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Q`yjtj{jo }`mjyj i`yfjhj kjhjl q`ybck` 9,0 {jepo }jodj{ kbjogpyfjo/ Q`od`ypfjo bob kbejyjqfjo {bkjf ejorj kbhjfpfjo kb lphp{,lphp{ }podjb i`}jy( ojlpo gpdj qjkj fjojh kjo }jhpyjo,}jhpyjo rjod fjqj}b{j} jhbyorj {`hje l`odjhjlb q`opypojo jfbij{ q`od`okjqjo hplqpy/ Q`lkj KFB Gjfjy{j i`f`ygj}jlj k`odjo Q`l`ybo{je I`hjokj {`hje l`hjfpfjo qycr`f q`ymco{cejo q`hjf}jojjo q`od`ypfjo k`odjo l`oddpojfjo Nhcj{bod Iphhkcw`y NI" kb i`i`yjqj {`lqj{ kb KFB }`q`y{b ]jhpyjo Fjhb Lj{b kjo Fjhb Qjk`ljodjo kb F`hpyjejo Qjk`ljodjo Ijyj{( F`mjlj{jo Qjk`ljodjo( Gjfjy{j P{jyj kjo }jhpyjo,}jhpyjo hjboorj/ Jhj{ bob {`yipf{b i`f`ygj mpfpq `n`f{bn( {`yp{jlj po{pf }jhpyjo kb hcfj}b,hcfj}b rjod qjkj{ q`okpkpf rjod }`kbl`oorj {bkjf ib}j kbjlibh k`odjo jhj{ }`mjyj hjod}pod kjyb qboddby }jhpyjo/ K`odjo }b}{`l bob q`od`ypfjo kjqj{ kbhjfpfjo {joqj l`yp}jf {jojljo j{jp qceco rjod jkj kb }`qjogjod }jhpyjo fjy`oj qyc}`} icodfjy lpj{ }`kbl`o kbhjfpfjo kb }pj{p hcfj}b fc}cod j{jp kb j{j} g`lij{jo rjod {`hje kbqbhbe kjo kb}py~`b }`i`hplorj/ Q`od`ypfjo kb ijtje g`lij{jo qpo kjqj{ kbhjfpfjo j}jh g`lij{jo {`y}`ip{ lj}be l`lqporjb ypjod i`ij} }`fb{jy 01 ml kb j{j} jby }`eboddj NI kjo cq`yj{cyorj kjqj{ i`yd`yjf kb ijtjeorj/ ]b}{`l q`od`ypfjo bob q`y{jlj fjhb kbhjfpfjo kb Bokco`}bj {jepo 9112 qjkjejh kb o`d`yb j}jhorj( I`hjokj( {`hje kbdpojfjo }`gjf 91 {jepo rjod hjhp/ ]`}pjb k`odjo ojljorj cj{bod iphhkcw`y rjod i`yjy{b iphkc}`y {`yjqpod( jhj{ bob kbdpojfjo po{pf l`okcycod lj{`ybjh }`kbl`o kjyb kj}jy }jhpyjo f` jyje hcfj}b kb }jhpyjo rjod {`ygjodfjp ch`e `umj~j{cy/ `umj~j{cy/
Djlijy >,57 Q`li`y}bejo }`kbl`o k`odjo Nhcj{bod Iphkcw`y
>/9/ Q`ojlijejo kjo Q`yijbfjo Fjqj}b{j} ]pi,Ljfyc ] pi,Ljfyc [`ylj}pf kjhjl mjfpqjo }pi,ljfyc bob jkjhje tjkpf j{jp }b{p rjod jkj kjhjl }pj{p fjtj}jo/ Gplhje tjkpf rjod jkj kb Gjfjy{j l`ljod {bkjf l`ljkjb/ I`i`yjqj tjkpf gpdj }pkje {jf i`ynpod}b hjdb( jkj rjod yp}jf kjo ijefjo jkj rjod kbgjkbfjo yplje q`okpkpf j{jp fjtj}jo q`ykjdjodjo/ Kb }jlqbod b{p fjqj}b{j} tjkpf rjod }pkje jkj gpdj {`yp} l`o`yp} i`yfpyjod fjy`oj ijorjforj }`kbl`o kjo }`ljfbo f`mbhorj jy`j {jodfjqjo tjkpf/ Fjy`oj b{p q`yhp jkj q`yijbfjo fjqj}b{j} tjkpf k`odjo mjyj q`od`ypfjo ljpqpo q`yhpj}jo/ Kb }jlqbod b{p( epobjo,epobjo rjod l`lq`yf`mbh fjqj}b{j} tjkpf ejyp} kbi`ij}fjo/ Tjkpf,tjkpf Tjkpf,tjkpf rjod }pkje {bkjf jf{bn hjdb ejyp} f`lijhb kbi`ojeb jdjy ib}j kbq`ydpojfjo hjdb/ KFB Gjfjy{j {jf ejorj ib}j l`odjokjhfjo tjkpf rjod {`hje jkj( q`ojlijejo gplhje tjkpf gpdj ejyp} kbhjfpfjo }`eboddj yj}bc ijkjo jby ib}j h`ibe kb{bodfj{fjo/
>/=/ Q`yijbfjo Q`odjhbyjo Jby qjkj ]b}{`l Lbfyc
]jlqje kjo q`lijodpojo rjod }`yjlqjodjo }`ybod l`op{pq jhbyjo kyjboj}` hbodfpodjo
Djlijy >,27 D`ojodjo kb Gjhjo ]pkbyljo jfbij{ kyjboj}` {bkjf hjomjy
]jhpyjo q`lipjodjo#kyjboj}` }b}{`l lbfyc" hbodfpodjo {`ylj}pf rjod mpfpq yplb{ q`ylj}jhjejo kb Bipfc{j/ [bkjf hjomjyorj }jhpyjo bob kjhjl l`lijtj jby f` }jhpyjo }pi,ljfyc l`ogjkb q`or`iji p{jlj {bliphorj d`ojodjo kb }j{p fjtj}jo/ I`yf`ojjo k`odjo }b}{`l lbfyc bob jkj i`i`yjqj q`or`iji rjod l`lipj{ hblqj}jo jby i`yqc{`o}b {`y{jejo kb }j{p tbhjrje {`y}`ip{/ Q`y{jlj( kjhjl }j{p kj`yje jkj rjod {bkjf l`lqporjb }jhpyjo kyjboj}` }jlj }`fjhb/ Jfbij{orj( f`{bfj epgjo h`ij{ jby ejorj l`odjhby kb hcycod,hcycod kb }`hj, }`hj yplje q`okpkpf/ Ibj}jorj bob {`ykjqj{ kb kj`yje qjkj{ q`okpkpf k`odjo ijorjf ijodpojo hbjy }`eboddj q`lijodpojoorj {`yf`}jo j}jh,j}jhjo }jgj/ F`kpj jkjhje ijorjforj }b}{`l kyjboj}` hbodfpodjo rjod {bkjf i`ynpod}b }jlj }`fjhb/ ]jhpyjo lbfycorj jkj {jqb kjhjl f`jkjjo }pkje ―lj{b‒( jby {jf ib}j hjdb i`yd`yjf f` ljoj,ljoj/ Ejh bob ibj}jorj {`ygjkb( kb }jlqbod fjy`oj l`ljod h`ljeorj f`ljpjo tjydj kjhjl l`l`hbejyj }jhpyjo {`y}`ip{( gpdj fjy`oj f`{bkjf{jepjo lj}rjyjfj{ {`yejkjq }pj{p kyjboj}` kbhbodfpodjoorj( {`yp{jlj ijdb tjydj ijyp/ Ib}j gpdj fjy`oj tjydj rjod jfjo l`lijodpo yplje {bkjf m`ylj{ l`hbej{ kyjboj}` rjod }pkje jkj6 jfbij{orj }jhpyjo {`y}`ip{ {jf hjdb jkj dpojorj/
]`kjodfjo rjod f`{bdj( kjo rjod qjhbod ijorjf kbjhjlb tjydj Gjfjy{j( jkjhje }`ljfbo f`mbhorj fjqj}b{j} kyjboj}` hbodfpodjo/ Bob l`or`ijifjo f`ljlqpjo l`odjhbyfjo jby kyjboj}` {`y}`ip{ }jodj{ f`mbh( jfbij{orj gbfj epgjo h`ij{ {pypo f`ljlqpjoorj l`odjhbyfjo {jf l`ljkjb/ Bob jfbij{ }`ljfbo }`lqb{orj }jhpyjo kjo }`ljfbo {`ijhorj }`kbl`o rjod jkj kb kj}jyorj/ Fjy`oj b{p( q`yhp jkj q`yjtj{jo yp{bo po{pf l`ogjdj fjqj}b{j} }jhpyjo kyjboj}`/
>/;/ Q`od`lijodjo kjo Q`lipj{jo ]plpy Y`}jqjo
Fjtj}jo rjod l`lqporjb lpfj jby {joje kjodfjh {jf q`yhp l`lipj{ }plpy y`}jqjo/
Q`od`lijodjo y`}jqjo jby( ipfjo ejorj kjhjl i`o{pf tjkpf kjo }b{p( {jqb ib}j gpdj kjhjl i`o{pf }plpy,}plpy y`}jqjo rjod i`yi`o{pf hpijod, hpijod }plpyjo f`mbh ojlpo kbijodpo lj}}jh kjhjl }fjhj fc{j/ Lb}jhorj kb hbodfpodjo q`ypljejo( q`y{cfcjo( gjybodjo kyjboj}` gjhjo( {jljo( {`lqj{# hjqjodjo chje yjdj( kjo hjbo,hjbo/ K`odjo jkjorj hpijod,hpijod }plpyjo bob kbejyjqfjo }`ijdbjo jby kjqj{ l`y`}jq f` kjhjl {joje kjo l`ojlije mjkjodjo jby {joje/ Pfpyjo }plpy bob {bkjf q`yhp {`yhjhp h`ijy( mpfpq lb}jhorj : Ô 9 l`{`y k`odjo f`kjhjljo 9 j{jp = l`{`y( k`odjo kbi`yb q`yfpj{jo kbokbod i`{co j{jp hjboorj/
]plpyjo {`y}`ip{ kbi`yb i`yqcyb kjo kj}jyorj {`{jq i`ypqj {joje kjo kbi`yb }jybodjo( }`eboddj jby epgjo kjqj{ l`y`}jq f` kjhjl {joje kjo l`ogjkb jby {joje/ Fjtj}jo,fjtj}jo rjod ib}j kbf`lijodfjo }plpy y`}jqjo po{pf lj}j k`qjo( jo{jyj hjbo jkjhje7 • q`ypljejo qjkj ejhjljo yplje" 6 ejhjljo q`y{cfcjo( ljhh( }pq`yljyf`{ 6 • • {`lqj{ qjyfby {`yipfj 6 • {`lqj{ y`fy`j}b {`yipfj 6 • ejhjljo nj}bhb{j} q`okbkbfjo7 ]K( ]LQ( ]LQ( ]LJ( Pob~`y}b{j} 6 }`qjogjod {`qb kjo l`kbjo gjhjo 6 • • hjqjodjo7 {jljo( hjqjodjo }`qjf ichj( dchn( }{jkbco( Lcoj} kjhjl gjhpy hbo{j}jo {`y{`o{p" 6 • q`l`ybo{jejo7 ejhjljo fjo{cy f`hpyjejo( f`mjlj{jo( fc{jljkrj/ Ibhj kb }`hpype tbhjrje KFB Gjfjy{j ib}j kb{`yjqfjo f`ibgjfjo bob( ljfj ~chpl` jby epgjo rjod ib}j kb{jejo kjo l`y`}jq f` kjhjl {joje jfjo i`y{jlije kjo jfjo l`ojlije mjkjodjo jby {joje/ [jqb( ejyp} qphj kbbodj{ ijetj }`ljfbo f` p{jyj q`lipj{jo }plpy q`yj}jqjo }`ljfbo {bkjf kb}jyjofjo fjy`oj lpfj jby {joje }pkje }`ljfbo {boddb/ Gjkb ipj{ kj`yje rjod lpfj jby {jojeorj fpyjod kjyb hblj l`{`y kblbo{j po{pf {bkjf l`lipj{ }plpy y`}jqjo/
Djlijy >,:17 Mco{ce hjejo rjod l`oddpojfjo }plpy y`}jqjo/
Q`lipj{jo }plpy y`}jqjo bob ejyp} kbqjf}jfjo kb q`lijodpojo q`od`lijodjo ijyp k`odjo gjhjo l`ogjkbfjo q`lipj{jo }plpy y`}jqjo bob }`ijdjb ijdbjo kjyb q`y}rjyj{jo q`li`ybjo BLI/ [`yp{jlj po{pf kj`yje rjod l`ok`fj{b f` jyje ephp/ K`odjo k`lbfbjo jby h`ibe ijorjf hjdb rjod ib}j {`y{jejo }`i`hpl l`odjhby f` jyje ebhby/ Po{pf l`lj}rjyjfj{fjo }plpy q`y`}jqjo bob Gjfjy{j ib}j ib }j l`obyp Rcdrjfjy{j/ Rcdrjfjy{j/ Kb fc{j dpk`d b{p ejlqby }`lpj tjydjorj l`oddpojfjo }plpy q`y`}jqjo( }`eboddj }jhpyjo,}jhpyjo kyjboj}` {bkjf i`db{p f`tjhjejo l`ojlqpod jby hblqj}jo/
Q`lipjodjo hplqpy ib}j l`ogjkb b}p }c}bjh jqjibhj {bkjf kbyjomjod kjyb jtjh
>/0/ Q`lipj{jo Ijodpojo Q`ojejo Hplqpy %Fjo{cod Hplqpy" ]`ijdjbljoj {`y{`yj kjhjl i`yijdjb hjqcyjo( {bodfj{ q`hplqpyjo }podjb,}podjb kb tbhjrje KFB Gjfjy{j mpfpq {boddb/ Qyc}`} q`hplqpyjo bob l`or`ijifjo }podjb l`ogjkb }`ljfbo kjodfjh kjo l`or`ijifjo q`ylpfjjo jby }podjb l`ogjkb m`qj{ l`oboddb kjo jby l`hblqj}/ Po{pf l`om`dje kjo l`odpyjodb i`}jyorj hplqpy rjod l`od`okjq kb kj}jy }podjb q`yhp kbipj{ ijodpojo q`ojejo hplqpy qjkj hcfj}b,hcfj}b {`y{`o{p/ Po{pf tbhjrje KFB Gjfjy{j bob q`yhp jkj }{pkb l`od`ojb f`lpodfbojo kbijodpoorj {`lqj{,{`lqj{ fjo{cod hplqpy bob( }`fjhbdp} kbyjomjod qphj {`lqj{ q`lipjodjo hplqpyorj/ Q`lipjodjo hplqpy ib}j l`ogjkb b}p }c}bjh jqjibhj {bkjf kbyjomjod kjyb jtjh( fjy`oj hcfj}b q`lipjodjo hplqpy bob jfjo i`y{jlije {`yp} }`mjyj fplphj{bn( kjo {`o{porj l`l`yhpfjo ypjod fep}p} po{pf b{p/
Djlijy >,::7 ]`kbl`o{j}b ib}j kb{jejo }`i`hpl lj}pf f` tjkpf j{jp f` }podjb
Q`lipjodjo hplqpy bob }`kbl`o{ kb}qc}jh" q`yhp kbyjomjod kjyb jtjh/ Jkj i`i`yjqj jh{`yoj{bn po{pf b{p7 • kb{blipo kb {`lqj{,{`lqj{ d`ojodjo jby rjod ipfjo l`ypqjfjo {`lqj{ qjyfby jby 6 kbipjod f` {`lqj{ po{pf y`fhjlj}b qjo{jb k`odjo l`lq`yej{bfjo j}q`f • hbodfpodjo 6 kbkjephpb k`odjo {y`j{l`o{ kjqj{ kbljonjj{fjo po{pf q`lipj{jo# • q`oboddbjo bonyj}{ypf{py( lb}jhorj gjhjo yjrj/
C]K ejyp} l`ogjkb qyj}rjyj{ kjhjl q`lijodpojo }j{p fjtj}jo
>/>/ Q`od`lijodjo [jlqpodjo ]`{`lqj{ F`{bfj }pj{p tbhjrje kbf`lijodfjo ljfj qycqcy}b q`ylpfjjo rjod f`kjq jby }`q`y{b j{jq kjo q`yf`yj}jo i`{co jfjo i`y{jlije/ Kb }b}b hjbo( q`ylpfjjo rjod kjqj{ l`or`yjq jby kjo l`lpodfbofjo jkjorj boh{yj}b }`q`y{b h jqjodjo yplqp{ kjo f`ipo l`ogjkb i`yfpyjod/ Q`ypijejo bob l`ojlije fpjo{b{j} ljpqpo hjgp jhbyjo jby epgjo rjod l`odjhby/ Qjkj ejlqby }`lpj f`jkjjo( q`ojlijejo jhbyjo jby q`ylpfjjo jfjo l`odjfbij{fjo {`yhjlqjpborj fjqj}b{j} {jlqpod }jhpyjo kyjboj}` }`eboddj {`ygjkb d`ojodjo kjo ijogby rjod l`oddjoddp/ Fchjl q`ojlqpod }`{`lqj{ co,}b{` }{cyltj{`y k`{`o{bco,C]K" qjkj tbhjrje rjod hpj} kjqj{ l`lij{j}b q`y{jlijejo k`ib{ qjkj }jhpyjo kyjboj}`/ ]{pkb q`od`okjhbjo ijogby TG@LQ KFB =,2 911;" {`hje l`od`hpjyfjo hjqcyjo i`ygpkph ―Fyb{`ybj Q`y`omjojjo C]K‒ rjod i`yb}b q`y{blijodjo kjo fyb{`ybj k`}jbo po{pf q`lijodpojo C]K kb hbodfpodjo q`yfc{jjo( fep}p}orj KFB Gjfjy{j/ Hjqcyjo bob i`yb}b fjgbjo phjod j{j} boncylj}b( hj{jy i`hjfjod( j}q`f }bqbh( ebkychcdb( k`}jbo ebkychbf kjo q`l`hbejyjjo C]K/ Qjkj {bodfj{ }{yj{`db q`od`okjhbjo ijogby kb lj}j rjod jfjo kj{jod( q`lipj{jo nj}bhb{j} C]K bob ejyp} l`ogjkb qyj}rjyj{ kjhjl q`lijodpojo ijyp ljpqpo q`lijodpojo f`lijhb }pj{p fjtj}jo/
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