Sejarah Dan Perkembangan Epidemiologi

TUGAS EPIDEMIOLOGI

SEJARAH DAN PERKEMBANGAN EPIDEMIOLOGI

DI SUSUN OLEH: KELOMPOK 9 DESYA MAYA SORAYA

P23133115009

DHEA ROSANA

P23133115011

INANDA PUTIKA SARI

P23133115021

MUHAMMAD ZUFAR IBRAHIM

P23133115029

POLTEKKES KEMENKES JAKARTA II  Jalan Hang Jebat Raya Raya III/F3,Kebayoran III/F3,Kebayoran Baru. Jak-Sel Jak-Sel 2016

Kata Kata !"# !"#$! $!%# %#&' &'&( &(#) #) $#(* $#(*+a +a,a ,a+ + "!-t "!-ta% a%aa ,a'# ,a'# "a$a "a$a a.a' a.a' a/a$ a/a$ ,!!%/#'a+/ ,!!%/#'a+/!'a !'a 102 102 &'!4 !&-a+( $&,t!$&,t!- S"a+&' S"a+&' /!-+a%a /!-+a%a 6#''a'/a 6#''a'/a $a'a% t*'#a++a /!-ta7*, E"#$!%#&'&(8a E"a&'a B*, !t a';< 199; T!ta"# (a(aa+ $a+ "-a,t#, !"#$!%#&'&(# *+t*, %!+!(a4 !"#$!%# "!+a,#t *$a4 $#,!%*,a,a+ &'!4 Ba"a, K!$&,t!-a+) H#""&-at! !,#ta- 2000 ta4*+ a+( 'a%"a* $# Y*+a+#; H#""&-at! H#""&-at! %!+(!%*,a, %!+(!%*,a,a+ a+ /a4.a =a,t&- '#+(,*+(a+ '#+(,*+(a+ %!%"!+(a-* %!%"!+(a-*4# 4# t!-7a$#+a t!-7a$#+a  "!+a,#t; D!+(a+ %!+((*+a,a+ T!&-# T!&-# M#a%a H#""&-at! %!+7!'a,a+ /a4.a  "!+a,#t t!-7a$# ,a-!+a ,!-a*+a+) &'!4 >at ,&t&- a+( /!-aa' $a-# ta+a4< *$a-a< $a+ a#-; Ka-!+a #t* *"aa *+t*, %!+!(a4 !"#$!%# "!+a,#t $#'a,*,a+ $!+(a+ a-a %!+(&&+(,a+ a#- ,&t&-< %!%/*at a'*-a+ a#- '#%/a4< $a+ %!'a,*,a+ *"aa a+#ta a+#ta## ,!/!,!/!-#4 #4a+ a+;; T!&-# !&-# M#a%a M#a%a t!-* t!-* $#(*+a $#(*+a,a+ ,a+ a%"a# a%"a# $#%*'a $#%*'a#+ #+aa !-a !"#$!% !"#$!%#&' #&'&(# &(# %&$!-+ %&$!-+ "a$a "a$a "a-&4 "a-&4 "!-ta% "!-ta%aa a/a$ a/a$ ,!!%/ ,!!%/#'a+ #'a+/!' /!'a a S*!S*!- $a+ S*!-< 199?a;

P!-t!+ P!-t!+(a4 (a4a+ a+ a/a$ a/a$ ,!!%/# ,!!%/#'a+ 'a+ /!'a /!'a t!-7a$# t!-7a$# .a/a4 .a/a4 ,&'!-a ,&'!-a $# L&+$&+ L&+$&+;; S!&-a+( $&,t!- a+!t!# /!-+a%a J&4+ S+&. %!'a,*,a+ !-a+(,a#a+ #+@!t#(a# *+t* *+t*, , %!+( %!+(!t !ta4 a4*# *# "!+ "!+!/ !/a/ a/ .a/a .a/a4 4 t!-! t!-!/* /*tt a+ta a+ta-a -a 19 19 $a+ $a+ 15 15;; Da'a% Da'a% #+@!t# #+@!t#(a (a## #t* S+&. S+&. %!+(a% %!+(a%at# at# /a+a /a+a, , ,!%at#a ,!%at#a+ + t!-7a$# t!-7a$# "a$a "a$a "&"*'a "&"*'a# # a+( a+( %!+((*+a,a+ *%/!- a#- $a-# "&%"a a#- $# B-&a$ St-!!t L&+$&+; A#- t!-!/*t $#*"'a# &'!4 !/*a4 "!-*a4aa+ a#- %#+*% a+( %!+((*+a,a+ a#- $# /a(#a+ S*+(a# T4a%! a+( t!-!%a- '#%/a4; S+&. %!+!%*,a+< a+(,a ,!%at#a+ ,a-!+a ,&'!-a "a$a "&"*'a# a+( %!+((*+a,a+ a#- %#+*% t!-!/*t '!/#4 t#+((# $a-#"a$a  "&"*'a# a+( t#$a, %!+((*+a,a+ %!+((*+a,a+ a#- %#+*% #t*; S+&. %!+#%"*',a+< %!+#%"*',a+< a#- %#+*% t!-!%a t!-!%a-- %!-*"a %!-*"a,a+ ,a+ "!+!/a "!+!/a/ / !"#$!% !"#$!%## ,&'!-a; ,&'!-a; B!-$a B!-$aa-, a-,a+ a+ 4a#' 4a#' #+@!t# #+@!t#(a# (a# S+&.< &t&-#ta $# L&+$&+ %!+*t*" "&%"a a#- B-&a$ St-!!t *+t*, %!%*t*,a+ t-a+% t-a+%##< ##< t#$a, t#$a, 'a%a 'a%a ,!%*$# ,!%*$#a+ a+ !"#$!%# !"#$!%# ,&'!-a ,&'!-a /!-4!+ /!-4!+t#; t#; E-a !"#$!% !"#$!%#&'& #&'&(# (#  "!+a,#t #+=!,# $#%*'a# !7a, #+@!t#(a# S+&. $a+ %a,#+ /!-,!%/a+( !#-#+( $!+( !+(a+ %*+* *+*'+ '+ a #'% #'%* /a-* a-* %#,-& #,-&/# /#& &'&( '&(# "a$ "a$a "a-& a-&4 ,!$ ,!$*a a/a$ a/a$ ,!!%/ ,!!%/#'a #'a+/! +/!'a; 'a; S!,#ta S!,#ta-- at* at* $!,a$! $!,a$! "aa "aa #+@!t# #+@!t#(a (a## S+&. S+&. /a-* /a-* $#,!ta4 $#,!ta4*# *#  /a4.a "at&(!+ "!+!/a/ !"#$!%# ,&'!-a a$a'a4 6#/-#& 6#/-#& 4&'!-a; E"#$!%#&'&(#  "!+a,#t #+=!,# %!+((*+a,a+ T!&-# T!&-# K*%a+ G!-% T4!&-; T!&-# T!&-# K*%a+ %!+7!'a,a+ /a4.a "!+a,#t $#!/a/,a+ &'!4 a(!+ #+=!,# !/a(a# ,a*a t*+((a'; U"aa "!+!(a4a+ "!+a,#t #+=!,# $#'a,*,a+ $!+(a+ a-a %!%*t* t-a+%##< %!'#"*t# "!%/!-#a+ @a,#+< #&'a# $!+(a+ ,a-a+t#+a< #&'a# $# -*%a4a,#t< $a+  "!%/!-#a+ a+t#/#&t#,a S*!- $a+ S*!-< 199?a;

  M*'a%*'a !"#$!%#&'&(# 4a+a %!%"!'a7a-# !"#$!%# "!+a,#t #+=!,#; K#+# K#+# !"#$!% !"#$!%#&' #&'&(# &(# t#$a, t#$a, 4a+a 4a+a %!+$!, %!+$!,-#" -#"#, #,a+ a+ $a+ %!+!'#t %!+!'#t## ,a*a ,a*a "!+a, "!+a,#t #t !"#$!%#, "!+a,#t a+( /!-,*+7*+() !a-a %!+$a$a, $a'a% 7*%'a4 /a+a,  %!'!/#4# "!-,#-aa+ +&-%a' t!ta"# 7*(a "!+a,#t !+$!%#, "!+a,#t a+( t#+((a') $# $a'a $a'a% % "&"* "&"*'a 'a# # !a !a-a -a ,&+ ,&+ta ta+ + $a'a $a'a% % 7*%' 7*%'a4 a4 !$# !$#,# ,#tt ata* ata* !$a !$a+( +(; ;

E"#$!%#&'&(# t#$a, 4a+a %!%"!'a7a-# "!+a,#t #+=!,# t!ta"# 7*(a "!+a,#t +&+ #+=!, #+=!,#; #; M!+7!' M!+7!'a+ a+( ( "!-t "!-t!+ !+(a (a4a 4a+ + a/a$ a/a$ ,!$* ,!$*a" a"*' *'*4 *4<< $!+( $!+(a+ a+ %!+# %!+#+( +(,a ,at+ t+aa ,!%a,%*-a+ $a+ "!-*/a4a+ (aa 4#$*"< t!-7a$# "!+#+(,ata+ #+#$!+# "!+a,#t ,-&+# ,-&+# $# +!(a-a+!(a-a +!(a-a+!(a-a Ba-at; S!7*%'a4 -#!t !"#$!%#&'&(# !"#$!%#&'&(# 'a'* $#'a,*,a+ $#'a,*,a+ *+t*,  %!+!%* %!+!%*,a+ ,a+ ,a*a ,a*a !"#$!% !"#$!%## "!+a, "!+a,#t #t ,-&+# ,-&+#;; E"#$!% E"#$!%#&' #&'&(# &(# "!+a, "!+a,#t #t ,-&+# ,-&+# %!+((*+a,a+ "a-a$#(%a B'a, /&C)< a,+# %!+!'#t# 4*/*+(a+ a+ta-a "a"a-a+ $# t#+(,at #+$#@#$* ,!/#aaa+ %!-&,&,< $#!t $a+ -##,& t!-7a$#+a "!+a,#t ,-&+#< ta+"a "!-'* %!+(!ta4*# @a-#a/!' a+ta-a ata* "at&(!+!# $a'a% %!,a+#%! ,a*a' a+ta-a a+ta-a "a"a-a+ "a"a-a+ $a+ t!-7a$# t!-7a$#+ +aa "!+a,# "!+a,#t; t; U"aa U"aa "!+!( "!+!(a4a a4a+ + "!+a "!+a,#t ,#t ,-&+# ,-&+# $#'a,*,a+ $!+(a+ a-a %!+(&+t-&' =a,t&- -##,&< a#t* %!+(*/a4 "!-#'a,* $a+ (aa 4#$*" %!-&,&,< $#!t< &'a4-a(a< $a+ !/a(a#+aS*!- $a+ S*!-< 199?a; S!7a-a4 "!-,!%/a+(a+ !"#$!%#&'&(# Zaman Yunani Kuno

 a-a &-a+( %!%a+$a+( "!+a,#t< "!+!/a/ t!-7a$#+a "!+a,#t< $a+ *"aa *+t*,  %!+( %!+(!+ !+$a $a'#, '#,a+ a++ +a< a< /#a /#a $#-* $#-*+* +*tt ,! /!'a, /!'a,a+ a+( ( t!'a4 t!'a4 $#%* $#%*'a# 'a# !7a, !7a, >a%a+ >a%a+ ,!$&,t!-a+ Y*+a+# ,*+&< '!/#4 $a-# $*a"*'*!%"at a/a$ a+( 'a%"a*; T!-$a"at  /!/!-a"a t!&-# 4#"&t!# a+( /!-4*/*+(a+ $!+(a+ ,!!4ata+ $a+ "!+a,#t "a$a %a+*#a a+( $#/a4a "a$a /a(#a+ #+#: T!&-# K&%&(!+#, E%"at E'!%!+< T!&-# G!+!-a# S"&+ta+< T!&-# H*%&-< $a+ T!&-# M#a%a;

Empedocles (490–430 SM) ; E%"!$&'! a$a'a4 !&-a+( =#'*= "-aS&-at!< $&,t!-< at-a.a+< $a+ &-at&- Y*+a+#< Y*+a+#< a+( t#+((a' $# A(-#(!+t*%< !/*a4 ,&ta $# S##'#a; E%"!$&'! %!+*+7*,,a+< $#a t!'a4 %!%"-a,t#,,a+ !"#$!%#&'&(# t!-a"a+; Pa$a %aa #t* "!+$*$*, !/*a4 ,&ta $!,at $!+(a+ A(-#(!+t*%< a#t* S!'#+*+ta< t!+(a4 $#'a+$a !"#$!%# "!+a,#t $!+(a+ (!7a'a "a+a !"!-t# %a'a-#a; E%"!$&'! %!+$!t!,#< "!+!/a/+a t!-'!ta, "a$a (!+a+(a+ a#- $a+ -a.a a+( /!-## a#t!-,&+ta%#+a#; E%"!$&'! %!+(ata# %aa'a4 #t* $!+(a+ %!%/*,a ,a+a' t!-*a+ $a+ %!+(&&+(,a+ (!+a+(a+ a#- ,! 'a*t; D!+(a+ %!%/*,a $*a *+(a#  /!a- $a+ %!+(4*/*+(,a++a %!+(4*/*+(,a++a $!+(a+ 'a*t< %!+(!-#+(,a+ -a.a< E%"!$&'! E%"!$&'!  /!-4a#' %!+*-*+,a+ !"#$!%# a+( %!+7a+(,#t# %!+7a+(,#t# "!+$*$*, S!'#+*+ta; E%"!$&'! E%"!$&'!  /!-4a#' %!%/*at S!'#+*+ta !/*a4 ,&ta !4at $!+(a+ #t!% #-#(a# a+( $#/#aa#+a; Ka-a a+#ta# #+# /#a $#"a+$a+( !/a(a# P-&7!, K!!4ata+ Maa-a,at "!-ta%a $# %*,a /*%# Stat4a,&* !t a';< 200;

Aristoteles Aristoteles (384-3 SM)! A-#t&t!'! a$a'a4 !&-a+( =#'*= $a+ #'%*.a+ Y*+a+#<  /!-aa' $a-# Sta(#-a; A-#t&t!'! %!-*"a,a+ =#'*= $a+ #'%*.a+ !-/a/#a; T*'#a++a %!+a,*" a+!,a */7!,; T*'#a+ -!%#+a t!+ta+( a+at&%# %a+*#a t#$a, $#,!t!%*,a+< t!ta"# /a+a, ,a-a+a t!+ta+( /#+ata+( %!+*+7*,,a+ /a4.a $#a t!'a4 %!+((*+a,a+ "!+(a%ata+ 'a+(*+( $a+ "!-/a+$#+(a+ a+at&%# a+ta-  "!#! %!'a'*# $#!,# "!+aata+; A-#t&t!'! %!%/!-#,a+ =&+$a# /a(# %!t&$!

#'%#a4; "umoralisme ; H*%& H*%&-a -a'# '#% %!! ata* ata* H*%& H*%&-# -#% %!! a$a' a$a'a4 a4 t!&t!&-## a+( a+( %!+7!'a,a+ /a4.a t*/*4 %a+*#a $### ata* $#/!+t*, &'!4 !%"at /a4a+ $aa-  a+( $#!/*t 4*%&- a#-a+; K!!%"at 4*%&- #t* a$a'a4 !%"!$* !%"!$* 4#ta%< !%"!$* ,*+#+(< ='!(%a '!+$#-< $a+ $a-a4

"ippocrates (3##-$0 SM) ; H#""&-at! a$a'a4 !&-a+( =#'*= $a+ $&,t!- Y*+a+#  "aaS&-at!< a+( $#,!+a' !/a(a# Ba"a, K!$&,t!-a+ M&$!-+< H#""&-at! %!%/!-#,a+ ,&+t-#/*# /!a- $!+(a+ ,&+!" ,a*a# "!+a,#t a+( $#,!+a' $a'a% !"#$!%#&'&(# $!.aa #+#< /a4.a "!+a,#t t!-7a$# ,a-!+a #+t!-a,# a+ta-a 4&t a(!+t!+@#-&+%!+t "!+7a%*a(!+'#+(,*+(a+; Da'a% /*,*+a a+( O+ A#-< at!- at!- a+$ P'a! P'a! T!+ T!+ta+ ta+( ( U$a-a< U$a-a< A#-< A#-< $a+ T!%"at !%"at‖ a+( a+( $#t!-7! $#t!-7!%a4 %a4,a+ ,a+ F-a+# A$a%< H#"&-at! %!+(ata,a+< "!+a,#t t!-7a$# ,a-!+a ,&+ta, $!+(a+  7a>a$ 4#$*"< $a+ /!-4*/*+(a+ $!+(a+ '#+(,*+(a+ !,t!-+a' %a*"*+ #+t!-+a' !!& !!&-a -a+( +( R& R&,! ,!t< t< 1999 1999 Ba++ Ba++# #  A&a &at#a t#at! t!<< 2001 2001 G-a% G-a%%a %at# t#& & $a+ $a+ D#a%a+t#< 2003 Sa-a#< 2010;

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