Gbtrcju`tgcb Gb tlgs issgmboabt gopkaoabtitgcb wis jcba ncr @cbtrck cn i sgopka iutcoitaj systao usgbm i Trcmriooifka Kcmg` @cbtrckkars (TK@). Ptru`tura ibj tla cparitgcb jas`rgfaj is nckkcws5
P, I, F ibj @ ira plctc sabscrs wlg`l ira pki`aj cb tla sioa lcrgzcbtik kavak. P, I, F ira bcroikky cpabaj wlgka @ gs bcroikky `kcsaj. Zlara ira twc i`tuitcrs I6 ibj I0 tlit pusl tla gtaos ibj i`tuitcr I9 gs usaj tc stiopgbm. Gt gs raqugraj tc scrt tla gtaos gbtc nckkcwgbm tlraa `itamcrgas. 9. Gtaos mraitar tlib kabmtl I@ 6. Gtaos aquik cr mraitar tlib kabmtl IF ibj kass tlib kabmtl I@ 0. Gtaos kass tlib kabmtl IF
Zla gtaos sitgsnygbm `cbjgtgcb (9) ira tc fa stiopaj tlraa tgoas fy I9 ibj aha`taj fy i`tuitcr I6, tlcsa sitgsnygbm `cbjgtgcb (6) ira tc fa stiopaj twc tgoas fy I9 ibj aha`taj fy i`tuitcr I0 ibj tlcsa sitgsnygbm `cbjgtgcb (0) ira aha`taj it tla abj cn tla `cbvaycr. Zla `cbvaycr fakt slcukj fa stcppaj it tla tgoa cn stiopgbm ibj tlara slcukj fa sunng`gabt tgoa ncr tla stiopgbm i`tuitcr tc mc jcwb ibj `coa up. Zla sabscr P sabsas sabs as wlab ib gtao gs pki`aj gbtc tla `cbvaycr ibj tla fakt slcukj stirt ocvgbm wlab tlara gs ib gtao gb tla `cbvaycr ibj wlgka gt gs fagbm prc`assaj. ]lab tlara gs bc gtao, tla `cbvaycr slcukj fa stcppaj.
Ippiritus usaj 9. Tlctc sabscrs I plctcaka`trg` sabscr, cr plctc aya, gs ib aqugpoabt usaj tc jgs`cvar tla jgstib`a, ifsab`a, cr prasab`a cn ib cfha`t fy usgbm i kgmlt tribsogttar, cntab gbnriraj, gbnriraj, ibj i plctcaka`trg` ra`agvar.
6. Pgbmka i`tgbm `ykgbjars Pgbmka-i`tgbm `ykgbjars tribsnar tla ncr`a gb cba jgra`tgcb cbky. Zla `ykgbjar oiy fa pukkgbm cr puslgbm. Ncr tla `ykgbjar tc raturb tc gts crgmgbik pcsgtgcb, i ncr`a gb tla cppcsgta jgra`tgcb gs ba`assiry. Zla cppcsgta anna`t `ib fa i`lgavaj fy usgbm i fugkt-gb sprgbm systao.
0. Pgaoabs P=-644 TK@ Zla Pgaoabs P=-644 TK@ gs i vary pcpukir `lcg`a, wlab ycu stirt TK@ prcmrioogbm. Gt gs tla `laipast TK@ nrco Pgaoabs, ibj gt gs vary aisy tc famgb prcmrioogbm.
> jgmgtik gbputs : jgmgtik cutputs Bct axpibjifka wgtl ocjukas
:. @cbvaycr I `cbvaycr systao gs i `coocb pga`a cn oa`libg`ik libjkgbm aqugpoabt tlit ocvas oitargiks nrco cba kc`itgcb tc ibctlar. 1. Octcr Octcr gs usaj tc rub tla `cbvaycr fakt. >. Tcwar suppky ]a usa 6:^ tc pcwar suppky tc mgva pcwar tc TK@, sabscrs ibj gopkaoabtitgcb fcirj.
Oatlcjckcmy
Gjabtgny tla gbputs ibj cutputs Gb crjar tc `cbtrck cn tla iutcoitaj systao `crra`tky gjabtgng`itgcb cn tla raqugraj gbputs (sabscrs) ibj cutputs (i`tuitcrs) lis tc fa jcba `crra`tky. Ngmura 9 slcws tla ijjrass tifka wlg`l gs usaj tc gopkaoabtaj tla systao.
Ngmura 9 - Ijjrass tifka
Zgogbm jgimrio
I``crjgbm tc tla raqugraj `cbjgtgcbs, `cbjgtgcbs, `crra`t kijjar jgimrio jgimrio oust fa seat`l. seat`l.
@cbjgtgcb 9
Zla sabscr P sabsas wlab ib gtao gs pki`aj gbtc tla `cbvaycr ibj tla fakt slcukj stirt ocvgbm wlab tlara gs ib gtao gb tla `cbvaycr ibj wlgka gt gs fagbm prc`assaj.
I``crjgbm tc tla ifcva kijjar jgimrio wlab wa pki`aj ib gtao sabscr P sabsas ibj tla octcr wgkk stirt ubtgk gt oat wgtl i fraiegbm `cbjgtgcb su`l is stiopgbm cr aha`tgbm tla gtao. Oaibwlgka octcr slcukj stirt intar tla stiopgbm. stiopgbm. ]a usaj 6 up `cubtars (@9, @6) tc jata`t tla buofar cn stiopgbm tgoas tgoas sapiritaky ncr jgnnarabt kabmtl cn ib gtao.
@cbjgtgcb 6 Paka`tgbm tla kabmtl cn tla gtao.
Gt gs raqugraj tc scrt tla gtaos gbtc nckkcwgbm tlraa `itamcrgas. 9. Gtaos mraitar tlib kabmtl I@ 6. Gtaos aquik cr mraitar tlib kabmtl IF ibj kass tlib kabmtl I@ 0. Gtaos kass tlib kabmtl IF
Zlgs kijjar jgimrio usas tc gjabtgny tla gtaos wlg`l kabmtls ira kirmar tlib IF. P c gt gs sivaj tc t c tla oaocry wlg`l wa `ib usaj gt ibctlar tgoa. Ibj iksc gt slcukj `cbtigb i fraiegbm `cbjgtgcb tc rasat tla oaocry.
9. Gtaos mraitar tlib kabmtl I@
]lab gtao kabmtl gs kirmar tlib I@, Pabscr I, F, @ slcukj trgmmar ibj liva tc siva gt gb oaocry. Pc tla fraiegbm `cbjgtgcb slcukj fa tla aha`tgbm tla gtao wgtl tla usa cn I6 i`tuitcr tc rasat tla oaocry.
6. Gtaos aquik cr mraitar tlib kabmtl IF ibj kass tlib kabmtl I@
Gb tlgs wa usaj tlit oaocry wlg`l wa usaj tc jata`t tla kabmtl mraitar tlib IF ibj usaj i bcroikky `kcsaj Pabscr I tc sapirita gt nrco tla kabmtl I@. Fa`iusa wlab V9 trgmmars, fctl gtaos `ib fa tlara. (Kabmtl gs mraitar tlib I@, mraitar tlib kabmtl IF ibj kass tlib kabmtl I@) ]lab gt gs mraitar tlib I@, V6 trgmmars gn gt‗s bct V0 trgmmars.
0. Gtaos kass tlib kabmtl IF
Gtaos kass tlib kabmtl IF slcukj mc ikcbm wgtl tla `cbvaycr ubtgk gt rai`las tc tla abj cn tla `cbvaycr. I``crjgbmky, wlab gtao kabmtl mraitar tlib I@ cr gtaos aquik cr mraitar tlib kabmtl IF ibj kass tlib kabmtl I@ fraiegbm `cbjgtgcbs `ib fa sat.
@cbjgtgcb 0
]lab tla kabmtl cn gtao gs jata`taj gtao slcukj sabj ncr stiopgbm. Gtao slcukj rai`l tc i`tuitcr I9 wgtlgb spa`gng` tgoa tgoa (9: sa`cbjs). Zgoar slcukj rasat intar intar `cubtgbm.
@cbjgtgcb : Gtaos mraitar tlib kabmtl I@ ‐ stiopaj tlraa tgoas fy I9 Kabmtl gs mraitar tlib I@, mraitar tlib kabmtl IF ibj kass tlib kabmtl I@ - stiopaj twc
tgoas fy I9 Kass tlib kabmtl IF ‐ bc stiopgbm raqugraj
Ptiopgbm slcukj stcp wlab `cubtar axpgras. @cubtars oust rasat it tla abj cn tla ai`l aha`tgcb.
@cbjgtgcb 1
]lab tla gtao rai`las ncr stiopgbm wa slcukj oigbtigb cb ibj cnn saquab`a tc jata`t buofar cn stiopgbm `y`kas. Zlit oaibs wa liva tc mgva sapirita tgoa ncr stiopgbm ibj aha`t tla stiopgbm.
@cbjgtgcb > Intar `copkatgcb cn stiopgbm i``crjgbmky `cbvaycr lis tc stirt ibj rai`l tla `crra`t aha`tgbm pcsgtgcb (I6 cr I0). Intar tla `copkatgcb cn tla stiopgbm Z:9 lakps tc rai`l tla gtao kabmtl mraitar tlib I@ tc aha`tgbm pcgbt it I6 ibj Z:0 lakps tc rai`l tla gtao kabmtl mraitar tlib IF ibj kass tlib I@ tc aha`tgbm pcgbt it I0. ]lab gtao rai`las tc tla aha`tgbm pcgbt `cbvaycr lis tc fa stcppaj ibj tla fraiegbm `cbjgtgcbs cn `cbvaycr stcppgbm gs Z:9 ibj Z:0.
@cbjgtgcb = Intar Z:9 ibj Z:0 mat axpgras aha`tgbm i`tuitcrs oust wcre i``crjgbmky.
@copkata kijjar jgimrio
Fkc`e8 OIGB Iutlcr8 @raitaj8 94/9>/649> 4>86181: po Kist Ocjgngaj8 Ocjgngaj8 94/6>/649> 4<8168:9 4<8168:9 po
Pyofck
^ir Zypa
Jiti Zypa
@cooabt
ZAOT ZAOT ZAOT ZAOT TVCMVIO @COOABZP Batwcre 9
`cbvaycr stirts wlab ib cfha`t gs jata`taj.gt stcps it wlab stiopgbm ibj aha`tgbm tla cfha`t
Batwcre @cooabt PabscrSP8G4.4
Z0= /
Z:9
Z:0
/
/
Z:1 /
cut98Y4.6 /
Octcr8Y4.4 9.I
@9
@6
cut68Y4.0
Octcr8Y4.4
/
9.I
Pyofck Octcr cut9 cut6 Pabscr P
Ijjrass Y4.4 Y4.6 Y4.0 G4.4
@cooabt
9/7
tasgbm: / OIGB (CF9)
Batwcre 6
PabscrSI8G4.9
wlab tla cfha`t kabmtl gs kirmar tlib IF , gt gs siva j tc oaocry
PabscrSF8G4.6
cut98Y4.6
cut68Y4.0
/
/
V98O4.9
V98O4.9
Pyofck cut9 cut6 V9 Pabscr I Pabscr F Batwcre 0
PabscrSI8G4.9
Ijjrass Y4.6 Y4.0 O4.9 G4.9 G4.6
@cooabt
wlab tla cfha`t kabmtl gs kirmar tlib I@ gt gs sivaj tc oaocry
PabscrS@8G4.0
PabscrSF8G4.6
cut98Y4.6
/
V68O4.6
/
V68O4.6
Pyofck cut9 V6 Pabscr I Pabscr F Pabscr @ Batwcre :
V98O4.9
Ijjrass Y4.6 O4.6 G4.9 G4.6 G4.0
@cooabt
wlab tla cfha`t kabmtl gs kirmar tlib IF ibj kass tla I@ gt gs sivaj tc oaocry
PabscrSI8G4.9
cut68Y4.0
V68O4.6
/
/
/
V08O4.0
Pyofck cut6 V9 V6 V0 PabscrSI
Ijjrass Y4.0 O4.9 O4.6 O4.0 G4.9
@cooabt
6/7
V08O4.0
tasgbm: / OIGB (CF9)
Batwcre 1
Octcr8Y4.4
]lab tla kabmtl cn tla cfha`t gs jata`taj ibj tgoar stirts, `cbvaycr stcps ncr stiopgbm wlab tgoa axpgras axpgras
V68O4.6
@9
@6
/
/
Z0=
V08O4.0
9:4
GB
ZCB
TZ
944 os
Z0=
Ijjrass Y4.4 O4.6 O4.0
Pyofck Octcr V6 V0 Batwcre >
V68O4.6
@cooabt
I``crjgbm tc tc tla kabmtl cn tla cfha`t stiopgbm gs jcba
Z0<
@6
@9
/
/
/
Z0=
Ptiop8Y4.9
V08O4.0
Ijjrass O4.6 O4.0 Y4.9
Pyofck V6 V0 Ptiop Batwcre =
Z0=
@cooabt
]lab cfha`t rai`las tc stiopgbm gt lis tc oigbtigb cb ibj cnn saquab`a ncr stiopgbm. Z0=,Z07,Z0< usaj tc oiea tla saquab`a.
Z07
Z0<
/
94
GB
ZCB
TZ
944 os
0/7
tasgbm: / OIGB (CF9)
Batwcre <
Z0<
Z07
94
Batwcre 7
@9
GB
ZCB
TZ
944 os
@cbvaycr stcps wlab tla cfha`t gs it tla aha`taj pcgbt I6 (]lab Z:9 mat axpgras)
cut98Y4.6
Z:9
/ Z:9
964
Ijjrass Y4.6
Pyofck cut9 Batwcre 94
@6
944 os
cut68Y4.0 GB
ZCB
TZ
944 os
@cooabt
wlab gt gs stiopaj 0 tgoas gs ga aha`taj usgbm I6
Z:6
cut98Y4.6
/
cut98Y4.6
Pyofck cut9
(] la b Z:0 mat axpgras)
Z:0
914
Ijjrass Y4.0
Z:9
TZ
@cbvaycr stcps wlab tla cfha`t gs it tla aha`taj pcgbt I0
Z:0
Batwcre 99
ZCB
@cooabt
/
Pyofck cut6
GB
Ijjrass Y4.6
@cooabt
:/7
tasgbm: / OIGB (CF9)
Batwcre 96
Z:0
wlab gt gs stiopaj 6 tgoas gs ga aha`taj usgbm I0
Z::
cut68Y4.0
/
cut68Y4.0
Pyofck cut6 Batwcre 90
Ijjrass Y4.0
@cooabt
Z:6 cb wlab aha`tgbm nrco I6 gs jcba ibj mgva tgoa tc fi`ewirj strcea ncr I6
cut98Y4.6
Z:6
94
Pyofck cut9 Batwcre 9:
GB
ZCB
TZ
944 os
Ijjrass Y4.6
@cooabt
Z:: cb wlab aha`tgbm nrco I0 gs jcba ibj mgva tgoa tc fi`ewirj strcea ncr I0
cut68Y4.0
Z::
94
Pyofck cut6
Ijjrass Y4.0
GB
ZCB
TZ
944 os
@cooabt
1/7
tasgbm: / OIGB (CF9)
Batwcre 91
V68O4.6
@9 `cubts 0 tgoas wlab tla kabmtl gs kirmar tlib I@
Ptiop8Y4.9
@9
@Q
@ZQ
cut98Y4.6 V
: T^
Pyofck cut9 V6 Ptiop Batwcre 9>
V08O4.0
Ijjrass Y4.6 O4.6 Y4.9
@cooabt
@9 `cubts 6 tgoas wlab tla kabmtl gs kirmar tlib IF ibj soikkar tlib IF
Ptiop8Y4.9
@6 @Q
cut68Y4.0 V 0
Pyofck cut6 V0 Ptiop
Ijjrass Y4.0 O4.0 Y4.9
T^
@cooabt
>/7
@ZQ
tasgbm: / OIGB (CF9)
Batwcre 9=
]lab tla cfha`t gs soikkar tlib IF kabmtl, cfha`t gs aha`taj j it tla abj cn tla `cbvaycr
V68O4.6
V08O4.0
/
/
Octcr8Y4.4
cut98Y4.6
cut68Y4.0
/
/
9=.I
144
Z:1 9=.I
Pyofck Octcr cut9 cut6 V6 V0
GB
ZCB
TZ
944 os
Ijjrass Y4.4 Y4.6 Y4.0 O4.6 O4.0
@cooabt
=/7
Vasukts Gb tla issgmboabt gt gs raqugraj tc scrt tla gtaos gbtc nckkcwgbm tlraa `itamcrgas. 9. Gtaos mraitar tlib kabmtl I@ 6. Gtaos aquik cr mraitar tlib kabmtl IF ibj kass tlib kabmtl I@ 0. Gtaos kass tlib kabmtl IF ]lab wa pki`aj tla gtao mraitar tlib kabmtl I@, `cbvaycr stirts ibj gb tla prc`ass gt wgkk fa stiopaj 0 tgoas fy I9 i`tuitcr ibj aha`taj fy I6 i`tuitcr. ]lab wa pki`aj tla gtao aquik cr mraitar tlib kabmtl IF ibj kass tlib kabmtl I@, `cbvaycr stirts ibj gb tla prc`ass gt wgkk fa stiopaj 6 tgoa s fy I9 i`tuitcr ibj aha`taj fy I0 i`tuitcr. ]lab wa pki`aj tla gtao kass tlib kabmtl IF, `cbvaycr stirts ibj gtao wgkk fa rai`laj tc abj cn tla `cbvaycr wgtlgb 14 sa`cbjs.
Jgs`ussgcb
Zlgs issgmboabt gopkaoabtitgcb wis jcba ncr `cbtrck cn i sgopka iutcoitaj systao usgbm i Trcmriooifka Kcmg` @cbtrckkars (TK@). Tlctcaka`trg` sabscrs, sgbmka i`tgbm `ykgbjars, Pgaoabs P=-644 TK@, `cbvaycr fakt, pcwar suppky ubgt, octcr ibj `cbba`tgbm wgras ira usaj tc gopkaoabt tla pkitncro. Gb crjar tc su``assnukky jata`t tla wccjab gtaos wa usa plctcaka`trg` sabscrs. Fut wa `ib iksc usa `ipi`gtgva sabscrs. Fa`iusa wccjab gtaos `ib `libma tla oajguo fatwaab tla `ipi`gtgva pkitas. Pc tla `ipi`gtib`a `libmas, `libmas, `ib jata`t tla gtaos. Fut gb just cr cgk abvgrcboabt wa `cukjb‗t usa tlasa, fa`iusa just ibj cgk `ib `libma tla `ipi`gtib`a. (Zlasa `ib fa usaj gb `kaib abvgrcboabt cbky). Is i`tuitcrs wa cbky usaj sgbmka i`tgbm `ykgbjars, fut jcufka i`tgbm `ykgbjars iksc `ib fa usaj. Fut gt gb`raisas tla buofar cn cutputs, sgb`a wa usas Pgaoabs P=-644 TK@ gt `cbtigbs cbky : cutputs. Pc gt gs fattar tc usa sgbmka i`tgbm `ykgbjar fa`iusa raturb strcea gs jcba usgbm i sprgbm. Pc wa `ib goprcva tla pra`gsgcb cn tla gopkaoabtitgcb fy plysg`ikky ibj gbtarbikky. ]lab tla buofar cn batwcres gb tla kijjar jgimrio raju`as, tgoa raju`as tc axa`uta tla prcmrio. Pc tla cptgouo sckutgcb `ib oiea tlgs gopkaoabtitgcb fast gb wcre.
