64
6. SEPARACIÓN GAS-SÓLIDO 6.1
EQUIPAMIENTO EQUIPAMIENTO GENERAL PARA SEPARACIONES SEPARACIONES GAS-SÓLIDO GAS-SÓLI DO Cámaras de decantación por gravedad.
1. • •
•
Es uno de los equipos más simples. Consiste en una cámara donde se reduce la velocidad del gas y se permite que las partículas de polvo decanten por gravedad. No obstante, su utilidad práctica está limitada a remover partículas con diámetros mayores de 43 [µ m] .
2. Separadores por impacto Son un tipo de separadores inerciales en que las partículas part ículas se separan del gas por sucesivos impactos en cuerpos colectores dispuestos en la trayectoria de la corriente gaseosa. Sirven para remover polvos principalmente constituidos por partículas con • diámetros mayores a 10-20 [µ m] . •
3. • •
•
•
4. •
•
•
•
Ciclones. Se usan para remover sólidos y líquidos desde gases. Son el tipo de equipo más usado: el gas portador de partículas entra tangencialmente a una cámara, cilíndrica o cónica, y la abandona a través de una abertura central. Esencialmente, un ciclón es una cámara de decantación donde la aceleración gravitacional s e reemplaza por aceleración centrífuga. Su principal limitación es su baja eficiencia para colectar partículas con diámetros menores a 5 [µ m] .
Separadores mecánicos centrífugos . Son colectores en los cuales cl campo centrifugo es suministrado por un dispositivo rotatorio. Usualmente cl ventilador y el colector de polvo se combinan en una simple unidad. Su eficiencia es comparable a la de ciclones, ya que, que, por un lado obtienen campos centrífugos mayores, pero con trayectorias del gas más cortas y con un mayor grado de turbulencia que también deteriora la separación. Ser compactos es su principal ventaja, y se recomiendan en caso de necesitar un gran número de unidades individuales. Se desaconseja su uso para polvos que tienden a adherirse sobre superficies, ya que se generan graves problemas de mantención por desbalanceo de los rotores.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
65 5. •
• •
•
•
•
6. •
•
•
•
Scrubbers. Son colectores húmedos, en los cuales un líquido, usualmente agua, se dispersa en el gas como un fino rocío, que asiste la colección de polvos o neblinas. Existe una gran diversidad de equipos comerciales. Entre los principales están los Scrubbers Venturi, Scrubbers de rocío autoinducido, Scrubbers de lecho empacado, Scrubbers de lecho fluidizado, Scrubbers de eyector Venturi, Scrubbers tipo ciclón, Scrubbers mecánicos, Scrubbers de lecho de fibra, y Scrubbers eléctricamente potenciados. potenciados. Básicamente, un Scrubber consta de dos partes: (i) etapa de contacto donde se genera el rocío y el gas sucio se contacta con él, (ii) etapa de separación donde el rocío y las partícula 5 de polvo depositadas se separan del gas limpio. Dependiendo del diseño y las condiciones de operación, se pueden coleccionar partículas finas y gruesas. Su desventaja es su alto costo inicial.
Filtros bolsa (manga) . Son dispositivos donde el polvo se remueve de la corriente de gas, haciendo circular el gas sucio a través de una tela. Estas unidades son filtros superficiales en que el polvo se colecciona como una delgada capa a la vez que contribuye a mejorar la superficie del medio filtrante. Tienen alta eficiencia de colección y su mayor limitación son las temperaturas que no pueden excederse: 90º(ºC) para telas naturales, y 230º(ºC) para telas sintéticas. Se diseñan unidades comerciales en tres tipos: (i) limpiados por agitación, donde periódicamente se detiene .el flujo de gas y se agita la bolsa para hacer caer el polvo; (ii) limpiados por flujo reverso, en que periódicamente se detiene el flujo de gas y con un ventilador se sopla gas limpio para desprender el polvo; (iii) limpiados por pulso reverso, donde de manera periódica se detiene el flujo de gas c inyecta a través de una boquilla boquilla Venturi localizada a la salida de de gas limpio, un chorro de aire ai re a alta velocidad, por un brevísimo tiempo aproximado a 100 [ms]. Este pulso de aire expande la bolsa y despega el polvo.
7. Precipitadores electrostáticos El costo de estos filtros bolsa representa una parte sustancial que puede llegar al 20% del costo instalado de la unidad. Además, los costos de reparación y reemplazo de las bolsas es el principal • componente de los costos de mantención. En estos equipos las partículas suspendidas en un gas se exponen a iones gaseosos • en un campo electrostático, adquieren carga eléctrica y migran lo que permite su separación. • Los precipitadores electrostáticos electrostát icos se diseñan para eficiencias de colección de 90 •
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
66
6.2
FIGURA - EQUIPOS
Cámara de decantación por gravedad
Separador por impacto
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
67
Scrubber tipo venturi
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
68
Scrubber MIKROPUL Mikro-Vane
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
69
Esquema de funcionamiento de un ciclón Gas purificado
Soplante
Gas bruto
Polvo Tornillo sin fin
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
70
Scrubber tipo ciclón
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
71
Scrubber combinado con ventilador
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
72
Torre empacada para remover aerosoles ácidos
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
73
Scrubber MIKROPUL Tipo Venturi
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
74
Filtro de mangas de operación continúa
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
75
Algunos métodos típicos de limpieza de mangas
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
76
Esquema de funcionamiento de un precipitador electrostático
Electrodos de "rociado"
Placas de precipitación
Salida de gas purificado
Entrada de gas bruto
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
77
Sección transversal de un nódulo de electrodo de cuatro pasos.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
78
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
79
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
80
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
81
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
The world’s largest digital library
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
82