TUGAS PENDAHULUAN PRAKTIKUM FARMAKOLOGI DASAR PENGUJIAN AKTIVITAS OBAT SSO NAMA
: Ellena Maggyvin
NPM : 2!""!"#!"
%$"& Jela'(an Jela'(an a()ivi)a' a()ivi)a' g*l*ngan g*l*ngan *+a) +e,i(-) +e,i(-) .an .an )-li'(an )-li'(an /aling 'e.i(i) 'e.i(i) li0a li0a 1*n)* 1*n)* *+a) .an in.i(a'i /engg-naannya& a& Si0/ Si0/a) a)*0 *0i0 i0e) e)i( i(aa +& Si0/a)*li)i(a 1& Pa,a Pa,a'i 'i0/ 0/a) a)*0 *0i0 i0e) e)i( i(aa .& Pa,a Pa,a'i 'i0/ 0/a) a)*l *l(i (i)i )i(a (a 2& Jela'(an Jela'(an /enga,- /enga,- *+a)3*+a) *+a)3*+a) .i a)a' )e,a.a/ )e,a.a/ +e,+agai +e,+agai *,gan *,gan e4e()*, e4e()*,&& Ja5a+: "& a& 'i0/ 'i0/a) a)*0 *0i0 i0e) e)i( i(aa A()ivi)a' .a, 'i0/a)*0i0e)i( a)a- a.,ene,gi1: A.,ene,gi1 0e,-/a(an *+a) yang 0e,ang'ang 'y')e0 'a,a4'i0a/)i( 67-ga.i'e+-) 'y')e0 'a,a4 a.,ene,gi18&Senya5a ini .'e+-) *+a) 'i0/a)*0i0e)i(&Sy')e0 'a,a4'i0/a)i' 0e,-/a(an 0e,-/a(an +agian .a,i 'y')e0 'y')e0 'a,a4*)*n*0 'a,a4*)*n*0 yang +e,a'al.a,i +e,a'al.a,i .ae,a )*,a(' )*,a(' 6.a.a8 .an l-0+a, 6/-ngg-ng+a5a8 .a,i '-03'-0 )-lang +ela(ang .an 0enga)-, ,ea('i '/*n )an )e,a.a/ )e,a.a/ '),e''&O+a) '),e''&O+a) ini 0e,ang'ang 0e,ang'ang .e)a( 7an)-ng9 7an)-ng9 +e,(e,inga)9 +e,(e,inga)9 ,a)e /e,na/a'an /e,na/a'an .an lainnya yang )e,(ai .engan '),e'' /,*'e' )-+- In.i(a'i Mening(a)(an *-)/-) 7an)-ng9 0ening(a)(an )e(anan .a,a9 0ening(a)(an ali,an ai, 'eni 'e+agai 'e+agai +agian .a,i /eng*+a)an '*1(9 'e+agai 'e+agai ')i0-lan) ')i0-lan) 7an)-ng9 0e0+ali((an 0e0+ali((an /en-,-nan )e(anan .a,a9 0engen)i(an /en.a,aan .engan 0enye+a+(an /e0+-l.a,a 0enge,-) .an -n)-( 0en7aga ane')e'i l*1al .i a,ea (e1il )-+- .engn 0en-)-/
/e0+-l- .a,a 0enye0/i )0e0+-a) a.,ene,gi1 +e,g-na .ala0 0eng-,angi i.-ng )e, '-0+a) )e,(ai) /ile( .an alegi9 .a/a) 0e0+-(a +,*n(-' -n)-( /eng*+a)an a'0a Re'e/)*, Reseptor alfa dan beta.
E4e( yang .i)i0+-l(an 0elal-i ,e'e/)*,al4a /a.a *)*) /*l*' -0-0ny a.ala ')i0-la'i9 'e/e,)i /a.a *)*) va'1-la, .i (-li) .an 0-(*'a .an /a.a ,e'e/)*, +e)a a.ala ini+i'i 'e/e,)i )e,lia) /a.a *)*) /*l*' -'-'9 +,*n(-'9 .an /e 0+-l- .a,a *)*) ,ang(a& Re'e/)*, al4a .i+e.a(an lagi 0en7a.i al4a " .an al4a 2&Al4a " )e,.a/a) /a.a 'el e4e()*, *)*) /*l*' .an (elen7a, 'e.ang(an al4a 2 )e,.a/a) /a.a -7-ng 'a,a4 a.,ene,gi1 .an (*l-ne,gi(&A()iva'i .ai al4a 2 a(an 0enga0+a) /e0+e+a'an NE .a,i -7-ng 'a,a4 a.,ene,gi1 .an A1 .a,i -7-ng 'a,a4 (*line,gi(& Al4a 2 )e,.a/a) .i 'el e4e()*, *)a(9 -)e,-'9 (elen7a, /a,*)i'9 .an *)*) /*l*' /e0+-l- .a,a )e,)en)-& Re'e/)*, +e)a .i+e.a(an lagi 0en7a.i +e)a " .an +e)a 2 +e,.a'a,(an 'ele()ivi)a' ag*ni' .an an)ag*ni' ,e'e/)*, +e)a /a.a +e,+agai *,gan& Re'e/)*, +e)a /a.a 7an)-ng .i'e+-) +e)a " .an /a.a *)*) /*l*' +,*n(-'9 /e0+-l- .a,a *)*) ,ang(a9 -'-'9 -)e,-' .an (elen7a, .i'e+-) +e)a 2& +& Si0/a)*li)i(a "&
O+a) *+a) an)i a.,ene,gi(; 'i0/a)*li)i(-0 O+a) < *+a) ini an)ag*ni' )e,a.a/ a.,ene,gi1 .engan 0enga0+a) )e0/a) < )e0/a) ,e'e/)*, al4a .an +e)a& O+a) ini 0enga0+a) e4e( ne-,*),an'0i))e, .a/a) 'e1a,a lang'-ng 0ene0/a)i ,e'e/)*, al4a a)a- +e)a9 'e1a,a )i.a( lang'-ng .engan
0enga0+a) /ele/a'an ne-,*),an'0i))e,9 n*,e/ine4,in9 .an e/ine4,in 6Kee9 "==#8& Menga0+a) /e,an'angan a.,ene,gi(9 )e0/a) (e,7anya .i+agi 0en7a.i $ g*l*ngan9 yai)"& Bl*(e, a.,en*,e'e/)*, 2& Bl*(e, 'a,a4 a.,ene,gi( $& Bl*(e, a.,ene,gi( 'en),al 6Raa,.7*92!!=8 In.i(a'i "& Fen*('i+en>a0in
a& Hi/e,)en'i 'e(-n.e, a(i+a) .*'i' +e,le+ian ag*ni' a.,ene,gi( a)a- ini+i)*, MAO +& Fe*(,*0*'i)*0a9 /,a*/e,a)i4 .i+e,i(an /e,*,al -n)-( 0enga)a'i i/e,)en'i .an 1e,a/a IV /a.a 5a()- */e,a'i 1& Hi/e,,e4le('i *)*n*0i( (a,ena ),a-0a /a.a 0e.-la '/inali' .& P,*4ila('i' /a.a /enya(i) ,ayna-. 6Raa,.7*92!!=8 2& 4en)*la0in .an )*la>*lin a& (,i'i' i/e,)en'i yang .i'e+a+(an *le 4e*(,*0*'i)*0a6Raa,.7*92!!=8 $& /,a>*'in a& /eng*+a)an i/e,)en'i +& le0a 7an)-ng (*nge')i4 1& /enya(i) ,ayna-.6Raa,.7*92!!=8 #& /,*/an*l*l a& /enya(i) 7an)-ng i'(e0i(; angina /e()*,i'9 .a/a) 0en1ega /e,l-a'an .ae,a +& 1& .& e& 4& g& & i& 7&
in4a,(90en-,-n(an 0*,)ali)a' 7ang(a /an7ang 'e)ela MI i/e,)en'i9 0eng-,angi /e0+e+a'an ,enin a)a- NE9 0en-,-n(an 1-,a 7an)-ng a,i)0ia '-/,aven),i(-la, (a,.i*0i*/a)i *+'),-()i4 i/e,)*ni( /,*4il(a'i' /a.a 0ig,en9 .ig-na(an -n)-( 0en1ega 'e,anagn 0ig,en i/e,)i,i*.i'0e ),e0*, e'en'ial /en1egaan /en.a,aan .ala0 /e,-) /a.a /a'ien 'i,*'i' an'ie)a' gla-(*0a6Raa,.7*92!!=8
?& ,e'e,/in a& an)i i/e,)en'i6Raa,.7*92!!=8 @& Pa,a'i0/a)*0i0e)i(a
O+a) < *+a) yang 0e,ang'ang 'y')e0 /a,a'i0/a)i'& Be(e,7a 'e1a,a lang'-ng )e,a.a/ ,e'e/)*, 0enga()iva'i ,e'/*n' 7a,ingan9 'e.ang(an yang +e(e,7a 'e1a,a )i.a( lang'-ng 0enga0+a) en>i0 (*line')e,a'e .engan 0e0+en)-( '-a)- (*0/le(' (i0ia
6Kee9 "==#8& +e(e,7a )e,a.a/ ,e'e/)*, yang .ia()i4(an *le a'e)il(*lin "& a'e)il(*lin a& 0eng-,angi .eny-) 7an)-ng .an 1-,a 7an)-ng +& 0en-,-n(an )e(anan .a,a 1& 0ening(a)(an 'e(,e'i 'aliva .& 0e0a1- 'e(,e'i .an ge,a(an -'-'
e& 0ening(a)(an )*n-' *)*) .e),-'*, 'al-,an geni)*-,ina,i' 4& 0e0a1- (*n),a('i *)*) 'ilia,i' g& 0eng(*n),i('i *)*) '4ing)e, /-/il 2& 0e)a(*lin a& /eng*+a)an ga5a) .a,-,a) gla-(*0a '-.-) 'e0/i) -n)-( 0en-,-n(an )e(anan in),a*(-la, +& -7i .iagn*')i( -n)-( /a'ien yang .i.-ga 0engi.a/ a'0a $& (a,+a(*l a& 'e+agai 0i*)i(-0 -n)-( 0a)a +& 0en-,-n(an )e(anan .ala0 +*la 0a)a #& +e)ane(*l a& /eng*+a)an a)*nia (an.-ng (e0i /a'1a /e,'alinan a)a- /a'1a+e.a ?& & 0e)*1l*/,a0i.e Di'/e/'ia9 (e0+-ng9 ga'),i)i'9 .-*.eni)i'9 ,a'a /ana' /a.a -l- a)i9 '/a'0e /il*,i(9 ,e4l-(' e'*4agi)i'9 1eg-(an9 e,nia ia)-'9 0-al .an 0-n)a )e,0a'-( yang .i'e+a+(an *le *+a) +i-' .an in)*le,an'i )e,a.a/ *+a)3*+a)an&6A+.-lla9 2!"$8
D& Pa,a'i0/a)*li)i(a O+a) Pa,a'i0/a)*li)i(; an)i3(*line,gi(a .ala *+a) yang 0enga0+a) (e,7a a'e)i(*lin .engan 0ene0/a)i ,e'e/)*,3,e'e/)*, a'e)il(*lin 6Kee9"==#8& Na0a lain -n)-( an)i(*line,gi( a.ala agen /enga0+a) (*line,gi(9 agen an)i/a,a'i0/a)i'9 agen an)i 0-'(a,ini( a)a- an)i'/a'0*.i1&Me0+e,i(an e4e( /enga0+a)an )e,a.a/ )i0+-lnya a()ivi)a' 'a,a4 /a,a'i0/a)i( 6FK UNSRI8& Re'e/)*,3,e'e/)*, 0-'(a,ini(9 0e,-/a(an ,e'e/)*, (*line,gi(9 +e,/e,an .ala0 ,e'/*n' 7a,ingan an. *,gan )e,a.a/ an)i3(*line,gi(9 Ka,en an)i(*lne,gi( 0enga0+a) (e,7a a'e)i(*lin .engan 0ene0/a)i )e0/a) ,e'e/)*,& An)i(*line,gi( a)a- /a,a'i0/a)i(*li)i( 0ela5an (a'ia) a'e)il(*lin .engan 7alan 0enga0+a) )e,-)a0a ,e'e/)*,3,e'e/)*, 0-'(a,in yang )e,.a/a) .i SSP .an *,gan /e,i4e,& a)3>a) ini )i.a( +e(e,7a )e,a.a/ ,e'e/)*, ni(*)in9 (e1-ali >a) a00*ni-0 (5a,)ene, yang +e,.aya ,ingan )e,a.a/nya& Mi'alnya ,ela('a'i *)*) /an(-,*ni-0 .an ve(-,*ni-0 'e,)a gangli*n3+l*1(e,' yang )e,-)a0a 0enga0+a) ,e'e/)*,3N .i /ela) -7-ng 0y*ne-,al .an .i ganglia *)*n*0&6Kee9"==#8&
@*n)* O+a)3*+a) /a,a'i0/a)*li)i(: "& A),*/in In.i(a'i
:
/a,(in'*ni'0e9
0eni0+-l(an
0i.,ia'i'
64-n.-'(*/i89
an)i'/a'0*.i(9
0eng-,angi 'e(,e'i len.i, 'al na4a' 6,ini)i'89 0e.i(a'i /,eane')e)i( 60eng-,angi len.i, 'al na4a'8 6T7ay92!!%8 2& S(*/*la0in In.i(a'i : Ke7ang /a.a 'al-,an /en1e,naan .an -,*geni)al9 0a+-( /e,7alanan9 -l(-' /e/)i(-09 ga'),i)i' 6,a.ang la0+-ng8& 6Si)-'*+a)92!"$8 $& Ti*),*/i-0 In.i(a'i : )e,a/i /e0elia,aan *+'),-('i /a,- (,*ni( )e,0a'-( +,*n1i)i' .an e04i'e0a (,*ni( .an .i'/nea yang 0enye,)ainya 6BPOM RI92!"28 #& Pi,en>e/in In.i(a'i : Ul(-' la0+-ng .an .-*.en-0 yang a(-) .an (,*ni'9 ga'),i)i' .an .-*.eni)i' 6A/*)i(an)a,92!"$8 ?& T,*/i1a0i.a In.i(a'i : Be,(a'ia) an)i(*line,gi( (-a)9 .an )e,-)a0a .ig-na(an 'e+agai 0i.,ia)i(-0 -n)-( .iagn*'e 6A,iani92!"28
2. A. Pengaruh Obat Simpatomimetika Penga,- *+a) .ia)a' )e,a.a/ ,e'e/)*, a& Penga,- *+a) a.,ene,gi1 )e,a.a /,e'e/)*, - D*/a0ine e4e(: 0enga0+a) /ele/a'an /,*la1)in9 0en')i0-la'i SSP9 0e0*.i4i(a'i )*n-' *)*)9
0e,ang'ang @T .i 0e.-lla *+l*nga)a yang 0en-0+-l(an 0-al .an 0-n)a9 /a.a 7an)-ng .*/a0ine 0e0/-nyai e4e( in*),*/i1 /*')i)i4 .an (,*n*),*/i( 6al4a"8 /a.a .*'i' 'e.ang 'a0/ai )inggi9 /a.a /e0+-l- a,)e,i gin7al 60e0/-nyai ,e'e/)*, .*/a0ine8 0e0+e,i(an e4e(: va'*.ila)a'i .an /ening(a)an GFR /a.a .*'i' ,en.a9 .an
-
va'*(*n'),i('i .an /en-,-nan GFR /a.a .*'i' )inggi& E/ine4,in E4e(: /a.a 7an)-ng a(an 0e0/e,(-a )(*n),a('i .an 0e0/e,1e/a) ,ela('a'i ingga 5a()'i')*li( .an .ia')*li1 0en7a.i /en.e(& Pa.a va'1-la,9 /e,ang'angan ,e'e/)*, al4a "0eni0+-l(an va'*(*n'),i('i /a.a /e0+-l- .a,a (-li)9 0-(*'a .an gin7al&Pa.a 0a)a a(an 0en-,-n(an )e(anan in),a*(-le,.an.a/a) .ig-na(an -n)-( gla-1*0a '-.-))e, +-(a& Pa.a 'al-,an 1e,na a(an 0enye+a+(an a0+a)an /e0+e+ea'a A1 .an 0en-0+-l(an ,ela('a'i9 /en-,-nan )*n-' .an 0*)li)a' -'-' .an la0+-ng&
-
I'*/,*)ene,*l E4e(: 0e,ela('a'i a0/i, 'e0-a 7eni' *)*) /*l*'& E4e( ini )e,-)a0a 7ela' +ila )*n-' *)*) /*l*' 'e+el-0nya )inggi .an /aling 7ela' )e,lia) /a.a *)*) /*l*' +,*n(-' .an 'al-,an 1e,na&
B.Pengaruh Obat SImpatolitikum Reseptor simpatolitika
0en-,-n(an )e(anan .a,a (*n),i('i /-/il 0a)a9 +,*n(i*l-'9 -)e,-' 0ene(an e7a(-la'i 0en-,-n(an .eny-) 7an)-ng 6Kee9 "==#8& "& Bl*(e, a.,en*,e'e/)*, Be(e,7a 0ene0/a)i ,e'e/)*, a.,ene,gi( 'eingga 0enga0+a) in)e,a('i *+a) a.,ene,gi( .engan ,e'e/)*,nya .an 0enga(i+a)(an (e,7a a.,ene,gi( /a.a 'el e4e()*,nya .ia0+a)& Dengan .e0i(ian *+a) ini 0enga0+a) ,e'/*n' 'el e4e()*, a.,ene,gi()e,a.a/ /e,an'angan 'a,a4 'i0/a)i( .an )e,a.a/ *+a) a.,ene,gi( e('*gen6Raa,.7*92!!=8 Bl*(e, a.,en*,e'e/)*, .iagi 0en7a.i 2 +agian : a& Bl*(e, ɑ3a.,en*,e'e/)*, 6ɑ 3+l*(e,8 ang )e,0a'-( g*l*ngan ini iala .e,iva) al*al(ila0in9 .e,iva) i0i.a>*lin9 /,a>*'in9 .e,iva) al(al*i. e,g*)9 .an y*i0+in& Be(e,7a .engan +l*(e,an (*0/e)i)i4 NE /a.a al4a ,e'e/)*,& 6Raa,.7*92!!=8 - De,iva) al*al(ila0in yang )e,0a'-( g*l*ngan ini iala 4en*('i+en>a0in .an .i+ena0in9 .i0ana .ala0 .a,a a(an )e,-,ai 0en7a.i e)ileni0*ni-0 yang 0e0/-nyai e4e( ini+i'i (*0/e)i)i4 yang ,eve,'i++le& 6Raa,.7*92!!=8 E4e( /a.a *,gan : "& Pa.a SSP9 0eni0+-l(an e4e( 'e.a'i a)a- ')i0-la'i9 0-al9 0-n)a 2& Pa.a 0a)a9 0eni0+-l(an e4e( 0i*'i' $& Pa.a 'i')e0 (a,.i*va'(-la,9 )e,7a.i 'e.i(i) /en-,-nan )e(anan .a,a 'i')*li( .an .ia')*li( le+i e+a) 'e+agai a(i+a) +*l(a.e ,e4le(' va'*(*n),i('i9 +l*(a.e /,e''*, ,e'/*n' NE .an E/ine4,in #& Pa.a 'al-,an 1e,na9 )e,7a.i /ening(a)an 0*)ili)a' .an 'e(,e'i (elen7a,& ?& Pa.a 'al-,an (e0i (ela0in9 )e,7a.i gangg-an e7a(-la'i9 .an /en-,-nan )*n-' '4ing)e, & E4e( 0e)a+*li(9 )e,7a.i /e0+e+a'an in'-lin6Raa,.7*92!!=8
-
De,iva I0i.a>*lin
E4e( /a.a *,gan : "& Ma'a (e,7a +l*(e,annya (*0/e)ei)i4nyale+i /en.e( .a,i 4en*('i+en>a0in9 2& )*('i'i)a'nya le+i +e'a,9 $& .*'i' ,en.a 0eni0+-l(an va'*.ila)a'i (a,ena (e,7a lang'-ng /a.a *)*) /*l*' /e0+-l- .a,a6Raa,.7*92!!=8
- /,a>*'in 0enga0+a) al4a ,e'e/)*, yang 0e0+e,i(an e4e( va'*.ila)a'i9 /a,a>*'in 0eng-,angi )*n-' /e0+-l- .a,a a,)e,i 0a-/-nvena 'eingga 0eng-,angi ali, +ali( vena .an 1-,a 7an)-ng9 /en-,-nan )e(anan a,)e,i9 /en-,-nan )*n-' a,)e,i vana9 'e,)a 1-,a 7an)-ng .an )e(anan a),i-0 (anan a0/i, )i.a( +e,-+a& 6Raa,.7*92!!=8
-
*i0+in Me,-/a(an a4a +l*(e, (*0/e)i)i4 yang 1-(-/ 'ele()i4 -n)-( al4a ,e'e/)*,9 .i0ana y*i0+in .a/a) 0ening(a)(an /e0+e+a'an NE en.*gen /a.a .*'i' yang le+i ,en.a .a,i /a.a yang .i/e,l-(an -n)-( 0e0+l*( al4a ,e'e/)*, .i /e,i4e,& Me0il(i e4e( 'en),al +e,-/a /e,an'angan yang 0eni0+-l(an (enai(an )e(anan .a,a .an .eny-) 7an)-ng9 i/e,0*)*,i(9 .an ),e0*,& Dan an)i.i-,e'i' 'e,*)*nin .i /e,i4e, .an e4e( lang'-ng /a.a /e0+-l- .a,a yang le0a& 6Raa,.7*92!!=8
+& Bl*(e, ᵦ ,e'e/)*, 6ᵦ3+l*(e,8 ang )e,0a'-( g*l*ngan ini iala a'e+-)*l*l9 0e)*/,*l*l9 /,*/an*l*l9 )i0*l*l9na.*l*l9 .an lain lain& Be)a +l*(e, 0enga0+a) 'e1a,a (*0/e)i)i4 e4e( NE .an E/ine4,in en.*gen .an *+a) a.,ene,gi( e('*gen /a.a ,e'e/)*, +e)a& 6Raa,.7*92!!=8 - Bl*(a.e +e)a " ,e'e/)*, Pa.a 7an)-ng 0eni0+-l(an /en-,-nan e4e( in*),*/i( .an (,*n*),*/i(9 /en-,-nan *)*0a)i'i)a'9 .an (e1e/a)an (*n.-('i9 'e,)a /en-,-nan 1-,a 7an)-ng& Pen-,-nan *('igen 0i*(a,.ial .a/a) 0e0/e,+ai(i angina6Raa,.7*92!!=8 E4e( 0e)a+*li( : 0e0+l*( ,e'/*n' i/e,gli'e0i( )e,a.a/ e/i6Raa,.7*92!!=8
-
Bl*(a.e +e)a 2 ,e'e/)*, "& Pa.a 'al-,an na/a' +e,-/a +,*n(*(*n'),i('i9 .a/a) 0e0/e,+e,a) a)a- /en1e)-' )i0+-lnya +,*n(*'/a0e Pa.a va'(-la, +e,-/a /en1egaan .ila)a'i vena .an a,)e,i*l *,gan .ala0 a+.*0en9gin7al9/a,-9
.an
,e'e/)*,6Raa,.7*92!!=8
*)*)
'(ele)
yang
.i/e,an)a,ai
*le
+e)a
2
-
E4e( +l*(a.e +e)a /a.a SSP De/,e'i9 0i0/i9 in'*0nia6Raa,.7*92!!=8
1& Bl*(e, 'a,a4 a.,ene,gi( Menga0+a) a()ivi)a' 'a,a4 a.,ene,gi( .engan 0engangg- 'in)e'i'9 /enyi0/anan .an /e0+e+a'an NE .an e/ine4,in .i )e,0inal 'a,a4 a.,ene,gi(& - G-ane)i.in .an +,e)ili-0 E4e( ana')e'i l*(al +e,-/a 0en')a+il(an 0e0+,an -7-ng 'a,a4 /a,a'ina/)i( 'eingga -7-ng 'a,a4 )i.a( 0e0+e,i(an ,e'/*n )e,a.a/ /e,an'angan 'a,a4 a.,ene,gi(& 6Raa,.7*92!!=8
-
Re'e,/in Menga0+a) 'e1a,a ,eve,'i+le 0e(ani'0e ),an'/*, a()i4 NE .an a0in lain /a.a 0e0+,an ve'i(el a.,ene,gi(9 0enga0+a) a0+ilan NE .a,i 'i)*/la'0a9 0enga0+a) 'in)e'i' NE 0ela-i +l*(e,an a0+ilan .*/a0in .a,i ve'i(el 6Raa,.7*92!!=8
C. Pengaruh Obat Parasimpatomimetik Reseptor parasimpatomimetika 0en-,-n(an )e(anan .a,a 0en-,-n(an .eny-) 7an)-ng 0ening(a)(an )*n-' .an0*)ili)a'
*)*) /*l*' .a,i la0+-ng .an -'-' al-' (*n),i('i /-/il 0ena0+a 'aliva'i9 +e,(e,inga)9 .an ai, 0a)a 0ena0+a 'e(,e'i +,*n(ial 6Kee9 "==#8& 1. Re'e/)*, M-'(a,ini( Selain +e,i(a)an .engan A19 ,e'e/)*, 0-'(a,ini( 7-ga +e,i(a)an .engan 0-'(a,in9 ,e'e/)*, 0-'(a,ini( 0en-n7-((an a4ini)a' yang le0a )e,a.a/ ni(*)in& Re'e/)*, 0-'(ai,ini( .a/a) .i)e0-(an .ala0 ganglia 'i')e0 'a,a4 /e,i4e, .an *,gan e4e()*, *)*n*09 'e/e,)i 7an)-ng9 *)*) /*l*'9 *)a(9 .an (elen7a, e('*(,in 2. Re'e/)*, ni(*)ini( Selain 0engi(a) A19,e'e/)*, ini .a/a) 0engenal ni(*)in9 .an a4ini)a'nya le0a
)e,a.a/ 0-'(a,in& Pa.a )aa/ a5al9ni(*)in 0e0a1- ,e'e/)*, ni(*)ini(9na0-n 'e)ela i)- ni(*)in a(an 0enye(a) ,e'e/)*, ni(*)ini( 'en.i,i&
D. Pengaruh Obat Parasimpatolitika •
• • •
•
Mening(a)(an .eny-) na.i .an 0e0/e,1e/a) /ene,-'an i0/-l' .i+e,(a' i' yang .i'e+a+(an /enga0+a)an 'a,a4 /a,-3la0+-ng Meng-,angi 'e(,e'i 0-(-' 6li-,9(e,inga)9.aa(8 Men-,-n(an /e,i')al)i( .an 0eng-,angi )*n-' .an 0*)ili)a' 'al-,an la0+-ng3-'-' Mening(a)(an ,e)en'i -,ine .engan 0e,ela('a'i *)*) .e),-'*, yang 0enye+a+(an /eng*'*ngan (an.-ng (e0i 'eingga (a/a'i)a'nya 0ening(a)& Dila)a'i /-/il 0a)a 60i.,ia'i'8 .an +e,(-,angnya a(*0*.a'i 6Kee9"==#8
DAFTAR PUSTAKA A+.-lla9
.,&R&
2!"$&
Me)*1l*/,a0i.e&
Te,'e.ia
.i ))/:;;+-(-'a(-.*()e,&*,g;2!"$;!#;!2;0e)*1l*/,a0i.e; CDia('e' )anggal 2% A/,il 2!"? A/*)i(An)a,a&
2!"$&Ga'),*>e/in&)e,'e.ia
Online
.i:
))/:;;555&a/*)i(an)a,&1*0;ga'),*>e/in2?0g)a+le) A,iani9
L&
AN)i(*line,gi(.an*+a)/e,in)anggangli*ne,&Te,'e.ia
*nline
.i:
))/':;;1a0aiiaa,iani&5*,./,e''&1*0;/enye+a+3.ia,e;an)i3(*line,gi(3.an3*+a)3 /e,in)ang3gangli*ne,;
BPOM
RI&2!"2&Ti*),*/i-03+,*0i.e&Te,'e.ia
Online
.i:
))/:;;/i*na'&/*0&g*&i.;0*n*g,a4i;)i*),*/i-03+,*0i.e J-.a,5an)*9 & 2!"2& Pe0+e,ianO+a)A.,ene,gi(/a.aPen.e,i)aAle,gi& Availa+le *nline a) ))/:;;alle,gy1lini1*nline&1*0;2!"2;!;!#;/e0+e,ian3*+a)3a.,ene,gi(3/a.a3 /en.e,i)a3ale,gi;9 .ia('e'/a.a 2 A/,il 2!"?8 Kee9 J&L&9 Haye'9 E&R& 2!!#& FarmakologiPendekatan Proses Keperawatan.Ja(a,)a:EG@& M-na49 S& .an Ka0al-..in9 M&T& & 2!!=& Kumpulan KuliahFarmakologi& Ja(a,)a: EG@ S)a44 Ke.*()e,an FK UNSRI& 2!!=& Kumpulan KuliahFarmakologi& Ja(a,)a: EG@ Si)-'O+a)&
2!"$&
H*/*l*n3)e)e'&
Te,'e.ia
Online
Di:
))/:;;555&'i)-'*+a)&1*0;2!"$;!?;*l*/*n3)e)e'&)0l Tan9 H&J9 Ki,ana Raa.7a&2!!%&Obat-obat Penting.Jakarta&PT&Ele Me.ia (*0/-)in.* Raa,.7*9R& 2!!=& Kumpulan Kuliah Farmakologi,Ed 2& B-(- Ke.*()e,an EG@& Ja(a,)a
