Laporan Akhir Praktikum Farmakologi

LAPORAN AKHIR PRAKTIKUM FARMAKOLOGI “ EFEK LOKAL OBAT DAN EFEK ANESTETIKA LOKAL“

Di susun oleh : Aathiah Bal!is " #$$$%%&& '

PROGRAM STUDI FARMASI FARMASI FMIPA-ISTN JAKARTA 2015

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KATA PENGANTAR Pu(i s)u*u +en)usun +an(at*an +an(at*an *eha,iat Allah Allah S-T )an. telah /e/0ei*an /e/0ei*an anu.eah *e+a,a +en)usun untu* ,a+at /en)usun La+oan Pa*ti*u/ )an. 0e(u,ul 1 E2e* Lo*al O0at ,an E2e* Anasteti*a Lo*al1 La+o La+oan an +a*t +a*ti* i*u/ u/ ini ini ,isus ,isusun un 0e,a 0e,asa sa*a *ann hasi hasill ,ata ,ata3,a 3,ata ta ,ai ,ai hasil hasil +en.a +en.a/a /ata tan4 n4 /e,i /e,iaa ele*toni* 0eu+a Intenet ,an /e,ia 5eta*6 Pen)usun Pen)usun 0ehaa+ La+oan Pa*ti*u/ ini ,a+at 0e/an2aat 0e/an2aat untu* *ita se/ua ,ala/ /ena/0 /ena/0ah ah +en.eta +en.etahuan huan atau atau 7a7asan 7a7asan66 Pen)usun Pen)usun sa,a sa,a La+oan La+oan Pa*ti Pa*ti*u/ *u/ ini 0elu/l 0elu/lah ah se/+una /a*a ,ai itu +en)usun san.at /en.haa+*an *iti* ,an saan ,ai +e/0a5a a.a /a*alah ini /en(a,i se/+una6

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Pen)usun













DAFTAR ISI KATA KATA PENGAN PE NGANTAR TAR ...................................... ......................................................... ....................................... ........................................ ........................... ....... 2 BAB I PENDAHULUAN..................................... ......................................................... ........................................ .................................. .............. ....... 4 A6 LATAR BELA BELAKA KANG NG...................................... .......................................................... ........................................ .................................... ................ 4 EFEK LOKAL..................................... ......................................................... ........................................ ........................................ ............................. ......... 4 EFEK ANASTETIKA LOKAL........................................ ........................................................... ................................. .............. ............ 4 B6 TU8U TU8UA AN PRAK PRAKTI TIK KUM..................................... ......................................................... ..................................................... ................................. 4 EFEK LOKAL..................................... ......................................................... ........................................ ........................................ ............................. ......... 4 EFEK ANASTETIKA LOKAL........................................ ........................................................... ................................. .............. ............ 5 ;6 MANF MANFA AAT PRAK PRAKTI TIKU KUM M...................................... .......................................................... ................................... ............... .............. 5 EFEK LOKAL..................................... ......................................................... ........................................ ........................................ ............................. ......... 5 EFEK ANASTETIKA LOKAL........................................ ........................................................... ................................. .............. ............ 5 BAB II TIN8AUAN PUSTAKA........................................ ................................................................................... ........................................... ....... 6 BAB III PROSEDUR DAN HASIL PRAKTIKUM................................................................13 I6

EFEK EF EK OBA OBAT T PA PADA ME MEMB MBRA RAN N DAN DAN KULI KULIT T MUKO MUKOSA SA.............................................13

II6 II6 EF EFEK EK ANA ANAST STET ETIK IKA A LOK LOKAL AL........................................ ........................................................... ................................. .............. ....... 17 BAB I< PEMBAHASAN....................................... ........................................................... ....................................... ..................................... .................. 22 I6

EFEK EF EK OBA OBAT T PA PADA ME MEMB MBRA RAN N KULI KULIT T DAN DAN MUKO MUKOSA SA.............................................22

II6 II6 EF EFEK EK ANA ANAST STET ETIK IKA A LOK LOKAL AL........................................ ........................................................... ................................. .............. ....... 23 PERTAN=AAN PERTAN=AAN :...................................... .......................................................... ........................................ .............................................. .......................... 25 8A-ABAN :...................................... .......................................................... ........................................ ....................................... ................................ ............. 25 BAB < KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN....................................... ..................................................................... .............................. .......... 28 DAFTAR PUSTAKA....................................... ........................................................... ........................................ ........................................... ....................... 31

BAB I













A. LA LAT TAR BEL BELAKA AKANG NG EFEK LOKAL Se0a.ai /ahasis7a 2a/asi4 su,ah sehausn)a *ita /en.etahui hal3hal )an. 0e*aitan ,en.an o0at4 0ai* ,ai se.i 2a/aseti*4 2a/a*o,ina/i*4 2a/a*o*ineti*4 ,an (u.a ,ai se.i 2a/a*olo.i 6 A,a+un )an. /elata0ela*an. /atei ini a,alah a.a *ita ,a+at /en.etahui *aitan antaa e2e* lo*al ,ai 0e0a.ai o0at > sen)a7a *i/ia teha,a+ *ulit4 seta a+a sa(a si2at ,an ?at )an. /a/+u /eusa* *ulit6 EFEK ANASTETIKA LOKAL Se0a.ai /ahasis7a 2a/asi4 su,ah sehausn)a *ita /en.etahui hal3hal )an. 0e*aitan ,en.an o0at4 0ai* ,ai se.i 2a/aseti*4 2a/a*o,ina/i*4 2a/a*o*ineti*4 ,an (u.a ,ai se.i 2a/a*olo.i 6 A,a+un )an. /elata0ela*an. /atei ini a,alah a.a *ita ,a+at /en.etahui *aitan antaa ti.a te*hni* anastesi4 2a*to32a*to )an. /e/+en.auhi *e(a anasteti*a lo*al ,an +otensi *e(a anasteti*a lo*al ,en.an /ane2estasi .e(alan)a6

B. TU TUJU JUAN AN PR PRAK AKTIK TIKUM UM EFEK LOKAL  Da+at /e/+e*ia*an 0entu* /ani2estasi e2e* lo*al ,ai 0e0a.ai o0at teha,a+ *ulit ,an /e/0an /u*osa 0e,asa*an 5aa35aa *e(a /asin.3/asin.n)a4 seta /en.a+esiasi*an +enea+an ini ,ala/ situasi +a*tis6  Men)a,ai si2at ,an intensitas *e/a/+uan /eusa* *ulit ,an /e/0an /u*osa ,ai 0e0a.ai o0at )an. 0e*e(a se5aa lo*al6  Da+at /en.a+esiasi*an +ean +elaut teha,a+ intensitas *e(a 2enol ,an ,a+at /en.a(u*an *e/un.*inan +e/an2aatan ini ,ala/ situasi +a*tis  Da+at /eu/us*an +es)aatan3+es)aatan 2a/a*olo.i untu* o0at3o0at )an. se5aa lo*al6 EFEK ANASTETIKA LOKAL Untu* /en.et /en.etahui ahui te*ni* te*ni* +e/0ei +e/0eian an anestes anestesii lo*al lo*al se5aa se5aa ,en.an ,en.an 5aa 5aa anestes anestesii  Untu* in2iltasi4 /eto,e e.nie4anestesi +e/u*aaan4anestesi *on,u*si6  Untu* /en.etahui 2a*to32a*to )an. /elan,asi +e0e,aan3+e0e,aan ,ala/ si2at ,an













C. MAN MANFA FAA AT PRAK PRAKTIK TIKUM UM EFEK LOKAL  Da+at /e/+e*ia*an 0entu* /ani2estasi e2e* lo*al ,ai 0e0a.ai o0at teha,a+ *ulit ,an /e/0an /u*osa 0e,asa*an 5aa35aa *e(a /asin.3/asin.n)a4 seta /en.a+esiasi*an +enea+an ini ,ala/ situasi +a*tis6  Men)a,ai si2at ,an intensitas *e/a/+uan /eusa* *ulit ,an /e/0an /u*osa ,ai 0e0a.ai o0at )an. 0e*e(a se5aa lo*al6  Da+at /en.a+esiasi*an +ean +elaut teha,a+ intensitas *e(a 2enol ,an ,a+at /en.a(u*an *e/un.*inan +e/an2aatan ini ,ala/ situasi +a*tis  Da+at /eu/us*an +es)aatan3+es)aatan 2a/a*olo.i untu* o0at3o0at )an. se5aa lo*al6

EFEK ANASTETIKA LOKAL  Men.etahui te*ni* +e/0eian anestesi lo*al se5aa ,en.an 5aa anestesi in2iltasi4 /eto,e e.nie4anestesi +e/u*aaan4anestesi *on,u*si6  Men.etahui 2a*to32a*to )an. /elan,asi +e0e,aan3+e0e,aan ,ala/ si2at ,an +otensi anestesi lo5al  Men.etahui 2a*to32a*to )an. /e/+en.auhi *e(a anestesi lo5al  Men.hu0un.*an +otensi *e(a anestesi lo5al ,en.an /ani2estasi .e(ala to*sisitasn)a seta +en,e*atan asional untu* /en.atasi to*sisitas anestesi*a

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTA PUSTAKA KA













Anes Aneste teti ti** lo*a lo*all iala ialahh o0at o0at )an. )an. /en. /en.ha hasi sil* l*an an 0lo* 0lo*a, a,ee *on, *on,u* u*si si atau atau 0lo* 0lo*a, a,ee loon.natiu/ +a,a ,in,in. saa2 se5aa se/entaa teha,a+ an.san. tans/isi se+an(an. saa24 (i*a,i.una*an +a,a saa2 sental atau +ei2e6 Anesteti* lo*al setelah *elua ,ai saa2 ,ii*uti oleh +ulihn)a *on,u*si saa2 se5aa s+ontan ,an len.*a+ tan+a ,ii*uti oleh *eusa*an stu*tu saa26"Sai4 %%&'Anesteti* lo*al /en.hilan.*an +en.hantaan saa2 *eti*a ,i.una*an se5aa lo*al +a,a (ain.an saa2 ,en.an *onsentasi te+at6 Be*e(a +a,a se0a.ian Siste/ Saa2 Pusat "SSP' ,an setia+ sea0ut saa26 66 Si2at Anesteti* Lo*al )an. I,eal a6 Poten Poten ,an ,an 0esi2a 0esi2att se/en se/entaa taa "e@esi "e@esi0el 0el'' 06 Se0ai*n)a ti,a* /en.iitasi ,an ti,a* /eusa* (ain.an saa2 se5aa +e/anen"*e0an)a*an anesteti* lo*al /e/enuhi s)aat s )aat ini'6 56 Batas *ea/anan *ea/anan haus haus le0a4 le0a4 se0a0 se0a0 anesteti* anesteti* lo*al lo*al a*an a*an ,isea+ ,isea+ ,ai te/+atsu te/+atsunti*an nti*an66 ,6 Mula Mula *e(a *e(a hau hauss sesin. sesin.*at *at /un.*i /un.*in6 n6 e6 Masa *e(a *e(a haus 5u*u+ la/a4 la/a4 sehin..a sehin..a 5u*u+ 7a*tu 7a*tu untu* untu* /ela*u*an /ela*u*an tin,a*a tin,a*ano+e no+easi asi44 teta+i ti,a* se,e/i*ian la/a sa/+ai /e/+e+an(an. /asa +e/ulihan6 26 at anestet anesteti* i* lo*al (u.a (u.a haus laut ,ala/ ,ala/ ai4 sta0il sta0il ,ala/ ,ala/ lautan4 lautan4 ,an ,a+at,is ,a+at,iste teil* il*an an tan+a /en.ala/i +eu0ahan6 .6 Ha.an) Ha.an)aa /uah /uah "Ro5 "Ro5h/a h/a7at 7atii ,**4 ,**4 %%&' %%&' 6$6 Pen..olon.an Anestesi lo*al a6 Golon.an este "3;OO;3' Ko*ain4 0en?o*ain "a/ei*ain'4 a/eto5aine4 +o*ain"ne@o5aine'4 teta*ain "+onto5aine'4 "+onto5a ine'4 *loo+o*ain "nesa5aine'6 06 Golon.an a/i,a "3NH;O3' Li,o*ain ")lo5aine4 li.no5aine'4 /e+i@a*ain "5a0o5aine'4 "5a0o5aine'4 +ilo*ain +ilo*ain "5itanest'4 "5itanest'4 0u+i@a*ain 0u+i@a*ain "/a5aine'4 "/a5aine'4 eti,o*ain eti,o*ain ",uanest'4 ",uanest'4 ,i0u*ain ,i0u*ain "nu+e5aine'4o+i@a*ain "nao+in'4 le@o0u+i@a5aine "5hio5aine'6"Sai4 %%&' 6C6 Me*anis/e Ke(a Anastesi lo*al O0at O0at 0e*e 0e*e( (aa +a,a +a,a ese ese+t +to o s+es s+esi2 i2i* i* +a,a +a,a salu salua ann nat natiu iu/ / "so, "so,iu iu/ / 5han 5hanne nel' l'44 /en5e.a /en5e.ahh +enin. +enin.*at *atan an +e/ea0i +e/ea0ilit litas as sel saa2 saa2 teha,a teha,a++ ion natiu/ natiu/ ,an *aliu/ *aliu/44 sehin..a sehin..a te(a,i,e+olaisasi +a,a sela+ut saa2 ,an hasiln)a ta* te(a,i *on,u*si saa26 Me*anis/e uta/a a*sianesteti* lo*al a,alah /e/0lo*a,e “@olta.e3.ate, so,iu/ 5hannels16 Me/0ane a*son saa24/e/0ane otot (antun.4 ,an 0a,an sel saa2 /e/ili*i +otensial istiahat 3&% hin..a 3% /<6 /<6Sela/ Sela/aa e*sit e*sitasi asi44 loon loon.. so,i so,iu/ u/ te0u te0u*a *a44 ,an se5a se5aa a 5e+a 5e+att 0e,e 0e,e+ol +olai aisas sasii hin. hin..a .a te5a+a te5a+aii +otensi +otensial al e!uili0 e!uili0iu iu/ / so,iu/ so,iu/ "C% /<'6 /<'6 A*i0a A*i0att ,ai ,e+ola ,e+olaisa isasi4 si444 loon. loon. so,iu/ so,iu/ /enutu+"ina*t /enutu+"ina*ti2' i2' ,an loon. +otassiu/ te0u*a6 Alian Alian se0elah lua ,ai e+olaisasi +otassiu/















Fun. Fun.si si so,i o,iu/ 5han 5hanne nell 0isa 0isa ,i.a ,i.an. n..u .u oleh oleh 0e0e 0e0ea a+a +a 5aa 5aa66 To*si *sin 0iol 0iolo. o.ii se+eti 0ata5hotoin4 a5onitine4 @eati,ine4 ,an 0e0ea+a @eno/ *ala(en.*in. 0ei*atan +a,a ese+to ,iantaa loon. ,an /en5e.ah ina*ti@asi6 A*i0atn)a te(a,i +e/an(an.an in2lu so,iu/ /elalui /elaluilo loon. on. ,an ,e+ola ,e+olais isasi asi ,ai +otensi +otensial al istia istiahat hat66 Teto,o eto,oto toin in "TT' "TT' ,an saito saitoin in /e/0 /e/0lo lo** loo loon. n. so,i so,iu/ u/ ,en. ,en.nn 0ei 0ei*a *ata tann *e+a *e+a,a ,a 5han 5hanel el ese ese+t +to o ,i ,e*a ,e*att +e/ +e/u* u*an an eta5ellula6 Sea0utsaa2 se5aa si.ni2i*an 0e+en.auh teha,a+ 0lo5*a,e o0at anestesi lo5al sesuai u*uan ,an,ea(at /ielinisasi saa26 A+li*asi lan.sun. anesteti* lo5al +a,a a*a saa24 seat B ,an ; )an.*e5il ,i0lo* +eta/a4 ,ii*uti oleh sensasi lainn)a4 ,an 2un.si /otoi* )an. tea*hi ,i0lo* "Ro5h/a7ati ,**4 %%&' 696 Te*ni* Pe/0eian Anesteti* Lo*al a6 Anes Aneste tesi si +e/ +e/u* u*aa aann Di.u Di.una na*a *ann +a,a +a,a /u*o /u*osa sa > +e/ +e/u* u*aa aann lu*a lu*a Dai Dai sana sana 0e, 0e,i2 i2us usii *e o.a o.ann a*hi a*hi  sensoi* ,an *e +e5a0an.an saa2 te/inal6 Pa,a e+i,e/is )an. utuh "ti,a* telu*a'4 /a*a anestet anesteti* i* lo*al lo*al ha/+i ha/+i ti,a* ti,a* 0e*hasi 0e*hasiat at *aena *aena anestet anesteti* i* lo*al lo*al ha/+i ha/+i ti,a* ti,a* /ene/0us la+isan tan,u*6 06 Anestesi in2iltasi Disu Disunt ntii**an **an *e ,al ,ala/ (ai ain.an n.an44 te/ te/as asu* u* (u.a (u.a ,iis ,iisii*an *an *e ,ala ,ala/ / (ai (ain. n.an an66 Den.an,e/i*ian selain o.an u(un. sensoi*4 (u.a 0atan.30ataan. saa2 *e5il ,iha/0at6 56 Anes Aneste tesi si *on, *on,u* u*si si Disunti**an ,i se*ita saa2 tetentu)an. ,itu(u ,an hantan an.san. +a,a te/+atini ,i+utus*an6;ontoh : anestesi s+inal4 ,ihasil*an 0ila *ita /en)unti**an o0at anal.esi5 lo5al *e ,ala/ uan. su03aa5hnoi, su03aa5hnoi, ,i ,aeah antaa @ete0a L3L$ atau L$3LC atau LC3L9 anestesi +ei,ual +ei,ual













66 Li,o*ain H;l DOSIS PEMBERIAN OBAT Anestesi lo*al in(e*si:,e7asa ,an ana*: 0e@aiasi 0e.antun. +a,a +ose,u4 tin.*at anestesi )an. ,iin.in*an4 +e2usi (ain.an4 ,uasi )an. ,iin.in*an ,an *on,isi 2isi* +asien: /a*si/u/ C49 /.>*.>,osis (an.an ,iulan. ,ala/ 7a*tu  (a/6Antiait/ia: ana*: I<: loa,in. ,ose: # /.>*. "/a*si/u/ #%% /.' ,ii*uti ,en.an in2us ,a+at ,i0ei*an 0olus *e,ua %493# /.>*. ,en.an (aa* antaa 0olus ,an a7al in2us #9 /enit6 In2us: %39% /5.>*.>/enit6 Guna*an % /5.>*.>/enit +a,a +asien sho*4 +en)a*it hati4 henti (antun.4 .a.al (antun. in.an4 .a.al (antun. se,an.30eat ,i0utuh*an #> loa,in. ,ose ,an *e5e+atan in2us )an. le0ih la/0at untu* /en.hin,ai to*sisitas6 FARMAKOLOGI Mula *e(a I<: ,osis 0olus tun..al: C93&% ,eti*6 Duasi *e(a: #%3% /enit6 Disti0usi: <,: #4#34# L>*. 0eu0ah oleh 0e0a.ai 2a*to +asien /enuun oleh .a.al (antun. *oni* ,an +en)a*it hati /ele7ati 0aie ,aah ota*6I*atan +otein: %3%J +a,a al2a#asa/ .li*o+otein6 Meta0olis/e: ,i hati &%J /eta0olit a*ti2 /onoetil.lisine*sili,i, "MEG' ,an .lisine*sili,i, "G' ,a+at tea*u/ulasi ,an /en)e0a0*an to*sisitas SSP6 STABILITAS PEN=IMPANAN In(e*si li,o*ain sta0il +a,a suhu uan.6 Sta0ilitas 5a/+uan +aenteal +a,a suhu uan. "9 ;' a,alah /asa *a,alu7asa )an. tetea +a,a 7a,ah se0elu/ ,i5a/+u Bila telah ,i0u*a *esta0ilan hilan. setelah $% hai6 %

KONTRA INDIKASI Hi+esensiti2 teha,a+ li,o*ain atau *o/+onen )an. te,a+at ,ala/ 2o/ula4 hi+esensiti2













teasa in.an4 5e/as4 +si*osis4 +si*osis4 sei?ue4 sei?ue4 0i5aa ti,a* (elas4 so/nolens4 so/nolens4 ti,a* sa,a6 sa,a6 De/atolo.i: De/atolo.i: an.ioe,e/a4 /e/a4 ,e/atitis *onta*4 ,e+i./intasi4 u,e/ *ulit4 .atal4 +ete*ia4 +uitis4 ua/4 uti*aia6 66 Teta*ain Teta*ai Teta*ainn a,alah ,ei@at asa/ +aa3a/ino0en?oa +aa3a/ino0en?oat6t6 Pa,a +e/0eian inta@ena4 ?at ini #% *ali le0ih a*ti2 ,an le0ih to*si* ,ai+a,a +o*ain6 O0at ini ,i.una*an untu* se.ala /a5a/ anestesia4 untu* +e/a*aian to+ila* +a,a /ata ,i.una*an lautan teta*ain %69J4 untu* hi,un. ,an ten..oo* lautan J6 Pa,a anestesia s+inal4 ,osis total #%3%/.6 Teta*ain /e/elu*an ,osis )an. 0esa ,an /ula *e(an)a la/0at4 ,i/eta0olis/e la/0at sehin..a 0e+otensi to*si*6 Na/un 0ila ,i+elu*an /asa *e(a )an. +an(an. anestesia s+inal4 s +inal4 ,i.una*an teta*ain6 Pen..unaan Anestesi s+inal anestesi lo*al ,i /ata untu* 0e0a.ai tu(uan ,ia.nosti* ,an +e/ei*saan to+i*al ,itea+*an +a,a hi,un. ,an ten..oo*an untu* 0e0a.ai +ose,u ,ia.nosti* .el to+i*al OT; untu* +en.o0atan asa sa*it )an. te*ait ,en.an lu*a ,in.in ,an le+uh ,e/a/ Pen..unaan +a,a Gi.i Este3(enis Este3(enis anestesi lo*al ,ioles*an ,ioles*an *e ten..oo*an ten..oo*an untu* 0e0a.ai +ose,u ,ia.nosti* ,ia.nosti* ,an lu*a ,in.in ,an le+uh ,e/a/ n)ei Konta in,i*asi Hi+ese Hi+esensi nsiti@ ti@ita itass teha,a teha,a++ teta*a teta*ain in atau atau *o/+one *o/+onenn ,ai ,ai 2o/ulas 2o/ulasi i in2e*si in2e*si 0a*tei 0a*tei se*un,e /ata +en)a*it hati Pen)a*it SSP atau /enin.itis "(i*a ,i.una*an untu* anestesi e+i,ual atau s+inal' /)asthenia .a@is













Sta0ilitas In(e*si: ,isi/+an ,i 0a7ah +en,in.in telin,un. ,ai sina /atahai lautan tetes /ata: ,isi/+an ,ala/ le/ai +en,in.in +a,a  ; sa/+ai ; Me*anis/e A*si Este 0lo* anestesi lo*al 0ai* inisiasi ,an *on,u*si i/+uls saa2 ,en.an /en.uan.i +e/ea0ilitas /e/0an neuon untu* ion natiu/4 )an. /en.hasil*an +en.ha/0atan ,e+olaisasi ,en.an 0lo*a,e esultan ,ai *on,u*si Fa/a*o,ina/i* > Kineti5s Onset a*si: Anestesi: Anestesi: Mata:  % ,eti* To+i*al To+i*al atau tulan. 0ela*an. in(e*si: $3 /enit setelah ,ite ,itea+ a+*a *ann /e/0 /e/0a ann /u*os /u*osaa atau atau *eti* *eti*aa +elan +elanaa 0lo* 0lo* ,i0e ,i0ei i*an *an untu* untu* anest anestesi esi s+in s+inal al Meta0olis/e: Hati ,i,eto*si2i*asi oleh estease +las/a untu* a/ino0en?oi5 a5i,6 E*s*esi /elalui uin Dosis Ana*3ana*  tahun: .el to+i*al OT;: Din.in lu*a ,an le5et ,e/a/: Tea+*an untu* ,aeah )an. te*ena hin..a $3C *ali > hai hin..a  hai De7asa: Lautan tetes /ata "ti,a* untu* +en..unaan (an.*a +an(an.': Menana/*an #3 tetes Anest Anestesi esi s+ina s+inal: l: Tin.. Tin..i4i4 se,an. se,an.44 en,a en,ah4 h4 ,an ,an 0lo* 0lo* sa,el sa,el:: %4J %4J /en(a /en(a,i ,i %4$J %4$J lau lauta tann Be*e+an(an.an "3$ (a/': #J lautanSu0aa5hnoi, in(e*si: 93% /. Sa,,le 0lo5*: 39 /. solusi #J haus ,ien5e*an ,en.an @olu/e )an. sa/a ,ai ;SF se0elu/ +e/0eian Me/0an /u*osa to+i*al "J lautan': Tea+*an )an. ,i+elu*an ,osis ti,a* 0oleh /ele0ihi % /. 66 A,enalin > E+ine2in













Fa/a*o,ina/i*a>Kineti*a : Onset : Bon*o,ilatasi : S; : 93#% /enit Inhalasi : # /enit6 Meta0olis/e : ,ia/0il oleh saa2 a,ene.i* ,an ,i/eta0olis/e oleh /onoa/ine oi,ase ,an 5ate5hol3o3/eth)ltans2ease o0at ,ala/ si*ulasi /en.ala/i /eta0olis/e ,i he+a6 E*s*esi : Uin "se0a.ai /eta0olit ina*ti2 /etane2in4 ,an sul2at ,an ,ei@at hi,o*si asa/ /an,elat4 (u/lah *e5il ,ala/ 0entu* ti,a* 0eu0ah' STABILITAS PEN=IMPANAN Pen)ia+an in2us I< : En5e*an # /. ,ala/ 9% /L D9- atau NS "C /5.>/L'6 Ke5e+atan +e/0eian a7al # /5.>/enit ,an nai**an hin..a e2e* )an. ,i*ehen,a*i6 Sta0il ,ala/ : ,etan J ,ala/ ,etose4 ,etan J ,ala/ NS4 D9LR4 D9#>CNS4 D9#>NS4 D9NS4 D9-4 D#%-4 D#%NS4 LR4 NS in*o/+ati0el ,en.an natiu/ 0i*a0onat 9J6 Pe/0eian Pe /0eian /elalui =3site site : Ko/+a Ko/+ati0 ti0el el : Ata5 Ata5ui uiu/4 u/4 5al5iu 5al5iu/ / 5hloi 5hloi,e4 ,e4 5al5iu 5al5iu/ / .lu5ona .lu5onate4 te4 5isat 5isata5u a5uiu/ iu/44 ,iltia?e/4 ,iltia?e/4 ,o0uta/ine4 ,o0uta/ine4 ,o+a/ine4 ,o+a/ine4 2a/oti,ine4 2a/oti,ine4 2entan)l4 2entan)l4 2uose/i,e4 2uose/i,e4 he+ain4 he+ain4 h),o5otison h),o5otisonee so,iu/ su55inate4 h),o/o+hone4 ina/inone4 la0etalol4 le@o2loa5in4 loa?e+a/4 /i,a?ola/4 /ilinone4 /o+hine4 ni5a,i+ine4 nito.l)5ein4 noe+ine+hine4 +an5uoniu/4 +h)tona,ione4 +otassiu/ 5hloi,e4 +o+o2ol4 aniti,ine4 e/i2entanil4 @e5uoniu/4 @ita/in B 5o/+le 7ith ;4 7a2 7a2a ain in66 In* In*o/ o/+a +ati ti0e 0ell : A/+ A/+i5 i5il illi lin4 n4 thio thio+e +ent ntal al66 Ko/ Ko/+a +ati ti0i 0ili lita tass +en5 +en5a/ a/+u +ua ann : Ko/+ati0el : A/i*a5in4 0u+i@a5aine4 5i/eti,ine4 ,o0uta/ine4 2entan)l4 2loa5illin4 2uose/i,e4 /eta /etaa/ a/in inol ol44 anit aniti, i,in ine4 e4 @ea+ @ea+a/ a/il il66 In*o In*o/+ /+at ati0 i0el el : A/i A/ino+ no+h) h)ll llin ine4 e4 h)al h)aluo uoni ni,a ,ase4 se4 /e+hente/ine4 so,iu/ 0i5a0onate6 Pen)i/+anan : E+ine2in +e*a teha,a+ u,aa ,an 5aha)a6 O*si O*si,a ,asi si a*an a*an /en. /en.u0a u0ahh 7ana 7ana laut lautan an /en( /en(a, a,ii /ea /eahh (a/0 (a/0uu *e/u,i *e/u,ian an 5o*l 5o*lat at66 8an.a 8an.ann ,i.una*an 0ila te(a,i +eu0ahan 7ana atau te,a+at en,a+an6 KONTRA INDIKASI Mes*i+un ,iin,i*asi*an untu* o+en3an.le, .lau5o/a4 e+ine2in *ontain,i*asi /utla* +a,a 5lose,3an.le .lau5o/a *aena ,a+at /e/+e+aah *on,isi ini6 Hin,ai e*sta@asasi e+ine2in4 *aena ,a+at /en)e0a0*an *eusa*an (ain.an ,a>atau .an.en atau e*si in(e*si















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