hcakphøhkigfta y oas thkhøas.
^uzogs. Gstas pohtas, saf oas qug egfgrhokgftg kès khregf `g jgfgmicia fas `gdh, pgra ho sgr oas kès chras, fa saf kuy papuohrgs.
@GCISIAFGS CAF OAS ^WTTOGS. • Zgvish go prgcia `g gstg ëtgk mëdhtg qug fa gsté par gfcikh `go prgcia `go kgrch`a, si hsë
mugrh, bhjrëh qug jhdhroa. • Gstu`ih jigf gstg pohta, ±par qué rhzafgs fa sg vgf`g jigf, kirh oh rgcgth, pruéjhoa, gs uf pohta `gkhf`a gf tu oachoi`h`1 Si gs hsë y go prgcia gstè gf go kgrch`a, tho vgz su prgphrhcióf fa sg oh kès h`gcuh`h. • Si gs uf pohta qug rgôfg ta`hs ohs chrhctgrëstichs phrh sgr jigf vgf`i`a, pafoa gf uf sitia visijog `g oh chrth. • Chkjih go fakjrg, iffavh phrh qug oa pi`hf. • @gsthchr go pohta fa sóoa gf oh chrth, sifa gf pizhrrhs y gf oh pujoici`h` `go gsthjogcikigfta. • Hergehr vhoar ho pohta, phrh qug hukgftg su papuohri`h`, kès chfti`h`, kès y kgdar euhrficióf, sigkprg kirhf`a oas castgs. • Sgrëh apartufa suegrir gstas pohtas.
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs
^grras.. Saf pohtas qug fa hparthf kucba khregf `g jgfgmicia y gfcikh fa sg vgf`gf. ^grras
@GCISIAFGS CAF OAS ^GZZAS • Cafsi`grh shchroas `g oh chrth . • Iftgfth chkjihr oas iferg`igftgs y su prgphrhcióf. coigft gs, phrh shjgr par qué fa sg vgf`gf gstas pohtas. poht as. • Jusch mgg`jhcl `g gkpogh`as y coigftgs, • ^ug`gs utioizhr gstas pohtas, caka ëtgks `g prugjh gf oh chrth, si vgs qug hukgfthf sus
vgfths, yh pug`gs vaovgr h ifergshr fugvas `htas h tu Gxcgo y vgr gf qué fugvh pasicióf irëhf gstas pohtas.
Caoachr uf rgcuh`ra phrh oohkhr oh htgfcióf, chkjia `g caoar, suegrgfcihs `go cbgm, gtc. gt c. Iftra`ucir `gs`g gsh pasicióf pohtas fugvas. Caoachr oas pohtas pgrras, sgeôf oh ifegfigrëh `g kgfôs. ^asiciafhkas pohtas qug oh egftg pg`irè `g ta`hs markhs, pohtas kuy cafaci`as.
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs
FGWZAKHZLGPIFE ^HZH PGFGZ WFH CHZPH ZGFPHJOG. Wfh vgz qug gftgf`gkas oh ikparthfcih `g oh chrth gf go rgsthurhftg, qué hspgctas `gjgkas tgfgr gf cugfth, cóka midhr prgcias y shjigf`a yh cuèogs saf oas pohtas kès rgfthjogs y kès papuohrgs gs barh `g hcu`ir ho fgurakhrlgtife, phrh situhr fugstras pohtas gf oas ouehrgs kès gstrhtéeicas phrh sujir ohs vgfths y hukgfthr oh rgfthjioi`h`.
±Xué gs go fgurakhrlgtife y phrh qué sirvg rghokgftg1 Oggr oh kgftg `go cafsuki`ar, cafacgr sus `gsgas y cóka takh `gcisiafgs `g cakprh phrh `isgøhr chkphøhs `g khrlgtife kès gmichcgs gs oa qug prakgtg go fgurakhrlgtife, go kg`ia kès gmichz phrh cafvgfcgr h oas coigftgs h cakprhr oa kès rgfthjog a iftgrgshftg phrh ti.
Go fgurakhrlgtife cafsistg gf oh hpoichcióf `g ohs técfichs `g ifvgstiehcióf `g ohs fguracigfcihs h oh ifvgstiehcióf `g khrlgtife trh`iciafho phrh hyu`hrfas h cakprgf`gr oh rgohcióf gftrg oh kgftg y oh caf`ucth `go `gstifhthria, phrh pa`gr hsë kgdarhr ohs técfichs y rgcursas pujoicithrias, oa qug pug`g cafsi`grhrsg ufa `g oas `gshmëas kès ikparthftgs `go khrlgtife. Go ajdgtiva khyar `g gsth `iscipoifh gs `g gxpoichr fugstras cakparthkigftas `g cafsuka h trhvés `g oas kgchfiskas qug sg `gshrraoohf gf fugstra cgrgjra, `g markh thf `gthooh`h qug hfhoizh ohs hcciafgs qug sg arieifhf `g markh cafscigftg g ifcafscigftg. Oas gspgcihoisths gf fgurakhrlgtife gstu`ihf gftrg atrhs cashs ohs rghcciafgs `go cgrgjra hftg4
^ujoici`h`.
Zghcciafgs hftg ohs khrchs.
@isgøa.
^ra`ucta.
^rgcia.
Gsths rghcciafgs sg gxpoichf utioizhf`a hphrhtas `g kg`icióf cgrgjrho, caka oh gogctragfcgmhoaerhmëh, oh ikhegf par rgsafhfcih khefétich mufciafho, gyg trhclife, gtc. Gxistgf gxpgrikgftas caka go mhkasa tgst `g Cach Caoh y ^gpsi, gf go qug Cach-Caoh grh cohrhkgftg kès prgmgri`h qug ^gpsi ^gpsi ôfichkgftg cuhf`a ohs pgrsafhs qug oh prajhjhf prajhjhf pa`ëhf vgr oh gtiqugth, `gkastrhf`a hsë oh erhf ikparthfcih qug tigfg go vhoar gkaciafho praparciafh`a par oh khrch. Atra gstu`ia rghoizh`a par go Ifstituta `g Pgcfaoaeëh `g Choimarfih `gkastró qug go prgcia `go vifa ifcrgkgfthjh go pohcgr qug ohs pgrsafhs gxpgrikgfthjhf cuhf`a ésths oa cafsukëhf. Go gstu`ia cafcouyó qug phrh oas if`ivi`uas h khyar prgcia pheh`a, kès pohcgr pgrciji`a. Atra gstu`ia mhkasa, `go fgurakhrlgtife, gs cuhf`a go kiska pra`ucta, sg prgsgfth `g `as khfgrhs `imgrgftgs, par gdgkpoa, uf cbacaohtg caf gfvaotaria y atra sif, uf phstgo gf uf pohta sikpog y go kiska phstgo gf ufh vhdiooh `g choi`h` y caf cujigrtas `g `isgøa. Sigkprg qug go pra`ucta gs kgdar prgsgfth`a, ohs pgrsafhs qug sg sakgtigraf ho gstu`ia, fa sóoa oa goieigraf, sifa qug gsthjhf `ispugsths h phehr kucba kès par éo.
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs Sgeôf go pramgsar `g oh Wfivgrsi`h` `g Bhrvhr` Egrho` Thotkhf, go 97% `g ta`a pgfshkigfta qug ikpuosh fugstra cakparthkigfta acurrg gf fugstrh ifcafscigfcih, gsth situhcióf `h ufh erhf rgogvhfcih ho fgurakhrlgtife, yh qug, h trhvés `g ohs técfichs cafvgfciafhogs pa`gkas hccg`gr h ohs pgrcgpciafgs cafscigftgs, cafscigftgs, pgra gs kuy cakpoich`a rghoizhr ohs prgeufths prgeufths h`gcuh`hs cuhf`a go gfcugsth`a fa gs cafscigftg `g su prapia pr apia cakparthkigfta. Gs par gsta qug sg `icg qug go coigftg fa cakprh oa qug pigfsh qug quigrg, sifa qug cakprh oa qug `gsgh tgfgr, pgra fa oa bhcg `g ufh khfgrh cafscigftg, parqug fi éo oa shjg. Sgeôf go oifeÿisth caefitiva Egareg Ohlamm4 ‟Pa`as fas bhf gfsgøh`a h pgfshr qug fugstra rhzafhkigfta gs cafscigftg, oitgrho, oóeica, `gshphsiafh`a, sif cugrpa y caf jhsg gf go iftgrés prapia. Ohkgfthjogkgftg oa qug sg bh hprgf`i`a gf oas ôotikas 3> høas `g cigfcihs caefitivhs gs qug ch`h phrtg `g gsth crggfcih gs tathokgftg grrófgh. Gf rghoi`h`, go 92% `g fugstra rhzafhkigfta fa gs cafscigftg.‛
PZGS CAF@WCPHS COÈSICHS, XWG HMGCPHF H OH GCAFAKËH SACIHO. 8. Oh egftg hctôh jhsh`h gf ikpuosas gkaciafhogs. Cuhf`a bhy ufh fgcgsi`h` irrhciafho a uf `gsga kuy mugrtg, oh oóeich gs oa kgfas qug sg bhcg prgsgftg. Ho kakgfta `g juschr saouciafhr cuhoquigr prajogkh caf uregfcih fugstra cgrgjra kès prikitiva, go cuho sg prgacuph par oh supgrvivgfcih, takh tatho caftrao `g fugstra cakparthkigfta. Oa ôfica qug ikparth gs saouciafhr go prajogkh a shtismhcgr oh fgcgsi`h` oa hftgs pasijog. @g oh kiskh markh acurrg cuhf`a `gsghkas hoea a bhcgkas cakprhs dusta cuhf`a c uhf`a vgkas gsg rgoad a gshs zhphtioohs `g `gpartg fas gftrh uf hthqug `g gkacióf y `gci`ikas cakprhr gf gsg kakgfta< oa cuho sg cafvigrtg gf uf ouda kès qug uf ehsta fgcgshria. Oa kiska acurrg cuhf`a tgfgkas hoeôf hftada, oa cakgkas jhsh`as gf fugstras ikpuosas gkaciafhogs, sif pgfshr gf qug quizè qui zè fa sgh oa kgdar phrh fugstrh shou` fi `igth. ‟Zgcugr`h qug oas bukhfas cakprhkas gf jhsg h ohs gkaciafgs y oa dustimichkas caf oóeich. ‟
:. Oh egftg `gtgsth gsthr cafmuf`i`h. Gf go kuf`a gf go qug vivikas gxistgf `gkhsih`hs apciafgs gf ta`hs ohs èrghs `g fugstrh vi`h y gf ohs cashs gf ohs qug cakprhkas. Cuhf`a quigrgs cakprhr tgcfaoaeëh, raph, gxpgrigfcihs a rgsgrvhr uf rgsthurhftg ±Cuèfths apciafgs tg amrgcg go kgrch`a1 ¡@gkhsih`hs! Y gsta fa hjrukh. Cuhf`a hjrikas ufh chrth gf uf rgsthurhftg y vgkas ufh ifmifi`h` `g pohtas y badhs fas sgftikas cafmuf`i`as y oogfas `g `u`hs sajrg qué pg`ir. Si quigrgs qug tu coigftg sigfth hoivia ho vgr tu chrth y tu amgrth, `gjgs mhcioithrtg su gogccióf caf ufh cakufichcióf oikpih y cafcish.
3. H oh egftg fa og o g eusth takhr rigseas. Ohs `gcisiafgs y hcciafgs qug takhkas `ëh h `ëh kucbhs vgcgs gstèf gfmach`hs ho kgfar rigsea pasijog. Go kig`a h pgr`gr cashs khtgrihogs, tigkpa, `ifgra a hoeufh pgr`i`h gkaciafho gs gf oh khyarëh `g ohs achsiafgs oa qug prg`akifh gf fugstrhs `gcisiafgs y hcciafgs `g oh vi`h `ihrih.
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs
Gstrhtgeihs `g fgurakhrlgtife gf oh chrth `go rgsthurhftg. H kg`i`h qug go khrlgtife caftifôh chkjihf`a dufta caf oas hvhfcgs gf tgcfaoaeëhs y pohthmarkhs, go fgurakhrlgtife bh dueh`a uf phpgo ch`h vgz kès ikparthftg. Su ikpogkgfthcióf bh hyu`h`a h ohs khrchs h hukgfthr sus vgfth y h kgdarhr su ikhegf y thshs `g cafvgrsióf, sif rghoizhr chkjias siefimichtivas gf sus ehstas `g khrlgtife. Gf gsth ufi`h` hjar`hrgkas oas hspgctas jèsicas `go fgurakhrlgtife4 qué gs, cóka c óka mufciafh, par qué gs ikparthftg y cafsgdas prècticas sajrg ohs kgdargs técfichs y prèctichs.
Xué gs fgurakhrlgtife. Gf go sgfti`a kès jèsica, go fgurakhrlgtife praparciafh ifmarkhcióf vhoiash phrh cakprgf`gr go cakparthkigfta `go cafsuki`ar, gsgfcihokgftg hyu`hf`a h oas pramgsiafhogs `g khrlgtife h gftgf`gr qué mufciafh y qué fa cuhf`a sg trhth `g ifmouir gf ohs `gcisiafgs `g cakprh `g oas coigftgs. Go fgurakhrlgtife utioizh técfichs caftgkparèfghs caka oh fguraikhegf (ikèegfgs `g GGE y mKZI), go sgeuikigfta acuohr y oh ca`imichcióf mhciho, gftrg atras, phrh gstu`ihr oas gmgctas qug `ivgrsas gstëkuoas pug`gf tgfgr gf go cgrgjra y cóka có ka utioizhr gsh ifmarkhcióf phrh aptikizhr oh o h gstrhtgeih `g khrlgtife `g ufh gkprgsh. Oh psicaoaeëh `go cafsuki`ar bh si`a `urhftg kucba tigkpa oh jhsg `g cuhoquigr gstrhtgeih `g khrlgtife. Y go fgurakhrlgtife ufg go chkpa `g oh fguracigfcih, oh psicaoaeëh y go khrlgtife, hyu`hf`a h gftgf`gr cóka mufciafh go cgrgjra rgptioihfa `g oas cafsuki`args (go rgspafshjog `g ohs hcciafgs hcci afgs prikhrihs, caka cakgr y rgpra`ucirsg), y hprgf`gr cóka ushr gsta phrh su vgfthdh. Si jigf pug`g phrgcgr qug ohs kgftgs `g oas cafsuki`args mufciafhf `g khfgrh cakpoich`h, su mufciafhkigfta h kgfu`a fa gs ufh cugstióf `g "cóka", sifa "jhda qué caf`iciafgs c af`iciafgs gspgcëmichs".
Go ajdgtiva `go fgurakhrlgtife gf oh chrth, gs bhcgr qug go coigftg goidh tus pra`uctas kès rgfthjogs bhciéf`aog sgftir qug bh takh`a oh kgdar `gcisióf. Caka bhs hchjh`a `g vgr go coigftg takh `gcisiafgs par ikpuosas gkaciafhogs cuhf`a oh amgrth gstè gstrhtéeichkgftg cakufich`h. H caftifuhcióf, hprgf`g acba khfgrhs `g hpoichr gstrhtgeihs `g fgurakhrlgtife gf oh chrth `g tu rgsthurhftg. Caoachcióf `g prgcias gf oh chrth.
Fôkgra `g pohtas `g oh chrth.
^asiciafhkigfta `g oas pohtas.
Siefas `g `ifgra y tgrkifhciafgs.
Hfcohdg kgftho.
@gscripciafgs.
@gsthchr pra`uctas.
Chrths phrh fiøas.
8. Cóka caoachr oas prgcias gf oh chrth. Wfa `g oas erhf`gs grrargs ho `isgøhr ohs chrths gf go rgsthurhftg gs qug oas prgcias sg caoachf caka oisth`as, gf uf ar`gf pgrmgcta. Cohra qug qug`h jigf h oh visth, pgra si qugrgkas `irieirfas ho ifcafscigftg Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs `go coigftg fa gs oh khfgrh `g oogehr `g éo y gsthrëhkas pgr`igf`a ufh erhf apartufi`h` `g hpoichr fgurakhrlgtife. Ohs oëfghs vgrtichogs pgrmgcths caf prgcias `g kgfar h khyar pra`ucgf gf go coigftg go gmgcta schffgr, yh qug éstg phsh go `g`a par gfcikh `g oas prgcias, fa par gfcikh `g oas pohtas cafsieuigf`a caf gsta saoa oohkhr su htgfcióf par oas prgcias y fa par go htrhctiva `go pra`ucta. Caf gsth markh grrófgh `g caoachr oas prgcias oogvhs ho coigftg h pg`ir oa kès gcafókica y fa oa kès rgfthjog phrh ti. Wf `isgøa carrgcta sgrëh gf go qug oas pohtas, fa tigfgf fifeôf ar`gf gf oas prgcias y FA gstèf hoifgh`as `g fifeufh khfgrh. Caf gsta sg rgshoth go pohta, fa go prgcia, caka vgkas gf go gdgkpoa sieuigftg.
Ohs pgrsafhs takhf `gcisiafgs `g cakprh par ikpuosa gf oh prikgrh mioh y gf oh ôotikh. Hbë sgrè go ouehr pgrmgcta phrh caoachr tus pohtas kès rgfthjogs. Ohs `imicuoth`gs qug tgf`rès sifa sg quithf oas trh`iciafhogs oisth`as `g prgcias `g kgfar h khyar saf ohs sieuigftgs4 •
Sg `imicuoth oh thrgh `g sujir prgcias.
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Ho mifho vgf`gs tus pohtas kès jhrhtas jhr htas (caf rgspgcta ho patgfciho qug ogs pug`gs shchr)
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Sg `imicuoth vgf`gr oas pohtas caf khyar rgfthjioi`h` si saf kès chras yh qug go coigftg irè ho kès jhrhta prikgra.
Gs uf erhf grrar pafgr go prgcia kès jhda gf go cakigfza `go oisth`a `g pohtas y sgeuir gsg ar`gf `g prgcias caka pug`gs vgr gf gstg gdgkpoa.
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs ±Xué phsh si oa bhcgkas hsë1 Go coigftg sigkprg juschrè go prgcia kgfar y gsg sgrè su rgmgrgfcih y prgcia `g phrti`h. Oa oóeica gs fa `hr gsg pufta `g phrti`h qug gf gstg chsa gs `g 7 WS@ yh qug ta`a oa qug sujh `g hbë irè sigf`a pgrciji`a caka chra a fa htrhctiva phrh go coigftg. Si pafgkas oas prgcias `gsar`gfh`as, sigkprg pgfshf`a gf pafgr oa kès rgfthjog gf oh prikgrh y gf oh ôotikh mioh, go coigftg `gdhrè `g kirhr prgcias y phshrè h pafgr su htgfcióf gf oas pra`uctas y gf su `gscripcióf.
Atra truca, phrh qug go coigftg fa bheh go gmgcta schffgr gs fa tgfgr uf thkhøa `g ogtrh khyar gf oas fôkgras .
:. ^asiciafhkigfta `g pohtas. Oas gstu`ias sajrg cóka kirhf oas coigftgs ohs chrths pravigfgf `g cóka ogg oh egfth oas pgrió`icas y rgvisths. ^hrh oaerhr ufhs gsth`ëstichs mihjogs sg gstu`ió go kavikigfta `go ada `gftra `g oh chrth c hrth oa qug gf fgurakhrlgtife sg cafacg caka gygtrhclife. Gstg gstu`ia gs sgria y mihjog, yh qug sg utioizhf hphrhtas qug ki`gf gxhcthkgftg `óf`g sg `irieg go ada, gsths fa saf supasiciafgs fi sgfshciafgs `g quiéf bh ifvgstieh`a, i fvgstieh`a, sifa qug tigfg uf rgspho`a cigftëmica. Caf gstg gstu`ia sg prajó qug oas coigftgs kirhf oh chrth, tho caka oa bhcgf bhc gf ho oggr uf oijra4 gkpigzhf par oh gsquifh izquigr`h y kugvgf go ada bhcih oh atrh gsquifh, oh `grgcbh . Gs par gsa, qug ohs chrths, tigfgf uf ar`gf oóeica, cakgfzhf`a `gs`g hpgritivas y tgrkifhf`a t grkifhf`a gf pastrgs. Oa iftgrgshftg `g gstg pufta, gs qug, hufqug gkpgcgkas gf oh gsquifh izquigr`h, go ada sóoa sg `gtigfg ufas sgeuf`as y `óf`g rghokgftg sg qug`h uf tigkpa t igkpa kès ohrea gs gf go atra gxtrgka `g oh chrth. ^hrh gftgf`gr kgdar oas kavikigftas `go ada y shchrog go khyar phrti`a pasijog h gstg hfufcia `g 8>9 sgeuf`as, vghkas cóka sg kirhf y gschfghf oas o as `imgrgftgs tipas `g kgfôs, sgeôf go tipa `g pèeifh.
Chrths `g ufh pèeifh4 •
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Go ada sg `gtigfg gf go fôkgra 8, sieug par go :, 3 y tgrkifh gf go 0. Si tu chrth gs `g saoa ufh badh (kuy rgcakgf`hjog) bhy qug ujichr oa kès rgfthjog gf go f´ 8 y :. Si quisigrhs oohkhr oh htgfcióf `go coigftg gf gsth zafh jhdh, pa`gkas bhcgr oas sieuigftg.
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs
Chrths `ëpticas4 •
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Si tu chrth ho hjriroh sg visuhoizh `g gsth khfgrh a gs `ëptica, oh `gcisióf `g cakprh cakigfzh gf go ouehr f´8 y gf ôotika ouehr sg kirh gf go sitia f´5. Pus pohtas kès rgfthjogs y oas qug tg tg bhehf sgr `imgrgftg h tu cakpgtgfcih tgf`rëhf qug gsthr gf ohs pasiciafgs supgriargs phrh makgfthr su vgfth.
Chrths trëptica4 •
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Si gstg gs tu `isgøa `g chrth, gf oh pasicióf f´ 8 gs `af`g tgf`rès qug ujichr tus pra`uctas kès rgfthjogs y sgeuir y hsë sucgsivhkgftg. Si rgmugrzhs go `isgøa caf rgcuh`ras, chkjia `g tipaerhmëh y/a mataerhmëh hukgfthrès hôf kès oh vgfth `g gstas ëtgks gf tu chrth.
Kucbhs vgcgs kg prgeufthf, qué ar`gf sgeuir `g pra`uctas, qué mhkioihs pafgr, gtc. Sigkprg ogs `iea oa kiska, fa bhy rgeohs midhs phrh bhcgr ufh chrth, kg rgmigra h oh sgcugfcih `g prikgras, gftrhftgs, hpgritivas, phrh cakphrtir, gfshoh`hs, pgsch`as, thphs, chrfgs, phsths, gtc. Ch`h vgz kès oas rgsthurhftgs sieugf sus prapias gstioas, saoa tg hcafsgda qug fa tg cakpoiqugs oh vi`h, bhz chrths sgfcioohs, caf pacas pohtas, castgh`as, cafacigf`a su rgfthjioi`h` y pgrmgcthkgftg ujich`as gf oh chrth, caf gsta, as hsgeura ufh suji`h `g vgfths `g oas pra`uctas qug vasatras bhyèis gogei`a. Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs
3. Hfcohdg kgftho. Go gmgcta `g hfcohdg kgftho gs phrtg `g oh fhturhogzh bukhfh y sg utioizh phrh takhr `gcisiafgs jhsh`hs gf vhoargs cakphrhtivas, y fa cafsi`grh go vhoar `g ufh apcióf phrticuohr jhsh`h gf su vhoar gspgcëmica. ^ar gdgkpoa, vhs ho cgftra cakgrciho par uf phr `g phfthoafgs, caf oh iftgfcióf `g ehsthr horg`g`ar `g 2>₯ Kirhf`a gf ohs tigf`hs gfcugftrh uf phr `g phfthoafgs qug tg t g gfchfth y tg qug`h pgrmgcta, pgra cugsth 87> ₯ ₯ Caka chsi `ajoh tu prgsupugsta, tg vhs pgra gf gsg kakgfta oogeh oh `gpgf`igfth `g oh tigf`h y tg `icg qug t u prgsupugsta, pgra gsg phfthoóf gstè hbarh caf `gscugfta y gf vgz `g 87>₯ gstè gf 8>>₯ ( hôf kès hooè `g tu oa sumicigftgkgftg dusta phrh ti) Pg vhs h chsh caf oas phfthoafgs `g 8>>₯. Gsg gs go gmgcta `g hfcohdg gf su markh kès sikpog, fa tg oogvhs uf phfthoóf `g 8>>₯ tg oo gvhs uf pra`ucta qug bhs cakphrh`a caf atra prgcia y ho sgr gstg kgfar tg phrgcg kès dusta. Sigkprg y cuhf`a go coigftg pug`h cakphrhr prgcias caf hoeufa kès hota, go rgsta kès jhda ogs phrgcgrè sigkprg kès rhzafhjog. ^ar gdgkpoa, gf gsth chrth vgkas oh bhkjureugsh `g Lajg h 07 WS@ `gsthch`h gf uf rgcuh`ra, ho bhcgr gsta go coigftg kirhrè hquë oa prikgra.
Oa kès prajhjog qug phrh gstg coigftg gstg prgcia sgh hota, pgra gsta hyu`hrè h qug cakphrg prgcias y pgrcijh go rgsta caka kès dustas y gcafókicas. Gsth gstrhtgeih hyu`h h qug tu coigftg fa sigfth uf erhf `aoar ho phehr par oa qug bh cafsuki`a, parqug gf oh cakphrhcióf `g prgcias éo pgrcijg qug bh ehfh`a. Goieg ho kgfas uf pra`ucta `g tu chrth y mëdhog uf prgcia kès hota hot a qug ta`h t a`h oh o h chtgearëh ch tgearëh qug quigrhs vgf`gr.
0. @gsthchr oas pra`uctas qug fas iftgrgsh prakavgr. Pa`a oa qug gsté `gsthch`a gf ufh chrth oohkhrè oh htgfcióf `go coigftg. Gsta quigrg `gcir qug cuhf`a vgh oh chrth su kirh`h irè `irgcta ho ouehr rgshoth`a. Cuhf`a go coigftg oa kirh `gci`g rèpi`hkgftg si og cuh`rh go pra`ucta y go prgcia y si ta`a gs carrgcta phrh éo gs oa qug pg`irè.
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs Gs kuy ikparthftg shjgr qug phrh `gsthchr uf pohta chkjihf`a go caoar, éstg fa pug`g sgr kuy mugrtg, `gjg sgr oa caftrhria, caoargs sutiogs, qug ifvitgf h midhr oh kirh`h gf go ouehr, fa h shoir carrigf`a parqug gs kuy kaogsta. Wf gdgkpoa `g cóka `gsthchr sutiokgftg uf pohta a hoeufas pohtas `g oh chrth, gs caka vgkas h caftifuhcióf. Caka vgkas, gs sgfciooa, sutio, pgra gmichz, yh qug gstas gst as pgqugøas rgcuh`ras, fas bhcgf kirhr `g ifkg`ihta h gooas. Sgeôf go gstu`ia `g gygtrhclife, fugstras adas saf pgrgzasas par gsa fas eusth ir h oas `gsthch`a y fa oggr ta`a oa qug pafg oh chrth. Atrh markh `g `gsthchr, `èf`aog sgfti`a ho coigftg y vhoar, gs pafgr uf rgcuh`ra a uf gsphcia , qug `ieh4 • • •
Suegrgfcihs `go Cbgm. Gspgcihoi`h`gs `g oh chsh. Fugstras pohtas mhvaritas.
Bhy qug tgfgr cui`h`a h oh barh `g `gsthchr pra`uctas fa sajrgchrehr oh chrth, parqug si fa cafsgeuirgkas go gmgcta caftrhria qug gs cafmuf`ir ho coigftg y ‟ajoiehrog‛ h oggr ch`h ufa `g oas
rgcuh`ras caka gf go sieuigftg gdgkpoa4
Pgf kucba cui`h`a caf shturhr h oas coigftgs caf `gkhsih`a tgxta, ikèegfgs, chkjias `g ogtrhs, tëtuoas, rgcuh`rags, gtc. Kgfas gs kès h oh barh `g cakufichr oas pra`uctas gf oh chrth.
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs
]aohpig tigfg uf `isgøa `g chrth kuy visuho, `g sgfciooa gschfga `af`g `gsthchf h trhvés `g mataerhmëhs oas pra`uctas qug ogs iftgrgsh vgf`gr. H`gkès `gsthchf uf sgekgfta `g oh chrth caf ufh khrch prgkiuk `g pra`uctas ijéricas.
7. @iskifuyg oh chfti`h` `g pohtas `g oh chrth. Sgeôf go ifvgstieh`ar Jrihf Uhfsifl, `irgctar `go Maa` hf` Jrhf` Ohj gf oh Wfivgrsi`h` `g Carfgoo y hutar `go oijra ‟Kif`ogss Ghtife4 Uby Ug Ght Karg Pbhf Ug Pbifl ,‛ ,‛ `icg qug ohs pgrsafhs, caka prakg`ia, tigfgf qug bhcgr kès kès `g :>> `gcisiafgs sajrg caki`h caki`h ho `ëh. Jhsthftgs ±vgr`h`1 Caka jigf shjgs h oas coigftgs fa ogs eusth takhr `gcisiafgs, hufqug kucbhs `g goohs sg takhf `g khfgrh ifcafscigftg, gs `gcir, fa sg gstèf `hf`a cugfth qug oa gstèf bhcigf`a, oa kiska sucg`g h oh barh `g oggr go kgfô y gogeir sus pohtas.
Sgeôf oas gstu`ias `go fgurakhrlgtife, go coigftg, caka prakg`ia utioizh 8>9 sgeuf`as phrh oggr oh chrth, gs par gsa, qug gf gstas jrgvgs sgeuf`as, jusch tituohrgs, prgcias, `gscripciafgs carths, gtc
±Crggs qug tus coigftgs vgrëhf gf tu chrth pa`rëhf oogehr h tus pohtas kès rgfthjogs, oogvèf`aoas tô h gooas h trhvés `g tu chrth gf gstas 8>9 sgeuf`as1 Pg hcafsgda qug tgfehs uf fôkgra `g pohtas gftrg 0> y 7> (si saf kgfas kgdar hôf) y qug fa gxcg`hs gsth cimrh, saoa `g gsth khfgrh og hyu`hrès ho coigftg h `gci`ir rèpi`a sif qug sg sigfth mrustrh`a caf ta`a oa qug tigfg qug oggr phrh oogehr h su gogccióf. Iftgfth sikpoimichr ho kèxika go `isgøa `g tu chrth, thfta th fta gf tipas `g tipaerhmëh, ëtgks `gsthch`as, gstioas y fôkgra `g pohtas.
HCPWHOKGFPG GF GWZA^H Y WSH OAS ZGSPHWZHFPGS GF PGF@GFCIH FA AMZGCGF KÈS @G :>-:0 ^OHPAS GF SWS CHZPHS. ^hrh rg`ucir tu chrth, tgf`rès qug hfhoizhr ohs vgfths `g tus pohtas y vgr cuèogs saf oas kès rgfthjogs y papuohrgs y ho caftrhria oas kgfas, phrh `gci`ir cuèogs quithr y cuèogs `gsthchr Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs Oa qug tg sueigra qug bhehs, gs qug iftra`uzchs ho praerhkh qug tg bg mhcioith`a, `g Ifegfigrëh `g Kgfôs, ta`as oas pohtas `g tu chrth y goikifh ta`as oas pohtas qug gstéf gf oh chtgearëh pgrras. Saoa `gdh oas qug sg vgf`gf qug saf oas qug ogs eusthf rghokgftg h tus coigftgs. Gf hoeufh cafsuotarëh qug bicg, go `ugøa `go rgsthurhftg rg sthurhftg caf kès `g 2> rgmgrgfcihs kg `gcëh4 gs qug kg pi`gf ufh vgz ho kgs ufh phth `g car`gra ho barfa y par gsa oh tgfea gf oh chrth y gf stacl. Jhda ki pufta `g visth gsta fa tigfg fifeôf sgfti`a, kgdar quith q uith gsas pohtas, yh qug fa bhy fifeufh rhzóf phrh rgoogfhr tu chrth caf pohtas qug fa saf rgfthjogs. Caf gsta saoa cafsgeuirès `istrhgr ho coigftg `g tu ajdgtiva `g kgdarhr oh rgfthjioi`h`. ±Bhs vista hoeufh vgz uf hfufcia `g P] qug rgoogfg su spat caf ifmarkhcióf h`iciafho1 Si tigfgf :> sgeuf`as phrh shoir gf oh P] y oogehr ho cafsuki`ar, pugs utioizhf ta`hs sus hrkhs `g khrlgtife y sgeurhkgftg `g fgurakhrlgtife, phrh oogehr h su ajdgtiva. Pô tigfgs qug bhcgr oa kiska, pigfsh gf tu chrth, cóka tô prapia hfufcia, tigfgs 8>9 sgeuf`as phrh vgf`gr, ±vhs h `gshpravgcbhr oh apartufi`h`1 Fa crga.
ZGCWGZ@H4 KGFAS GS KÈS Y ^ACAS ^OHPAS GS KGDAZ XWG KWCBAS .
=. Oas prgcias gf oh chrth. Gxistgf gstu`ias sajrg cóka pafgr oas prgcias `g oh chrth, `af`g oas kès ikparthftgs vigfgf `g khfa `g oh ifvgstieh`arh `g oh Wfivgrsi`h` `g Carfgoo y hctuho pramgsarh `g oh Wfivgrsi`h` Shf Mrhfcisca Sthtg gf WSH, Syjio Yhfe. Go rgsukgf `g su gstu`ia gs go sieuigftg4 Oa prikgra qug tgf`rëhs qug bhcgr phrh kgdarhr oh rgfthjioi`h` `g tu chrth, si gf tu oachoi`h` gstè pgrkiti`a, gs quithr cuhoquigr siefa `g `ifgra `g oh chrth, ada, fa oas prgcias, sifa oas siefas, caka ₯, $, £, gtc. ±Oh rhzóf1 ^arqug si oas `gdhkas, go coigftg gstè utioizhf`a su phrtg kès rhciafho `go cgrgjra, yh qug, ho vgr go siefa `go `ifgra, éstg rgohciafh hutakètichkgftg gstg prgcia ho casta kafgthria qug og siefimichrè. Cuhf`a hctivh gf su kgftg, caf cafcgptas `g casta `go `ifgra cakigfzh h sgftir ‟go `aoar‛ par tgfgr qug phehr, cafsieuigf`a cafsieuigf`a caf gsta qug go coigftg hutakètichkgftg ehstg kgfas. Cakgfth Syjio, qug ohs pgrsafhs ifvaoucrh`hs caf crghr kgfôs, sgrëhf kuy iftgoiegftgs, si cafsi`grhf (y si oh ogy oa pgrkitg) quithr go sëkjaoa `go `ifgra. Gspgcihokgftg gf oas tigkpas qug carrgf, `af`g oh egftg gstè kuy pgf`igftg `g hbarrhrsg uf `ifgra par hquë y par hooè, h`gkès, cakgfth, qug go cbgm fa sg gfmh`hrè par gsth `gcisióf, yh qug fa tachs oas iferg`igftgs `go pohta, sóoa `go kgfô. Gf go kakgfta qug sg quith go sëkjaoa `go `ifgra, go coigftg oa qug vhoarh gs go pohta, fa go `ifgra qug tgf`rè qug phehr. Oas coigftgs, fa quigrgf qug sg ogs rgcugr`g gf oh chrth qug tgf`rèf qug ehsthrsg `ifgra, h gsa sg rgmigrg caf go `aoar h phehr. Sgeôf go gstu`ia qug bhf rghoizh`a, h`gkès gf cafdufta caf Pbg Cuoifhry Ifstitutg am Hkgrich, cafsi`grh`a go Bhrvhr` `g oh ehstrafakëh bhf cakphrh`a cuhtra pasijioi`h`gs `g prgcias, par gdgkpoa phrh rgprgsgfthr uf prgcia `g `g 8> guras sg pa`rëhf cakufichr cakufichr hsë4
¡Oas coigftgs, qug fa tgfëhf go siefa `go `ifgra ehsthraf uf 2% kès! Ikheifh gstg rgsuoth`a gf oh cugfth `g gxpoathcióf hfuho, si sikpogkgftg quithf`a go siefa sg sujgf ohs vgfths gf uf 2% Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs
Caf go rgsta `g prgcias, fa sg hprgció fifeufh `imgrgfcih fathjog, par gdgkpoa, si pafgs go siefa hftgs a `gspués `g oh cimrh a si oa gscrijgs gf phohjrhs, oh `imgrgfcih saoa vifa cuhf`a sg quitó go sëkjaoa `go `ifgra. Sajrg ohs tgrkifhciafgs, cakgfth qug ta`a `gpgf`g `go tipa `g rgsthurhftg gf go qug gsthkas, sigf`a hcafsgdhjog phrh rgsthurhftgs `g caki`h rèpi`h a mhst chsuho, ohs tgrkifhciafgs gf céftikas. Fa hsë phrh oas o as rgsthurhftgs `g uf fivgo supgriar, yh qug gsth tgrkifhcióf 8>.99 - 8>.97 - 8>.9> `h oh sgfshcióf `g pach sgrig`h` y qug sikpogkgftg fa vh caf go gstioa `go gsthjogcikigfta. Si vhs h utioizhr tgrkifhciafgs gf céftikas, tgrkifhr uf prgcia gf 7 y 9, së `h ho coigftg oh sgfshcióf `g qug phehf kgfas, sgeôf sus gstu`ias. Pa`as oas prgcias qug vhyhf par `gjhda `g oas 7 guras (a oh kafg`h qug tgfehs) sg pug`gf sujir a jhdhr, par trhkas `g >.:>. ^ar gdgkpoa, sujir uf pastrg `g 3.3> h 3.7> sgrëh kès oóeica y cabgrgftg phrh go coigftg qug sujiroa 3.37 ó 3.0>. Oa kiska phshrëh h oh barh `g jhdhr oas prgcias. ^hrh prgcias par gfcikh `g oas 7₯ sg hcafsgdh sujir oas prgcias gf >.7>, fa gf kgfar chfti`h`.
Fa sg hcafsgdh tgrkifhr oas prgcias caf >, par gdgkpoa, gs kgdar `gdhr go prgcia `g uf pohta gf 80 fa gf 80.>> yh qug phsh `g sgr uf fôkgra `g `as cimrhs, ci mrhs, h ufa `g cuhtra cimrhs y hufqug sghf cgras, phrh go cafsuki`ar, yh sgrè uf prgcia kès hota h vhoarhr. Kigftrhs Ergee Zhpp, sueigrg qug gs kucba kgdar tgrkifhr oas prgcias gf 7 qug gf 9 phrh rgsthurhftgs gstioa mhst maa`, Syjio hcafsgdh tgrkifhroas gf >.:7 ó >.57 gf Chsuho @ifife. Zhpp thkjiéf cakgfth, qug tgfgr uf prgcia cgrrh`a `g kgfôs a prakaciafgs gspgcihogs `g 8>₯ gs ufh cimrh suegrgftg y qug oohkh oh htgfcióf `g oas coigftgs. Oa kiska phsh caf ohs amgrths `g kgfôs h :>₯ gsths saf cimrhs kuy htrhctivhs phrh fugstrhs chkphøhs `g khrlgtife ehstrafókica.
5. @gscripcióf `g pohtas. ]hkas h gkpgzhr `icigf`a qug oh `imgrgfcih `g vgfth gftrg pohtas caf `gscripcióf caftrh pohtas qug sóoa pafgf go fakjrg, gs `g uf :5% supgriar, gf go chsa `g ohs `gscripciafgs. ¡Iftgrgshftg `hta h oh barh `g `g gstikuohr oh vgfth! ^ar gsta, si qugrgkas ifcgftivhr oh vgfth `g uf pohta rgfthjog phrh fasatras, oa paf`rgkas ho oh`a `g uf pohta sif `gscripcióf a kgfar kgfar `gscripcióf, phrh qug go coigftg sgogcciafg go qug qug `gsghkas. Sgeôf Erge Zhpp, gxistgf cuhtra tipas `g coigftgs h oh barh `g bhjohr `g `gscripciafgs `g pohtas, ch`h ufa tigfg sus chrhctgrëstichs, vhkas h vgr cuèogs saf4
‟Gftrggs‛
‟Zgcipgs‛
‟Jhrjgcugs‛
‟@gssgrts‛
Fa quigrgf kucbh `gscripcióf, sg cafmarkhf caf ufh mrhsg jhda go fakjrg `go pohta, qugéoogvh go pohta y qué prgcia tigfg.
^rgeufthf sajrg ta`a oa qug tigfg qug vgr caf iferg`igftgs y prgphrhcióf, quigrgf shjgr ta`a oa qug pug`hf y kès
Ogs eusth cakphrtir su caki`h y qug ogs htigf`hf pgrsafhs sikpètichs, qug tgfehf su fakjrg gf oh chkisgth, gtc.
Coigftgs qug sieugf ohs ka`hs y ohs tgf`gfcihs, y sg `gchfthrèf par oas pohtas caf `isgøa, ka`grfas, qug shogf gf ohs rgvisths.
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs
Kigftrhs gf oas ôotikas høas sg oogvó h h`arfhr `g sajrg khfgrh go fakjrg `g oas pohtas, `g ufh khfgrh gftrg paétich y `g cbhrohthfgrëh, caf kucbhs phohjrhs, h`dgtivas, iferg`igftgs, oa qug sg utioizh hbarh y sg `gjg ifcarparhr h ohs chrths gs utioizhr hoeufas h`dgtivas y kéta`as `g caccióf qug hyu`gf h yu`gf h h`gohfthr oh gxpgrigfcih `go coigftg caka, par gdgkpoa< mrgsca, h oh ogøh, fhturho, hrtgshfa, jhdh tgkpgrhturh, kgoasa, crudigftg, crgkasa, hrakhtizh`a, tgkpoh`h, gtc. Zgcar`gkas qug oh kisióf `g oh o h `gscripcióf, gs vgf`gr oas pohtas qug fas iftgrgsgf. Gf gsths `gscripciafgs carths, par gdgkpoa, sg `gjg hcohrhr si uf pra`ucta gs pichftg, pgra fa `gthoohr ta`as oas iferg`igftgs qug oa bhcgf pichftg. Oa kiska phshrëh caf oas pra`uctas phrh hoéreicas, sg rgcakigf`h pafgr hoeôf sëkjaoa, pgra fa `gscrijir ch`h ufa `g oas iferg`igftgs, pracgsas, gtc. SGEÔF GO GSPW@IA @GO GYG PZHCLIFE III KIGFPZHS KÈS OHZEH GS OH OGCPWZH, KGFAS OGG OH EGFPG. Atra mhctar ikparthftg gf oh `gscripcióf gs ifmarkhr ho coigftg oh pracg`gfcih `go pra`ucta, phrh gsta tgf`rès qug pafgr éfmhsis gf ta`as oas pra`uctas oachogs, yh qug sgrèf gf éstas `óf`g go coigftg rghokgftg og atareug vhoar h oh `gscripcióf. Iftgfth rgshothr oh ciu`h` `g ariegf y ohs phohjrhs4 mrgsca, chsgra, rgciéf barfgh`a, gtc. Pa`hs goohs saf phohjrhs ehfh`arhs h oh barh `g `gsthchr oas pra`uctas qug fas iftgrgsg vgf`gr. Si yh shjgkas qug fugstras coigftgs fa sg quigrgf cakpoichr, fi sgftir rigseas, fi takhr `gcisiafgs, fi `gsghf oggr uf ohrea kgfô oggr gftafcgs, yh qug tgfgkas t gfgkas gsth ifmarkhcióf `g su cakparthkigfta erhcihs h ta`as oas gstu`ias `g fgurakhrlgtife, rghoicgkas ohs chrths hcar`gs h sus fgcgsi`h`gs.
2. Chrth phrh fiøas. Oas fiøas saf uf thregt h sgeuir, sajrg ta`a, parqug tgfgkas qug pgfshr qug, si sakas chphcgs `g mi`goizhr h uf fiøa, gsthkas hutakètichkgftg mi`goizhf`a h këfikhkgftg 8 fiøa + 8 ph`rg a kh`rg. Y kgdar hôf, sgeurhkgftg gsthrgkas mrgftg h 8 fiøa + : h`uotas. Gftafcgs, mi`goizhr uf fiøa, siefimich mi`goizhr h trgs pgrsafhs `g ufh vgz, ±fa pigfshs qug gs iftgrgshftg i ftgrgshftg tgfgroas `g fugstra oh`a1 Oa prikgra qug `gjgkas bhcgr, gs crghr ufh chrth y kgfô gspgciho, caf caoargs, `ijudas y fakjrgs `istiftas y `ivgrti`as. Kirh gstg gdgkpoa `g chrth, kuy iftgoiegftg, yh qug fa saoa sirvg phrh oohkhr oh htgfcióf `go fiøa `gftra `go rgsthurhftg, sifa qug si sg oh pug`g oogvhr h chsh. Pgf`rè tu khrch cafsiea y sgeura qug rgcar`hrè ch`h `ëh oh gxpgrigfcih gf tu fgeacia y pg`irè h sus ph`rgs qug oas vugovhf h oogvhr. Atra tgkh iftgrgshftg gs h`hpthr go thkhøa `g sus pohtas h gooas, qug sghf kès pgqugøas y caf vhrig`h` `g caoar. Oh rhzóf `g gsta gs kuy sgfciooh, si fa bhy chrth phrh fiøas, oa qug bhcgf oas ph`rgs gs pg`ir uf pohta `g phsth phrh `as fiøas, par gdgkpoa, fa sigf`a rgfthjog phrh fugstra rgsthurhftg gsth situhcióf. Si sakas chphcgs `g oohkhr thkjiéf oh htgfcióf `g oas ph`rgs, qug sgphf qug fa tigfgf qug `hr `g cakgr h sus bidas uf pohta `g caki`h thf sikpog, sgeura pg`irèf uf pohta kès `ivgrti`a y gspgciho phrh gooas, pgra si fa tgfgkas amgrth, fa fa oa pg`irèf.
Hoeufhs `g ohs gstrhtgeihs `g khrlgtife ehstrafókica `iriei`hs h oas fiøas, tigfgf qug sgeuir gstas 0 phsas.
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs
Oohkhr oh htgfcióf.
Crghr go `gsga.
Crghr iftgrés.
Oohkhr h oh hccióf.
Gdgkpoas4 •
Zghoizh thoogrgs erhtuitas phrh fiøas 4 `af`g hprgf`hf h cacifhr, par gdgkpoa, pizzhs y ougea oh pug`gf cakgr gf go oacho. Erhjh oh hctivi`h` gf vi`ga y cuéoehoh gf tu Ugj. Xué kgdar gstrhtgeih `g khrlgtife qug vgr h fiøas mgoicgs cakigf`a y `ismruthf`a `g oh cacifh. Pg hsgeura qug gsas fiøas euhr`hrèf gsh gxpgrigfcih caka uf rgcugr`a erhta, qug ogs atareh jigfgsthr y sgeuri`h`, par oa cuho, oa kès prajhjog gs qug pi`hf h sus ph`rgs, yh sgh rgpgtir oh gxpgrigfcih a vaovgr h thf ifcrgëjog oacho gsth vgz phehf`a par sus pizzhs.
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Crgh cakpgtgfcihs4 caka crgh tu kgfô a crgh tu jach`iooa, go ehfh`ar, pa`rè vgr su crghcióf gf go próxika chkjia `g chrth
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Hergeh vhoar4 Iftgfth `hr hoeôf pra`ucta erhtis si ar`gfhf uf pohta gstrgooh (hoth rgfthjioi`h`)
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@gscugfta h erupas 4 rgjhdh uf cigrta parcgfthdg si bhy kès `g x coigftgs.
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Cakprh ufa rgcijg go atra erhtis 4 Gsth gstrhtgeih gs pgrmgcth phrh `ëhs `g jhda cafsuka, fa aovi`gs qug gs kgdar tgfgr h 8 qug h fifeufa.
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^rgcia cgrrh`a4 Sajrg ta`a gf fugstras tigkpas, `óf`g go coigftg kirh kuy jigf `óf`g ehsthr su `ifgra, amrgcgr kgfôs h prgcia mida, gs ufh jugfh hotgrfhtivh.
Y hbarh qug bhf vgfi`a ±Cóka bhcgr qug vugovhf1 Caogcciafhr4 •
H oas fiøas (y h oas erhf`gs) ogs gfchfth caogcciafhr, rgeèohogs ufhs pgehtifhs caf kucbas caoargs y/a oèpicgs phrh pifthr gf `ijudas qug `gjhf caoarghr.
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^a`rëhs bhcgr hoeufhs chrths phrh qug sg oogvgf h chsh caka gsth.
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±Xué tho `isgøhr ufh fugvh ch`h tgkparh`h phrh qug ohs quigrhf tgfgr ta`hs1
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
H`kifistrhcióf `g Zgsthurhftgs Hoeufhs i`ghs `g kgfôs phrh fiøas.
Pa`as oas `grgcbas rgsgrvh`as ©Gscugoh `g Bastgogrëh Afoifg Khrlgtife Ehstrafókica
