SEGUETA AUTOMATIC A Proyecto de Diseño Mecánico I En el presente documento se expone el informe de nuestro proyecto de diseño mecánico I, donde se evidencin los resultdos y esfuer!os puestos en este proyecto por nuestro e"uipo de tr#$o%
Contenido INTRODUCCION%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' ( ' OBJETIVOS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' ) ' OBJETIVO GENERAL%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' ) ' OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' ) ' JUSTIFICACION%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%'' * ' HISTORIA DE LA SIERRA MECANICA %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' + ' MARCO TEORICO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' %%%%%%%%%%%%%%' & ' SEGUETA AUTOMATICA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' & ' USO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%% ' & ' TIPO DE SIERRAS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%' %% ' && ' COMPLEMENTOS%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%% ' && ' Material para el que se usa! %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' && ' A"#ura $e la "u"#illa!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%% ' && ' FUNCIONAMIENTO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%% ' && ' FACTORES A TENER EN CUENTA! %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' &- ' SEGURIDAD%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' &- ' MECANISMO! BIELA MANIVELA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' &- ' CONCEPTOS% CALCULOS & FORMULAS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' &. ' Falla Est'ti"a( %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%'' &. ' C)"etra$)r Es*uer+)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%'' &/ ' Te)r,as $e Falla%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' &/ ' Materiales $-"tiles ."riteri)s $e *lue"ia/ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' &0 ' Materiales *r'0iles ."riteri)s $e *ra"tura/ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' &0 ' Falla p)r Fati0a%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' &0 ' Resiste"ia a la Fati0a %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%'' &( ' Fa"t)res M)$i*i"a el L,1ite $e resiste"ia a la Fati0a %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' &( ' C)"etra$)res $e Es*uer+)s $i'1i")s %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%'' &* '
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' &* ' Cara"teri+a"i2 $e es*uer+)s Flu"tuates %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Criteri)s Falla p)r Fati0a %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' &+ ' Pa$e)%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%'' - ' Ra+2 $e Es3elte+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' - '
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AN4LISIS DE FALLA FALLA POR CARGA CARGA EST4TICA EST4TICA SOBRE EL EJE PRINCIPAL PRINCIPAL DE TRANSMISI5N%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' -* '
Simulci1n de e$e medio%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% medio%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%% ' -+ ' Informci1n de modelo%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% modelo%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%% ' -+ ' 2ropieddes de estudio%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% estudio%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' . ' Uniddes%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Uniddes%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' . ' 2ropieddes de mteril%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% mteril%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' .& ' Cr3s y su$eciones%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% su$eciones%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' .- ' 4e5niciones de conector%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' .. ' Informci1n de contcto%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% contcto%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%% ' .. ' Informci1n de mll%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% mll%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' ./ ' Informci1n de mll ' 4etlles%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' ./ ' 4etlles del sensor%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' .0 ' 6uer!s resultntes%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% resultntes%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' .0 ' 6uer!s de recci1n%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% recci1n%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' .0 ' Momentos de recci1n%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% recci1n%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%'' .0 ' 7esultdos del estudio%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% estudi o%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' .( ' Simulci1n de pndeo de l #iel8 Informci1n de modelo%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' .+ ' 2ropieddes de estudio%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% estudio%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' / ' Uniddes%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Uniddes%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' / ' 2ropieddes de mteril%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% mteril%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' /& ' Cr3s y su$eciones%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% su$eciones%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' /- ' 4e5niciones de conector%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' /- ' Informci1n de contcto%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% contcto%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%% ' /. ' Informci1n de mll%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% mll%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' /. ' Informci1n de mll ' 4etlles%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' /. ' 4etlles del sensor%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' // ' 7esultdos del estudio%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% estudi o%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' // ' Conclusi1n%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Conclusi1n%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%% ' /0 ' COSTOS DEL PRO&ECTO%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%'' /) ' COSTO MANO DE OBRA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ' /) ' COSTOS TOTALES DE PRODUCCI5N%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%' /) '
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Lista de ecuaciones ECUACIO9 &::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: &/ ECUACIO9 -::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: &0 ECUACIO9 .::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: &( ECUACIO9 /::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: &( ECUACIO9 0::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: &( ECUACIO9 (::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: &) ECUACIO9 )::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: &) ECUACIO9 *::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: &) ECUACIO9 +::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: &) ECUACIO9 &::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::%%&) ECUACIO9 &&::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::%%&) ECUACIO9 &-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::%%&* ECUACIO9 &/::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::%%&+ ECUACIO9 &0::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::%%- ECUACIO9 &(::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::%%-& ECUACIO9 &)::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::%%-& ECUACIO9 &*::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::%%-&
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SEGUETA SEGUETA AUTOMATICA AUTOMATICA INTEGRANTES: FONSECA FRANCO SERGIO IBARRA RIPOLL LEYDHER MARTINEZ TOVAR YEIMER MERCADO QUIROZ EDUARDO MOLINO ALVAREZ ALVAREZ ERWIN SALCEDO JARABA MAURICIO M AURICIO SANCHEZ HOYOS JUAN JOSE SINING JIMINEZ CARLOS YENERIS FUENTES ROGER PRESENTADO A: ING. LUIS LISANDRO LOPEZ TABORDA TABORDA
UNIVERSIDAD DEL ATLANTICO FACULTA FACULTAD DD DE E INGENIERI ING ENIERIA A PROGRAMA DE INGENIERIA MECANICA DISEÑO MECANICO I 2/12/21
INTRODUCCION El $ise6) $e 1'quias es ua $e las pri"ipales *u"i)es $e u i0eier) 1e"'i")% para ell) se $e3e teer e "ueta "iert)s requeri1iet)s espe",*i")s para el pr)"es) que ")l ")lle le7a 7a su $ise $ise6) 6)%% el "ual "ual ) es ta ta e7i$e e7i$et te( e( Para Para e1pe e1pe+a +arr #a8 que que res) res)l7 l7er er ite iterr rr)0 )0at ates es ")1) ")1)%% 9:u; 9:u; ")si ")si$e $era ra"i "i) )es es $e3) $e3) tee teerr e "ue "ueta ta para para el $ise6 $ise6)< )< 9:u; 9:u; "2$i "2$i0) 0)ss 8 )r1 )r1as as e=is e=iste te< < 9Cu'l 9Cu'les es s) s) las las *ase *asess 8 el pr)" pr)"es es) ) 0ee 0eeral ral $el $el $ise6)<(((et"( Ua 1'quia es u ")>ut) $e 1e"ais1)s 8 siste1as "apa"es $e $esarr)llar tra3a>) 8 "u3r "u3rir ir ua ua e"e e"esi si$a $a$ $ pr'" pr'"titi"a( "a( A este este ")> ")>u ut) t) $e 1e"a 1e"ai is1 s1)s )s 8 sist siste1 e1as as que que la ")*)r1a se les $e)1ia ele1et)s $e 1'quia .E(M(/( Las 1'quias las p)$e1)s $i7i$ir e!
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M'quias 1)tri"es! Tras*)r1a la eer0,a $e las *uetes aturales e eer0,a 1e"'i"a( E>e1pl)s $e este tip) ser,a ua 1'quia $e 7ap)r% u 1)t)r $e ")13usti2 itera% et"( M'quias )pera$)ras! Re"i3e la eer0,a $e ua 1'quia 1)tri+ 8 la e1plea para e*e"tuar u tra3a>) $eter1ia$)( Ua 1'quia #erra1ieta que re"i3e la eer0,a $e u 1)t)r el;"tri") para reali+ar "ualquier 1e"ai+a$) ser,a u e>e1pl) $e este tip)(
La i0eier,a 1e"'i"a se )"upa $el $ise6) 8 ")stru""i2 $e 1'quias 8 1e"ais1)s% para l) "ual se $e3er' teer e "ueta $i7ersas ")si$era"i)es $e $ise6)! resiste"ia% se0uri$a$% ")tr)l% $es0aste% pes)% a"a3a$) super*i"ial% ")rr)si2% $ura"i2% lu3ri"a"i2% utili$a$% 1atei1iet)% t)lera"ia% ta1a6)% ")ste( E este i*)r1e se 1uestra el pr)"e$i1iet) 8 l)s resulta$)s arr)>a$)s e el $ise6) 8 ela3)ra"i2 $e ua sierra aut)1'ti"a para ")rtar a"er)s $e 3a>) ")tei$) $e "ar3))% ") ua 7el)"i$a$ lieal $e ?@ 11s% ") $i1esi)es relati7a1ete peque6as 8 u pes) 1e)r a 0% que l) ")7ierte e ua #erra1ieta ")1pa"ta 8 *'"il $e trasp)rtar( Nuestra sierra aut)1'ti"a "ueta ") u 1e"ais1) 3iela1ai7ela el "ual esta a")pla$) a uas p)leas ") la rela"i2 a$e"ua$a para tras*)r1ar la 7el)"i$a$ 0eera$a p)r el 1)t)r e la requeri$a para uestra #erra1ieta 8 $e esta *)r1a l)0rar que el pr)"es) sea l) 1's 2pti1) p)si3le( L)s "'l"ul)s $e es*uer+)s a l)s que se s)1ete "a$a ele1et) $e la estru"tura% el p)si3le pa$e)% la *ati0a $e las pie+as e i"lus) el "'l"ul) esti1a$) $e la 7i$a -til se #i"ier) $e *)r1a 1aual 8 se sustetar) e l)s s)*tares CAD pertietes( La estru"tura *ue $ise6a$a e el pr)0ra1a S)li$)rs% est) *a"ilita el "'l"ul) $e la "ati$a$ $e 1aterial e"esari) para el $esarr)ll) $el pr)8e"t)% a$e1's $e si1pli*i"ar la e$i"i2 $e "ualquier 1e$i$a 8a *uese $e l)0itu$% espes)r e i"lus) $el 1aterial a utili+ar( E el presete i*)r1e se $a ")sta"ia $e l)s ")st)s e l)s que *ue e"esari) i"urrir para la ")rre"ta ela3)ra"i2 $el pr)8e"t)% tales ")1) el ")st) $e t)$) el 1aterial 8 $e "a$a u) $e l)s ele1et)s que ")1p)e el esa13le $e uestra 1'quia(
OBJETIVOS
OBJETIVO GENERAL
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C)struir ua sierra 1e"'i"a "apa+ $e l)0rar el ")rte $e u e>e $e a"er) $e 3a>) ")tei$) $e "ar3)) $e $)s pul0a$as $e $i'1etr)% si pasar el ")ste 1'=i1) $e pes)s e su ela3)ra"i2(
OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS •
Sele""i)ar el 1e"ais1) 1's 2pti1) para "u1plir las espe"i*i"a"i)es
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requeri$as p)r el "liete( Apli"ar t)$)s l)s "))"i1iet)s a$quiri$)s e uestr) "urs) $e Dise6) Me"'i") I( Dise6ar uestra sierra e la #erra1ieta CAD S)li$)rs% para *a"ilitar)s la
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")rr)3)ra"i2 $e l)s "'l"ul)s 1auales reali+a$)s( Sele""i2 $el 1e>)r 1aterial 8 ele1et)s p)si3les para uestr) pr)8e"t) 8 sus respe"ti7as $i1esi)es para *a"ilitar l)s "'l"ul)s(
JUSTIFICACION Para este pr)8e"t) $e $ise6) 1e"'i") I% $el pr)0ra1a $e i0eier,a 1e"'i"a $e la *a"ulta$ $e i0eier,a $e la Ui7ersi$a$ $el Atl'ti")% se )s s)li"it2 $ise6ar 8 *a3ri"ar u pr)t)tip) $e se0ueta aut)1'ti"a ") a""i)a1iet) 8a sea el;"tri")% #i$r'uli") ) eu1'ti")% que sea "apa+ $e ")rtar ua pie+a $e a"er) $e 3a>) ")tei$) $e "ar3))% ") el *i $e apli"ar l) apre$i$) e la asi0atura( Nuestra se0ueta aut)1'ti"a% est' ")1puesta p)r u 1e"ais1) 3iela 1ai7ela% u 1)t)r 8 u re$u"t)r% l)s "uales a""i)a el 1e"ais1) 8 $a la *uer+a e"esaria para el
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*u"i)a1iet) ")rre"t) $e uestra 1'quia 8 "u1pla ") l)s requeri1iet)s e l)s que *ue $ise6a$)( T)$)s l)s pr)"e$i1iet)s% a'lisis 8 "'l"ul)s e=puest)s e el si0uiete i*)r1e% s) e7i$e"ia $e l)s "))"i1iet)s )3tei$)s e la 1ateria(
HISTORIA DE LA SIERRA MECANICA E @ u )rt)pe$ista ale1' lla1a$) Berar$ Heie% *a3ri") ua sierra ") "a$ea $eta$a ")tiua% 1)ta$a s)3re 0u,as .") u aspe"t) si1ilar a l)s tala$r)s 1auales ati0u)s/% la "ual se utili+a3a para el ")rte $e #ues)s( A este istru1etal se le $e)1i) Oste21)t)( E @ se *a3ri"2 .pr)3a3le1ete/ la pri1era K1)t)sierra( Esta ")sist,a e ua sierra que 0ira3a alre$e$)r $el tr)") $e 'r3)l a talar% p)r el iteri)r $e ua llata( Este 1e"ais1) se 1)7,a p)r la *uer+a #u1aa ") ua 1ai7ela 8 u)s pi6)es 1ultipli"a$)res( Se patet) e @@ per) su ;=it) *ue li1ita$)( E @ el i7et)r i0les A( Ra1s)1es% apli") la *uer+a $el 7ap)r a u 1e"ais1) 3astate si1ilar a las 3ielas $e 1'quias $e tre% que a su 7e+ 1)7,a ua #)>a $e sierra%
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") 1)7i1iet) $e 7ai7; a$elate 8 atr's( Es la pre"urs)ra $e las $e)1ia$as K$ra0 sas( El 7)lu1e $e la sierra as, ")1) la "al$era .que $e3e ser trasp)rta$a etre l)s ar3)les/% #a"ia su us) ")1pli"a$)% si 3ie si1pli*i"a3a 1u"#) las tareas *)restales( E se *a3ri"a la pri1era ") 1)t)r $e ")13usti2 itera 8 re*ri0era$a p)r a0ua% e USA p)r Be+a 8 He$ri"s% per) ")1) t)$a i)7a"i2 te,a u pr)3le1a la "a$ea se $estesa3a ")state1ete al ) "ir"ular s)3re u s)p)rte( A partir $e estas *e"#as l)s *a3ri"ates $esple0ar) t)$) su i0ei) para #a"erse ") u #ue") e el 1er"a$) sierras el;"tri"as% eu1'ti"as% "ir"ulares 8 $e "a$ea ")1pet,a p)r )3teer la 1'=i1a "ali$a$ e sus pr)$u"t)s( i"a1ete te,a ua pe0a% era 1u8 0ra$es% pesa$as% $i*,"iles $e 1ae>ar% et"( P)r estas ra+)es% etre 8 t)$)s l)s *a3ri"ates $esarr)llar) la 1)t)sierra 1's ) 1e)s e el esta$) e que las "))"e1)s a"tual1ete( P)steri)r1ete% e la $;"a$a $e l)s Q% se i7eta p)r parte $e la e1presa sue"a SANDVIL el lla1a$) a"er) 3i1etal% que ")siste e ua 3a$a estre"#a $e a"er) r'pi$) e $)$e se *)r1a l)s $ietes% alea$a 1e$iate #a+ $e ele"tr)es a u "uerp) *a3ri"a$) e a"er) para 1uelles( Est) $i) lu0ar a las #)>as $e sierra para 1etales ") las "ara"ter,sti"as que se "))"e #)8! ua #)>a 7irtual1ete irr)1pi3le ") ua alta "apa"i$a$ $e ")rte% pues lle0a a ")rtar #asta a"er) i)=i$a3le( La *)r1a $e ")rtar ta13i; #a e7)lu"i)a$)% sie$) las pri1eras las sierras $e 1)7i1iet) alterati7) ) $e 7ai7;% )ri0ial1ete 1)7i$as p)r 1)li)s #i$r'uli")s( M's tar$e se a""i)ar) 1e$iate 1aquias a 7ap)r 8 *ial1ete ") ele"tri"i$a$(
MARCO TEORICO
SEGUETA AUTOMATICA E 1u"#as situa"i)es se requiere ua #erra1ieta que reali"e u a$e"ua$) ")rte $e 1etales% "au"#)% alu1ii) 8 $e 1u"#)s 1ateriales $e us) 0eeral( Es esta la ra+2% p)r la que la se0ueta es ta i1p)rtate e talleres% #)0ares 8 puest)s $e tra3a>)% p)rque reali+a ")rtes $e *)r1a r'pi$a 8 pre"isa( La se0ueta 1e"'i"a es ua $e las 1'quias $e ")rte $e 1a8)r e1ple) e el ")rte $el 1aterial $e se""i)es $i*eretes 8 $e tu3)s ") ua $i1esi2 $e #asta 11 $e $i'1etr)( El ")rte $el 1etal e estas 1'quias se
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reali+a ") ua #)>a $e se0ueta $e p)") 0r)s)r% 0ra"ias a l) "ual ua "ati$a$ ) 1u8 0ra$e $e 1etal se retira e *)r1a $e 7iruta(
USO S) 1'quias #erra1ietas que se utili+a e l)s talleres $e prepara"i2 $e pie+as 3rutas $e las *'3ri"as% ") el )3>eti7) $e preparar l)s se1ipr)$u"t)s para l)s talleres 1e"'i")s $e pr)$u""i2( Estas 1'quias reali+a tra3a>) $e ")rte $e 3arras $e *)r1as 8 per*iles )r1ales( Est' 1u8 $i*u$i$as e l)s talleres 1e"'i")s(
TIPO DE SIERRAS P)r su *uete $e eer0,a #a8 Sierras el;"tri"as% #i$r'uli"as 8 eu1'ti"as( Ta13i; se pue$e "lasi*i"ar $e a"uer$) a la "u"#illa que utili"e para el 1aterial que ")rtar' ")1) 1a$era% ")"ret)% 1etal 8 )tr)s( P)r su tip) $e "u"#illa e=iste! Sierra re"ipr)"ate% Sierra $e 3a$a ) 1)t) sierra% Sierra "ir"ular % Sierra si *i% Sierra a0ular % Sierra $e 3ra+) ra$ial% Sierra 3ra"era 8 Sierra $e 7ai7;( La sierra a $ise6ar es $el tip) 7ai7; ) $e 1)7i1iet) alterati7)(
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COMPLEMENTOS L)s pri"ipales ele1et)s as)"ia$)s s) las "u"#illas $e ")rte( Ha8 7ari)s tip)s e *u"i2 $e!
M!"#$%!& '!$! #& ()# *# )*!+: C) $ietes peque6)s 8 >ut)s% usa$as para el ")rte $e 1ateriales $ur)s% ")1) l)s 1etales( C) $ietes 0ra$es 8 separa$)s% usa$as para ")rtar 1ateriales 3la$)s% ")1) la 1a$era(
A+,-)$! # &! ,),-%&&!: Cu"#illas a"#as! para reali+ar ")rtes re"t)s 8 "ur7)s ") $i'1etr)s $e ")rte 0ra$es Cu"#illas a"#as! para reali+ar ")rtes 1u8 "ur7)s(
FUNCIONAMIENTO Su *u"i)a1iet) es se"ill) 8 ")siste e 1)7erse alterati7a1ete la sierra #a"ia $elate 8 #a"ia atr's 8 a la 7e+ ir $espla+'$)se #a"ia a3a>) 8 ")rta$) la pie+a que pre7ia1ete se #a3,a su>eta$)( Pr'"ti"a1ete% su>eta$a 8 puesta la pie+a e 1ar"#a la 1aquia% su *u"i)a1iet) es aut)1'ti")(
FACTORES A TENER EN CUENTA: Re"uer$a que al ")1prar ua $e estas #erra1ietas se $e3e teer e "ueta *a"t)res ")1) la 0arat,a% la $isp)i3ili$a$ $e repuest)s 8 $e #)>as $e ")rte( Ua #erra1ieta respal$a$a p)r ua 1ar"a presti0i)sa suele ser 1's *ia3le(
SEGURIDAD Las pri"ipales 1e$i$as $e se0uri$a$ que se $e3e usar s) las si0uietes!
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teer 1u"#a pre"au"i2 al usarla 8a que es ua #erra1ieta el;"tri"a 8 tiee ua *uer+a 8 ua 7el)"i$a$ $e ")rte $i*,"il $e ")tr)lar% p)r l) que es 1u8 i1p)rtate a0arrarla ") *uer+a( usar 0a*as pr)te"t)ras para e7itar la etra$a $e serr, e l)s )>)s 8a que e las 1'quias#erra1ieta% el serr, sale $espe$i$) a 0ra 7el)"i$a$( su>etar *ir1e1ete la pie+a que se 7a a ")rtar( ale>ar las 1a)s $e la +)a $e ")rte( prestar 1u"#a ate"i2 a l) que se est' #a"ie$) 8 esperar a que la #)>a se pare ua 7er ")rta$a la ")rriete( 1aipular la 1'quia .li1pie+a% "a13i) $e "u"#illa% et"(/ $es")e"ta$a $e la re$ el;"tri"a para e7itar puestas e 1ar"#a iespera$as(
Nuestr) pr)8e"t) $e $ise6) si0ue las )r1as NTC ( #ttps!tie$a(i")te"()r0pr)$u"t)i1pres)t"#erra1ietas1aualesse0uetas$e #)>apara1etales<7?@3e*
MECANISMO: BIELA MANIVELA El siste1a 3iela 1ai7ela e1plea% 3'si"a1ete% ua 1ai7ela% u s)p)rte 8 ua 3iela "u8a "a3e+a se ")e"ta e el e>e e=";tri") $e la 1ai7ela .e1pu6a$ura/(
A la #)ra $e $ise6ar est)s 1e"ais1)s tee1)s que teer e "ueta que! •
La l)0itu$ $el 3ra+) $e la 1ai7ela $eter1ia el 1)7i1iet) $el pie $e la 3iela ."arrera/% p)r tat)% #e1)s $e $ise6ar la 1ai7ela ") l)0itu$ 1u"#) 1's ")rta que la 3iela(
&&
•
•
•
Para que el siste1a *u"i)e a$e"ua$a1ete se $e3e e1plear 3ielas "u8a l)0itu$ sea% al 1e)s% ? 7e"es el ra$i) $e 0ir) $e la 1ai7ela a la que esta a")pla$a( Cua$) tee1)s que tras*)r1ar 1)7i1iet) 0irat)ri) e alterati7)% el e>e $e la 1ai7ela es el ele1et) 1)tri+ 8 el pie $e la 3iela se ")e"ta al ele1et) resistete .p)te"ia -til/( Est) #a"e que la *uer+a apli"a$a al e>e se re$u+"a e pr)p)r"i2 i7ersa a la l)0itu$ $e la 1ai7ela% p)r l) que "uat) 1a8)r sea la 1ai7ela 1e)r ser' la *uer+a que apare"e e su e1pu6a$ura 8 ")se"uete1ete e el pie $e la 3iela( Las "a3e+as $e las 3ielas $e3e $e estar "etra$as e la e1pu6a$ura s)3re la que 0ira% p)r l) que pue$e ser e"esari) au1etar su a"#ura .")l)"a"i2 $e u "asquill)/(
CONCEPTOS CALCULOS Y FORMULAS F!&&! E*"0"%,!. U) $e l)s pri1er)s aspe"t)s a teer e "ueta para el $ise6) $e uestra sierra 1e"'i"a es la rela"i2 que e=iste etre la resiste"ia 8 la "ar0a est'ti"a ") )3>et) $e t)1ar $e"isi)es respe"t) $el 1aterial% *a3ri"a"i2 8 0e)1etr,a para satis*a"er l)s requeri1iet)s $e *u"i)ali$a$% se0uri$a$% ")*ia3ili$a$% *a"ili$a$ $e us)% 8 ua p)si3le ")1er"ia3ili$a$( KFalla para este i*)r1e 7e$r' a si0i*i"ar que ua parte se #a separa$) e $)s ) 1's pie+as se #a $ist)rsi)a$) per1aete1ete% arruia$) $e esta 1aera su 0e)1etr,a se #a $e0ra$a$) su ")*ia3ili$a$ ) se #a ")1pr)1eti$) su *u"i2% p)r "ualquier ra+2( Cua$) se #a3la $e *alla pue$e re*erirse a "ualquiera ) t)$as estas p)si3ili$a$es( E situa"i)es sesi3les al es*uer+) el $ise6a$)r $e3e separar el es*uer+) 1e$i) 8 la resiste"ia 1e$ia e el put) "r,ti") $e 1aera su*i"iete para l)0rar sus pr)p2sit)s( Ua "ar0a est'ti"a es ua *uer+a esta"i)aria ) u par $e t)rsi2 que se apli"a a u ele1et)( Para ser esta"i)aria% la *uer+a ) el par $e t)rsi2 ) $e3e "a13iar su 1a0itu$% i el put) ) l)s put)s $e apli"a"i2% i su $ire""i2( Ua "ar0a est'ti"a pr)$u"e tesi2 ) ")1presi2 a=ial% ua "ar0a ")rtate% ua "ar0a *le=i)ate% ua "ar0a t)rsi)al ) "ualquier ")13ia"i2 $e ;stas( Para que se ")si$ere est'ti"a% la "ar0a ) pue$e "a13iar $e i0ua 1aera(
&-
C+,#+"$!$ E*)#$3 Se $e3e teer e "ueta que las pie+as *re"uete1ete ) s) $e 0e)1etr,as ")states $e3i$) a que requiere "a13i)s $e se""i2 para e"a>ar $e 1e>)r 1aera ") )tras pie+as% )ri*i"i)s para pasa$)res% et"(% t)$as estas altera"i)es e la 0e)1etr,a $e ua pie+a 7a a a*e"tar $ire"ta1ete la *)r1a e que s) a*e"ta$as p)r l)s es*uer+)s% 1's espe",*i"a1ete l)s ")"etra( La ")"etra"i2 $el es*uer+) es u e*e"t) 1u8 l)"ali+a$)( E al0u)s "as)s pue$e $e3erse i"lus) a ua ralla$ura super*i"ial( Si el 1aterial es $-"til 8 la "ar0a est'ti"a% la "ar0a $e $ise6) pue$e "ausar *lue"ia e el put) "r,ti") s)3re la 1ues"a( Esta *lue"ia pue$e i1pli"ar e$ure"i1iet) p)r $e*)r1a"i2 $el 1aterial 8 u i"re1et) $e la resiste"ia $e *lue"ia e el put) "r,ti") $e la 1ues"a( C)1) las "ar0as s) est'ti"as% esa parte pue$e s)p)rtarlas $e 1aera satis*a"t)ria% si presetar ua *lue"ia 0eeral( E est)s "as)s el $ise6a$)r esta3le"e que el *a"t)r 0e)1;tri") $e la ")"etra"i2 $el es*uer+) .te2ri")/ t es i0ual a la ui$a$( Para 1ateriales $-"tiles s)1eti$)s a "ar0as est'ti"as% se $e3e teer la se0uri$a$ $e que el 1aterial ) es sus"epti3le a la *alla *r'0il e el et)r) $e us)( La $e*ii"i2 usual $el a"t)r 0e)1;tri") .te2ri")/ $e ")"etra"i2 $el es*uer+) $el es*uer+) )r1al t8 el es*uer+) ")rtate ts es
Ecuación 1 (5,6 a) y b) tomada del Shigley 8ª ed.)
T#$4!* # F!&&! El ")1p)rta1iet) $el 1etal estru"tural se "lasi*i"a $e 1aera t,pi"a ")1) $-"til ) *r'0il% auque 3a>) situa"i)es espe"iales% u 1aterial ")si$era$) )r1al1ete ")1) $-"til pue$e *allar $e ua 1aera *r'0il( N)r1al1ete% l)s 1ateriales se "lasi*i"a "21) $-"tiles "ua$) εf ( 8 "ua$) tiee ua resiste"ia a la *lue"ia i$eti*i"a3le que a 1eu$) es la 1is1a e ")1presi2 que e tesi2 . Syt Syc Sy /( L)s 1ateriales *r'0iles% εf W (% ) preseta ua resiste"ia a la *lue"ia i$eti*i"a3le 8 t,pi"a1ete se "lasi*i"a p)r resiste"ias -lti1as a la tesi2 8 la ")1presi2% Sut 8 Suc % respe"ti7a1ete .$)$e Suc e$a ")1) ua "ati$a$ p)siti7a/( Las te)r,as 0eeral1ete a"epta$as s)!
M!"#$%!&#* 5,"%&#* 6,$%"#$%* # &)#+,%!7 Es*uer+) ")rtate 1'=i1) .ECM/ Eer0,a $e $ist)rsi2 .ED/ ) Es*uer+) $e V) Mises M)#r C)ul)13 $-"til .CMD/
&.
M!"#$%!&#* $08%&#* 6,$%"#$%* # $!,")$!7 Es*uer+) )r1al 1'=i1) .ENM/ M)#r C)ul)13 *r'0il .CMF/ M)#r 1)$i*i"a$a .MM/
Para el $esarr)ll) $e l)s "'l"ul)s 1auales la te)r,a utili+a$a *ue la $e V) Mises $e3i$) a que 1ae>a ua rela"i2 equili3ra$a etre la +)a $e *ra"tura 8 la +)a a sal7)% $e esta 1aera se trata $e ) s)3re$i1esi)ar la pie+a per) au as, teer l)s es*uer+)s 1u8 presetes( Ecuación (5!1" tomada del Shigley 8ª ed.)
F!&&! '$ F!"%8! A 1eu$)% se e"uetra que l)s ele1et)s $e 1'quias #a *alla$) 3a>) la a""i2 $e es*uer+)s repeti$)s ) *lu"tuates ) )3state% el a'lisis 1's "ui$a$)s) re7ela que l)s es*uer+)s 1'=i1)s reales estu7ier) p)r $e3a>) $e la resiste"ia -lti1a $el 1aterial 8 ") 1u"#a *re"ue"ia i"lus) p)r $e3a>) $e la resiste"ia a la *lue"ia( La "ara"ter,sti"a 1's )ta3le $e estas *allas ")siste e que l)s es*uer+)s se repitier) u 0ra -1er) $e 7e"es( P)r l) tat)% a la *alla se le lla1a falla por fatiga. De3i$) a esta re$u""i2 $r'sti"a e las "ara"ter,sti"as pr)pias $e l)s 1ateriales al e*retarse a alt)s "i"la>es $e apli"a"i2 $e "ar0as% se #a"e e"esari) #a"er u a'lisis p)r *ati0a ta13i; para uestr) ele7a$)r% puest) que se $ise6ar' para ser utili+a$) p)r e"i1a $e X "i"l)s( E=iste *)r1as 3'si"as $e aali+ar la *ati0a e ele1et)s estru"turales estas s)! Es*uer+)Vi$a% De*)r1a"i2Vi$a 8 el 1;t)$) 1e"'i") $e la *ra"tura liealel'sti"a( Para este "as) e part,"ulas se #a ele0i$) el 1;t)$) $e De*)r1a"i2Vi$a(
Método Esfuerzo-Vida
Ua )r$ea$a $el $ia0ra1a SN se lla1a resistencia a la fatiga Sf % "u8) eu"ia$) sie1pre se $e3e a")1pa6ar p)r su -1er) $e "i"l)s ")rresp)$iete N ( Pr)t) se 7er' que l)s $ia0ra1as S-N se $eter1ia para ua 1uestra $e esa8) ) para u ele1et) 1e"'i") real( Auque el 1aterial $e la 1uestra $e prue3a 8 el $el ele1et) 1e"'i") sea i$;ti")s% #a3r' $i*ere"ias si0i*i"ati7as etre l)s $ia0ra1as $e l)s $)s( E el "as) $e l)s a"er)s% se preseta u "a13i) 3rus") $e $ire""i2 e la 0r'*i"a% 8 1's all' $e este "a13i) ) )"urrir' la *alla% si i1p)rtar qu; ta 0ra$e sea el -1er) $e "i"l)s( La resiste"ia ")rresp)$iete al "a13i) e la 0r'*i"a se lla1a límite de resistencia Se ) l,1ite $e *ati0a(
&/
Para el $ise6) preli1iar 8 $e pr)t)tip)s% as, ")1) para al0u)s a'lisis $e *alla% se requiere u 1;t)$) r'pi$) para esti1ar l)s l,1ites $e resiste"ia( E=iste 0ra$es "ati$a$es $e $at)s e la literatura t;"i"a s)3re l)s resulta$)s $e esa8)s ") 7i0a r)tati7a 8 $e esa8)s a la tesi2 si1ple $e 1uestras t)1a$as $e la 1is1a 3arra(
E"ua"i2
R#*%*"#+,%! ! &! F!"%8! El dominio de fti3 de lto ciclo se extiende desde &;.ciclos pr los ceros <st l vid de resistenci l fti3 l=mite Ne, "ue es proximdmente de &;( ciclos% > experienci < mostrdo "ue los dtos de fti3 de ltos ciclos se recti5cn por medio de un trnsformci1n lo3r=tmic del esfuer!o y los ciclos l fll% > ecuci1n ?('-@ puede usrse pr determinr l resistenci l fti3 con &;. ciclos% Al de5nir l resistenci l fti3 de un pro#et con un nmero espec=5co de ciclos como ? Sf@ N B EεeD-, se escri#e l ecuci1n de l si3uiente mner8
Ecuación # (6.$ tomada de Shigley 8ª Ed.
F!,"$#* M%%,!+ #& L49%"# # $#*%*"#+,%! ! &! F!"%8! El l=mite de resistenci l fti3 es resultdo de muc<s prue#s "ue se reli!n pro#ets estudids #$o estricto cuiddo en el l#ortorio, pero producto de este procedimiento encontrmos "ue ls condiciones ideles ls "ue se reli!n los ensyos no son ls condiciones ls "ue están sometids relmente ls pie!s, por lo tnto se le de#en plicr fctores "ue lo lleven l relidd de tr#$o, estos fctores se plicn en un ecuci1n de l si3uiente mner8
Ecuación " (6.18 tomada del Shigley 8ª Ed.)
4onde &0
kaB fctor de modi5cci1n de l condici1n super5cil, donde y # se encuentrn t#uldos%
E"ua"i2 Q
kb B fctor de modi5cci1n del tmño, "u= se de#e tener en cuent l 3eometr= del mteril, de mner "ue pr pie!s no circulres se necesit un A+0
E"ua"i2 @
A
2r un secci1n rectn3ulr
Ecuci1n +
Ecuci1n & kc B fctor de modi5cci1n de l cr3
Ecuci1n && kdB fctor de modi5cci1n de l tempertur, pr este cso l tempertur m#iente Fd B & keB fctor de con5#ilidd, es uno puesto "ue no se tiene informci1n estd=stic% S’eB l=mite de resistenci l fti3 en vi3 rottori Se B l=mite de resistenci l fti3 en l u#icci1n cr=tic de un prte de má"uin en l 3eometr= y condici1n de uso%
C+,#+"$!$#* # E*)#$3* %+09%,* Se <ce necesrio nli!r el comportmiento de los cm#ios de secci1n #$o ltos niveles de cicl$e, por lo tnto se utili! l ecuci1n% A"u= encontrmos un fctor " de sensi#ilidd de l muesc " "ue se de5ne continuci1n, por lo tnto el concentrdor de esfuer!o dinámico pr l fti3 "uedr= de l si3uiente mner8
Ecuación 1 (6.# tomada del Shigley 8ª Ed.)
&(
Ecuación 1# (6.#1 tomada del Shigley 8ª Ed.)
C!$!,"#$%3!,%+ # #*)#$3* F&),")!+"#*
El esfuer!o constnte, o estático, no es el mismo "ue el esfuer!o medio de
Ecuación 1"(6.#6 tomada del Shi le 8ª Ed.
&)
C$%"#$%* F!&&! '$ F!"%8! A rect de esfuer!o medio es un rect /0H desde el ori3en <st l resistenci l tensi1n de l prte% El di3rm de Goodmn consiste en rects "ue se tr!n <st Se ?o Sf @ rri# y #$o del ori3en% 7esult fácil o#servr "ue l resistenci l uenci tm#in se 3r5c en m#os e$es, por"ue l uenci ser= el criterio de fll si σ máx so#repsr Sy % En l 3rá5c continuci1n encontrmos un e$emplo de los diferentes criterios de fll por fti3, en l o#servmos criterios más optimists pero tm#in más conservdores%
%lust&ación 1. 'omada de Ca. 6 Shigley 8ª Ed.
El criterio de Goodmn es utili!do pr diseñr prtir de l, lo "ue "uiere decir "ue no fllrá por fti3 #$o est 1ptic%
P!+#
&*
El pndeo ocurre repentinmente y sin dvertenci, incluso en los mteriles dctiles y, por ende, es uno de los modos de fll más peli3rosos%
R!3+ # E*;#&"#3 Un column intermedi o un 3rnde fallarán or andeo cundo l cr3 xil plicd exced l3n vlor cr=tico% El esfuer!o de compresi1n puede estr muy por de#$o de l resistenci l uenci del mteril, en el momento del pndeo% El fctor "ue determin si un column es cort o lr3 es su r!1n de es#elte! Sr % Est será considerd como l relci1n de es#elte! rel%
Ecuación 15 (Ecuación .## del
>ue3o de tener l relci1n de es#elte! rel, se de#e tener un te1ric pr poder comprr m#s y decidir el me$or criterio utili!r pr <llr l 2cr% > relci1n de es#elte! te1ric está de5nid por8 >ue3o de tener m#s relciones es necesrio comprrls, y dependiendo l relci1n "ue se myor se tienen dos criterios pr clculr l 2cr "ue es uno de los o#$etivos del nálisis de pndeo pr lue3o <llr fctor de se3uridd y determinr si l pie! fll por pndeo%
Ecuación 16 (Ecuación .#" del o&ton "ª Ed.)
2r l primer opci1n, es decir cundo l relci1n de es#elte! rel es menor "ue l te1ric utili!mos el criterio de Euler "ue se expres de l si3uiente mner8
Ecuación 5* (Ecuación "."+ del ª
&+
2or otro ldo, cundo l relci1n de es#elte! rel result myor "ue te1ric se utili! el criterio de Jo
Ecuación 18 (Ecuación "."# del Shigley 8ª Ed.).
Como se puede o#servr m#s ecuciones se encuentrn en funci1n del fctor ! "ue se conoce como constante de condiciones en e"tremos y tiene uno de los vlores te1ricos K, &, - y /, dependiendo de l mner en l cul se pli"ue l cr3% En l práctic es dif=cil, si no imposi#le, 5$r los extremos de ls columns de tl mner "ue se plicn los fctores ! B - o ! B /% Estos vlores pueden precirse en l si3uiente ilustrci1n8
%lust&ación (tomada de la igu&a ".18 del Shigley 8ª Ed.).
-
-nlisis de mo/imiento del mecanismo Se procedi1 reli!r unos cálculos pr determinr l relci1n inicil pr reducir los &)-072M del motor * L + 72M en l mnivel, de#ido los fctores de normli!ci1n de componentes se o#tuvieron l slid *(%-072M lue3o de esto se procedi1 determinr l velocidd linel o velocidd de corte de l se3uet% 1725∗1 ∗1 2 RPM MANIVELA= =86.25 RPM 10
A continuci1n procedemos mostrr los resultdos de l simulci1n en SolidorNs% CI?
/ " e s B 0 e $ . H r a l u 0 a $ a $ i " ) l e V
CI? A(AA
A(CA
H(AA
RPM MANIVELA=534
%ERROR=
H(CA
deg ∗60 sec 360
R(AA
R(CA Tie1p) .se"/
I(AA
I(CA
?(AA
?(CA
C(AA
=89 RPM
‖86.25−89‖∗100 =3.19 86.25
A continuci1n se nexn en Excel los resultdos de l velocidd de corte o#tenid% 4827OPECTO 4ISEQO & 4E6I9ITIRORE>OCI4A4ES CA>CU>O MA9UA>%xlsx Se3n el re"uerimiento de vrici1n de velocidd del sistem se opt1 por vrirlo medinte l vrici1n del rdio de l mnivel en el sistem, y "ue est fect directmente l velocidd de corte de l se3uet%
-&
0ani/ela &adio 6+mm JHA
/ IA@ " e s B 1 1 . C H $ a $ i " ) l e VERN@
EJAH A(AA
A(CA
H(AA
H(CA
R(AA
R(CA Tie1p) .se"/
I(AA
I(CA
?(AA
?(CA
C(AA
En este cso l velocidd máxim o#tenid te1ricmente medinte l t#l de Excel es de 0+.%&- ?mmDsec@%
--
elocidad /s 'iemo * ( / -
elocidad (004S)
'%/
'%. '%- '%& '-
%&
'/ '( '*
t%E023 (s)
%ERROR=
‖593.12
‖
− 610
593.12
∗ 100 = 2.85
0ani/ela &adio "+mm
-.
%-
%.
%/
IN@
RAA / " e s B 1 1 . I $ a $ i " ) l e V
R
EHNJ
EIN? A(AA
A(IQ
A(QC
H(HR
H(?N
H(@Q Tie1p) .se"/
R(R?
R(JH
R(N@
I(IJ
I(QI
En este cso l velocidd máxim o#tenid te1ricmente medinte l t#l de Excel es de .*-%.( ?mmDsec@%
elocidad /s 'iemo * ( / -
elocidad (004S)
'%/
'%. '%- '%& '-
%&
'/ '( '*
t%E023 (s)
%ERROR=
‖382.36 −398‖
-/
382.36
∗100 =4.09
%-
%.
%/
0ani/ela +mm RAR
HAH / " e s B 1 1 . ? $ a $ i " ) l e V
H
EHAA
ERAH A(AA
A(CA
H(AA
H(CA
R(AA
R(CA Tie1p) .se"/
I(AA
I(CA
?(AA
?(CA
C(AA
En este cso l velocidd máxim o#tenid te1ricmente medinte l t#l de Excel es de .*-%.( ?mmDsec@%
elocidad /s 'iemo * ( / -
elocidad (004S)
'%/
'%. '%- '%& '-
%&
%-
%.
%/
'/ '( '*
t%E023 (s)
%ERROR=
‖187.56 −202‖ 187.56
∗100 =7.7
%S'- E2L3S%3-Se le reli!1 l operci1n de vist explosiond l mecnismo y se o#tiene como resultdo un video el cul se puede o#servr en el si3uiente linN% -0
4827OPECTO 4ISEQO & 4E6I9ITIROse3uet explosi1n%vi
2lanos de talle& y tablas de soldadu&a A continuci1n se vinculn los pdf de los plnos de tller y t#ls de solddur% 2iñ1n pso .0 -% 7293:EC'3 %SE;3 1 E%%'%32lanos de talle!b<15.2 2iñ1n pso .0 /% 7293:EC'3 %SE;3 1 E%%'%32lanos de talle!b<#+.2 Motor 2 &)-072M% 7293:EC'3 %SE;3 1 E%%'%32lanos talle&atlanta<$5+"++5<65*5+"<="*>t?s@tglue/?lo@=*6maA$.2 Vse% 7293:EC'3 %SE;3 1 E%%'%32lanos de talle&base.2 7293:EC'3 %SE;3 1 E%%'%32lanos de talle&'abla soldadu&a base.?ls Viel% 7293:EC'3 %SE;3 1 E%%'%32lanos de talle&Biela.2 Gu=% 7293:EC'3 %SE;3 1 E%%'%32lanos de talle&guia.2 Mnivel% 7293:EC'3 %SE;3 1 E%%'%32lanos de talle&mani/ela.2 Mrco% 7293:EC'3 %SE;3 1 E%%'%32lanos de talle&ma&co.2 7eductor% 7293:EC'3 %SE;3 1 E%%'%32lanos de talle&&educto&.2
-(
de
AN
tiee! Pv =
N .m 3
mm
% lue0) $e la rela"i2!
F c t 0∗w
Se )3tiee la *uer+a $e ")rte $e iter;s% teie$) u $e 11! F c = 400 N
Se e7al-a el pes) $el e>e! Se tiee u "ili$r) ") ua l)0itu$ $e Q 11% ra$i) $e Y pul0 % 1
ρ=7275,67
kg m
3
2
−5 3 4 3 Se #alla el 7)lu1e! V = π r L =π ( 4 ∗25,4 ) ∗217 =2,749∗10 mm =2,749 ∗10 m 2
− A#)ra se )3tiee la 1asa! m= ρV =7275,67 ∗2,749∗10 =0,2 kg 5
& el pes)! W = mg= 0,2∗9,8= 1,96 N Al ser u pes) peque6)% ;ste l) p)$e1)s $espre"iar e la ")tiua"i2 $el a'lisis $e *uer+a! σ x =
400 F N = = 6,6141 2 A π ( 8,775 )2 mm 4
σ y =
F = 50 2 = 0,826 N 2 A π ( 8,775 ) mm 4
-)
Mr σ x = = I
(400∗0,06 )
( )= 12,7 2
4
π ( r )
119.3438
N 2
mm
4
σ y =
Mr = I
( 50∗0,06 )
( )= 12,7 2
π ( r )
4
N
14,9179
2
mm
4
τ =
r = !
(24000 )
( )= 12,7 2
4
π ( r )
59.67
N 2
mm
2
"=
1
√ # 1+ √ r
=0.95 y#"$er =1 y √ #= 0.049
=1 + " ( k t −1 ) d&'dek ( = 3 y k =2.2 ( =2.95 ) = 2,14 σ xR =2.95∗119.3438 =358.0314
√ ( = √
σ e" =
σ e"
2
mm
N
σ yR=2.95∗14.9179 = 44.7537 τ R= 2,14∗59.67 = 131.274
N
2
mm
N 2
mm
( σ x− σ y ) + ( σ x− σ * ) + ( σ y − σ * ) + 6 ( τ ) 2
2
2
2
2 358.0314 − 44.7537 )
2
+ ( 358.0314 )2 + ( 44.7537 )2+ 6 (131.274 )2 2
σ e" = 407,26 MP#
-*
F+=
+ y σ e"
=
551 M,# 407,26 M,#
= 1,35
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Conclusión
√
√
2∗/ ∗ E crtc& = ∗ π 0 = 2∗1.2∗120∗6 10 k +y 551∗10
re#- = 0 k I A
√
Como
√
1 12
0.180
551∗10
6
−
=24.54
0.0254 ∗0.0047625
usremos l f1rmul de J
(
l fuer! critic
(
(( ) ) + y
Pcr = + y −
6
551∗10 2∗π 1 12
∗-
2∗π
))
k
/ ∗ E
∗1
∗ A 0
2
∗0.180
∗1
∗0.0254 3∗0.0047625
0.0254 ∗0.0047625 1.2∗120∗10
9
Pcr = 27720.93271 N
F . + =
∗ π = ¿ (0%&&
∗0.0254 3∗0.0047625
re#- < cr.t.c& k k
(( √
9
Pcr 27720.93271 0 = 69.3 F 400
/-
( 0.0254 ∗0.0047625 )
YError B
80.5 −69.3 80.5
∗100 =13.375
> constnte de condici1n de extremos de tomo del li#ro 4iseño de in3enier= mecánic S
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