TESIS MARKO CASTAÑEDA

CL^ M@BC@MC_ÁL BCKIÖBMFL JMBAAB!S@AVA

L@ÌIMVMV HMD_KBCK\SÁAMFK HMD_KBCK\SÁAM FK DCI _ÁK AMVHFL

_CVSAC@ Ci ~rcvc`tc cvtsdmk vc fc`trl c` il m`tcr~rctlfmö` dci jc`öac`k dc dmv~crvmö` bck|sáamfl l trlzív dci lbsl) trltl`dk dc fka~rc`dcr } l il zcw cx~imflr ilv lvkfmlfmk`cv cxmvtc`tcv c`trc fldl s`k dc ikv cicac`tkv actìimfkv } `k actìimfkv l`limwldkv. Ikv trlolgkv dc fla~k jscrk` dcvlrrkiildkv c` ci rák Amvhfl } vsv ~rm`fm~licv ljisc`tcv) cvtc rák vc somfl c` ci vcftkr fc`trli dc il ^rkzm`fml Záftkr Jlglrdk) c` ci Dc~lrtlac`tk dc L}lfsfhk } fk`vtmts}c s` ljisc`tc ma~krtl`tc dci rák Vk`dk`dk) l vs zcw ~lrtmfm~l`tc c` il jkralfmö` dc il fsc`fl dci rák ^la~lv) ltrlzcvl`dk s`mdldcv imtkiöbmflv dmvtm`tlv) fkak il Jkralfmö` Fhs`sal}k) ikv brs~kv ^sflrì } Amts) } c` vs trlak jm`li il s`mdld brl`átmfl fkrrcv~k`dmc`tc li Oltkimtk \scrkolaol. ^lrl ciik vc vmbsmcrk` ~rkfcvkv dc tkal dc ascvtrlv c` lbslv) c` ~s`tkv cvtrltíbmfkv dci flsfc dci rák Amvhfl lvá fkak tlaomí` c` wk`lv dc fk`jisc`fml fk` ktrlv |scorldlv ma~krtl`tcv } fk` ljisc`tcv ~rkzc`mc`tcv dci vsovscik) hlomc`dk hcfhk s`l filvmjmflfmö` tm~k ~lrl ilv lbslv vs~crjmfmlicv } ilv i lv lbslv fk` rcfkrrmdk vsotcrrì`ck. Ci l`ìimvmv hmdrkbck|sáamfk acdml`tc il tíf`mfl dc cv~cftrkactrál dc camvmö` ö~tmfl ~kr (MF^!KCV- ~lrl lbslv orm`dö rcvsitldkv ma~krtl`tcv) vmc`dk |sc vc c`fk`trlrk` ~rk~krfmk`cv litlv dc fmcrtkv cicac`tkv fkak ci lrví`mfk) ci ~ikak) ikv vsijltkv) flrok`ltkv } al`bl`cvk) lvá fkak tlaomí` il fkrrcilfmö` cxmvtc`tc c`trc il flrbl actìimfl (fk`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl- } ikv zlikrcv dc lfmdcw k olvmfmdld5 tkdk cvtk tc`mc`dk c` fsc`tl il imtkcvtrltmbrljál } ikv lv~cftkv bckiöbmfkv cvtrsftsrlicv) fk` m`jisc`fml dmrcftl vkorc ikv zlikrcv jmvmfk|sáamfkv cxmvtc`tcv c` ilv lbslv l`limwldlv. l`limwldlv. Jm`liac`tc) vc ikbrl c`tc`dcr } cx~imflr il ~rcvc`fml } akzmimdld dc dmfhkv cicac`tkv |sáamfkv ~rkzc`mc`tcv5 l ~lrtmr dc ikv ljikrlamc`tkv c` ikv |sc cvtkv vc hl` ca~ilwldk `ltsrliac`tc) lvá fkak tlaomí` ~kr ci dcvlrrkiik dc ikv ~rkfcvkv dc crkvmö`) trl`v~krtc } dc~kvmtlfmö` (dmv~crvmö` vcfs`dlrml- ~kr ~lrtc dc ikv drc`lgcv vs~crjmfmlicv } vsotcrrì`ckv) |sc tlaomí` hl` ld|smrmdk ilv flrlftcrávtmflv jmvmfk|sáamflv |sc `kv ~cramtc` filvmjmflrikv dc`trk dci tm~k dc lbslv vsijltldlv } flrok`ltldlv5 ldcaìv dc il cxmvtc`fml dc ~s`tkv dc ascvtrck c` ikv |sc vc hl dctcftldk zlikrcv |sc vs~crl` ikv iáamtcv ~lrl il czlislfmö` dc flimdld dc lbslv) jìfmiac`tc lvkfmloic l ikv ~rkfcvkv dc dmv~crvmö` hmdrkbck|sáamfl `ltsrli.

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L@ÌIMVMV HMD_KBCK\SÁAMFK DC IL FSC@FL DCI _ÁK AMVHFL

Á@DMFC _CVSAC@ ........................................................................................ < M@T_KDSFFMÖ@................................................................................. : <.<

KOGCTMZKV............................................................................ :

<.?

KOGCTMZKV CV^CFÁJMFKV......................................................... 2

<.6

AÍTKDK DC T_LOLGK ............................................................. 2

<.6.<

^_MAC_L JLVC ................................................................. 2

<.6.?

VCBS@DL JLVC ................................................................ 8

<.6.6

TC_FC_L JLVC................................................................. 8

<.4

L@TCFCDC@TCV ..................................................................... 8

BC@C_LIMDLDCV ............................................................................ <> ?.<

SOMFLFMÖ@ DCI Ì_CL DC CVTSDMK.......................................... <>

?.?

LFFCVMOMIMDLD ....................................................................
?.6

FIMAL ................................................................................
?.4

BCKB_LJÁL.........................................................................
?.3

HMD_KB_LJÁL ...................................................................... <6

?.3.<

_ÁK AMVHFL.................................................................... <6

?.3.?

\SCO_LDL _LGLS_C ...................................................... <6

?.3.6

\SCO_LDL AL_FLFHLTL................................................ <4

?.3.4

\SCO_LDL ^LA^L@L...................................................... <4

?.3.3

\SCO_LDL VLFFIIL@M. ................................................... <4

?.:

?.:.<

WK@LV DC ZMDL .............................................................. <4

?.:.?

JIK_L .......................................................................... <3

?.:.6

JLS@L .......................................................................... <:

?.2

?

LV^CFTK OMÖTMFK ................................................................ <4

LV^CFTKV BCKAK_JKIÖBMFKV BCKAK_JKIÖBMFKV ............................................. <2

?.2.<

S@MDLDCV BCKAK_JKIÖBMFLV BCKAK_JKIÖBMFLV ........................................ <2

?.2.?

JLFTK_CV BCKAK_JKIÖBMFKV BCKAK_JKIÖBMFKV ....................................... <= OFH. AL_EK CDSL_DK FLVTLÜCDL WLZLICTL

CL^ M@BC@MC_ÁL BCKIÖBMFL JMBAAB!S@AVA ?.2.6


LBC@TCV BCKAK_JKIÖBMFKV. BCKAK_JKIÖBMFKV.......................................... <=

AL_FK BCKIÖBMFK ........................................................................ ?< 6.<

LV^CFTKV BCKIÖBMFKV _CBMK@LICV .................................... ?<

6.?

LV^CFTKV BCKIÖBMFKV IKFLICV ......................................... ??

6.6

CVT_LTMB_LJÁL ................................................................... ?6

6.6.<

B_S^K AMTS .................................................................. ?3

6.6.?

B_S^K ^SFL_Ì ............................................................. ?2

6.6.6

JK_ALFMÖ@ FHS@SAL]K ................................................ ?=

6.6.4

_KFLV ÁB@CLV............................................................... 6>

6.4

BCKIKBÁL BCKIKBÁL CVT_SFTS_LI CV T_SFTS_LI ..................................................... 6<

6.4.<

VMVTCALV DC JLIILAMC@TK ............................................. 6?

6.4.?

.................. ... 66 ÎCBLAMC@TKV ] CVT_SFTS_LV VCFS@DL_MLV...............

6.3

BCKIKBÁL BCKIKBÁL CFK@ÖAMFL ......................................................... 64

AL_FK HMD_KBCKIÖBMFK DC IL FSC@FL .......................................... 6: 4.<

LV^CFTKV HMD_KBCKIÖBMFKV HMD_KBCKIÖBMFKV DC IKV L@DCV L@ DCV ......................... 6:

4.?

L@ÌIMVMV DC IL FSC@FL DCI _ÁK AMVHFL ................................ 68

4.6

......... 4< 4< ^_M@FM^LICV LJISC@TCV VS^C_JMFMLICV DCI _ÁK AMVHFL.........

4.6.<

\SCO_LDL _LGLS_C ...................................................... 4<

4.6.?

\SCO_LDL AL_FLFHLTL................................................ 4<

4.6.6

\SCO_LDL VLM@KGL ....................................................... 4?

4.6.4

\SCO_LDL ^LA^L@L...................................................... 4?

4.6.3

\SCO_LDL VLFFIIL@M.................................................... 4?

4.4

^_M@FM^LICV LJISC@TCV VSOTC__Ì@CKV............................... 4?

4.4.<

4.3

..................... ...... 44 FKA^K_TLAMC@TK DCI LBSL VSOTC__Ì@CL ...............

S@MDLDCV HMD_KCVT_LTMB_ÌJÁFLV........................................ 43

HMD_KBCK\SÁAMFL DC IL FSC@FL AMVHFL......................................... 4: 3.<

6

AL_FK FK@FC^TSLI BC@C_LI ............................................. 4:

3.<.<

FK@FC^TKV BC@C_LICV ................................................. 4:

3.<.?

BCK\SÁAMFL LAOMC@TLI ................................................. 34 OFH. AL_EK CDSL_DK FLVTLÜCDL WLZLICTL



3.<.6

L@ÌIMVMV BCK\SÁAMFKV BCK\SÁAMFKV................................................... 34

3.<.4

.................. ... 33 BCK\SÁAMFL LÎMFLDL C@ IL WK@L CVTSDMLDL...............

3.?

_CVSITLDKV DCI L@ÌIMVMV DC LBSLV.................................... 3=

3.?.<

^L_ÌACT_KV JMVMFK\SÁAMFKV M@ VMTS............................... 3=

3.?.?

_CVSITLDKV DC ASCVT_CK VS^C_JMFMLI.......................... :>

3.?.6

....................... ....... :6 _CVSITLDKV DC ASCVT_CK VSOTC__Ì@CK................

3.6

L@ÌIMVMV ] DMVFSVMÖ@ DC _CVSITLDKV .................................. :3

3.6.<

............... : 3 ^L_ÌACT_KV JÁVMFK \SÁAMFKV C@ CI _ÁK AMVHFL...............

3.6.?

^L_ÌACT_KV JMVMFK\SÁAMFKV C@ LJISC@TCV VS^C_JMFMLICV ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….:2

3.6.6

^L_ÌACT_KV JMVMFK\SÁAMFKV C@ IKV LJISC@TCV VSOTC__Ì@CKV........................................................................ :=

3.6.4

3.4

OLIL@FC MÖ@MFK ............................................................ 2<

FILVMJMFLFMÖ@ DC LBSLV ..................................................... 26

3.4.<

FILVMJMFLFMÖ@ DC LBSLV VS^C_JMFMLICV ......................... 24

3.4.?

........... 2 : FILVMJMFLFMÖ@ DC IKV LJISC@TCV VSOTC__Ì@CKV ...........

3.3

FK@TC@MDKV ACTÌIMFKV MA^K_TL@TCV .................................. 22

3.3.<

IMTMK............................................................................. 22

3.3.?

LISAM@MK ...................................................................... 28

3.3.6

AL@BL@CVK.................................................................. 28

3.3.4

@M\SCI ] FKO_C ............................................................ 2=

3.3.3

WM@F ............................................................................. 2=

3.3.:

AKIMODC@K) FLDAMK ] OL_MK........................................... 8>

3.3.2

ÎLTL........................................................................... 8>

3.3.8

AC_FS_MK ..................................................................... 8>

3.3.=

ÎKAK.......................................................................... 8<

3.3.<>

HMC__K ......................................................................... 8<

3.:

_CILFMÖ@ VSIJLTK!OMFL_OK@LTK ZC_VSV LFMDCW!LIFLIM@MDLD ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8<

4

OFH. AL_EK CDSL_DK FLVTLÜCDL WLZLICTL


3.2


_CILFMÖ@ VSIJLTK! OMFL_OK@LTK ] FK@DSFTMZMDLD CIÍFT_MFL ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8?

3.8

FLIMDLD \SÁAMFL DC LBSLV ................................................. 8:

3.8.<

.................... .... 88 FLIMDLD DC LBSLV ^L_L FK@VSAK HSAL@K ................

3.8.?

.................. ... => FLIMDLD DC LBSLV ^L_L OCOMDL DC L@MALICV...............

FK@FISVMK@CV .............................................................................. =3 _CFKAC@DLFMK@CV........................................................................ =8 OMOIMKB_LJÁL………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….== L@CXKV………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………<>6

3




FL^ÁTSIK M7 M@T_KDSFFMÖ@ Acdml`tc il hmdrkbck|sáamfl cv ~kvmoic c`fk`trlr cx~imflfmk`cv zìimdlv |sc ~scdl` orm`dlr s` acgkr c`tc`dmamc`tk fk` rcv~cftk l il cxmvtc`fml dc fmcrtkv cicac`tkv dc`trk dc ikv zki÷ac`cv hádrmfkv } cvtloicfcr tlaomí` s` l`ìimvmv fk` rcv~cftk l il flimdld dc ilv lbslv c` rcilfmö` l ilv `kralv `lfmk`licv dc czlislfmö` dc rcfsrvkv hádrmfkv. M`mfmliac`tc vc dcvfrmoc` lv~cftkv rciczl`tcv fk`fcr`mc`tcv l il czkisfmö` bckiöbmfl dc ikv L`dcv) ~k`mc`dk í`jlvmv c` ikv lv~cftkv rcilfmk`ldkv li ìrcl dc cvtsdmk } ilv litcrlfmk`cv vsjrmdlv dcvdc ci Acvkwkmfk) lvá fkak tlaomí` l ikv ~rkfcvkv dc bckikbál cvtrsftsrli } tcftk`mvak ~rcvc`tcv c` il fk`jmbsrlfmö` l`dm`l } litm~iì`mfl dc il wk`l dc cvtsdmk. cvtsdmk. L fk`tm`slfmö` vc ac`fmk`l` ac`fmk`l` ikv lv~cftkv dcvfrm~tmzkv dc ikv ~rm`fm~licv flsfcv } drc`lgcv |sc vc ~rcvc`tl`) kocdcfmc`dk l s` ~ltrö` dc cvfsrrmamc`tk vs~crjmfmli |sc cv ci |sc bc`crl ci ~rkfcvk dc dmv~crvmö` bck|sáamfl) tcal dci |sc vc hloil c` ci vmbsmc`tc fl~átsik) fkrrcilfmk`l`dk ikv fk`tc`mdkv mö`mfkv dc ilv lbslv fk` ikv lv~cftkv bckiöbmfkv dc il wk`l cvtsdmldl. Vc cvtloicfc` lvmamvak) fk`fisvmk`cv dctcram`l`tcv dctcram`l`tcv } vc cilokrl s` ~ltrö` ~ltrö` dc fk`dsftl fk`dsftl ~lrl ikv fk`tc`mdkv actìimfkv m`fismdkv c` ikv drc`lgcv) m`jisc`fmldkv tlaomí` ~kr zki÷ac`cv vsotcrrì`ckv |sc ljikrl` l ik ilrbk dci rák Amvhfl. Dc lfscrdk l ilv flrlftcrávtmflv jmvmfk|sáamflv vc filvmjmfl` ikv dmvtm`tkv ~s`tkv czlisldkv tkal`dk c` fsc`tl ilv Filvmjmflfmk`cv ^m~cr (brs~li- } Vtmjj (m`dmzmdsli-) m`jisc`fmldkv ~rm`fm~liac`tc ~kr il `ltsrlicwl jmvmfk|sáamfl dc ikv vmvtcalv rkfkvkv dci c`tkr`k5 lvmamvak vc fktcgl` ikv zlikrcv dci l`ìimvmv fk` ikv cvtì`dlrcv dc flimdld laomc`tli ~lrl fscr~kv rcfc~tkrcv dc il i l `kral ~crsl`l ~lrl czlislfmö` dc flimdld dc rcfsrvkv hádrmfkv aìv rcfmc`tc (Dcfrctk Vs~rcak @· ><>!?>>8!AM@LA!Zcr L`cxk >47 @kraltmzlv Laomc`tlicv-. Jm`liac`tc vc cvtloicfc` ilv fk`fisvmk`cv l ilv |sc vc hl iicbldk ~kr acdmk dc il m`jcrc`fml dc ikv dltkv kotc`mdkv } dltkv ac`krcv |sc ~kdrál` vcr svldkv c` il cilokrlfmö` dc cvtsdmkv ~kvtcrmkrcv li ~rcvc`tc. <.< KOGCTMZKV Ikv kogctmzkv bc`crlicv dc il cilokrlfmö` dc il ~rcvc`tc tcvmv vk` ikv vmbsmc`tcv7 !

:

Orm`dlr s`l m`trkdsffmö` hlfml ci fla~k dc il hmdrkbck|sáamfl fkak rcfsrvk ma~krtl`tc c` il cilokrlfmö` dc trlolgkv rcilfmk`ldkv `k vkilac`tc fk` il OFH. AL_EK CDSL_DK FLVTLÜCDL WLZLICTL


! !


am`crál) vm`k tlaomí` fk` rcv~cftk l ikv trlolgkv dc czlislfmö` acdmklaomc`tli acdmklaomc`tli } l|sciikv rcilfmk`ldkv li cvtsdmk dc ilv il v jsc`tcv dc lbsl. Flrlftcrmwlr ilv lbslv dc il fsc`fl litl dci rák Amvhfl dc lfscrdk l il dmvtrmosfmö` bck|sáamfl dc ikv cicac`tkv trlwl. ^k`cr l fk`vmdcrlfmö` dc ikv vcükrcv amcaorkv dci gsrldk il m`zcvtmblfmö` cjcftsldl ~lrl k~tlr ci Tátsik dc M`bc`mcrk Bcöikbk.

<.? KOGCTMZKV CV^CFÁJMFKV C` ci fla~k dc ik cv~cfájmfk) il ~rcvc`tc tcvmv tc`drì ikv vmbsmc`tcv jm`cv7 !

! !

!

Czlislr ilv flrlftcrávtmflv bckiöbmflv dc il fsc`fl hmdrkbrìjmfl dci rák Amvhfl) dcjm`mc`dk ikv ~lrìactrkv |sc tmc`c` m`jisc`fml dmrcftl c` ikv ljikrlamc`tkv rkfkvkv } akdcil` ci c`tkr`k. Mdc`tmjmflr ikv ~rm`fm~licv lbc`tcv |sc m`tcrzmc`c` c` ikv ~rkfcvkv dc akdcilamc`tk } dmvtrmosfmö` bck|sáamfl dc`trk dci ìrcl dc cvtsdmk. Czlislr ikv lv~cftkv dc akzmimdld dc ikv cicac`tkv |sáamfkv) fkrrcilfmk`l`dk ci fk`trki cvtrsftsrli dc il wk`l) il imtkcvtrltmbrljál } il l~lrmfmö` dc drc`lgcv vsotcrrì`ckv } vs~crjmfmlicv dmrmbmdkv hlfml il fsc`fl ~rm`fm~li dci rák Amvhfl. Czlislr ikv rcvsitldkv l`limwl`dk vs flimdld |sáamfl) fk` rcv~cftk l ilv `kralv dc czlislfmö` laomc`tli zmbc`tcv (~lrl fk`vsak hsal`k } ~lrl ocomdl dc l`malicv-

<.6 AÍTKDK DC T_LOLGK C` ilv ilokrcv dc m`zcvtmblfmö` cjcftsldlv c` ci rák Amvhfl vc hl` cjcftsldk ikv vmbsmc`tcv trlolgkv) vcfsc`fmliac`tc7 <.6.<

^_MAC_L JLVC

Fk`vmvtc c` il rcfk~milfmö` dc m`jkralfmö` ÷tmi zlimdldl fk` rcv~cftk l m`vtmtsfmk`cv c`flrbldlv dc ikv cvtsdmkv dc dcvfrm~fmö` bckiöbmfl } bckbrìjmfl dci ~láv) il amval |sc hl vmdk ~rkfcvldl c m`tcr~rctldl c` blom`ctc) ~lrl iscbk fkrrkokrlril fk` il czlislfmö` m` vmts) cvtl m`jkralfmö` l`limwldl hl fk`vmvtmdk c`7 ! ! ! ! ! !

2

îl`kv tk~kbrìjmfkv. Cvtsdmkv Hmdrkbrìjmfkv. Flrtlv Hmdrkiöbmflv. îl`kv dc Zálv. Cvtsdmkv Bckiöbmfkv. Omoimkbrljál Bck|sáamfl. OFH. AL_EK CDSL_DK FLVTLÜCDL WLZLICTL

CL^ M@BC@MC_ÁL BCKIÖBMFL JMBAAB!S@AVA <.6.?


VCBS@DL JLVC

L fk`tm`slfmö` vc ~rkfcdmö l czlislr il wk`l dc m`tcrív tkal`dk c` fsc`tl il m`jkralfmö` kotc`mdl c` il ~rmacrl jlvc5 cvtl jlvc cx~ikrltkrml vc dcvlrrkiiö dsrl`tc ikv acvcv dc alrwk } lormi dci lük ?><>5 } fk`vmvtmö fk `vmvtmö c` ikv vmbsmc`tcv trlolgkv7 !

Cilokrlfmö` dc s` fk`trki imtkiöbmfk vcfsc`fmli.

!

L`ìimvmv bckiöbmfk cvtrsftsrli. Tkal dc ascvtrlv dc lbsl } dc vsv ~rk~mcdldcv jávmflv m` vmts. Tkal dc maìbc`cv fkak altcrmlicv rcjcrc`fmlicv ~lrl il cilokrlfmö` dci ~rcvc`tc dkfsac`tk (L`cxk >67 ^l`ci Jktkbrìjmfk-. Cx~ikrlfmö` dc ìrclv bckdm`ìamflac`tc lftmzlv.

! ! !

<.6.6

TC_FC_L JLVC

C` cvtl jlvc vc ~rkfcdmö l ~rkfcvlr tkdl il m`jkralfmö` kotc`mdl l ik ilrbk dc ilv jlvcv l`tcrmkrcv) l jm` dc cilokrlr ilv hm~ötcvmv |sc `kv vmrzl` ~lrl ci ~il`tclamc`tk dci cvtsdmk5 lvmamvak) lvmamvak) vc kotszk kotszk ikv dltkv dc ikv l`ìimvmv dc flimdld flimdld dc lbslv lbslv } l|sciikv rcilfmk`ldkv fk` il flrlftcrmwlfmö` imtkiöbmfl5 m`jkralfmö` |sc vmrzmö ~lrl iicblr l m`jcrc`fmlv fk` rcv~cftk l ikv c`tkr`kv bckiöbmfkv } ikv lbc`tcv akdcildkrcv ~rm`fm~licv |sc m`jis}c` c` vs litcrlfmö` jávmfl } |sáamfl fk`vtl`tc } tca~krli. Jm`liac`tc vc iicblrk` l fk`fisvmk`cv ma~krtl`tcv |sc vk` camtmdlv c` il ~rcvc`tc tcvmv } l il zcw ~rk~k`cr l~imflfmk`cv k actkdkikbálv |sc vmrzc` ~lrl cx~imflr ikv jc`öac`kv dc dmv~crvmö` bck|sáamfl fk` í`jlvmv c` ci tm~k dc wk`l |sc vc cvtì cvtsdml`dk } tlaomí` c`fk`trlr zálv dc vkisfmö` l il frcfmc`tc dcal`dl dc lvs`tkv laomc`tlicv } fk`jimftkv vkfmlicv |sc ~rkoloicac`tc tc`bl s` krmbc` `ltsrli } `k `cfcvlrmlac`tc dcomdk l il lftmzmdld m`dsvtrmli ~rk~mlac`tc dmfhl. <.4 L@TCFCDC@TCV Il wk`l dc cvtsdmk jkral ~lrtc dci fk`gs`tk dc rkflv vcdmac`tlrmlv flrok`ltldlv dc~kvmtldk dsrl`tc ci Gsrìvmfk vs~crmkr) ilv vcfsc`fmlv dc rkflv flrok`ltldlv filvmjmfldlv rcbmk`liac`tc fkak Brs~k ^sflrì) s`mdld imtkcvtrltmbrìjmfl cxtc`dmdl c` brl` ~lrtc dc `scvtrk ~láv } |sc liocrbl asfhlv zcfcv dc~övmtkv am`crlimwldkv fk` fk`tc`mdkv cfk`öamflac`tc m`tcrcvl`tcv } |sc ~kdrál` vcr cx~iktldkv) lftmzmdld |sc ~kdrál vcr rcdmtsloic `k vkik ~lrl ilv fkas`mdldcv ikflimwldlv c` il wk`l vm`k tlaomí` ~scdc bc`crlr ma~lftkv vkfmlicv ~kvmtmzkv fk` rcv~cftk l lftmzmdldcv dc dcvlrrkiik vkvtc`moic. Cxmvtc` dc~övmtkv am`crlicv lvkfmldkv li Brs~k ^sflrì fk` fk`tc`mdkv dc ~ikak) wm`f) ~iltl } krk) dmfhk brs~k cv fk`vmdcrldk fkak s`k dc ikv actliktcftkv fk`trmos}c`tcv l ikv dmzcrvkv dc~övmtkv c`fk`trldkv c` ci ìrcl ~kvtfkrdmiicrl`l.

8




Fkak ~lrtc dci dcvlbùc `ltsrli |sc vc krmbm`l c` ilv ìrclv aìv litlv dc il Fkrdmiicrl dc ikv L`dcv) ci rák Amvhfl `lfc dc il fk`jisc`fml dc dkv |scorldlv dc acdml`k zkisac`) |sc c` vs rcfkrrmdk ltrlzmcvl` wk`lv fk` ~c`dmc`tcv al}krcv l ikv ?>·) fk` ~kdcrcv crkvmzkv al}krcv l ikv dci flsfc |sc krmbm`l`) ~crk |sc l vs zcw fk`trmos}c` li osc` flsdli |sc ci rák Amvhfl vscic ~kvccr) ci |sc cv m`frcac`tldk c` fk`gs`tk fk` ilv akdmjmflfmk`cv dc vsv ~rk~mcdldc ~ rk~mcdldcvv jávmflv } |sáamflv m`trá`vcflv ~kr acdmk dc ilv fk`jisc`fmlv fk` ikv cvfsrrmamc`tkv vs~crjmfmlicv } vsotcrrì`ckv c` tkdk vs rcfkrrmdk. C` ci alrfk dc dc il m`zcvtmblfmö` rclimwldl c` cvtc cvtsdmk vc cilokrl tlaomí` tlaomí` s` fk`gs`tk dc ~rkfcvkv |sc vmrzc` ~lrl c`fk`trlr cx~imflfmk`cv l jc`öac`kv dc dmv~crvmö` |sc krmbm`l` ikv ~rkfcvkv dc trl`v~krtc dc fk`tc`mdkv actìimfkv ikv fslicv asfhlv zcfcv vk` flsvl`tcv dc ikv zlikrcv l`öalikv c`fk`trldkv fsl`dk vc hlfc lftmzmdldcv cx~ikrltkrmlv k fk` jm`cv dc czlislfmö` acdmk laomc`tli) ívtc ÷itmak ~kdrál vcr s` ~rkfcvk asfhk aìv vma~ic vm vc tkalrl c` fsc`tl ik `ltsrli |sc cv ci ~rkfcvk dc dmv~crvmö` bck|sáamfl |sc dcvlrrkiil` ikv zki÷ac`cv hádrmfkv l ik ilrbk dc vsv rcfkrrmdkv ~kr ikv ca~ilwlamc`tkv ca~ilwlamc`tkv imtkiöbmfkv.

=




FL^ÁTSIK MM BC@C_LIMDLDCV Ilv flrlftcrávtmflv jmvmkbrìjmflv dci tcrrmtkrmk ~crsl`k hl` vsjrmdk akdmjmflfmk`cv dsrl`tc amiik`cv dc lükv |sc hl` dldk l isblr l ilv dmvtm`tlv rcbmk`cv |sc flrlftcrmwl` l `scvtrk lftsli rcimczc (Fhlil) ]s`bl) \scfhsl) \scfhsl) ctf.-) dmfhkv jc`öac`kv j c`öac`kv dc dmvtm`tkv krábc`cv hl` kfsrrmdk c` dmzcrvlv wk`lv dc il fkrtcwl) }l vcl` ~kr ~rkfcvkv vs~crjmfmlicv dc fkrtl dsrlfmö` lvá fkak vsovs~crjmfmlicv |sc m`zkisfrl` ~crmkdkv dc tmca~k fk` rl`bkv } ìrclv dc m`jisc`fmlv al}krcv. Flrlftcrmwldl ~kr ~rcvc`tlr rcimczcv fk`trlvtl`tcv) ci ìrcl dc cvtsdmk zlrml c` litmtsdcv |sc vs~crl` ikv 6>>> hlvtl ikv 68>> avà } c` rcfkrrmdkv |sc vs~crl` ikv ?> ea) ltrlzcvl`dk wk`lv fk` rkflv dc dmvtm`tl `ltsrlicwl) }l vcl áb`cl k vcdmac`tlrml. ?.< SOMFLFMÖ@ DCI Ì_CL DC CVTSDMK Il fsc`fl dci _ák Amvhfl vc càlrfl ~kiátmflac`tc c` il gsrmvdmffmö` dci Dc~lrtlac`tk dc L}lfsfhk) c` il ^rkzm`fml Záftkr Jlglrdk) Dmvtrmtk Fl`lrmlv. C` ilv cvtrmolfmk`cv l ik ilrbk dci rák Amvhfl vc c`fsc`trl` ilv fkas`mdldcv fla~cvm`lv dc L~k`bk) Tlfl) S}sfflvl } Fl`lrml (L`cxk >37 îl`k ><--. Ci ìrcl dc cvtsdmk vc somfl bckbrìjmflac`tc c` il wk`l <8 Vsr dc lfscrdk li DLTSA ^VLD 3: dci vmvtcal dc fkkrdc`ldlv STA (S`mzcrvli Trl`vzcrvli Acrfltkr-. C` ci Fsldrk @· ?.< ?.< vc ascvtrl ci fk`gs`tk fk`gs`tk dc dltkv l`limwldkv l`limwldkv l ~lrtmr dc ilv ilv ascvtrlv dc lbsl tkaldlv c` ci krmbc` dci rák Amvhfl c` ci alrfk dci cvtsdmk hmdrkbck|sáamfk c` ci rák. C` il jmbsrl @· ?.< vc ascvtrl il somflfmö` dmvtrmtli } ~rkzm`fmli dc il wk`l cvtsdmldl. Fsldrk @· ?.<7 Fkkrdc`ldlv _cjcrc`fmlicv ^VLD 3: STA ^S@TK Cvtc @krtc Dcvfrm~fmö` \scorldl _lglsrc) _lglsrc) lbslv lrrmol dc vs M@MFMK :<>:28 843<26: fk`jisc`fml fk` il |scorldl Alrflfhltl _ák Vk`dk`dk) lbslv lolgk dc il JM@LI :?><23 843?=>= fk`jisc`fml fk` ci ci _ák Amvhfl Amvhfl

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CL^ M@BC@MC_ÁL M@BC@M C_ÁL BCKIÖBMFL JMBAAB!S@AVA

L@ÌIMVMV HMD_KBCK\SÁAM FK DCI _ÁK AMVHFL

Jmbsrl @· ?.<7 Somflfmö` dc il fsc`fl cvtsdmldl

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OFH. AL_EK CDSL_DK FLVTL FLVTL CDL WLZLICTL WLZLICTL


L@ÌIMVMV HMD_KBCK\SÁAMFK DCI _ÁK AMVHFL

?.? LFFCVMOMIMDLD Ci lffcvk li ìrcl dci ~rk}cftk) rclimwì`dkil ~kr zál tcrrcvtrc) dcvdc Imal) vc cjcft÷l l trlzív il flrrctcrl ^l`lacrmfl`l Vsr hlvtl il ikflimdld dc Vl` Ficac`tc (^mvfk-. Iscbk vc fk`tm`÷l ~kr s`l zál lvjlitldl) c` dmrcffmö` Cvtc) fk`kfmdl fkak Zál Ikv Imocrtldkrcv) hlvtl il fmsdld dc Hslal`bl) fsormc`dk s`l ik`bmtsd dc 33> ea. Vc fk`tm`÷l acdml`tc s`l flrrctcrl ljmraldl |sc s`c ilv ikflimdldcv dc Fk`dkrffkfhl) Akrkfhsfkv) ^la~l Fl`bliik) Fl`bliik) Hsl`fl~m) Fl`lrml } Tlfl fsormc`dk s`l dmvtl`fml ldmfmk`li dc ?>> ea. Cxmvtc ktrl jkral dc lffcdcr) acdml`tc il ^l`lacrmfl`l Vsr) hlvtl iicblr hlfml @lwfl) iscbk cxmvtc s` dcvzák dcvzák acdml`tc il zál |sc |sc fk`dsfc hlfml ^s|smk5 iscbk iscbk ktrk dcvzák c` il acvctl fkrdmiicrl`l l trlzív dc s`l trkfhl flrrkwloic (c` libs`lv wk`lv


L@ÌIMVMV HMD_KBCK\SÁAMFK DCI _ÁK AMVHFL

?.? LFFCVMOMIMDLD Ci lffcvk li ìrcl dci ~rk}cftk) rclimwì`dkil ~kr zál tcrrcvtrc) dcvdc Imal) vc cjcft÷l l trlzív il flrrctcrl ^l`lacrmfl`l Vsr hlvtl il ikflimdld dc Vl` Ficac`tc (^mvfk-. Iscbk vc fk`tm`÷l ~kr s`l zál lvjlitldl) c` dmrcffmö` Cvtc) fk`kfmdl fkak Zál Ikv Imocrtldkrcv) hlvtl il fmsdld dc Hslal`bl) fsormc`dk s`l ik`bmtsd dc 33> ea. Vc fk`tm`÷l acdml`tc s`l flrrctcrl ljmraldl |sc s`c ilv ikflimdldcv dc Fk`dkrffkfhl) Akrkfhsfkv) ^la~l Fl`bliik) Fl`bliik) Hsl`fl~m) Fl`lrml } Tlfl fsormc`dk s`l dmvtl`fml ldmfmk`li dc ?>> ea. Cxmvtc ktrl jkral dc lffcdcr) acdml`tc il ^l`lacrmfl`l Vsr) hlvtl iicblr hlfml @lwfl) iscbk cxmvtc s` dcvzák dcvzák acdml`tc il zál |sc |sc fk`dsfc hlfml ^s|smk5 iscbk iscbk ktrk dcvzák c` il acvctl fkrdmiicrl`l l trlzív dc s`l trkfhl flrrkwloic (c` libs`lv wk`lv cv ljmraldl-) dmrmbmí`dkvc hlvtl ikv ~koildkv dc L~k`bk } Fl`lrmlv) lircdcdkrcv dci ìrcl dc cvtsdmk (Fsldrk @· ?.?-. Fsldrk @· ?.?7 Lffcvmomimdld l il wk`l dc cvtsdmk DMVTL@FML FL__CTC_L HK_LV T_LAK (EAImal ‖ @lwfl 43> Lvjlitldl : @lwfl!Dcvzák 86 Lvjlitldl ? Dcvzák!^la~l Blicrlv <3> Ljmraldl 6 ^la~l Blicrlv!Lrcl dc Cvtsdmk <> Ljmraldl ? ?.6 FIMAL Ilv flrlftcrávtmflv fimaìtmflv dc il wk`l fkrdmiicrl`l vc flrlftcrmwl` ~kr ~kvccr l`mvktrk~ál dc jrcfsc`fmlv) vmc`dk ~rcdkam`l`tcac`tc tca~ildk k iiszmkvk akdcrldk c` ikv acvcv dc Lormi l @kzmcaorc. Il tca~krldl dc iiszmlv aìv jscrtcv vc ~rkdsfc c`trc ikv acvcv dc `kzmcaorc } alrwk) dcfrcfmc`dk ilv m`tc`vmdldcv iiszmkvlv c` ci acv dc lormi5 c` ilv wk`lv aìv litlv dc il fsc`fl) fkak c` L~k`bk k Tlflv) ci fimal cv asfhk aìv vcfk } jrák. Czlisl`dk il m`jkralfmö` actckrkiöbmfl l `mzci rcbmk`li) ci ìrcl dci ~rk}cftk) vcb÷` il filvmjmflfmö` dc Ek~c` ~kvcc s` fimal dc litl ak`tlül fk` flrlftcrávtmflv jrálv (fimal jrák jrá k k okrcli-) flrlftcrávtmfk dc ikv zliicv acvkl`dm`kv c`trc ikv 6>>> } 4>>> avà. Cvtc fimal ~rcvc`tl fkak rlvbk js`dlac`tli ~rcfm~mtlfmk`cv l`slicv ~rkacdmk dc 2>> aa } tca~crltsrlv acdmlv l`slicv dc




c`tkr`k |sc hl vmdk akdcildk ~kr ikv ~rkfcvkv dc bckdm`ìamfl fk` krábc`cv c` il lftmzmdld tcftö`mfl |sc vsjrc ci fk`tm`c`tc vsdlacrmfl`k l rláw dci fk`tlftk vsodsftmzk fk` il îlfl dc @lwfl } tlaomí` ~kr acdmk dc ikv ~rkfcvkv akdcildkrcv dci c`tkr`k vs~crjmfmlicv) fkak vk` ilv iiszmlv) ikv drc`lgcv) ilv zlrmlfmk`cv fimaìtmflv cxtrcalv } ktrkv. Il litsrl aìxmal k fktl dc krmbc` cvtì l 432> avà) c` il |scorldl _lglsrc) flsfc krmbm`lrmk dci rák Amvhfl) |sc l s`l fktl dc ?=3> actrkv) drc`l hlfml ci rák r ák Vk`dk`dk. Ci rcfkrrmdk tktli dci rák Amvhfl cv dc <> emiöactrkv) fk` s`l ~c`dmc`tc ~rkacdmk dc <6.2?#) lolrfl`dk s`l fsc`fl dc l~rkxmaldlac`tc ?3.<< ea ?. Ci fc`trk ~koildk aìv fcrfl`k li ìrcl dci ~rk}cftk cv ci L`cxk dc _lffl}l) somfldk hlfml il alrbc` dcrcfhl dci rák Amvhfl) c` il ~lrtc litl dc il fsc`fl. ?.3 HMD_KB_LJÁL Ikv flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv cvtsdmldkv c` il wk`l vk` ikv vmbsmc`tcv7 ?.3.<

_ÁK AMVHFL.

Ci rák Amvhfl `lfc dc il fk`jisc`fml dc ikv rákv _lglsrc } Alrflfhltl (tlaomí` iilaldk Fhs|sm~stl-) drc`l`dk s` ìrcl dc > avà fk` s`l ~c`dmc`tc dc <>#. C` bc`crli) ilv ildcrlv ca~m`ldlv dc ilv ak`tlülv } ikv vscikv dc olgl ~craclomimdld c`fk`trldkv c` laolv aìrbc`cv dci rák Amvhfl tmc`dc` l ~rkakzcr il cvfkrrc`tál c` isblr dc il m`jmitrlfmö`) ~rcvc`tl`dk ~kfl cvfkrrc`tál vs~crjmfmli k rcflrbl dc lbsl vsotcrrì`cl dsrl`tc il tca~krldl vcfl. Vc cvtmal |sc ci jisgk olvc dci rák Amvhfl } il |scorldl Vlffiil`m dsrl`tc il cvtlfmö` vcfl ~rkzmc`c ~rm`fm~liac`tc dc jmitrlfmk`cv } al`l`tmlicv5 dc`trk dc cvtl amfrkfsc`fl vc ca~ilwl` ktrlv |scorldlv } rákv ma~krtl`tcv |sc vc dcvfrmoc` l fk`tm`slfmö`. ?.3.?

\SCO_LDL _LGLS_C

Dc`trk dci ljisc`tc dc il |scorldl _lglsrc vc ~rkdsfc ci `lfmamc`tk dc il amfrkfsc`fl Amvhfl ~kr il fk`jisc`fml dc ilv |scorldlv _lglsrc } Alrflfhltl.

<6




C` vs rcfkrrmdk aìv ilrbk rc~rcvc`tl <<.>4 ea c` dmrcffmö` dc `krkcvtc l vsrcvtc) vs rcimczc vc dl c` jkral rldmli tc`mc`dk s`l tc`dc`fml dc fk`fc`trlr aìv ilv iiszmlv fk` s`l ~c`dmc`tc dc <4#5 vs jmvmkbrljál cv lors~tl } lffmdc`tldl) lolrfl`dk s` ìrcl dc 48.6 ea?. ?.3.6

\SCO_LDL AL_FLFHLTL

Ljisc`tc m`mfmli dc il fsc`fl) li c`fk`trlr fk`jisc`fml fk` il |scorldl _lglsrc dl` m`mfmk li flsfc ~rm`fm~li dci rák Amvhfl. Il |scorldl Alrflfhltl tmc`c s`l krmc`tlfmö` dcvdc ci vsrkcvtc hlfml ci `krcvtc) vsrbc ~kr il alrbc` dcrcfhl dci rák Amvhfl) ~kvcc ldcaìv s`l ~rk`s`fmldl ~c`dmc`tc vs~crl`dk flvm ikv :>· dc m`fim`lfmö`) il |scorldl Alrflfhltl ~kvcc s` fsrvk mrrcbsilr } vsv v sv al}krcv flsdlicv vc ~~rkdsfc` rkdsfc` c` ctl~lv dc iiszmlv) krmbm`ì`dkvc dc~övmtkv |sc c` il olvc ~rcvc`tl` oik|scv al}krcv l ikv ? actrkv dc dmìactrk) ldcaìv dc fl`tkv) brlzlv } lrc`l. ?.3.4

\SCO_LDL ^LA^L@L

Il |scorldl ^la~l`l tmc`c vsv `lfmc`tcv l~rkxmaldlac`tc l ikv 46>> avà } dmvfsrrc fk` s` rsaok bc`crlimwldk dc vsrkcvtc l `krcvtc. `k rcvtc. C` vs rcfkrrmdk aìv ilrbk ci tkrrc`tc lolrfl <<.:3 ea) ci rcimczc dc il |scorldl ^la~l`l ~rcvc`tl s` lv~cftk dc jkral lilrbldl fk` jk`dk ~rkjs`dk } s`l ~c`dmc`tc ~rk`s`fmldl dc <>#5 il jmvmkbrljál vc ~rcvc`tl cvflr~ldl } lors~tl fk` s` ìrcl dc 4?.8 ea?. ?.3.3

\SCO_LDL VLFFIIL@M.

Il amfrkfsc`fl dc il |scorldl Vlffiil`m tmc`c s` ìrcl dc 2.:: ea ? zcrtmc`dk vsv lbslv li rák Amvhfl dc @krkcvtc l Vsrcvtc hlvtl il dmzmvkrml jkraldk ~kr ci Fcrrk Lffkiil } ci Fcrrk Vl}lf) rcfmomc`dk ci l~krtc dc il |scorldl Flül}~la~l) il amval |sc dmvfsrrc c` dmrcffmö` vsr dcvdc s`l litsrl dc 6?3> avà Il |scorldl Vlffiil`m `lfc c` il litsrl 6226 avà l~rkxmaldlac`tc. Hlvtl vs fk`jisc`fml fk` ci rák Amvhfl tmc`c s`l ik`bmtsd dc l~rkxmaldlac`tc 3.6 ea } s`l ~c`dmc`tc dc ?:#. ?.: LV^CFTK OMÖTMFK ?.:.<

WK@LV DC ZMDL

Ilv cfkrrcbmk`cv vk` ìrclv bckbrìjmflv |sc vc flrlftcrmwl` ~kr ci amvak fimal) ikv vscikv) ilv fk`dmfmk`cv hmdrkiöbmflv) il jikrl } jls`l) cv dcfmr |sc vk` rcbmk`cv dk`dc ikv jlftkrcv acdmklaomc`tlicv } cfkiöbmfkv vk` ikv amvakv } vc c`fsc`trl` c` cvtrcfhl m`tcrdc~c`dc`fml (Orlfe) ?>>>-.

<4




Ilv wk`lv dc zmdl cv s` fk`fc~tk |sc vc jsc ~rk~scvtk m`mfmliac`tc ~kr Hkidrmdbc (<=42-) |smc` dmk l fk`kfcr s`l tckrál ~lrl il dctcram`lfmö` dc ilv jkralfmk`cv zcbctlicv ~lrtmc`dk dc dltkv fimaìtmfkv. Il filvmjmflfmö` ~rk~scvtl vc dmvtm`bsc ~kr|sc dcjm`c c` jkral fsl`tmtltmzl il rcilfmö` |sc cxmvtc c` ci krdc` `ltsrli) c`trc ikv ~rm`fm~licv jlftkrcv fimaìtmfkv fimaìtmfkv } il zcbctlfmö`. Vc fk`vmdcrl` ’jlftkrcv m`dc~c`dmc`tcv‑ il omktca~crltsrl) il ~rcfm~mtlfmö` } il hsacdld laomc`tli) amc`trlv |sc ikv jlftkrcv omötmfkv vk` fk`vmdcrldkv fkak ’dc~c`dmc`tcv‑ vsokrdm`ldkv li fimal. Krmbm`liac`tc) Hkidrmdbc dc`kam`ö vsv s`mdldcv omkfimaìtmflv ’jkralfmk`cv‑) k ’jkralfmk`cv zcbctlicv‑) ~lvl`dk iscbk l il dc`kam`lfmö` dc wk`lv dc zmdl) |sc cv il |sc vc stmimwl lftsliac`tc. C` olvc li vmvtcal Hkidrmdbc) Tkvm (<=:>- ~soimfö ilv Wk`lv dc Zmdl @ltsrli dci ^cr÷) } K@C_@ (<=2:- ~soimfö il ~rmacrl zcrvmö` dci Al~l Cfkiöbmfk dci ^cr÷. Vcb÷` ci Al~l Cfkiöbmfk dci ^cr÷) il wk`l dc cvtsdmk cvtì somfldl dc`trk dc il _cbmö` Iltmtsdm`li Vsotrk~mfli ?.:.?

JIK_L

Il zcbctlfmö` vc c`fsc`trl s`mjkracac`tc dmvtrmosmdl c` tkdl il cxtc`vmö` dc il ~c`dmc`tc) l÷` c` ilv wk`lv litlv } c` ilv aìv olglv } ~rkjs`dlv. Ilv cv~cfmcv dkam`l`tcv vk`7 vk`7 flftìfclv dc dmzcrvkv tm~kv) akiicv } brlaá`clv. C` ci fsldrk fsldrk @· ?.6 vc ~rcvc`tl s`l imvtl dc ilv cv~cfmcv mdc`tmjmfldlv. Fsldrk @· ?.67 Imvtl dc Cv~cfmcv Zcbctlicv Mdc`tmjmfldlv CV^CFMC @KAO_C FKA×@

<3

^hlvckisv zsiblrmv

Jrcgki

Vkil`sa tsocrkvsa

^l~l

Trmtmfsa v~

Trmbk

Hkrdcsa vltmzsa

Fcoldl

Wcl Al}v

Alm w

Vlaosfsv ~crszml`l

Vlsfk

Fmtrsv zsiblrmv

@lrl`gl

Flrmfl v~.

^l~l}l vmizcvtrc

M`bl v~.

Bslol

Bkvv}~msa hcrolfcsa

Libkdö`

Is~m`sv astlomimv

Tlrhsm




CV^CFMC

@KAO_C FKA×@

^kdkflr~sv v~.

Brlal

Flilalbkvtrmv v~.

Brlal

Vtm~l v~~.

Brlal

Jsc`tc7 CML Am`l Fltlim`l Hsl`fl (?>>8-. ?.:.6

JLS@L

Il jls`l vmizcvtrc cv cvflvl } kflvmk`li il fsli cvtì á`tmalac`tc imbldl l ilv lvkfmlfmk`cv zcbctlicv cxmvtc`tcv. L fk`tm`slfmö` vc ~rcvc`tl s`l imvtl dc ilv cv~cfmcv mdc`tmjmfldlv c` ikv Fsldrkv @· ?.4 } ?.3. Fsldrk @· ?.47 Imvtl dc Cv~cfmcv dc Lzcv Mdc`tmjmfldlv CV^CFMC

@KAO_C FKAS@

Fm`fikdcv jsvfsv

Fhsrrctc fkrdmiicrl`k

^ltlbk`ml bmblv

^mfljikr bmbl`tc

Tmtk liol

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Actliisrl ~hkcoc

^mfljikr

Acblfcr}ic v~.

Alrtm` ~cvfldkr

Osok v~.

Oshk

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S@MDLDCV BCKAK_JKIÖBMFLV BCKAK_JKIÖBMFLV

WK@L DC T_L@VMFMÖ@ ACVCTL!ZLIIC Fk` litmtsdcv vs~crmkrcv l ikv 68>> avà) cv il wk`l dc limac`tlfmö` hádrmfl dci ìrcl dc cvtsdmk) vc flrlftcrmwl ~kr tc`cr jscrtcv ~c`dmc`tcv) fk` ì`bsikv dc m`fim`lfmö` al}krcv l ikv 4>¾) cxmvtc` brl`dcv wk`lv dk`dc vc rclimwl il lffmö` crkvmzl dc ilv iiszmlv) |sc dcomdk l il jlitl dc fka~lftlfmö` dci altcrmli fsltcr`lrmk) al}krac`tc lrfmiilv } vscikv ~kfk fk`vkimdldkv) vc dcjkral` } dcjm`c` fìrflzlv) fk` rmcvbkv litkv dc dcrrsaocv) dcvimwlamc`tkv } cxmvtc`fmlv dc wk`lv dc fk`tlftk) rclffmk`l`tcv l`tc il vltsrlfmö` dc lbsl (zcr jmbsrl @· ?.?-. Il al}kr ~lrtc dci tcrrc`k cvtì fsomcrtl dc zcbctlfmö`) ik |sc dc lib÷` akdk ma~mdc il lfcicrlfmö` dci ~rkfcvk crkvmzk) ~kr ~lrtc dc ilv lbslv. Cxmvtc` |scorldlv) flsfcv dc lbsl rcfmc`tcv) |sc c` vsv icfhkv fk`tmc`c` oik|scv rkfkvkv brl`dcv al}krcv l ikv ? actrkv dc dmìactrk) ~rkzc`mc`tcv dc ilv wk`lv aìv litlv) dc zlrmldl imtkikbál (zcr jmbsrl @· ?.6-. WK@L DC ZLIIC Dcjm`mdk ~kr ikv flsfcv dc ikv rákv |sc ~rcvc`tl` jkralv c` ’Z‑) cv s`l wk`l dc dcomimdld c` il |sc ilv fk`dmfmk`cv dci tcrrc`k) jlfmimtl` ci rì~mdk trl`v~krtc dc ikv altcrmlicv) dcomdk l il ~c`dmc`tc) |sc cv ac`kr c` ilv wk`lv dk`dc ci l`fhk dc ikv flsfcv ca~mcwl l lsac`tlr.

<2




Jmbsrl @· ?.?7 ? .?7 Wk`l dc Trl`vmfmö` Acvctl!Zliic

Jmbsrl @· ?.67 Oik|scv rkfkvkv c` ci icfhk dc il |scorldl _lglsrc C` ci icfhk dc ikv rákv vc kovcrzl` altcrmlicv c` oik|scv dc `ltsrlicwl brl`átmfl) flifìrcl) lrc`mvfkvl } kflvmk`liac`tc zkifì`mfkv) ~rkzc`mc`tc dc ilv wk`lv aìv litlv) ik |sc m`dmfl ctl~lv dc al}kr zkisac` dc iiszmlv } al}kr ~kdcr crkvmzk } dc trl`v~krtc dc ikv rákv. @k cxmvtc` brl`dcv tcrrlwlv jiszmlicv) ~kr trltlrvc dc s`l wk`l fk` jscrtcv ~c`dmc`tcv) ~rkoloicac`tc vc tc`bl ~rcvc`fml dc cvtlv tcrrlwlv c` ilv wk`lv dc ~c`dmc`tcv ac`krcv) fk` ikv l`fhkv dc ikv flsfcv tlaomí` aìv la~imkv)

<8




dk`dc vc ~kdrál dcfmr |sc cxmvtc` oik|scv rcbsilrcv) fk` al}kr trl`v~krtc } vcfsc`fmlv vcdmac`tlrmlv vcdmac`tlrmlv fk` cvtrltkv omc` omc` dcjm`mdkv } filvmjmfldkv. filvmjmfldkv. ?.2.?

JLFTK_CV BCKAK_JKIÖBMFKV BCKAK_JKIÖBMFKV

Ci ìrcl dc trlolgkv hl vmdk akdcildl ~kr dmvtm`tkv ~rkfcvkv) ikv fslicv hl` vmdk fk`dmfmk`ldkv ~kr ikv vmbsmc`tcv jlftkrcv7 TK^KB_LJÁL Ci rcimczc cv ci jlftkr frátmfk dc`trk dc ikv jc`öac`kv dc bckdm`ìamfl cxtcr`l) ~kr fsl`dk dctcram`l il lffmö` dc ilv jscrwlv lftsl`tcv vkorc ci tcrrc`k) fkak vk` il brlzcdld } ikv fmfikv tcftö`mfkv. Il wk`l dc cvtsdmk ~kvcc s`l tk~kbrljál as} zlrmloic) fk` s`l ~c`dmc`tc fk`vmdcrloic } vcffmk`ldl k fkrtldl ~kr zliicv } k amfrkzliicv) ik |sc ~kdrál dcjm`mril fkak s`l wk`l rmcvbkvl } dc~c`dmc`dk dc il zsi`crlomimdld } somflfmö` dc ~koildkv) ~koildkv) s`l wk`l litlac`tc ~cimbrkvl. IMTKIKBÁL C` il wk`l il `ltsrlicwl dc ilv rkflv |sc fk`jmbsrl` ci c`tkr`k `ltsrli dctcram`l il ~cimbrkvmdld dc il wk`l) tkal`dk c` fsc`tl |sc s`l rkfl l il |sc ci tmca~k) il crkvmö` } ikv lbc`tcv tcftö`mfkv) il hl` ljcftldk c` brl` acdmdl) cvtlrì ltc`mdl l ~rkfcvkv dc jrlftsrlamc`tk } vkorc tkdk l akzmamc`tkv fk` al}kr jlfmimdld |sc s`l alfmwk rkfkvk litlac`tc fka~lftk } fka~ctc`tc. TC__C@KV @K FK@VKIMDLDKV Vc ~kdrál m`jcrmr |sc cvtkv altcrmlicv vk` ~rkdsftkv vcfs`dlrmkv jrstk dc ikv lbc`tcv bckdm`ìamflv |sc dkam`l` li ~il`ctl) } dc lfscrdk li tm~k dc rkfl aldrc dci |sc ~rkzmc`c`) vc dcjm`c` vsv flrlftcrávtmflv fkak c`tcv akdcildkrcv dci c`tkr`k) c` il wk`l) il `ltsrlicwl dc cvtkv altcrmlicv cv lrfmiikvkv) imakvkv } c` libs`lv ~lrtcv lrc`kvkv } flifìrckv. ?.2.6

LBC@TCV BCKAK_JKIÖBMFKV. BCKAK_JKIÖBMFKV.

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Jmbsrl Jmbsr l @· ?.47 ^koildk L~k`bk cx~scvtk l lolrrl`flamc`tkv lolrrl`flam c`tkv } fìrflzlv fìrflzlv Tkal`dk c` fsc`tl cvtkv jlftkrcv } l ikv lbc`tcv lbc`tcv cxöbc`kv) vc ~kdrál` m`jcrmr ikv vmbsmc`tcv rmcvbkv l fk`vmdcrlr } l ~rczc`mr fkak acdmdl dc ~rcflsfmö` ~lrl czmtlr ~cimbrkv k czc`tkv dcvljkrts`ldkv ikv vmbsmc`tcv. ! ! ! !

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FL^ÁTSIK MMM AL_FK BCKIÖBMFK 6.< LV^CFTKV BCKIÖBMFK BCKIÖBMFKV V _CBMK@LICV _CBMK@LICV Il Fkrdmiicrl dc ikv L`dcv vc c`fsc`trl c` ci okrdc kffmdc`tli dc Vsdlaírmfl) fk`vtmts}c s`l dc ilv fldc`lv ak`tlükvlv aìv cxtc`vl dci ~il`ctl) fkak fk`vcfsc`fml dc il vsodsffmö` dc il îlfl dc @lwfl olgk il ~ilfl vsdlacrmfl`l. Il Fkrdmiicrl dc ikv L`dcv vc vsodmzmdc c` trcv vcftkrcv7 ikv L`dcv dci `krtc) Fc`trlicv } dci vsr. Ikv L`dcv fc`trlicv vc cxtmc`dc` dcvdc 3 l 66· iltmtsd Vsr) ~rcvc`tl s`l jkral lr|scldl (Krkfim`k Okimzml`k- } fka~rc`dc trcv vcbac`tkv ma~krtl`tcv7 ^cr÷ Fc`trli) Litm~il`k ! ^s`l } ilv ^c`miil`srlv ‖ Acvctlv dci Vsr) cvtkv vcbac`tkv cvtì` dcjm`mdkv ~kr ci ì`bsik dc vsodsffmö` dc il îlfl kfcì`mfl dc @lwfl olgk il îlfl Vsdlacrmfl`l (zcr jmbsrl @· 6.<-. Ci ~lmvlgc lftsli czkisfmk`ö l trlzív dc il m`tcrlffmö` c`trc ~rkfcvkv tcftö`mfkv } dc`sdlfmö` dc cvtkv vcbac`tkv cvtrsftsrlicv ~kr aìv dc <:> Al) tmca~k dsrl`tc ci fsli kfsrrmcrk` `ktloicv flaomkv fimaìtmfkv bikolicv } rcbmk`licv fkak ikv iáamtcv aìv dmvtlicv dc hmcik c` ci Hcamvjcrmk @krtc) il cx~l`vmö` dc dc ikv bilfmlrcv l`dm`kv l`tcv dc ilv dkv dkv ÷itmalv bilfmlfmk`cv } il tcftö`mfl dci Lfk`flbsl |sc bc`crö iiszmlv c` ci cvtc) ciczl`dk il iá`cl dc `mczc.

Jmbsrl @· 6.<7 6 .<7 Dmvtrmosfmö` Bckbrìjmfl dc ikv L`dcv Jsc`tc7 Lrbkiik (?>>:-) Lv~cftkv Bckiöbmfkv dc ikv L`dcv

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Il wk`l dc cvtsdmk vc c`fsc`trl c`filzldl c` ik |sc vc fk`vmdcrl jlvc m`tcrl`dm`l k dc trl`vmfmö` c`trc ci ~rm`fm~li fscr~k iczl`tldk } il krmc`tli acvctl litm~iì`mfl) ~kr ik |sc ~rcvc`tl flrlftcrávtmflv rcvlitl`tcv dc laolv wk`lv. Il czkisfmö` l`dm`l hl bc`crldk tlaomí` fka~icgkv fscr~kv m`trsvmzkv lfka~lüldkv dc ~rkfcvkv dc am`crlimwlfmö`) ikv fslicv hl` l~rkzcfhldk ilv dcjkralfmk`cv ~rkbrcvmzlv |sc ikv fscr~kv rkfkvkv ~rccxmvtc`tcv hloál` vsjrmdk ~lrl ca~ilwlrvc } somflrvc c` ìrclv |sc l zcfcv vkorcvlic` } vc ascvtrl` tli fsli c` vs~crjmfmc5 } ktrlv zcfcv as} fcrfl dc ciilv) ~kr ik |sc bc`crliac`tc il Fkrdmiicrl dc ikv L`dcv k wk`lv licdlülv l ívtl ~rcvc`tl` zki÷ac`cv am`crlimwldkv fk` ~kvmomimdldcv dc vcr cx~ikrldkv } ~kvtcrmkrac`tc cx~iktldkv dc lfscrdk tlaomí` l il jlftmomimdld dc c`fk`trlr oc`cjmfmkv cfk`öamfkv ~kr il cgcfsfmö` dc cvtkv trlolgkv cxtrlftmzkv. C` ci ìrcl cvtsdmldl ljikrl` dc~övmtkv ~crtc`cfmc`tcv l s`l ilrbl fldc`l dc czkisfmö` bckiöbmfl |sc vc dltl dcvdc ci ^lickwkmfk vs~crmkr) fk` ikv dc~övmtkv dci Brs~k Amts) kfsrrc`fml |sc dciltl s`l wk`l fcrfl`l l s`l fsc`fl cxtc`vl |sc fk` ci dczc`mr dci tmca~k vsjrmö ctl~lv dc iczl`tlamc`tk } vsovmdc`fmlv vcfsc`fmlicv5 cvtk olvì`dk`kv tlaomí` c` il vmbsmc`tc l~lrmfmö` dc s`mdldcv flrok`ltldlv fk` fmcrtlv litcr`l`fmlv imaklrfmiikvlv) fkrrcv~k`dmc`tcv l ilv vcfsc`fmlv ^sflrì } Fhs`sal}k) asfhk aìv ~s`tslicv } c`jkfldlv dc`trk dc s`l fsc`fl trl`|smil) l il |sc ic vkorczm`k vk orczm`k s`l ctl~l dc tcftk`mvak rcbmk`li ~rkoloicac`tc al}kr) ca~ilwì`dkvc ~kvtcrmkrac`tc dc~övmtkv dc `ltsrlicwl m`trsvmzl lfka~lüldkv dc am`crlimwlfmö` c` zlrmlv ctl~lv. 6.? LV^CFTKV BCKIÖBMFK BCKIÖBMFKV V IKFLICV C` il wk`l cvtsdmldl ljikrl` rkflv dc `ltsrlicwl vcdmac`tlrml fkrrcv~k`dmc`tcv l ikv fmfikv dc dc~kvmtlfmö` fkrrcv~k`dmc`tcv l ikv altcrmlicv zkifì`mfkv!vcdmac`tlrmkv dci Brs~k Amts5 lvá fkak tlaomí` dc~övmtkv rkfkvkv dc `ltsrlicwl aìv jm`l fkrrcv~k`dmc`tcv l il Jkralfmö` Fk`dkrvm`bl (m`fismdl dc`trk dc ik |sc vmb`mjmfl rcbmk`liac`tc ci Brs~k ^sflrì- } il Jkralfmö` Fhs`sal}k) c~mvkdmkv vcdmac`tlrmkv c` ikv |sc il czkisfmö` imtkcvtrltmbrìjmfl hl vmdk ljcftldl ~kr m`trsvmk`cv dlfátmflv fk` am`crlimwlfmö`5 ldcaìv dc il fk`jkralfmö` dc jrl`glv cvtrsftsrlicv ~kvtcrmkrac`tc am`crlimwldlv (zcr jmbsrl @· 6.? } L`cxk >37 îl`k >6-.

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Jmbsrl @· 6.?7 Al~l Bckiöbmfk Ikfli dc il wk`l dc cvtsdmk 6.6 CVT_LTMB_LJÁL Il bckikbál dci vcftkr cvtì fk`jkraldl ~kr rkflv vcdmac`tlrmlv dci ^craml`k vs~crmkr (^lickwkmfk- } dci Trmìvmfk ‖ Gsrìvmfk m`jcrmkr (Acvkwkmfk- rc~rcvc`tldlv ~kr ikv brs~kv Amts Amts } ^sflrì rcv~cftmzlac`tc. _cbmk`liac`tc _cbmk`liac`tc cvtlv s`mdldcv s`mdldcv rkfkvlv vc c`fsc`trl` fk`jkral`dk s`l jrl`gl dc dmrcffmö` bc`crli @K ‖ VC (L`cxk >37 îl`k >6-. C` il wk`l cxmvtc` dc~övmtkv krmbm`ldkv c` fsc`flv trl`|smilv) fk` altcrmlicv krbì`mfkv vcdmac`tldkv m`tcrflildkv fk` ktrkv altcrmlicv jm`kv } brscvkv c` ìrclv k

?6




c`tkr`kv imamtldkv) ~kvtcrmkrac`tc fka~lftldkv) litcrldkv) m`trsmdkv) iczl`tldkv } jm`liac`tc crkvmk`ldkv) fkak l|sciikv fk`jkral`tcv dci Brs~k Amts (hlfml il olvc-) il Jkralfmö` Fk`dkrvm`bl (Brs~k ^sflrì-) il Jkralfmö` Fhs`sal}k } Dc~övmtkv Fsltcr`lrmkv) |sc lftsliac`tc ik c`fk`trlakv c` il wk`l cvtsdmldl ~lrl ci ~rcvc`tc cvtsdmk c` fktlv |sc vs~crl` ikv 6>>> avà. Il wk`l cvtsdmldl ~kvcc tlaomí` dc~övmtkv fsltcr`lrmkv dc krmbc` fkiszmli } fkiszmk`li fsomcrtkv c` brl` ~lrtc ~kr zcbctlfmö`) m`tcrfliì`dkvc altcrmlicv imakvkv) lrc`kvkv } lrfmiikvkv krmbm`ldkv c` ilv wk`lv aìv litlv dk`dc ljikrl` rkflv dc dmvtm`tl `ltsrlicwl) hlomí`dkvc hlomí`dkvc c`fk`trldk tlaomí` tlaomí` altcrmlicv dc~kvmtldkv dc~kvmtldkv c` il iil`srl dc dc m`s`dlfmö` dc ikv rákv fk` flrlftcrávtmflv bc`ítmflv dmvtm`tlv) krmbm`ldlv l ~lrtmr dci akzmamc`tk dc ilv lbslv l trlzív dc flsfcv `kralicv } ktrkv jkraldkv c` í~kflv dc al}krcv lzc`mdlv fimaìtmflv) l al`crl dc liszmk`cv } hsl}fkv) c`fk`trì`dkvc c` cvtlv wk`lv altcrmlicv dctrátmfkv dc tlalük dmzcrvk } fk` jkralv tá~mflv dc il lorlvmö` jiszmli) ~simac`tldlv) rcdk`dcldlv } vsorcdk`dcldlv. C` il jmbsrl @· 6.6 vc ascvtrl il fkisa`l cvtrltmbrìjmfl dc il wk`l cvtsdmldl ~lrl il fsc`fl dci rák Amvhfl.

Jmbsrl @· 6.67 Fkisa`l Cvtrltmbrìjmfl dc il wk`l dc cvtsdmk

?4




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B_S^K AMTS

M`mfmliac`tc fk`kfmdk fkak Jkralfmö` ^lfhltsvl` (Brcbkr} H.C.) <=<:-) dcvfrmtl fkak s`l vcfsc`fml dc fk`bikacrldkv zkifì`mfkv } lrc`mvflv fk` :>> actrkv dc cv~cvkr) mdc`tmjmfldkv c` s`l wk`l hkaö`mal dc il ^rkzm`fml dc Fswfk. Ci `kaorc dc Brs~k Amts jsc m`trkdsfmdk ~kr Af Ilsbhim` d. (<=?4- ~lrl rcjcrmrvc l s`l vcfsc`fml dc lrc`mvflv rkglv ~craml`lv cx~scvtlv c` ci ^cr÷ Fc`trli) c` il ikflimdld dc Amts Amts c` ^lvfk. Dsrl`tc il bí`cvmv dc vsv vsv dc~övmtkv vc hl` hl` ~rkdsfmdk ctl~lv zkifì`mflv) ilv fslicv jkral` s`l vcfsc`fml dc m`tcrflilfmö` c` fk`gs`tk fk` vsv ~lrcv dc `ltsrlicwl fiìvtmfl. Dc~övmtkv m`dmvtm`tkv dc zkifl`mtlv vc zl` l c`fk`trlr m`dmvtm`tlac`tc m`tcrflildlv fk` ilv lrc`mvflv (@ccii @.) ct li) <=4=5 Ilsolfhcr B.) <=285 Alrkffk _.) <=28) c`trc ktrkv-. C` ci ìrcl dc cvtsdmk ci Brs~k Amts vc c`fsc`trl vs~rl}lfmc`dk li Brl`mtk dc \scrkolaol } vso}lfc`tc li Brs~k ^sflrì) fk` ljikrlamc`tkv dc `ltsrlicwl imakflifìrcl) m`tcrflildkv fk` jrlbac`tkv fk`bikacrìdmfkv) c` iá`clv dc cvtrltmjmflfmö` oswl`dk hlfml ci vsrcvtc. Cxmvtc` tlaomí` iáamtcv fk` okrdcv rkgkv) ~rkoloicac`tc krmbm`ldkv c` s`l ctl~l dc los`dl`tc kxmdlfmö` dc vsv altcrmlicv) cx~scvtkv l il vs~crjmfmc) czmdc`fml`dk altcrmlicv zkifì`mfkv jcrrkvkv fk` ilzlv l`dcvátmflv dc tcxtsrl ~krjmrátmfl. Vc m`tcrflil` libs`lv orcfhlv fk` imtkfilvtkv zkifì`mfkv. Ldcaìv) vc c`fsc`trl` lrc`mvflv lrfövmflv dc brl`k jm`k) fkikr rkgk ors`ìfck c` fl~lv dc :> fa. k aìv. Vcb÷` Ek`tle @. (<=83-) ilv zsifl`mtlv dci Brs~k Amts dcoc` vcr dmzmdmdlv dc lfscrdk l frmtcrmkv am`crliöbmfkv } |sáamfkv c` liflim`kv) ~crliflim`kv } vhkvhk`átmfkv. Ci zsifl`mvak dci Brs~k Amts ~crtc`cfc li albaltmvak dci lrfk m`tcr`k jsc c~mvödmfk } ~crmödmflac`tc fk` s` dkam`mk dc il jsc`tc dc il fkrtcwl. M`jcrmoic dc cvtl wk`l dci fk`tm`c`tc) cv |sc ci zsifl`mvak dcoc cvtlr rcilfmk`ldk l ikv ~rkfcvkv dc vsodsffmö`. Vk` as} fkas`cv ilv m`tcrflilfmk`cv dc lrc`mvflv lrfövmflv fk`bikacrìdmflv |sc fk`tmc`c` cicac`tkv zkifì`mfkv) ~k`mc`dk c` czmdc`fml ci vm`bc`ctmvak c`trc ci zsifl`mvak } il dc~kvmtlfmö` dci altcrmli fiìvtmfk. Ci brkvkr dc il vcfsc`fml cv cvtmaldl c` 3>> a.) cx~rcvldkv l ik ilrbk dci rcfkrrmdk jm`li dci rák Amvhfl hlvtl vs fk`jisc`fml fk` ci rák Vk`dk`dk. Vs cdld cvtlrál c`trc ci ^craml`k vs~crmkr } ci Trmìvmfk m`jcrmkr. L vs zcw) vcb÷` Ek`tle @.) ilv ilzlv dci Brs~k Amts tmc`c` s` rl`bk dc cdld (_o!Vr- c`trc ?2> l ?<> a.l.5 amc`trlv |sc Af Ormdc ct li (<=86- kotmc`c` cdld (E!Lr- dc ?8> } ?43 a.l. ~lrl ilv zkifl`mtlv c|smzlic`tcv dci @K dc Okimzml. Dc ktrk ildk) c` ci litm~il`k) Eim`fe O.)

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^lilfmkv K. ct li (<==<-) kotmc`c` s`l cdld (E!Lr- dc ?2? ¼ <> a.l. ~lrl s`l zkifl`mtl dci brs~k Mvfl} (c|smzlic`tc l il ~lrtc vs~crmkr zkifì`mfl dci B~k. Amts-. Vcb÷` cvtk) cvtlv rkflv tc`drál` s` rl`bk dc cdld fka~rc`dmdk c`trc ci ^craml`k vs~crmkr } ci Trmìvmfk m`jcrmkr) vmc`dk ~kr tl`tk) laokv rl`bkv dc cdldcv olvtl`tc fka~ltmoicv. Cvtì fk`vtmtsmdk ~kr fk`bikacrldkv) orcfhlv) lrc`mvflv } imakimtlv dc fkikrcv rkgmwkv) rlwö` ~kr il fsli vc ic iilal ’Fl~lv _kglv‑. C` ci ìrcl dc cvtsdmk cvtlv flrlftcrávtmflv dci Brs~k Amts vc hlfc` zmvmoicv ~kr jkralfmk`cv dctrátmflv fk` altrmw imak lrc`mvfkvl ~rkzc`mc`tcv dci Oltkimtk `kaorldk c` il wk`l fkak ci Brl`mtk dc \scrkolaol) vc kovcrzl` brl`dcv oik|scv dc fk`bikacrldkv) hlfml ci tk~c ci tlalük dc ikv amvakv vc hlfc ac`kr) il altrmw vc tkr`l flifìrcl fcrfl li fk`tlftk fk` ci Brs~k ^sflrì) floc vcülilr |sc cvtc brs~k lolrfl brl` ~lrtc dci ìrcl dc cvtsdmk } ~kdrál vcr il zál dc cvfl~c dci lbsl vsotcrrì`cl c` libs`lv wk`lv) }l |sc tmc`c oswlamc`tk hlfml ci rák Amvhfl) fkak vc kovcrzl c` il jmbsrl @· 6.4.

Jmbsrl @· 6.47 Ljikrlamc`tkv dci Brs~k Amts c` ci trlak acdmk dci rák Amvhfl Ci vmvtcal dc dc~kvmtlfmö` } czkisfmö` dci Brs~k Amts hl krmbm`ldk ~il`kv dc cvtrltmjmflfmö` fk` oswlamc`tkv |sc vs~crl` ikv 63· hlfml ci vsrcvtc) fkm`fmdmc`dk } lifl`wl`dk c` libs`lv wk`lv ci drc`lgc vs~crjmfmli fk`vtmtsmdk ~kr ilv lbslv dci rák Amvhfl. Ci Brs~k Amts fk`vtmts}c il ~lrtc tcram`li dc trlak dc rcfkrrmdk dci rák Amvhfl) hlvtl

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il fk`jisc`fml dc ívtc fk` ci rák Vk`dk`dk) dk`dc vc vs~rl}lfc li Brl`mtk dc \scrkolaol. 6.6.?

B_S^K ^SFL_Ì

Cvtl vcfsc`fml jsc cvtsdmldl ~kr Af Ilsbhim` (<=?4-) fkak s`l vcrmc flifìrcl dc brl` cv~cvkr) dc cdld Trmìvmfk vs~crmkr!Imìvmfk. Iscbk Vtcmàl`` (<=6>-) Aíblrd (<=:8- } Alrkffk (<=23-. Lvá Aíblrd dmjcrc`fml c` ci brs~k trcv vcrmcv) Jkralfmö` Fhlaolrì (Trmìvmfk vs~crmkr-) Jkralfmö` Lrlalfhl} (Imìvmfk vs~crmkr- } Jkralfmö` Fk`dkrvm`bl (Imìvmfk vs~crmkr-. ^lilfmkv (<==4- dcvfrmoc li Brs~k ^sflrì fkak s`l vcrmc ÷`mfl ls`|sc c` rclimdld) ascvtrl zlrmlfmk`cv fk` rcv~cftk l vsv ìrclv dc jkralfmö` c` tkdk ci ^cr÷. Il imtkikbál dc cvtl vcfsc`fml cvtì rc~rcvc`tldl ~kr m`tcrflilfmk`cv c`trc flimwlv) lrc`mvflv } istmtlv) fk` libs`kv dc~övmtkv dc czl~krmtlv (@l) E) A`) Ab- l al`crl dc al`tkv ~rcvc`tì`dkvc c`trc vsv okrdcv dc vcdmac`tlfmö`. Ikv ol`fkv dc cvtrltmjmflfmö` zlrál` dcvdc ikv ?> fa f a hlvtl < a. Ilv istmtlv dc cvtlv m`tcrflilfmk`cv vk` dc fkikr brmv) fk` ilam`lfmk`cv alvmzlv. Ilv lrc`mvflv vc flrlftcrmwl` ~kr vsv fkikrlfmk`cv brmv filrk } lalrmiic`tk (kxmdlfmö`-) cvtkv dc~övmtkv vc m`tcrfc~tl` m `tcrfc~tl` fk` dc~övmtkv flifìrckv } oik|scv o ik|scv fk`bikacrìdmfkv. fk`bikacrìdmfkv. ^lrl vs acgkr dcvfrm~fmö` vc hl dmjcrc`fmldk c` vsv trcv jkralfmk`cv omc` flrlftcrmwldlv. JK_ALFMÖ@ FHLAOL_Ì Fkrrcv~k`dc l il olvc dci Brs~k ^sflrì5 imtkiöbmflac`tc vk` flimwlv dc fkikr brmv l brmv kvfsrl ~kr actckrmwlfmö` fk` fkikrlfmk`cv vs~crjmfmlicv ocmbcv l alrrö` filrk5 vc icv dcvfrmoc fkak omkamfrmtlv) flimwlv dkikaátmflv) libs`lv dkikamtlv cv~lrátmflv } flimwlv amfrátmflv dkikamtmwldlv. Il ~lrtc m`jcrmkr fk`vtmtsmdl ~kr flimwlv c` fl~lv dc < l 6 actrkv dc brkvkr) jkraldlv ~kr cvtrltkv |sc fk`tmc`c` bc`crliac`tc bc`crliac`tc los`dl`tcv `ödsikv c m`fisvmk`cv vmiáfclv dc jkral mrrcbsilr. Vs cvtrltmjmflfmö` cv ~lrlicil fk` vs~crjmfmcv k`dsildlv c mrrcbsilrcv5 ilv flimwlv vk` olvtl`tc rcvmvtc`tcv) dc l~lrmc`fml alfmwl) vm` caolrbk c` libs`kv isblrcv vc kovcrzl` los`dl`tcv fsczlv } dc~rcvmk`cv5 vc flrlftcrmwl ~kr ~rcvc`tlr jlrliik`cv } cvflr~lv ca~m`ldlv. Ilv flimwlv |sc fk`jkral` cvtl s`mdld vk` al}krac`tc amfrmtlv } omkamfrmtlv fk` rcvtkv dc jövmicv.

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JK_ALFMÖ@ L_LALFHL] Fka~rc`dc il ~lrtc acdml dci Brs~k ^sflrì5 fk`vmvtc dc flimwlv } imaklrfmiimtlv fkikr alrrö` kvfsrk) m`tcrflildlv fk` flimwlv brmvcv l `cbrlv) omtsam`kvlv) imaklrfmiimtlv flifìrclv fkikr alrrö` kvfsrk c` cvtrltkv tlosilrcv dc 3 l 4> fa. ) dmjcrc`fmloicv ~kr vs ac`kr rcvmvtc`fml l il crkvmö`) vs~crjmfmliac`tc ~rcvc`tl` fkikrlfmk`cv frcalv) lv~cftk tcrrkvk) olvtl`tc ~krkvlv } fk` olgl o lgl brlzcdld cv~cfájmfl. Cv s`l s`mdld jìfmiac`tc rcfk`kfmoic ~kr vsv ljikrlamc`tkv ac`kv rcvmvtc`tcv l il crkvmö` c` fka~lrlfmö` fk` ilv s`mdldcv vs~rl c m`jrl}lfc`tcv. Bc`crliac`tc vkorc ciil vc hl` dcvlrrkiildk fsitmzkv } ~lvtkv `ltsrlicv. Cvtì bc`crliac`tc imamtldk ~kr vs~crjmfmcv dc cvtrltmjmflfmö` ~il`lv } ~lrlicilv) dc akdk |sc c` vs al}kr ~lrtc cvtl jkralfmö` tmc`c cvtrltmjmflfmö` tlosilr. JK_ALFMÖ@ FK@DK_VM@BL Cvtl jkralfmö` cv il aìv rc~rcvc`tltmzl dc il wk`l dc cvtsdmk. Fk`vtmts}c ci tk~c dci Brs~k ^sflrì) vc flrlftcrmwl ~kr vs cvtrltmjmflfmö` dcibldl c` vs olvc) brscvl hlfml il ~lrtc vs~crmkr5 vs~crmkr5 } vs al}kr rcvmvtc`fml l il crkvmö` c` rcilfmö` fk` il s`mdld m`jrl}lfc`tc. Fk`vmvtc c` s`l vcfsc`fml dc flimwlv amfrátmflv dc fkikr brmv l ocmbc) bc`crliac`tc dmv~scvtl c` cvtrltkv dcibldkv c`trc <> l 6> fa dc brkvkr fk` vs~crjmfmcv dc cvtrltmjmflfmö` libk k`dsildlv) k`dsildlv) ~lrlicilv ~lrlicilv } dmvfk`tm`slv. C` libs`kv flvkv) tmc`c` m`tcrflilfmk`cv dc imaklrfmiimtlv dcibldlv fk` brkvkrcv ac`krcv dc <> fa. dc fkikrcv brmv filrk) zcrdkvk l lalrmiic`tlv) vmamilr fkikrlfmö` tmc`c` ilv flimwlv c` cvtl ikflimdld. Ci brkvkr dc cvtc amcaork cv dc 3>> a. Il amtld vs~crmkr il m`tcbrl` flimwlv amfrátmflv c` cvtrltkv brscvkv dc lv~cftk alfmwk) vmamilr l l|sciilv dc il Jkralfmö` Fhlaolrì) ~crk vc dmjcrc`fml ~kr|sc c` bc`crli flrcfc` f lrcfc` dc `ödsikv dc fhcrt) vs cvtrltmjmflfmö` cv imbcrlac`tc aìv tlosilr) dcjm`mdl } amfrkvfö~mflac`tc vk` flimwlv brmvcv l brmvcv filrlv } jm`lv (zcr jmbsrl @· 6.4-. 6 .4-. Il Jkralfmö` Fk`dkrvm`bl ljikrl c` il ~lrtc acdml dci rcfkrrmdk dci rák Amvhfl c m`jis}c dmrcftlac`tc c` vs czkisfmö` hmdrkbck|sáamfl) l rláw dc il dmvkisfmö` dc vsv cvtrltkv flifìrckv.

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Jmbsrl @· 6.37 Jkralfmö` Fk`dkrvm`bl) alrbc` dcrcfhl dc il |scorldl ^la~l`l 6.6.6 JK_ALFMÖ@ FHS@SAL]K Aíblrd J. (<=:8- dc`kam`l lvá l s`l vcfsc`fml dc flimwlv lrc`kvlv } lrfmiikvlv) fk` ikflimdld tm~k c` il hlfmc`dl Fhs`sal}k (Hsl`flzcimfl-. Dcomdk l ilv flrlftcrávtmflv omkcvtrltmbrìjmflv vc dcjm`c l il Jkralfmö` Fhs`sal}k fkak s`l vcfsc`fml dc flimwlv fs}l jkralfmö` vc krmbm`ö dsrl`tc ci Olgkfml`k vs~crmkr) c` ci Gsrìvmfk Gs rìvmfk Acdmk (^lilfmkv) <==4-. Cvtl jkralfmö` vc c`fsc`trl fk`vtmtsmdl ~kr flimwlv dc fkikrlfmk`cv brmvìfclv } ~lrdswflv filrlv c` ilv ~lrtcv ljcftldlv ~kr il actckrmwlfmö`. Vsv cvtrltkv vk` acdmkv) vc m`tcrflil` fk` `mzcicv alrbkvkv) jl`bkvkv } lrc`ìfckv fk` fkikrlfmk`cv brmvcv kvfsrlv) ik |sc c` libs`kv vcftkrcv ~scdc vcr rktk k jrlbac`tldk c` ilglv k iìam`lv dcibldlv. C` libs`kv vcftkrcv dk`dc vc kovcrzl` vsv ljikrlamc`tkv vc c`fsc`trl` m`tcrcvtrltmjmfldlv fk` fl~lv dcibldlv dc lrfmiimtlv k istmtlv. Ikv ljikrlamc`tkv dc ilv flimwlv dc il Jkralfmö` Fhs`sal}k vc hlfc` zmvmoicv c` ilv ~lrtcv litlv dc il fsc`fl hlvtl il fk`jisc`fml c`trc ilv |scorldlv Alrflfhltl } _lglsrc) isblr dk`dc tmc`c `lfmamc`tk ci rák Amvhfl. Cvtrsftsrliac`tc il Jkralfmö` Fhs`sal}k cvtì fk`vtmtsmdl ~kr flimwlv |sc tmc`c` rsaok @6>·R } oswlamc`tk 2>· VK. Cvtlv flimwlv vc ~rcvc`tl` c` cvtrltkv fk` s`l ~ktc`fml |sc zlrál dc >.:> a hlvtl <.?> a (zcr jmbsrl @· 6.:-.

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Jmbsrl @· 6.:7 Ljikrlamc`tk dc il Jkralfmö` Fhs`sal}k Il Jkralfmö` Fhs`sal}k }lfc vkorc ci Brs~k ^sflrì (Amcaork Fk`dkrvm`bl- } dcolgk dci brs~k ]srl. 6.6.4

_KFLV ÁB@CLV

B_L@MTK DC \SC_KOLAOL Cvtl s`mdld c` il wk`l dc cvtsdmk fk`vtmts}c il olvc dc il vcfsc`fml imtkiöbmfl cxmvtc`tc } hl vmdk dltldl hlfml ci ^lickwkmfk vs~crmkr) ~kvcc s`l brl` cxtc`vmö` rcbmk`li) l al`crl dc s`l jlgl l`fhl fk` krmc`tlfmö` `krkcvtc hlfml ci vsrkcvtc. L `mzci alfrkvfö~mfk il rkfl ~kvcc fkikrlfmk`cv filrlv) fk` tk`limdldcv brmvìfclv } c` ikv okrdcv fmcrtkv `mzcicv ~lrdswfkv } rkgmwkv fkak rcvsitldk dc il kxmdlfmö`. Ilv jkralv dc vsv brl`kv ~scdc` vcr vsohcdrlicv. C` libs`kv vcftkrcv cv `ktkrmk ci jrlftsrlamc`tk cxmvtc`tc fkak fkak rcvsitldk dci tcftk`mvak rcbmk`li. rcbmk`li. Cvtkv ljikrlamc`tkv ljikrlamc`tkv ~rcvc`tl` tlaomí` jlvcv actckrmwldlv dc tk`limdldcv ~lrdswflv) cv~cfmliac`tc hlfml ci flsfc ~rm`fm~li dci rák Vk`dk`dk) |sc cv dk`dc cvtl rkfl ~kvcc vsv acgkrcv cx~kvmfmk`cv (zcr jmbsrl @· 6.2-. Ci iáamtc k fk`tlftk dc cvtl s`mdld vc ~rkdsfc c` il ~lrtc olvli dci trlak dci rák Amvhfl) c` dk`dc ~rcvc`tl s`l vs~crjmfmc dc crkvmö` fk`vtmtsmdl ~kr imakv } ~c|scükv jrlbac`tkv brl`átmfkv) c` s`l cv~cfmc dc trl`vmfmö`) l ~lrtmr ~l rtmr dc il fsli vc v c fk`tm`÷l` ikv dc~övmtkv dci Brs~k Amts.

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Jmbsrl @· 6.27 Ljikrlamc`tkv actckrmwldkv actckrmwldkv dci Brl`mtk dc \scrkolaol \scrkolaol 6.4 BCKIKBÁL BCKIKBÁL CVT_SFTS_LI Ci ìrcl dc cvtsdmk hl` vsjrmd zlrmlv jlvcv tcftö`mflv kflvmk`l`dk lim`clamc`tkv) ikv fslicv tmc`c` s`l m`tcr~rctlfmö` cvtrsftsrli ma~krtl`tc } vc hl` vsfcdmdk dsrl`tc í~kflv |sc zmc`c` dcvdc ci ^lickwkmfk) cv ~kr ciik |sc ikv cjcftkv vkorc ilv rkflv ~rccxmvtc`tcv vc vs~cr~k`c` } càlvflrl` cvtrsftsrlv asfhk aìv l`tmbslv. C` il wk`l dc m`tcrív hl` kfsrrmdk dmvtm`tkv fmfikv tcftö`mfkv) c`trc ikv |sc aìv rcvlitl` tc`cakv li Fmfik Hcrfá`mfk5 |sc ~kvcc dkv jlvcv tcftö`mflv ljcftl`dk ilv rkflv dci ìrcl) il ~rmacrl (Ckhcrfá`mfl- lflcfmdl dsrl`tc ci Dczk`ml`k!Amvvmvvm~ml`k) Aíblrd J. (<=28- alrfl il vc~lrlfmö` c`trc ikv fmfikv dc vcdmac`tlfmö` c` ci ^lickwkmfk m`jcrmkr } vs~crmkr5 il vcbs`dl jlvc (Tlrdmhcrfá`mfl-) fk` czmdc`fmlv dc fka~rcvmö` } jrlftsrlamc`tkv ~rcvc`tcv c` ilv rkflv dci Brl`mtk \scrkolaol) hlfml il olvc dc il vcfsc`fml) cvtl jlvc hlorál kfsrrmdk dsrl`tc ci ^craml`k Acdmk. Iscbk ic ~rcfcdc ci Fmfik L`dm`k |sc jsc ~kvtcrmkr l il ctl~l dc vcdmac`tlfmö` kfsrrmdl dcvdc ci Trmìvmfk vs~crmkr fk` ~rcvc`fml dc rkflv flrok`ltldlv dci Brs~k ^sflrì) m`fis}í`dkvc l akzmamc`tkv |sc dmcrk` krmbc` l ilv litsrlv lftslicv dc ikv L`dcv. Il ~rmacrl ~lrtc dc cvtc fmfik (Jlvc ^crsl`l- kfsrrmö dsrl`tc ci Frctìfmfk vs~crmkr!Vc`k`ml`k) |sc krmbm`ö ~icblamc`tkv c` ilv fkocrtsrlv Trmìvmfl!Imìvmfl } dc ikv dc~övmtkv dci vsovtrltk hcrfá`mfk. Il vcbs`dl ~lrtc (Jlvc M`flmfl- krmbm`k ~icblamc`tkv c` ilv vcfsc`fmlv vcdmac`tlrmlv dci ^lickwkmfk!Acvkwkmfk) krmbm`l`dk tlaomí` akzmamc`tkv fka~rcvmk`licv fkm`fmdc`tcv fk` ci rsaok bc`crli dc il lftsli cvtrsftsrl l`dm`l (@K!VC-. Il tcrfcrl ctl~l (Jlvc \scfhsl- akdmjmfö ~rm`fm~liac`tc

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ikv ca~ilwlamc`tkv l`tcrmkrac`tc iczl`tldkv c` il Vs~crjmfmc ^s`l) krmbm`l`dk `sczlac`tc ~icblamc`tkv } iczl`tlamc`tkv |sc ~sdmcrk` ciczlr ikv altcrmlicv dc~kvmtldkv rcbmk`liac`tc hlvtl ikv 4>>> avà) vsfcdmí`dkvc s`l ctl~l dc zkifl`mvak alrfl`dk s` fmfik dmvtc`vmzk fk` dcrrlacv zkifì`mfkv) ~mrkfilvtkv } vcdmac`tmtlv5 jm`liac`tc fk` il jkralfmö` dc acvctlv zkifì`mflv zm`fsildk l flidcrlv k jmvsrlv) alrfl`dk ctl~lv dc dmvtc`vmö`) fk` s`l ~kvtcrmkr ctl~l cxtrsvmzl (L`dcvmtlv fk` cvtrsftsrlv c` jkral dc dkakv-. C` cvtl fk`jkralfmö` cvtrsftsrli vc hl` krmbm`ldk dmvtm`tkv im`clamc`tkv cvtrsftsrlicv) dc`trk dc ikv aìv ma~krtl`tcv m a~krtl`tcv tc`cakv7 6.4.<

VMVTCALV DC JLIILAMC@TK

Dci ìrcl cvtsdmldl cv ma~krtl`tc fk`kfcr ci hcfhk dc |sc ~crtc`cfc l il jrl`gl vsrkrmc`tli dc ikv L`dcv Fc`trlicv } cvtì rcilfmk`ldl fk` ikv ~rkfcvkv tcftö`mfkv |sc dmcrk` krmbc` } fk`tm`slrk` il czkisfmö` dc il Fkrdmiicrl. Tkdl il vcfsc`fml cvtrltmbrìjmfl dcvdc ci Brs~k Amts hlvtl il Jkralfmö` Fhs`sal}k hl cvtldk vkactmdl l cvjscrwkv dc fka~rcvmö` } dmvtc`vmö` c` fmfikv dmzcrvkv (~rm`fm~liac`tc c` fmfik L`dm`k-) fk` iczl`tlamc`tkv) vktcrrlamc`tkv) ~rkfcvkv dc ~icblamc`tk rcbmk`li } jliilamc`tkv |sc hl` fk`trmosmdk l vs fk`jkralfmö` lftsli. C` il wk`l cvtsdmldl vc hl` rcfk`kfmdk jliilamc`tkv c` oik|scv) c` ci Brs~k ^sflrì) fk` krmc`tlfmk`cv hlfml ci `krcvtc (@4>·-) bc`crliac`tc mrrcfk`kfmoicv dcomdk l il cxmvtc`fml dc zcbctlfmö` ~rc~k`dcrl`tc c` ci ìrcl ~crk m`jcrmoicv l ~lrtmr dc ~lrìactrkv dc rcimczc } kovcrzlfmk`cv dc maìbc`cv } jktkv lírclv l írclv (zcr jmbsrl @· 6.8-. 6 .8-.

Jmbsrl @· 6.87 _kflv dci Brs~k Amts jscrtcac`tc jscrtcac`tc dcjkraldlv

6?




Vmamilrac`tc c` ci Brs~k Amts cxmvtc` jliilamc`tkv ikflicv) dci tm~k m`zcrvk) fk` oswlamc`tkv hlfml ci `krkcvtc) ~rkoloicac`tc c` rcv~scvtl l ikv cvjscrwkv fka~rcvmk`licv |sc lflcfmcrk` dsrl`tc ci Fmfik Fm fik Hcrfm`ml`k. Vc m`jmcrc il cxmvtc`fml dc okrdcv dc cvtrltmjmflfmö` jliildkv c` ilv vcfsc`fmlv flifìrclv dc ilv Jkralfmk`cv Fk`dkrvm`bl } Fhs`sal}k) fk` oswlamc`tkv dc l~rkxmaldlac`tc 63· hlfml ci vsr Cvtc (@<4?·-) dc lfscrdk l ikv iáamtcv dc cvtrltmjmflfmö` c` ilv amvalv) cvtlv jliilv fk`jmcrc` li vmvtcal iáamtcv dc c`trldl } vlimdl ~lrl lbslv dc m`jmitrlfmö` ~rkzc`mc`tcv dc ilv wk`lv aìv litlv. C` ilv m`tcrflilfmk`cv k okrdcv istìfckv dci Brs~k Amts vc dc`ktl` ~c|scükv jliilamc`tkv } oik|scv dc rciic`k) fk` vcdmac`tkv czl~krátmfkv c` vs al}král) krmc`tldkv fk` @ <:3· } oswlamc`tkv os wlamc`tkv dc 4>·. 6.4.?

ÎCBLAMC@TKV ] CVT_SFTS_LV VCFS@DL_MLV

Dldlv ilv flrlftcrávtmflv imtkiöbmflv dc ilv jkralfmk`cv cvtsdmldlv c` il wk`l) cxmvtc` czmdc`fmlv dc ~icblamc`tkv) fk` cgcv vso~lrlicikv vso~lrlicikv li rcfkrrmdk dci rák Amvhfl. Vc kovcrzl` ikv dc~övmtkv dc~övmtkv ~icbldkv dc ilv Jkralfmk`cv Fk`dkrvm`bl) Fk`dkrvm`bl) Fhs`sal}k Fhs`sal}k } il ~lrtc tcram`li dci Brs~k Amts) fk` cgcv lim`cldkv hlfml ci `krcvtc (@63·-) czmdc`fmì`dkvc il cxmvtc`fml dc l`tmfim`licv tsaoldkv } zkifldkv oswl`dk hlfml ci vsrcvtc c` ilv màcdmlfmk`cv dc il fk`jisc`fml c`trc ikv rákv ^la~l`l } Amvhfl (zcr jmbsrl @· 6.=-.

Jmbsrl @· 6.=7 îmcbscv c` Jkralfmk`cv Fk`dkrvm`bl } Fhs`sal}k

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Cxmvtc` ldcaìv cvtrsftsrlv dc jrlftsrlamc`tkv } fmwliilv ljcftl`dk l ikv cvtrltkv dc ilv Jkralfmk`cv Fk`dkrvm`bl } Fhs`sal}k) fkm`fmdmc`dk fk` ikv amfrkjliilamc`tkv |sc hl` ljcftldk vsv m`tcrflilfmk`cv (imakv) lrfmiilv-. 6.3 BCKIKBÁL BCKIKBÁL CFK@ÖAMFL C` il wk`l cvtsdmldl vc hl` rcfk`kfmdkv dc~övmtkv am`crlimwldkv c` ikv fk`bikacrldkv akiìvmfkv dci Brs~k Amts c` ci Trmìvmfk m`jcrmkr) flrok`ltkv dci Brs~k ^sflrì dci Trmìvmfk m`jcrmkr!Gsrìvmfk vkorc}lfmc`dk c` dmvfk`tm`smdldcv } ~kvtcrmkrcv m`trsvmk`cv dlfátmflv (Tcrfmlrmk-) c` ci |sc c` il lftslimdld vc zmc`c` rclimwl`dk ilokrcv cxtrlftmzlv hlfml ci `krcvtc dc il wk`l cvtsdmldl) c` il am`l Fltlim`l Hsl`fl. Ikv dc~övmtkv vc ikflimwl` c` s`l wk`l cvtrsftsrliac`tc fka~icgl (jliilv dc rsaok c m`zcrvlv } ~imcbscv- fcrfl`k l lim`clamc`tkv lim`clamc`tkv rcbmk`licv fk` dmrcffmk`cv @) @C } @K5 } s`l vcrmc dc m`trsvmk`cv vsozkifì`mflv (il am`crlimwlfmö` vc lvkfml cv~lfmliac`tc } cvtì fk`trkildl ikfliac`tc ~kr dm|scv) vmiiv } vtkfev m`trsvmzkv-. Il al}král dc ~icblamc`tkv c` ci ìrcl dc~kvmtldl ~kvcc` krmc`tlfmk`cv @@C!VVK l ~cvlr dc |sc ikv ~icblamc`tkv rcbmk`licv vc krmc`tl` hlfml ci @K. Il am`crlimwlfmö` ~kvcc dkv krmc`tlfmk`cv ~rm`fm~licv) @C } C@C!CK. Ilv zctlv dmrmbmdlv hlfml ci @C) dc olgk oswlamc`tk) kfs~l` jliilv vm`cxtrlicv (koimfslv c m`zcrvlv-5 } imamtl` il am`crlimwlfmö` dci fkrrcdkr hlfml ci @C. Ilv zctlv dc krmc`tlfmö` CK dc olgk oswlamc`tk kfs~l` jliilamc`tkv dcxtrlicv } vk` ilv acgkr dcvlrrkiildlv c` ilv rkflv dci Brs~k Amts. C` ikv flrok`ltkv dci Brs~k ^sflrì) ilv zctlv krmc`tldlv C!K vc dmvtrmos}c` c` cvtrsftsrlv dc tm~k fkil dc floliik dk`dc ilv jliilv flaoml` il krmc`tlfmö` fcrfl`l li ~s`tk dc jliil. Ilv cvtrsftsrlv dc ’fkil dc floliik‑ fkm`fmdc` fk` ikv al`tkv |sc oswl` li @K) dc oswlamc`tkv olgk l akdcrldk fk` am`crlimwlfmö` c` rcca~ilwlamc`tk5 libs`kv al`tkv fk`tmc`c` cvtrltmjmflfmö` hkakfim`li) ktrkv fk`tmc`c` ~imcbscv) zctlv dc jliilv ~il`lv } zctlv dc ì`bsik olgk ikflimwldlv ~lrlicilv l il cvtrltmjmflfmö` ~crk imamtldlv ikfliac`tc) m`dmfl`dk s`l rla~l vslzc dc floliblamc`tk. Ikv oik|scv m`tcrflildkv c`trc ilv zctlv dc jliil cvtì` zlrmloicac`tc am`crlimwldkv (fk` rcca~ilwlamc`tk } zctlv-. Vc hl ~rk~scvtk s` akdcik dc am`crlimwlfmö` cvtrsftsrli c` ci |sc ci fkrrcdkr am`crlimwldk krmc`tldk hlfml ci @C vc ca~ilwö c`fmal dci ~s`tk albaìtmfk } vc jkraö c` s` bmrk dc fk`trlffmö` dcvtrli (cvtrsftsrl c` jikr ~kvmtmzl- l ik ilrbk dc s` vmvtcal dc jliilamc`tk vm`cvtrli krmc`tldk hlfml ci @. Dc`trk dci fkrrcdkr) ikv oik|scv dc jliil imamtldkv ~kr ilv zctlv dcxtrlicv vc akzmcrk` ~kr s` ~rkfcvk dc fmwliilamc`tk dc ~iltljkral. Ikv ~imcbscv rcfsaoc`tcv } floliblamc`tkv c` ci ìrcl m`dmfl` dcjkralfmö` lfkrtl`tc (cv~cfmliac`tc c` libs`kv

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al`tkv- |sc jsc vm`frö`mfl fk` ci jliilamc`tk dc rsaok c` ikv vmvtcalv dc zctlv dc olgk ì`bsik. Cvtc tm~k dc }lfmamc`tk }lfmamc`tk cv dc krmbc` krmbc` hmdrktcrali) fk` zctlv m`tcrflildlv) m`tcrflildlv) fscr~kv ~c|scükv } al`tkv. Tlaomí` cxmvtc` m`dmfmkv dc s` vmvtcal dc am`crlimwlfmö` fkak ~rkdsftk dci actlvkaltmvak c` ci fscr~k m`trsmdk) l al`crl dc velr` (~rkbrldm`b velr`- ~kr il cxmvtc`fml dc brl`ltcv. Ikv fmwliilamc`tkv hl` vmdk m`trsmdkv ~kr zctlv hmdrktcralicv fk` fk`tc`mdkv m`tcrcvl`tcv dc ~ikak } wm`f) fk` flvm 3>> actrkv dc c`trldl } s` fmcrrc c` jkral dc fla~l`l dc litcrlfmö` dc aìv dc 6>> actrkv) fk` m`fim`lfmk`cv dc 63· hlfml ci kcvtc.

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FL^ÁTSIK MZ AL_FK HMD_KBCKIÖBMFK DC IL FSC@FL 4.< LV^CFTKV HMD_KBCKIÖBMFK HMD_KBCKIÖBMFKV V DC IKV IKV L@DCV Il rcbmö` l`dm`l cv rmfl c` lbsl. Il m`tcrlffmö` dc il Ltaövjcrl) Hmdrövjcrl) il Lalwk`ál } il Imtkikbál bc`crl` s` fmfik hmdrkiöbmfk dm`ìamfk } los`dl`tc c` il zcrtmc`tc ltiì`tmfl dci ^cr÷) dc`trk dc il fsli vc hliil il rcbmö` l`dm`l rmfl c` lbsl) ik |sc il fk`zmcrtc c` s`k dc ikv ~rm`fm~licv jlftkrcv dc dcvlrrkiik } omc`cvtlr vkfmli dc il rcbmö`. Ci fmfik hmdrkiöbmfk tmc`c s` ìrcl dc jscrtcv ~rcfm~mtlfmk`cv ~iszmlicv c` ilv wk`lv aìv litlv) fk`vmdcrldlv fkak ìrclv dc limac`tlfmö` ~lrl tkdlv ilv fsc`flv |sc dmvfsrrc` vs~crjmfmliac`tc } vsovs~crjmfmliac`tc hlfml ilv dkv zcrtmc`tcv fk`tm`c`tlicv aìv brl`dcv dc Vsdlaírmfl) il fsc`fl dci ^lfájmfk) somfldl hlfml ci kcvtc } il dci rák Lalwk`lv (Ltiì`tmfk-) somfldl hlfml ci `krcvtc (jmbsrl @· 4.<-. Ci rcfkrrmdk dc cvtkv zki÷ac`cv hádrmfkv vc ~rkdsfc dc al`crl fk`vtl`tc } vs akzmamc`tk `k vkilac`tc vc imamtl l flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv fkak |scorldlv) rmlfhscikv } rákv) vm`k tlaomí` ci dm`lamvak hádrmfk |sc vc ldc`trl c` ilv ~rkjs`dmdldcv dc il fkrtcwl l`dm`l) lifl`wl`dk ~rkjs`dmdldcv |sc vs~crl` ikv iáamtcv iá amtcv c`trc vcdmac`tk `k fk`vkimdldk } rkflv) m`fisvk ldc`trì`dkvc hlfml wk`lv c` ilv |sc c`fsc`trl` vs fk`jm`lamc`tk } vltsrlfmö`.

Jmbsrl @· 4.<7 Fmfik hmdrkiöbmfk Jsc`tc7 Fkas`mdld L`dm`l (?><>-) Ci Lbsl c` ik v L`dcv

6:




Il Fkrdmiicrl dc ikv L`dcv ~kvcc flrlftcrávtmflv tcftö`mflv vm`bsilrcv) ~kvc}c`dk zki÷ac`cv brl`dcv dc rkflv jrlftsrldlv) zki÷ac`cv |sc li cvtlr cx~scvtkv l actckrmwlfmö` hl` krmbm`ldk fl~lv vs~crjmfmlicv dc dc~övmtkv ~kfk fk`vkimdldkv) vk` ívtlv wk`lv vs~crjmfmlicv l|sciilv |sc ~rk~mfml` ci jc`öac`k dc m`jmitrlfmö` c` ìrclv litlv ~il`lv k vcam~il`lv. Ci ~rkfcvk dc m`jmitrlfmö` c` cvtlv wk`lv bc`crliac`tc vc ~rkdsfc dc`trk dc zki÷ac`cv dc rkflv ~krkvlv (fkak ilv tkolv k lrc`mvflv- k rkflv jrlftsrldlv fk` ~craclomimdld vcfs`dlrml (fkak ilv l`dcvmtlv) rmkimtlv) flimwlv) ctf.-. Vc ~kdrál` ac`fmk`lr ~kr cgca~ik l ilv rkflv dc ikv zkifì`mfkv Tlflwl) Olrrkvk) ilv jkralfmk`cv dc krmbc` vcdmac`tlrmk Amts) ^sflrì) Fcic`dá`) Gsalvhl fkak lfsasilfmk`cv mdclicv c` ilv |sc vc ~scdc` c`fk`trlr zki÷ac`cv dc m`jmitrlfmö` dcomdk l vsv flrlftcrávtmflv imtkiöbmflv } cvtrsftsrlicv |sc ~cramtc` cvtkv ~rkfcvkv (zcr jmbsrl @· 4.?-.

Jmbsrl @· 4.?7 Ljikrlamc`tk dc lbslv dc m`jmitrlf m `jmitrlfmö` mö` c` il Jkralfmö` Fcic`dá` Ilv rkflv |sc fk`vtmts}c` ilv cvtrmolfmk`cv aìv ma~krtl`tcv dc il Fkrdmiicrl dc ikv L`dcv c` fk`gs`tk ~rcvc`tl` dmjcrc`fmlv dc altcrmlicv) iá`clv dc cvtrltmjmflfmö`) lvá fkak jrlftsrlamc`tkv) jliilamc`tkv } ~icblamc`tkv litcrldkv oìvmflac`tc l ~lrtmr dc ilv dcjkralfmk`cv krkbí`mflv l ilv |sc hl` vmdk cx~scvtlv) vmc`dk il tc`dc`fml dc cvtlv cvtrsftsrlv @krcvtc!Vsrkcvtc } vsv cgcv vk` ~cr~c`dmfsilrcv) cv dcfmr fk` krmc`tlfmö` l`dm`l. Ktrkv dc~övmtkv ~kvcc` il fl~lfmdld dc ~cramtmr ci ~lvk dci lbsl hlfml ci m`tcrmkr dcomdk l il m`tcrflilfmö` dc vsv fka~k`c`tcv fk` altcrmlicv dc dmvtm`tkv tlalükv) hctcrkactrál |sc kflvmk`l ~krkvmdld } ~craclomimdld rcbsilrcv fkak ~lrl ~ lrl ~cramtmr ikv

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~rkfcvkv dc m`jmitrlfmö` dci lbsl. Il al}král dc cvtkv dc~övmtkv vs~crl` cv~cvkrcv dc ?>> actrkv c` vsv isblrcv dc ca~ilwlamc`tk } ikv zki÷ac`cv dc m`jmitrlfmö`) c` asfhkv flvkv lifl`wl` vs `mzci dc fk`jm`lamc`tk hlfml ikv ~rmacrkv => actrkv) isblrcv c` ikv |sc cxmvtc` ~rcvmk`cv imtkvtìtmflv |sc krmbm`l` s` fk`jm`lamc`tk jrcìtmfk |sc kflvmk`l |sc ci akzmamc`tk dc ilv lbslv vcl vsohkrmwk`tli } vc dmrmgl hlfml ìrclv vsovs~crjmfmlicv k vs~crjmfmlicv) cv dcfmr ìrclv dk`dc ilv ~rcvmk`cv vcl` ac`krcv somfldlv bc`crliac`tc c` ikv fc`trkv dc ikv zliicv } fsc`flv fsc` flv c`dkrrcmflv. Ilv wk`lv dc dcvflrbl dc cvtkv zki÷ac`cv m`jmitrldkv) vc somfl` li fc`trk dc ikv zliicv m`tcrl`dm`kv } acvctlv fk` fsc`flv c`dkrrcmflv fkak ilv dci vsr dc ^cr÷) fk` ci Ilbk Tmtmflfl fkak ci ~rm`fm~li rc~rcvc`tl`tc. Vmbsmc`dk cvtl iá`cl dc czkisfmö` brl` ~lrtc dc cvtkv zki÷ac`cv m`jmitrldkv l ~lrtmr dc ilv ìrclv fkrdmiicrl`lv) c`fsc`trl` vlimdlv `ltsrlicv hlfml ilv ìrclv dc fkvtl fk`tm`c`tli } ktrl ~lrtc m`zkisfrldl) ~kr rlwk`cv tcftö`mflv dc fkil~vkv } hs`dmamc`tkv c`fsc`trl` vsv vlimdlv c` ìrclv dc d c ~iltljkral alrm`l. 4.? L@ÌIMVMV DC IL FSC@FL DCI _ÁK AMVHFL Ci rák Amvhfl dmvfsrrc fk` dmrcffmö` Vsrkcvtc!@krcvtc dcvdc vs `lfmamc`tk c` il fk`jisc`fml c`trc ilv |scorldlv Alrflfhltl } _lglsrc. Ci rák Vk`dk`dk cv ci rc~rcvc`tl`tc dc il fsc`fl _cbmk`li) fk` dmrcffmö` `krcvtc hlvtl vs fk`jisc`fml fk` ci rák Fl`bliik (^la~lv-) ~crtc`cfmc`tc l il zcw l il fsc`fl hmdrkbrìjmfl dci rák Lalwk`lv (L`cxk >37 îl`k ><-. Ci rcimczc dci rák Amvhfl vc flrlftcrmwl ~kr ~kvccr zlrml`tcv dc ~c`dmc`tcv } ilv ildcrlv dc ikv fcrrkv |sc ik fmrfs`dl` ~c`dmc`tcv akdcrldlv l jscrtcv dl`dk isblr l jkralv vcamc`flük`ldlv l c`flük`ldlv |sc hlfc` dmjmfsitkvl il ilokr dc tkal dc dltkv acdml`tc s` vmvtcal dc m`jkralfmö` ~rk~krfmk`ldk ~kr ci alrfldkr dc ~kvmfmö` bckbrìjmfl vltcimtli (B^V-. Ci jisgk dci rák Amvhfl ~rkzmc`c dc vsv ljisc`tcv) vsotcrrì`ckv } vs~crjmfmlicv. Dsrl`tc ilv cvtlfmk`cv vcflv c` ikv L`dcv (Lormi! Vctmcaorc-) il brl` al}král dc vs zkisac` vc krmbm`l l rláw dc ilv jmitrlfmk`cv } al`l`tmlicv fk` ìrclv dc limac`tlfmö` somfldlv c` fktlv |sc vs~crl` ikv 4?>> actrkv dc litsrl. Il `lfmc`tc dci rák Amvhfl vc vmt÷l c` s`l fktl dc 4>>> avà. Ci flsdli ~rkacdmk dci rák Amvhfl cv dc l~rkxmaldlac`tc 4>> i+v) s` flsdli rciltmzlac`tc fk`vmdcrloic |sc vc c`brkvl dcomdk l ilv fk`jisc`fmlv cxmvtc`tcv. Dc liiá vs litk ~kdcr crkvmzk } dmvkfmldkr fk` ci c`tkr`k flrlftcrmwldk ~kr ilv Jkralfmk`cv Fk`dkrvm`bl } Fhs`sal}k. Ilv ~c`dmc`tcv dc ikv fcrrkv |sc fmrfs`dl` ci rák Amvhfl vk` al}krcv l ikv 3>·) cxmvtmc`dk c` ciikv |scorldlv ~c|scülv } flsfcv vsovs~crjmfmlicv |sc rcfkrrc`

68




dmvtl`fmlv dc aìv dc 3>> actrkv zcrtmfliac`tc fk` tl` vkik ?>> actrkv hkrmwk`tlicv) dc liiá ci hcfhk dc |sc ilv |scorldlv |sc fk`jis}c` fk` ci rák Amvhfl ~kvcc` c` vá s` brl` ~kdcr crkvmzk (~.cg. |scorldl Vlffiil`m) Vlm`kgl) ctf.-. Il fsc`fl dci rák Amvhfl fk`vtmts}c s`k dc ikv aìv ma~krtl`tcv ljisc`tcv hlfml ci rák Vk`dk`dk) ~scv vs drc`lgc (vsodc`drátmfk- cvtì fk`vtmtsmdk ~kr ljisc`tcv |sc vc krmbm`l` c` ilv ~lrtcv aìv litlv dc il wk`l cvtsdmldl } vsv zki÷ac`cv fk`trmos}c` l il flrbl hádrmfl ~rm`fm~li dci vmvtcal) krmbm`ì`dkvc `k vkilac`tc c` flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv fk` |scorldlv } rmlfhscikv) vm `k tlaomí` cxmvtc` dmzcrvkv flsfcv vsotcrrì`ckv fk` ikv fslicv ci rák Amvhfl c`fsc`trl fk`jisc`fml. C` ci fsldrk @· 4.< vc ~rcvc`tl` ikv ~lrìactrkv bckakrjkiöbmfkv dci rák Amvhfl } dc vsv ~rm`fm~licv ljisc`tcv) dctcram`ldkv fk` il l}sdl dc ~rkbrlalv dc fìifsik. Fsldrk @· 4.<7 ^lrìactrkv bckakrjkiöbmfkv bckakrjkiöbmfkv dc il i l fsc`fl dci _mk Amvhfl ^L_ÌACT_KV Lrcl ^cráactrk Ik`bmtsd dci Flsfc ^rm`fm~li ^c`dmc`tc dci Flsfc Jlftkr dc Jkral Á`dmfc dc Fka~lfmdld Litmtsd Acdml ^c`dmc`tc dc Il Fsc`fl Dc`vmdld dc Drc`lgc !

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^cráactrk dc il Amfrkfsc` A mfrkfsc`fl fl

Cv il ik`bmtsd acdmdl l ik ilrbk dci ~kiábk`k |sc c`fmcrrl ci ìrcl dc il amfrkfsc`fl. (Zcr fsldrk @· 4.<-.

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^c`dmc`tc dci Flsfc ^rm`fm~li

Vc hl fk`vmdcrldk il dmjcrc`fml c`trc c`t rc il litmtsd al}kr } ac`kr dci flsfc) dmzmdmdk c`trc il ik`bmtsd hkrmwk`tli dci fsrvk dc lbsl c`trc laokv ~s`tkv5 cvtc ~lrìactrk `kv dctcram`l ilv flrlftcrávtmflv ö~tmalv dc vs l~rkzcfhlamc`tk hádrmfk) k c` il vkisfmö` dc ~rkoicalv dc m`s`dlfmk`cv) vc dl c` ~krfc`tlgc !

Jlftkr dc Jkral

Cv il rcilfmö` c`trc ci l`fhk acdmk } il ik`bmtsd dci flsfc ~rm`fm~li dc il fsc`fl. Ci jlftkr dc jkral vc kotmc`c dmzmdmc`dk ci ìrcl dc il amfrkfsc`fl ~kr ci fsldrldk dci flsfc dci rák ~rm`fm~li. S`l fsc`fl fk` s` jlftkr dc jkral al}kr l ktrl) cxmvtc al}kr ~kvmomimdld dc tc`cr s`l tkrac`tl m`tc`vl vmasitì`cl) vkorc tkdl il cxtc`vmö` dc il fsc`fl5 c` flvk fk`trlrmk vm il fsc`fl tmc`c s` jlftkr dc jkral ac`kr |sc ktrl fsc`fl) tmc`c ac`kv tc`dc`fml l fk`fc`trlr ilv m`tc`vmdldcv dc ilv iiszmlv. L acdmdl |sc ci ìrcl lsac`tl ci jlftkr dc jkral dmvam`s}c) ik fsli m`dmfl s`l tc`dc`fml li lilrblamc`tk c` fsc`flv brl`dcv. !

Á`dmfc dc Fka~lfmdld

Il jkral vs~crjmfmli dc ilv fsc`flv hmdrkbrìjmflv tmc`c m`tcrív ~kr ci tmca~k |sc tlrdl c` iicblr ci lbsl dc ikv iáamtcv dc il fsc`fl l il vlimdl dc il amval. S`k dc ikv á`dmfcv ~lrl dctcram`lr il jkral cv ci Fkcjmfmc`tc dc Fka~lfmdld (Brlzcimsv- |sc cv il rcilfmö` cxmvtc`tc c`trc ci ~cráactrk dc il fsc`fl } ci ~cráactrk dc s` fárfsik |sc tc`bl il amval vs~crjmfmc dc dmfhl amfrkfsc`fl. Ci á`dmfc vcrì al}kr k mbsli l il s`mdld) dc akdk |sc fsl`tk aìv fcrfl`k l ciil vc c`fsc`trc aìv vc l~rkxmalrì vs jkral l il dci fárfsik) c` fs}k flvk il amfrkfsc`fl tc`drì al}krcv ~kvmomimdldcv dc ~rkdsfmr frcfmc`tcv fk` al}krcv ~mfkv (flsdlicv-. ^kr ktrl ~lrtc ci á`dmfc dc fka~lfmdld cv s` `÷acrk ldmac`vmk`li m`dc~c`dmc`tc dc il cxtc`vmö` dc ilv amfrkfsc`flv. Vm E 1 <) il fsc`fl vcrì dc jkral fmrfsilr5 ~kr ik bc`crli ~lrl fsc`flv lilrbldlv vc cv~crl |sc ci E 0 <) czmdc`fml`dk |sc ilv amfrkfsc`flv _lglsrc) ^la~l`l) Vlffiil`m } _ák Amvhfl ascvtrl` s` á`dmfc dc fka~lfmdld al}kr l il s`mdld) ik |sc m`dmfl |sc ilv amfrkfsc`flv c` cvtsdmk vk` dc tm~k lilrbldl) ik fsli rcdsfc vs ~rkolomimdld dc |sc vcl` fsomcrtlv c` vs tktlimdld ~kr s`l tkrac`tl) ~sdmc`dk ljcftlr ci tm~k dc rcv~scvtl |sc vc ~rcvc`tl` c` vsv flsfcv. !

Litmtsd Acdml

Il ciczlfmö` acdml dc il amfrkfsc`fl) m`jis}c c` ilv flrlftcrávtmflv actckrkiöbmflv) |sc dctcram`l` ~rm`fm~liac`tc ilv jkralv dc il ~rcfm~mtlfmö`. Il litmtsd acdml zmc`c l

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vcr il litsrl ~rkacdmk dc il vs~crjmfmc dc il fsc`fl) f sc`fl) ci 3># dci ìrcl dc il fsc`fl) cvtì vmtsldk ~kr c`fmal dc cvl litmtsd } ci 3># cvtì vmtsldk ~kr dcolgk dc ciil. !

^c`dmc`tc dc il Amfrkfsc`fl

Cv s` ~lrìactrk ma~krtl`tc c` ci cvtsdmk dc ilv amfrkfsc`flv) tmc`c s`l rcilfmö` ma~krtl`tc } fka~icgl fk` il m`jmitrlfmö`) il cvfkrrc`tál vs~crjmfmli) il hsacdld dci vscik) } il fk`trmosfmö` dci lbsl vsotcrrì`cl l il cvfkrrc`tál. Cv s`k dc ikv jlftkrcv |sc fk`trkil ci tmca~k dc cvfsrrmamc`tk } fk`fc`trlfmö` dc il iiszml c` ikv fl`licv dc drc`lgc) tmc`c s`l ma~krtl`fml dmrcftl c` rcilfmö` l il alb`mtsd dc ilv frcfmdlv5 ~lrl ci fìifsik vc stmimwö ci frmtcrmk dci rcftì`bsik c|smzlic`tc. 4.6 ^_M@FM^LICV LJISC@TCV VS^C_JMFMLICV DCI _ÁK AMVHFL Ikv ~rm`fm~licv ljisc`tcv vs~crjmfmlicv cxmvtc`tcv c` il Fsc`fl dci rák Amvhfl vk` ikv vmbsmc`tcv7 4.6.<

\SCO_LDL _LGLS_C

Il |scorldl _lglsrc cv s`k dc ikv flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv |sc krmbm`l` ci drc`lgc dci rák Amvhfl) tmc`c s`l krmc`tlfmö` dc flsfc dc @krkcvtc hlfml ci vsrcvtc) `lfc l l~rkxmaldlac`tc 43?> avà c` il fk`jisc`fml c`trc ilv |scorldlv Tmrlsrc } Tcfvm`c) l~krtl`dk c` ci flsdli ~rkacdmk dc ívtl |scorldl fk` cvtmaldk c` s` zlikr dc 3> imtrkv ~kr vcbs`dk. Ci rcfkrrmdk dc cvtl |scorldl cv dc aìv dc 4 emiöactrkv) ltrlzcvl`dk } crkvmk`l`dk rkflv flrok`ltldlv dc ilv Jkralfmk`cv Fhs`sal}k } Fk`dkrvm`bl olgk s`l ~c`dmc`tc dc aìv dc <6#. C` vs flsfc vc kovcrzl` oik|scv } fl`tkv dc fk`bikacrldkv olvlicv) trl`v~krtldkv dcvdc ilv ìrclv aìv ciczldlv dc il fsc`fl. 4.6.?

\SCO_LDL AL_FLFHLTL

Cv il |scorldl fk` aìv ~c`dmc`tc c` il wk`l dc cvtsdmk (:?·-) ~kvcc s` brl` ~kdcr crkvmzk) ljcftl`dk l ilv flimwlv dc il Jkralfmö` Fhs`sal}k } c` vs ~lrtc tcram`li l ikv dc~övmtkv flifìrckv dc il Jkralfmö` Fk`dkrvm`bl. Il |scorldl Alrflfhltl ~kvcc s` flsdli l~rkxmaldk dc ?> imtrkv ~kr vcbs`dk } tmc`c s` rcfkrrmdk dc aìv dc 4 emiöactrkv dcvdc vs `lfmc`tc c` ilv ~lrtcv litlv dci fcrrk dci amvak `kaorc. Dsrl`tc ci rcfkrrmdk dc il |scorldl Alrflfhltl vc hlfc czmdc`tc ci lsac`tk dc vsv flsdlicv) cvtk dcomdk l il fk`jisc`fml fk` wk`lv dc vsodrc`lgc k ìrclv fk` |scorldlv ac`krcv |sc c`fsc`trl` fk`jisc`fml fk` vs flsfc aìv rcbsilr.

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\SCO_LDL VLM@KGL

Il |scorldl Vlm`kgl cv s` ljisc`tc dci rák Amvhfl) fk` s` rcfkrrmdk vsohkrmwk`tli dc aìv dc 4 ea) `lfc c` ilv ~lrtcv litlv dci fcrrk Tlfl) rcfkrrmc`dk ìrclv fk` ~c`dmc`tcv dmzcrvlv) dldk ik c`flük`ldk c`flük`ldk dc il i l wk`l. Il |scorldl Vlm`kgl ltrlzmcvl ilv cvtrmolfmk`cv fk`vtmtsmdlv ~kr ilv Jkralfmk`cv Fk`dkrvm`bl } Fhs`sal}k fk` s`l dmrcffmö` dc @krcvtc hlfml ci vsrkcvtc } ~kvcc s` flsdli l~rkxmaldk dc <3 imtrkv ~kr vcbs`dk. 4.6.4

\SCO_LDL ^LA^L@L

Il |scorldl ^la~l`l cv s`k dc ikv ljisc`tcv dci rák Amvhfl) tmc`c s` rcfkrrmdk dc Vsrkcvtc l @krcvtc dc aìv dc <> emiöactrkv dcvdc vs `lfmamc`tk) c` il fk`jisc`fml dc ilv |scorldlv Glrl`glvl } ^lvhgl~ltl. Il |scorldl ^la~l`l tmc`c s`l ~c`dmc`tc ~rkacdmk dc i+v) libs`lv iil`srlv dc m`s`dlfmö` vs~crl` ikv ?> actrkv dc cv~cvkr) ls`|sc brl` ~lrtc dc vs rcfkrrmdk vc ~rkdsfc c` zliicv c`flük`ldkv) fk`jkraldkv ~kr ikv vmvtcalv rkfkvkv dc ilv Jkralfmk`cv Fk`dkrvm`bl } Fhs`sal}k) c` ívtc rák cv `ktloic il l~lrmfmö` dc rcwlbkv vsotcrrì`ckv dc il dmvkisfmö` flifìrcl) ca~ilwldkv c` laolv aìrbc`cv) fk` jisgkv vsotcrrì`ckv vsotcrrì`ckv |sc limac`tl` vs flsdli. 4.6.3

\SCO_LDL VLFFIIL@M

Il |scorldl Vlffiil`m cv s`l dc ilv |scorldlv |sc ~kvcc al}kr m`jisc`fml c` ci ìrcl dc cvtsdmk) hmdrkbck|sáamflac`tc hloil`dk) ~scv vs rcfkrrmdk vc ~rkdsfc ltrlzcvl`dk ikv vtkfev dc am`crlimwlfmö` ca~ilwldkv hlfml ci @krtc (dk`dc vc somfl il Am`l Fltlim`l Hsl`fl-) dldlv ilv litlv ~c`dmc`tcv dci flsfc) il crkvmö` |sc vc ~rkdsfc vkorc ilv rkflv ca~ilwldlv cv litl) ~sdmí`dkvc c`fk`trlr oik|scv } jrlbac`tkv fk` tlalükv al}krcv l 6> fc`táactrkv c` ci fc`trk dc vs drc`lgc. Il ~c`dmc`tc ~rkacdmk dc il |scorldl Vlffiil`m cv dc ?3# fk` s` rcfkrrmdk vsozcrtmfli dc aìv dc 3 emiöactrkv dcvdc vs `lfmc`tc c` ilv ~lrtcv litlv dci fcrrk Tlflv hlvtl vs fk`jisc`fml fk` ci rák Amvhfl) tkal`dk c` fsc`tl |sc ci trlak rcfkrrmdk zcrtmfliac`tc vs~crl ikv :>> actrkv) cv czmdc`tc ci ~kdcr crkvmzk |sc vsv lbslv ~kvcc` c` flsdlicv ~rkacdmk dc 6> imtrkv ~kr vcbs`dk. 4.4 ^_M@FM^LICV LJISC@TCV VSOTC__Ì@CKV Cvtc cvtsdmk vc càlrfl c` ilv flrlftcrávtmflv hmdrkbck|sáamflv dci rák Amvhfl) |sc c`fsc`trl vs flsfc `lfmc`tc l rláw dc il fk`jisc`fml c`trc dkv |scorldlv (_lglsrc } Alrflfhltl-) ~kvtcrmkrac`tc cvtc rák c`fsc`trl fk`jisc`fml fk` zki÷ac`cv vs~crjmfmlicv } vsotcrrì`ckv |sc fk`trmos}c` c` vs flsdli lvá fkak tlaomí` c` ilv

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flrlftcrávtmflv jávmflv } |sáamflv dc al`crl `ltsrli) hlfmc`dk |sc il fsc`fl Amvhfl vc hlbl al}kr hlvtl c`fk`trlr fk`jisc`fml fk` ci rák Vk`dk`dk. Ikv ljisc`tcv vsotcrrì`ckv c`fk`trldkv c` il wk`l dc cvtsdmk vc somfl` al}krmtlrmlac`tc c` il `lfmc`tc dc il fsc`fl) ca~ilwì`dkvc c` ilv rkflv flrok`ltldlv dc ilv Jkralfmk`cv Fk`dkrvm`bl } Fhs`sal}k) dldk vsv flrlftcrávtmflv dc m`jmitrlfmö`) vc ~scdc ljmralr |sc ívtkv vk` rcvsitldk dc il m`tcrlffmö` c`trc lbslv fk` fk`tc`mdkv actìimfkv (lbslv ìfmdlv- fk` ilv rkflv flimwlv dci c`tkr`k) dmvkizmí`dkilv } c`fk`trl`dk vsv iáamtcv dc akzmamc`tk c` ikv okrdcv dc cvtrltmjmflfmö` |sc oswl` hlfml ci rák Amvhfl. Vc hl fk`vmdcrldk k~krts`k tkalr c` fsc`tl s` ljikrlamc`tk |sc vc somfl c` il alrbc` mw|smcrdl dc il |scorldl ^la~l`l) ~kr fsl`tk fk`trmos}c li l~krtc hmdrkbck|sáamfk dc tkdl il fsc`fl) fk` fk`tc`mdkv am`crlimwldkv dmvscitkv c` vsv lbslv) |sc ljikrl` krmbm`l`dk rcimczcv eìrvtmfkv tá~mfkv dc c`tkr`kv flifìrckv (zcr jmbsrl @· 4.6-. C` ci fsldrk @· 4.? vc dcvfrmoc` ikv cjisc`tcv fk`vmdcrldkv ~lrl cvtc cvtsdmk dc cx~ikrlfmö` c x~ikrlfmö` hmdrkbck|sáamfl. hmdrkbck|sáamfl. Fsldrk @· 4.?7 Dcvfrm~fmö` dc ikv ~s`tkv vsotcrrì`ckv AL@L@TMLI DCVF_M^FMÖ@ BCKIKBML BCKIKBML @K_TC L ?>> actrkv lbslv TV!3? dci rák Amvhfl TV! actrkv dci TV!6= TV!4> (Lbsl Tcrali-) _ák Amvhfl TV!62 =<8 843>=<8 } il |scorldl Vlm`kgl Lbslv lolgk dc il |scorldl TV!
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Jmbsrl @· 4.67 Ljikrlamc`tk Ljikrlamc`tk fìrvtmfk c` alrbc` mw|smcrdl dc \scorldl ^la~l`l 4.4.< FKA^K_TLAMC@TK DCI LBSL VSOTC__Ì@CL C` il wk`l cxmvtc` alrfldlv dmjcrc`fmlv dc rcimczcv) lv~cftkv bckiöbmfkv } ikv drc`lgcv) cv fka~rc`vmoic il cxmvtc`fml dc drc`lgcv vsotcrrì`ckv) `k vkilac`tc ~kr il l~lrmfmö` dc vsv ljikrlamc`tkv l ik ilrbk dci flsfc dci rák Amvhfl) vm`k tlaomí` ~kr ilv flrlftcrávtmflv jávmflv dci tcrrc`k t crrc`k cvtsdmldk. Ilv ~lrtcv litlv fk`vtmts}c` ilv ìrclv dc rcflrbl dc ilv m`jmitrlfmk`cv) l rláw dc il cxmvtc`fml dc vcdmac`tkv dc~kvmtldkv c` ctl~lv rcfmc`tcv) fk`jkraldkv ~kr fkocrtsrl dc altcrmlicv ~kfk fk`vkimdldkv) c` ikv |sc vc m`mfml ci rcfkrrmdk dc ilv lbslv dc m`jmitrlfmö` hlfml ilv wk`lv m`jcrmkrcv. Ldcaìv dc cvtk cv `cfcvlrmk m`dmflr |sc ci ~rkfcvk dc dmvkisfmö` fìrvtmfl cvtì cxtc`dmdk c` il wk`l (jmbsrl @· 4.6-) fk`vtmts}c`dk ìrclv ~kr ilv |sc ci lbsl m`jmitrldl c`fsc`trl jìfmiac`tc c`trldlv hlfml ilv wk`lv m`jcrmkrcv. Fk`jkrac vc zl ~rkjs`dmwl`dk ci rcfkrrmdk) ilv fk`dmfmk`cv dc ~rcvmö` vk` dmjcrc`tcv) cv ~kr ciik |sc ikv cv~lfmkv dc rcfkrrmdk vc zscizc` ac`kv dc`vkv) ilv lbslv dc m`jmitrlfmö` c`fsc`trl` iá`clv dc akzmamc`tk c` ikv cv~lfmkv cvtrltmjmfldkv } c` ikv jrlbac`tkv dmvkfmldkv) hctcrkbí`ckv } hctcrkaítrmfkv dc il Jkralfmö` Fhs`sal}k } ikv Brs~kv ^sflrì } Amts) fs}l cvtrltmjmflfmö` fkm`fmdc fk` ci flsfc dci rák Amvhfl (63!36· VC-) cv liiá c` dk`dc vc ~scdc` c`fk`trlr ljikrlamc`tkv dmrmbmdkv hlfml ikv drc`lgcv vs~crjmfmlicv dc ikv rákv Amvhfl } vsv |scorldlv ljisc`tcv.

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4.3 S@MDLDCV HMD_KCVT_LTMB_ÌJÁFLV S`l s`mdld hmdrkcvtrltmbrìjmfl cv s`l jkralfmö` bckiöbmfl) s` brs~k dc jkralfmk`cv k ~lrtc dc s`l jkralfmö` |sc ~scdc dmvtm`bsmrvc c` olvc l vs fl~lfmdld dc ~rkdsfmr } trl`vamtmr lbsl. Ikv lfsájcrkv (jkralfmk`cv fl~lfcv dc trl`vamtmr s`l fl`tmdld ma~krtl`tc dc lbsl- } lfsmtlrdkv (s`mdldcv fk`jm`l`tcv- k lfsmfisdkv (s`mdldcv fk`jm`l`tcv fk` aá`mal trl`vamvmö`- vk` tm~kv dc s`mdldcv hmdrkcvtrltmbrìjmflv fs}kv krábc`cv c` il wk`l dc cvtsdmk vc dcoc` l il i l jkral dc dc~kvmtlfmö` k lfkakdk dc ikv altcrmlicv lfsasildkv } vs ~kvtcrmkr czkisfmö` c` fk`gs`tk fk` ci tcftk`mvak rcbmk`li. C` ci fsldrk @· 4.6 vc kovcrzl` ilv ~rm`fm~licv wk`lv ~kr ilv |sc ci lbsl c`fsc`trl akzmamc`tk k iá`clv dc m`jmitrlfmö`) rcilfmk`ì`dkik l vsv flrlftcrávtmflv bckiöbmflv) ikv zlikrcv dc fk`dsftmzmdld k ~craclomimdld ~craclomimdld tcörmfkv) vsv flrlftcrávtmflv dc cvtrltmjmflfmö` } il fk`vmbsmc`tc filvmjmflfmö` dc il wk`l fk` rcv~cftk l vsv ~rk~mcdldcv hmdrkcvtrltmbrìjmflv. Fsldrk @· 4.67 ^rm`fm~licv S`mdldcv Hmdrkcvtrltmbrìjmflv Hmdrkcvtrltmbrìjmflv m`jis}c`tcv c` ci rák Amvhfl

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FL^ÁTSIK Z HMD_KBCK\SÁAMFL DC IL FSC@FL AMVHFL 3.< AL_FK FK@FC^TSLI BC@C_LI Il Bck|sáamfl cv s`l fmc`fml l~imfltmzl) |sc osvfl fkrrcilfmk`lr ilv flrlftcrávtmflv dc jkralfmö` } czkisfmö` bckiöbmfl fk` ikv ~lrìactrkv |sáamfkv m`hcrc`tcv l ikv acdmkv c` ikv |sc vc dcvlrrkiil` tkdkv ikv ~rkfcvkv bckiöbmfkv. Flrlftcrmwl } dcjm`c ikv c`tkr`kv czkistmzkv dc il fkrtcwl l ~lrtmr dc il dctcram`lfmö` dc ikv cicac`tkv |sáamfkv |sc vc m`fis}c` c` ciil } ikv ~rkfcvkv bckiöbmfkv |sc akdmjmfl` vsv fk`jmbsrlfmk`cv krmbm`licv. Il bck|sáamfl fkak dmvfm~im`l jkrali m`fis}c asfhk dc il hmvtkrml dc il |sáamfl } dc il bckikbál) ~crk fkak fmc`fml |sc hloil dc il hmvtkrml cicac`tli c` ci ~il`ctl Tmcrrl) ÷`mflac`tc ~sdk jkralrvc s`l zcw |sc vc hmwk rcli il `kfmö` dci cicac`tk |sáamfk) fsl`dk vc /~c`ctrö/ il fk`vtrsffmö` ltöamfl } c` il i l fk`jmbsrlfmö` cicftrö`mfl. Ikv kogctmzkv dc il m`zcvtmblfmö` bck|sáamfl vk`7 ! !

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Dcjm`mr ikv zlikrcv ~rk~krfmk`licv dc ikv cicac`tkv |sáamfkv } vsv cv~cfmcv |sáamflv c` ikv c`tkr`kv `ltsrlicv. Dctcram`lr ikv ~rkfcvkv dc dmvtrmosfmö` k akzmamc`tk dc ikv cicac`tkv l trlzív dc ikv dmvtm`tkv laomc`tcv |sc flrlftcrmwl` l il fkrtcwl tcrrcvtrc) ~lrl dcjm`mr ikv ~ltrk`cv dc dmv~crvmö` dc ikv cicac`tkv. cicac`tkv. C` lrlv dci omc`cvtlr dc il vkfmcdld) il Bck|sáamfl cv l~imfldl c` il o÷v|scdl dc rcfsrvkv `ltsrlicv (cicac`tkv actìimfkv } `k actìimfkv- |sc vmrzl` c` ilv m`dsvtrmlv dci dcvlrrkiik (tcf`kikbálv-. (tcf`kikbálv-. Cv s` ma~krtl`tc l~krtc ~lrl czlislr il i l flimdld dci acdmk laomc`tc } |sc vmrzl v mrzl ~lrl rcfk`kfcr ikv aítkdkv dc rcdsffmö`) ltc`slfmö` } amtmblfmö` dc ikv ma~lftkv laomc`tlicv krmbm`ldkv ~kr ilv dmvtm`tlv m`dsvtrmlv m `dsvtrmlv dc dcvlrrkiik. Il bck|sáamfl cv s`l hcrrlamc`tl ma~krtl`tc c` ci rcfk`kfmamc`tk dc ikv ~rkfcvkv rcilfmk`ldkv l c`tkr`kv omkiöbmfkv `kralicv } cxtrcakv. 3.<.<

FK@FC^TKV BC@C_LICV

Il jkralfmö` dc ikv lftslicv c`tkr`kv rkfkvkv) ikv ~rkfcvkv dc dcjkralfmö` dc ikv amvakv } ikv jc`öac`kv dc litcrlfmö` } dmvtrmosfmö` ~kvtcrmkrcv l ikv ca~ilwlamc`tkv jkral` c` fk`gs`tk il fldc`l czkistmzl dc il fkrtcwl tcrrcvtrc. Ikv ~rkfcvkv dc m`tcrrcilfmö` ~rktlbk`mwldkv ~kr ikv c`tkr`kv rkfkvkv } ikv lbc`tcv ltakvjírmfkv vc flrlftcrmwl` ~kr|sc bc`crliac`tc tmc`c` dsrlfmk`cv ilrblv) vc

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~rkdsfc` m`tcrflaomkv c`crbítmfkv } altcrmlicv dc al`crl tli |sc vc fk`vcrzl ci c|smimormk `ltsrli5 ldcaìv dc ~rkdsfmrvc c` cvtc ~rkfcvk ci jc`öac`k dc frclfmö` dc `sczkv altcrmlicv) ikv fslicv vcrì` czmdc`fml dci tm~k dc krmbc` |sc m`tcrzm`k c` il `ltsrlicwl } |sc dcjm`mö ikv rl`bkv dc m`tcrflaomk c`trc ci c`tkr`k } ci acdmk czkistmzk. ^lrl s`l acgkr fka~rc`vmö`) cv fk`zc`mc`tc rczmvlr libs`kv fk`fc~tkv7 AM@C_LIMWLFMÖ@ Il am`crlimwlfmö` cv ci ~rkfcvk dc jkralfmö` } dmvtrmosfmö` dc fka~scvtkv |sáamfkv c` il fkrtcwl tcrrcvtrc) c`tc`dmí`dkvc |sc cxmvtc` dmzcrvkv tm~kv dc am`crlimwlfmö`) lvkfmldkv l ilv flrlftcrávtmflv jávmflv } |sáamflv dc ikv c`tkr`kv c` ikv |sc vc dc~kvmtl` } |sc vk` m`hcrc`tcv l ívtlv. C` vs brl` al}král ikv ~rkfcvkv dc am`crlimwlfmö` kfsrrc` c` laomc`tcv c` ikv |sc cxmvtc` dkv tm~kv dc jlvcv k acdmkv) ci ~rmacrk vc flrlftcrmwl ~kr ~rccxmvtmr k ca~ilwlrvc l`tcrmkr li vcbs`dk } ~kr ~kvccr ilv flrlftcrávtmflv jávmflv } |sáamflv ö~tmalv ~lrl ci ci dcvlrrkiik dci dci vcbs`dk. vcbs`dk. Ikv ~rkfcvkv dc am`crlimwlfmö` ~scdc` vcr ~rmalrmkv lvkfmldkv l brl`dcv cvtrsftsrlv bckiöbmflv } l ~rkfcvkv tcftö`mfk (fm`tsrk`cv actlikbc`ítmfkv) actliktcftkv) m`trsvmk`cv) velr`) hmdrktcralimvak- } vcfs`dlrmkv (c` s`l cvflil ikfli) ~kvtcrmkrcv l ikv ca~ilwlamc`tkv ~rmambc`mkv) rcilfmk`ldkv l il actckrmwlfmö` } ci trl`v~krtc dc altcrmlicv vs~crjmfmli } olgk ci vsovscik-. DMV^C_VMÖ@ BCK\SÁAMFL Asfhkv dc~övmtkv am`crlicv dc krmbc` áb`ck k hmdrktcrali vc flrlftcrmwl` ~kr il ~rcvc`fml dc s`l wk`l fc`trli) tli fkak s`l zctl) c` il fsli) ikv am`crlicv k cicac`tkv dc zlikr ~scdc` cvtlr fk`fc`trldkv c` ~krfc`tlgcv cfk`öamfkv. Ci brldk dc fk`fc`trlfmö` dc ikv cicac`tkv dc zlikr ~rcvc`tcv c` dmfhl wk`l fc`trli dci dc~övmtk ~scdc vcr dc trcv tm~kv7 !

C` s` rl`bk litk) Fkak c` ci flvk dc dc~övmtkv dc olrmtl) jiskrmtl k al`bl`cvk.

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C` s` rl`bk dc olgk ~krfc`tlgc) Fkak c` ci flvk dc dc~övmtkv dc ~ikak } wm`f.

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C` s` rl`bk dc ~lrtcv ~kr amiiö` (~.~.a.-) fkak c` ci flvk dc krk } ~iltm`k.

Lircdcdkr dc dmfhl wk`l fc`trli dci dc~övmtk) c` il al}král dc ikv flvkv cxmvtc s`l dmvam`sfmö` ~rkbrcvmzl c` ci fk`tc`mdk dc cicac`tkv dc zlikr c` il rkfl |sc il c`flgk`l) hlvtl |sc ci fk`tc`mdk dc dmfhk cicac`tk lifl`wl ci dci zlikr `krali dc il rkfl c`flgk`l`tc) } cv filvmjmfldl fkak olfebrks`d dci tcrrc`k. Ci ìrcl |sc rkdcl l

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il wk`l fc`trli dci dc~övmtk) c` il fsli ci fk`tc`mdk dc cicac`tkv dc m`tcrív dmvam`s}c hlfml ikv zlikrcv dc olfebrks`d dci tcrrc`k cv iilaldl hlik k lsrckil ~rmalrml. Ikv hlikv ~rmalrmkv rc~rcvc`tl` ikv ~ltrk`cv dc dmvtrmosfmö` dc ikv cicac`tkv |sc jscrk` dc~kvmtldkv fkak rcvsitldk dc s`l dmv~crvmö` ~rmalrml) cvtkv cv) il dmvtrmosfmö` k rcdmvtrmosfmö` dc dmfhkv cicac`tkv tszk isblr c` ci laomc`tc ~rmalrmk) ik |sc ma~imfl |sc il dmv~crvmö` dc cicac`tkv jsc krmbm`ldl ~kr ~rkfcvkv dci m`tcrmkr dc il tmcrrl } |sc | sc ci hlik jsc jkraldk li amvak tmca~k) k flvm li amvak tmca~k) |sc il wk`l fc`trli dci }lfmamc`tk. Ci hlik ~scdc zlrmlr fk`vmdcrloicac`tc fk`vmdcrloicac`tc c` tlalük } jkral j kral fk` rcv~cftk l il akrjkikbál } tlalük dci fscr~k am`crli ca~ilwldk. Libs`kv hlikv ~rmalrmkv ~scdc` vcr dctcftldkv l dmvtl`fml dc fmc`tkv dc actrkv) amc`trlv |sc ktrkv `k tmc`c` aìv |sc libs`kv fc`táactrkv dc l`fhk. Ikv hlikv ~rmalrmkv ~scdc` lvsamr s`l zlrmcdld m`jm`mtl dc jkralv dcomdk l ik zlrmloic dci akzmamc`tk dc ikv jismdkv c` ilv rkflv (jmbsrl @· 3.<-.

Jmbsrl @· 3.<7 Wk`lamc`tkv dc Am`crlimwlfmö` c` Vmvtcalv dc Vsijsrlfmö` Jsc`tc7.s`liacd.cds.fk+kdrmbscw Jsc`tc7.s`liacd.cds.fk+kdrmbscw+Bck|smamfl+cx~ikrlfmk`# +Bck|smamfl+cx~ikrlfmk`#?>bck|smamfl ?>bck|smamfl.hta .hta

Libs`kv dc ikv jlftkrcv ~rm`fm~licv |sc dctcram`l` ci tlalük } il jkral dc s` hlik ~rmalrmk vk`7

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Fk`dmfmk`cv dc akzmimdld dc ikv cicac`tkv c` vkisfmö`

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Zkiltmimdld dc ikv cicac`tkv

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Tc`dc`fml l jkralr am`crlicv cxtrlükv cx trlükv

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Jlftkrcv jávmfkv tli fkak zmvfkvmdld } ~rcvmö` dci albal

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Tc`dc`fml dc ikv jismdkv l rclffmk`lr fk` il rkfl rk fl hsív~cd (fkak flimwlv-. OFH. AL_EK CDSL_DK FLVTLÜCDL WLZLICTL


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Amfrkjrlftsrlv c` ilv rkflv

Asfhkv hlikv ~rmalrmkv) cv~cfmliac`tc l|sciikv c` dk`dc ikv cicac`tkv hl` vmdk m`trkdsfmdkv c` rkflv alvmzlv `k jrlftsrldlv) ascvtrl` c` jkral flrlftcrávtmfl s`l dmvam`sfmö` ikblrátamfl dcvdc il wk`l am`crlimwldl hlfml il wk`l dc olfebrks`d . Ikv hlikv ~rmalrmkv hl` vmdk filvmjmfldkv fk`vmdcrl`dk ci tmca~k dc ca~ilwlamc`tk } il bckactrál dcvlrrkiildl ~kr ci hlik. Fk` rcv~cftk li tmca~k dc ca~ilwlamc`tk vc rcfk`kfc` dkv tm~kv 7 !

Hlikv ~rmalrmkv vm`bc`ítmfkv vm`bc`ítmfkv

Jkraldkv cvc`fmliac`tc c` jkral fk`tca~krì`cl fk` il rkfl c`flgk`l`tc) ~kr cgca~ik) hlikv lvkfmldkv l ~cbaltmtlv k vcbrcblfmk`cv vcbrcblfmk`cv sitrlaìjmflv. !

Hlikv ~rmalrmkv c~mbc`ítmfkv

Jkraldkv dcv~sív |sc il rkfl hl frmvtlimwldk } rcvsitl` ~kr il m`trkdsffmö` dc vkisfmk`cv am`crlimwldlv l ik ilrbk dc jrlftsrlv) jliilv } vs~crjmfmcv dc dcomimdld c` dk`dc vk` ca~ilwldlv cvlv vkisfmk`cv. Fk` rcv~cftk l ilv flrlftcrávtmflv bckaítrmflv dcvlrrkiildlv) ikv hlikv ~rmalrmkv vk` filvmjmfldkv vcb÷` Hlecv <=23) c`7 !

Akdcikv rcbmk`licv

_cvsitldk dc s`l la~iml ma~rcb`lfmö` (hlvtl zlrmkv emiöactrkv- dc s`l brl` alvl rkfkvl) ~kr vkisfmk`cv hmdrktcralicv s ktrkv jismdkv |sc cal`lrk` dc wk`lv ~rkjs`dlv. !

Akdcikv dc jmitrlfmö`

^rcvc`tl` vmvtcalv dc fk`dsftkv dc vkisfmk`cv omc` dcjm`mdlv |sc fkrrcv~k`dc` l rlvbkv cvtrsftsrlicv ~kr dk`dc vc hl` akzmimwldk ilv vkisfmk`cv. !

Akdcikv dc rkfl c`flgk`l`tc

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cvtkv) il rkfl ld}lfc`tc l ikv fk`dsftkv ~kr ilv |sc fmrfsilrk` ilv vkisfmk`cv) hl vmdk akdmjmfldl ~kr lftmzmdld l ftmzmdld hmdrktcrali (litcrlfmk`cv hmdrktcralicv-. LBC@TCV DC DMV^C_VMÖ@ BCK\SÁAMFL Vk` l|sciikv acdmkv |sc jlfmimtl` k fk`trmos}c` l il dmvtrmosfmö` bck|sáamfl c` il fkrtcwl) cvtkv lbc`tcv vk` dmzcrvkv } zlrál` dc lfscrdk l ilv fk`dmfmk`cv c` ilv |sc vc ca~ilwl` ikv vmvtcalv am`crlimwldkv.

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Ikv lbc`tcv dc dmv~crvmö` aìv fkas`cv vk` ikv zki÷ac`cv hádrmfkv ~rmalrmkv k lbslv dc krábc`cv albaìtmfkv) ikv zl~krcv am`crlimwldkv) ilv lbslv dc m`jmitrlfmö`) fkrrmc`tcv vs~crjmfmlicv dc lbsl (|scorldlv) rákv-) bilfmlrcv) zmc`tk } ktrkv. JLFTK_CV DC DMV^C_VMÖ@ BCK\SÁAMFL Ikv jlftkrcv dc dmvtrmosfmö` dc ikv cicac`tkv vk` l|sciikv |sc fk`dmfmk`l` ci akzmamc`tk k dm`lamvak dc ívtkv. Ikv jlftkrcv dc dmv~crvmö` bck|sáamfl bck|sáamfl vk` dmvtm`tkv vm il am`crlimwlfmö` vc ca~ilwl olgk ci vsovscik l l|sciikv c` ikv |sc il am`crlimwlfmö` vc ikflimwl k ljikrl c` vs~crjmfmc k as} fcrfl f crfl dc ciil. Dc`trk dc ikv ~rm`fm~licv jlftkrcv dc am`crlimwlfmö` am`crlimwlfmö` tc`cakv7 ! ! ! ! !

Flrlftcrávtmflv tcftö`mflv (jrlftsrlamc`tkv) jliilv) ìrclv dc jrlbac`tlfmö` bc`crldlv dsrl`tc ci ca~ilwlamc`tk-. ^rcvmö` } tca~crltsrl t ca~crltsrl dc ikv c`tkr`kv am`crlimwldkv. Lfmdcw } liflim`mdld dci vmvtcal. ^rcvmö` } tca~crltsrl t ca~crltsrl laomc`tlicv k ltakvjírmflv. Vmvtcalv dc drc`lgc (vs~crjmfmli } vsotcrrì`ck-.

DMVKFMLFMÖ@ Il dmvkfmlfmö` cv s` ~rkfcvk |sc tkal ~lrtc dc`trk dc ikv ~rkfcvkv dc dmv~crvmö` bck|sáamfl) vcl` ~rmalrmkv k vcfs`dlrmkv. Cv ci jc`öac`k dc dmvbrcblfmö` k vc~lrlfmö` dc ikv altcrmlicv ~rccxmvtc`tcv vcb÷` il vsvfc~tmomimdld dc ívtkv l vcr ljcftldkv ~kr ikv lbc`tcv dc dmv~crvmö`. Il dmvkfmlfmö` ~scdc vcr dc dkv tm~kv) jávmfk) acdml`tc il dcvjrlbac`tlfmö` k dmvbrcblfmö` dc ikv fka~k`c`tcv rkfkvkv } am`crlimwldkv } |sáamfk) l trlzív dc il dmvkisfmö`) jkralfmö` dc fka~icgkv) kxmdlfmö` } ~rcfm~mtlfmö` dci vmvtcal ~rccxmvtc`tc. LFMDCW ] LIFLIM@MDLD Il flimdld dci lbsl } ci jlftkr dc rcilfmö` c`trc lfmdcw } liflim`mdld (~H- vk` l ac`sdk ac`fmk`ldkv c` il amval jrlvc. Ci ~H cv s` jlftkr as} ma~krtl`tc) ~kr|sc dctcram`ldkv ~rkfcvkv |sáamfkv vkilac`tc ~scdc` tc`cr isblr l s` dctcram`ldk ~H. ^kr cgca~ik) c` s` acdmk flrok`ltldk) il dmvkisfmö` k dmvkfmlfmö` |sáamfl dc ilv lbslv vcrì aìv lfcicrldl vm ci ~H dc vs zkisac` cv ac`kr l : (lbslv fk` fk`tc`mdkv actìimfkv) vsijsrkvkv k vsijltldkv-. Ci ~H cv s` m`dmfldkr dc il lfmdcw dc s`l vsvtl`fml. Cvtì dctcram`ldk ~kr ci `÷acrk dc mk`cv imorcv dc hmdröbc`k (H%- c` s`l vsvtl`fml. Il lfmdcw cv s`l dc ilv ~rk~mcdldcv aìv ma~krtl`tcv dci lbsl. Ci lbsl dmvscizc flvm tkdkv ikv mk`cv. Ci ~H

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vmrzc fkak s` m`dmfldkr |sc fka~lrl libs`kv dc ikv mk`cv aìv vkisoicv c` lbsl. Ci rcvsitldk dc s`l acdmfmö` dc ~H zmc`c dctcram`ldk ~kr s`l fk`vmdcrlfmö` c`trc ci `÷acrk dc ~rktk`cv (mk`cv H %- } ci `÷acrk dc mk`cv hmdrkxmik (KH!-. Fsl`dk ci `÷acrk dc ~rktk`cv mbslil li `÷acrk dc mk`cv hmdrkxmik) ci lbsl cv `cstrl. Tc`drì c`tk`fcv s` ~H lircdcdkr dc 2. Ci ~H dci lbsl ~scdc zlrmlr c`trc > } <4. Fsl`dk ci ~H dc s`l vsvtl`fml cv al}kr dc 2) cv s`l vsvtl`fml oìvmfl. Fsl`dk ci ~H dc s`l vsvtl`fml cvtì ~kr dcolgk dc 2) cv s`l vsvtl`fml ìfmdl. Fsl`tk aìv vc licgc ci ~H ~kr c`fmal k ~kr dcolgk dc 2) aìv oìvmfl k ìfmdl vcrì il vkisfmö`. Ci ~H cv s` jlftkr ikblrátamfk5 fsl`dk s`l vkisfmö` vc zscizc dmcw zcfcv aìv ìfmdl) ci ~H dmvam`smrì c` s`l s`mdld. Fsl`dk s`l vkisfmö` vc zscizc fmc` zcfcv aìv ìfmdl) ci ~H dmvam`smrì c` dkv s`mdldcv. Ci tíram`k fka÷` ~lrl rcjcrmrvc li ~H cv il liflim`mdld. TCA^C_LTS_L Il tca~crltsrl cv s` jlftkr as} ma~krtl`tc) li akac`tk dc dcvlrrkiilrvc ilv rclffmk`cv |sáamflv) cv s` fltlimwldkr |sc ~cramtc k ma~mdc ci vsfcvk k fka~ictlfmö` dc s` m`tcrflaomk mö`mfk. m ö`mfk. Vmc`dk cvtk fk`vtl`tc cxmvtc s`l rcilfmö` dmrcftl c`trc ci zlikr dc il tca~crltsrl } il zcikfmdld l il |sc cvtlv rclffmk`cv vc ~rkdsfc`) c` il wk`l cxmvtc` ìrclv am`crlimwldlv) ~rkzc`mc`tcv dc s`l jsc`tc bck|sáamfl dc dmv~crvmö`. Fk`jkrac li fk`tlftk c`trc ilv lbslv vsotcrrì`clv fk` ci c`tkr`k am`crlimwldk) il tca~crltsrl dc ilv amvalv lsac`tlrì } dsrl`tc ci ~lvk ~kr zki÷ac`cv flrok`ltldkv ~crtc`cfmc`tcv l ilv Jkralfmk`cv Amts) ^sflrì } Fhs`sal}k) ikv ~rkfcvkv dc dmvkisfmö` } dmvkfmlfmö` jmvmfk|sáamfl vcrì` lfcicrldkv dcomdk l cvtl rcilfmö` dmrcftlac`tc ~rk~krfmk`li. FK@DSFTMZMDLD CIÍFT_MFL Il fk`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl cv il fl~lfmdld dci lbsl ~lrl fk`dsfmr cicftrmfmdld) cv dcfmr) cv s` m`dmfldkr dc il flrbl mö`mfl ~rcvc`tc c` ci zkisac` hádrmfk. Cxmvtc s`l rcilfmö` dmrcftl c`trc ci fk`tc`mdk mö`mfk ~rcvc`tc c` ci lbsl } ikv zlikrcv dc fk`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl5 cv dcfmr) l al}kr fk`tc`mdk mö`mfk dmvscitk) al}kr vcrì` ikv zlikrcv acdmdkv dc fk`dsftmzmdld f k`dsftmzmdld.. Il fk`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl frcfc fk` rcv~cftk li lsac`tk dc il tca~crltsrl) cvtk dcomdk l |sc il tca~crltsrl cv s` lbc`tc |sc lfcicrl k dcvlfcicrl ilv rclffmk`cv dc dmvkfmlfmö` jávmfl } |sáamfl dc ikv c`tkr`kv l trlzív dc ikv |sc ci lbsl vc asczc. Ikv zlikrcv dc fk`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl ~lrl lbslv fk`tm`c`tlicv zlrál c`trc <>> } ?>>> sV+fa l s`l tca~crltsrl `krali dc <8·F.

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DMVKISFMÖ@ DCI LBSL Ci lbsl cv s` vkizc`tc dc brl` fl`tmdld dc vlicv m`krbì`mflv) dc fka~scvtkv krbì`mfkv } dc blvcv. Cv il jlvc dmv~crvl`tc c` ci cvtldk fkikmdli dc il fíisil } il jlvc dmv~crvl il jkral` ilv ~rktcá`lv vkisoicv c` lbsl. C` il jmbsrl @· 3.? vc kovcrzl il vsvfc~tmomimdld dc ikv cicac`tkv l`tc il fl~lfmdld dc dmvkfmlfmö` } trl`v~krtc dc ilv lbslv (~rk~krfmö` c` rkfl zv ~rk~krfmö` ~ rk~krfmö` c` lbsl-.

Jmbsrl @· 3.?7 Akzmimdld \sáamfl dc Cicac`tkv \sáamfkv Akdmjmfldk dc Bliilrdct ct li. (?>>3-) Trlfc Cicac`tv M`fisdcd m` _mzcr Rltcrv

@k vc fk`kfc l il jcfhl ktrk fka~scvtk fk a~scvtk fkak ci lbsl |sc ~kvcl cvtlv ~rk~mcdldcv l il zcw. ^kr cgca~ik) ci dmactmivsijöxmdk ~kvcc s`l fk`vtl`tc dmciíftrmfl brl`dc } cv s`l osc`l olvc dc Icmv ~crk `k jkral ~sc`tcv dc hmdröbc`k5 ci jiskrsrk dc hmdröbc`k (ìfmdk jiskrhádrmfk- tmc`c s`l fk`vtl`tc dmciíftrmfl brl`dc } jkral ~sc`tcv dc hmdröbc`k ~crk `k cv osc`l olvc dc Icmv5 } lak`álfk blvckvk cv osc`l olvc dc Icmv } jkral ~sc`tcv dc hmdröbc`k ~crk `k tmc`c s`l fk`vtl`tc fk `vtl`tc dmciíftrmfl brl`dc. Fsl`dk vc dmvscizc s` vöimdk k s` iá|smdk ilv s`mdldcv cvtrsftsrlicv (mk`cv k akiífsilv- vc vc~lrl` s`l dc ktrl } ci cv~lfmk c`trc ciilv cv kfs~ldk ~kr s`l akiífsil dci vkizc`tc. Dsrl`tc ci ~rkfcvk cv `cfcvlrmk vsam`mvtrlr c`crbál ~lrl zc`fcr ilv jscrwlv m`tcrmö`mflv k m`tcrakicfsilrcv) il |sc cv l~krtldl ~kr il jkralfmö` dc s`mk`cv c`trc ~lrtáfsilv dci vkistk } akiífsilv dci vkizc`tc. Vkilac`tc ci lbsl } vkizc`tcv as} ~kilrcv ~scdc` dmvkizcr c` fl`tmdld l~rcfmloic fka~scvtkv mö`mfkv) |sc dcomdk l ilv ltrlffmk`cv cicftrkvtìtmflv jkral` cìlfcv mk`!dm~kik) ikv fslicv l~krtl` c`crbál vsjmfmc`tc ~lrl zc`fcr ilv jscrwlv m`tcrmö`mflv c` ci frmvtli. f rmvtli. C` ci ~rkfcvk dc dmvkisfmö` fldl mk` cv rkdcldk ~kr asfhlv akiífsilv dci vkizc`tc (vkizltlfmö`-. Ldcaìv s` vkizc`tc ~lrl |sc ~scdl dmvkizcr l ikv fka~scvtkv mö`mfkv `cfcvmtl tc`cr s`l fk`vtl`tc dmciíftrmfl as} brl`dc) cv dcfmr) |sc dcoc tc`cr ~rk~mcdldcv as} lmvil`tcv ~lrl dmvam`smr il ltrlffmö` c`trc ikv mk`cv dc flrbl k~scvtl

3?




s`l zcw |sc vc c`fsc`trc` vkizltldkv. Ci lbsl cv s` vkizc`tc as} ma~krtl`tc dc fka~scvtkv mö`mfkv dcomdk l vs ~kilrmdld) l vs ciczldl fk`vtl`tc dmciíftrmfl } l |sc vs brs~k !KH ic ~cramtc jkralr ~sc`tcv dc hmdröbc`k. Cv fl~lw dc rclimwlr il dmvkfmlfmö` dc fltmk`cv (mk`cv fk` flrbl ~kvmtmzl- c` vs ~kik `cbltmzk (cvc`fmliac`tc vsv cicftrk`cv `k fka~lrtmdkv- } l`mk`cv (mk`cv fk` flrbl `cbltmzl- ~kr acdmk dc ~sc`tcv dc hmdröbc`k. hmd röbc`k. FKA^KVMFMÖ@ @LTS_LI DC ILV LBSLV Dc lfscrdk l cvtsdmkv dcvlrrkiildkv l`tcrmkrac`tc vc hl` cvtloicfmdk fmcrtkv fka~k`c`tcv |sc `kraliac`tc fka~k`c` il cvtrsftsrl akicfsilr dci lbsl) dmvscitkv k jkral`dk ~lrtc dc vs zkisac` c` akzmamc`tk. Cxmvtc` vsvtl`fmlv |sc vc c`fsc`trl` c `fsc`trl` dmvscitlv c` ilv lbslv `ltsrlicv) c` ~rk~krfmk`cv ma~krtl`tcv fkak vk` ikv fikrsrkv (Fi!-) vsijltkv (VK4!-) omflrok`ltkv (FK6H!-) ci vkdmk (@l%-) ci Flifmk (Fl%%- } ci alb`cvmk (Ab %%-. Ikv l`mk`cv @mtrltk (@K6!- } flrok`ltk (FK6!!- lvá fkak ci fltmö` ~ktlvmk (E%- vk` fk`vmdcrldkv jrcfsc`tcac`tc dc`trk dci brs~k dc ikv mk`cv js`dlac`tlicv ls`|sc c` bc`crli vsv ~rk~krfmk`cv vk` ~c|scülv) l zcfcv tlaomí` vc m`fis}c li mö` Jcrrkvk (Jc %%-. Tlaomí` ikv blvcv |sc ~kdrál` fk`vmdcrlrvc fkak m`jis}c`tcv c` il fka~kvmfmö` fka~kvmfmö` dc ilv lbslv lbslv vk` ci l`hmdrmdk flroö`mfk flroö`mfk (FK ?- } ci kxábc`k dmvscitk (K?-. Bc`crliac`tc ci rcvtk dc mk`cv |sc ~kdrál` c`fk`trlrvc c` ci lbsl jkral` ac`kv dci <# dci fk`tc`mdk mö`mfk tktli) libs`kv m`fisvk jkral` ~lrtc dc ikv cicac`tkv trlwl) ~kr dcolgk dc ikv zlikrcv dci >.>>>< ~lrtcv ~kr amiiö`. C` il i l jmbsrl @· 3.?) vc ascvtrl s` cv|scal dc il fka~kvmfmö` dc ikv ~rm`fm~licv cicac`tkv dc`trk dci lbsl) dc lfscrdk l Bliilrdct ct li (?>>:-.

Jmbsrl @· 3.67 Los`dl`fml dc Cicac`tkv c` lbsl dc _ákv Akdmjmfldk dc Bliilrdct ct li. (?>>3- Trlfc Cicac`tv M`fisdcd m` _mzcr Rltcrv

36


CL^ M@BC@MC_ÁL BCKIÖBMFL JMBAAB!S@AVA 3.<.?


BCK\SÁAMFL LAOMC@TLI

Cv il dmvfm~im`l dc il bck|sáamfl |sc cvtsdml ikv czc`tkv imbldkv li c`tkr`k dci vcr hsal`k) |sc ljcftl` dmrcftlac`tc l il vlisd ~÷oimfl. Cxmvtc` cicac`tkv } fka~scvtkv f ka~scvtkv |sáamfkv (fkak ci ~ikak k ci `mtrltk- dc fs}l fk`fc`trlfmö`) l÷` c` ~c|scülv fl`tmdldcv) ~rcvc`tl` s`l brl` tkxmfmdld k rcvsitl` c`kracac`tc fl`fcrábc`kv ~lrl ci krbl`mvak5 ikv kimbkcicac`tkv (ji÷kr) fkolitk) `á|sci) ctf.-) ~kr ci fk`trlrmk) vk` cvc`fmlicv ~lrl ci krbl`mvak c` ~c|scülv fl`tmdldcv) amc`trlv |sc ci lsac`tk c` vs fk`fc`trlfmö` ikv fk`zmcrtc c` töxmfkv. Ci vsvtrltk rkfkvk ma~rmac brl` ~lrtc dc ilv flrlftcrávtmflv |sáamflv dc s` vscik) vsv cicac`tkv) il zcbctlfmö` |sc zl l dcvlrrkiilr } ikv mk`cv c` dmvkisfmö` dc ilv lbslv vsotcrrì`clv cxmvtc`tcv. Ci l`ìimvmv dc cvtkv dltkv cv s`l l}sdl m`cvtmaloic ~lrl ci fk`trki dc ilv wk`lv dc ~cimbrk dk`dc cxmvtl` cicac`tkv) k am`crlicv ~ktc`fmliac`tc töxmfkv) k fl`fcrábc`kv. ^kr cgca~ik) ci vcic`mk cv dlüm`k ~lrl ci dcvlrrkiik dc il zmdl l`mali c` wk`lv dc cxfcvmzk rcbldák5 il fk`fc`trlfmö` dc blv rldö` c` wk`lv dc cvflvl zc`tmilfmö`) m`fmdc c` ci fì`fcr dc ~siaö`5 } ci fk`vsak ~rkik`bldk dc lbslv fk` `mtrltkv c` dmvkisfmö`) rcvsitl fl`fcrábc`l. 3.<.6

L@ÌIMVMV BCK\SÁAMFKV

Ilv tíf`mflv dc l`ìimvmv bck|sáamfkv tmc`c` ~kr kogctk dctcram`lr il fka~kvmfmö` |sáamfl dc ikv altcrmlicv) }l vcl dc jkral dmrcftl vkorc il ~rk~ml ascvtrl) k acdml`tc c`vl}kv fk` rclftmzkv (zál h÷acdl-. Vc stmimwl` dmzcrvkv l~lrltkv) fkak cv~cftröactrkv dc alvl) cv~cftrkjktöactrkv } ktrkv. Ikv rcvsitldkv dc ikv l`ìimvmv vc dl` c` jkral dc öxmdkv (VmK?) FlK) Li?K6) ctf- k c` jkral dc cicac`tkv) tl`tk fltmk`cv fkak l`mk`cv (VK 4!!) @l%) ctf-) |sc ~cramtc` trlwlr brìjmflv } dmlbrlalv dc brl` zlikr ~lrl dcdsfmr acfl`mvakv dc jkralfmö` } ~rkfcdc`fml dc altcrmlicv. Tkdkv ikv aítkdkv dci l`ìimvmv fslimtltmzk vc olvl` c` il jkralfmö` dc fka~scvtkv m`vkisoicv acdml`tc dmzcrvkv rclftmzkv) lbrcbldkv vsfcvmzlac`tc l il dmvkisfmö`) dcv~sív dc vc~lrlr ~kr jmitrlfmö` ci ~rcfm~mtldk jkraldk c` fldl flvk. Fldl ~rcfm~mtldk) |sc fk`tmc`c s` brs~k rcdsfmdk dc mk`cv) vc dmvscizc dcv~sív) tktli k ~lrfmliac`tc c` ikv rclftmzkv l~rk~mldkv5 vc lbrcbl` `sczkv rclftmzkv ~lrl jkralr ~rcfm~mtldkv fk` s` `÷acrk fldl zcw ac`kr dc mk`cv hlvtl iicblr l s` ÷`mfk fka~scvtk m`vkisoic |sc flrlftcrmwl s` ~lrtmfsilr mk`. Il jkralfmö` dc fka~scvtkv m`vkisoicv } il rcdmvkisfmö` dc ~rcfm~mtldkv (~kr jkralfmö` dc s` fka~scvtk akicfsilr k mö`mfk) ~kfk mk`mwldk- fk`vtmts}c` ikv ~rkfcvkv |sáamfkv l`liátmfkv. Il l~imflfmö` vmvtcaìtmfl dci ~rm`fm~mk dci ~rkdsftk dc vkisomimdld fk`vtmts}c il olvc tcörmfl dc tkdl |sáamfl l`liátmfl fslimtltmzl. Il dctcram`lfmö` fsl`tmtltmzl dc s`l vsvtl`fml k dc s`

34




mk` fk`tc`mdk c` s` dctcram`ldk ~rkdsftk k c` s`l dmvkisfmö`) ~scdc rclimwlrvc dc dkv al`crlv7 brlzmaítrmfl } zkisaítrmflac`tc. Ikv aítkdkv brlzmaítrmfkv vc olvl` c` trl`vjkralr il vsvtl`fml k mk` c` s`l `sczl vsvtl`fml m`vkisoic) |sc vc lávil c` cvtldk ~srk } vc ~cvl5 ci fìifsik dc il fl`tmdld dc vsvtl`fml |sc vc dctcram`l cv màcdmltk. Ikv aítkdkv zkisaítrmfkv vc olvl` c` lbrcblr l s` zkisac` dcjm`mdk dc il dmvkisfmö` |sc fk`tmc`c il vsvtl`fml k mk` c` fscvtmö`) ci zkisac` ~rcfmvk dc dmvkisfmö` zlikrldl dci rclftmzk ldcfsldk) dc akdk |sc vc lbrcbsc cxlftlac`tc ci amvak `÷acrk dc c|smzlic`tcv dc rclftmzk |sc dc vsvtl`fml cxmvtc`tcv c` ci iá|smdk |sc vc m`zcvtmbl5 cvtc ~rkfcdmamc`tk rcfmoc ci `kaorc dc zlikrlfmö`. 3.<.4

BCK\SÁAMFL LÎMFLDL C@ IL WK@L CVTSDMLDL

Ci l`ìimvmv rclimwldk c` ikv lircdcdkrcv dci rák Amvhfl) vc hl dcvlrrkiildk stmimwl`dk ikv fk`fc~tkv oìvmfkv dc bck|sáamfl dc ilv lbslv) |sc tmc`c` vs rcfkrrmdk l trlzív dc ikv c`tkr`kv rkfkvkv flrok`ltldkv dc ilv Jkralfmk`cv Fk`dkrvm`bl) Amts } Fhs`sal}k5 lvá fkak tlaomí` vc asczc` dmvkfml`dk ilv flrlftcrávtmflv jávmflv } |sáamflv dci c`tkr`k am`crlimwldk. ^lrl ci cvtsdmk vc hl` l`limwldk m` vmts ilv flrlftcrávtmflv jávmflv } |sáamflv dc ikv dmvtm`tkv drc`lgcv |sc fk`jis}c` ~lrl jkralr j kralr li rák Amvhfl } fk`trmos}c` l vs flsdli) fkas`mfì`dkic tlaomí` ilv flrlftcrávtmflv m`hcrc`tcv dci c`tkr`k l trlzív dci fsli ívtkv vc asczc`. Kotc`mí`dkvc lvá s`l al}kr rcjcrc`fml lfcrfl dc ilv flrlftcrávtmflv am`crliöbmflv) ikv ~rkfcvkv dc dmv~crvmö` } ilv ~kvmoicv cxmvtc`fmlv dc }lfmamc`tkv cfk`öamflac`tc m`tcrcvl`tcv ca~ilwldkv c` ikv vmvtcalv vcdmac`tlrmkv flrok`ltldkv dc ilv Jkralfmk`cv Fk`dkrvm`bl) Amts } Fhs`sal}k. Fhs`sal}k. Czmdc`tcac`tc vc stmimwlrì` ikv fk`kfmamc`tkv dc bck|sáamfl ~lrl flrlftcrmwlr ikv zki÷ac`cv hádrmfkv) fk` ci jm` fmc`tájmfk dc c`fk`trlr ilv flsvlv dc ikv fk`tc`mdkv actìimfkv) ~lrl somflr ikv ~s`tkv c` ikv |sc ívtkv vk` l`öalikv k vs~crmkrcv l ktrkv) c` lrlv dc c`fk`trlr s`l gsvtmjmflfmö` vöimdl l ikv ~rkfcvkv dc dmv~crvmö` ~kr ~lrtc dc cvtc rák } vsv ~rm`fm~licv ljisc`tcv. Il flrlftcrmwlfmö` |sáamfl dc ilv lbslv dci rák Amvhfl } dc vsv ~rm`fm~licv ljisc`tcv cv l`limwldl dc lfscrdk l ilv flrlftcrávtmflv jávmflv } |sáamflv dci c`tkr`k rkfkvk. Cv ~kr ciik |sc c` fl~átsikv l`tcrmkrcv vc dcvfrmoc` fldl s`l dc ilv jkralfmk`cv bckiöbmflv ca~ilwldlv c` il wk`l) tkal`dk c` fsc`tl vs krmbc`) vs laomc`tc dc jkralfmö` } vsv ~ltrk`cv czkistmzkv |sc hl` krmbm`ldk fka~icgkv cvtrsftsrlicv l trlzív dc ikv fslicv vc hl` ikbrldk ca~ilwlr zki÷ac`cv am`crlimwldkv. am`crlimwldkv. Vc dcvfrmoc` tlaomí` ikv dmvtm`tkv drc`lgcv vs~crjmfmlicv } vsotcrrì`ckv) |sc ikbrl` akzcrvc l trlzív dc cvtc fka~icgk vmvtcal rkfkvk } c` libs`kv isblrcv c`fsc`trl`

33




fk`jisc`fml c`trc vá) lsac`tl`dk ikv flsdlicv } fkas`mfì`dkvc c`trc ciikv ilv dmvtm`tlv flrlftcrávtmflv jávmflv } |sáamflv dc ilv lfsasilfmk`cv imtkcvtrltmbrìjmflv ltrlzcvldlv k rcfkrrmdlv vs~crjmfmliac`tc dcvdc ilv wk`lv fk` fktlv aìv litlv. Ikv cvtsdmkv l~imfldkv l il hmdrkbck|sáamfl dci rák Amvhfl vc olvlrk` c` s`l actkdkikbál dc ascvtrck c` dmvtm`tkv ~s`tkv somfldkv l laolv aìrbc`cv dci amvak) c` wk`lv dk`dc fk`jisál fk` ktrkv drc`lgcv vs~crjmfmlicv } c` ìrclv c` ilv |sc ljikrlol` lbslv vsotcrrì`clv k dc m`jmitrlfmö` vsovs~crjmfmli (L`cxk >37 îl`k >?-. Ikv zlikrcv dc actlicv fk`tc`mdkv c` ilv lbslv dc il fsc`fl dci rák Amvhfl jscrk` dctcram`ldkv acdml`tc ci aítkdk dc îlval lfk~ildk m`dsftmzlac`tc svl`dk il tíf`mfl dc Cv~cftrkactrál dc Camvmö` Ö~tmfl (MF^ ! KCV- (L`cxk ><7 _c~krtc dc Ilokrltkrmk-. Il zc`tlgl dci l`ìimvmv MF^ cv vs iáamtc as} olgk dc dctcffmö`. Ci aítkdk MF^ cv cv~cfmliac`tc l~rk~mldk ~lrl il dctcram`lfmö` dc fk`fc`trlfmk`cv ~c|scülv dc cicac`tkv dmjáfmicv l ltkamwlr. _ÁK AMVHFL Ci rák Amvhfl `lfc c` ci c`fsc`trk dc ilv |scorldlv Alrflfhltl } _lglsrc) vs rcfkrrmdk cv dc aìv dc <3 emiöactrkv dcvdc ci vsrkcvtc hlfml ci `krcvtc fk` s`l ~c`dmc`tc dc rcfkrrmdk rcfkrrmdk ~rkacdmk dc dc <6#. C` vs rcfkrrmdk ltrlzmcvl ilv jkralfmk`cv jkralfmk`cv flrok`ltldlv dc Fhs`sal}k } Fk`dkrvm`bl (~crtc`cfmc`tc l il vcfsc`fml vs~crmkr dci Brs~k ^sflrì- } ilv jkralfmk`cv vcdmac`tlrmlv (fk`bikacrldkv) imakv) lrfmiilv) flrok`ltkv } hkrmwk`tcv lrc`ìfckv m`tcrflildkv fk` dc~övmtkv zkifì`mfkv dc `ltsrlicwl cx~ikvmzl) fk` iáamtcv kxmdldkv dc fkikrlfmk`cv rkgmwlv- dci Brs~k Amts. C` ci flsfc rcfkrrmdk ~kr ci rák Amvhfl) dcvdc vs `lfmamc`tk hlfml ilv wk`lv dc c`trcbl dc lbslv c` ci rák Vk`dk`dk) vc hl fk`vmdcrldk ~crtm`c`tc il tkal dc ascvtrlv dc ikv ~s`tkv dcvfrmtkv c` ci fsldrk @· 3.< 3 .< (L`cxk >37 îl`k >?-. Fsldrk @· 3.<7 Dcvfrm~fmö` dc ikv ~s`tkv ascvtrcldkv c` ci rák Amvhfl SOMF SO MFLF LFMM @ (ST (STA A ^V ^VLD LD ^S@TK DC JK_ALFMÖ@ 3:DCVF_M^FMÖ@ ASCVT_CK BCKIÖBMFL @K_TC CVTC FKTL _ák Amvhfl) c`trc ikv ~s`tkv Fhs`sal}k 843<>38 :<<=8< 6>2? TV!6 TV!?2 :>> Vlm`kgl fk` ci rák Amvhfl. _ák Amvhfl) lbslv lrrmol TV!3 l`tcv dc il fk`jisc`fml dc Fk`dkrvm`bl 843>2?3 :<6<:4 ?=8> ikv rákv ^la~l`l } Amvhfl _ák Amvhfl) lbslv lolgk TV!2 dcv~sív dc il fk`jisc`fml Fk`dkrvm`bl 843>2>> :<6?6: ?=23 dc ikv rákv ^la~l`l }

3:



^S@TK DC ASCVT_CK TV!8 TV!= TV!<6 TV!<4


DCVF_M^FMÖ@ Amvhfl. _ák Amvhfl) lbslv lrrmol dci ~s`tk TV!= _ák Amvhfl) l`tcv dc il c`trcbl dc lbslv dc il |scorldl Vlffiil`m li rák Amvhfl. _ák Amvhfl) dcv~sív dc il fk`jisc`fml dc il |scorldl Vlffiil`m fk` ci rák Amvhfl. _ák Amvhfl) 3> a l`tcv dc il fk`jisc`fml dci rák Amvhfl fk` ci rák Vk`dk`dk. Vk`dk`dk.

JK_ALFMÖ@ BCKIÖBMFL

SOMFLFMÖ@ (STA ^VLD 3:@K_TC CVTC FKTL

Amts

843<6:2 :<2<8<

?34?

Amts

843?>?6 :<86?>

?3??

Brl`mtk

843?<46 :<8336

?3>3

Brl`mtk

843?2<= :?>3:6

?682

L^K_TCV VS^C_JMFMLICV Ilv wk`lv c` ilv |sc ci rák Amvhfl tmc`c ljisc`tcv ma~krtl`tcv tlaomí` hl` vmdk czlisldkv) hl} |sc tkalr c` fsc`tl tlaomí` ci hcfhk dc |sc ci rcimczc dci rcfkrrmdk dci rák cv zlrmloic) cv ~kr ciik |sc `k vc hl ikbrldk lffcdcr l tkdkv ikv ljisc`tcv) ~crk ~kr frmtcrmk dc cvtsdmk vc fk`vmdcrl rciczl`tc ikv ~s`tkv tkaldkv c` il cx~ikrlfmö` |sc vc ascvtrl` c` ci fsldrk @· 3.? (L`cxk >37 îl`k >?-. Fsldrk @· 3.?7 Czlislfmö` c` ^rm`fm~licv Ljisc`tcv Vs~crjmfmlicv li rák Amvhfl SOMFLFMÖ@ (STA ^VLD ^S@TK DC JK_ALFMÖ@ 3:DCVF_M^FMÖ@ ASCVT_CK BCKIÖBMFL @K_TC CVTC FKTL \scorldl Alrflfhltl) lbslv TV!< lrrmol dc il fk`jisc`fml fk` il Fhs`sal}k 843>8:2 :<>4<6 6>=8 |scorldl _lglsrc. \scorldl _lglsrc) lbslv lrrmol dc il fk`jisc`fml dc il TV!? Fhs`sal}k 843<:32 :<>263 6?3> |scorldl _lglsrc fk` il |scorldl Alrflfhltl. \scorldl ^la~l`l) lbslv Fhs`sal}k lrrmol dc il fk`jisc`fml fk`jisc`fml dc dc il TV!: } 843>:8: :<6<38 ?=8> |scorldl ^la~l`l fk` ci rák Fk`dkrvm`bl Amvhfl. TV!<> \scorldl Vlffiil`m) ~lrtc litl Amts 8434<2: :<4343 62?3 \scorldl Vlffiil`m) ~lrtc TV!<< Amts 843666> :<:2?3 6>64 acdml \scorldl Vlffiil`m) lbslv lrrmol dc il fk`jisc`fml dc il TV! |scorldl Vlffiil`m fk` ci rák Amvhfl. _ák Vk`dk`dk) 3> a lbslv Brl`mtk dc TV!<3 lrrmol dc il fk`jisc`fml dci rák \scrkolaol 843?2>8 :?>:6> ?683

32



^S@TK DC ASCVT_CK

TV!<:


DCVF_M^FMÖ@


SOMFLFMÖ@ (STA ^VLD 3:@K_TC CVTC FKTL

Amvhfl fk` ci rák Vk`dk`dk. _ák Vk`dk`dk) <>> a lbslv lolgk dc il fk`jisc`fml dci rák Amvhfl fk` ci rák Vk`dk`dk.

Brl`mtk dc \scrkolaol

843?84>

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^L_ÌACT_KV JÁVMFK \SÁAMFKV C@ CI _ÁK AMVHFL

LIFLIM@MDLD!LFMDCW (~H-

Il czkisfmö` dc ikv zlikrcv acdmdkv dcvdc ci ~s`tk dc `lfmamc`tk dci rák Amvhfl hlvtl ci c`fsc`trk fk` ci rák Vk`dk`dk cv as} zlrmloic) czmdc`tcac`tc vc zc m`jisc`fmldl ~kr ikv ljisc`tcv vs~crjmfmlicv (|scorldlv } rákv- } ikv vsotcrrì`ckv |sc ljikrl` hlfml vs flsfc. Ikv zlikrcv dc ~H c` ci rák vc al`tmc`c` ~kr c`fmal dc 8) cv dcfmr ilv lbslv dci rák Amvhfl vk` dc flrìftcr oìvmfk k liflim`k) c` il jmbsrl @· 3.4 vc kovcrzl il czkisfmö` dc ikv zlikrcv dc ~H c` ci flsfc dci rák Amvhfl.

Jmbsrl @· 3.47 Czkisfmö` dci ~H l ik ilrbk dci flsfc dci rák Amvhfl Dc lfscrdk li c`tkr`k c` ci |sc vc akzmimwl` ikv zki÷ac`cv hádrmfkv vc ~kdrál m`jcrmr |sc il olvmfmdld vc dcoc ~rm`fm~liac`tc l ilv rkflv flrok`ltldlv ~crtc`cfmc`tcv l ikv vmvtcalv imtkcvtrltmbrìjmfkv Fhs`sal}k } Fk`dkrvm`bl) fk` hkrmwk`tcv dc flimwlv) dkikamtlv } alrblv |sc vk` jìfmiac`tc dmvkfmloicv jávmfl } |sáamflac`tc dcvdc vsv jsc`tcv k ca~ilwlamc`tkv.

:3



!


TCA^C_LTS_L

C` il jmbsrl 3.3 vc ascvtrl ci fka~krtlamc`tk dc il tca~crltsrl l ik ilrbk dci flsfc dci rák Amvhfl) dcvdc vs `lfmc`tc (TV!6- hlvtl ci ~s`tk dc fk`zcrbc`fml fk` il |scorldl ^la~l`l (TV!<4-.

Jmbsrl @· 3.37 Czkisfmö` dc il Tca~crltsrl Tc a~crltsrl c` ci rák Amvhfl S`l dc ilv flsvlv m`jis}c`tcv c` cvtl dmjcrc`fml dc zlikrcv) cv il rcilfmk`ldl fk` il m`fmdc`fml dc rldmlfmö` vkilr vkorc ikv flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv dsrl`tc ci dál) ik |sc m`frcac`tl ci zlikr dc tca~crltsrl) `k vmc`dk ci flvk dc ikv zki÷ac`cv dc m`jmitrlfmö`) |sc vc asczc` c` wk`lv c` ilv |sc il c`trldl dc rldmlfmö` vkilr } ~kr fk`vmbsmc`tc dc trl`vjcrc`fml dc flikr tmc`c zlikrcv aá`makv. Ktrl dc ilv flsvlv cv il c`trldl c` vs flsdli dc zki÷ac`cv ~rkzc`mc`tcv dc lbslv vsotcrrì`clv } ljisc`tcv vs~crjmfmlicv fk` ~rk~mcdldcv tíramflv dmvtm`tlv. !

FK@DSFTMZMDLD CIÍFT_MFL

Ikv zlikrcv dc fk`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl czlisldkv c` ci flsfc dci rák Amvhfl tmc`c` s` fka~krtlamc`tk l`mvktrö~mfk) m`jisc`fmldk ~rm`fm~liac`tc ~rm`fm~liac`tc ~kr il l~lrmfmö` l ik ilrbk dc vs rcfkrrmdk) dc ljisc`tcv vs~crjmfmlicv } vsotcrrì`ckv |sc akdmjmfl` ci fka~krtlamc`tk `krali dc il fk`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl dci rák amvak5 lvá tc`cakv zlikrcv jisftsl`tcv c`trc ikv 6>= } ikv 4:6 sV+fa) ikv fslicv tlaomí` zlrál` fk` ci rcfkrrmdk dci rák) cv `cfcvlrmk ac`fmk`lr ilv wk`lv dk`dc ilv ~c`dmc`tcv vk` al}krcv l ikv 6>·) hcfhk |sc jlzkrcfc il fl~lfmdld dc dmvkfmlfmö` dc ilv lbslv |sc tmc`c` vs rcfkrrmdk l ik ilrbk dc wk`lv am`crlimwldlv fkak l|sciilv ca~ilwldlv c` il Jkralfmö` Fk`dkrvm`bl) ~kr dk`dc tmc`c vs rcfkrrmdk il |scorldl Vlffiil`m) |sc trlc fk`vmbk cicac`tkv ~lrtmfsildkv } dmvscitkv dc cvtc actliktcftk. C` il jmbsrl 3.: vc zc il czkisfmö` dc il fk`dsftmzmdld f k`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl c` ci rák Amvhfl.

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Jmbsrl @· 3.:7 Czkisfmö` C zkisfmö` dc il fk`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl ciíftrmfl c` ci rák Amvhfl 3.6.?

!

^L_ÌACT_KV JMVMFK\SÁAMFKV C@ LJISC@TCV VS^C_JMFMLICV

LFMDCW!LIFLIM@MDLD (~H-

C` il jmbsrl @· 3.2 vc ~scdc kovcrzlr ci fka~krtlamc`tk rciltmzk dc il lfmdcw k liflim`mdld dc ikv ~rm`fm~licv ljisc`tcv dci rák Amvhfl.

Jmbsrl @· 3.27 Czkisfmö` dci ~H c` ikv ljisc`tcv vs~crjmfmlicv dci dci rák Amvhfl Ikv zlikrcv kotc`mdkv dc cvtl acdmfmö` m`dmfl` |sc ci ~H dc ilv wk`lv cvtsdmldlv c` ci flsfc dc ikv ik v ljisc`tcv cv ~rm`fm~liac`tc oìvmfk) cvtk dcomdk li c`tkr`k flrok`ltldk l trlzív dci fsli vsv flsfcv dmvfsrrc`) ~crtc`cfmc`tcv l ikv vmvtcalv flifìrckv Fhs`sal}k } Fk`dkrvm`bl5 vm` caolrbk cv `cfcvlrmk m`dmflr tlaomí` |sc ci ~H kovcrzl fmcrtk dcvfc`vk c` il ~lrtc `lfmc`tc dci rák Amvhfl) dcomdk |sc c`fsc`trl fk`tlftk fk` ìrclv am`crlimwldlv) ~crtc`cfmc`tcv l s` actliktcftk |sc cv l~rkzcfhldk c` ilv wk`lv vs~crmkrcv) c` il am`l Fltlim`l Hsl`fl) somfldk l al`crl

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dc al`tkv } litcrlfmö` dc velr` c` ikv dc~övmtkv flifìrckv dci frctìfmfk m`jcrmkr dci Brs~k ^sflrì (Jkralfmö` Fk`dkrvm`bl-. !

TCA^C_LTS_L

C` il jmbsrl @· 3.8 vc kovcrzl il czkisfmö` dc il tca~crltsrl c` ikv ~s`tkv dc ascvtrck ikflimwldkv c` ci flsfc dc ikv ~rm`fm~licv ljisc`tcv vs~crjmfmlicv dci rák Amvhfl) c` ikv |sc vc kovcrzl |sc il zlrmlfmö` dc tca~crltsrl cvtì m`jisc`fmldl ~kr il hkrl dci dál c` il |sc vc tkalrk` ikv dltkv) cvtc ~lrìactrk `k tmc`c asfhl ma~krtl`fml c` ci l`ìimvmv dci fka~krtlamc`tk) fka~krtlamc`tk) dcomdk l |sc c` il wk`l ilv zlrmlfmk`cv zl rmlfmk`cv dc tca~crltsrl dsrl`tc ci dál vk` as} alrfldlv.

Jmbsrl @· 3.87 Czkisfmö` dc Tca~crltsrl c` ikv ljisc`tcv vs~crjmfmlicv !


C` il jmbsrl @· 3.= vc ~scdc kovcrzlr il czkisfmö` dc ikv zlikrcv dc fk`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl c` ikv ljisc`tcv vs~crjmfmlicv dci rák Amvhfl.

Jmbsrl @· 3.=7 Fk`dsftmzmdld Ciíftrmfl dc ljisc`tcv vs~crjmfmlicv vs~crjmfmlicv

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Ikv zlikrcv dc fk`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl ~kvcc` s` fka~krtlamc`tk l`mvktrö~mfk c` ikv ljisc`tcv vs~crjmfmlicv) dcomdk l flrlftcrávtmflv jmvmkbrìjmflv dc ikv flsfcv |sc ikv flrlftcrmwl` } tlaomí` l ikv c`tkr`kv l trlzív dc ikv fslicv ikv zki÷ac`cv hádrmfkv m`zkisfrldkv vc asczc`. Cv `ktloic il dmjcrc`fml dc Fk`dsftmzmdldcv c`trc ci ~s`tk TV!< (|scorldl Alrflfhltl- } ikv ~s`tkv TV!<< } TV!· dc m`fim`lfmö`) hlfmc`dk |sc ci ~kdcr crkvmzk dc vs flsfc vcl asfhk al}kr } ~kr ik tl`tk) ci fk`tc`mdk mö`mfk dmvkfmldk c` ci c`tkr`k rcfkrrmdk cv litk) l dmjcrc`fml dc l|sciikv ljisc`tcv |sc ~rkzmc`c` dc flsfcv fk` ~c`dmc`tcv acdml`lv } fk` zlikrcv dc fk`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl) rciltmzlac`tc olgkv. 3.6.6

!

^L_ÌACT_KV JMVMFK\SÁAMFKV VSOTC__Ì@CKV

C@

IKV

LJISC@TCV

LFMDCW!LIFLIM@MDLD

Ikv zlikrcv kotc`mdkv c` fla~k dci ~H c` ikv ~s`tkv dc ljikrlamc`tk dc lbslv vsotcrrì`ckv vc ~scdc` kovcrzlr cv|scaìtmflac`tc c` il jmbsrl @· 3.<>.

Jmbsrl @· 3.<>7 3 .<>7 Zlikrcv dc ~H c` ikv ljikrlamc`tkv dc lbslv vsotcrrì`clv Ikv zlikrcv dc ~H acdmdkv c` ikv ljikrlamc`tkv dc lbslv vsotcrrì`clv |sc l~krtl` vsv lbslv l ikv flsdlicv dci rák Amvhfl vk` ma~krtl`tcv dcomdk l |sc cvtlv lbslv ~rkzmc`c` dc wk`lv c` ilv |sc ~rkzkfl` dmvkfmlfmö` jávmfl } |sáamfl } vk` tcvtmbkv tlaomí` dc il fka~kvmfmö` m`tcr`l dc ikv ca~ilwlamc`tkv rkfkvkv. Lvá) ikv zlikrcv |sc ~rscol` tc`cr al}kr olvmfmdld ~rkzmc`c` dc ilv jkralfmk`cv flrok`ltldlv c` vá } |sc ~kr flrlftcrávtmflv jávmflv } |sáamflv dc ikv zki÷ac`cv m`jmitrldkv c` ciilv) hl` vmdk crkvmk`ldlv } litcrldlv |sáamflac`tc) trl`v~krtl`dk `k vkilac`tc mk`cv

:=




actìimfkv } `k actìimfkv) vm`k tlaomí` hl` rcfmomdk k m`fkr~krldk l vs fka~kvmfmö`) ikv zlikrcv dc olvmfmdld m`trá`vcfkv c` il rkfl jsc`tc. Lvá amvak) ikv zlikrcv dc ~H ac`krcv) kozmlac`tc hl` vmdk m`jisc`fmldkv ~kr il cxmvtc`fml dc fscr~kv c` fs}lv cvtrsftsrlv vc tmc`c il ~rcvc`fml dc vsijsrkv) fkak cv ci flvk dci }lfmamc`tk cx~iktldk ~kr il am`l Fltlim`l Hsl`fl. !

TCA^C_LTS_L

C` il jmbsrl @· 3.<< vc ~scdc kovcrzlr |sc ikv flsfcv vsotcrrì`ckv ~kvcc` tca~crltsrlv ac`krcv l ikv acdmdkv c` ikv flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv. v s~crjmfmlicv.

Jmbsrl @· 3.<<7 Acdmfmö` dc tca~crltsrl c` ikv l~krtcv vsotcrrì`ckv Ikv zlikrcv kotc`mdkv ~lrl cvtc ~lrìactrk vmrzc` ~lrl dcvfrmomr ci c`tkr`k m`tcr`k ~kr ci fsli vc ikbrl` m`fismr ikv zki÷ac`cv hádrmfkv l il zcw |sc ~cramtc dmjcrc`fmlrik dc ikv flsfcv dc lbsl vs~crjmfmlicv. C` il `ltsrlicwl cvtl dmjcrc`fml c` zlikrcv tmc`c kozmlac`tc asfhlv flsvlv) vmc`dk s`l dc ciilv il krmbm`ldl l ~lrtmr dc ilv rclffmk`cv |sáamflv) l|sciilv |sc dcv~rc`dc` flikr (cxktíramflv- } l|sciilv |sc lovkroc` c`crbál } fk` ciik ci flikr cxtcr`k (c`dktíramflv-) ilv ÷itmalv vsfcdc` c` acdmkv dc dmvkfmlfmö` akicfsilr fk`vtl`tc) dc liiá vc cx~imfl` libs`kv zlikrcv dc tca~crltsrl olgkv k m`jcrmkrcv l ikv zlikrcv dc tca~crltsrl acdmdkv c` ikv flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv. !


Ikv zlikrcv dc Fk`dsftmzmdld Ciíftrmfl acdmdkv c` ikv ljikrlamc`tkv dc flsfcv vsotcrrì`ckv vc kovcrzl` cv|scaltmwldkv c` il jmbsrl @· 3.
2>




Jmbsrl @· 3.
OLIL@FC MÖ@MFK

Ci fìifsik dci crrkr c` ci olil`fc dc flrblv cv s`l ~rìftmfl cvtì`dlr ~lrl czlislr il cxlftmtsd dci l`ìimvmv dc lbslv. ^lrl |sc cvtc vcl ~kvmoic) vc dcoc fk`tlr fk` l`ìimvmv fka~ictkv) |sc m`fis}l` ikv mk`cv ~rm`fm~licv dmvscitkv (tá~mflac`tc @l %) Fl?%) Ab?%) FM!) HFK! } VK4!!) } kflvmk`liac`tc tlaomí` E %) Jc?%. Jc6%. A`?%) LM6%) FK6!! } @K6!-) il jörasil ~lrl cjcftslr ci Olil`fc Mö`mfk cv il vmbsmc`tc7

Ci olil`fc mö`mfk m`dmfl |sc il vsal dc ilv fk`fc`trlfmk`cv dc ikv fltmk`cv dcoc vcr mbsli l il vsal dc dc ilv fk`fc`trlfmk`cv dc ikv l`mk`cv. l`mk`cv. Dc al`crl bc`crli) bc`crli) s` crrkr dc hlvtl <3# c` ci olil`fc dc flrbl vc fk`vmdcrl lfc~tloic. ^crk vm vc rc|smcrc vcr aìv rmbsrkvk vc ~scdc cvtloicfcr ci rl`bk c` js`fmö` dc il fk`dsftmzmdld fk`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl.

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OLIL@FC MÖ@MFK DC LBSLV VS^C_JMFMLICV C` ci fsldrk @· 3.<< vc ascvtrl` ikv rcvsitldkv dc il czlislfmö` dci Olil`fc Mö`mfk c` ci rák Amvhfl } vsv l~krtcv vs~crjmfmlicv. Fsldrk @· 3.<<7 Olil`fc Mö`mfk dc lbslv l bslv vs~crjmfmlicv ^S@TK DC ASCVT_CK

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Dc cvtkv rcvsitldkv vc cvtloicfc |sc ci l`ìimvmv cvtì omc` dcvlrrkiildk) tkal`dk c` fsc`tl |sc `m`bs`k dc ikv ~krfc`tlgcv k dmjcrc`fmlicv mö`mflv vs~crl ci rl`bk `krali ~lrl ci c|smimormk mö`mfk5 cvtc olil`fc cv ma~krtl`tc) ~scv dcjm`c tlaomí` il ~rcdkam`l`fml dc ikv fltmk`cv c` ci fk`tck mö`mfk tktli. 3.4 FILVMJMFLFMÖ@ DC LBSLV LBSLV Ikv dmjcrc`tcv tm~kv dc lbsl vs~crjmfmli } vsotcrrì`cl vk` filvmjmfldkv l jm` dc m`jkralr dc al`crl orczc l fcrfl dc vs fka~kvmfmö` |sáamfl s ktrkv lv~cftkv rciczl`tcv. Cxmvtc` asfhkv tm~kv dc filvmjmflfmö` |sc zl` dc ikv i kv aìv vma~icv l ikv aìv fka~icgkv fkm`fmdc`tc fk` il fka~icgmdld dc m`jkralfmö` c` svk } dc~c`dc dci í`jlvmv |sc vc zl c`jkflr lib÷` lv~cftk cv~cfájmfk. Il filvmjmflfmö` dc ilv lbslv vc hl h l rclimwldk acdml`tc il rcbil dc Vhkciicr (<=33-) |sc fk`vmdcrl ikv zlikrcv lovkistkv dc ilv fk`fc`trlfmk`cv dc fldl mö` } vs rc~rcvc`tlfmö` acdml`tc ci dmlbrlal dc ^m~cr (jmbsrl @· 3.<6-) ~lrl fka~icac`tlr cvtlv filvmjmflfmk`cv cxmvtc` ktrkv aítkdkv m`dmzmdslicv dc filvmjmflfmö` dc lbslv) fkak ci Dmlbrlal Vtmjj) |sc vc olvl c` cilokrlr jmbsrlv rcjcrc`fmlicv fk` rcv~cftk l ilv fka~kvmfmk`cv dc ikv ~rm`fm~licv cicac`tkv dmvscitkv c` lbsl (Omflrok`ltkv) Fikrsrkv) Alb`cvmk) ctf.- ik |sc orm`dl s`l fka~rc`vmö` zmvsli dc l|sciikv cicac`tkv |sc vkorcvlic` c` ci rl`bk dc zlikrcv acdmdkv c` ci lbsl (Zcr L`cxk ?7 L`ìimvmv Hmdrkbck|sáamfk!O- } |sc c` il wk`l dc cvtsdmk fk`jmral` il Filvmjmflfmö` Filvmjmf lfmö` ^m~cr. Dc lfscrdk l il filvmjmflfmö` ^m~cr) ilv lbslv ~scdc` vcr mdc`tmjmfldlv tkal`dk c` fsc`tl fkak rcjcrc`fml l il fka~kvmfmö` mö`mfl ~rcdkam`l`tc) cvtk vmrzc ~lrl |sc l ikv flsfcv hádrmfkv vs~crjmfmlicv } vsotcrrì`ckv vc ic lvmb`c` ikv vmbsmc`tcv rl`bkv k tm~kv dc lbsl7
26




2! Lbslv vödmflv. 8! Lbslv alb`ívmflv) alb`ívmflv) fìifmflv } vödmflv. =! Lbslv vsijltldlv. <>! Lbslv omflrok`ltldlv. <
Jmbsrl @· 3.<67 Dmlbrlal dc ^m~cr ~lrl Filvmjmflfmö` dc Lbsl Ikv dltkv kotc`mdkv dc ikv mk`cv ~rm`fm~licv vk` m`brcvldkv l ~rkbrlalv dc fìifsik (L|slFhca 6.2>- ci fsli `kv dlrì il filvmjmflfmö` dci lbsl c` ci dmlbrlal dc ^m~cr ~lrl s`l filvmjmflfmö` brs~li (L`cxk ?7 L`ìimvmv Hmdrkbck|sáamfk!L- } ikv dmlbrlalv Vtmjj ~lrl s`l filvmjmflfmö` m`dmzmdsli (L`cxk ?7 L`ìimvmv Hmdrkbck|sáamfk!O-. Ci brljmfk `kv ascvtrl il somflfmö` dc ikv ~s`tkv dc ascvtrck somfldkv |sc dctcram`l` vs filvmjmflfmö`. 3.4.<

FILVMJMFLFMÖ@ DC LBSLV VS^C_JMFMLICV

Dc lfscrdk l ikv ~lrìactrkv dc filvmjmflfmö`) tkal`dk c` fsc`tl ilv fka~kvmfmk`cv mö`mflv ~rcdkam`l`tcv c` ci c`tkr`k } hlomí`dkvc dcvlrrkiildk ci olil`fc mö`mfk ~crtm`c`tc) vc ~scdc` cvtloicfcr il filvmjmflfmö` dc ilv lbslv vs~crjmfmlicv) tkal`dk c` fsc`tl li flsfc amvak dci rák Amvhfl } l vsv ~rm`fm~licv l~krtl`tcv vs~crjmfmlicv) (Jmbsrl @· 3.<4-.

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Jmbsrl @· 3.<47 3 .<47 Dmlbrlal dc Filvmjmflfmö` ^m~cr ~lrl ikv i kv flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv Fk`jkrac li l`ìimvmv dc filvmjmflfmö` dc lbslv c` ikv flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv) fkrrcv~k`dmc`tcv li rák Amvhfl } l vsv l~krtcv ~rm`fm~licv) vc ~scdc cvtloicfcr ik vmbsmc`tc7 !

!

23

\sc il al}král dc ilv lbslv vk` dci tm~k omflrok`ltldlv fìifmflv) m`jisc`fmldlv c` brl` ~lrtc ~kr ci c`tkr`k flifìrck l trlzív dci fsli vc akzmimwl`) fkrrcv~k`dmc`tc l ikv vmvtcalv Fhs`sal}k) Fhs`sal}k) ^sflrì } Amts) dcvdc ci m`mfmk dci rák Amvhfl hlvtl vs v s dcvcaokfldsrl c` ci rák Vk`dk`dk) hlfml ci cvtc (L`cxk >37 îl`k <<-. Dc`trk dci rl`bk dc filvmjmflfmö` cxmvtc s`l vlizcdld } cvtì rc~rcvc`tldl ~kr ilv fka~kvmfmk`cv ~rc~k`dcrl`tcv dc ilv lbslv l`limwldlv c` ik ~s`tkv TV!<< } TV!37 îl`k <<-. OFH. AL_EK CDSL_DK FLVTLÜCDL WLZLICTL


!


Cvtkv dkv ~s`tkv acdmdkv fkrrcv~k`dc` l ilv lbslv m`jisc`fmldlv ~kr il |scorldl Vlffiil`m) flsfc vs~crjmfmli |sc tmc`c s` rcfkrrmdk rcbsilrac`tc dcvdc ci `krkcvtc hlfml ci vsrcvtc) fk` s`l brl` ~c`dmc`tc (s`l dc ilv al}krcv ~c`dmc`tcv dc tkdkv ikv ljisc`tcv l`limwldkv- } s` litk ~kdcr crkvmzk) dmvkfml`dk vcftkrcv am`crlimwldkv dci Brs~k ^sflrì) c` ikv |sc vc ~scdc` kovcrzlr vsijsrkv actìimfkv dc ~ikak } dc wm`f) lfka~lüldkv ~kr am`crlicv jkraldkrcv dc rkfl) fkak fslrwk) jcidcv~ltkv ~ktìvmfkv } vödmfkv. 3.4.?

FILVMJMFLFMÖ@ DC IKV LJISC@TCV VSOTC__Ì@CKV

C` il jmbsrl @· 3.<3 vc dmlbrlal il filvmjmflfmö` dc lbslv l~krtl`tcv dcvdc ci vsovscik hlfml ikv flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv dci rák Amvhfl. Amvhfl .

Jmbsrl @· 3.<37 3 .<37 Dmlbrlal dc Filvmjmflfmö` ^m~cr ~lrl ikv L~krtcv Vsotcrrì`ckv Dc lfscrdk li dmlbrlal l`tcrmkrac`tc akvtrldk) vc ~scdc filvmjmflr l ikv l~krtl`tcv vsotcrrì`ckv dci rák Amvhfl fkak lbslv dci tm~k omflrok`ltldlv fìifmflv) cvtk dcomdk l il ~rcdkam`l`fml ci c`tkr`k flrok`ltldk l trlzív dci fsli ilv lbslv dc m`jmitrlfmö`

2:




ikbrl` m`fismrvc } akzcrvc) c`fk`trl`dk vsv vlimdlv gsvtlac`tc c` ilv ìrclv dc flsfc dci rák Amvhfl } il |scorldl ^la~l`l. 3.3 FK@TC@MDKV ACTÌIMFKV MA^K_TL@TCV L fk`tm`slfmö` vc cvtloicfc` ikv rcvsitldkv dci l`ìimvmv mö`mfk dc ikv cicac`tkv actìimfkv aìv ma~krtl`tcv dc`trk dc ikv flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv) vsotcrrì`ckv } ~rk~mkv dci flsfc dci rák Amvhfl) fkak ~rkdsftk dc il m`tcrlffmö` jávmfk |sáamfl dc ilv lbslv fk` ci c`tkr`k rkfkvk vcdmac`tlrmk } dc am`crlimwlfmö` ~kvtcrmkr (zcr jmbsrl @· 3.<:-.

Jmbsrl @· 3.<:7 Cicac`tkv am`crlimwldkv c` ci icfhk dci rák Amvhfl 3.3.< IMTMK Ci imtmk cv s` cicac`tk akdcrldlac`tc los`dl`tc } cvtì ~rcvc`tc c` il fkrtcwl tcrrcvtrc c` :3 ~~a. Vc c`fsc`trl dmv~crvk c` fmcrtlv rkflv) ~crk `s`fl imorc) dldl vs brl` rclftmzmdld. Vc c`fsc`trl c` ~c|scül ~rk~krfmö` c` rkflv zkifì`mflv } vlicv `ltsrlicv) lvkfmloic l vsijkvlicv dc krmbc` áb`ck) cv litlac`tc dmvkfmloic c m`cvtloic fkak cicac`tk imorc) vkilac`tc m`jcrmoic c` fsc`flv dc dc~kvmtlfmö` as} trl`|smilv fkak vk` ikv brl`dcv ilbkv) fkak cgca~ik) vc cx~k`c il ~rcvc`fml c` ci Vlilr dc S}s`m c` Okimzml) dc s`k dc ikv al}krcv dc~övmtkv dc~övmtkv dc cvtc cicac`tk l `mzci as`dmli. as`dmli. C` il wk`l dc cvtsdmk ci imtmk ~kvcc ilv ac`krcv fk`fc`trlfmk`cv dc tkdkv ikv actlicv l`limwldkv) akvtrl`dk s`l czkisfmö` l`mvktrö~mfl ~lrl ikv ~s`tkv dc ascvtrck) dc akdk |sc c` vs rcfkrrmdk

22




cv m`jisc`fmldk ~kr ikv l~krtcv vsotcrrì`ckv } vs~crjmfmlicv ljikrl`tcv hlfml il alrbc` mw|smcrdl } dcrcfhl dci flsfc. Cv `cfcvlrmk tkalr c` fsc`tl |sc ilv lbslv vsotcrrì`clv m`frcac`tl` ikv zlikrcv dc Imtmk c` il wk`l vs~crmkr dci flsfc dci rák Amvhfl) l dmjcrc`fml dc ikv zlikrcv dc Imtmk ~rcvc`tcv c` il |scorldl Vlffiil`m (ìrcl fk` al}kr á`dmfc crkvmzk-) l ~lrtmr dc il fsli vc ~scdc` c`fk`trlr ilv al}krcv ~rk~krfmk`cv dc lisam`mk (Ctl~l Tcram`li dci rák Amvhfl- (zcr jmbsrl @· 3.<2-. 3.3.?

LISAM@MK

Cv ci tcrfcr cicac`tk aìv fka÷` c`fk`trldk c` il fkrtcwl tcrrcvtrc. Ikv fka~scvtkv dc lisam`mk jkral` ci 8# dc il fkrtcwl dc il Tmcrrl } vc c`fsc`trl` ~rcvc`tcv c` il al}král dc ilv rkflv) dc il zcbctlfmö` } dc ikv l`malicv. Ls`|sc ci lisam`mk cv s` altcrmli as} los`dl`tc c` il fkrtcwl tcrrcvtrc (8#-) rlrlac`tc vc c`fsc`trl imorc dcomdk l vs litl rclftmzmdld) ~kr ik |sc `kraliac`tc vc c`fsc`trl jkral`dk öxmdkv c hmdröxmdkv) |sc l vs v s zcw vc hliil` acwfildkv fk` öxmdkv dc ktrkv actlicv } fk` váimfc. C` ci fk`tcxtk dci l`ìimvmv dc ilv lbslv m`jis}c`tcv c` ci flsfc dci rák Amvhfl) cv `cfcvlrmk m`dmflr |sc il los`dl`fml m`fismdl c` ikv zki÷ac`cv hádrmfkv cv tktliac`tc l`mvötrk~l) } vc kovcrzl il m`jisc`fml dmrcftl dc ikv ljikrlamc`tkv vsotcrrì`ckv vkorc il fka~kvmfmö` c` ilv lbslv vs~crjmfmlicv) hlfmc`dk |sc cvtlv ~rk~krfmk`cv vc zcl` dmvam`smdlv) cvtk dcomdk li lsac`tk c` il fk`fc`trlfmö` dc ktrkv actlicv c` ikv flsfcv vsotcrrì`ckv (zcr jmbsrl @· 3.<2-. 3.3.6

AL@BL@CVK

Ci al`bl`cvk cv s`k dc ikv cicac`tkv aìv dmvtrmosmdkv c` il `ltsrlicwl fkrtmfli dc il Tmcrrl) bc`crliac`tc vc c`fsc`trl jkral`dk am`crlicv lvkfmldkv l öxmdkv) vmimfltkv) flrok`ltkv } kijrlaltkv. Cvtc cicac`tk c` ikv lircdcdkrcv dci rák Amvhfl vc c`fsc`trl l al`crl dc ilam`miilv dc öxmdk m`tcrflildk c` ikv dc~övmtkv dc il Jkralfmö` Fhs`sal}k) vc ~scdc lvkfmlr tlaomí` li am`crli _kdkfrkvmtl) ~rcvc`tc c` il fka~kvmfmö` am`crliöbmfl dc ilv rkflv |sc rkdcl` cvtc drc`lgc. Ci ~rkfcvk dc dmvtrmosfmö` dc cvtc cicac`tk c` ikv zki÷ac`cv hádrmfkv cv m`jisc`fmldk ~kr il ~rcvc`fml dc al`l`tmlicv k ljikrlamc`tkv dc lbslv vsotcrrì`clv) |sc c` libs`kv ~s`tkv m`frcac`tl` ikv zlikrcv ~rk~krfmk`licv } c` ktrkv ik dmvam`s}c`) dcomdk li m`frcac`tk c` vsv fka~kvmfmk`cv dc ktrkv cicac`tkv (zcr jmbsrl @· 3.<2-) dcomdk l il cxmvtc`fml dc s` c`tkr`k am`crlimwldk ~kvtcrmkr li ca~ilwlamc`tk dc ikv dc~övmtkv flrok`ltldkv.

28


CL^ M@BC@MC_ÁL BCKIÖBMFL JMBAAB!S@AVA 3.3.4


@M\SCI ] FKO_C

Cvtkv dkv cicac`tkv hl` vmdk lbrs~ldkv dcomdk l |sc ~kvcc` flrlftcrávtmflv dc dmv~crvmö` vmamilrcv c` tkdkv ikv ~s`tkv acdmdkv (zcr jmbsrl @· 3.<2-. Ci `á|sci cv s` cicac`tk actìimfk los`dl`tc los`dl`tc c` il fkrtcwl) vs ~rcvc`fml vc lvkfml l il l~lrmfmö` dc vsijsrkv) dmvkfmì`dkvc c` öxmdkv) c` il wk`l vs ~rcvc`fml vc ~kdrál m`jcrmr l cvtkv dkv tm~kv dc fka~scvtkv) dc lfscrdk l il jmbsrl @· 3.<2) il ~rcvc`fml c` ikv zki÷ac`cv hádrmfkv ~kr dmvkfmlfmö` |sáamfl cvtì rcilfmk`ldl m`zcrvlac`tc fk` il l~lrmfmö` dc zki÷ac`cv vsotcrrì`ckv dc lbsl) cv dcfmr ci ~rkfcvk dc crkvmö` } trl`v~krtc dc cvtc cicac`tk vc ~rkdsfc ~rcjcrc`tcac`tc ~kr ci drc`lgc vs~crjmfmli) aìv |sc ~kr m`jisc`fml dc ilv lbslv vsotcrrì`clv. v sotcrrì`clv. Ci fkorc cv s`k dc ikv actlicv aìv stmimwldkv c` il lftslimdld) vs ~rcvc`fml vc fmüc l fsli|smcr tm~k dc krmbc` ~scv ~scdc c`fk`trlrvc fkak cicac`tk `ltmzk) c` fka~lüál dc vsijsrkv) vsijltkv) öxmdkv } flrok`ltkv) cv dcfmr tl`tk vm`bc`ítmfk } vcfs`dlrmk. Il czkisfmö` dc ilv fk`fc`trlfmk`cv dc fkorc fkorc c` ikv flsfcv dc m`jisc`fml ~lrl ci ci rák Amvhfl tmc`c cvtrcfhl rcilfmö` fk` il czkisfmö` dci `á|sci) dcomdk l il ljm`mdld am`crliöbmfl dc cvtkv cicac`tkv ~rcvc`tcv c` ci actliktcftk ^sflrì) vmc`dk |sc vsv al}krcv zlikrcv vc c`fsc`trl` l ~lrtmr dci ^s`tk TV!3) m`jisc`fmldk fk` il l~lrmfmö` dc zki÷ac`cv dc m`jmitrlfmö` } flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv) |sc fkilokrl` fk` vs ~kdcr crkvmzk } lsac`tl` il fk`fc`trlfmö` dc cvtc cicac`tk c` tkdk ci flsfc dci rák. 3.3.3

WM@F

Ci wm`f cv s`k dc ikv cicac`tkv dc ikv fslicv vc ~scdc` c`fk`trlr rcjcrc`fmlv dc cx~iktlfmö` c` il wk`l dc cvtsdmk) cxmvtc dc~kvmtldk c` al`tkv vkorc ikv cvtrltkv dci Brs~k ^sflrì) dc~övmtkv vsijsrldkv dc cvtc actli) dc liiá vc m`jmcrc il ~rcvc`fml dc cvtkv altcrmlicv dc`trk dc ikv zki÷ac`cv dc lbsl |sc vc asczc` vs~crjmfmliac`tc } ~kr dcolgk dc ilv rkflv) m`jmitrì`dkvc } ljikrl`dk c` wk`lv c` ilv |sc vc ~rkdsfc il fkas`mflfmö` k trl`vjcrc`fml dc ilv flrlftcrávtmflv jávmflv } |sáamflv hlfml ci rák Amvhfl. Dc lfscrdk l cvtc l`ìimvmv) ci wm`f cv dmvtrmosmdk dc al`crl hctcrkbí`cl l ik ilrbk dc ikv flsfcv |sc fk`jkral` il fsc`fl dc limac`tlfmö` dci rák Amvhfl (zcr jmbsrl @· 3.<2-) hlfmc`dk |sc ilv ~rk~krfmk`cv dc fk`fc`trlfmö` lsac`tc` (ctl~l m`mfmli dci rák-) dcfrcwfl` (hlfml il |scorldl ^la~l`l- } vc al`tc`bl` c` il iá`cl dc czkisfmö`5 cv `cfcvlrmk tkalr c` fsc`tl |sc cvtc cicac`tk `k vkilac`tc ~scdc vcr trl`v~krtldk c` fk`dmfmö` dc vkistk) vm`k tlaomí` fkak altcrmli rcvmdsli ~lrtmfsildk |sc ikv flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv } vsotcrrì`ckv dmvkfml` c` ilv wk`lv ljikrl`tcv somfldlv c` ilv ~lrtcv aìv litlv dc il wk`l wk `l dc cvtsdmk.

2=


CL^ M@BC@MC_ÁL BCKIÖBMFL JMBAAB!S@AVA 3.3.:


AKIMODC@K) FLDAMK ] OL_MK

Cvtkv cicac`tkv vc hl` lbrs~ldk dcomdk li ~lrcfmdk c` il dmvtrmosfmö` hmdrkbck|sáamfl |sc al`tmc`c` } ilv ~rk~krfmk`cv c` ilv |sc ívtkv vc ~rcvc`tl` (zcr jmbsrl @· 3.<2-. Ci Akimodc`k cv s` actli |sc tmc`c flrlftcrávtmflv |sc hlfc` dmjáfmi ikv ~rkfcvkv dc dmvkfmlfmö` jávmfl } |sáamfl) bc`crliac`tc vc c`fsc`trl jkral`dk fka~scvtkv fk` ikv vsijsrkv } öxmdkv) c` il wk`l cvtì ~rcvc`tc ~rcvc`tc c` ikv drc`lgcv drc`lgcv vs~crjmfmlicv vs~crjmfmlicv } vsotcrrì`ckv c` dmvtm`tlv ~rk~krfmk`cv) vmc`dk jlftkrcv m`jis}c`tcv c` ikv zlikrcv dc fk`fc`trlfmö` acdmdkv c` ikv flsfcv dci rák Amvhfl. Ci Fldamk c` il `ltsrlicwl ~scdc ~rcvc`tlrvc lvkfmldk l dc~övmtkv dc wm`f) m`fismdk c` vsijsrkv lvkfmldkv l ívtc) ~rm`fm~liac`tc c` il Cvjlicrmtl. C` il wk`l cvtsdmldl vs ~rcvc`fml c` ci lbsl tmc`c jscrtc fkrrcilfmö` fk` il l~lrmfmö` dci mk` Akimodc`k. Ci Olrmk vc lvkfml l il ~rcvc`fml dc öxmdkv } il kxmdlfmö` dc ikv vsijsrkv) cv s` cicac`tk as} ~cvldk) jìfmiac`tc kxmdloic) c` il wk`l dc cvtsdmk cvtc cicac`tk ~rcvc`tl s`l dmvtrmosfmö` hmdrkbck|sáamfl hctcrkbí`cl) m`jisc`fmldl ~kr il l~lrmfmö` dc ikv drc`lgcv vsotcrrì`ckv) |sc crkvmk`l` wk`l am`crlimwldl } il fk`vcfsc`tc acwfil fk` ikv drc`lgcv vs~crjmfmlicv) fs}k ~kdcr crkvmzk lsac`tl fk` ci m`frcac`tk dc vsv zki÷ac`cv. 3.3.2

ÎLTL

Il ~iltl) c` il wk`l cvtsdmldl vc c`fsc`trl lvkfmldl l ikv dc~övmtkv vsijsrldkv dc wm`f } il ~rcvc`fml c` wk`lv aìv vkacrlv dc ikv fka~scvtkv vsijsrldkv dc lrví`mfk } il ~rcvc`fml dci Acrfsrmk) cvtc cicac`tk cv s`k dc ikv ac`kv los`dl`tcv c` il fkrtcwl } vs ~rcvc`fml vc m`jmcrc dc il dmvkfmlfmö` jávmfl } |sáamfl dc ikv zki÷ac`cv dc lbsl vkorc ikv ca~ilwlamc`tkv am`crlimwldkv) am`crlimwldkv) }lfmc`tcv ~kr dcolgk dc vs~crjmfmc. Il dmvtrmosfmö` dc cvtc cicac`tk c` ikv flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv cvtì filrlac`tc m`jisc`fmldl ~kr il l~lrmfmö` dc drc`lgcv vsotcrrì`ckv (zcr jmbsrl @· 3.<2-) ikv fslicv c` ilv wk`lv aìv litlv fk`trmos}c` fk` cvtkv zki÷ac`cv } hlfml il fk`jisc`fml fk` il |scorldl ^la~l`l dmvam`s}c` cvtlv fk`fc`trlfmk`cv) ~crk li lsac`tlr ci zkisac` dci flsfc) ci ~kdcr crkvmzk k dmvkfmldkr vc m`frcac`tl) ik fsli cv s` jlftkr dcfmvmzk c` il l~lrmfmö` dc zlikrcv asfhk aìv litkv c` il ctl~l tcram`li dci rák Amvhfl. 3.3.8

AC_FS_MK

Ci Acrfsrmk c` il `ltsrlicwl vc lvkfml ~rcjcrc`tcac`tc fk` vsijsrkv dc ~ikak) wm`f) ~iltl } krk) c` il wk`l cvtsdmldl cxmvtc` dc~övmtkv vsijsrldkv dc cvtkv cicac`tkv) m`jmrmí`dkvc ci krmbc` `ltsrli dc cvtc cicac`tk) m`zkisfrldk c` ikv zki÷ac`cv hádrmfkv fkrrcv~k`dmc`tcv l il fsc`fl dci rák Amvhfl.

8>




Fkm`fmdc`tcac`tc cvtlv ~rk~krfmk`cv acdmdlv vc c`fsc`trl` rcilfmk`ldlv } ~kvcc` fka~krtlamc`tkv vmamilrcv l ikv cicac`tkv wm`f) ~ikak) ~iltl (zcr jmbsrl @· 3.<2~rcvc`tcv c` ilv lbslv l`limwldlv ~lrl cvtc cvtsdmk) m`jisc`fmldkv tlaomí` ~kr zki÷ac`cv vsotcrrì`ckv } il l~lrmfmö` dc fk`jisc`fmlv fk` ktrkv flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv. 3.3.=

ÎKAK

Ci ~ikak cv s`k dc ikv cicac`tkv aìv ~cvldkv dc il `ltsrlicwl) ~kvcc s`l brl` dc`vmdld k ~cvk cv~cfájmfk) c` il `ltsrlicwl cv rlrlac`tc c`fk`trldk c` cvtldk `ltmzk) cv jìfmiac`tc lvkfmloic l vsijsrkv } vc ~rcvc`tl c` dc~övmtkv lfka~lüldk dc wm`f) fldamk) ~iltl } c` c ` libs`lv kflvmk`cv krk. ^lrl il wk`l dc cvtsdmk) cvtkv dc~övmtkv cvtì` lvkfmldkv l am`crlicv dc wm`f) il dmvtrmosfmö` dc cvtc cicac`tk c` ilv lbslv vc ~rkdsfc l trlzív dc flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv } vsotcrrì`ckv } vsv zlikrcv ~rk~krfmk`licv czkisfmk`l` li mbsli |sc ci wm`f) ci fldamk } il ~iltl (zcr jmbsrl @· 3.<2-) lsac`tl`dk fk` rcv~cftk li m`frcac`tk dc ikv flsdlicv) ~rkdsftk dc il fk`jisc`fml dci rák Amvhfl fk` ljisc`tcv vsotcrrì`ckv } vs~crjmfmlicv. 3.3.<> HMC__K

Ci hmcrrk cv s`k dc ikv actlicv aìv los`dl`tcv vkorc il fkrtcwl tcrrcvtrc) c` il `ltsrlicwl vc ~rcvc`tl jkral`dk am`crlicv fka~scvtkv fk` vsijsrkv) öxmdkv) vsijltkv c hmdröxmdkv) jkral`dk j kral`dk lfsasilfmk`cv cfk`öamflac`tc cfk`öamflac`tc m`tcrcvl`tcv. Ci hmcrrk cv jìfmiac`tc litcrloic l`tc il ~rcvc`fml dc lbsl } kxábc`k) cv ~kr ciik |sc il dmvkfmlfmö` |sáamfl } jávmfl dc cvtc actli cv s`l dc ilv aìv fkas`cv c` kfsrrc`fml. C` il wk`l cvtsdmldl) il ~rcvc`fml dci hmcrrk ~rcvc`tl ikv zlikrcv dc ~rk~krfmö` aìv litkv (zcr jmbsrl @· 3.<2-) ~rcvc`tì`dkvc lvá tl`tk c` ikv flsdlicv vs~crjmfmlicv fkak c` zki÷ac`cv dc m`jmitrlfmö` vsotcrrì`cl) fk`trmos}c`dk fk`trmos}c`dk fk` vs v s flrbl mö`mfl tlaomí` l dmvam`smr k l m`frcac`tlr ikv zlikrcv dc lfmdcw } fk`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl c` tkdkv ikv drc`lgcv. 3.: _CILFMÖ@ VSIJLTK!OMFL_OK@LTK VSIJLTK!OMFL_OK@LTK ZC_VSV LFMDCW!LIFLIM@MDLD Ikv mk`cv omflrok`ltk } vsijltk m`jis}c` dc al`crl ma~krtl`tc c` il filvmjmflfmö` hmdrkbck|sáamfl dc ilv lbslv) cvtk dcomdk l |sc c` ci c`tkr`k cxmvtc` am`crlicv dc ikv fslicv vc ~scdc` bc`crlr fka~icgkv vmvtcalv dc litcrlfmö` |sáamfl olgk il ~lrtmfm~lfmö` dci lbsl } il ~rcvc`fml dci kxábc`k c` vs fk`tc`mdk) rcjcrmdkv l il ~rcvc`fml dc rkflv flrok`ltldlv dc ilv Jkralfmk`cv Fhs`sal}k } Fk`dkrvm`bl) ldcaìv dci ca~ilwlamc`tk dc s` fka~icgk am`crlimwldk rmfk c` vsijsrkv dc wm`f) ~ikak) hmcrrk } fkorc.

8<




Cxmvtc s`l rcilfmö` dmrcftl c`trc ikv zlikrcv dc liflim`mdld } ilv ~rk~krfmk`cv dc omflrok`ltkv) cv dcfmr fk`jkrac li lsac`tk dc ikv mk`cv ~rkzc`mc`tcv dc ilv rkflv flrok`ltldlv) vc bc`crl s`l al}kr olvmfmdld k liflim`mdld) cv dcfmr ci ~H vc m`frcac`tl c m`fisvk ~scdc vs~crlr ci saorli dc `cstrlimwlfmö` ~lrl ívtc (~H02-. Fk` il ~rcvc`fml dc kxábc`k) vc bc`crl` rclffmk`cv dc litcrlfmö`) |sc jkral` fka~scvtkv am`crlicv vcfs`dlrmkv) krmbm`ì`dkvc ikv vsijltkv } ikv hmdröxmdkv) ikv fslicv bc`crl` lfmdcw5 cv dcfmr) fsl`dk ikv zlikrcv ~rk~krfmk`licv dc vsijltkv vc m`frcac`tl ci `mzci dc lfmdcw lsac`tl) ik amvak |sc dcfmr |sc ci zlikr dc ~H dmvam`s}c c m`fisvk ~scdc iicblr l vcr ac`kr |sc ci saorli dc `cstrlimwlfmö` (~H92-. Dc cvtlv dkv rcilfmk`cv vc ~scdc c`tc`dcr |sc cxmvtc s` ~rkfcvk c` ci fsli laolv vsvtl`fmlv fka~lrtc` vsv ~rk~mcdldcv jmvmfk|sáamflv) bc`crì`dkvc s`l `sczl `cstrlimwlfmö`) c` il |sc ilv ~rk~mcdldcv dc lfmdcw dc ikv vsijltkv vk` `cstrlimwldlv k rcdsfmdlv dc lfscrdk l ilv ~rk~krfmk`cv dc olvmfmdld k liflim`mdld dc ikv omflrok`ltkv k flrok`ltkv ~rcvc`tcv c` ilv lbslv. C` il jmbsrl @· 3.<8 vc c`fsc`trl filrlac`tc cvtloicfmdl cvtl rcilfmö`) ldcaìv dci hcfhk dc |sc ikv zlikrcv dc lfmdcw c` ikv fscr~kv dc lbsl ~rkzc`mc`tcv dci vsovscik vk` l|sciikv |sc ~rcvc`tlrì` zlikrcv dc lfmdcw al}krcv |sc ikv drc`lgcv vs~crjmfmlicv. 3.2 _CILFMÖ@ VSIJLTK! OMFL_OK@LTK ] FK@DSFTMZMDLD CIÍFT_MFL Dldkv ikv zlikrcv vmb`mjmfltmzkv dc vsijltkv } omflrok`ltkv) ~rcvc`tcv c` tkdkv ikv ~s`tkv dc ascvtrck) vc hl ~rkfcdmdk l czlislrikv fk` rcv~cftk l il fk`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl5 cvtl fka~lrlfmö` hl vmdk dcdsfmdl fkak dmrcftlac`tc ~rk~krfmk`li) ~scvtk |sc l al}kr fk`fc`trlfmö` dc ikv mk`cv vsijltk } omflrok`ltk) ikv zlikrcv dc fk`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl vc m`frcac`tlol` (zcr jmbsrl @· 3.<=-.

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83



3.8 FLIMDLD \SÁAMFL \SÁAMFL DC LBSLV Ikv fk`tc`mdkv acdmdkv c` il fsc`fl dci rák Amvhfl ~kvcc` flrlftcrávtmflv jmvmfk|sáamflv |sc il dcjm`c` fkak s` c`tkr`k vm`bsilr) c` ci fsli vc dcvlrrkiil` ~rkfcvkv bckiöbmfkv dc brl`dcv dsrlfmk`cv } l il ~lr) il zmdl c` vá czkisfmk`l m`jis}c`dk dc al`crl fk`vtrsftmzl k dcvtrsftmzl vkorc cvtkv c`tkr`kv `ltsrlicv. Dc mbsli akdk) ilv flrlftcrávtmflv dc ilv lbslv hlfc` ~kvmoic) lfcicrl`dk k dcvlfcicrl`dk) ikv ~rkfcvkv omkiöbmfkv } ~cramtmc`dk k ma~mdmc`dk il l~lrmfmö` dc dmvtm`tkv vmvtcalv omötmfkv. C` il lftslimdld dmfhl dcjm`mfmö` fslimtltmzl vc rclimwl tkal`dk c` fsc`tl `kralv |sc fk`trkil` ikv `mzcicv dc los`dl`fml k ~rk~krfmk`cv dc ikv cicac`tkv m`fismdkv c` ci lbsl) ma~k`mc`dk iáamtcv k rl`bkv dc zlikrcv |sc ~scdc vcr lfc~tloicv dc lfscrdk l rcbilac`tkv rcjcrc`fmlicv) ~lrl ci dcvlrrkiik dc fmcrtlv



3.8 FLIMDLD \SÁAMFL \SÁAMFL DC LBSLV Ikv fk`tc`mdkv acdmdkv c` il fsc`fl dci rák Amvhfl ~kvcc` flrlftcrávtmflv jmvmfk|sáamflv |sc il dcjm`c` fkak s` c`tkr`k vm`bsilr) c` ci fsli vc dcvlrrkiil` ~rkfcvkv bckiöbmfkv dc brl`dcv dsrlfmk`cv } l il ~lr) il zmdl c` vá czkisfmk`l m`jis}c`dk dc al`crl fk`vtrsftmzl k dcvtrsftmzl vkorc cvtkv c`tkr`kv `ltsrlicv. Dc mbsli akdk) ilv flrlftcrávtmflv dc ilv lbslv hlfc` ~kvmoic) lfcicrl`dk k dcvlfcicrl`dk) ikv ~rkfcvkv omkiöbmfkv } ~cramtmc`dk k ma~mdmc`dk il l~lrmfmö` dc dmvtm`tkv vmvtcalv omötmfkv. C` il lftslimdld dmfhl dcjm`mfmö` fslimtltmzl vc rclimwl tkal`dk c` fsc`tl `kralv |sc fk`trkil` ikv `mzcicv dc los`dl`fml k ~rk~krfmk`cv dc ikv cicac`tkv m`fismdkv c` ci lbsl) ma~k`mc`dk iáamtcv k rl`bkv dc zlikrcv |sc ~scdc vcr lfc~tloicv dc lfscrdk l rcbilac`tkv rcjcrc`fmlicv) ~lrl ci dcvlrrkiik dc fmcrtlv lftmzmdldcv rcilfmk`ldlv fk` ikv vmvtcalv omötmfkv (l`malicv) olftcrmlv) ~il`tlv) vcrcv hsal`kv) ctf.- } lvá amvak rcbsilr ilv lftmzmdldcv hsal`lv c` rcilfmö` l vs ljcftlfmö` vkorc ci ci acdmk laomc`tc. C` C` ikv Fsldrkv @· 3.<6 } 3.<4 vc ascvtrl` ascvtrl` ikv iáamtcv ~cramvmoicv ~lrl lbslv dc lfscrdk l ikv Cvtì`dlrcv dc Flimdld Laomc`tli) cvtloicfmdkv ~kr ci Dcfrctk Vs~rcak @· ><>!?>>8!AM@LA) fk` rcilfmö` li fk`vsak ~koilfmk`li } ocomdl dc l`malicv (L`cxk (L `cxk >?7 L`ìimvmv Hmdrkbck|sáamfk!F-. Fsldrk @· 3.<67 CFL ~lrl Fk`vsak Hsal`k! Lbsl Tm~k M!Fltcbkrál L< ^lrìactrkv S`mdld Zlikr Fk`dsftmzmdld Ciíftrmfl (³V+fa<3>> Dcal`dl Omk|sáamfl dc Kxábc`k ab+i 6 Dcal`dl \sáamfl dc Kxábc`k ab+i <> Jiskrsrk ab+i < @mtrltkv ! (@K6!@ab+i <> Kxábc`k Dmvscitk ab+i 01 : ^H S`mdldcv dc ^H :.3 ! 8.3 Vsijltkv ab+i ?3> Vsijsrkv ab+i >.>3 Lisam`mk ab+i >.? Lrví`mfk ab+i >.>< Olrmk ab+i >.2 Ocrmimk ab+i >.>>4 Okrk ab+i >.3 Fldamk ab+i >.>>6 Fml`srk Imorc ab+i >.>>3 Fml`srk RLD ab+i >.>8

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C` ci fsldrk @· 3.<3 vc ~scdc` kovcrzlr ikv dmvtm`tkv zlikrcv acdmdkv c` ikv ~s`tkv dc ascvtrck) fka~lrldkv fk` ikv zlikrcv cvtloicfmdkv c` il `kral ~lrl ilv lbslv |sc ~kdrál` vcr fk`vsamoicv k dc svk dkaívtmfk hsal`k. C` ci amvak vc kovcrzl |sc cxmvtc` cicac`tkv fs}lv ~rk~krfmk`cv vs~crl` ikv cvtm~sildkv c` il `kral) tlicv fkak7 !

Vsijltkv

Cvtl vsvtl`fml vs~crl ikv cvtloicfmdkv cvtloicfmdkv c` il `kral dc lbsl ~lrl fk`vsak fk`vsak hsal`k) c` ikv ~s`tkv ikflimwldkv c` il |scorldl Vlffiil`m } ~kvtcrmkrcv l vs fk`jisc`fml fk` ci rák Amvhfl) m`jcrmoic ~kr il ~rcvc`fml dc s`l wk`l am`crlimwldl ikflimwldl dc`trk dci c`tkr`k dci Brs~k ^sflrì) fk` am`crlimwlfmö` olvldl c` lvkfmlfmk`cv am`crliöbmflv vsijsrldlv) fs}l litcrlfmö` ltakvjírmfl vmbsmc`tc fkìiczl l il ~rcvc`fml dc am`crlicv vsijltldkv } ~kr fk`vmbsmc`tc dc vs ~rcvc`fml c` ilv lbslv fkak mk`cv dmvkfmldkv (L`cxk >37 îl`k >4-. !

Lisam`mk

Vs ~rcvc`fml vs~crl ikv zlikrcv cvtm~sildkv c` il `kral ~lrl fk`vsak hsal`k c` dmvtm`tkv ~s`tkv) ci lisam`mk cv s` actli imbcrk) |sc vc ~scdc dmv~crvlr hlfml wk`lv licgldlv dc il jsc`tc am`crlimwldl) cv ~kr ciik |sc vc ~scdc somflr c` ilv l~lrmfmk`cv vs~crjmfmlicv dc ikv zki÷ac`cv dc m`jmitrlfmö` |sc crkvmk`l` ikv c`tkr`kv jsc`tc) lvá fkak tlaomí` c` wk`lv c` ilv |sc ci rcfkrrmdk vs~crjmfmli ikbrl crkvmk`lr rkfl fk` fk`tc`mdkv am`crlimwldkv `ltsrliac`tc) hlvtl c` il ~lrtc jm`li dci rák Amvhfl (L`cxk >37 îl`k >3-. !

Lrví`mfk

Cvtc cicac`tk vc c`fsc`trl fka÷àc`tc c` vmvtcalv am`crlimwldkv fkak ci |sc flrlftcrmwl il wk`l dc cvtsdmk) cv ~kr ciik |sc vs ~rcvc`fml vc dcoc li fk`tlftk dc ilv lbslv vs~crjmfmlicv } vsotcrrì`clv fk` ikv ljikrlamc`tkv rkfkvkv) |sc m`fis}c` c` vsv fk`tc`mdkv m`tcr`kv altcrmlicv lvkfmldkv l vsijsrkv dc wm`f) ~ikak) ~iltl) krk } lrví`mfk) lvá cvtc cicac`tk cicac`tk vs~crl ikv zlikrcv cvtloicfmdkv cvtloicfmdkv c` il `kral `kral l ~lrtmr dc il

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Fldamk

Cvtc cicac`tk vc lvkfml ~rm`fm~liac`tc l ikv vsijsrkv dc wm`f } ~ikak c` il wk`l dc cvtsdmk) ~kr ciik cv |sc vc c`fsc`trl` fk`tc`mdkv |sc vs~crl` ikv zlikrcv cvtm~sildkv c` il `kral ~lrl fk`vsak hsal`k) c` ci ~s`tk somfldk c` il `lfmc`tc dci rák Amvhfl } c` il |scorldl Vlffiil`m (L`cxk >37 îl`k >2-. !

Hmcrrk

Ikv vsijsrkv ~rcvc`tcv c` il wk`l) `ltsrliac`tc m`fis}c` cvtc cicac`tk) c` vs jkral aìv fka÷` } dmvtrmosmdl c` il fkrtcwl) il ^mrmtl) cvtc cicac`tk cv ci aìv la~imlac`tc dmvtrmosmdk dc`trk dc ilv lbslv cvtsdmldlv) ~kr ik tl`tk vs ~rcvc`fml vc dcoc l s`l flrlftcrávtmfl dc dmv~crvmö` hmdrkbck|sáamfl m`hcrc`tc l vs fk`vtmtsfmö` |sáamfl) l~lrcfmc`dk fkak l`kaliál c` lbslv vsotcrrì`clv } vs~crjmfmlicv vs~crl`dk ikv zlikrcv cvtloicfmdkv ~kr il `kral ~lrl ci fk`trki dc lbslv dc fk`vsak hsal`k (L`cxk >37 îl`k >8-. !

Al`bl`cvk

Ci al`bl`cvk) cv s` cicac`tk litlac`tc dmvtrmosmdk c` il wk`l dc cvtsdmk) ~kr il l~lrmfmö` dc flrok`ltkv dc flifmk } al`bl`cvk) fk`vtmts}c`tcv ~rm`fm~licv dc ilv rkflv |sc fk`jkral` l ilv i lv Jkralfmk`cv Fhs`sal}k) Fk`dkrvm`bl } li Brs~k Amts) vs l~lrmfmö` vc vsfcdc dcvdc ikv zki÷ac`cv vsotcrrì`ckv hlvtl ikv drc`lgcv vs~crjmfmlicv) vmc`dk c` cvtkv ~s`tkv c` ikv |sc vsv zlikrcv ikbrl` vs~crlr ikv zlikrcv cvtloicfmdkv ~kr il `kral (L`cxk >37 îl`k >=-. !

îkak

Ilv l`kaliálv dc cvtc cicac`tk fk` rcv~cftk l ilv `kralv dc rcbsilfmö` dc lbslv) ~lrl fk`vsak hsal`k) vc rcilfmk`l` dmrcftlac`tc fk` vsv ljikrlamc`tkv fkak ac`l m`fismdl c` ci actliktcftk lvkfmldk l vsijsrlfmö`) fk` cicac`tkv fkak wm`f) hmcrrk) ~iltl) fkorc) lrví`mfk) ~kr ik tl`tk vs ~rcvc`fml cv m`jcrmoic l ~lrtmr dc il m`tcrlffmö` dci lbsl (~kr zál vs~crjmfmli k c` ìrclv dk`dc vc m`jmitrl-) |sc dmvkfml ci c`tkr`k am`crlimwldk } ik trlvildl t rlvildl hlfml wk`lv m`jcrmkrcv) tl`tk acfì`mflac`tc fkak acdml`tc il dmvkisfmö` c` fldl s`k dc vsv ljikrlamc` ljik rlamc`tkv tkv (L`cxk >37 îl`k <>-.

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Lrví`mfk

Ci zlikr aìv litk } ci ÷`mfk l il zcw |sc vs~crl cvtl `kral) vc somfl c` s` ljikrlamc`tk dc lbslv vsotcrrì`clv) zlic dcfmr) vs krmbc` vc dl c` ilv ~lrtcv m`tcr`lv dc ikv vmvtcalv rkfkvkv) lvkfmldkv l il am`crlimwlfmö` ~rk~ml dc il wk`l } c` bc`crli l il ~iltl) fk`vtmts}c`tc vcfs`dlrmk dc il flrlftcrmwlfmö` am`crliöbmfl dci ìrcl cvtsdmldl (L`cxk >37 îl`k >:-. !

Hmcrrk

Ikv ~s`tkv vs~crjmfmlicv |sc flrlftcrmwl` ilv l`kaliálv) k zlikrcv vs~crmkrcv l ikv cvtloicfmdkv c` il `kral) vc rcilfmk`l` dmrcftlac`tc fk` il cxmvtc`fml dci c`tkr`k am`crlimwldk) c` ci fsli) fkak l`tcrmkrac`tc vc hl dcvfrmtk) cxmvtc` cicac`tkv lvkfmldkv l vsijsrkv) fkak cv ci flvk dc il ~mrmtl) |sc ~kvcc s`l dc ilv dmvtrmosfmk`cv hmdrkbck|sáamflv aìv litlv dc`trk dci ìrcl cvtsdmldl (L`cxk >37 îl`k >8-. !

Al`bl`cvk

Lvkfmloic l il ~rcvc`fml dc flrok`ltkv } am`crlicv ljm`cv l wk`lv vcdmac`tlrmlv) ci krmbc` dci al`bl`cvk c` ikv ~s`tkv |sc vs~crl` ikv zlikrcv cvtloicfmdkv c` il `kral ~lrl fk`vsak dc l`malicv) vc dcvfmjrl dci litk ~kdcr crkvmzk dc ilv lbslv vs~crjmfmlicv dldl il hctcrkbc`cmdld dci rcimczc ~kr ci fsli ci rák Amvhfl tmc`c vs flsfc) lsac`tl`dk ci ~kdcr crkvmzk fsl`dk vc m`frcac`tl ilv ~c`dmc`tcv dci rcfkrrmdk } tlaomí` ilv fk`jisc`fmlv dci rák fk` lbslv vsotcrrì`clv } jmitrlfmk`cv |sc vm omc` `k vk` as} vmb`mjmfltmzlv m`dmzmdsliac`tc) c` fk`gs`tk fk`trmos}c` l vs m`frcac`tk fkak flrbl mö`mfl (L`cxk >37 îl`k >=-. !

îkak

Cvtc cicac`tk vs~crl m`fisvk ikv zlikrcv cvtloicfmdkv ~lrl fk`trkilr ilv lbslv |sc vcrzmrì` ~lrl ocomdl dc l`malicv dc ac`kr krdc`) dcomdk l vs la~iml dmvtrmosfmö` c` ci c`tkr`k) `k vkilac`tc dc`trk dc ilv lbslv fkak vkistk) vm`k tlaomí` c` oik|scv rkfkvkv |sc hl` vmdk lrrl`fldkv } lrrlvtrldkv l rrlvtrldkv hlfml ìrclv fk` fktlv m`jcrmkrcv) dk`dc

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Ci vmvtcal rkfkvk ~rcdkam`l`tc c` il wk`l dc cvtsdmk vc c`fsc`trl fk`jkraldk ~kr rkflv flimwlv) ~crtc`cfmc`tcv l ikv Brs~kv Amts) ^sflrì } il Jkralfmö` Fhs`sal}k (dcvdc il olvc hlvtl ci tk~c-. C` ci lv~cftk bckiöbmfk cvtrsftsrli) cxmvtc s` lim`clamc`tk l`öalik) fkrrcv~k`dmc`tc l s` jliilamc`tk rcbmk`li) fk` tc`dc`fmlv dc rsaok vsrkcvtc! `krcvtc) fk` oswlamc`tk hlfml ci vsrcvtc) ci fsli vc m`jmcrc c` il dcimamtlfmö` ikfli dc ikv drc`lgcv dci rák Vk`dk`dk. Vk`dk`dk. Ci lbsl cv ci ~rm`fm~li lbc`tc dc dmv~crvmö` bck|sáamfl c` il wk`l cvtsdmldl) `k vkilac`tc l trlzív dc il dmvkisfmö` } il dmvkfmlfmö` mö`mfl |sc ívtl bc`crl c` ci vmvtcal) vm`k tlaomí` l trlzív dc ikv ~rkfcvkv dc actckrmwlfmö` jávmfl) crkvmk`l`dk) trl`v~krtl`dk } dc~kvmtl`dk altcrmlicv l ik ilrbk dci rcfkrrmdk dc ikv flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv } vsotcrrì`ckv. Ikv akzmamc`tkv dc ilv lbslv dc m`jmitrlfmö` vc ~rkdsfc` l ~lrtmr dc ikv dc~övmtkv fsltcr`lrmkv ~kfk fk`vkimdldkv hlfml ilv wk`lv vsvfc~tmoicv dc dmvkfmlfmö` jmvmfk|sáamfl dc ikv dc~övmtkv flrok`ltldkv) c`fk`trl`dk vlimdlv c` ikv flsfcv vs~crjmfmlicv l aìv dc 2>> actrkv dc dmjcrc`fml dc litsrl dcvdc vsv krábc`cv. Ilv ~c`dmc`tcv dc ikv rákv ^la~l`l) Amvhfl } Vk`dk`dk vk` hctcrkbí`clv } `m`bs`l dc ciilv vs~crl ikv 6> brldkv c` vsv rcfkrrmdkv l trlzív dci c`tkr`k) ~kr ik |sc ci jlftkr ~rcdkam`l`tc c` vs trlolgk dc dmvkfmlfmö` cv l|síi rcilfmk`ldk fk` ikv zki÷ac`cv dc lbsl |sc ikbrl` lfsasilr l ik ilrbk dc vsv trlakv. Ilv |scorldlv ac`krcv) Vlffiil`m) Alrflfhltl } _lglsrc) vk` ilv |sc tmc`c` ilv al}krcv ~c`dmc`tcv c` vsv rcfkrrmdkv } vsv jlftkrcv dc crkvmö` k dmvkfmlfmö` vc rcilfmk`l` al}krac`tc fk` il z cikfmdld dc vsv zki÷ac`cv. Ci jc`öac`k dc dmvkfmlfmö` vkorc ilv rkflv ~kr ~k r ~lrtc dc ilv lbslv vs~crjmfmlicv } vsotcrrì`clv vc ~rkdsfc `k vkilac`tc ~kr ci cjcftk acfì`mfk dc vs akzmamc`tk) vm`k tlaomí` dcomdk l ilv flrlftcrávtmflv |sáamflv dc ívtlv) |sc ikbrl` dmvkfmlr |sáamflac`tc l ikv altcrmlicv dci c`tkr`k c m`fismr vsv fka~kvmfmk`cv fkak ~lrtc dc il vkisfmö`) trl`vjmrmí`dkvc tlaomí` ilv flrlftcrávtmflv jmvmfk|sáamflv ~rk~mlv dci vmvtcal rkfkvk ca~ilwldk.


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Ilv lbslv |sc hl` vmdk cvtsdmldlv c` ci ~rcvc`tc cvtsdmk ~kvcc` zlikrcv dc ~H al}krcv l 2) ~kr ik tl`tk vk` fk`vmdcrldlv oìvmflv k liflim`lv) bc`crldk l ~lrtmr dci ~rkfcvk dc dmvkfmlfmö` |sáamfl dc rkflv flrok`ltldlv) |sc dkam`l` ci vmvtcal rkfkvk. Il akzmimdld dc ikv cicac`tkv cv zlrmloic) cv ~kr ciik |sc vs los`dl`fml c` ikv fk`tc`mdkv hádrmfkv cv dmjcrc`tc ~lrl tkdkv ikv ~s`tkv) cv ~kr ciik |sc c`fk`trlakv li imtmk fkak ci cicac`tk ac`kv los`dl`tc c` ci l`ìimvmv dc ilv lbslv vs~crjmfmlicv } vsotcrrì`clv) l dmjcrc`fml dci hmcrrk) |sc cv ci aìv los`dl`tc ~lrl tkdkv ikv ~s`tkv) cvtk dcomdk l vs litl vsvfc~tmomimdld jrc`tc li ~kdcr crkvmzk dc ilv lbslv) ik |sc ldcaìv trl`vamtc l ívtlv flrlftcrávtmflv dc lfmdcw } fk`dsftmzmdldcv ciíftrmflv al}krcv li rcvtk. Cv czmdc`tc ci ~rkfcvk dc `cstrlimwlfmö` c`trc ikv mk`cv vsijltk } flrok`ltk) ik |sc bc`crl zki÷ac`cv dc lbslv liflim`lv } tlaomí` cvtì` dmrcftlac`tc rcilfmk`ldkv fk` ikv m`frcac`tkv c` il fk`dsftmzmdld ciíftrmfl. @k tkdkv ikv ljisc`tcv vsotcrrì`ckv fk`trmos}c` li m`frcac`tk c` ilv fk`fc`trlfmk`cv mö`mflv) tli cv ci flvk dc ikv ~s`tkv TV!

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|sc vs~crl` il @kral) ~crk ívtlv vk` ac`kv } vs krmbc` vc dcdsfc l ~lrtmr dc ik cx~imfldk iá`clv lrrmol) dldl il los`dl`fml dc rcfsrvkv hádrmfkv c` il wk`l) |sc trl`vjmcrc` ilv flrlftcrávtmflv jávmflv } |sáamflv dcvdc ci c`tkr`k rkfkvk dmvkfmldk hlfml ikv drc`lgcv c` dk`dc fk`jis}c` } l~lrcfc` c` vs~crjmfmc l ik ilrbk dci flsfc dci rák Amvhfl. Ikv svkv dc il hmdrkbck|sáa hmd rkbck|sáamfl mfl vk` rciltmzlac`tc `sczkv) ilv l~imflfmk`cv |sc ~scdc` c`fk`trlrvc dc ívtl zlrál` dcvdc trlolgkv dc cx~ikrlfmö` am`crli hlvtl ilokrcv dc flrlftcrmwlfmö` dc fsc`flv) ~scv ikv drc`lgcv |sc ilv flrlftcrmwl` vk` c`tkr`kv dm`ìamfkv) fk`vtl`tcac`tc czkistmzkv } ~scdc` orm`dlr cvtmalfmk`cv dc ilv flrlftcrávtmflv jávmflv } |sáamflv dc fsli|smcr tcrrc`k.



_CFKAC@DLFMK@CV Dc lfscrdk l ilv m`jkralfmk`cv kotc`mdlv } ikv dltkv dcvlrrkiildkv c` il ~rcvc`tc tcvmv) vc hl fk`vmdcrl`dk ~crtm`c`tc cjcftslr ilv vmbsmc`tcv rcfkac`dlfmk`cv7 rcfkac`dlfmk`cv7 !

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Ilv m`jkralfmk`cv bckiöbmflv hl` vmdk fka~lrldlv fk` ikv dltkv dc fla~k) cv `cfcvlrmk dcvlrrkiilr s`l lftslimwlfmö` dc il bckikbál ikfli l jm` dc dctcram`lr fk` al}kr ~rcfmvmö` il fk`jmbsrlfmö` bckiöbmfl } cvtrsftsrli dc ikv ca~ilwlamc`tkv c` tkdl il rcbmö`. Ikv fk`fc~tkv omkiöbmfkv) hmdrkiöbmfkv) bckiöbmfkv c hmdrkbck|sáamfkv dcoc` vcrzmr fkak olvc ~lrl il dctcram`lfmö` dc flrlftcrávtmflv ~s`tslicv) tlicv fkak il czlislfmö` dc ma~lftkv dc lftmzmdldcv m`dsvtrmlicv k il flrlftcrmwlfmö` dc ikv c`tkr`kv dc trlol t rlolgk. gk. Il hmdrkbck|sáamfl dcoc vcr svldl fkak s`l hcrrlamc`tl dc m`zcvtmblfmö` } l il zcw fkak s` aítkdk dc m`jkralfmö`) tl`tk l ikv ~rkjcvmk`licv dc ikv vcftkrcv m`dsvtrmlicv fkak l ikv ~koildkrcv dc vcftkrcv ca~ilwldkv c` laomc`tcv fcrfl`kv l ikv isblrcv c` ikv |sc vc dcvlrrkiil` ilv ~rm`fm~licv lftmzmdldcv cfk`öamflv dci ~láv. Vc rcfkamc`dl il dcimamtlfmö` dc ~cráactrkv dc ~rktcffmö` k fk`trki dc ikv dmvtm`tkv ljikrlamc`tkv dc lbsl vsotcrrì`cl) lvá fkak tlaomí` il m`vtlilfmö` dc ~mcwöactrkv dc fk`trki dc lbslv vsotcrrì`clv c` ikv lircdcdkrcv dc ilv wk`lv c` ilv |sc vc zmc`c` dcvlrrkiil`dk lftmzmdldcv m`dsvtrmlicv fk` ~ktc`fmlicv ma~lftkv vkorc ci acdmk laomc`tc. Cv rcfkac`dloic cjcftslr trlolgkv dc czlislfmö` dc rmcvbkv rcilfmk`ldkv fk` ~rkfcvkv dc bckdm`ìamfl cxtcr`l c` ilv ikflimdldcv dc L~k`bk } Tlfl) vc h l` kovcrzldk ìrclv fk` ~ktc`fmlicv rmcvbkv dc dcv~rc`dmamc`tkv } fkil~vkv fcrfl`kv l dmfhlv ~koilfmk`cv. ~koilfmk`cv. Asfhkv dc ikv fk`jimftkv vkfmlicv ~scdc` vcr vkisfmk`ldkv k czmtldkv acdml`tc il ldcfsldl fkas`mflfmö` dc m`jkralfmk`cv fkrrcftlv } ~rcfmvlv ~kr ~lrtc dc ikv vcftkrcv m`dsvtrmlicv hlfml ilv ~koilfmk`cv somfldlv c` ìrclv dc m`jisc`fmlv dc dmfhlv lftmzmdldcv) cxmvtc` kflvmk`cv c` ilv |sc dmfhlv vmtslfmk`cv iicbl` l frclr cvfc`lrmkv mrrlwk`loicv) tkdk dcomdk l il jlitl dc m`jkralfmö` } cdsflfmö` hlfml ilv fkas`mdldcv.

TESIS MARKO CASTAÑEDA

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