Transport Terminal

ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

Architectural Design Project Proposed Plans and Design of

LAND TRANSPORT TERMINAL AND URBAN ENTERTAINMENT HUB Dasmariñas, Cavite

A Research Project Presented to the Faculty of Architecture Adamson University

______________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture _____________________________________

CUARESMA, CARLO PAULO L. B.S. Architecture March 2015

ACCEPTANCE AND APPROVAL SHEET

This Terminal Architecture Research Project entitled “Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub” located at Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, designed and submitted by Carlo Paulo L. Cuaresma, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree, Bachelor of Science in Architecture, examined and recommended for acceptance with a grade of _______.

PANEL OF EVALUATORS

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Arch. Roberto Duran

Arch. Jasmin Lee

Arch. Leonard Briones

ACCEPTED AND APPROVED

______________________________ Arch. Peter A. Villanueva , uap Dean, College of Architecture


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I am grateful to the Almighty God for establishing me to complete this thesis. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my professors and advisers for giving me the opportunity to have this project. Without their guidance and persistent help this dissertation would not have been possible. I take this opportunity to record my sincere thanks to all my friends for their never ending help and encouragement. I also thank my parents for their unceasing motivation and financial support to be able to submit all the needed requirement. I also place a record, my sense of gratitude to one and all who, directly or indirectly, have lent their helping hand in this venture.

And lastly, to the City of Dasmariñas, Cavite who helped me gather all the relevant informations needed for this project.

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ABSTRACT

Transportation is a non-separable part of any society. It is an important component of the economy and a common tool used for development. Dasmariñas City in Cavite is an example of a developing city. With the growing number of people residing the place, development of a Transport system is vital to provide easy and comfortable interchange of different modes of transport. Most cities in Cavite have reasonable shopping and entertainment facilities like amusement parks etc. However, there is no integrated centre where the visitors can take the advantage of entertainment. Development of a Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertaiment Hub in Dasmariñas City, Cavite can improve the social, economic, industrial and commercial aspect of the city. It could result to better accessibility, employment and additional investments. It also aim to improve the quality of life that will lead to extensive and brilliant future ahead.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE

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APPROVAL SHEET

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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ABSTRACT

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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LIST OF TABLES

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LIST OF FIGURES

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CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1.1.INTRODUCTION 1.2.BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1.3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 1.4. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 1.6. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION 1.7. DEFINITION OF TERMS CHAPTER 2: THE LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 2.2. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY (LOCAL) 2.3. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY (FOREIGN) 2.4. RELEVANCE TO THE STUDY 2.5. RESEARCH PARADIGM THE RESEARCH METHOD 3.1. RESEARCH METHOD/USED METHODOLOGY 3.2. TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS OF RESEARCH USED 3.3. DATA PROCESSING 3.4. STATISTICAL TREATMENT 3.5. RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONS 3.6. MARKET RADIUS ANALYSIS

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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1. PROJECT PROFILE AND ANALYSIS 4.1.1. Overview 4.1.2. Statement of Use 4.2. SITE ANALYSIS 4.2.1. Site Selection and Justification 4.2.2. Regional Profile 4.2.3. Site Profile 4.3. SPATIAL ANALYSIS 4.3.1. User Analysis 4.3.2. Definition of Space 4.3.3. Building Technology and Utilities 4.3.4. Legal Considerations 4.3.5. Economics of Construction 4.3.6. Environmental Condition and Environmental Impact 4.4. CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS 4.4.1. Architectural Theories and Principles Applied in the Design 4.4.2. Design Philosophy 4.4.3. Design Concept

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CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

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5.1. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 5.2. CONCLUSION 5.3. RECOMMENDATION

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REFERENCES

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APPENDICES

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

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LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: DASMARIÑAS WATER DISTRICT SERVICE CONNECTION

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TABLE 2: POWER REQUIREMENTS (MWH) BY TYPE OF CONNECTION

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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

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FIGURE 2: PERSPECTIVE OF SORSOGON GRAND TERMINAL

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FIGURE 3: AERIAL PERSPECTIVE OF LEGAZPI GRAND TERMINAL COMMERCIAL CENTER

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FIGURE 4: AERIAL PERSPECTIVE OF BALANGA BATAAN GRAND TERMINAL

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FIGURE 5:PERSPECTIVE OF LUCENA GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL

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FIGURE 6: FAÇADE OF THE SOUTH-WEST INTEGRATED PROVINCIAL TRANSPORT TERMINAL

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FIGURE 7: AERIAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE LIA PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDING

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FIGURE 8: NIGHT PERSPECTIVE OF THE LIA PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDING

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FIGURE 9: PERSPECTIVE OF LIANTANG/HEUNG YUEN WAI PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDING PROPOSAL BY ALAN CHEUNG KWOK-LUN AND SAM HAU SUM-MING

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FIGURE 10: INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE OF LIANTANG/HEUNG YUEN WAI PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDING PROPOSAL BY ALAN CHEUNG KWOK-LUN AND SAM HAU SUM-MING

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FIGURE 11: SECTION OF LIANTANG/HEUNG YUEN WAI PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDING PROPOSAL BY ALAN CHEUNG KWOK-LUN AND SAM HAU SUM-MING

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FIGURE 12: RESEARCH PARADIGM

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FIGURE 13: RESEARCH DESIGN (FLOW CHART)

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FIGURE 14: MARKET RADIUS ANALYSIS

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FIGURE 15: CITY OF DASMARIÑAS CONTOUR MAP

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FIGURE 16: CITY OF DASMARIÑAS EROSION MAP

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FIGURE 17: CITY OF DASMARIÑAS EXISTING LAND USE MAP

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FIGURE 18: VICINITY MAP

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FIGURE 19: LOCATION MAP

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FIGURE 20: NORTH VIEW OF THE SITE

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FIGURE 21: SOUTH VIEW OF THE SITE

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FIGURE 22: EAST VIEW OF THE SITE

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FIGURE 23: WEST VIEW OF THE SITE

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FIGURE 24: VISTA FROM NORTH OF THE SITE

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FIGURE 25: UMC TO SITE

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FIGURE 26: DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY TO SITE

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FIGURE 27: EAC MED TO SITE

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FIGURE 28: CITY HALL TO SITE

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FIGURE 29: ST. PAUL MEDICAL CENTER TO SITE

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FIGURE 30: WALTER MART TO SITE

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FIGURE 31: KADIWA PUBLIC MARKET TO SITE

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FIGURE 32. CITY OF DASMARIÑAS ROAD NETWORK MAP

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FIGURE 33. CITY OF DASMARIÑAS EARTHQUAKE INDUCED LANDSLIDE HAZARD MAP

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FIGURE 34: CITY OF DASMARIÑAS GROUND SHAKING HAZARD MAP

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FIGURE 35. CITY OF DASMARIÑAS HYDROGEOLOGIC MAP

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CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1.1.

INTRODUCTION

Transportation is a non-separable part of any society. It is an important component of the economy and a common tool used for development. It exhibits a very close relation to the style of life, the range and location of activities and the goods and services which will be available for consumption. Today, transportation in the Philippines is relatively underdeveloped, partly due to the country's mountainous areas and scattered islands, and partly as a result of the government's persistent underinvestment in the nation's infrastructure. Transport has become the backbone of transportation system of metropolis. It is vital for congested area of a high density city to provide easy and comfortable interchange of different modes of transport. It has been incorporating for the commuters in an overcrowded city. And since all trade of wealth and productive labor involves transportation, whether it is the movement of goods or the movement of people from their homes to their jobs or their homes to the places where they shop, trade is impossible without transportation, and complex trade is impossible without modern, mechanized transportation.

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Trade is the action of buying and selling goods and services. The need to satisfy the needs of the consumers involves shopping with ease. Since they depend on outside to buy their goods for their daily living, utilization and development of a one-stop facility would be a decent idea in making the consumers extend the whole comfort and safety for both public and private use. 1.2.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

A Transport terminal can be defined as a place where interface occurs between transportation systems. Terminals generally serve multiple transit operators and/or modes. There are many benefits to transport terminals, including; supporting and enhancing transit usage, facilitating transfer between modes, clarifying the regional transit network, increasing transportation options, taking advantage of efficiencies, creating a destination and gateway, and supporting economic and urban development (TranSystems Corporation 2013). As transportation is concerned to physically move supplies in a reliable and safe manner, on time, cost effectively and efficiently to its destination, there is really a need for an access point in the system for use. Dasmariñas as the "Melting Pot" of Cavite has the largest population in the entire province with over 575,000 people living within its borders (2010 Census of Population and Housing).

Being the 12th largest city in the country,

Dasmariñas is now classified as a "first-class" city in terms of income classification (National Statistical Coordination Board). Manifested by the influx

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of industries, presence of large educational and health institutions, and the growing number of subdivisions, development of a land transport terminal and Urban entertainment hub could be a good investment. The Land Transport terminal and Urban entertainment hub aim to provide economic and social opportunities and benefits to the city of Dasmariñas that could result to better accessibility, employment and additional investments. It also aim to improve the quality of life that will lead to extensive and brilliant future ahead. 1.3.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Major problem: What is the design of the proposed terminal that would address the development of transportation system and tourism of Dasmariñas City? Minor problems: 1.

What architectural features are needed to make a high quality and one-

stop transport and entertainment facility? 2.

What are the needed highlights of an Urban Entertainment hub to make

it an icon and a landmark of Dasmariñas City? 3.

What are the different theories and principles that are applicable to the

project? 4.

What are the legal standards, codes, ordinances, and environmental

policies that are considered in designing the project?

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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 1.4.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework 1.5.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will be significant primarily to Dasmariñas City’s development in terms of its transportation system. With this, the development will open more opportunities that will help the city to revitalize its identity. Although beneficial to a lot of people, the researcher generalized the importance of this study to: •

Local Government The operation of the project will enhance the economic and fiscal status

of the local government resulting from the following, Increase in Real Property

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Taxes as a Direct Result of Improvement in Property Values in areas adjacent to the property. Increase in Business Taxes, new establishments are expected to open from business. As a requirement for new business, this establishment will pay to the local government business taxes, garbage fees and occupancy permit. Other benefits directly accruing to the government. Government will be able to optimize its income from the property that has been poorly revenue generating in the past. •

Local Community Benefits of employment, there will be employment opportunities

generated during project construction. Terms and Transport Cost Savings, local residents and adjoining municipality will have a facility that will cater their rising number of passengerss •

Future researcher Future researchers can benefit this study in order to provide them a broad

ideas and knowledge to gather information about the Land Transport terminal and Entertainment hub and provide of source of information. Enhance the knowledge about the considerations needed for the proposal. 1.6.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

If the zoning of the site and the present condition of Dasmariñas City is analyzed, then having a Land Transport terminal is suitable to provide all the facilities needed by the rising number of commuters to have a smooth and

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hassle-free travel. Since Dasmariñas City is also struggling to reestablish its identity by revitalizing inner city neighborhoods and central business district, then putting up an Urban entertainment hub is one of the best solution to let the people experience a combination of relaxation, recreation as well as entertainment. The proposed Land Transport terminal and Urban entertainment hub will also be an iconic one-stop facility to help Dasmariñas gain its popularity and to help promote the tourism of Cavite that will also enhance the Philippine tourism. The proposal is to come up with a Land Transport terminal and Urban entertainment hub in Dasmariñas City, and as a built form proposal, researches and studies are limited. The study will not focus on the structural component of built structures; structural consultation will be made but will not be sufficient. Comprehensive site analysis is considered but not given much attention, however, impacts on the building itself will be analyzed. 1.7.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Concourse – A place where pathways and roads meets, such as in a hotel, a convention center, a railway station, a passenger terminal, or other spaces. Commuter - A person who travels some distance to work on a regular basis. Consumer – A person or group of people, such as a household, who are the final users of products and services.

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Dwell Time - The time a vehicle (bus, truck, train, or ship) is allowed to load or unload passengers at a terminal. Egress – The action of going out or leaving a place. Entertainment - is a form of activity that holds the attention and iinterest of an audience, or gives pleasure and delight. Ingress- The act of going or coming in. Leisure – defined as the time spent away from business, work, domestic chores, and education. Transport Terminal - Terminals are central and intermediate locations in the movements of passengers and freight. Urban Entertainment hub – Is a family-oriented entertainment destination. These centers combine relaxation and recreation with entertainment to form an overall experience.

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CHAPTER 2 THE LITERATURE REVIEW Presented in chapter 2 are various information about constructing a Land Transport terminal and an Urban entertainment hub. Moreover, this chapter focuses on the importance of a Transport terminal, its elements and its function and the amenities of an Urban entertainment hub. 2.1.

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

2.1.1. Transportation Modes Transportation modes are an essential component of transport systems since they are the means by which mobility is supported. Geographers consider a wide range of modes that may be grouped into three broad categories based on the medium they exploit: land, water and air (Rodrigue 2013). Each mode has its own requirements and features, and is adapted to serve the specific demands of freight and passenger traffic. This gives rise to marked differences in the ways the modes are deployed and utilized in different parts of the world. 2.1.1.1. Road Transportation Road transportation as one of the modes of transportation is referred to as a means by which goods, people and services are moved from one place to another through a prepared surface usually plied by cars, trucks, buses,

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motorbikes and humans. In addition, road transportation is a means of overcoming economic disadvantages that an area might have; it is a means of improving productivity and economy of a particular area. Thus, road transportation provides a means of easy accessibility to remote area so as to boast the economy of the area (Hurst 1976). The most common road vehicle is the automobile, a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own motor. As of 2002, there were 590 million automobiles worldwide. Other users of roads include buses, trucks, motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians. Since one of the major problems of Dasmariñas is the traffic demand of the commuters, then putting up a Land Transport terminal along the remote area will be helpful to ensure fast and efficient operations, thus, making the travel experience a whole lot easier for commuters. 2.1.2. Transport Terminal defined Terminals are central and intermediate locations in the movements of passengers and freight. They often require specific facilities and equipment to accommodate the traffic they handle (Rodrigue, 2013).

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2.1.3. Importance of Transport Terminals 2.1.3.1. Location The major locational factor of a transport terminal is obviously to serve a large concentration of population and/or industrial activities, representing a terminal's market area. 2.1.3.2.Accessibility Accessibility to other terminals (at the local, regional and global scale) as well as how well the terminal is linked to the regional transport system is of importance. 2.1.3.3. Infrastructure Infrastructure considerations are consequently important as they must accommodate current traffic and anticipate future trends and also technological and logistical changes. Modern terminal infrastructures consequently require massive investments and are among the largest structures ever built. A utilization rate of 75 to 80% is considered to be the optimal since above this level, congestion starts to arise, undermining the reliability of the terminal facility. 2.1.4. Elements of a Transport Terminal 2.1.4.1. Infrastructure Infrastructure is the fixed installations that allow a vehicle to operate. It consists of a way, a terminal and facilities for parking and maintenance.

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Terminals such as stations are locations where passengers and freight can be transferred from one vehicle or mode to another. For passenger transport, terminals are integrating different modes to allow riders to interchange to take advantage of each mode's advantages. The terminals for automobiles are parking lots, while buses and coaches can operate from simple stops (Cooper et al., 1998). 2.1.4.2. Vehicles A vehicle is any non-living device that is used to move people and goods. Unlike the infrastructure, the vehicle moves along with the cargo and riders. For passenger transport, the vehicle must have a compartment for the passengers. The proposed terminal will cater buses, AUVs, tricycles and jeepneys. By then, commuters of Dasmariñas and the neighboring cities will experience the ease of commuting. 2.1.5. Function of a Transport terminal Passenger transport, or travel, is the main function of the proposed transport terminal because travel may be a part of daily commuting, for business, leisure or migration of the people. Passenger transport is divided into public and private transport. Public transport is scheduled services on fixed routes; while private is vehicles that provide ad hoc services at the rider’s desire.

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2.1.6. Urban Entertainment Hub defined Urban Entertainment Hub (UEH) can be defined as family-oriented entertainment destinations. These centers combine shopping and recreation with entertainment to form an overall experience. UEHs are not the stereotypical indoor climate controlled centers like malls but incorporate a variety of outdoor plazas, corridors, paths, trails, courtyards, and interior space (Development of Urban Entertainment Centers in Karnataka, 2009). The goal of an Urban Entertainment Hub for a city is, perhaps, to create tax revenue, or to sell food, or merchandise, but for the visitor the overriding concept is to have fun. Entertainment is the draw and a large part of what creates the unique experience of the center. Urban Entertainment Hub have been developed everywhere with appearances like theme parks, sport arenas, indoor leisure sites, center parks, multiplex cinemas or musical theatres. These centers, often dedicated to a special theme, combine different leisure functions with retail trade and entertainment. In order to provide better entertainment and facilities to the tourists and to the people of Cavite, it was suggested that an integrated system such as an Urban Entertainment Hub should be developed in one of the major cities of Cavite which is Dasmariñas. Most cities in Cavite have reasonable shopping and

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entertainment facilities like amusement parks etc. However, there is no integrated center where the visitors can take the advantage of entertainment. 2.1.7. Development and Planning Considerations of an Urban Entertainment Hub 2.1.7.1. Development considerations Selection of site A suitable site should be selected in the whole city .The factors such as population density, connectivity, site dimensions should be considered for selecting the site. Study of legal framework A thorough study of the legal framework related to the development is a necessity. The obligations pertaining to the project has to be well known, different acts pertaining to this sector has to be understood. 2.1.7.2. Planning considerations Study of demographics Demographics of the city has to be studied in detail to establish any set up. This could include the population, male and female ratio, youth population, linguistic details etc. This helps in understanding the profile of the people in the city.

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Socio-economic profile of the city The socio-economic profile of the city provides information about its major occupation, the prevailing economy scenario of the city, major factors influencing economy etc. Analyzing tourist attractions The number of tourists visiting the city will definitely help in estimating the footfalls to Urban Entertainment Hub. Tourists are the major revenue generators for the business entities such as hotels, shopping malls, movie theaters, amusement parks etc. Industrialization of the city This factor is as important, if not more, to other planning consideration as the level of industrialization of any city will increase the disposable income among the population and in turn will be important to ascertain the components of the Urban Entertainment Hub. 2.2.

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY (LOCAL)

2.2.1. Sorsogon Grand Terminal Located at the heart of Sorsogon City, The Sorsogon GT serves as a trading hub for all the Sorsogon provinces, including Masbate. It is composed of its exclusive integral transport terminal and commercial center, showcasing a shopping and an entertainment hub. It manages the operation and interface of various land–based transport services such as buses, jeepneys, filcabs and

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tricycles. Projected to draw 25,000-30,000 foot traffic, the Sorsogon Grand terminal will definitely alter the market behavior and thereby broaden and create various market segments out of the commuting public in Sorsogon and the neighboring provinces including Masbate and Catanduanes.

Figure 2: Perspective of Sorsogon Grand Terminal(Retrieved from: http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/lky-sorsogon-central-terminal/) 2.2.2. Legazpi Grand Terminal Commercial Center Covering the area of about 3.9 hectares, Legazpi GT is a modern transport terminal facility and a business commercial center. With first-rate terminal services equipped with well mapped-out system, the terminal operation includes high-end monitors hooked-up to the system and the computerized entrance and exit systems for maximum security. With anchor tenants, Save More, Do-ItYourself (DIY), and the terminal itself, Legazpi Grand Terminal banks on its 50-

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year exclusivity contract with the local government. Thus, assuring a continued growth in as far as customer foot traffic is concerned.

Figure 3: Aerial perspective of Legazpi Grand Terminal Commercial Center(Retrieved from: http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/lky-legazpigrand-terminal/) 2.2.3. Balanga Bataan Grand Terminal The site is an L-shaped 4.6 hectare lot in Balanga, Bataan with an existing 3,000 square meter terminal structure. It is bounded by Calero Street which connects the downtown plaza of Balanga with the proposed future city center site along Enrique Garcia Sr. Avenue which connects to the provincial highway. As the entry point for most people who come into the city and as a regular part of peoples' day to day activities, it seems only natural that a comprehensive development program be developed for this site. A bevy of mixed-use spaces

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and an integrated central walkway along with open public spaces and generous rest areas allow for a more urban yet relaxed lifestyle.

Figure 4: Aerial perspective of Balanga Bataan Grand Terminal(Retrieved from: http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/balanga-bataan-grand-terminal) 2.2.4. Lucena Grand Central Terminal and Shopping Complex Dubbed as the biggest bus and jeepney terminal in Luzon, this terminal resemble a modern day domestic airport facility, boasting a wide array of amenities that will ensure a comfortable waiting place for passengers heading for Metro Manila, Bicol provinces and many towns of Southern Tagalog region. Built into the terminal complex is a shopping center offering a variety of goods and services complete with fastfood centers that could cater to hundreds of customers at any given time. An average of 50,000 people will go through this facility daily, creating business activity unsurpassed in the city’s history.

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Figure 5: Perspective of Lucena Grand Central Terminal (Retrieved from: http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1370&dat=19970924&id=pY8VAAAAI BAJ&sjid=bQsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1654,2558894) 2.2.5. South-West Integrated Provincial Transport Terminal SIPTT is a centralized, intermodal and integrated bus terminal system which aims to improve the mobility of people and the traffic situation inside Metro Manila road network by consolidating all existing 85 terminals scattered all over the inner core of Metro Manila to (three) central terminals located at the fringes of Metro Manila. The temporary terminal for the South-West routes covers almost 1.4 hectares of Uniwide Mall property along Parañaque coastal road to be leased by the MMDA for a period of 2 1/2 years.

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The terminal will cater provincial buses coming from the South-West routes run by 86 bus operators managing almost 1,000 buses and covering 72 routes. Around 32,000 passengers were expected but actual survey revealed that the average passengers per 1-bus trip for all 800 assumed provincial buses in the terminal are around 34,000.

Figure 6: Façade of South-West Integrated Provincial Transport Terminal(Retrieved from: http://mmda.gov.ph/SW-integrated-provincialterminal.html) 2.3. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY (FOREIGN) 2.3.1. LIA Passenger Terminal Building The LIA Passenger Terminal Building for Hong Kong, China was developed to respond the surrounding urban structure, and to create a visually striking landmark that will act as a gate point for the city. It is designed with the intention to become an iconic character for the city while becoming an environmentally-efficient structure.

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Figure 7: Aerial perspective of LIA Passenger Terminal Building (Retrieved from: http://arch2o.com/lia-passenger-terminal-building-edit/) The building takes the form of a softly shaped object spanning over the river as a symbol of the contrasts with the rigid structure of the truck parking which surrounds it. The same soft form is also used for the platform accessed by cars and buses. Together they work harmoniously as a whole and reflect the ubiquitous flow over the river. The impression of the building also represents the simple organization of the traffic inside with mirrored directions of passengers flow.

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Figure 8: Night perspective of LIA Passenger Terminal Building (Retrieved from: http://arch2o.com/lia-passenger-terminal-building-edit/) The green roof is formed by terraces, creating an impression of a typical South China landscape. It also acts as a thermal and sound insulation, reducing energy consumption for heating and AC and reducing the temperature fluctuations within the building. The façade has been designed to articulate the program and to emphasize the iconic structure. The trapezoidal cladding a visual illusion of movement around the building. 2.3.2. Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Control Point Passenger Terminal Proposal | WAU Design Twisted Link concept project by WAU Design has won the team a Commendation in Ideas Competition for Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Control Point Passenger Terminal Building for its unique twisted design that connects Hongkong and Luohu in Shenzhen, China. In addition to the fact that the building plays a symbolic role of collaboration and communication between

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Hong Kong and Shenzhen East , but also it should serve vehicles and passengers traveling between those two countries. Just like its name, the twisted design presents complementary and mutual beneficial partnership between Hong Kong and Shenzhen on various levels of of lifestyle and political views between both countries. The designer expresses this design concept as the following, “Twisted Link: Based on a basis shape——a cuboid, a dynamic building shape will be created from twisting one end 90 degrees clockwise. This building shape can weaken the boundary between building envelopment. After deformation, the roof turns into wall, or wall into floor. This deformation also indicates the multi-level combination as life-style and political formation between Hong Kong and Shenzhen. It also brings a new experience about building internal space.”

Figure 9: Perspective of Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Terminal Proposal by WAU Design (Retrieved from: http://arch2o.com/liantang-heungyuen-wai-boundary-control-point-passenger-terminal-proposal-wau-design/) Based on people-oriented principle, this building shape has been adjusted according to human’s according to human’s need (passengers) where

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two clearance streamlines are combined into one and two departure halls are set on the second floor.A low-scope path leads passengers to the arrival hall which leads passengers to be able to avoid too much dependence on vertical transportation. But meanwhile, other passengers from different directions can also visually interact with the building and get a full of abundance and enrichment image of passenger terminal building.

2.3.3. Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Control Point Passenger Terminal Building Proposal | Alan Cheung Kwok-lun and Sam Hau Sum-ming Architectural designers Alan Cheung Kwok-lun and Sam Hau Sum-ming from Hong Kong have designed a conceptual passenger terminal building for the International Design Ideas Competition for Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Control Point Passenger Terminal Building, in an attempt to link up China and Hong Kong through the reveal of nature. Inspired by the distant nature of the lands along the border, the proposed architecture does not merely fulfill the purpose of border crossing. It should be capable in enhancing the usability for both Hong Kong and Shenzhen citizens, as well as the aesthetic quality of the hidden natural surroundings. The remoteness and naturalness of the site gives a significant meaning to Hong Kong where condensed urban environment usually exists. It can be regarded as a garden to the entire Hong Kong, where people can enjoy and

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spend their weekends in such natural atmosphere with fantastic mountains and farmland scenery. On the contrary, a developed ground with little greenery is situated on the other side of the boundary. What those inhabitants long for would likely be a piece of “green” for their daily need such as jogging, taking a coffee-break, etc.

Figure 10: Interior perspective of Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Passenger Terminal Building Proposal by Alan Cheung Kwok-lun and Sam Hau Sum-ming (Retrieved from: http://arch2o.com/liantangheung-yuen-wai-boundary-controlpoint-passenger-terminal-building-proposal-alan-cheung-kwok-lun-and-samhau-sum-ming/) 2.3.3.1. Aesthetics and Identity The identity of the design is not only coming from the building itself, but also the surrounding natural environment on both sides of the boundary. This design is intended to let visitors appreciate and experience the nature. The building and rooftop walkway is arranged in three dimensional and irregular setting, so the visitors can have a sense of traditional Chinese farmland and adjacent mountainscape. Also, the walkway is connected with the public

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interchange, which offers the visitors the access to the nearby greenery area. Observation decks are provided for visitors to enjoy the views on opposite side of the border. 2.3.3.2. Connectivity with Neighborhood The design directs the passenger and visitors to the city and surrounding nature respectively. The visitors leaving from the public transport interchange are led to a landscape zone along the river. They can reach the rooftop walkway connecting to the natural environment, such as Pak Fu Shan/ Wong Mau Hang Shan in Hong Kong, and Tang Pak Shan/Shenzhen Reservoir in Shenzhen. The rooftop space also provides the existing villagers with a communal space and the possibility of viewing the opposite border.

Figure 11: Section of Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Passenger Terminal Building Proposal (Retrieved from: http://arch2o.com/liantangheung-yuen-waiboundary-control-point-passenger-terminal-building-proposal-alan-cheungkwok-lun-and-sam-hau-sum-ming/)

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2.3.3.2. Environmental Friendliness Taking the advantage of river-side location, the design uses seawater as a cooling source to reduce the energy consumption for active cooling. A large area of stone is planted below ground and cooled down by seawater at night. The cooled stone will be exposed during daytime and provide cool air to situate with the heat generated in this facility. Meanwhile, since the site is a piece of valuable land acted as a breeding ground for numerous animal and plant species. The hexagonal façade offers an opportunity for planting and creating bird habitat. The collected rainwater is used for plant irrigation and self-cleaning. With proper articulation on aesthetics, connectivity with neighborhood and environmental strategies, the proposed boundary control point opens a chance to reveal this “Mysterious Garden” which is beneficial to the border crossing passengers, Hong Kong and Shenzhen citizens, as well as to the animals and plants. 2.4. RELEVANCE TO THE STUDY The proposed Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub is intended to function as a new point of convergence and to become an iconic character for Dasmariñas. With this, the city will be linked to a new vision of youth and vibrance, resilience and dynamism. The centrality of the development and its comprehensive and intrinsic integration of functions create a major destination point that rivals most developments in the region.

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Just like the Legazpi Grand Terminal Commercial Center, the proposed terminal and entertainment hub will provide the commuters and consumers a vision of luxury, the luxury of freedom. It is a freedom of movement, a freedom of choice and a freedom of space.It will provide the people a more urban yet relaxed lifestyle hence ensuring fast and efficient terminal operations, making travel a whole lot easier for commuters. It will definitely alter the market behavior and thereby broaden and create various market segments out of the commuting public in Dasmariñas and the neighboring cities including Bacoor, Imus and Tagaytay City. In order to provide better entertainment and facilities to the tourists and to the people of Cavite, it was suggested that an Urban Entertainment Hub should be developed in one of the remote city of Cavite which is Dasmariñas. Most cities in Cavite have reasonable shopping and entertainment facilities like amusement parks etc. However, there is no integrated centre where the visitors can take the advantage of entertainment. For the proposed Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub reach the peak of success, different development and planning considerations must be given attention. The site, as one of its important factors, must be studied thoroughly. It should be suitable enough to cater the increasing number of passengers and consumers every year. Next is the City profile of Dasmariñas, its demograhics as well as its socio-economic profile must be studied in detail so

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that the present scenario of the city will be defined making the proposal beneficial enough to boost its economy. The neighboring attractions must also be considered, the proposed Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub must be unique making it the iconic facility of Dasma. And lastly, the industrialization of Dasmariñas City, this factor is as important, if not more, to other planning consideration as the level of industrialization of any city will increase the disposable income among the population and in turn will be important to ascertain the components of the Urban Entertainment Hub.

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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 2.5. RESEARCH PARADIGM

Figure 12: Research Paradigm

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2.5.1. Discussion of Research Paradigm A research paradigm is a systematic investigation about the project where by data were collected, analyzed, and interpreted in some way that it could be easily understand the relationship between constructs. The researcher divided the task according to its substance. Inputs, in this section, the researchers gather data about Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub. Different concepts, designs and ideas of existing terminals and entertainment facility are considered. Also, Laws and articles related to the project are defined, and then the gathered data is analyzed and interpreted. And these are under the Processes. Here, the listed courses will be deduced. The researcher took action to each course of the collected information. Site studies, architectural design and conceptualization, preparation and revision of architectural drawing schemes are also under the process.

And lastly,

complete architectural drawings belongs to the third section which is the output.

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CHAPTER 3 THE RESEARCH METHOD This chapter deals with the research methodology, tools and instruments of research, sources of data, design methodology and planning methods to be applied in the design of this study. 3.1.

RESEARCH METHOD/USED METHODOLOGY

For the purpose of this research, after examining the objectives of the study and realizing that the study needs to focus on present situations, qualitative and quantitative design had been chosen by the proponent. Under the qualitative design, phenomenology method will be applied wherein an interview to the group of people with the same experience will be made to complete the documents needed. Also, logical argumentation method will be used wherein historical research in books, journals, article, etc., will be done in order to search for concept or theories. Under the quantitative design, since proposed project will work to the proposed location, experiment research method will be used in order to determine the cause and effect of the problem. Another is the descriptive research method, under this method, the technique used is the survey method, which is otherwise known as normative survey.

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Another research method used by the proponent is the Market radius analysis, a research method that will identify the market radius of the proposed project. Findings regarding the different factors to consider in desigining a Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub are obtained using the said method. In this study, the respondents which will participate in the survey are mainly the commuters, the operators of the terminal such as bus drivers, conductors, inspectors etc., the household sectors and the business sectors within the projected market radius. 3.2.

TOOLS/INSTRUMENTS OF RESEARCH USED

3.2.1. Interview An interview will be conducted to different household sectors, commuters and consumers. Their insights about Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment hub will be considered in able to know the different trends and innovations to make the proposed project different from the other. 3.2.2. Research Researches on Transport terminals and entertainment hubs designs will be made in order to know pertinent informations regarding its different features. Also, Dasmariñas City’s background and the culture of the people will be studied in order to know the state of their transportation system, local economy and the differentt activities of the people in the area.

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3.3. SOURCES OF DATA The researcher will gather data through a primary source which is an interview of the people within the locality of Dasmariñas and its neighboring cities to share their different insights and through the actual observation in Dasmariñas City which is also a factor for the output of the project.; and secondary through other researches and related projects regarding a Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub. 3.4. STATISTICAL TREATMENT As soon as the researcher gathered the pertinent data, they were complied, sorted out, organized and tabulated. The data were subjected to statistical treatment in order toanswer the questions proposed in this study. 3.4.1. Percentage distribution Percentage Distribution is a descriptive statistics used to determine the number of respondents responding to a particular category against the total number of respondents. The percentage can be computed by dividing the class frequency by the total frequency. 𝑃= where: P= percentage f= frequency N= number of class

𝑓 𝑥 100 𝑁

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3.4.2. Weighted Mean Weighted Mean is used to calculate the central tendency of the responses of the respondents, the formula is: (𝑥) 𝑤 =

∑ 𝑥 (𝑓) 𝑛

where: (𝑥) 𝑤 = weighted mean ∑ x = sum of all the quantities f= frequency n= number of respondents 3.5. RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONS

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Figure 13. Research Design (Flowchart) 3.6. MARKET RADIUS ANALYSIS

Figure14. Market Radius Analysis

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CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS This Chapter shows the organization of the findings according to the research questions. It shows the conceptualization of the solution for the promotion of the local economy of Cavite. 4.1.

PROJECT PROFILE AND ANALYSIS 4.1.1. Overview The proposed Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub in

Dasmariñas Cavite is located in a 5.563 hectares or 55,630 square meter lot in Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite bounded an east river on the north, a southeast river in the east, a lot on the west and road on the south. The proposed Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub is intended to function as a new point of convergence and to become an iconic character for Dasmariñas. It will showcase all the facilities and amenities needed by the consumers and commuters. The proposed land transport terminal and entertainment hub will provide a more urban yet relaxed lifestyle hence ensuring fast and efficient terminal operations, making travel a whole lot easier for commuters.

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The proposal tends to developed one of the remote city of Cavite which is Dasmariñas by providing a new facility where the visitors can take the advantage of entertainment because there is no integrated center nearby. 4.1.2. Statement of Use Since the proposed project is a Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment hub, it compasses transportation facilities that will cater all rising population of commuters every year. With this proposal, people will experience a smooth and hassle-free travel between points of destinations. Also, as the proposal tackles about an Entertainment hub, consumers will be at ease to find a one-stop facility that can provide them their recreational needs. 4.2.

SITE ANALYSIS 4.2.1. Site Selection and Justification 4.2.1.1:

Criteria for Site Selection

The lists of criteria are defined as follows in order to reach a continuous involvement of the community which is the key for a land transport terminal and entertainment hub development. •

Accessible in cities of CALABARZON and other towns of the Philippines.

Major junction must be considered. •

Developed or Urbanized area. These can serve as a catchment area for

more audiences •

The development must be beneficial for the community

•

Near to the other points of interest in the city

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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE •

Popular and established area

•

Near from educational facilities

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Minimal earthquake hazard. No site can be expected to be perfect or ideal, so the choice will often involve a finding about relative risks and cost of designing to save the project from harm. 4.2.1.2:

Site Selection Justification

Dasmariñas City in Cavite is known as the "Melting Pot" of Cavite has the largest population in the entire province with over 575,000 people living within its borders (2010 Census of Population and Housing). Dasmariñas is said to be one of the future business district within the Region of CALABARZON. From other towns, it can be accessed through Aguinaldo Highway, Congressional Avenue, Salitran-Salawag Road, Salawag-Molino Road and Governor’s Drive. 4.2.2. Regional Profile According to (Region IV-A Profile, 2011), The Calabarzon Region is located in the south-western part of the island of Luzon and has a total land area of 16,560 square kilometers. Calabarzon is the second most densely populated region in the country, principally because it is the closest region to metro Manila. Because of its close proximity to Manila and the industrial and economic opportunities that exist there, Calabarzon is experiencing rapid urbanization. As of the year 2000, 67% of its population lives in urban areas. The region is also one of the country’s leading regions for economic investment and growth. With the influx of people and rapid industrial growth,

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environmental issues such as pollution, solid waste management, conservation, and natural resource management will increasingly become major concerns. Additionally, the rapid growth in population will require increased investments in infrastructure and services in order to maintain the relatively high living standards that residents of Calabarzon currently enjoy. 4.2.3. Site Profile 4.2.3.1:

Physical Profile

The site is a 5.563 hectares or 55,630 square meter lot in Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite bounded an east river on the north, a southeast river in the east, a lot on the west and road on the south. 4.2.3.1.1. Soil Bearing and Physical Properties of Underlaying Soil The soils of the City are of the Guadalupe, Magallanes and Carmona Series. Under each series the soil type are Guadalupe clay loam and Guadalupe clay abode, Magallanes clay loam and Magallanes loam and the Carmona clay loam and Carmona clay. 4.2.3.1.2. Topography Dasmariñas City covers approximately 9,013 hectares. The City is generally lowland with areas having slopes 0-18% accounting for about 81% the total area while the remaining 19% are with slopes 18% and above.

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Figure 15. Dasmariñas City Contour Map (City of Dasmariñas City Profile, 2014)

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Figure 16. Erosion Potential Map (City of Dasmariñas City Profile, 2014)

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4.2.3.1.1. Slope Stability Since the site is generally Level to Nearly Level area. It is characterized by none to slight erosion. 4.2.3.1.2. Climate Dasmariñas has two pronounced seasons: wet and dry season. Wet season covers the period from May to December and dry from January to April. The east-southeast monsoon prevails over the area from December to May while southwesterly winds blow during rainy season from June to August with heavy downpour. 4.2.3.1.3. Geographical Distance of Related Areas Dasmariñas is 30 kilometers from Metro Manila; 12 kilometers from the provincial capitol, Trece Martirez City; 27 kilometers from the city of Tagaytay; 30 kilometers from Laguna and 30 kilometers from the coastal towns of Rosario, Kawit, and Cavite City. The accessibility of the area is one of the factors that contributed to its rapid development. Likewise, the road network supports the town in its functional role as a residential, commercial, industrial and university town center. 4.2.3.1.4. Availability of Utilities Water, Sanitation, Electricity and Communication are available in the site since it is the major criteria in choosing the site for the Proposed Land Transport Terminal and Entertainment Hub.

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The main source of water on the site is provided by the Dasmariñas Water District. The Table 1. shows the total active connections and the number of water sources provided by the DWD service connections. Table 1. Dasmariñas Water District service connection Total Active Service Connections Population Served

93,070

97,720

Total Production 605,304

No. of Barangays Served

75

No. of City/iesServed

1

No. of Subdivisions Served No. of Water Ground Sources

29,764,212

96 1

Wells

116

The main source of power on the site is provided by the Napocor and Meralco. It serves approximately 9013 hectares.

Table 2. Power Requirements (MWH) by Type of Connection TYPE OF CONNECTION DOMESTIC INDUSTRIAL

NO. OF CONNECTION 80,416 102

COMMERCIAL

3,271

OTHERS

138

TOTAL

83,927 4.2.3.1.5.

Land Use and Zoning

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Figure 17. Dasmariñas City Existing Land Use Map (City of Dasmariñas City Profile, 2014)

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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 4.2.3.1.6. Site Analysis 

Vicinity Map

Figure 18. Vicinity Map 

Location Plan

Figure 19. Location Map

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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 

Site Photo and Analysis

Figure 20. North View of the site

Figure 21. South View of the site

Figure 22. East View of the site

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Figure 23. West View of the site 4.2.3.1.7. Prominent Vision lines / Visual linkages

Figure 24. Vista from North of the site

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4.3.

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SPATIAL ANALYSIS 4.3.1. User Analysis 4.3.1.1.

Organizational Profile of Users

Land Transport Terminal Composed of heads and managers which handles the main operation of the Terminal and its other activities.

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Restaurant/Comedy Bar/Super Club Composed of the manager, assistant manager, headwaiter and staff handles all the works pertaining to restaurant such as cooking, serving, managing and others.

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4.3.1.2. Land Transport Terminal

Functional Charts

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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE Restaurant/Super Club

Sports and Recreational Facilities

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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE Retail Stores and Cinema House

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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 4.3.1.3.

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User Behavior Analysis

Commuters- A person who travels some distance to work on a regular basis. All the commuters from Dasmariñas and other neighboring cities will be catered by the Transport terminal. Trips to different destination will be provided by the proposed terminal. Consumers- A person who purchases goods and services for personal use. Consumers includes households, students, professionals, employees etc. All the recreational needs of the consumers will be provided by the Entertainment Hub. Thus, the proposed hub will be a complete facility to let the consumers enjoy and have fun. Locals of Dasmariñas Residents of Dasmariñas can enjoy the different facilities provided by the Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub as it is open for general public.

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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE 4.3.2. Definition of Space 4.3.2.1.

Summary of Spaces

Definition of Spaces (Building 1- Land Transport Terminal) SUMMARY OF SPACES

DEFINITION AND USE

Concessionaires

A room or area with seating where people can wait. A room or location where tickets are sold, especially for entertainment events or transportation services. A room provided for singular events such as business conferences and meetings. A small room or closet, usually off a kitchen, where food, tableware, linens, and similar items are stored. A room in which things are stored. A room equipped with one or more lavatories and toilets An area for automated teller machines. A business that sells goods to the consumer.

Passenger Nap Room

A place where passenger sleep for a short time.

Waiting Area

Ticketing Office

Conference Room

Pantry

Storage Common Toilets

ATM Booth

Breastfeeding Station

A place intended for passengers for the breastfeeding of their babies.

AREA IN SQ.M.

1,795 sq.m

27.90 sq.m

23.35 sq.m

4.00 sq.m

9.47 sq.m

101.4 sq.m 12.28 sq.m 185.38 sq.m 108.65 sq.m

22.18 sq.m

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Convenience Store

Dispatchers Office

Drivers Sleeping

A small retail store that is open long hours and that typically sells staple groceries, snacks, and beverages. A room where communications personnel receives and transmits pure and reliable messages, tracks vehicles and equipment and records other important information. A place where drivers sleep and prepare for the next trip.

196.50 sq.m

98.49 sq.m

175.17 sq.m

Quarters Definition of Spaces (Building 2- Super Club) SUMMARY OF SPACES

DEFINITION AND USE

AREA IN SQ.M.

Dining Area

An area for consuming food. A room used for cooking and food preparation. A room equipped with one or more lavatories, toilets and urinals.

2111.09 sq.m

Kitchen Common Toilets

500 sq.m 211.68 sq.m

Definition of Spaces ( Building 3- Retail Stores and Cinema House)

SUMMARY OF SPACES Retail Shop

DEFINITION AND USE

AREA IN SQ.M.

A mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services.

73.38 sq.m

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Fitting Rooms

Beauty Salon

Barber Shop Bakeshop

Coffee Shop

Cinema

Lounge Concessionaires Film Vault Rewinding Area Projection Area

Administration Office

Accounting Office

A room, as in a clothing store, where garments are tried on and measurements taken for alterations or other changes. A place dealing with cosmetic treatments for men and women A place dealing with haircut treatments for both men and women. A workplace where baked goods (breads and cakes and pastries) are produced or sold. A small restaurant in which coffee and light meals are served. A venue, usually a building, for viewing movies (films), for entertainment. A public waiting area provided with seating. A business that sells goods to the consumer. A place for safekeeping of film. An area intended for the rewinding of films. Requires space at the rear of the auditorium and can be within the lighting control room. A room where administrative work is done. A room where financial records of the business are kept.

11.61 sq.m

221.54 sq.m

81.90 sq.m

81.90 sq.m 81.90 sq.m

184.63 sq.m 162.78 sq.m 16.00 sq.m 11.22 sq.m 11.22 sq.m

11.22 sq.m 25.02 sq.m

11.09 sq.m

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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE Employee’s Locker room Employees Toilet

Ticket Booth Common Toilets

Supermarket

An area designated for employee’s lockers. A room equipped with lavatories, toilets and urinals intended for employees use. The office where tickets of admission are sold. A room equipped with one or more lavatories, toilets and urinals. A large self-service retail market that sells food and household goods.

6.97 sq.m

13.46 sq.m 11.00 sq.m 49.56 sq.m

2338.83 sq.m

Definition of Spaces ( Building 4- Sports and Recreational Activities) SUMMARY OF SPACES Common Toilets

Fitness Gym

Massage Room Locker room

Shower Room

DEFINITION AND USE

AREA IN SQ.M.

A room equipped with one or more lavatories, toilets and urinals. A place of business with equipment and facilities for exercising and improving physical fitness A place intended for massage.

59.04 sq.m

An area designated for players’ lockers. A place in which a person bathes under a spray of, typically warm or hot, water

543.09 sq.m

333.29 sq.m 74.5 sq.m

100 sq. m

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4.3.2.2.

Accessibility Matrices

Building 1- Land Transport Terminal Accessible Semi- accessible Not accessible

Building 2- Super Club Accessible Semi- accessible Not accessible

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Building 2- Restaurant Accessible Semi- accessible Not accessible

Building 2- Super Club Accessible Semi- accessible Not accessible

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Building 3- Retail Stores and Cinema House Accessible Semi- accessible Not accessible

4.3.3. Building Technology and Utilities 4.3.3.1.

Type of Construction

According to P.D. 1096 or the National Building Code of the Philippines, all buildings proposed for construction shall be classified according to the following types. The Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub in Dasmariñas is classified as type IV of P.D.1096 . Type IV- Shall be steel, iron, concrete or masonry construction and walls, ceiling and permanent partitions shall be of incombustible fire resistive construction, except that permanent non bearing partitions of one hour fire

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resistive construction may use fire retardant treated wood within the framing assembly. 4.3.3.2.

Method of Construction 

Architectural Solution

The orientation of the site is given much attention because it is the major consideration of the building. The heat of the sun is scooped because it will radiate and reach the surfaces of the buildings. Overhangs, canopies, egrates and blind glass are the major architectural solutions to be applied to prevent direct solar radiation.Horizontal Louvres are most effective when they have southern orientation. It also permits air circulation near the wall and reduces conduction heat gain. The Vertical louvers is effective when used in eastern and western exposures. Sometimes, it is operable to adapt to the suns angle. Other than that, trees are also good sun shade providers but may depend on their proximity height and orientation. In the Land Transport Terminal, Skylights are considered to be the most effective way for daylighting and to minimize the use of electricity as part of the project sustainability requirement. Passive cooling is also considered so that the air in the terminal would flow freely that could also help in minimizing the building energy usage.

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In the Urban Entertainment hub, glazed windows to store fronts are used to be part of the architectural solution for the main daylighting of the entertainment facilities. As a structure that is expected to be a new point of convergence of Region IV-A Calabarzon representing its culture and art, the design must be iconic. Iconic in a way that modern facilities that would cater the needs and interests of the people but the culture and the arts of the region is still given much consideration. 

Structural Solution

Since the Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment hub is considered a large structure, conventional construction is not advised. It dominates the design of similar facilities requiring large expanse of column free space. Selecting appropriate structural system capable of resisting arge bending moments and deflection of long spans in as efficient manner as possible. The structural solution fitted to achieved that modern iconic look is the use of Space Frames. Space frames are three dimensional structural frames similar to pyramid that is subjected to axial tension or compression. 4.3.3.3.

Utilities 4.3.3.3.1. Electrical Requirements

Consider the number and distribution of power points for specialist equipment, cleaning and local lighting, and the size and location of distribution

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trunking. Spaces must include: Electrical rooms, meter, generators, transformers and service entrance. 2003 IMC Section 306.2 Appliances in

rooms = Rooms containing

appliances requiring access shall be provided with a door and an unobstructed passageway measuring not less than 36 inches wide and 80 inches high. The work space shall be clear and extend from the grade, floor, or platform to the height required by 110.26(E) “6 ½ feet”. Other equipment that is associated with the electrical installation and is located above or below the electrical equipment shall be permitted to extend not more than 6 inches beyond the front of the electrical equipment. 4.3.3.3.2. Sanitary Requirements According to the Civil Code of the Philippines, all buildings here after, altered, remodeled, relocate or repaired for human habitation shall be provided with adequate potable water supply, plumbing installation and suitable waste water drainage, pest and vermin control, noise, abetment device, and such other measure required for the protection and promotion of health of person occupying the premises. Sanitary Requirements are: o STP o Plumbing and drainage system o Storm Sewer Line (catch basins and etc.)

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o Pumps o Filtration Consider requirements, including: o

Position and space for water tank(s) including main water supply,

overflow necessities and insulation as well as access and maintenance. o

Position and size of water pipes and distribution around the building.

o

Position and size of soil-vent pipes in relation to sanitary installations and

floor gulleys. 4.3.3.3.3. Mechanical Requirements Air Handling Unit, elevators and escalators are the most common mechanical systems commonly used by commercial facilities. In able to achieved the desired effectivity of the building, these mechanical requirements are needed to be considered in the planning of the proposed project. Maintenance requirements and location and size of air supply and extract grilles, as well as provision and location of services: gas, electricity, water, drainage and telephone and cable television are also needed to be considered. 4.3.3.3.4. Acoustics Requirements Materials to be used in ceilings,walls and flooring of the cinema is given much attention so that it can established a good quality of sound. o

Acoustical Deck- Noise Reduction control is .50 to .90.

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Acoustical foam – Noise Reduction Control is .25 for 6mm to .90.

Acoustical foam panels are used as a sound absorber to reduce reverberation and echoes. o

Acoustical Plaster - Noise Reduction Control is .60

o

Acoustical Tiles- These are used as ceiling material and made up of

minerals or Cellulose fibers or fiberglass. It is attached on a metal grid frame. o

Duct Lining- THL 50mm (2in) This material may attenuate mid frequency

sound by 15db/m (50db/ft) while duct with 25mm (1in) lining will yield 3db/m (1db/ft) o

Fibrous Spray- Used for Fireproofing Reasons. A well applied coat of

25mm (1in) may have an noise reduction control of .60 of higher o

Baffles and Banners- acoustical baffles and banners have very high sound

absorption coefficients ranging from NRC .75 up to NRC 1.15. Acoustical Baffles are designed to hang vertically down from the ceiling. Acoustical Banners are designed to be hung horizontally to a ceiling. Both are very effective sound absorbers that work well to reduce reverberation and increase speech intelligibility. o

Acoustical Sealant -These are construction grade adhesives, caulks and

expandable foam products that are designed to aid with the installation of and provide acoustical reinforcement to our other acoustical product lines

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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE o

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Pads, Hangers, mount and Cup Mount- Isolation products are designed to

reduce sound transmission by lowering resonant vibrational energy within structures or equipment. Acoustical Solutions offers a variety for vibration isolators for different application. o

Mat sound underlay is a rubber based floor underlayment made from

recycled rubber tires. This sound barrier is used under floated or glued down laminate. Sound Barrier is excellent for use in lightweight wood frame construction due to its weight & mass.mat sound underlay is available in stock thickness of 3mm, 6mm and 12 mm with custom thicknesses from 1mm to 17mm. o Floor- Flooring block o Seats- Upholstered o Sound Channels Wall Fabric o Carpet o Curtains and Fabrics o Ceiling zone 4.3.3.3.5. Lighting Requirements Access and supporting framework for performance lighting, ‘house’ lighting and also working lights and emergency lights. Proper lighting will have a great effect in the aesthetic of the building. The determination of the size of

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space is needed to be able to compute the proper amount of the light needed in one area. Consider the following general issues: particular requirements are discussed within the description of each space: o

Natural lighting: Glazing to be positioned to avoid glare, reflections and

unwanted solar gain and heat loss. o

Artificial lighting: General considerations include quality and quantity of

light, efficiency and initial and on-going costs as well as type (fluorescent, low voltage, tungsten, tungsten/halogen, sodium), location (ceiling, wall or trackmounted, up lighters), shielding of fittings (for protection, say, in workshops), if dimmer switching and location of lighting control (centrally in public areas). Lighting installation should consider: o Task lighting: intensity of light on the working plane o Amenity lighting: general lighting within a roomer circulation area o Emergency: automatic alternative system if power fails o External: floodlighting to emphasize and model architectural features, and assist awareness of building; screened floodlighting of trees, works of art, display; lighting of access routes, down lighting at entrance canopies; lighting of emergency exit doors and routes.

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o Warning lights: at points of entry to the stage/platform, rehearsal spaces, and recording studios and possibly to the auditorium, indicating that the space is in use. 4.3.4. Legal Considerations Legal Consideration is mainly based from the zoning ordinance of Dasmariñas City and

P.D.1096

National Building Code of the Philippines

requirement showing its direct relation to the project. Fire code is also considered but not focused.The purpose and application of these laws is to safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare and to provide a framework of minimum standards and requirements to regulate and control the location of buildings, site, design, quality of material, construction, use and maintenance. As stated in P.D.1096 scope and application, it covers architectural, civil/structural, electrical, mechanical, sanitary, plumbing, electronics and interior design. Shall apply to design, location, siting, construction, alteration, repair, conversion, use, occupancy, maintenance, moving, demolition of and addition to public and private building and structures except traditional indigenous family dwellings and economic and socialized housing projects. Existing buildings without building permits/certificates of occupancy may be issued same provided they conform to these rules and regulations.

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4.3.4.1. National Codes/Laws P.D. 1096 – THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES •

Section 701. Occupancy Classified

•

Section 703. Mixed Occupancy

•

SECTION 704. Location on Property

•

SECTION 705. Allowable Floor Areas

•

SECTION 706. Allowable Floor Area Increases

•

SECTION 707. Maximum Height of Buildings

•

SECTION 709. Requirements for Other Group Occupancies

•

SECTION 801. General Requirements of Light and Ventilation

•

SECTION 802. Measurement of Site Occupancy

•

SECTION 803. Percentage of Site Occupancy

•

SECTION 806. Sizes and Dimensions of Rooms

•

SECTION 807. Air Space Requirements in Determining the Size of Rooms

•

SECTION 808. Window Openings

•

SECTION 809. Vent Shafts

•

SECTION 810. Ventilation Skylights

•

SECTION 811. Artificial Ventilation

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P.D. 9514 – THE NEW FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES DIVISION 5. MEANS OF EGRESS •

SECTION 10.2.5.1 Application

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SECTION 10.2.5.2 General Provisions

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SECTION 10.2.5.3 Doors

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SECTION 10.2.5.4 Stairs

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SECTION 10.2.5.5 Outside Stairs

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SECTION 10.2.5.6 Horizontal Exits

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SECTION 10.2.5.7 Ramps

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SECTION 10.2.5.8 Exit Passageways

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SECTION 10.2.5.10 Fire Escape Stairs, Ladders And Slide Escapes

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SECTION 10.2.5.11 Illumination Of Means Of Egress

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SECTION 10.2.5.12 Exit Marking

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SECTION 10.2.5.13 Emergency Evacuation Plan

DIVISION 6. FEATURES OF FIRE PROTECTION •

SECTION 10.2.6.1 Construction And Compartmentation

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SECTION 10.2.6.2 Protection Of Vertical Opening And Combustible

Concealed Spaces •

SECTION 10.2.6.3 Interior Finish

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SECTION 10.2.6.4 Fire Detection, Alarm, And Communication Systems

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SECTION 10.2.6.5 Automatic Sprinklers And Other Extinguishing

Equipment •

SECTION 10.2.6.6 Standpipes

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SECTION 10.2.6.7 Portable And Wheeled Fire Extinguishers

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SECTION 10.2.6.8 Segregation And Protection Of Hazards

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SECTION 10.2.6.9 Smoke Partitions

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SECTION 10.2.6.10 Fire Doors

DIVISION 7. BUILDING SERVICE EQUIPMENT •

SECTION 10.2.7.1 Utilities

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SECTION 10.2.7.2 Heating, Ventilating And Airconditioning

DASMARIÑAS CITY ZONING ORDINANCE SECTION 5. Division into Zones or Districts SECTION 6. Zoning Map SECTION 7. Zone/Area Boundaries SECTION 8. Interpretation of the Zone Boundary. SECTION 9. General Provision. SECTION 11. Use Regulations in General Commercial Zone (GCZ). SECTION 24. Area Regulations. SECTION 25. Road Setback Regulations. SECTION 26. Easement. SECTION 27. Buffer regulations.

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SECTION 28. Specific Provisions in the National Building Code. All ordinances and guidelines included to each section of the city ordinance should overrule (if there any) the conflicting standards from the previous legal codes and criteria. 4.3.5. Economics of Construction Lot Area = 55630 sqm Buildable Area (80%) = 44504 Sq.mts Building Footprint = 33378 sq. mts. 4.3.5.1.

Building Construction Cost

Building Construction Cost (BCC) (PHP 35,000) Total Bldg Area x 35,000 = Construction Cost 33378 X Php 35,000 = Php 1,168,230,000 4.3.5.2.

Land Development Cost

Land Development Cost (LDC) (Php 759.65/ Sq.m) Lot Area – Bldg Footprint = LDC 55630 – 33378 = 22252 sq. m 22252 sq.m x Php 1,573 = Php 35,002,396 Project Management Cost (PMC) (LDC + CC) x 10% = (35002396 + 1168230000) x 10% = Php 120,323,239.6 Professional Cost Fee (PCF) (LDC + CC) x 7% = (35002396 + 1168230000) x 7% = Php 842,262,677.2

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Contingency Cost (CC) (LDC + CC) x 10% =(35002396 + 1168230000) x 10% = Php 120,323,239.6 Probable Cost of the Project LDC + CC + PMC + PCF + ConstC 35002396 + 1168230000 + 120323239.6 + 842262677.2 + 1203232396= Php 2,286,141,552 4.3.6. Environmental Condition and Environmental Impact Ecologically speaking, different plant species are within the boundary of the site. The grass, which is the most abundant in the site serves as the gound cover of the site approximately 0.2-0.6 meters in height. Floras are not much but trees are present. These existing vegetation will be used for the landscape development within the area that will give the users of the proposal a natureoriented feeling and that will reduce the environmental impact of thedevelopment to the site. The proposal will help the city regain its distinction upon the construction of the said development. It will also encourage the investors and entrepreneurs to build their own business within the proposed project. The project will result to the victory of Dasmariñas City because it will serve as the new iconic facility of the city.

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CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS 4.4.1. Architectural Theories and Principles Applied in the Design

The major architectural theories applied in the design covers the following: 4.4.1.1. Movement Since the proposed projects expect a lot of people, Movement principle is applied to achieve the flow or feeling of action. Land Transport Terminal and Urban entertainment hub tends to be one of the busiests structure so the movement must be incorporated well in the design. There must be no hindrances that can cause traffic to the bulk of people coming in and out of the said facility. 4.4.1.2. Character The character of the Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment hub will define and represent Dasmariñas’ economy. The exterior represents the internal function of the facility and the character is manifested by the external expression of the internal qualities of the proposed facility. Character in architecture is derived from three types (Salvan, 1999): 1. Function, or the use of building 2. Association, or the influence of traditional types 3. Personality, or the human quality or emotional appeal.

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For Terminal, it must have the enough space for the loading and unloading of passengers. It must at least be open so that the gases emmited by the transport vehicles would not affect the overall look of the terminal For Urban Entertainment Hub, it must have clear vision of storefronts so that the people will easily locate where they are going. 4.4.1.3. Emphasis The project must serve as the new point of convergence in Dasmariñas city. It must be iconic in order to be a new landmark of the city. There must be a focal point in the design that can attract one’s eye. It can be achieved through size, placement, shape, color, and/or use of lines 4.4.2. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY The architectural philosophy applied in the design of the proposed Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub in Dasmariñas City is: “Design creates CULTURE. Culture shapes VALUES. Values determine the FUTURE.” By Robert L. Peters If everything is designed, perhaps design is everything. Design changes the world. Done well, it changes it for the better. Creating new design technology and products could improve people lives for it to become better, more convenient, efficient, and more beautiful.

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4.4.3. DESIGN CONCEPT “DIRECTION” Direction in design provides mood and atmosphere. Direction gives the illusion of movement within a design. Since the proposed Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub tends to be a busy and crowded structure, the feeling of movement must be incorporated to the design. There must be no hindrances that can cause traffic to the bulk of people coming in and out of the said facility.

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CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS The proposed Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub is

intended to function as a new point of convergence and to become an iconic character for Dasmariñas. The centrality of the development and its comprehensive and intrinsic integration of functions create a major destination point that rivals most developments in the region. The proposed land transport terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub tends to contribute to the transport system and Tourism development of Dasmariñas City. The proposed Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub will be situated at a 5.563 hectares or 55,630 square meter vacant lot in Burol Main, City of Dasmariñas, Cavite bounded an east river on the north, a southeast river in the east, a lot on the west and road on the south. The site is accessible to Manila and to all parts of Calabarzon and other nearby towns. The accessibility of the area is one of the factors that contributed to its rapid development. Utilities like electricity, sanitation, telecommunications and water are properly distributed within the site. The type of construction to be used in the proposal is Type IV as specified in the National Building Code. Electrical, Sanitary, Mechanical, Acoustic and

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Lighting requirements are identified according to the specific codes and to the demand of occupancy. 5.2.

CONCLUSION

Development of this Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub Is important to Dasmariñas City because of the the growing number of people residing the place. It can improve the social, economic, industrial and commercial aspect of the city. It could result to better accessibility, employment and additional investments. It also aim to improve the quality of life that will lead to extensive and brilliant future ahead. This institution provides complete adequate facilities for transport and entertainment and will serve as the new iconic facility for Dasmariñas to gain its identity. Also, This institution will be a one-stop facility that would extend the whole comfort and safety of the commuters and consumers for both public and private use. 5.3.

RECOMMENDATION Based on all the findings, the researcher highly recommended the

proposed Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub for everyday use. Aside from the ease of travelling from one place to another, visitors can take advantage of entertainment through this facility. Moreover, this institution will be the start of new and improved Transport and Tourism system of Dasmariñas City.

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REFERENCES Arch 20 (2013). Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Terminal Proposal by Alan Cheung Kwok-lun and Sam Hau Sum-ming. Retrieved October 16, 2014, from http://arch2o.com/liantangheung-yuen-wai-boundary-control-pointpassenger-terminal-building-proposal-alan-cheung-kwok-lun-and-sam-hausum-ming/) Arch 20 (2013). Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Terminal Proposal by WAU Design. Retrieved October 16, 2014, from http://arch2o.com/liantangheung-yuen-wai-boundary-control-point-passenger-terminal-proposal-waudesign/) Arch 20 (2013). LIA Passenger Terminal Building. Retrieved October 16, 2014, from http://www.arch2o.com/lia-passenger-terminal-building-edit Christopher P. Cooper; Rebecca Shepherd (1998). Tourism: Principles and Practice. Financial Times Prent.Int. ISBN 978-0-582-31273-9. Retrieved 22 December 2012. City of Dasmariñas 2014 Statistical Profile. (2014). Dasmariñas City: City Planning and Development Office. Development of Urban Entertainment Centers in Karnataka (2009). Final feasibility

report.

Retrieved

October

15,

http://www.iddkarnataka.gov.in/docs/22.Prefea_UEC.pdf

2014,

from

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Hurst, M. (1976). Road Transportation. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. LKY Group Terminal Operations (2012). Balanga Bataan Grand Terminal. Retrieved

October

16,

2014,

from

http://lkygroup.com/terminal-

operations/balanga-bataan-grand-terminal LKY Group Terminal Operations (2012). Legazpi Grand Terminal Commercial Center. Retrieved October 16, 2014, from http://lkygroup.com/terminaloperations/lky-legazpi-grand-terminal/ LKY Group Terminal Operations (2012). Sorsogon Grand Terminal. Retrieved October

16, 2014,

from

http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/lky-

sorsogon-central-terminal/ Rodrigue, J (2013). The Geography of Transport Systems. New York: Routledge Salvan, G. S. (1999). Architectural Theories of Design. Quezon City: JMC Press, Inc. TranSystems Corporation (2013). Multimodal Terminals. Retrieved August 26, 2014,

from

http://www.transystems.com/Home/Markets/Transit-and-

Passenger-Rail/Multimodal-Terminals.aspx Wikipedia.

(2014,

October

11).Transport.Retrieved

from

Wikipedia:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport Wikipedia. (2014, October 11).Entertainment.Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainment

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APPENDICES` APPENDIX 1: Distance of Site to major landmarks of Dasmariñas Cavite

Figure 25: UMC to site

Figure 26. De La Salle University to site

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Figure 27. EAC Med to site

Figure 28. City Hall to site

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Figure 29. St. Paul Medical Center to site

Figure 30. Walter Mart to site

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Figure 31. Kadiwa public Market to site

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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE APPENDIX 2: Maps

Figure 32. City of Dasmariñas Road Network Map

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Figure 33. City of Dasmariñas Earthquake Induced Landslide Hazard Map

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Figure 34. City of Dasmariñas Ground Shaking Hazard Map

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Figure 35. City of Dasmariñas Hydrogeologic Map

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

CARLO PAULO L. CUARESMA Blk. 3 Lot 51 Villa Luisa Phase 1 San Agustin 3 Dasmariñas City, Cavite [email protected] 09469200207

Carlo Paulo L. Cuaresma took up BS Civil Engineering on his first two years of college and shifted to BS Architecture by the year 2010. He has undergone several seminars and tutorials to be able to provide a complete architectural services for his future jobs. Also, he has managed to complete the needed hours for his on-the-job-training and has been responsible for several projects during the training. This includes a multi-family residential building, commercial spaces, health care centers, and other public areas in a community. Most projects included design layouts; preparation of construction documents in AutoCAD; rendering and presentation drawings and also interior finish selections.

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Transport Terminal

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