F‟jppjrhof udeuïjf Jdjtbioh - [mysobfbeoh [mysobfbeoh [rosh hd amjreh nhs trjuijtosihs
Nr Q.Ajriís Ahdtrh nh fj ijod Afodoquh nhs Hjux Afjorhs \JA Ibunbde Qun - @joh Ijmjuft Eujnhfbuph
F‟jppjrhof udeuïjf
Jppjrhof jdjtbioquh prbprh Jdjtbioh pmysobfbeoh ht pmysobpjtmbfbeoh noggïrhdths ht odnïphdnjdths nu rhsth nu nboet ,
F‟bdefh hst ud provofíeh prbprh jux mbiihs ht jux proijths supïrohurs Of trjnuot f‟jnjptjtobd ë nhs ehsths prïaos ht nïfoajts
F‟jppjrhof udeuïjf
Jppjrhof jdjtbioquh prbprh
Hstmïtoquhs ht utofhs Pþfh n‟ïamjdehur tmhrioquh [rbtíeh f‟hxtrïiotï nbrsjfh nu nboet Qhrt ë sh erjtthr ht ë sh nïghdnrh Qurtbut< of jueihdth fj shdso`ofotï pufpjorh
[jrtoaufjrotïs jdjtbioquhs ht gbda datob tobddh ddhff ffhhs Qhuf ïfïihdt roeonh ju-nhfë nh fj pmjfjdeh nostjfh phriht nh stj`ofoshr fj pufph nostjfh ! Abdtrþfh
fj nïgbrij`ofotï pufpjorh
Fj tj`fhtth j ud hgght nh abdtrh-prhssobd quo abdtrh-prhssobd quo phrr iht n‟jueih ph n‟ju eihdt dthr hr fj sh shdso`ofo dso`ofotï tï pufpjorh pufp jorh.. ! [jrtoaoph
ë fj prïaosobd nhs ehsths
Jdjtbioh nh f‟jppjrhof udeuïjf F‟jppjrhof udeuïjf a‟hst< - Xd supp suppbrt brt bst bstïb ïb-f -foeji oejihdt hdtjorh jorh - Nhs tossus spïaoquhs 9 fh pïrobdyamoui - Xdh tj`fhtth quo rhabuvrh f‟hdshi`fh
Fh sup suppb pbrt rt bst bstïb ïb-f -foeji oejihd hdttjorh Fj pmjfjdeh nostjfh
- @jsh @jsh jrtoauf jrtoau fjorh - Nojpmysh jffbdeïh - [bodth jpfjtoh hd « ghr ë amhv amhvjf jf ³
Fhs foejihdts
Njds fh fh pfjd pfjd fbd fbdeo eotu tunodjf< nodjf< - Foejihdt odthr-bsshux fjtïrjf nh Gfodt - Foejihdt mypbdyamojf
Njds fh fh pfjd pfjd trjdsvhrsjf< trjdsvhrsjf< - Fh foejihdt nbrsjf nh Euïrb, quo xh f‟jppjrhof ë f‟O[N - Fh foejihdt mypbd myp bdoamojf oamojf hd nost nostjfo jfotï tï
F‟jppjrhof ud udeuïjf euïjf - rhpbsh sur ud nhrih roamhihdt vjsaufjrosï - sjds tossu tossu mypbnhr mypbnhrioquh ioquh
F‟hdshi`fh nh ahs tossus gbrih fh sbafh
Fhs struaturhs foejihdtjorhs Gbrihdt ud vïrotj`fh dőun `rhux prbxoijf Nbdt fhs fhs `rhs prbvohddhdt nhs hxpjdsobds hxpjdsobds nhs thdnbds hxthdshur, ffïamosshur ht nhs foejihdts abffjtïrjux
Fj tj`fhtth Hst prbnuoth pjr fj ijtroah udeuïjfh hx hxaf afus usovhi ovhihdt hdt +++ Abdefbiïrjt nh ahffufhs abrdïhs nospbsïhs hd strjths cïrjtodoquh pjrtohff jrtohffhi hihdt hdt trjdsfuaonh trjdsfuaonh • Qtruaturh cïrjtodoquh p • Qurgjah fossh ht `roffjdth jahh prbgbdnh prbgbd nh stroïh nh rjodu jodurhs rhs fbde fbdeootu tunodjf nodjfhs hs quo • Gja abdtro`uhdt ë f‟jijrrhr ju fot udeuïjf sbus-ljahdt • Fj foioth nostjfh nh ahtth zbdh n‟jnmïrhdah hst f‟mypbdyamoui
Hffh j udh gbrih `o-abdajvh njds fhs shds fbdeotunodjf ht trjdsvhrsjf ! ïpbush fh nbs nu nboet Abipb sïh nh 1 abuamhs Abipbsïh abuamh s nostodat nostodaths F‟hdshi`fh ihsurh ;,8 ii n‟ïpjosshur ht hs h st abipbsïh abipb sïh nh 0;% n‟hju Qtruaturh trís sbupf sb upfhh ! sbuvhdt odtjath fbrs nh trjuijtosihs jfbrs quh fhs struaturhs sbus-ljahdths phuvhdt ìtrh fïsïhs
Qj gbrih nïphdn nhs struaturhs sbusljahdths ht nh f‟odtïerotï nhs rhpfos
Fh pïrobdyamoui pïrobdyamoui hst hst abip abipbsï bsï nh 1 struaturhs sotuïhs njds ud iìih pfjd
Ijtroah
Fj ijtroah Fh fot nh f‟bdefh F‟mypbdyamoui
Ofs s‟jeot nh struaturhs mjuthihdt spïaojfosïhs
Fj ijtroah Xdoquh struaturh ajpj`fh nh prbnuorh nh fj tj`fhtth
• Qotuïh ju-nhssbus nh f‟Hpbdyamoui (bu rhpfo prbxoijf) • Abdtburdh fj `jsh nh f‟bdefh pbur pjrtoaophr ë fj • •
gbrijtobd nh fj abuamh suphraohffh [rbnuot nh f‟bdefh hd jlbutjdt nh dbuvhffhs abuamhs ahffufjor ahff ufjorhs hs ë f‟bdefh f‟b defh nïlë gbriï, gbr iï, hd f‟ïpjossossj f‟ïpjossossjdt dt.. F‟ïpjosshur nh fj tj`fhtth nïphdn nh fj fbdeuhur nh fj ijtroah
Fj ijtroah< 0 abuamhs nostodaths - Quphraohffh Ju-nhssus nh fj tj`fhtth 9 pjrtoh prbgbdnh nu rhpfo prbxoijf [rbnuot fj pbrtobd nbrsjfh nh fj tj`fhtth ! jsphat `roffjdt - [rbgbdnh Ju-nhssbus nh fj tj`fhtth Nbdt fj pjrtoh nost nostjf jfhh hs h st pjrgbos pjrgb os voso`fh v oso`fh pjr tr t rjdspjrhdah ju trjvhrs nh fj tj`fhtth, a‟hst fj « fudufh ³ Abdstjdth udoquhihdt ju dovhju nu pbuah.
Hffh prbnuot fj pfus erjdnh pjrtoh nh fj tj`fhtth< sbot fhs 0/1 nh sj pbrtobd prbgbdnh.
Fudufhs voso`fhs ë amjquh nboet
^j`fhtth trís phu jnmïrhdth ë fj ijtroah ! Q‟hd nïsbfonjrosh trís gjaofhihdt fbrs nh fj abdstotutobd nh abffhatobds (Mïijtbihs, pjdjros)
Fh fot nh f‟bdefh Qtr uaturh spïaoj Qtruaturh spïaojfosï fosïhh rhspb rhspbdsj`fh dsj`fh nh f‟ f‟jnmïrhdah jnmïrhdah nh fj tj`fhtth ht nh sj gbrih [rïshdth nhs arïdhfurhs fbdeotunodjfhs ajrjatïrostoquhs quo rïpbdnhdt hxjathihdt ë ahffhs quo sbdt sotuïhs ë fj gjah prbgbdnh nh fj tj`fhtth [hut, hxahptobddhffhihdt, ìtrh rhipfjaïh pjr ud jutrh tossu
F‟mypbdyamoui Qotuïh ë f‟hxtrïiotï nostjfh nh f‟jppjrhof udeuïjf fë bÿ fj tj`fhtth phrn sbd jnmïrhdah Pþfh nh `jrroírh iïajdoquh Gbdatobd oiiudbfbeoquh< oiiudbfbeoquh< roamhssh fbajfh hd [D Qtruaturh trís spïaojfosïh sur fh pfjd mostbfbeoquh ! hd ajs nh phrth bu fïsobd, rosquh n‟jnmïrhdah nbufburhush nh fj tj`fhtth
Mypbdyamoui
Jnmïrhdah nostjfh nostjfh nh fj tj`fhtth
Fh pjrbdyamoui bu rhpfos udeuïjux Fh rhpfo prbxoijf - Hdshrrh fj tj`fhtth ë sj pjrtoh prbxoijfh, pjrtoaoph ë fuo nbddhr sj gbrih - Hipìamh fj arbossjdah hd ïpjosshur nh fj tj`fhtth ht f‟b`foeh ë ioerhr hd nostjfotï. - Ghr Ghriï iï pjr fj autoaufh 9 vïrotj`fh lbodt n‟ïtjdamïotï
Fhs rhpfos fjtïrjux - Hdshrrhdt fj tj`fhtth - [jrtoaophdt ë fuo nbddhr sj gbrih gbri h ht ht sj norhatobd
Hd ijduauroh fhs rhpfos rhpfos sbdt rhpbussïs
Fïsobds nhs rhpf rhpfos os amhz ud pjtohdt pjtohdt bdyambpmjeh
Fj vjsaufjrosjtobd nh f‟jppjrhof udeuïjf Qbu s nïphdnjdah Qbus nïphdnjdah nhs `rjdamhs thriodjfhs nhs jrtírhs abffjtïrjfhs pjfijorhs Xdohs hdtrh hffhs pjr nhs jrajnhs jdjstbibtoquhs nbrsjfhs sotuïhs nbrsjfhs sotuïhs ju abdtjat nu pfjd bsshux
Gfodt < 1 jrajnhs jdjstbibtoquhs nbrsjfhs - Jr Jrajnh ajnh prb prbxoijf xoijfh< h< shrt shrtoh oh njds fh soff soffbbd prbxoijf - Jraj Jrajnh nostjf nostjfh< h< ë mju m jutthu hurr nh nh fj fuduf fudu fh Ahs 0 jrajnhs jrajnh s sbdt sb dt jfoi jfoihdt hdtïhs ïhs pjr udh u dh ud udoquh oquh `r. `r. abffjtïrjfh ossuh nh f‟jrt. abffjt. pjfijorh.
Quphraojf jrthry
- Jrajnh suphraohffh< Hd rhejrn nh fj `jsh nh [1 Nbu`fh jppbrt vjsaufjorh ossu nh fj `r. Abffjt.[jfijorh < * Pjihju ë mjuthur nh [0, arbosh nbrsjfhihdt f‟O[N * Pjihju ju dovhju nh f‟O[N Ahs rjihjux s‟jdjstbibshdt hd : jrajnh suphraohffh
Phtbur vhodhux ht oddhrvjtobd
- Phtbur vhodhux trís roamh< systíih n‟jrajnhs ë fj pjrtoh prbxoijfh nh f‟jppjrhof udeuïjf - Oddhrvjtobd ïejfhihdt trís roamh< rïshju abipfhxh nh phtots rjihjux ossus nhs dhrgs abffjtïrjux noeotjux
[mysobfbeoh udeuïjfh ^rís phu abdduh, ah quh f‟bd sjot<
- ^j` j`ffht htth th prb prbnu nuooth pjr fj fj ijtr ijtroah oah - Arbossjdah dbr db r ijf ijfh< h< hd ibyhddh ;,1 ii pjr lbur Abdsïquhdahs afodoquhs< - 0 ibos pbur quh fj tj`fhtth sbrth nu rhpfo prbxoijf - 7 ibos pbur b`thdor udh tj`fhtth abipfíth - :hr bdefh tbulburs orrïeufohr, ibods `roffjdt jd. ! Pïsuftjts ë jpprïaohr ë : jd.
Fj arbossjdah udeuïjfh
Gja jatthur hurss nh arb arbossjdah ossjdah rjponh • •
• • •
Qur fhs nboets fbdes Jprís udh jvufsobd jvu fsobd udeuïjfh Nurjdt fj erbsshssh Amhz fhs bdyambpmjehs Njds fhs pjys amjuns
Gjathurs nh arbossjdah fhdth
• Jprís 0; jds • Nurjdt fj duot Amhzz fhs pjtohdts pjtohdts • Amh •
oiib`ofosïs, nïdutros Ju nïaburs n‟udh odghatobd
Ju nïaburs n‟ud trjuijtosih Fj prbnuatobd udeuïjfh s‟jrrìth nurjdt 0: lburs " fj pjrtoh prbxoijfh nh fj tj`fhtth s‟ïpjossot [uos fj arbossjdah arbo ssjdah s‟jaaïfírh s‟jaaïfírh nurjdt nurjdt 8; lbur lb urss " fj tj`fhtth s‟jiodaot [uos fj arbossjdah rjfhdtot ë dbuvhju nurjdt 1; lburs ^rju juij ijtosi tosihh ud udeuïjf euïjf ! trbu`fhs nh arbossjdah arb ossjdah nurjdt :;; lburs, sbot hdvorbd 1 ibos.
Phpbussh nh tj`fhtth ju nïaburs n‟udh jvufsobd
Foedh nh @hju
Ioarb-trjuijtosihs otïrjtogs bu rhgbufhih rhgbufhihdt dt ijdojquh nh fj autoaufh 2
Oijehroh hd trjuijtbfbeoh udeuïjfh
Px sbuvhdt dïefoeïhs ^rjuijtosihs trbp sbuvhdt jggu`fïs nu qujfoa qujfoajjto togg «`b`bfbe «`b`bfbeoh³ oh³
Cysth ïponhribânh
Afjssoquhs grjaturhs
^uihur nhs pjrtohs ibffhs< ajfaoajtobd nhs tossus ibus njds ud abdthxth n‟myphrpjrjtmyrbânoh shabdnjorh
- Pjnoberjpmohs stjdnjrns< Gjah ht prbf Ahdtrïhs sur pmjfjdeh nostjfh/O[N +++ J fj rhamhramh n‟udh grjaturh [jrg jrgbb os nïabuvhrth nïabuvhrth gbrtuot gbrtuoth n‟ud n ‟udhh ju jutrh fïsobd - ^NI< surtbut pbur fhs fïsobds bsshushs jyjdt ud rhtthdtosshihdt sur rh su r f‟jppjrhof f‟j ppjrhof udeuïjf ud euïjf (Bs Bsttïb ïbih ih bst bstïbânh, ïbânh, jrtmrbsh O[N O [N)) - OPI< shr sh rjo jott onïjf o nïjfhh ..... `bddh `bdd h ïtunh ïtu nh nhs pjrtoh pjrtohss ibffhs, nh fj tj`fhtth ht nhs struaturhs udeuïjfhs, ijos jaaís nogaofh
Hponïiobfbeoh hd trjuijtb nh f‟bdefh
^rju juij ijtosi tosihs hs ud udeuïjux euïjux grï grïquhdts quhdts - Phprïshdthdt hdvorbd =% nhs urehdahs nh fj ijod pfus sbuvhdt `ïdoedhs `ïdoedh s - Fïsobds fh pfus - Xdh Xd h prosh hd amjreh a mjreh odo od otojf tojfhh odjnjp odj njpttïh ! sïquhffhs hstmïtoquh hstmï toquhss ht gbdatobddhff gbdatob ddhffhs hs pjrgbos trís odv odvjf jfoonjdt njdths hs [hu n‟ïtunhs ïponïiobfbeoquhs, 0 pu`foajtobds 4 :8 jds njds fh « Mjdn Afo Afodoas doas ³
N‟jprís udh ïtunh ïtunh abdahrdjdt :=5 nbssohrs, ïamhfbddïh ïamhfbddïh sur 0 jds (0;;=-0;:;)3 (0;;=-0;:;)3 Q
riís - AMX GNG
- Qhx rjtob< 1/> n‟mbiihs lhudhs (`roabfjeh, J^) - Jeh ibyhd mbiihs 9 1=,>8 jds, ghiihs 9 >7,:> jds - Fïsobd nu aþtï dbd nbiodjdt njds 78% nhs ajs - [rïnbiodjdah nh f‟jtthodth nu pbuah (1;%) - Jt Jttthodt hodthh nu n u Ijlhur njds 01% nh nhss ajs - Njds 8% nhs ajs< pfusohurs nboets jtthodts, njds ah ajs tbulburs tbulb urs fh OOO
N‟jprís udh ïtunh ïtunh abdahrdjdt :=5 nbssohrs, ïamhfbddïh ïamhfbddïh sur 0 jds (0;;=-0;:;)3 (0;;=-0;:;)3 Q. Q.Ajriís Ajriís - AMX GNG
Fïsobds jssbaoïhs
- [f [fjoh joh nh fj puf pufph< ph< 05% - Grjaturh nh mbupph< :8% - [fjoh nh fj pufph + grjaturh< 07% - Jutrh fïsobd n‟ud nboet bu nh fj ijod< :0% Ju ib ibods ods : fïsobd jssbaoïh njds 5;% nhs ajs Qur fh iìih nboet njds 5;% nhs ajs
- Iïajdosih prïnbiodjdt 9 ïarjshihdt « Nboet nh pbrth ³ bu ïquovjfhdt - J^ njds >>% nhs ajs - 8;% nhs fïsobds soíehdt njds fj ibotoï nosttjf nos jfhh nh f‟jppjrhof ud udeuïjf euïjf - Xdh rïpjrjtobd amorureoajfh ju ibods hst dïahssjorh dïahssjorh njds 78% nhs ajs
N‟jprís udh ïtunh ïtunh abdahrdjdt :=5 nbssohrs, ïamhfbddï ïamhfbddïhh sur 0 jds (0;;=-0;:;)3 (0;;=-0;:;)3 Q. Q.Ajriís Ajriís - AMX GNG
[rodaophs nh amorureoh pbur fj rïpjrjtobd nh f‟jppjrhof udeuïjf
Amorureoh ji`ufjtborh @bddh jdhstmïsoh gbdnjihdtjfh ajr amorureoh trís nbuf nbu fburhush Phabiijdnjtobds jatuhffhs pbur fj amorureoh nh f‟bdefh < `fba odtrj-tmïajf ë fj Fonbajâdh ! Hgajaotï pjrgjoth ht qujso-oiiïnojth
Ejrrbt nh nboet pjrgjothihdt suppbrtï sbus JFP Ijttïrohf rha Ij rhabi biijd ijdnï< nï< - Fbuphs< erbssosshihdt bptoquh 0,8], dïahssjorh ht sugsjdt - Gofs ds < [NQ ht Woaryf rjponh >/; ë 7/; - [htoth `bäth nh amorureoh nh fj ijod
Jdhstmïsoh fbab-rïeobdjfh pbur amorureoh amoru reoh udeuïjf udeuïjfhh > aa nh ]yfbajâdh* (jnrïdjfodïh bu dbd) dïahssjorhs ht sugsjdts amhz f‟j f‟jnuf nuftth - Odlhatobd njds fj fj ejodh nhs ffïamosshurs - Hgajaotï tbtjfh qujso-oiiïnojth - [js nh rosquh n‟osamïioh sbus prhssobd - Nu Nurï rïhh nh fj sïnjtobd vjroj`fh< hd ibyhddh ib yhddh >5 iod.
Fhs prodaophs nh ah ahtt tthh amorure amor ureoh oh rhpbshdt sur nhs abddjossjda abddjossjdahs hs jdj jdjttbi bioquhs oquhs Fj ibrpmbfbeoh nh fj ijtroah, nu fot, ht nbda nh fj tj`fhtth, rhpbsh norhathihdt sur fj ibrpmbfbeoh nh [1 ^but nïgjut nh rïnuatobd ht/bu tbut spoaufh bsshux jdbrr ijf jdb ijfhihdt hihdt sjoff sj offjdt jdt ! nïgbrijtobd nh fj ijtroah ht/ bu nu fot puos nh fj tj`fhtth.
Hxhipfh< nïgbrijtobd hd podah nhs tj`fh j`fhtt tths hs sur jrtmrbsh jrtm rbsh O[N
F‟jnmïrhdah bptoijfh nh fj tj`fhtth d‟hst pbsso`fh quh so fh fot hst odtíerh " rhabdstruorh fh fot udeuïjf nh ijdoírh jdjtbioquh amjquh gbos quh pbsso`fh +++
Xdh fïsobd bu udh aoajtroah nh fj ijtroah hst udh zbdh quo dh phut pfus prbnuorh nh tj`fhtth ! ssurh nh fj tj`fhtth, vborh sïpjrjtobd hd nhux
[tïryeobd
Fbrsquh fj aoajtroah abdahrdh jusso fh rhpfo prbxoijf, bd b`shrvh ud ptïryeobd Ju-nhfë nh 0-1 ii nh phrth nh su`stjdah nhs sïquhffhs sbdt tbulbur tbulburss b`shrvï b`shr vïhs hs
[rosh hd amjreh nhs trjuijtosihs nh f‟bdefh : - Mïijt Mïijtbi bihh sbus-udeuïjf sb us-udeuïjf ^rjnuot ud sjoedhihdt nu fot ht/bu nh fj ijtroah ! Juaudh
ïvjaujtobd spbdtjdïh ajr fhs `hrehs nh fj pfjoh rhsthdt jnmïrhdths ë fj tj`fhtth ! Nïvhfbpphihdt
nh fj abffhatobd njds fj zbdh nh ibodnrh
jnmïrhdah ! Nbufhurs
pjrgbos odthdshs, pufsjtofhs, odsbidojdths
Qo fj surgjah nh f‟mïijtbih 6 08% nh fj surgjah nh fj tj`fhtth Jttotu Jtto tunh nh afjssoquh< Dh rohd gjorh # Odabrpbrjtobd
prberhssovh nh f‟mïijtbih njds fj tj`fhtth ht ïvjaujtobd spbdtjdïh jvha fj pbussh nh f‟bdefh
Qo fj surgjah nh f‟mïijtbih 4 08% nh fj surgjah nh fj tj`fhtth [fuusohu [f sohurs rs jtto ttotu tunhs nhs sh nosau n osautthdt - [bur ahrtjods< nrjodjeh soipfh [hrahr ë f‟joeuoff [hrahr f‟joeuoffhh bu b u ë f‟jonh f‟jo nh n‟ud trbi`b trbi `bdh dh amjuggï ë `f `fjda. jda. ^bulb ulbur urss rïjfoshr 0 broahs hd rhejrn nh fj fudufh - [bur n‟jutrhs< j`fjtobd nh fj tj`fhtth ! vïrohr f‟odtïerotï nu fot ht fh rïpjrhr ïvhdtuhffhihdt.
Jprís jvbor phraï fj tj`fhtth - Hvjauhr f‟mïijtbih pjr prhssobd nbuah - Fj xhr ïvhdtuhffhihdt ë f‟jonh nh «Qtïro strops³ - [rïvhdor fh pjtohdt nh sj amuth prbamjodh (Qhfbd nh f‟oipbrtjdah nu nïabffhihdt nh fj tj`fhtth pjr f‟mïijtbih)
J`fjtobd nh fj tj`fhtth ht nïabuvhrth n‟udh pfjoh ë fj lbdatobd fot - ijtroah
Odgbrijtobds ju pjtohdt ht prhsaroptobds nh sbrtoh - Jdt Jdtjf jfeoqu eoquhs hs < tbulbur tbulb urss + surïfïv surïfïvjjtob tobdd nh fj ijod ij od - Jdto`obtoquhs Jdto`obtoquhs od oduutof tofhs hs - [jdshihdt ë ïvothr
! r rjonhu jonhurr
O[N / O[[ pjrgbos !
- [rïvhdor fh pjtohdt nhs suoths prïvoso`fhs< Qo fh nïabffhihdt hst oipbrtjdt, fj tj`fhtth d‟ïtjdt pfus sugsjiihdt jnmïrhdth dorj pjr tbi`hr - Pïsuftjts hxahffhdts - Amhz f‟hdgjdt < tj`fhtth pfus sbupfh, ajrtofjehs nh arbossjdah
! fïsobd fïsobdss
sïquhffjorhs trís grï sïquhffjorhs g rïquhdt quhdths hs
0 - Abrps ïtrjdehr sbus-udeuïjf - Fh pfus soipfh< jiodaor prberhssovhihdt fj tj`fhtth ë f‟jonh n‟udh fjih nh `ostburo lusqu‟ë sjosor fh AH, odabdvïdohdt< nïfj`rjdt ! - [jrgbos sbufhvhr/hdfhvhr fj tj`fhtth pbur sjosor fh AH. - Qh iïhr nhs ïamjrnhs nh `bos< thdnjdah ë fj putrïgjatobd ! fhs hdfhvhr j`sbfuihdt + J^@ ht abdtrþfh ë >=m
1 - Jvu Jvufso fsobbd soi soipf pfhh nh fj tj`fh tj`fhtt tthh
Fh pfus sbuvhdt jssbaoïh ë udh fïsobd nu fot Abdshrvhr fj tj`fhtth amjquh gbos quh pbsso`fh ht fj rh-pbsotobddhr jvha ud phtot ghdìtrjeh ahdtrjf Qu`stotut udeuïjf hd ajs nh phrth nh fj tj`fhtth,
tbut hd sjamjdt quh fj cïrjtodosjtobd soipfh nu fot phriht fh pfus sbuvhdt fj rhpbussh udeuïjfh
Amjquh gbos quh pbsso`fh< rhihttrh hd pfjah fj tj`fhtth jvufsïh bu fj rhipfjahr pjr ud su`stotut ! «
Ibufh ³ fj gjah nbrsjfh nu nboet ! [rbtíeh fj rïpjrjtobd ! Hipìamh fj ghrihturh nh fj autoaufh ! $ fhs nbufhurs fbrs nhs pjdshihdts ! jiï jiïffobrh fj shdso`o sh dso`offotï pufpjorh puf pjorh
Iïtmbnh< - [jrjeh so dïahssjorh puos fjvjeh nh fj tj`fhtth (sïrui pmysobfbeoquh) - Pïpjrjtobd nu fot - [uos fj efosshr sbus fhs rhpfos - Fj xhr hdsuoth pjr ud pbodt hd «]³ bu ud pbodt hd ajnrh (fhs strops sh nïabffhdt jvha fj sunjtobd !
Zuhf su`stotut udeuïjf hd ajs nh phrth nh fj tj`fhtth 2 Queehstobds< - [oíeh ë `uffhs n‟udh tu`ufurh nh phrgusobd - Ghuoffh nh sofoabdh - Bdefh jrtoaohf …
Hvotthr fh Hvo fh gr grjei jeihdt hdt nh Px !
Abur`u rh onïjf Abur`urh o nïjfh, h, prbamh nh ahffh nh fj ⤆ tj`fhtth
>-: Fh «nboet nh pbrth³ bu ïquovjfhdt Hxtrìih grïquhdah [fusohurs stjnhs nh erjvotï
Píefhs Píef hs nh prosh hd amjreh -
Jdhstmïsoh pjrgjoth rhquosh Nïpbshr hdtoírhihdt fj tj`fhtth Fj fjvhr fjvhr sboedhu sb oedhushihdt shihdt [jrhr ^BX^ ah quo nbot f‟ìtrh + fjvjeh +/- Pïnuorh ht xhr udh grjaturh nh [1 +/- Quturhr fj ijtroah ht/bu fh fot Phpbshr fj tj`fhtth bu sbd su`stotut
Píefhs Píef hs nh prosh hd amjreh ^rjvjof sbus ejrrbt Erbssosshihdt bptoquh (0,8]), dïahssjorh ht sugsjdt Nïabffhr fj tj`fhtth rhstjdth jvha prïajutobd ht fj dhttbyhr ju sïrui pmysobfbeoquh, so grjeihdtïh< hdfhvhr ^BXQ fhs grjeihdts Qo pjrjeh nhs `hrehs dïahssjorh< nbot fh pfus ïabdbih pbsso`fh Quturh nh fj ijtroah ht nu fot ju [NQ 7/; odabfbrh [bodts sïpjrïs bu surlht phu shrrï sugsjdts ^j`fhtth bu su`stotut rh-pbsotobddïh jprís ghdìtrjeh
Píefhs Píef hs nh prosh hd amjreh ^j`fhtth goxïh jvha nh f‟Htmofbd 1/; bu ud Woaryf rjponh >/; pjr ud pb pbod odtt hd « ] ³ bu uudd pbod pb odtt hd ajnrh ajnrh [jdsh jdshih ihdt dt tuff tu ffhh er e rjs, Ihp I hpoothf* hf*,, db d b d jnmï j nmïrhdt rhdt,, fjossjdt fjossj dt fo`rh f‟O[[ +++
Ju `h `hsb sbod od phto phtotth jtt jtthffh prbvosb pr bvosborh orh oiib`ofosjdt oiib`ofosjdt f‟O[N (ë totrh to trh jdt j dtjfeoq jfeoquh) uh) nur nu rjdt >=m;; >=m ;;
Píefhs Píef hs nh prosh hd amjreh - Pïghatobd Pïghatobd nu pjdshihdt ë L0 bu L1 vïroogoh ! vïr
f‟j`shdah n‟mïij n‟mïijttbi bihh sbus-udeu sb us-udeuïjf ïjf ht/ ht/bu n‟odghatobdd prïabah n‟odghatob prïabah ! Abdtrþfh
nbufhur
- J`f J`fjjtob tobdd nu pb pbodt odt nh pf pfja jaje jehh nh n h fj tj`fh tj`fhtt tthh ë L0: tj`fh j`fhtt tthh ! t
prbee rhss prb rhssovhi ovhihdt hdt rhipfjaïh rhipfjaïh pjr fj rhpbussh nh fj dbuvhffh tj`fhtth
- Pïsuftjts < bdefhs dbrijux 4 ?;% nhs ajs fbrsqu‟of s‟jeoot nh fïsobds s‟je fïsob ds soipf soip fhs nh fj fj ijtr ijtroah oah bu nu n u fot fot udeuïjf ud euïjf
>-0 Fhs fïsobds abdtushs nu fot udeuïjf Pïsuftjts pfus jfïjtborhs [rodaophs nh rïpjrj rïpjrjtobd< onhdtoquhs -
[jrjeh nhs tossus (fh pfus ïabdbih pbsso`fh)
- Fjvjeh j`bdnjdt ju sïrui pmysobfbeoquh - Quturhs n‟jpprbxoijtobd ju [NQ 7/;
Wjsau jsauffjrosjtobd nh qujfo qujfotï tï ! pjs n‟osamïioh
Fïsobd odotojfh
Jprís j`fjtobd nh fj tj`fhtth ht fjvjeh
Jprís suturh pufph ht fot
Jprís iosh hd pfjah n‟udh prbtmísh nh tj`fhtth
Pïsuftjt ë 1 shijodhs
Jprís amuth nh fj prbtmísh nh tj`fhtth
>-1 Fhs fïsobds jssbaoïhs ë udh grjaturh nh [1 Hdvorbd :8% nhs fïsobds nu fot jssbaoïhs ë udh grjaturh nh fj pmjfjdeh nostjfh, fh pfus sbuvhdt dbd nïpfjaïh (Njds ahrtjodhs sïrohs< lusqu‟ë 8;% nh grjaturh jssbaoïh ë udh fïsobd nu fot)
Fj rhpbsh nh fj tj`fhtth sugt fh pfus sbuvhdt ë stj`ofoshr f‟hdshi`fh, ijos pjs tbulburs !
Bd phut ambosor rïnuorh ht xhr udh grja gr jaturh turh nost no stjf jfh, h, mbupp mb upphh bu b u nojpmysh nojpmy sh nh [1 so ahfj pjrjot dïahssjorh
[futþt 0 `rbamhs ! Hvoth fhs trbu`fhs rbtjtborhs ! Ijodtohd n‟ud sbafh sbfonh ht stj`fh ^rua pbur gjorh pïdïtrhr fj `rbamh njds fh `bd jxh< pbodt n‟hdtrïh lusth sbus fj tj`fhtth, jtthdtobd ë f‟b`foquotï nh fj pmjfjde pmjfjdehh !
Jtthdtobd ! Jrtmrbnísh ! rjonhur Posquh pbur pb ur fh GN[ Posquh odghatohux
Zuon nu rosquh odghatohux hd ajs nh xjtobd ë f‟jonh n‟udh joeuoffh 2
Ajs pjrtoaufohr< Grjaturh trjdsvhrsjfh nh [1 ht nh fj tj`fhtth Jrtoah nh Gbuamhr< Quturh jppuyïh nh fj tj`fhtth ë f‟jonh n‟udh joeuoffh nhio abur`h nh 0; ii (0/;), hd poqujdt vhrtoajfhihdt, ht hd prhdjdt f‟hdshi`fh tj`fhtth + fot hd `fba
Ajs pjrtoaufohr< Grjaturh trjdsvhrsjfh [1 + tj`fhtth Jutrhh iïtmbnh Jutr iïtmb nh nh xj xjtob tobdd nh fj grjaturh grjaturh
Bd phut jusso xhr fj grjaturh pjr bstïbsydtmísh ë f‟jonh n‟udh joeuoffh vhrth (OI) bu n‟udh phtoth `rbamh.
Qo udh joeuoffh hst utofosïh< abuphr fh ijdambdd ht rhabur`hr ijdamb rhabu r`hr fj pjrtoh pjrt oh nostjf nostjfhh jd nh gjaofothr fhs pjdshihdts ht n‟jiïfobrhr fh abdgbrt.
Jutrh ajs pjrtoaufohr< Jutrh [fjoh fbdeotunodjfh nh fj tj`fhtth ht ë gbrtobro nu fot udeuïjf
Jrtoah nh Gbuamh Gbuamhrr «ibnoï³ «ib noï³ bu b u jnjp j njpttï< iìih prodaoph< prhd pr hdnrh nrh f‟hdshi`fh f‟hd shi`fh tj`fh tj`fhtt tthh + fot hd `fba ë f‟jo f‟jonh nh n‟ud n‟udhh joeuoffh nhio-abur`h 0/; njds fh shds trjdsvhrsjf
>-> [hrth nh su`stjdah osbfïh nu fot Ajs bÿ fh fot rhsth sbfonjorh nh fj tj`fhtth Fh nïtjamhr nh gjåbd sboedhush ht fh suturhr sur fh pïrobsth nh [1 Q‟of hst hdtoírhihdt sur fj tj`fhtth rhpfjahr f‟hdshi`fh jprís pjrjeh ïabdbih -
Fjvjeh Fjv jeh ht nï`ronhihdt nï`ro nhihdt nu fot fot 6 : ii puos rh-pbsotobd nh f‟hdshi`fh ht xjtobd sbfonh Fïsobd rjrhihdt osbfïh +++ Q‟jssbaoh vbfbdtohrs ë nhs fïsobds pufpjorhs / udeuïjfhs udeuïjf hs / bsshushs
^buths fhs fïsobds nbovhdt ìtrh trjotïhs hd : thips
Ajs bÿ fh fot rhsth sbfonjorh nh fj tj`fhtth
Qo fh grjeihdt hst j`shdt ! Erhggh dh nh fot udeuïjf Iìih nboet Erbs brthof brthof nbddhur nbdd hur %
%
Njds tbus fhs ajs< rhpbshr rhpb shr fj tj`fht tj`fhtth th (bu ud u d su`sto su `stotut tut)) pbur ibufhr fj erhggh ht fj prbtïehr fbrs nhs pjdshihdts
Fo t t 9 ? ; ; ; ; i o oa a r r b b d ds s E r rh h g g g g h h 6 1; ; ; i o oa a r r b b d ds A b s b d dv vh h x xo o t t ï ï n u u fo t t +++
Erhggh dh nh fot udeuïjf Erbs brthof brthof nbddhur nbdd hur %
Abdtrþfhh ë 1 ibos Abdtrþf ib os
>-8 [hrths nh su`stjdah nostjfhs
Fj pfupjrt nhs jiputjtobds pjsshdt pjr fh fot hd prïshrvjdt fj ijtroah 8;% nhs fïsobds soíehdt njds fj ibootoï nos ib nosttjfh jfh nh nh f‟jppjrhof f‟ jppjrhof udeuï u deuïjf jf Pïoipfjdtjtobds pjrgbos pbsso`fhs ht a‟hst fh ihoffhur trjothihdt !
0 pbsso`ofotïs< - Pïpjrjtobd nh f‟jrtírh ahdtrjfh nh fj pufph - Ajp thamdoquh< ïquovjfhdt n‟udh erhggh nh phju abipbsoth
@ohd pjrhr fhs `hrehs so bd vhutt jvbor vhu jvb or udh amjdah !
Ajp thamdoquh
Pïsuftjt ë 7 ibos
Grjei Gr jeihdt hdt nost nostjf jf db dbdd rhpfjd rh pfjdttj`fh Amjquh gbos quh pbsso`fh< prïfhvhr fh fot rhstjdt sur fh sheihdt jiputïï ht fh jiput fh rh-pbso rh-p bsotob tobddh ddhrr sur su r fj pjrtoh prbx prbxoijfh oijfh nu nboet nb oet,, Qodbd rhabdstruorh fh fot ë f‟jonh n‟udh erhggh
Jiputjtobd ë fj lbdatobd fot-ijtroah jvha ijtroah odtjath - Pïoipfjdtjtobd< nogaofh ijos a‟hst fh trjothihdt bptoijf - Qo dbd rïjfosj`fh< rhabdstruatobd dbd vjsaufjrosïh hd utofosjdt f‟bs ht fh fot + ud fji`hju pufpjorh.
Ajs n‟Jiputjtobd njds fj ibotoï nostjfh nu fot jvha jiputjtobd pufpjorh hd `oshju nbrsjf 9 Odnoajtobd ïfhatovh nu Fji`hju n‟Jtjsby
oss pjr oíírh gb o i o h r p j f r u b p t ot o Nïar 8 of -Fjh of hd :?1 off o ^rjdqu o y ht ï pjr Jtjsb y s os o f j ï r t h t r h v vh Ph-nïabu oss hd :? 5; d o jf. jux Htjts u 0J
bu fji`hju n‟jvjdahihdt pufpjorh Fji`hju ë pïnoaufh sbus-au sb us-auttjdï vjsaufjrosï pjr fhs `r ` r. jsahdnjdths nh f‟jrajnh jdjstbibtoquh pufpjorh.
Fh fji`hju n‟Jtjsby bu nh ^rjd jdquo quoff ffoo-Jt Jtjs jsbby
Jvjdahihdt nu fji`hju foiotï ë 7-5 ii Onïjfhihdt< pbodth nu fji`hju njds fh pfo nh ffhxobd nh f‟O[N Nïabff Nïab ffhihdt hihdt njds fh fh pfjd pfjd nu pïrobsth pïrobsth puos nu pïro-thdnbd pïro-thdnb d ffïamosshur @ut< fo`ïrhr fj gjah prbgbdnh nu fji`hju pbur fh gjorh jvjdahr
Wjrojdth nu fji`hju n‟Jtjsby Nïaroth Nïaro th pjr pjr E.G E.Gbuamhr buamhr,, pu`foïh pu`foïh pjr fh fh [r A.Nuibdtohr A.Nuibdtohr
Odnoajtobd< Jiputjtobd nostjfh nu fot fbrs n‟udh fïsobd pufpjorh hd `oshju nbrsjf, phut ìtrh utofosïh lusqu‟ë udh jiputjtobd nh 8;% nu fot (zbdh OO)
Quturh nh fj pjrtoh nïsïponhriosïh ju fot rhstjdt sur fh grjeihdt prbxoijf
Fji`hju n‟Jtjsby « ibnoï ibnoï ³ ³ [rodaoph< nïsïponhrioshr fj pjrtoh nostjfh nu fji`hju jd nh abi`fhr fj phrth nh su`stjdah su`st jdah nu n u fot fot udeuïjf u deuïjf
Fji`hju xï pjr udh joeuoffh nostjfh +/- 0 pbodts pufpjorhs fjtïrjux ju Woaryf rjpo jponh nh >/;
Wjrojdth nu fji`hju n‟Jtjsby Nïaroth Nïaro th pjr pjr E.G E.Gbuamhr buamhr,, pu`foïh pu`foïh pjr fh fh [r A.Nuibdtohr A.Nuibdtohr
J u phtoth d jhf, fjdeuhtth Hxaosobd trjdsvhrsh n‟ud n‟udh hu phtot fjdeuhtt h a h ht t t t h z b h b d d h h n h p jr t h t o t o n‟ïponhrih oh h f fh i os s s su u « i i h hd d t i o t « a o x xt Quturh fot-tossu nhrioquh t h a h ³ s b b ³ f b d d u h h o o d d s s r r h j(joeuoffh) h ï ï j h h Goxjtobd nostjfh nu fji`hju j ³ ³ n mï r u i b p jr fh f rh b o h d od d s d a s ah h p fu s o t t ht mypbnhrioquh , a h h s q e u u r r j o o Quturh nu tossu nhrioquh! jvha fh fot ([NQ 8/; d n p h n h h r h n h r i i h ht h t t t r f j r j t E j ` j f h o t t d d t t h h h s bu 7/;) st t m ï t t o o qu q u h h h t t g b Phiosh hd pfjah tj`fhtth bu su`stotut jd nh b d da a t t o o b b d d d d h h f prbtïehr fj suturh.
[hrths nh su`stjdah nostjfhs iuftopfhs @rbohi @rb ohihdt hdt nostjf nostjf nhs nh s OW ht W
Jaaonhdt jeroabfh @rbyhush @rby hush ë ajddh
Gjah nbrsjfh Gjah pjfijorh Pïsufftjts ë : ibos Pïsu ib os
[jrjeh ht rïpjrjtobds n‟jpprbxoijtobd
Ajs pjrtoaufohr< phrth nh su`stjdah nostjfh hd `oshju fjtïrjf pjr fjih nh autthr - [buah ijod nrboth amhz pjtohdth nrbotoírh
[js n‟hxpbsotobd bsshush
Ajs pjrtoaufohr< phrth nh su`stjdah nostjfh hd `oshju fjtïrjf pjr fjih nh autthr - [buah ijod nrboth amhz pjtohdth nrbotoírh
Ambox< rhpbsotobd-erhggh
Pïsuftjt ë L=
Jiputjtobd nostjfh nu pbuah ijod nrboth amhz ud ejråbd nh :0 jds, nrbotohr Jiputjtobd hd `oshju pufpjorh ë fj `jsh nh f‟bdefh rhsphatjdt fj ijtroah
Pïoipfjdtjtobd nh f‟jppjrhof udeuïjf + nu grjeihdt bsshux jiputï sur fh pïrobsth nh [1 rhstjdt + fji`hju nh B‟`rohd
Pïsuftjt ë 1 shijodhs
>-7 Fhs fïsobds nh fj ijtroah Qïquhffhs tbulb Qïquhffhs ulbur urss pfus oipbr oi pbrttjdt jdths< hs< ssurhs, soffbds, vborh j`shdah n‟bdefh
Nïamjusshihdt nh fj fj pjrtoh prbx prbxoijf oijfhh nh fj fj ijtroah ijtroah - @bd prbdbstoa - Phpfjahr fj ijtroah sbus fh rhpfo prbxoijf - Qo pjrtoh prbxoijfh `jsaufïh ju-nhssus nu rhpfo< pbodts hd « X ³ prhdjdt prhdjdt jppuo jppu o sur su r fh `bur `b urrhf rhfhht prbxoijf sugsjdts sugsjdts pbur rhpbsotobddhr fj ijtroah sur fh pïrobsth. - Phpbsh tj`fhtth bu su`stotut odnosphdsj`fh.
Njds fhs suoths nh pfjohs ijtroaohffhs, of phrsosth sbuvhdt udh rjodurh sïquhffjorh nh fj tj`fhtth
[fjohs soipfhs nh fj ijtroah
[bur Q‟jerjdnor< odaosobds nh Cjdjvhf 9 0 odaosobds ë fj lbdatobd rhpfo prbxoijf / rhpfos fjtïrjux • • •
[bur suovrh lusqu‟ë f‟O[N so dïa [bursuovrh dïahssjorh hssjorh Hxpbsotobd nh fj ijtroah Qoipfh suturh ijtroaohffh ju [NQ 7/;
Qh iïhr nhs pf pfjohs johs quo bdt f‟jor suphraohffhs suphraohffhs !
[hrths nh su`stjdah ijtroaohffhs Erhgghs nh ijtroah < ijuvjos rïsuftjts Erhgg Erh gghh hd `fba ijtroah ijtroah + rhpf rhpfoo udeuïjf udeuïjf 2 [jrgbos trjdsfjtobd nh ijtroah trjdsfbaj jdsfbajtob tobdd nh Lbmdsbd 9 Fji`hju nh tr . Nïabffhr Nïabffhr fhs `hreh `h rehss nh fj pfjoh ijtroaohffh ijtroaohffh . Odaoshr ë fj lbdatobd ijtroah - rhpfos fjtïrjux . Quturhr sjds thdsobd ju [NQ 7/; odabfbrh . Quturhr sboedhushihdt fh rhpfo prbxoijf +++ . Odthrpbshr fj tj`fhtth hdtrh fhs rhpfos
Qo fj phrth nh su`stjdah dh phut ìtrh abi`fïh pjr ud fji`hju fbajf of gjut pjrgbos prbpbshr nhs erhgghs vjsaufjrosïhs n‟jppjrhof udeuïjf Hd `rjdamjdt ud pïnoaufh aburt ju dovhju nh f‟O[[ Pïsuftjts gbdatobddhfs sjtosgjosjdts ijos dbd pjrgjots sur ud pfjd hstmïtoquh. [bu r fhs phrt [bur ph rths hs nh su`s su` stjdah abipf abi pfhx hxhs hs nh fj fj pjrtoh nbrsjfh nu pbuah jvha pufph odtjath< trjdsghrt pjrtohf nu erbs brthof
>-7 Fhs fïsobds nu rhpfo prbxoijf [hrth nh su`stjdah nu rhpfo udeuïjf [hut ìtrh rhabuvhrth pjr ud fji`hju nh rbtjtobd y jssbaohr udh rhabdstruatobd nh fj ijtroah so dïahssjorh @ohd jpprbxoihr jpprbxoihr fhs `brns `b rns Pïsuftjts hxahffhdts
8 - Pïsu Pïsufftjts nh nh prosh proshss hd amjreh odj odjnjp njpttïhs
Pïpjrjtobd odotojfh
Pïsuftjt ë : ibos
Nystrbpmoh Nystrbpmoh udeuïjfh sïvírh
[fjoh [f joh trjdsvhrsh pufpb-u pu fpb-udeuïjfh deuïjfh ! pjs
n‟j`fjtobd odotojfh nh fj tj`fhtth ht nbda pjs nh rïpjrjtobd nu fot sbus-ljahdt< tj`fhtth dbd jnmïrhdth hd nostjfotï
Fj pfjoh hst jssbaoïh ë udh grjaturh nh mbupph dbd rïnuoth ht dbd xïh + pfjoh pufpjorh ! juaud ijodtohd nh f‟hdshi`fh
Aoajtroah nysmjribdohush nu rhpfo prbxoijf 9
[tïryeobd
J`shdah nh rïpjr rïpjrjjtobd nu fot fot udeuïjf ud euïjf ! phrth nh f‟jnmïrhdah nh fj tj`fhtth< Bdyambfysh, ssurh, rjodu jodurhs, rhs, grjeofotï grjeofotï udeuïjfh, nystrbpmoh nyshstmïtoquh (Bdyambsamyzoh)
[bur Abdaf Abdafurh urh [jrio f‟hdshi`fh nhs urehdahs, ud trjuijtosih nh f‟bdefh, quhf qu‟of sbot, hst tbulburs udh fïsobd iodhurh i odhurh - Abdsbiijthur nh thips +++ - Of gjut hd iby >8 iod pbur prhdnrh hd amjreh abrrhathihdt udh pfjoh pufpb-udeuïjfh tbut abipros< Odgbs jux pjtohdts, thips amorureoajf ht pjpohr pjp ohrss nh sbrt sbrtoh oh gjots gjots..
Fj amorureoh nh f‟bdefh dh prïshdth pjs nh ajrjatïrostoquhs thamdoquhs pjrtoaufoírhs ijos of gjut < Abddjätrh f‟jdjtbioh ht fj pmysobfbeoh nh f‟jppjrhof udeuïjf [rhdnrh fh thips dïahssjorh pbur rïpjrhr ahs phtoths struaturhs Qurtbut< s‟odtïrhsshr ë ah phtot brejdh +++
Ihrao nh vbtrh jtthdtobd
