OPOSICIONES AL CUERPO DE MAESTROS GALICIA ESPECIALIDAD: INGLÉS
THEME 15 AUTHORS, GENRES, AND LITERARY AGES AGES SUITABLE SUITABLE FOR FOR TEFL. KINDS OF TEXTS
PART ONE: TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.
INTRODUCTION
If we consider that level is what students can actually do with the language, it will become obvious that even at the early stages students can in fact do a great deal with the language: They They can iden identi tify fy sound soundss (vowel (vowels. s. conson consonant ants, s, inton intonati ation, on, stress, stress, rhyt rhythm hm), ), certain certain words words and and structures. structures. They They can produce these orally; orally; recogni recognize ze them in a tet and, at the very least, least, underline words, if they can!t actually set them down on a separate sheet shee t of paper. In short, even the very beginners beginners can do something with with the language. The teacher then must build from from that point by adding input which which is is neither neither too advanced, nor nor too easy. easy. The input input must be motivating motivating enough for them to want to try to understand, first, and then try to reproduce in some way. way.
"inema, music, and literature are rich in motivating material, if the teacher #nows how to select and to present content in such a way that it will both challenge and motivate them.
2. CONTENTS $.%.
The !"e#$#% &e'#e( $') F!&*#e( !' EFL
The &nglish language is certainly rich in literary figures and genres; and the literary ages are full of intriguing aspects that students can find etremely motivating. "haucer, for eample, is not merely an author who wrote a few famous tales in a strange dialect that nobody uses today. 'ut rather he tells some very good stories which, if a teacher can get beyond the purely academic side of the great literary figure, could well be introduced to students in such a way that suits their particular age group and level. The Canterbury Tales, for eample, is tremendously full of material that will motivate students. s long as the teacher #nows how to select and to present the content (#eeping in mind rashen!s model of *input + %* (input ust a little above the students! level) a great many literary figures can be successfully used in T&-.
/ithout forgetting, of course, that literature must be suitable to the students! level and age group, and that any tet can be adapted to suit the needs and capabilities of &- students, the following is a selection of authors. genres, and periods that could be used in T&-.
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The following are some of the well #nown tales which are often published in colourful and easy0 to0read graded readers: *The elves and the shoema#er,* *The three little pigs,* *The gingerbread boy,* *The little red hen,* *The princess and the pea,* *The sly fo and the little red hen,* *The three billy0goats gruff,* *"hic#en lic#en,* *The three bears,* *The ugly duc#ling,* *The emperor!s new clothes,* *Town mouse and country mouse.,*1leeping beauty,* *2uss in boots,* *3umpelstilts#in 3apunzel,* *The wolf and the seven little #ids,* *ittle red riding hood,4 The brave tailor,* *5ac# and the beanstal#,* *6ansel and 7retel,* *"inderella,* *'eauty and the, beast,* *1now /hite and the seven dwarfs,* *Tomb Thumb*, *The little mermaid,* and *The /izard of 8z4 (*/ell0loved tales* adybird: %9).
+eK'/ Rh%0e( dditionally, the following are a few well #nown rhymes and songs: *8ne, two, put on your shoe, */here is thumb#in,* *2olly put the #ettle on,* *3ain, rain, go away,4 Two little birds sitting on a wall,4 This is the way,4 8ld
muffet,* *ittle 5ac# horner,4 /ee /illie /in#ie,* *8ne potato, two potatoes,4 Ten green bottles,* *&eny, meeny, miny, mo,* *There was a girl,4 It!s raining, it!s pouring,4 -ie, fie, foe, fum,4 The brave old =u#e of >or#,* *There!s a hole in my buc#et4, There was an old woman who lived in a shoe.* *6ush little baby,* *ittle bo0peep,* *1ing a song of sipence,* *8h dear, what can the matter be?,* *ittle boy blue The house that 5ac# built,* *1he sells seashells,* *2eter piper.* *Thirty days has 1eptember,4 There was an old woman who swallowed a fly,* *Ten green and spec#led frogs The owl and the 2ussy cat,* (=a#in %9@).
2..
B#!"!(h A*"h#( $') Te"(
Beowulf The tet, in 8ld &nglish. is from the %Ath0cent. 'ut it was believed written in the th0 cent. The tale is about the life of the 7eatish hero 'eowulf who in his youth fights and #ills 7rendel, a monster and then #ills the monster!s mother. -ifty years later he battles a dragon and both are #illed.
"haucer!s The Canterbury tales, in prose and verse, was written in the late %Bth0cent. The story begins when twenty0nine pilgrims on their way to "anterbury agree to tell tales as they go to ma#e the time pass by Cuic#er. There are twenty0four tales told altogether. They include the following: *The #night!s tale,* *The miller!s tale,* *The reeve!s tale The coo#!s tale,* *The man of law!s tale,* *The wife of bath!s tale,* *The friar!s Tale,* *The summoner!s tale,4 The cler#!s tale,4 The merchant!s tale,* *The sCuire!s tale The -ran#lin!s tale,* *The physician!s tale The pardoner!s tale,* etc.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is an alliterative poem from the second half of the %Bth0cent. The story begins at ing rthur!s court in "amelot during a new year!s feast. large green man appears and dares the #nights to cut his head off. >oung 7awain obliges him, after accepting the challenge that he will allow his own head to be cut off on the same day the following year. The 7reen night pic#s up his severed head and retires. year later, 7awain sets out to meet his fate, coming to a castle, where he is invited in as a guest. The lord of the castle comes to an agreement with him, that whatever comes to pass the young #night will report it to the lord. /hen the lord!s wife tries to seduce him, he resists. but the lady insists and he allows her at last to ma#e a present to him of her garter. 6e does not report this to the lord of the castle who reveals his true identity: he is the 7reen night. The 7reen night honors him for his honesty
and courage, and pardons 7awain the debt he has come to pay. Devertheless, he cuts the young #night!s nec# with his ae, for not telling him about his wife!s garter.
Piers Plowman, a late %Bth0cent. poem in
1ir 2hilip 1idney (%EEB0@) is an attractive figure: 6e was a romantic poet and a courageous #night who was #illed in -landers in an attac# he led on a 1panish supply convoy. There are aspects of his life0if not some of his literary wor#0which students would find interesting.
&dmund 1penser (c. %EE$099) was author of, among other wor#s, The Faerie Queene, which contains some interesting material about courtiers and #nights, dragons and medieval castles. 1penser!s life is of some interest, especially his friendship with 1ir /alter 3aleigh and his encounter with the Irish people.
/illiam 1ha#espeare (%EB0%%) has a great many plays which are of particular interest to the young. 6is history plays are full of intriguing stories of &nglish #ings and Cueens (Henry !!!, "i#hard !!!$% There are parts of some of his tragedies which are particularly motivating, such as the three witches in &a#beth, or the ghost scene in Hamlet, and of course, "omeo and 'uliet attracts much attention among the young.
1eviral of his comedies are appealing to young
students, especially &idsummer ight)s *ream and The Tem+est , both of which have a good many, scenes involving youths about the same age as the students.
Though the metaphysical4 writings of 5ohn =onne (%EF$0%G%) are very difficult to appreciate, the life of the man can be of interest to you and students. The poet sailed with &sse to sac# "adiz in %E9 and with 3aleigh to hunt the 1panish treasure ships off the zores in %E9F.
'en 5onson (%EF$HG0%GF) is another intriguing literary figure whose life is of particular interest to students.
"oming from the lower class, he struggled to educate himself and eventually
became one of the #nown playwrights in &ngland.
2arts of his comedies are motivating:
ol+one is about a man who pretends he dying to get money from people who pretend to be honest but are in fact rogues. 6e wrote The &asue ofBla#-ness for ueen nne because she had always wanted to appear on stage as a Degress. nd The .l#hemist is an hilarious comedy
about a servant, -ace, who, with a fa#e alchemist, ta#es advantage of the absence of the owner of $ house in 'lac#friars in ondon during an epidemic. They use the house to tric# roguish people out of money.
5ohn
phra 'ehn (%BA?0%@9) is a tremendously intriguing figure. 1he was a spy for ing "harles II and wor#ed under cover in ntwerp during the =utch war. 6er play The "o0er is about the adventures of a band of &nglish cavaliers in Daples and
nimals were used in *'oo#s for boys and girls* and *"ountry rhymes for children*, published in %@. The stories had a moral to teach. They were well #nown not only in 'ritain but also in Italy, -rance, and 1pain. -urthermore, some of the verse from *=ivine and moral songs for children* are still heard to this day: *6ow doth the little busy bee?*
=aniel=efoe(%A0%FG%) is best #nown fo rhis nove 3obinson"rusoe4 .The time in which he wrote is particularly interesting, since it coincided with the growth of the colonies in Dorth merica. The novel is based on the eperiences of leander 1el#ir# on the island of 5uan -ernandez. The relationship between the shipwrec#ed 3obinson and an indigenous inhabitant of a deserted island is of particular interest.
5onathan 1wift (%F0%FBE) is especially well #nown for his Gulli0ers Tra0els, about a shipwrec#ed surgeon on the island of illiput, where the inhabitants are a mere si inches high. In the second part, the surgeon is shipwrec#ed on an island where the inhabitants are as tall
steeples. In the third part, the surgeon finds himself on a flying island, and in the fourth part he is in a country ruled by horses with more sense (reason) than most humans.
/illiam "ongreve (% FA0%F$9) is of inter est to young students in that he wrote his satirical plays during the 3estoration period, when the monarchy was restored after twenty years of eile in -rance. "ongreve, &therege, -arCuhar, Janbrugh, and /ycherley wrote hilarious satires in the comedy of manners style. The fashion and the influence of the -rench court on &nglish society is an interesting topic to develop; it is something which the comedy of manners style has preserved.
2erhaps less intriguing for the young than =efoe and 1wift, loseph ddison (%F$0%F%9) and 1ir 3ichard 1teele (%F$0%F$9) are of interest in that they wrote for newspapers and periodicals such as the Tatler, The S+e#tator, The Guardian% 5ournalism is a very important literary style today as it was in ddison and 1teele!s day. "omparing Khe two ages and ma#ing periodicals or newspapers in class can be Cuite motivating.
The writings of the poet leander 2ope (%@@0%FBB) typify the Deoclassical style in 'ritish literature. 6is poem in rhyming couplets The "a+e of the /o#- is interesting as a story in itself. t a card game, a young gentleman, enamored with a young lady, brazenly cuts off a loc# of her hair in front of everyone. It is not only an ecellent piece for discussing the manners of that time, but also representative of the #ind of encounters of a seual nature that young people normally face.
1amuel 5ohnson (% FA90@B) is an eample of a writer who was born with few economical means and became one of the most renowned man of letters in the %@th0cent. 6is early friendship with =avid 7arric#, before the latter because a famous actor, is interesting, as there are many of 'oswellLs anecdotes in his biography of 5ohnsonLs life. "asselas, Prin#e of .bysinia is a novel which is full of adventures about a young prince and his sister on a ourney to eotic far away places.
5ohn Dewbery (%F%G0F) was one of the earliest #nown publishers of children!s boo#s. 6e published fables, poems, tales and novels. *7oody Two 1hoes*, considered the first boo# created especially for children, may have been written by the playwright 8lvier 7oldsmith (? % FGA0FB) 0the author of the uproariously funny play She Stoo+s to "onCuer0for Dewbery. In
%FEG, he published *The illiputian
indi#ation ofthe "ights of men and indi#ation of the "ights of 2omen, written two years later. 1he died shortly after giving birth to her daughter. There are obviously a great many aspects worthy of attention not only with regard to the author!s life, but also to the messages of her boo#s.
/illiam 'la#e (%FEF0%@$F) is an alluring figure and his poetry, especially Songs of inno#en#e and of e3+erien#e, and is full of material suitable for young people. nd as he was also a painter and an engraver, there are prints available of much of his wor#. Songs of !nno#en#e and of 43+erien#e contains some very motivating poems, such as *The "himney 1weeper* (*/hen my mother died % was very young,H nd my father sold me while yet my tongueH could scarcely cry MM!weepK !weep, !weepKNN*), or *The Tyger* (*TygerK TygerK burning brightH In the forests of the night*) or *The ittle 'lac# 'oy* (*
3obert 'urns (%FE909) was an etravagant figure who wrote poems in 1cottish dialect. 6is life is of interest: s a young man he greatly believed in the eCuality of all man#ind, and so he defended the cause of the -rench 3evolution. 8ne of his poems, *uld ang 1yne*, though in a language which is difficult to understand, is still sung by a great many native spea#ers of &nglish the world over on Dew >ears &ve: *1hould auld acCuaintance be forgot,H nd never brought to min!?H 1hould auld acCuaintance be forgot,H nd days o! lang syne?H -or auld lang syne, my dear, -or auld lang syne,H /e!ll ta#e a cup o! #indness yet,H -or auld lang syne.*
/illiam /ordsworth (%FFA0%@EA) was a poet who was in favour of the -rench 3evolution when he was young, but who later spo#e out against it. 6e left a -rench girl, with child and returned to &ngland and settled down with his sister =orothy. 6is /yri#al Ballads, which he coauthored with "oleridge is considered a landmar# in &nglish 3omanticism. 8f particular interest to the young is his long poem The Prelude, in which he spends a great deal of time spea#ing about his infancy and school days. The psychological insight into his childhood eperience is remar#able.
1amuel Taylor "oleridge (%FF$0%@GB) as a young man was an idealist who favoured the -rench 3evolution and in %F9B, along with 3obert 1outhey, planned to start a 2antisocratic commune in merica, which never came to be. "oleridge became addicted to opium, as did people in 'ritain in the early %9th0cent. after doctors prescribed huge Cuantities of laudanum (opium dissolved in alcohol) to ease pain. There is a lot to his long poem *The 3ime of the ncient
1ir /alter 1cott (%FF%0%@G$) wrote novels of medieval subects which were popular in 'ritain and merica. *lvanhoe* is still widely, read among young people: In it, /ilfred of Ivanhoe, son of a noble 1aon, oins 3ichard the ion 6earted at the "rusade in the 6oly and. 5ohn, 3ichard!s younger brother, tries to overthrow him in his absence. Ivanhoe helps 3ichard restore authority. In the novel, 3obin 6ood and -riar Tuc# also appear. 8ther novels by 1cott include The &onastery, The .bbot, and Tales of0 the Crusades%
7eorge 7ordon 'yron (%F@@0%@$B) belonged to the generation of &nglish 3omantic poets that followed /ordsworth and "oleridge. 6e gave up a seat in the 6ouse of ords to live in eile. 6is poem *"hilde 6arold!s 2ilgrimage* made him famous in %@%$. The poem describes the
poet!s travels, among other places, through 2ortugal and 1pain. 'yron!s personal life was the tal# of &urope at the time, for he was rich and handsome and notorious for his escapades of pleasure and *sinful* behaviour. 6e is said to have swum the 6ellespont with a friend for the fun of it. 6is *=on 5uan* contains parts which young 1paniards may find interesting, especially the part that describes 5uan as a youngster in 1eville and, when he gets older, his mother, *=onna* Inez, sends him away to "adiz and then abroad. 6e was also an idealist who armed a body of troops with his own money in order to help the 7ree#s in their filht against the Tur#s. 6e died of fever, though, before the *'yron 'rigade* saw real action.
The poet 2ercy 'ysshe 1helley (%F9$0%9$$) was a friend of 'yron. s a student at 8ford, he was notorious for his unconventional dress and his eccentricity. 6e was a rebel, denouncing royalty, and a vegetarian.
6e eloped with
seventeen, and he lived abroad for the remainder of his life. *2rometheus Onbound* is perhaps the most promising of his poems for the &- teacher. 2rometheus is said to have disobeyed Peus by teaching man#ind how to use fire. 1helley has him chained to a roc# as punishment for disobeying the supreme god.
'ut 2rometheus does not repent his act, and in the end,
2rometheus triumphs over tyrany. 1helley was drowned when, returning from visiting 'yron, his boat capsized near ivomo.
5ohn eats (%F9E0%@$%) was a friend of 1helley. 6e didn!t write poetry until he was eighteen, and ust in a few years he had earned a name for himself and had a very successful future ahead of him. 'ut he died of tuberculosis at the age of twenty0si. 6is poem *The &ve of 1t. gnis* is particularly promising in its treatment of legend that says that if a young girl performs a certain ritual, she will dream of her future husband on the evening before 1t. gnes! =ay (5anuary $%st). eats writes a breathta#ing story of how a young maid is visited that night by a youn z man who is in love with her, and what betides them.
lfredTennyson(%@A909$) was a popular poet in both &ngland and the Onited1tates. 8ne of his most often read poems still is *The "harge of the ight 'rigade,* which he wrote after reading in The Times about a heroic cavalry charge at 'alaclava during the "rimean /ar in which three Cuarters of the si hundred cavalrymen were #illed or captured by the 3ussians who defended the position.
nother eample of epatriate &nglish writers were the poets 3obert 'rowning (%@%$0@9) and &lizabeth 'rowning (%@A0%) who were married in %@B and went to live in Italy. The fact that both were famous poets, married, and epatriates is sufficient enough material to pursue. 3obert!s *1oliloCuy of the 1panish "loister* and *"hristmas0&ve and &aster0=ay* are alluring titles, but hardly material for young &- students.
"harles =ic#ens (% @%$0FA) is by far one of the most useful authors for &- teachers. &specially popular are his novels *a0id Co++erfield, 1li0er Twist, and Great 43+e#tations, and his Christmas Carol is still customat >uletide reading for the yourth.
The 'rontQ sisters, "harlotte (%@%0EE), &mily (%@%@0B@) and nne (%@$A0B9), are interesting figures. Their father was an Irishman who was curate of 6aworth, >or#shire. Their mother died in %@$E, leaving them to be cared for by their aunt. They were sent to a "lergy =aughters! 1chool which, it is believed, proved to be such a harsh place that it impaired their health and may have hastened the deaths of two elder sisters. The girls grew up reading and admiring such authors as 'yron and /alter 1cott, and such eotic tales as The .rabian ights% The harshness of schools and schoolmasters at that time is a subect of interest for young students, as is the story of three girls who eventually became famous authors. nne!s .gnes Grey was originally published under the pseudonym cton 'ell. "harlotte!s 'ane 4yre is especially well #nown because of the 8rson /ells film that was made of it. nd &mily!s 2uthering Heights was also made into a film in %99B.
ewis "arroll, whose real name was "harles utwidge =odgson, (%@G$0%@9@) is famous for two boo#s which he wrote especially for children: .li#e in 2onderland and Through the /oo-ing5 Glass% 8f the two, perhaps the &- teacher will find the former more useful: "ertainly many of the scenes, such as the rabbit rushing down the hole after consulting his watch, are Cuite well #nown. The story of how "arrol had made up the tale to entertain the two daughters Rone of whose names was lice0 of a friend on a boat trip offers possibilities of captivating the attention of the students as well. 6e apparently later created the second tale specially for lice.
"oald *ahl (678956776$ wrote some of the most +o+ular no0els for #hildren in re#ent years: Charlie and the Cho#olate Fa#tory, The 2ii#hes, Gremlins, and a many others. s a boy he was educated in &nglish boarding schools, and many of his novels reflect the many unpleasant eperiences he had there.
2.5. A*"h#( $') "e"( 3#0 "he U'!"e) S"$"e( Though it did have a few high spots in the early years of the 3epublic, The Onited 1tates had no flourishing literature of its own until the middle of the %9th0cent. It is a good idea for &- teachers who are non0native spea#ers to familiarize themselves with merican authors and their wor#s in order to better understand the culture and the language that mericans use. Though students can hardly be epected to read these authors themselves, the teacher can help them to appreciate the literature, in the hope that at some time in the future they will read the tets on their own. "ertainly ust tal#ing about any one of the following authors and the time and place they lived would provide ample motivating material for &- class activities.
/ashington Irving (%F@G0%@E9), a Dew >or#er, published his well #nown tale *3ip Jan /in#le* in %@$A. Th still often told story is about a man who falls asleep on a mountain and wa#es up many years later to find that the colonies have become a republic.
The tale offers many
possibilities of comparing life in the O.1. before and after the =eclaration of Independence.
Dathaniel 6awthorne (%@AB0%@B) was a from Dew &ngland 2uritan stoc#. 6is stories and novels depict some of the harshest realities of 2uritanism and its effect on people. side from his well #nown novels The S#arlet /etter and The House of the Se0en Gables, he also wrote some wor#s for children, such as 2onder Boo- and Tanglewood Tales%
6is short story
*>oung 7oodman 'rown* is an intriguing tale of how a man meets a demon in the forest who invites him to a party.
&dgar llan 2oe (%@A90%@B9) was from 'oston,
6erman
and is hanged for it. well #nown short story is *'artleby the 1crivener*, about a law0copyist who decides to move into the office where he wor#s in the /all 1treet district of
an#ee businessman is clubbed over the head by his factory wor#ers and comes to in during ing rthur!s legendary reign in early medieval &ngland. The novel can introduce a comparison of medieval life to what life was li#e in the late %9th0cent. and to modern life. arn*.
'ret 6arte (%@G0%9A$) wrote a good many stories about life in the merican /est. *Tennessee!s 2artner!. *The 8utcasts of 2o#er -lat,* and *The uc# of 3oaring "amp* provide ecellent descriptions of what it was li#e to live in the /est. nd his poem *2lain anguage from Truthful 5ames,* does honour to a culture that respects directness and unadorned simplicity.
mbrose 'ierce (?%@B$0%9%B) also wrote about the merican /est. 6e served in the merican "ivil war. In The 'oarded /indow4 he narrates what it was li#e in the area around "incinnatrti, 8hio in the early %@GAs, where there is an inmense and almost unbro#en forest. The whole reghion was sparsely settled by people of the frontier Rrstless soulsS (1tegner %9EF: %EB).4
6enry 5ames (% @BG0%9%) came from a rich family and was therefore able to travel a great deal and to study in ondon, 2aris, and 7eneva. s a young man he felt more at home among the &uropean upper class society and thus settled in &urope in %@FE. 6is writings are a blending of merican and &uropean world views: 6is novel *aisy &iller is a marvelous eample of the
impact of merican verve on &uropean staidness. =aisy is an energetic and freespirited young merican whom the narrator, an merican who has spent most of his life living on the "ontinent and, as such, is more &uropean than merican, becomes attracted to.
'ut because he is
inhibited by manners and convention, he cannot get close to her. =aisy scandalizes the members of *respectable society* with her uninhibited language and behaviour. 8ther well0#nown novels of his include 2ashington Suare, The Bostonians, and Portrait oflady%
8.
6enry (%@$0%9%A), pseudonym of /illiam 1ydney, famous for his amusing short stories
which he began writing when he was in prison. *The 3ansom of 3ed "hief! is about the #idnapping of a child who causes his #idnappers so much trouble that they are willing to throw away the ransom ust to get rid of him. *The 7ift of the
&dith /harton (% @$0%9G F) was a close friend of 6enry 5ames. nd li#e him, she wrote about. mericans in &urope. *3oman -ever* tells of two elderly merican ladies in 3ome recalling an incident that happened to them in, that very city when they were young.
1tephen "rane (% @F%0%9AA) became famous at the age of twenty0four with his novel The "ed Badge of Courage about a young soldier in battle during the merican "ivil /ar. 6e was a ournalist and he wrote about the 1panish0merican /ar of %@99.
6e had tremendously
promising career ahead of him when, on visit to 7ermany, he died of tuberculosis.
1herwood nderson (%@F0%9B%) was famous for 2inesburg, 1hio, a collection of short stories about life in a small town. Tar: . &idwest Childhood is semi0autobiographical.
5ames Thurber (%@9B0%9%) his humorous short stories, written for the magazine The ew ;or-er of life in *middle* merica were very popular. 6is short story *The 1ecret ife of /alter
/illiam -aul#er (%@9F0%9$), though a difficult novelist for many, wrote a great deal from the perspective of a boy: The Sound and the Fury, .s ! /ay *ying, and */as* in Go *own &oses%
southerner from the state of
5ohn 1teinbec# was from "alifornia.
&. 6emingway (% @990%9 %) is particularly useful to the &- teacher for his close connection with 1pain in the %9GAs. The Sun lso "ises, Fiesta, and For 2hom the Bell Tolls are directly about 1pain. The 1ld &an and the Sea is about a "uban fiisherman who catches an enormous fish he!ll never manage to bring to port, and nobody believes him. 6e won toe Dobel 2rize in %9EB.
5. =. 1alinger (%9%90) is still popular among young readers for his novel The Cat#her in the rye (%9E%) about an adolescent who runs from a boarding school in a small town to Dew >or# "ity. nd Franny and Pooey (%9%) , who is also about two adolescents, a brother and a sister, members of an eccentric family.
Two fro0merican writers in particular offer material that can be of interest.
lice
/al#er!s novel The Color Pur+le was made into a film. It is an ecellent story about the life of an fro0merican woman in the 1outh. It is specially useful for the many parts it has that involve children. nd Toni
ecellent stories about fro0mericans. 6er novel Belo0ed, which won the 2ulitzer 2rize in %9@@, has some good scenes involving adolescent girls.
4.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
'3<1, <. 6., ed.: (%99G). The orton anthology of 4nglish literature% ondon: /. /. Dorton. "O33&DT073"-, &. and 2. /T8D, 3.: (% 7<8$% .meri#an short stories% Bth ed. ondon: 1cott, -oresman and "ompany.
=ID, 5.: (%9@F). Songs and rhymes for the tea#hing of 4nglish% 6arlow: ongman.
=3''&, <.
and 1T3ID7&3, 5. eds.: (%99A).
The Con#ise 13ford Com+anion to
4nglish literature% 8ford: 8ford Oniv. 2ress.
1<218D, 7.: (%9FA). The Con#ise Cambridge History of 4ngllish /iterature% Grd ed., rev. and enl. by 3. ". "ambridge: "ambridge Oniversity 2ress.
/&08J&= T&1 1&3I&1. (%9FB). oughborough. adybird 'oo#s.
PART T+O: PRACTICAL DEELOPMENT 1.
LEEL
Grd cycle (th grade)
2.
TIME OF SESSIONS
8ne wee#, in pril, to be finished by the day dedicated to the children!s boo#.
3.
OB6ECTIES
G.%.
Ge'e#$
0 To read and comprehend short tets (Darrative form) 0 To produce a short written tet giving information
G.$. 0 0
S7e8!3!8
3ecognize the importance of reading habits Improve reading s#ills in the foreign language 0 earn about the literature written in the foreign language.
4.
METHODOLOGY
The methodology used should be suitable to a communicative approach to teaching &nglish as a foreign language. That is, ta#ing into consideration the age, ability and needs of the students, as well as the criteria specified in the overall obectives of the course, the &- teacher should apply learning strategies which are based on learning by doing, i.e., tas# oriented strategies. The tas#s reCuired elicit a participative attitude on the part of the learners and a guiding role on the part of the teacher. dditionally, the teacher should help the students to learn both to thin# and to do in the target language.
5. THE TEACHING UNIT: SPECIFIC CONTENTS Con#e+tual: 0 vocabulary: words related to literature (authorH different genres etc.)
0 phonological aspects: the pronunciation of the names of the authors wor#ed. 0 grammar structures: )Gulli0er)s Tra0els byS HIt is the story ofS H5. 1wift was born inS and died in S
Pro#edural: 0 group wor# 0 note ta#ing 0 investigation in the ibrary.
So#iologi#al as+e#ts% 0 cross curricular activities interactiovn
9.
ACTIITIES AND TASKS
.%.
The Teacher (T) brings several graded boo#s tc the class and chec#s, how many authors are #nown by students and starts the
=2ee- of Tra0els around 4nglish
/iterature > (*7ulliverLs Travels4).
9.2.
(T) divides students in groups of four and gives each group an assignment: a research proect on an author and his or her boo#s.
9.4.
&ach group decides on its own class proect which is to be finished by the end of the wee#
9. .
(T) helps students with the, re.search, bringirig all the materials from the resource0 room need (boo#s, magazines, slides, postcards, movies, music, etc.)
9.5.
&ach group will be given a big piece of butcher paper where they can stic# their wor#.
9.9
class field trip to the local ibrary, to loo# for translations of the authors selected.
9..
7uided readings of famous stories so the students will be able to write short sentences informing about some data (name of the author; place and date of birth; names of the most well #nown boo#s: what is the story about and famous characters).
.
MATERIALS
The materials have already been mentioned.
;.
FINAL TASK
&ach group eposes its wor# to the rest of the class: they may paste the information (tets, photocopies, drawings) on the wall paper and perform something about it: 3ead aloud; sing a song; read a poem; perform a s#it, etc.
<.
EALUATION
(ccording to Theme D %B.)
