Sejarah Johor : 1641 dan 1699

_DLAZAB LFBFZ < 1701 @AH 1799

KFBAKA@ ZI@\TAH JIH AJ@ ZABKAH :552

1(5

Udh`abtmtah

Pabth

1701 `ah 1799 a`amab pipic pfmac yahn yahn uamihn udhpihn `amak udzcdkjahnah

sdlazab Lfbfz( Fmdb sdjaj cdkthotmah Cdzalaah Lfbfz jfmdb `icapacah `aziua`a cdlaptbah Cdstmpahah Kdmayt Kdmaca `i pahnah Ufzptnis ua`a 1411( Auajima _tmpah Kabkt` _bab kahncap `amak pabth 14:2- nahpihya iaipt _tmpah Amat``ih Ziayap _bab I yahn jdzuih`ab cd 1

Udcah Pta `i btmt _thnai Lfbfz( Janih`amab zala udzpaka `aziua`a `ihaspi Kdmaca yahn :

jdzpacbpa `i Cdzalaah Lfbfz( _dmaka `ta aja` jdzictphya cdzalaah ud~azis Kdmaca jdzcisaz `i ca~asah

Lfbfz `ah Ziat(

?

Cdlaptbah Cdzalaah Kdmayt Kdmaca `i pahanah Ufzptnis pi`ac 

jdzkacha cdndkimahnah cdstmpahah Kdmayt acah jdzctjtz jdnipt sabala( Auajima

_tmpah

Kabkt` _bab jdzth`tz cd Jdhpah `ah kdh`izicah sdjtab cdzalaah `i Jdhpah( _dmduas cdkahncapah ayabah`ahya- _tmpah Amat``ih Ziayap _bab I pdmab `ipajamcah sdjanai stmpah Lfbfz yahn cd`ta(

0

Cdkthotmah cdzalaah Lfbfz

jtcah sdoaza pija+pija- cdkthotmah cdzalaah

ihi

pasi cdua`a a`ap Kdmayt Kdmayt yahn kdhydjtp ” Pahab `ah zacyap jfmdb kdztuacah stapt kahdgds kahdgdspasi

1

A( _aka` Abka` "1924)- Cdzalaah Lfbfz+Ziat- Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca- bmk 171(  Iji`(- bmk 171+17:( ?  Iji`(- bmk 17:( 0  Iji`(- bmk 174( :

1

4

`ioazi- pdpaui pi`ac jdnipt bamhya `dhnah zala yahn kdkuthyai cdptzthah yahn uamihn ktmia‛ ( Fmdb sdjaj ipt- cdkthotmah cdzalaah Lfbfz a`amab cdsihakjthnah `aziua`a Cdstmpahah Kdmayt Kdmaca( udkdzihpab Kdmayt cdapas cdpd~asah kdzdca `i Kdmaca( Fmdb ipt- udhtjtbah cdzalaah ihi a`amab thptc kdhndkjamicah sdktma cdndkimahnah Cdstmpahah Kdmayt Kdmaca( Cdkthotmah cdzalaah Lfbfz pdmab kdkjtcpicah jaba~a ~amatuth cfpa Kdmaca pdmab `ipa~ah fmdb Ufzptnishakth cdctasaah _tmpah Kabkt` _yab pi`ac pdzldlas( Hakth jdnipt- udzjihoahnah `amak dsdi a`amab jdzcaipah `dhnah udzispi~a yahn jdzmact ua`a pabth 1701 `ah 1799 sdzpa cdudhpihnah udzispi~a ihi cdapas udzcdkjahnah sdlazab Lfbfz( :(5

_djdmtk Udzispi~a Pabth 1701

_djdmtk 1701- jdzmact jdjdzaua udzispi~a yahn udhpihn cbtstshya cdua`a Lfbfz( Udzispi~a ihi kdztuacah udkahncih cdua`a cdkthotmah Lfbfz sdjanai stapt ctasa kazipik yahn `isdnahi `i zahpat ihi( Lfbfz kthotm ua`a pabth 1701 sdjanai sdjtab ctasa yahn yahn kdhydzmab ~amatuth ~imayab cdctasaahhya sdkacih jdzctzahnah `ah cd~ija~aahhya cd~ija~aahh ya sdkacih kdzfsfphakth ia

kasib pdpau kdkictm kapmakap

sdjdmtkhya iaipt Cdstmpahah Kdmayt Kdmaca(

dcfhfki `ah ufmipic 7

sdzpa cdudhpihnah

ctasa

Udhajamah _tmpah Amat``ih Ziayap _bab I iaipt

utpdza _tmpah Kabkt` _bab pdmab kdkjtcpicah jaba~a cdzalaah Lfbfz kdztuacah stapt cdsihakjthnah `aziua`a cdzalaah Kdmaca `ah jfmdb `iicpizag sdjanai ud~azis cdzalaah Kdmayt Kdmaca( Hakth jdnipt- cdctasaah cdzalaah ihi pi`acmab sdbdjap cdzalaah Kdmaca cdzaha jahyac  ca~asah pacmtc cdzalaah Kdmaca pdmab kdhnisypibazcah cdkdz`dcaah sdlac udhnbtlthn ctzth 4 7

Mdfhaz` Y( Ah`aya- "19>4)- Pbd Cihn`fk Fg Lfbfz< 1701+1>:2- Ctama Mtkutz< Frgfz` Thiwdzsipy Uzdss- bmk 4?(  Iji`(- bmk 00(

:

>

cdmika jdmas mani( Ahpaza ca~asah pacmtc yahn kasib kdhnacti cdptahah cdzalaah Lfbfz a`amab pdz`izi `aziua`a _thnai Cdmahn- _thnai Udhanid "Ctama Mihnni)- _thnai _iac- _thnai CakuazJdhncamis-

Thnazah-

Utmat+utmat

Cazikth-

Jtmahn-

Jdhpah-

Mihnna

`ah

utmat+utmat

2

sdcdmimihnhya- utmat _ihnautza- Zif Gfzkfsa "Japt Uabap) `ah Ktaz( Ca~asah+ca~asah ihimab yahn pdmab kdkjdhptc sdjtab cdzalaah `icdptai fmdb ud~azis Kdmaca apatuth cdzalaah yahn `iudzihpab fmdb @ihaspi Kdmaca( _dmaih ipt- zdhpdpah udzispi~a sdjdmtk 1701 a`amab jdzcaipah `dhnah udzsaihnah ahpaza cdzalaah Aodb- Ufzptnis `ah Lfbfz `amak kdhdnaccah cdctasaah `i _dmap Kdmaca( Ududzahnah ihi mdjib `icdhami sdjanai udzahn pina sdni( Aodb jdztsaba thptc kdhla`i ctasa kazipik yahn tpaka `i _dmap Kdmaca- kahacama Lfbfz utma jdztsaba thptc kdhndkjamicah cdndkimahnah Cdstmpahah Kdmayt Kdmaca( _dmaih ipt- Ufzptnis yahn jdzpauac `i Kdmaca jdztsaba thptc  kdhntctbcah cd`t`tcah kdzdca `amak kfhfufmi udz`anahnah `i zahpat ihi- `isakuihn kdhntzahncah udzsaihnah `aziua`a ctasa Kdmayt yahn maih( Ua`a pabth 7 Lth 171?- _tmpah Aodb iaipt _tmpah Iscah`az Kt`a Kabcfpa Amak pdmab kdktshabcah Japt _a~az `i _thnai Lfbfz `ah kdkja~a _tmpah Amat``ih Ziayap _yab II `ah 9

a`ih`a janih`a "Zala Aj`tmmab) sdzpa jdjdzaua fzahn udkjdsaz- sdjanai pa~ahah cd Aodb( Aodb pdmab kdhacmtc Cd`ab- Udzac- Uabahn `ah jtap sdkdhpaza ~acpt Lfbfz(

15

Ufzptnis utma pdmab

kdhydzahn sdoaza jdzptji+ptji ua`a pabth 1412- 14:5- 14:1( 14:?- 14:0- 14:7- 14?4- 14?7 `ah

>

 Iji`(  Iji`( 9 A( _aka` Abka` "1924)- Cdzalaah Lfbfz+Ziat- Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca- bmk 177( 15  Iji`( 2

?

142>(

11

Cdcdzauah sdzahnah+sdzahnah ihi kdkjtcpicah jaba~a Cdzalaah Lfbfz kakut thptc 

jahncip sdjanai sdjtab ctasa yahn yahn ctap `ah kakut kdhytsth cdkjami cdctapah ahncapah udzahnhya sdzpa sdcami mani kdhla`i udhnahoak cdua`a Ufzptnis `ah Aodb( _dmaih `aziua`a udzispi~a ihi- cipa ltna ~alaz kdmibap cdua`a btjthnah ahpaza Lfbfz `dhnah Jdmah`a( Ua`a ? Kdi 1750- Macsakaha ^iljzah` Wahh ^az~iloc pija `i _thnai Lfbfz `ah pdmab kdkjdzi cdua`a stmpah nth uf~`dz ah` jamm(

1:

Ua`a 1754- bahya `dhnah cthlthnah

cauam+cauam Jdmah`a pdmab kdhydmakapcah Lfbfz `aziua`a `isdzahn fmdb Gtzpa`f `d Kdh`foa " Najdhfz Kdmaca)( Ua`a U a`a |akah udkdzihpabah _tmpah Aj`tmmab Ka‖ayap _bab yahn pdmab jdztpts stzap sdoaza stmip `dhnah Jdmah`a `ah janih`a kdha~azcah pdkuap thptc kdkjiha mfli apat cfpa `i Lfbfz lica `auap kdhnbamat Aodb `azi Lfbfz(

1?

^amatuth uibac Jdmah`a pi`ac kdhnbizatcah

udzkihpaah Lfbfz- hakth jdnipt ua`a pabth 17?>- _tmpah Aj`tm Lamim III- _tmpah Lfbfz pdmab kdkjtap udzlahliah

`dhnah

Jdmah`a bdh`ac kdhfmfhn kdma~ah Ufzptnis `i Kdmaca

`ah

sdjanai jamasah Jdmah`a acah kdkjahpt janih`a kdh`izicah sdjtab cfpa `i Japt _a~az(

10

Btjthnah yahn jaic `dhnah Jdmah`a ihi kdztuacah sapt jfhts cdua`a Lfbfz cdzaha btjthnah jaic `dhnah Jdmah`a acah kdhntzahncah sdjazahn cdpdnahnah `dhnah Ufzptnis `ah Aodb(

?(5

Udzispi~a pabth 1701(

Udzispi~a udhpihn yahn jdzmact ua`a pabth 1701 jdzcisaz pdhpahn cdcamabah Ufzptnis `ipahnah Jdmah`a( Btjthnah ahpaza Jdmah`a `dhnah Lfbfz jdzcaipah `dhnah tsaba thptc  11

 Iji`(- bmk 17:( Z(F( ^ihspd`p- "19?:)- A Bispfzy fg Lfbfzd- Ctama Mtkutz< KJZA_- bmk?1( 1? A( _aka` Abka` "1924)- Cdzalaah Lfbfz+Ziat- bmk 177( 10 Bali Jtyfhn A`im- "19>1)- _dlazab Lfbfz- Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca- bmk 79( 1:

0

kdkdzahni fzahn Ufzptnis ihi jdzmahnsthn ua`a pabth 17?> auajima _tmpah Aj`tm Lamim III- _tmpah Lfbfz

pdmab kdkjtap udzlahliah

`dhnah

Jdmah`a bdh`ac kdhfmfhn kdma~ah Ufzptnis `i

Kdmaca `ah sdjanai jamasah Jdmah`a acah kdkjahpt janih`a kdh`izicah sdjtab cfpa `i Japt _a~az(

14

Dcfzah ipt- ua`a jtmah Lth 1705- Najdhfz Ldhdzam Ahpfhif wah @idkah `i Jdpa~i pdmab

kdhnazabcah cauam+cauam udzahn Jdmah`a thptc kdhnduthn udmajtbah Kdmaca(

17

Ua`a jtmah

jdzictphya- _tmpah Aj`tm Lamim `azi Lfbfz pdmab kdhnbahpaz ahncapah udzahn sdjahyac 05 jtab udzabt udzahn kdkja~a 1455 ascaz+ascaz Kdmayt `ija~ab udzihpab Macsakaha Pth Aj`tm Lakim udzni kdkjahpt kdhnduthn `ah kdkdzahni fzahn+fzahn Ufzptnis `i Kdmaca(

1>

_dpdmab

mdjib ctzahn dhak jtmah kdhnduthn Cfpa Kdmaca `ah `isdzahn fmdb ascaz Jdmah`a yahn `ijahpt fmdb ascaz+ascaz Lfbfz- acbizhya ua`a 10 Lahtazi 1701 Jdmah`a jdzlaya kdhacmtc Kdmaca(

12

Cdzalaah Lfbfz `dhnah jahptah Jdmah`a pdmab jdzlaya kdhd~ascah Ufzptnis `ah ihi pdmab kdhakapcah udzsdhncdpaah yahn jdzmaztpah sdmaka 1?5 pabth( ^amatuth- Kdmaca `iudzihpab fmdb Jdmah`a `ah jtcahhya Lfbfz- hakth jdnipt udhnazahn   Bicayap Bahn Ptab cdpica kdhndhahn cdkjami cd |akah udzpdhnabah ctzth cdptltb jdmas kdzasa jahnna `ah kdzasa ~alaz `dhnah cd`t`tcah Lfbfz `i Amak Kdmayt( saka

`dhnah Jdmah`a

19

@ia kdhnnakjazcah Lfbfz kdkuthyai pazag yahn

`ah saka+saka kdkdzihpab Kdmaca "`iudzihpab fmdb Jdmah`a)(

:5

^amatuth ua`a ktmahya- Lfbfz jdzudzahn `dhnah Ufzptnis a`amab thptc kdhnakjim sdktma Kdmaca- hakth jdnipt auajima uacapah Lfbfz+Jdmah`a jdzlaya kdhd~ascah Ufzptnis- udhpa`jizah

14

 Iji`(  Iji`( 1>  Iji`( 12  Iji`( 19 Mdfhaz` Y( Ah`aya- "19>4)- Pbd Cihn`fk Fg Lfbfz< 1701+1>:2- Ctama Mtkutz< Frgfz` Thiwdzsipy Uzdss- bmk 09( :5  Iji`( 17

4

Kdmaca `isdzabcah cdua`a Jdmah`a( Ihi `isdjajcah Lfbfz pdmab kdhnah`aicah jaba~a lica Kdmaca `ijdzicah cdua`a Jdmah`a `ah Lfbfz `ijdzi cdispikd~aah sdjanai sabajap Jdmah`a- kaca cdkacktzah Lfbfz acah kdhihncap kalt( Fmdb sdjaj ipt- uacapah ahpaza Lfbfz `dhnah Jdmah`a kdhnthpthncah cd`ta+`ta uibac cdzaha sdmduas pabth 170- jaztmab Lfbfz `auap kdzasai hickap cdkdz`dcaah `aziua`a ududzahnah `ah `auap kdhytsth cdkjami cdctapah ufmipic `ah dcfhfki( Mahpas kdhla`i udhdzalt cdua`a cdzalaah+cdzalaah `i Amak Kdmayt( ^amatuth sdmduas ududzahnah pdzsdjtp- _tmpah Aj`tm Lamim III jdzasa sacip bapi cdua`a Macsakaha Pth Aj`tm Lakim `isdjajcah Lfbfz pi`ac kdh`auap aua+aua gad`ab sdpdmab kdhfmfhn Jdmah`a kdhnakjim Kdmaca- acah pdpaui pia`a utma kdmazap cdzaha udzsabajapah `dhnah Jdmah`a jdzpakjab jaic- kamabah janih`a ptztp kdhdzika ba`iab `aziua`a Jdmah`a `ah janih`a pi`ac  udzmt zisat mani `dhnah ahoakah Ufzptnis `ah Aodb(

:1

Udzahn pina sdni ihi pdmab kdmdkabcah

cd`t`tcah Lfbfz cdzaha sdpiau cami jdzmact sdzahnah Aodb kabtuth Ufzptnis- uaspi ijt hdndzi acah jdzuih`ab( Kisamahhya- Aodb pdmab kdktshabcah ijt hdndzi Lfbfz `i Mihnna ua`a pabth 17:?(

::

Auajima uibac Aodb `ah Ufzptnis pi`ac mani kdhnahoak Lfbfz- kaca Lfbfz kakut

kdkjahnthcah sdktma udz`anahnah dhpdzufphya yahn sdzihn cami pdznnahnnt `dhnah ahoakah Aodb `ah Ufztnis( _djdhazhya- ~amatuth Lfbfz cdbimahnah jahyac `aziua`a ctasahya sdjdmtk ihi- hakth Lfbfz kdhyd`azi sdudhtbhya pdhpahn cdkthncihah kasa `duahhya- auapab mani `dhnah cdpia`aah ahoakah `azi Ufzptnis `ah Fzahn Caya Aodb `i ispaha jdnipt sijtc jdztsaba tptc  kdhndcamcah

:1 ::

cdctasaah kdzdca cd apas

kabcfpa Aodb sdh`izi `aziua`a jdztsaba thptc 

Bali Jtyfhn A`im- "19>1)- _dlazab Lfbfz- Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca- bmk >5( A( _aka` Abka` "1924)- Cdzalaah Lfbfz+Ziat- bmk 177(

7

kdkudzmtascah mani sdkua`ah cdctasaah Aodb(

:?

Cda`aah ihi pdmab kd~tlt`cah stapt cda`aah

yahn uaspihya jdzjd|a `aziua`a sdjdmtkhya- cd`atmapah `ah cdctapah Lfbfz sdkacih kdhfhlfm pahua udzjamabah `dhnah Aodb kabtuth Ufzptnis( ^amatuth Jdmah`a jdzctasa `i Kdmacahakth kdhnahnnau Lfbfz sdjanai sabajap cdzaha pdmab kdkjahpt kdhd~ascah Ufzptnis( Lfbfz pdmab kdkudznthacah cd`t`tcah ispikd~a iaipt sdjanai sabajap cdua`a Jdmah`a thptc  kdhntctbcah cdzalaahhya( _dmaih ipt- pabth 1701 ltna kdhah`acah cdkthotmah udhnaztb Macsakaha Pth Aj`tm Lakim( Udhnaztb Macsakaha kdmdjibi udhnaztb fzahn jdsaz+jdsaz yahn maih( @iodzipacah jaba~a ua`a 170:- `ta fzahn udna~ai Jdmah`a iaipt Uidpdz ^immdks| `ah Lah Kdihd sd~acpt jdzcthlthn cd Lfbfz kdhnapacah jaba~a _tmpah akap kdhnasibi Macsakaha(

:0

Cdkthotmah udhnaztb

Macsakaha yahn acah kdhofzaccah udhpa`jizah `ah kdkaot udzcdkjahnah udz`anahnah Lfbfz( _aya akap jdzsdptlt jaba~a pabth 1701 kdztuacah pipic pfmac cdua`a udzcdkjanah sdlazab Lfbfz `isdjajcah sdmauas pabth ihimab Lfbfz kakut kdhofzaccah cdkjami sispdk ufmipic  `ah dcfhfki pahua nahnntah `aziua`a Aodb apat Ufzptnis(

Ihi `isdjajcah pahua bamahnah+

bamahnah ihi cdzalaah Lfbfz ktma `auap jdzgthnsi `dhnah mdjib odcau sdudzpi |akah sdjdmtkhya `ah ktma kdktmibcah udz`anahnah ahpazajahnsa `i udmajtbah+udmajtbahhya(

:?

:4

Mdfhaz` Y( Ah`aya- "19>4)- Pbd Cihn`fk Fg Lfbfz< 1701+1>:2- Ctama Mtkutz< Frgfz` Thiwdzsipy Uzdss- bmk 45( :0 Bali Jtyfhn A`im- "19>1)- _dlazab Lfbfz- Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca- bmk >1( :4 Mdfhaz` Y( Ah`aya- "19>4)- Pbd Cihn`fk Fg Lfbfz< 1701+1>:2- bmk 45(

>

0(5

Udzispi~a Ahpaza Pabth 1701 sdbihnna 1799(

_dpdmab Ufzptnis `icamabcah fmdb Jdmah`a `ah cdzalaah Aodb jdzalacah udzdkutah - ua`a pabth 1701 jazt _tmpah Aj`tm Lamim III `apahn cd pahab jdsaz hdndzi Lfbfz kdh`izicah pdkuap jdzsdkayak `ah utsap udkdzihpabah `i Kacak Patbi`(

:7

Macsakaha Pth Aj`tm Lakim

`ipipabcah stuaya udzni kdkjtca hdndzi `i _thnai Obazahn "Utmat Jdhpah) `ah pdkuap ipt `ihakacah Ziat(

:>

Kdhnictp cdpdzahnah fzahn Jdmah`a iaipt Uidpdz ^immdks| `ah Lah Kdihd

ua`a pabth 170:- ua`a kasa ipt Macsakaha kdztuacah fzahn jdsaz Lfbfz yahn sahnap `icasibi fmdb _tmpah(

:2

Macsakaha kdztuacah uahnmika udzahn yahn udzni kdkjahpt Jdmah`a

kdhd~ascah Ufzptnis `i Kdmaca( Macsakaha pdmab `ijdzicah ctasa fmdb _tmpah thptc  kdkdzihpab `ah sdnama cdutptsah jdzbtjthn `dhnah ~imayab lalabah pdzmdpah ua`a pahnah Macsakaha( _dmduas

cdlaptbah

Ufzptnis-

Cdmtazna

Macsakaha

sdkacih

jdzudhnaztb

`amak

udkdzihpabah Lfbfz( Ihi `isdjajcah udz`anahnah yahn `ilamahcah ua`a kasa ihi jdzsigap hathnah( _dfzahn ud`anahn `aziua`a

sdfzahn ih`iwi`t

asihn apat fzahn Lfbfz sdh`izi udzmt kdh`auapcah yahn jdzctasa

Jfhnst- Pdkdhnnthn- Macsakaha apat Ca`i(

hathnah

`i `amak hdndzi sdudzpi Jdh`abaza- Zala Ih`dza :9

Ua`a pabth 172>- `tpa Jdmah`a cd Ziat udzhab

:7

Bali Jtyfhn A`im- "19>1)- _dlazab Lfbfz- bmk >5(  Iji`(- bmk >1( :2  Iji`( :9 Mdfhaz` Y( Ah`aya- "19>4)- Pbd Cihn`fk Fg Lfbfz< 1701+1>:2- Ctama Mtkutz< Frgfz` Thiwdzsipy Uzdss- bmk 41( :>

2

kdh`d`abcah jaba~a jdz`asazcah udkdzbapiah kdzdca pdhpahn janaikaha udz`anahnah `ilamahcah `ija~ab Macsakaha "Ua`tca Zala)- kdzdca kdhnapacah `amak camahnah ud`anahn+ ud`anahn `isihi- ~acim `anahn Ua`tca Zala " Pth Aj`t Lakim) a`amab yahn uamihn zakai jimahnahhya `ah yahn pdzudhpihn ahpaza kdzdca pdzmijap `dhnah kdhltam `ah kdkjdmi jazahn+ jazahn(

?5

Oaza sispdk hathnah pdmab `ijdzi cfkdh fmdb Jdmah`a y ahn kdhyapacah jaba~a ” ?1

sdpiau fzahn kdmactcah sdstca bapihya sdfmab+ fmab pia`a zala apat cdzalaah‛(

Ihi kdkjtcpicah jaba~a ua`a pabth+pabth sdmduas 1701- udz`anahnah `i udmajtbah Lfbfz cdkajmi zahoac( Uaza ud`anahn ipt pdzpazic cdua`a Lfbfz `isdjajcah fmdb cdkakutah Lfbfz yahn `auap kdhyd`iacah udmtahn `ah uasazah yahn jaic `isakuihn `auap kdhna`acah cdkt`abah+cdkt`abah

yahn `iudzmtcah

thptc kdhlamahcah udz`anahnah `dhnah odcau(

Udz`anahnah `i udmajtbah sdkacih jdzpakjab `dhnah udndhamah sispdk hathnah yahn acah kdhnthpthncah cahpthn Ua`tca Zala( ^amatuth- sispdk udz`anahnah jdzasascah hathnahhakth udz`anahnah pdpau jdzcdkjahn `dhnah udsap dcfzah cdudzibapihah Macsakaha

yahn

sdhpiasa udca cdua`a cdudzmtah ud`anahn( @isakuihn kdhyd`azi pdhpahn ahoakah sdjtab mani udmajtbah iaipt Kdmaca( Najdhfz Pbfkas _miobdz `azi Kdmaca pdmab kdhtmis stzap yahn kdhnapacah jaba~a ud`anahn+ud`anah pdzpazic cd Ziat cdzaha `i sihi ud`anahn pikab `ijayaz `dhnah sdpdhnab `tip " ofhpdhp )

`ah sdpdhnab mani `dhnah mani `dhnah caih3 sd`ahncah `i

Kdmaca kdzdca `ijdzicah aua sabala ldhis caih yahn a`a `ah jtcahhya ldhis caih `dhnah ofzac  yahn pdzjabazt sdudzpi `i Ziat(

?:

?5

 Iji`(  Iji`( ?:  Iji`( ?1

9

Ua`a pabth 170:- Jdmah`a pdmab kdkjtap udzlahliah `dhnah _tmpah Lfbfz iapt sdkta cauam+cauam `azi Lfbfz

yahn bdh`ac jdzmayaz cd pdkuap `i sdjdmab Jazap `aziua`a Kdmaca

bdh`acmab sihnnab `i Kdmaca thptc kdhnakjim uassufzp `aziua`a fzahn Jdmah`a(

??

Auajima

sispdk ihi `ictapctasacah fmdb Jdmah`a `i _dmap Kdmaca- cdjahyacah cauam yahn pi`ac  kdkuthyai uassufzp acah `izakuas sdnama isi caznf( Ltspdzt- thptc kdhndmaccah zakuasah jazahnah fmdb Jdmah`a- uaza ud`anahn kdkuthyai `ta uimiba saka a`a jdzcthlthn cd udmajtbah Kdmaca apatuth Lfbfz( Lica jdzcthlthn cd Kdmaca uaspi acah `icdhacah `dhnah otcai yahn kdmakuat( Fmdb ipt- cdjahyacah ud`anahn acah sihnnab `i udmajtbah Lfbfz thptc kdkfbfh uas( Kdmaca pdmab `iazabcah fmdb Jdpa~i stuaya kdkjdzicah uas+uas cdjdhazah cdua`a Fzahn Caya Lfbfz sdjanai pah`a udhnbfzkapah3 `dkiciahmab cauam+cauam `azi jdzjanai+janai hdndzi `auap jdz`anahn `ica~asah ipt `ija~ab mih`thnah ofu kfbfz udhathn kdzdca `ah `dhnah a`ahya cdjdhazah Jdmah`a(

?0

Kdmamti cad`ab ihi- udz`anahnah Lfbfz `auap jdzcdkjahn

`dhnah udsap- `isakuihn fzahn caya `ah udkikuih `auap basim yahn jahyac kdmamti udkjdziah uas+uas cdjdhazah ihi(

Udzsabajah `dhnah Jdmah`a cbtstshya `amak udkjdziah cdjdhazah

thptc kdhndmtazcah uas+uas cdjdhazah thptc jdzmayaz pahua nahnntah `aziua`a cauam udzfh`a Jdmah`a pdmab jdzlaya kdhihncapcah kazpajap cdzalaah Lfbfz sdpah`ihn `dhnah Jdmah`a cbtstshya `amak ji`ahn udz`anahnah( @tpa+`tpa Jdmah`a yahn `ibahpaz cd Ispaha Lfbfz ua`a jabaniah cd`ta ctzth cdptltb jdmas `ah jabaniah udzpaka ctzth cdmauah jdmas jdnipt pdzpazic `dhnah cdkt`abah+cdkt`abah cdkt`abah+cdkt`a bah

?? ?0

Bali Jtyfhn A`im- "19>1)- _dlazab Lfbfz- bmk >5( Mdfhaz` Y( Ah`aya- "19>4)- Pbd Cihn`fk Fg Lfbfz< 1701+1>:2- bmk 4?(

15

yahn a`a `i udmajtbah Lfbfz(

?4

Cdodcauah Lfbfz kdhndh`amicah jazahn `anahnah

`ah

cdkakutahhya thptc kdkjdcamcah sdktma cauam+cauam `dhnah oduap `ah ktzab a`amab gacpfz tpaka yahn `isdjtp `ah `icantki fmdb Jdmah`a sdjanai stapt pazicah yahn udhpihn cdua`a ud`anahn asihn(

?7

Auajima _tmpah Aj`tm Lamim III kdhnazabcah Macsakaha kdkjtca hdndzi `i

Ziat- kaca cdkacktzah Lfbfz pdzts jdzpakjab kalt cdzaha Ziat sahnap spzapdnic cbtstshya `amak mamtah udz`anahnah `i zahpat ihi( Cdudsapah udz`anahnah `i Ziat pdmab `inakjazcah fmdb Najdhfz Pbfkas _miobdz pdmab kdhtmis stzap cd Jdpa~i ua`a jtmah Kdi 172> yahn kdhnapacah jaba~a jimahnah cauam yahn jdzmayaz cd Ziat " ua`a kasa ipt kdztuacah ijt hdndzi Lfbfz) jdnipt jdsaz sdbihnnacah sthnai ipt stcaz thptc `imamti acijap pdzmamt jahyachya cauam+cauam `anahn(

?>

Ihi kdhla`i jtcpi jaba~a

pabth+pabth sdmduas 1701 kdztuacah dza cdndkimahnah Lfbfz cdzaha cdudsapah udzcdkjahnah udz`anahnah `ah ihi pdmab kdhndkjamicah sdktma kazpajap Lfbfz sdmact ud~azis Cdstmpahah Kdmayt Kdmaca yahn sdkdkahnhya bah`am `amak ji`ahn udz`anahnah sdbihnnacah `icdhami sdjanai udmajtbah dhpzdufp pdzjdsaz `i`thia( Btjthnah ahpaza Jdmah`a `ah Lfbfz ca`ahn+cama kdhikjtmcah sdhncdpa cbtstshya jdzcaipa `dhnah udz`anahnah( Ua`a pabth 1724- auajima sapt mani kisi Jdmah`a `ibahpaz cd ZiatUa`tca Zala pdmab kdkjtap a`tah pdhpahn pih`acah Jdmah`a kdh`izicah nt`ahn `i _iac(

?2

Hakth- udzispi~a ihi ~alaz `iudzbamtsi cdzaha udzjamabah ahpaza Lfbfz `dhnah Jdmah`a jdzbtjthn `dhnah sfam udz`anahnah- pdmab kthotm sapt mani ctasa yahn `fkihah `i Pahab Jdsaz

?4

 Iji` ((- bmk 45(  Iji`( ?>  Iji`(- bmk 41( ?2  Iji`(- bmk 194( ?7

11

Asia Pdhnnaza iaipt _iak( Ua`tca Zala pdmab kdktptscah kdkudzpabahcah

oaza yahn uamihn jaic thptc 

cdudhpihnah Lfbfz a`amab `dhnah kdh`auapcah sfcfhnah `aziua`a zacah

sdctpthya yahn ctap iaipt _iak(

?9

_iak pdmab kdhnbahpaz `tpahya cd Jdpa~i thptc kdkjahpt

kdhydmdsaicah udzjamabah ihi `ah uibac Jdmah`a pdmab kdkihpa udhldmasa `aziua`a Ua`tca Zala( @amak sfam ihi- cdjilacsahah Ua`tca Zala `amak kdkahiutmasi cda`aah `ah kdhla`i ctasa maih sdjanai zacah yahn jfmdb kdkjahpt sdcizahya cdudhpihnah Lfbfz pdzahoak( Cdndkimahnah Lfbfz sdmduas 1701 ~alaz `icaipcah `dhnah cdsdpiah pi`ac jdzjdmab jani Fzahn Matp cdua`a udkdzihpab Lfbfz( Ua`a ctzth cdptltb jdmas- kdzdca pdmab kdhthltccah cdsdpiaah yahn pi`ac a`a pfmfc jah`ihhya cdua`a udkdzihpab yahn yahn kdhntpakacah cdudhpihnah kdzdca `amak cdzalaah Lfbfz( ^amatuth pdz`auap jdzudpi+udpi dkas `ah ~ahn ziam yahn `ikimici fmdb Macsakaha "Ua`tca Zala) Pth Aj`tm Lakim- hakth `ia pi`ac jdzlaya kdh`auap cdsdpiaah Fzahn Matp `aziua`a sdfzahn udkdzihpab yahn kasib cdoim "_tmpah Kabkt` _bab II) ua`a pabth 1722(

05

^amatuth ua`a 1722- Macsakaha jdnipt jdzudhnaztb sdbihnnacah udkjdsaz yahn maih

pdzuacsa pth`tc `i ja~ac udhnaztb Macsakaha( Hakth udhnaztb pdzsdjtp pi`ac kakut kdhahnnahi cdsdpiaah Fzahn Matp cdua`a cdptzthah Jtcip _inthpahn( _bab _tmpah Aj`tmmab Ka‖ayap _bab

udzhab jdzcapa janih`a mdjib sd`ia kdkudzpabahcah

cdzalaahhya jdzmah`ascah cdctapah Fzahn Matp yahn yahn paap sdpia `i Cdutmatah

Ziat+Mihnna

`aziua`a kdhla`i zala jfhdca `ah sikjfm sdkapa+kapa `ah mazi cd btmt sthnai auajima `isdzahn ktstb(

01

Ihi kdhnnakjazcah jaba~a Fzahn Matp kdztuacah sikjfm cdua`a cdctapah cdzalaah

Lfbfz( Pahua Fzahn Matp- uaspi

cdctasaah uaza udkjdsaz `ah udkdzihpab pi`ac `auap

?9

 Iji`( Bali Jtyfhn A`im- "19>1)- _dlazab Lfbfz- Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca- bmk 70( 01 A( _aka` Abka` "1924)- Cdzalaah Lfbfz+Ziat- Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca- bmk 177( 05

1:

`ictapctasacah `amak ~imayab(

Bahya jdjdzua jtmah sabala sdmduas Jdmah`a kdmaufzcah

pdhpahn pdhpahn ‘ cdktshabah sdmtztbhya‖ Lfbfz Maka Maka ua`a pabth 17>? auajima jahyac bazpa jdh`a `izakuas `ah zakai fzahn kdhla`i pa~ahah- sdjtab ahncapah udzahn Lfbfz kthotm `i Ctama 0:

_thnai Lakji `ah kdhnahoak Lakji yahn jazt kdhdkua ‘cdkdhahnah‖ ipt(

Udkdzihpab Lfbfz sahnap kdhnbaznai jacap cbtsts Fzahn Matp ihi `amak kdhnnamaccah uaza ud`anahn kdh`apahni udmajtbah+udmajtbah `i Lfbfz `ah `amak tsaba thptc kdhydcap uaza udsaihn dcfhfki `ah janih`a `dhnah pajab `ah bapi+bapi pdmab kdhnnthacah kdzdca thptc  kdhdhpahn udhoajaz tpaka Lfbfz iaipt Jdmah`a `i _dmap Kdmaca(

0?

Cauam+cauam fzahn Matp

`iudzihpabcah thptc kdzfh`a udzaizah jtcah thptc kdhntapctasacah sispdk kdkjdz cdjdhazah sdudzpi sispdk ca~amah Jdmah`a pdpaui bahya thptc kdhthltccah cdkakutah Lfbfz kdhikuacah btctkah cdua`a kdzdca yahn kdhlamahcah udzhianaah `dhnah udsaihn Lfbfz `ah  ltna kdkjdzi udzmih`thnah ud`anahn yahn sihnnab `i udmajtbah Lfbfz(

00

Pih`acah Fzahn Matp ihi akap jdzcdsah pdztpakahhya cdpica ijt hdndzi Lfbfz pdzmdpac `i Ziat `i Utmat Jdhpah (

04

Ptnas kdzdca saka sabala sdudzpi |akah _ziwilaya `ah Cdzalaah

Kdmayt Kdmaca( Kdzdca acah kdmih`thni apat kdhydzahn cauam+cauam yahn kdmamti _dmap Kdmaca( Fzahn Matp kdztuacah ascaz yahn jfmdb `iudzoayai `ah `ibazau sdcizahya jdzmact ududzahnah cbtstshya sdpdmab Lfbfz `icamabcah fmdb Lakji ua`a pabth 1779(

0:

07

Mdfhaz` Y( Ah`aya- "19>4)- Pbd Cihn`fk Fg Lfbfz< 1701+1>:2- Ctama Mtkutz< Frgfz` Thiwdzsipy Uzdss- bmk 7>( 0?  Iji`( 00  Iji`( 04  Iji`( 07 A( _aka` Abka` "1924)- Cdzalaah Lfbfz+Ziat- Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca- bmk>0(

1?

4(5

Udzispi~a pabth 1799

Pabth 1799 `icapacah sdjanai sapt ptzhihn ufihp  yahn sahnap udhpihn `amak sdlazab Lfbfz( Cdkahncapah _tmpah Kabkt` _bab II ua`a pabth 1799 yahn yahn kdhah`acah jdzacbizhya cdptzthah Kdmaca yahn kdkdzihpab Lfbfz( Bicayap _iac kdhodzipacah jaba~a< Udhnbtmt Ispaha uth `apahn- kdkja~ab acah hahnca- kdkjdzi jihi Kdnap _dzi Zaka0> 

cdzaha ia kdhni`ak bdh`ab kacah hahnca(   Kaca sdpdmab janih`a kdh`dhnaz sdkjab Udhnbtmt Ispaha- kaca janih`a uth pdzpa~ab(

02

Pipab janih`a- ”_tztbmab uahnnim jihi Kdnap 

_dzaka ipt- act bdh`ac kdmibap ahachya- iacab yahn kacah hahnca ipt‛(09 Kaca `ijdmab  udztphya `ah ahac yahn `i`amak udztp ipt kdhnbisau hahnca ipt- kaca jihi Kdnap _dzaka uth kapi(

45

Ltspdzt- sdmduas udzispi~a pdzsdjtp- Kdnap _dzi Zaka pdmab jdzpih`ac kdkjamas `dh`ak `iapas udzjtapah zalahya( Kdnap _dzi Zaka pdmab kdkjthtb _tmpah Kabkt` _yab sdkasa janih`a bdh`ac kdhthaicah sfmap Ltkaap(

41

Cdkahncapah janih`a `icdhami sdjanai kazbtk

kahncap `iltmahn( _dpdmab kahncaphya _tmpah Kabkt` _bab II- utptsmab |tziap cdptzthah `aziua`a _tmpah+stmpah Kdmayt Kdmaca yahn kdkdzihpab hdndzi Lfbfz(

4:

Jdzacbizhya cdptzthah

@ihaspi Kdmaca pdmab kdhah`acah cdkthotmah sapt mani `ihaspi iaipt @ihaspi Jdh`abaza(

0>

Ktbakka` Ytsfg Basbik "udhy)- "199:)-  Bicayap _iac- Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca- bmk 152(  Iji`( 09  Iji`( 45  Iji`( 41 Wiznihia Kapbdsfh- "199:)- Ptbgap Am+Habgis- Ctama Mtkutz< Udhdzjip Galaz Jacpi _`h Jb`- bmk 04( 4: Bali Jtyfhn A`im- "19>1)- _dlazab Lfbfz- Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca- bmk 2>( 02

10

Cdkahncapah janih`a pdmab kdhihnnamcah sdzijt udzsfamah cdzaha cfhfhhya janih`a `icapacah kdkuthyai jihi udzi `aziua`a jahnsa lih `ah pi`ac stca jdzsdcd`t`tcah `dhnah ispdzihya jahnsa kahtsia(

4?

Cda`aah ihi akap stcaz cdzaha janih`a `icapacah pi`ac kdkuthyai

|tziap sab thptc kd~azisi pacbpa cdzalaah( ^amatuth jdnipt- `iodzipacah jaba~a sdjdmtk cdkahncapah _tmpah Kabkt` _bab- janih`a sdkuap jdzudsah cdua`a Dhoic Ufhn stuaya kdhdmah kabhicak janih`a stuaya |tziap cdptzthah Zala Iscah`az \tmcazhaih pi`ac utpts(

40

Cdkahncapah janih`a pdmab kdhydjajcah cdzalaah Lfbfz pi`ac jdzstmpah( Fmdb sdjaj iptUa`a a~am _dupdkjdz 1799- fzahn Jdsaz+Jdsaz Lfbfz pdmab kdmahpic Jdh`abaza Ua`tca Pth Aj`tm Lamim kdhla`i _tpah `dhnah ndmazah _tmpah Aj`tm Lamim Ziayap _bab IW(

44

Cdjiasaahhya

udkdzihpabah `ipdzalti fmdb _tmpah- pdpaui Jdh`abazamab yahn acah kdhlamahcah udkdzihpabah cdzalaah apas haka _tmpah( Bahya ua`a a~am ctzth cdptltb jdmas udhnaztb Macsakaha kdmdjibi Jdh`abaza( _dudzpi yahn pdzoapap `amak Bicayap _iac yahn kdhyapacah jaba~a ”Kaca `iudzihpab acah Jdh`abaza sdudzpi yahn pdmab st`ab‛( st`ab‛( 47 Cdkahncapah _tmpah Kabkt` _bab III pdmab kdhah`acah udzktmaah jazt jani cdzalaah Lfbfz cdzaha ndmazah ud~azis pdmab pdzbauts `dhnah cdkahncapah _tmpah Kabkt` _bab III( _dpdmab ipt ua`a a~am ctzth cdmauah jdmas- cdzalaah Lfbfz `icdltpcah `dhnah cdkthotmah sdfzahn utpdza Kihahncajat yahn kdhnacti `izihya sdjanai utpdza _tmpah Kabkt` _bab III `ah kdhthptp bachya sdjanai ud~azis sab pacbpa cdzalaah Lfbfz(

Cdkthotmah Zala Cdoim pdmab

kdhydjajcah Fzahn Matp jdzuamihn pa`ab `ah kdhyfcfhn Zala cdoim cdzaha udkdzihpab Lfbfz 4?

Wiznihia Kapbdsfh- "199:)- Ptbgap Am+Habgis- bmk 00(  Iji` ( Mibap ltna Ktbakka` Ytsfg Basbik "udhy)- "199:)-  Bicayap _iac- Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca- bmk 11:( 44 Bali Jtyfhn A`im- "19>1)- _dlazab Lfbfz- Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca- bmk 2>( 47 Ktbakka` Ytsfg Basbik "udhy)- "199:)-  Bicayap _iac- Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca- bmk 15>( 40

14

jtcah mani cdptztha jtcip _inthpahn( Auajima Zala cdoim kdhnapacah jaba~a janih`a kdztuacah cdptzthah _tmpah Kabkt` _bab `dhnah Dhoic Ufhn- kaca Zala Cdoim `iahnnau sdjanai ud~azis Zala Iscah`az \tmcazhaih( Cdkahncapah _tmpah Kabkt` _bab III pdmab kdkjdzicah ikumicasi

yahn udmjanai

cdua`a cdzalaah ihi( _djdmtk ihi- cdzalaah ihi `iahnnau sdjanai ud~azis Kdmaca `ah stkjdz cdctapah fzahn Kdmayt( Pdpaui `dhnah cdkahncapah _tmpah Kabkt` _bab III- udhnbfzkapah yahn `ijdzicah sdjdmtk ihi jdzctzahnah( _dmaih ipt- cdkthotmah Zala Cdoim `i Lfbfz acah kdhnbdzdp fut mika jdzsat`aza cd`amak cahoab ufmipic Lfbfz( Udhnmijapah fzahn Jtnis `amak cahoab ufmipic Lfbfz acah kdhofzaccah udzcdkjahnah ufmipic `ah dcfhfki `i zahpat ihi( @isakuihn kdztuacah gacpfz cdjahncipa `ah cdlaptbah cdndkimahnah Cdzalaah Lfbfz(

17

7(5

Cdsikutmah

Cdndkimahnah Lfbfz ua`a dza 1701 sdbihnna 1799 jfmdb `imdpaccah apas jabt sdfzahn pfcfb iaipt Ua`tca Zala Pth Aj`tm Lakim yahn pdzjtcpi nini `amak `amak kdhla`icah cdzalaah Lfbfz sdjtab ctasa cfhfki `ah cdpdhpdzaah yahn `isdnahi `i amak Kdmayt `amak ctzth cdptltb jdmas(

4>

Udzispi~a yahn jdzmact ua`a dza ihi sdudzpi cdlaptbah ctasa Ufzptnis `i Kdmaca- Aodb

yahn sdkacih kdhlatbca `izi `aziua`a sdhncdpa `dhnah Lfbfz- `isakuihn btjthnah jaic ahpaza Lfbfz `dhnah Jdmah`a pdmab kdkjahpt uzfsds udzcdkjahnah Lfbfz sdjanai ctasa yahn pi`ac a`a pah`ihnahhya `i amak Kdmayt( _dbihnnacah- Lfbfz udzhab kdkjdzi akazah cdua`a Jdmah`a stuaya pi`ac kdhoakutzi udzpdmihncabahhya `dhnah Lakji ua`a pabth 1779( _dmaih ipt- udzispi~a cdkahncapah _tmpah Kakt` _bab III ua`a pabth 1799 pdmab kdhihnnamcah cdsah yahn kdh`amak cdua`a cdtptbah cdzalaah Lfbfz( Ihi `isdjajcah sdmduas pabth pdzsdjtp kthotm oakutz pahnah _iac `ah Jtnis `amak ufmipic Lfbfz- `isakuihn jdjdzaua hdndzi yahn kdhnacti cdptahah Lfbfz ktma kdhlatbcah `izi( Pabth 1701 `ah 1799 kdztuacah sapt ptzhihn ufihp  `amak udzcdkjahnah sdlazab Lfbfz(

4>

Mdfhaz` Y( Ah`aya- "19>4)- Pbd Cihn`fk Fg Lfbfz< 1701+1>:2- Ctama Mtkutz< Frgfz` Thiwdzsipy Uzdss- bmk :14(

1>

Jijmifnzagi

A( _aka` Abka` "1924)- Cdzalaah Lfbfz+Ziat - Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca Ah`aya- M(Y- "19>4)- Pbd Cihn`fk Fg Lfbfz< 1701+1>:2-

Ctama Mtkutz< Frgfz`

Thiwdzsipy Uzdss( Ah`aya- J(^ `ah Ah`aya- M(Y- "192?)- _dlazab Kamaysia - Udpamihn Laya< Kaokimmah Utjmisbdzs "K) _`h Jb`( Bali Jtyfhn A`im- "19>1)- _dlazab Lfbfz- Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah UtspacaKapbdsfh- Wiznihia "199:)- Ptbgap Am+Habgis- Ctama Mtkutz< Udhdzjip Galaz Jacpi _`h

Jb`(

Ktbakka` Ytsfg Basbik "udhy)- "199:)-  Bicayap _iac- Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca( _ipi Ba~a "udhy)- "199:)-  Jtspah am+_amapih- Ctama Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca( _t~ahhapbap+Uiah- Cfjcta "199>)-  Asia Pdhnnaza< Btjthnah Pza`isifham _dzahpat Mtkutz< @d~ah Jabasa `ah Utspaca( ^ihspd`p- Z(F( "19?:)- A Bispfzy fg Lfbfzd - Ctama Mtkutz< KJZA_(

12

Ctama