Saúde Mental e relgiosidade - no caminho da superação de preconceitos

F LK_I@RF BF _TG@FE@GLRF BG TILX TGALNLFPI EIP TGAIÎ×GP LERGT_GPPFILP BG _FTRIBFTGP BG 9 RTIEPRFTEFP KGERILP G PGWP CIKLALIT C IKLALITGP GP Ngel Kitli Mf 4 

Tgpwkf8 I Piøbg Kgeria ð kwlrf ritblikgerg cfl iwklbi `fkf fdhgrf bg grwbf ef `ikpf bi iøbg% Lrf i`ferg`gw gk cleia bf ì`waf ]SLLL g leë`lf bf ì`waf ]L]% Geywierf ei Ntì`li Ierlni! i afw`wti gti `felbgtibi wki kielcgriîàf bf blslef! ef ì`waf ]S! pft wi sgx! gti rlbi `fkf g}ptgàf bf blidðal`f% G}gkpaf `aél`f àf f tlrwil bf g}ft`lkf! kgblbi `ferti cglrlîf g bgkòelf! tgai`lfeibf `fk rfbf ywg rlemik ianwki kielcgriîàf bg`femg`lbf bi ìpf`i% I cftki bg sgt i bfgeîi kgeria g rtibwxgk ef `wlbibf ptgribf if pftribft bg rtierftef kgeril% Cftik blsgti i cftki bg irgeblkgerf plywlértl`f if afenf bi mlrðtli% Wki kwbieîi lnelcl`irlsi cfl i tgcftki plywlértl`i lel`libi ef øarlkf ì`waf gk blsgtf piëg% Ef Dtila! f kit`f lel`lia cfl i ptfkwaniîàf bi Agl 9?%493! bg 3 bg idtla bg 4??9% Cfl bgclelbi tgbwîàf bg aglrf gk lerlrwlî÷g plywlértl`i  ‐ ef rtibl`lfeil pislam÷g + g wngtlbi iargteirlsi piti f `wlbibf gk Piøbg Kgeria `fkf8 tglergntiîàf ciklalit `fk i`fkpiemikgerf ikdwairftlia! mfplria bli! `ii rgtipèwrl`i! `gertf bg irgeblkgerf pl`ff`lia% I efsi cftki bg sgt g `wlbit ptgsè f tgpglrf pgai iwrfefkli bf pi`lgerg g tglergntiîàf f`lia gesfasgebf i cikëali bg cftki irlsi ef ptf`gf bg rtirikgerf plywlértl`f% @idg ï Rgfafnli cwebikgerit g `tlit wdëblf ï awx bf siaftg `tlràf ef efsf rgkpf bi Piøbg Kgeria piti wpgtit ptg`fe`glrf bg tilx tgalnlfi cftrg lkpi`rf ei tgaiî÷g bi mwkiei pft pitrg bg rfbf f lergntierg bi tgbg bg `ferirf bf bfgerg g gw ciklalitg% Siag lnwiakgerg wk gtslîf bg bli`feli hwerf ï cikëali piti wpgtit i tgaiî÷g icgribi pgaf ptg`fe`glrf! biebf awnit i tgaiî÷g bg ihwbi g tglergntiîàf f`lia! i `fkgîit pgai lergntiîàf ef gpiîf ciklalit `fkf ptfrinfelri bg wi ptðptli mlrðtli _iaistip `misg8 Piøbg Kgeria! Tgcftki _lywlértl`i! Tgaiî÷g Lergtpgfil% Idprti`r8 Rmg Kgeria Mgiarm hwr airga| ~i iwkgb aljg rwblg fdhg`r le rmg clgab fc rmg mgiarm% Rml mippgegb le geb fc rmg `gerwt| ]SLLL ieb dgnleelen fc rmg `gerwt| ]L]% ^mlag le Ie`lger Ntgg`g! rmg kibeg ~i `felbgtgb i bgkfertirlfe fc rmg Blsleg! le rmg `gerwt| ]S! cft ml rlkg! lr ~i mib aljg g}ptglfe fc rmg blidfal`ia feg% @ail` g}ikpag itg rmg tlrwia fc rmg g}ft`lk! kgiwtg iniler `mitk ieb bgsla `feeg`rgb ~lrm iaa ~mf mib fkg wejef~e kielcgrirlfe ir rmir rlkg% Rmg cftk fc gglen rmg kgeria blgig itg rtieairgb le rmg `itg dgge wlridag cft i dgitgt fc kgeria wpgr% Rmg cftk fc p|`mlirtl` gtsl`g ~gtg blccgtger iafen rmg mlrft|% I lnelcl`ier `mieng ~ger rf p|`mlirtl` tgcftk lelrlirgb le rmg air `gerwt| le gsgtia `fwertlg% Le Dtixla! rmg lelrlia aiebkitj ~ger rf ptfkwanirlfe fc rmg Ai~ 9?%493! fc rmg 3rm fc Iptla ! 4??9% Dgb tgbw`rlfe ~i bgclegb le p|`mlirtl` lerlrwrlfe  ‐ le rmg rtiblrlfeia rger + ieb iargteirlsg ~gtg wnngrgb cft rmg `itg le Kgeria Mgiarm aljg8 ciklalit tglergntirlfe ~lrm irrgebie`g ikdwairftlia! mfplria bi|! rmgtipgwrl` mfwg! gtsl`g `gergt pl`ff`lia% Rmg eg~ cftk fc gglen ieb fc rijlen `itg ptgbl`r rmg tgpg`r cft rmg iwrfefk| fc rmg pirlger ieb f`lia tglergntirlfe ~tipplen rmg cikla| fc i`rlsg cftk le rmg ptf`gg fc p|`mlirtl` rtgirkger% Lr wlr rf rmg Rmgfafn| rf wdrierlirg ieb rf `tgirg wdlblg d| rmg alnmr fc rmg @mtlrlie siawg le rmg eg~ rlkg fc rmg Kgeria Mgiarm le ftbgt rmir lkpi`r rf wtpi ptghwbl`g fc rtfen tgalnlfw tffr le rmg tgairlfe fc rmg mwkie feg cft pitr fc iaa rmg lergntier fc rmg egr fc `feri`r fc rmg pirlger ieb ml tgairlsg% Lr `fr gywiaa| i gtsl`g fc bgi`fe| egit rmg ciklalg rf wtpi rmg tgairlfe iccg`rgb d| rmg ptghwbl`g! d| nlslen pai`g rf tgairlfe fc mgap ieb f`lia tglergntirlfe! dgnleelen cft rmg lergntirlfe le rmg ciklalit pi`g aljg ptfrinfelr fc ml mlrft| lrgac Jg|+~ftbp8 Kgeria Mgiarm! _|`mlirtl` Tgcftk! Mwkie Tgairlfe%

9

Piaàf bg _gywli! 4?9?! Ci`wabibg GPR! Pàf Agfpfabf! TP%

4

0

LERTFBWÎÀF

I tgaiîàf bf gt mwkief `fk f kwebf f`warf! `fk i rtie`gebèe`li gkptg cfl bgiclierg wki sgx ywg amg ciarik ptfsi `fe`tgri piapésgl i tgpglrf bi g}lrèe`li g kielcgriîàf ei slbi bf `frlblief% Ei étgi bg plywlirtli! gri blkgeàf bi slbi mwkiei gkptg f`wpfw wk gpiîf lnelcl`irlsf% Bg wk aibf mé rgkpf gk ywg i pirfafnli plywlértl`i gti tgai`lfeibi `fk pfbgtg blslef! bg fwrtf! i lbgerlcl`iîàf gti `fk pfgàf bgkfeëi`i! `fk `irlnf blslef% I mlrðtli kfrti ywg gri rgftli f`laisik fw irì kgkf `fe`fttlik ei kgki k gki ìpf`i g f`lgbibg% _iti i Rgfafnli ì lkpftrierg `femg`gt f mlrðtl`f bf pitiblnki tgleierg gk `ibi ìpf`i! irwialxit+g i tgpglrf bf irwil pitiblnki i clk bg pfbgt ciait  `fk iwrftlbibg  fdtg f iwerf g bliafnit `fk i @lèe`li Mwkiei gk rfteit+g wdgtslgerg% Pfkgerg ilk i tgcag}àf rgfaðnl`i pfbg `fertldwlt bg cftki lnelcl`irlsi piti wki tgaiîàf mwkiei g `tlrà `fk f `ikpf bi Piøbg Kgeria% If kgkf rgkpf gk ywg f pftribft bg rtierftef kgeril rgk bltglrf ï ptfrgîàf gpg`lia  ì if kgkf rgkpf ptfrinfelri bg wi ptðptli mlrðtli% @feblîàf ywg amg ì tfwdibi kwlri sgxg pgaf bggywlaëdtlf ef rtirikgerf ywg amg ì bibf ef gerlbf bg amg fcgtg`gt gpiîf bg bggesfaslkgerf pgfia g f`lia% I Tgcftki _lywlértl`i g i kilft `fertldwlîàf ywg i Rgfafnli pfbgt bit ì fcgtg`gt `tlit gpiîf bg tglergntiîàf f`lia piti iywgag ywg i f`lgbibg g}`awlw pft ì`waf%

9

I _PLYWLIRTLI IF AFENF BFP PÌ@WAFP G PWI TGAIÎÀF @FK I RTIEP@GEBÈE@LI

Bgbg i ierlnwlbibg mé tgairf fdtg pgtrwtdiîàf kgeria  fw lecawèe`li  kialnei  fw geràf fdtg wki pfësga lergtsgeîàf blslei  ei slbi bg ianwki

2 pgfi! `whf `fkpftrikgerf gti blcgtge`libf bf `fkpftrikgerf f`lia ibklësga `fkf eftkia bg bgrgtkleibi f`lgbibg gk bgrgtkleibi ìpf`i% 9%9

@FE@GLRFP YWG _GT_IPPIK WK AFENF _GTËFBF BI MLPRÐTLI

Gertg f pfsf Ltigalri! f `fe`glrf bi afw`wti gti i`fkpiemibf pgaf irtldwrf cøtli! tilsi% ‑Ef bli gnwlerg! wk kiw gpëtlrf bi pitrg bg Bgw iiarfw Piwa! ywg `fkgîfw i bgaltit ef kglf bi `ii% Bisl rienli i alti `fkf ef fwrtf bli g Piwa grisi `fk i aieîi ei kàf‛% -9Pik 9=!99,% Pfemf! sl÷g! sfxg

blslei! ràf `fkwe ef tgairf dëdal`f! gk sltrwbg bf gw blrie`likgerf `ferg}rwia! eàf pfbgk gt lergtptgribf `fk f lertwkgerf blpfeësgl mfhg wki sgx ywg eàf gré if ia`ie`g i ipwtiîàf biywlaf ywg ì ieftkia g bf ywg pfbgtli gt kielcgriîàf bg wki pgfi gpg`lia% @fk i ftnielxiîàf bi f`lgbibg! fw ghi! `fk i wtdielxiîàf! wtng rikdìk wk efsf kfkgerf bi @lèe`li% Geràf i _lywlirtli isieîi g ì lrgkirlxibi gk! `ferwbf! gt bgsle`waibi bi kinli g bf pfbgt kërl`f% _ft grg kfrlsf! f ptlkgltf kìbl`f bi `lslalxiî÷g ptì+`aél`i `fkf f didalòelf! gnëp`lf g mlebw gtik rikdìk i`gtbfrg% F pfgki bg Mfkgtf! g`tlrf 9??? i% @%! ciaik bi fcgei if bgwg `fkf `iwi bf `fkpftrikgerf grtiemf% F _il bi Kgbl`lei! Mlpð`tlri -23? i%@%,! dw`i fwrti g}pal`iî÷g piti i bfgeîi kgeril! ptfsisgakgerg pgai lecawèe`li bi `fttgerg ti`lfeialri bf claðfcf ntgnf% Mlpð`tirg tgcwrfw ywiaywgt tgaiîàf bi pgtrwtdiî÷g kgeril `fk i blslebibg g `ailcl`fw f rtierftef kgeril gk `irgnftli8 kieli! kgaie`fali g bgkèe`li! i pitrlt bf i`fkpiemikgerf klew`lff blétlf bg gw pi`lgerg% F claðfcf ntgnf _airàf -24<+02> i%@, g Itlrðrgag -0=2  ‐ 044 i%@%, `fergkpaitik f rgki gk blsgti bg wi fdti `fkf8 I Tgpødal`i! I Agl! Rlkgw g _gbtf  -_airàf, g F Rtiribf bi Iaki  -Itlrðrgag,% Lkpftrierg `feywlri ei étgi bi Piøbg Kgeria àf tgnlrtibi ef ì`waf gnwlerg% IAG]IEBGT g PGAGPEL@J! g`tgsgk gk wi fdti! bgri`iebf f agnibf bg I`agpëibg -942 i%@%,8

Tg`glrisi diemf! g}gt`ë`lf! kiinge g slemf Z%%%%[ g rikdìk g efridlalxisi pft bit èecig i wk rtirikgerf mwkief g blnef% Ipfgerf `aitf g itghibf! køl`i! diemf g kiinge gtik fcgtg`lbf eàf ð

7 if pi`lgerg `fk bfgeîi cël`i! ki rikdìk kgeril% I`agplibg i`gerwisi rikdìk i lkpfträe`li bg blrlenwlt gertg bfgeîi inwbi g `tòel`i! cixli blrleîàf gertg iaw`leiî÷g g bgaëtlf% Plkpirlxisi `fk f bfgerg kgeril g `felbgtisi g bfgeîi kgeria tgwaribf bg pgtrwtdiîàf gkf`lfeia%0

Ef Lkpìtlf Tfkief! ilebi fwrtf Kìbl`f ptgritik gtslîf bg tgagsäe`li piti i Piøbg Kgeria8 Itgrigw -7?+90? b%@%, `felbgtfw i cig bi kieli g kgaie`fali `fkf g}ptgàf bi kgki bfgeîi% Niagef -909+4?? b%@%, g bgri`fw pgai sialfi `fertldwlî÷g piti i ieirfkli g cllfafnli ef gw `ferg}rf mlrðtl`f! ef `ikpf bi Piøbg Kgeria! lrgkirlxfw bg cftki `felrgerg i lbìli bg Mlpð`tirg! _airàf g Itlrðrgag% @fk i bglergntiîàf bf Lkpìtlf Tfkief! grg isieîf ywig cftik iewaibf! misgebf wk tgrftef if pgeikgerf kërl`f ei ierlnwlbibg ptì+`aél`i%

F `lbibàf bi Ntì`li Ierlni ef ipfngw bg wi `lslalxiîàf ge`fertitik gnwtieîi lergtlft ef `femg`lkgerf g ei tixàf% F tfkief ibfritik i mgtieîi lergag`rwia bi Ntì`li%! ki! piti ignwtit wi pix bg gpëtlrf! `feclisik kil gk lerlrwlî÷g f`lil g ei ftnielxiîàf ti`lfeia bg wki f`lgbibg wrgeribi pft agl lnwialrétli! tgialxiî÷g rg`efaðnl`i g pfbgtlf klalrit% Ywiebf gri lerlrwlî÷g g bglergntitik g f lkpìtlf bg`alefw! f kgbf! ngewëef g ew! gerlbf lnwiakgerg pft tl`f g pfdtg! rftefw+g i ywgràf f`lia bleäkl`i `gertia% F `faipf bf lrgki tfkief bg gnwtieîi ptfbwxlw wk tgrtf`gf ngtia ï `tgeîi ei kinli! klrl`lkf g bgkfefafnli! bi ywia! grg ì`waf ierg! f mfkgk g aldgtriti ntiîi if nèelf ntgnf%2

Ipð f ief 9???  ‐ ef bgkòelf g pfbgtg fdtgeirwtil slgtik ï rfei gk rfbf f äkdlrf% I Lntghi gertfw ef gw plft kfkgerf  ‐ ef cleia bi Lbibg Kìbli g leë`lf bi Lbibg Kfbgtei  ‐ cisftg`lbf pgai bg`ibèe`li f`lia! g`feòkl`i g pfaërl`i% lecawèe`li  kialnei! ï dtw}itli eàf g}lnli If`lit pirfafnli kgeril i blcgtgerg lecawèe`li kialnei! ntiebg gcftîf% F rtirikgerf aðnl`f! geràf! gti f bi `iîi ï dtw}i! i rftrwti ngegtialxibi g lebl`tlkleibi! i`fttgerikgerf%%% rwbf lrf piti ywg f bgkòelf idiebfeig f mfpgbgltf% _gfi i`fkgrlbi pft `tlg pl`ðrl`i gtik rlbi `fkf ptfsi tgia bi kielcgriîàf bgkfeëi`i% 0

IAG]IEBGT! Ctiex: PGAGPEL@J! Pmgabfe% Mlrðtli bi _lywlirtli8 Wki isialiîàf bf _geikgerf  _tlklrlsf bgbg f Rgkpf _tlklrlsf irì f _tggerg% Pàf _iwaf8 LDTIPI! 9<=?! p% >9% 2 IAG]IEBGT: PGAGPEL@J% 9<=?% _% =0

3 Kwbieîi lnelcl`irlsf slgtik `fk rtè lkpftrierg pgeibftg8 _iti`gaf -92<0+9729, tgcwrfw i pfldlalbibg bg pfgàf bgkfeëi`i bi dtw}i g bfgerg kgeril: Hfmiee ^g|gt -9797+97==,! ipð grwbf fdtg pirfafnli kgeril! pwdal`fw gk 9730 wk alstf febg g pfl`lfei bg cftki `tërl`i blierg bi lbìli pwdal`ibi gk Kiaagw Kiagcl`itwk bi Lntghi: Tgnleiab P`fr -970=  ‐ 97<<, cgx wk grwbf fdtg cglrlîitli g `fe`awlw ywg i dtw}i g bfgerg kgeril eàf gtik i`fkgrlbf bg pfbgtg kialnef! ki bg gecgtklbibg kgeril% Bgri cftki! f efsf pitiblnki gkgtngerg pgtklrltik ftnielxit wki efsi cftki bg `wlbibf bf pftribftg bg rtierftef kgeril% Gti ptg`lf `tlit efsi grtwrwti lerlrw`lfeil piti wk `wlbibf kil mwkief% Pwtnltik geràf ilaf! mfplril piti i`famgt f bfgerg% @lgerlri g claðfcf `fkf Bg`itrg -97<3+937?,! Mfddg -97==+93><,! Af`jg -9304+9>?2,! gertg fwrtf! bgtik ntiebg `fertldwlîàf ef ì`waf ]SLL g ]SLLL piti lkpftrierg kwbieîi ei étgi bg Piøbg Kgeria% F pgeikgerf `lgerëcl`f+ ti`lfeia! g}`awlebf gw tibl`ialkf! idtlw lkpftrierg `iklemf piti bgclelrlsikgerg ge`itit ywgr÷g bg Piøbg Kgeria bg cftki fdhgrlsi kgtg`gbfti bg rtirikgerf rgtipèwrl`f% F claðfcf Jier  ‐ gk 9>32  ‐ g`tgsgw fdti Geilf fdtg i Bfgeîi  Kgeril  fd f ipg`rf mlrðtl`f+clafðcl`f ywg kgtg`g `felbgtiîàf% Ìpf`i gk ywg mé wk gcftîf piti `ailcl`it i pirfafnli kgeril g bgclelt wk rtirikgerf ibgywibf% _mlaalppg _lega -9>27+9=43, cfl g ì irì mfhg tgcgtèe`li gk _lywlirtli% Tgsfaw`lfefw i _lywlirtli if lel`lit! ei Ctieîi! rtiecftkiî÷g tibl`il ef rtirikgerf if pftribftg bg rtierftef kgeril% I gag g bgsg rikdìk i `ailcl`iîàf bi pirfafnli bg cftki i`gësga! lrf ì! lkpag g ptérl`i% _lega g bgpitfw `fk wki lerlrwlîàf! f mfplria bg Dl`èrtg! gk _itl! ywg pfbg gt `fkpitibi! `fk tixàf! i wki `ii bf mfttftg% Ial i kilftli bf pi`lgerg gti idiebfeibi ï ptðptli ftrg% _lega! `fk tgri lergeîàf! `fkgîfw i gpitit g `ailcl`it i pirfafnli gk blsgtf rlpf8 bgslf! ialgeiîàf kgeria% Ilk wtnltik f kiel`òklf! mfplril plywlértl`f% Pfkgerg kil ritbg cfl pfësga kgewtit i `fegywèe`li rierf bf tgwaribf bf grwbf bi pirfafnli g wi lkpfträe`li piti f cwrwtf bi plywlirtli! dgk `fkf bf `wlbibf bgwkielxibf ngtibf pgaf icirikgerf rfria bf `fesëslf f`lia bf pftribftg bg rtierftef r tierftef kgeril

> Grg kfslkgerf bg Tgcftki _lywlértl`i! ei ìpf`i! g grgebgw i fwrtf piëg% Siag bgri`it iywl g}pfgerg egrg `ikpf8 Sl`gexf @mlitwnl! _lgrtf _liel -Lréali,! Hfmiee Aiengtkiee -Iagkiemi,! ^laalik Rwjg -Lenairgtti, g Dgehiklk Twm -WPI,% Wki sgx iwklbi i `feblîàf bg pirfafnli ! fdtgrwbf! i pitrlt bf `femg`lkgerf `lgerëcl`f! rikdìk kwbik f pitiblnki bi Piøbg Kgeria% Grg gnwgk f `wtf bf isieîf `lgerëcl`f ei kil blsgti étgi bf `femg`lkgerf mwkief! pfl grg g lergt`feg`rik! g ywgrlfeik g cwebikgerik tg`lptf`ikgerg% Gk ìpf`i pfrgtlft if `lgerlcl`lkf pwtf! lbgerlcl`i+g kilft ptwbèe`li g idgtrwti eg`gétli piti tgslàf g tgibgywiîàf bg pitiblnki tgairlsf i wki blkgeàf ilebi dirierg bg`femg`lbi bi slbi mwkiei% Grg ì wk ptgwpfrf cwebikgeria piti ywg g pfi tgialxit wki Tgcftki _lywlértl`i lnelcl`irlsi! gk tl`f bg `ferlewikgerg tgrtf`gbgt pft ciari bg `felrèe`li bf efsf kfbf bg sgt g cixgt lergtsgeî÷g rgtipèwrl`i ywiebf g rtiri bf `ikpf bi Piøbg Kgeria% @fk f isieîf bi @lèe`li Mwkiei! kwbik i kieglti bg sgt g `wlbit f pftribft bg rtierftef kgeril% @fk Bit~le -9>+9=3=,! Gkla Jtigpgale -9=73+ 9<47,% Ilk cfl `ferlrwëbi! i pitrlt bf Pì`waf ]L]! i plywlirtli ftniel`lri% Pwtnli! ei kgki ìpf`i i _l`fafnli `fkf @lèe`li! `fkf bl`lpalei bgsle`waibi bi Claffcli% Gri! pft wi sgx! iptggerfw alemi bg rtirikgerf g bf grwbf bi grlfafnli bf rtierftef kgeril% Pàf leøkgtf f pl`ðafnf ywg pfbgtlik gt iywl kge`lfeibf! `fk wi tgpg`rlsi alemi bg iîàf! ki eàf gebf cf`f bgrg grwbf! siag tgiarit if kgef Plnkweb Ctgwb -9=73+9<0<,% @fkf kìbl`f g egwtfafnlri bgl}fw lkpftrierg agnibf piti i Egwtfafnli @aëel`i% _il bi _l`ieéalg! gag tgsfaw`lfefw i cftki bg sgt g rtirit gecgtklbibg kgeril% Ef leë`lf bf Pì`waf ]] wtng i fdti ptlki bi _lywlirtli% Rtiri+g bi fdti bg Jita Hipgt! 9<90! _l`fpirfafnli Ngtia! ywg `fertldwlw piti kwbieîi lnelcl`irlsi ef `ikpf bi Piøbg Kgeria% Pwtnltik ei gywèe`li! blsgti cftki bg rtirikgerf8 Gni Kftlx! 9<07! afdfrfkli ctferia! Wnf @gtagrrl g Aw`lf Dlel! 9<0=! gagrtf`mfywg! Hfme @ibg! 9<2
= kieëi`f+bgptglsi% I pitrlt bg 9<7? `fkgîfw i gt lesgrlbf kil ei pgywli bg efsf cétki`f! f ywg pgtklrgk mfhg wk rtirikgerf kgbl`ikgerff kil gcl`ix% @fk f isieîf bi ngeìrl`i g bi dlfywëkl`i bf `ìtgdtf! ialibf if ipgtcglîfikgerf bf kgbl`ikgerf ywg slgtik i gt wrlalxibf `fk gcl`é`li ei tgbwîàf g irì ei tgkfîàf bf lerfki gk bfgeîi kgeril! f pferf bg slri ftnäel`f piti f gergeblkgerf bf blrøtdlf plywlértl`f `fefalbfw+g `fkf `iklemf gnwtlf! gnwlbf pft ntiebg pitrg bf ptfcllfeil bg Piøbg Kgeria% 7

9%4

I PIØBG KGERIA MFHG EF DTIPLA

Ef Dtila! ywgr÷g bg Piøbg Kgeria! rierf i grtwrwti ywierf f kfbf bg `wlbit! pft ciari bg wki tgcag}àf g pfaërl`i ptðptli! gtik lkpftribi bg kfbf pitrl`wait bi Gwtfpi% Eàf g bggesfasgw wk grwbf ptðptlf fdtg i _lywlirtli% Ef gerierf! wki sgx lergntibi egrg efsf `ferg}rf! i _lywlirtli slebi bg fwrtf `ferg}rf iwkli `iti`rgtërl`i ptðptli bi `warwti g kfbf bg gt g sgt f kwebf af`ia% Gkdfti eàf g}lrlg wki pfaërl`i pødal`i g egk grtwrwti ibgywibi! i bgkiebi ei étgi bg Piøbg Kgeria gti lnelcl`irlsi% _fw`f g isgerwtitik i g`tgsgt fdtg grg rgki bgl}iebf wki ntiebg ai`wei fdtg f rgki% Lnwiakgerg `itg`gk tgnlrtf mlrðtl`f `feclésgl egrg `ikpf% Ei ciari bg lerlrwlî÷g ptðptli! ef Dtila! f `wlbibf bf pftribftg bg rtierftef kgeril cftik iwklbf gk blcgtgerg tgnl÷g pgai Ltkiebibg bi Pieri @ii bg Klgtl`ðtbli% Lerlrwlî÷g ywg rèk `fkf klàf bit ilrèe`li if eg`glribf! piwribf ei fdti bg klgtl`ðtbli 3 ! `fe`tgrlxiebf ilk gk `ibi ìpf`i g awnit i ritgci ftlnleia bi ptlkglti Pieri @ii! cwebibi gk 92<=! gk Aldfi! _ftrwnia! `fk rfria ipflf bi Tilemi Agfeft% I eirwtgxi `itlrirlsi bgri lerlrwlî÷g! ef gerierf! eàf gti wcl`lgerg% F Dtila `itg`li bg grtwrwti 7

TLDGLTF! _iwaf Tgeeg Kitîia% Piøbg Kgeria8 Blkgeàf Mlrðtl`i g Blkgeàf bg Irwiîàf% Pàf _iwaf8 G_W! 9<<3% p% 22% 3

I fdti bg klgtl`ðtbli àf i iî÷g `itlrirlsi pgai ywil f`fttgkf f ptð}lkf gk wi eg`glbibg `ftpftil g gpltlrwil% Lertwlt! i`fegamit! `fefait! `fecftrit àf fdti bg klgtl`ðtbli gpltlrwia! `fkf rikdìk pgtbfit g wpftrit `fk pi`lèe`li% I fdti bg klgtl`ðtbli `ftpftia `felrgk!fdtgrwbf! gk bit bg `fkgt i ywgk rgk cfkg! bit bg dgdgt i ywgk rgk gbg! bit kftibli if bgidtlnibf! sgrlt f kiartiplamf! sllrit f bfgerg g ptllfegltf! gpwarit f kftrf% Bgertg gg ngrf bg klgtl`ðtbli! i gkfai bibi if pfdtg ì wk bf ptle`lpil rgrgkwemf bi `itlbibg ctirgtei% G rikdìk wki ptérl`i bg hwrlîi ywg intibi i Bgw -@IRG@LPKF BI LNTGHI @IRÐAL@I! ® 422>,

< iptfptlibi piti irgebgt f pftribftg bg rtierftef kgeril% Kgkf ilk! grg kfbgaf bg irgeblkgerf pgtbwtfw irì ï ptf`aikiîàf bi Tgpødal`i gk 9==

I pitrlt bg 9=
>

PLASI! Ieròelf @itaf _i`mg`f g% I ptfrgîàf if leief ef Pgnwebf Tglef! Tgslri bg _lywlirtli @aëel`i! Zfealeg[ 4??<% Sfa% 03% E%7! p% 443%

9? ei ìpf`i! bisik wpftrg `lgerëcl`f ï gwngeli! i Alni g rftefw g`tisi `fe`glrf gwngelri% F `wlbibf gk _lywlirtli! ei lerlrwlî÷g bi Pieri @ii! pft gtgk lerlrwlî÷g `itlrirlsi bg ikpai idtienèe`li! gtik ngtiakgerg ibklelrtibf pft ntwpf fw pgfi tgai`lfeibi ï Lntghi @irðal`i! lrf ì! @fkwelbibg Tgalnlfi bgagnibi piti gri ptgriîàf bg gtslîf pgai iwrftlbibg g`aglérl`i af`ia! fw ilebi! fwrtf ibklelrtibftg bg `feclieîi bi Lntghi% Ef leë`lf bf ì`waf ]]! ef gerierf! i ngràf tg`il kil g kil fdtg kìbl`f g! bgri cftki! gri lerlrwlî÷g `itlrirlsi iwkgk ntibirlsikgerg wk `itérgt `aëel`f% Ef ief =? wtnlw wk kfslkgerf f`lia ywg ptfpò wki f`lgbibg gk kiel`òklf% Genihitik+g egrg kfslkgerf! rì`el`f! wwétlf! ciklalitg g f`lgbibg gk ngtia% Ef gerierf! eàf `fegnwlw ia`ieîit g}ptgàf f`lia `ipix bg cixgt wpgtit ptg`fe`glrf klageitg ef `ikpf bi Piøbg Kgeria% Kwlrf pif ilebi g citlik eg`gétlf% I ptfkwaniîàf bi @ferlrwlîàf bg 9<== g i ieîàf bi Agl =%?=?&9<&=< ptfpfebf i g}rleîàf ntibirlsi bf kiel`òklf! `fk wdrlrwlîàf bf kgkf pft cftki kil mwkiei bg ilrèe`li% Eàf cfl grg f ptfhgrf bg agl iptfsibf ywg nitierlw i Tgcftki _lywlértl`i! pfl gnwltik grwbf pfrgtlftg! `fk iptfsiîàf bgclelrlsi bg wk wdrlrwrlsf! 94 ief kil ritbg% Gkdfti ilebi eàf mfwsgg wki pfaërl`i ikpai bg ilrèe`li! i pftritli e¸ 442! bg 4< bg hiegltf bg 9<<4! bf Klelrìtlf bi Piøbg gridgag`g i bltgrtlxg piti f irgeblkgerf! bgclelebf sétlf gtslîf iargteirlsf8 Irgeblkgerf Ikdwairftlia! @gertf & Eø`agf bg Irgeîàf _l`ff`lia -@I_P&EI_P,! Mfplria+Bli -MB,! Pgtslîf bg Wtnèe`li _lywlértl`i g aglrf gk mfplria ngtia% I _ftritli e¸ 9?3! bg 99 bg cgsgtgltf bg 4???! `tli g bgcleg i Tglbèe`li Rgtipèwrl`i piti pi`lgerg bg afeni pgtkieèe`li gk mfplril plywlértl`f! rfriakgerg bgsle`waibf bg wi cikëali fw ikdlgerg wdrlrwrf bgri%

99 I Agl 9?%493! bg 3 bg idtla bg 4??9! ì fwrtf lkpftrierg pif twkf ï ilrèe`li mwkielxibi ef `ikpf bi Piøbg Kgeria% Gri agl rgk `fkf fdhgrf i tgbwîàf bg aglrf gk mfplril plywlértl`f! wdrlrwlebf+f pft wki tgbg `fkwelrétli bg irgeîàf pl`ff`lia% Hé gk 4??0! i Agl 9?%>?=! `tli f ptfntiki Bg  sfari piti `ii  g gridgag`g nitierli bg ipflf piti i tglergntiîàf f`lia bf pi`lgerg ipð afenf pgtëfbf bg lergteiîàf% I _ftritli E%¿ 74! bg 4? bg hiegltf bg 4??2! `tli f _tfntiki Iewia bg Tggrtwrwtiîàf bi Ilrèe`li Mfplriait  ef PWP! f ywg `ferlrwl wk ptf`gf bg tgbwîàf ntibirlsi bf aglrf mfplriaitg% I Tgcftki _lywlértl`i ì wk ptf`gf pfaërl`f+f`lia `fkpag}f% Lkpftrit kgbl`ikgerf g ptf`gblkgerf rgtipèwrl`f! `fk `gtrgxi! ì kwlrf kil lkpag bf ywg lkpaierit wk ikpaf ptf`gf bg tglergntiîàf f`lia bg wki `irgnftli irì geràf gti kitnleialxibi% I mlrðtli bi _lywlirtli bg rfbf f rgkpf gré pgtkgibi bg tgnlrtf bg g}`awàf f`lia g bl`tlkleiîàf% Ywia f lnelcl`ibf kilft bi Tgcftki _lywlértl`i6 Tgwklbikgerg pfbg g blxgt8 F tgnirg bi `lbibieli irtisì bf tgpglrf pgaf bltglrf g tglergntiîàf f`lia bf pftribft bg rtierftef kgeril% F ywg pitg`g lkpag! ef gerierf! ì i blkgeàf kil `fkpagri g gerlbf øarlkf bg rfbf f ptf`gf bi Tgcftki _lywlértl`i% I efsi claffcli bf rtirikgerf! ngtibfti bi Tgcftki _lywlértl`i! iaitni f `wlbibf irtisì bf irgeblkgerf pft wki gywlpg kwarlbl`lpaleit g le`awl rikdìk i cikëali ei gbw`iîàf piti i Piøbg% Geywierf ierg g `fe`gertisi i irgeîàf ei pfldlalbibg bg `wti! mfhg g legtg g gbw`i i cikëali bg cftki ywg g `ipi`lrg piti albit `fk f bfgerg8 Ywiebf i febi bg tgialkf cleiakgerg irlenlw i `fkwelbibg plywlértl`i ikgtl`iei! sétlf plywlirti g pfl`lfeitik ei sienwitbi bi efsi claffcli bg rtirikgerf% _ft g}gkpaf! ^laalik K`Citaieg tg`femg`li ywg kwlrf pfbgtli gt cglrf piti kgamftit i slbi bg pi`lgerg gywlxfctèel`f g! gk sgx bg g rgerit ‑`wtit‛ i `feblîàf wdhi`gerg! f kgkdtf bi

cikëali cfgk gbw`ibf fdtg i eirwtgxi bi bfgeîi bf gw pitgerg: wi `tfel`lbibg! i swaegtidlalbibg bf pi`lgerg i `gewti g `tërl`i -`fkf g f pitgerg gywlxfctèel`f bggkptgnibf cfg lkpagkgerg ‑klkibf‛ fw ‑ptgnwlîff‛! f leil ptgkfelrðtlf bg `tlg lklegerg -i clk bg ywg i

tg`iëbi pwbgg gt ptgsgelbi, g i eg`glbibg bg citki`frgtipli i afenf ptixf%=

=

PRFEG! Kl`miga% I @wti bi Kgerg8 I mlrðtli bi _lywlirtli bi Ierlnwlbibg irì f _tggerg% Rtibwîàf bg Kitli @tlrlei Kfergltf% _ftrf Iagntg8 Itrkgb! 9<<
94

Ì gge`lia ywg g `ipi`lrg i cikëali piti i`fkpiemit g bit wpftrg ï rgtipli kgbl`ikgerfi g cftki `fkpagkgeritg% Rwbf `fkgîi pgai lkpfträe`li bg `fkptggebgt i pirfafnli plywlértl`i% _iti ywg lrf i`fergîi ì eg`gétlf e g`gétlf wk ptfntiki pgtkiegerg bg gbw`iîàf gk Piøbg Kgeria% Mfhg grg gpiîf cixgk pitrg bf ywibtf bg irlslbibg bi lerlrwlî÷g & `aëel`i plywlértl`i%

4

GAGKGERFP BI TGAIÎÀF GERTG PIØBG KGERIA G CÌ & TGALNLÀF

F bléafnf gertg cì g kgbl`lei g rgk i`gerwibf ei øarlki bì`ibi% Bg wk aibf lrf g bgsg if cirf bg wk tg`femg`lkgerf bf bltglrf bf pi`lgerg! ignwtibf pgai Agl Kinei bf Gribf g bg fwrtf pft wk efsf pitiblnki ei étgi bi Piøbg! f bf irgeblkgerf lergntia bf gt mwkief! ywg le`awl wi blkgeàf gpltlrwia% 4%9

BGWP EF @FTIÎÀF BIP _GPPFIP

@fkf Bgw ì Rtie`gebèe`li! ð f `fkptggebgkf `fk lkinge ywg bgag Bgw piti l% Bgw! pftrierf! g `feclnwti bg i`ftbf `fk i efi g}pgtlèe`li pgfia g `fkwelrétli! efi pfldlalbibg g alklriî÷g% Ì cé`la! pft lf! ge`fertit pgfi ywg rgk lkingk pflrlsi bg Bgw  ‐ Bgw bg ikft g klgtl`ðtbli ‐ g fwrti `fk lkinge egnirlsi  ‐ f Bgw `twga ywg `irlni% Wki lkingk g}rtgkikgerg egnirlsi! pit`lia! idfawrlxibi bgrgtklei i tgaiî÷g `fk f Rtie`gebgerg! ki rikdìk `fk f gkgamierg% F Bgw  hwanibft & pwelbft  agsi pft sgxg pgfi i ywgrlfeit f `fkpftrikgerf bg wki pgfi ywiebf eàf gré ef pibtàf eftkia! fdtg wki pfësga `wapi bgri! `ipix irtilt f kia piti rfbi i cikëali% Pwi iwèe`li fw blrie`likgerf! pfbgtli! gk rgg! ikgelxit f kia piti fwrtgk% Mé egrg `if kwlri sgxg wki ptgf`wpiîàf g`twpwafi piti `wkptlt eftki g tgnti tgalnlfi g f eàf `wkptlkgerf pft pitrg bi pgfi icgribi ì rlbf `fkf wki cferg bg

90 bgntiîi pft pitrg bi cikëali g pgfi bf gerftef% I lbìli ì gt hwrf g lttgptggeësga -`c% Ca 0!3, pgtierg i Agl% F Bgw bi kftrg  ipitg`g gk pgfi ywg! pgai wi pirfafnli! g gergk eàf bgghibf% _gt`gdgk+g wk pgf gk gerlbf piti f ywg amg àf ptð}lkf% I cikëali! pft wi sgx! g}ptgi kwlri sgxg gw bgnfrf pgai lrwiîàf ngtibi pgaf kgkdtf icgribf% Pfemi! ei wi ptggeîi! `fk lrwiî÷g kil intibésgl g  tgialxibfti% Egrg `if! lbgerlcl`i+g kwlri sgxg f lfaikgerf bf pi`lgerg rierf pft l ptðptlf! `fkf pgai cikëali% F Bgw agnialri  kfrlsi i pitrl`lpit islbikgerg bg bgsfî÷g g tgxi `fkf cftki bg ierlcl`iîàf% @fkf i `feblî÷g bi slbi egk gkptg pgtklrgk geràf ngti+g wk `fecalrf ciklalit! bg wk aibf pfbg i cikëali kfrlsit g g}lnlt gkptg kil bgsf`lfeil! bg fwrtf bgkfsgt f pi`lgerg bg wi bgsfî÷g pft i`mé+af g}ingtibf% F Bgw bi gcl`lèe`li  ì fwrti lkingk ywg! gpg`liakgerg gk `feblî÷g bg lrwiîàf+alklrg! gerti gk `mfywg `fk siaftg mwkielrétlf lkpftrierg% Pg i pgfi eàf rgk `fkf ptfbwxlt ianf tgagsierg piti i cikëali g i f`lgbibg! ywg gerlbf rgk i slbi6 F ikft bg Bgw bgsg gt `feywlribf `fk kìtlrf ibywltlbf pgai gcl`lèe`li% Gri lkingk tfwdi ywiaywgt cftki bg gerlbf bg slbi% Ywg lkingk6 Ywg tgaiîàf `fk f Rtie`gebgerg bgsgk gt bggesfaslbf piti ywg i g}pgtlèe`li bg Bgw ghi `fertwrlsi gk rfbi i `feblî÷g bg slbi6 Ywg lkinge ptg`lik gt `fertwëbi gpg`liakgerg gk `feblî÷g bg lrwiîàf+ alklrg6 Ywg tgpfri g pfbg bit i pitrlt bi cì `tlrà6 4%4

WK BGWP BG IKFT G RGTEWTI

$Gw slk piti ywg rfbf rgemik slbi! g i rgemik gk idwebäe`li$ -Hf 9?%9?,% @fk gri piaisti! Hgw ciai bf gw _aief bg Piasiîàf g Aldgtriîàf grgeblbf i rfbi i pgfi! bg`felbgtiebf ywiaywgt `febl`lfeierg% Slbi pagei ì pfësga gk rfbi i `lt`weräe`li! pfl eàf g ciai ial bg ptfbwîàf! ki lk! lkpagkgerg bg slbi g bf gerlbf bg slsgt% I g}pgtlèe`li mwkiei  bg Bgw rftei+f kil ptð}lkf bi g}pgtlèe`li bi alklriî÷g gpg`liakgerg g}pgtlkgeribi gk lrwiîàf bg bfgeîi  ‐ bg ciari bg

92 Piøbg Kgeria% G}pgtlkgerit+g mwkief ì! pftrierf! i kil ptfcwebi g}pgtlèe`li `fkpitrlamibi `fk wk Bgw ywg g cgx mwkief! mwkief ! ywg ì ikft g klgtl`ðtbli% I lkingk bg Bgw rgtewti g klgtl`ðtbli ì cwebikgeria piti wk ntiebg ptf`gf bg pgtbfit+g  g `tg`gt lergtlftkgerg bg cftki ywg mihi wk ptgwpfrf dirierg cftrg piti wki sgtbibglti tglergntiîàf f`lia i pitrlt bi cì ‐ bi cì `tlrà% I tglergntiîàf f`lia ptfsf`ibi pft @tlrf ì i tglergntiîàf pagei bf kitnleialxibf bi f`lgbibg8 f pfdtg! f bfgerg! i kwamgt ikitlriei! i `tlieîi%%% F ywg gré ï kitngk bgsg slt if kglf8 ‑Gag blx if mfkgk bi kàf g`i8 Sgk piti f kglf‛ -K` 0!0,% Sgk piti f kglf) Grit ef kglf ì grit lergntibf ef ntwpf f`lia% Hgw ì ipgairlsf! eàf `febl`lfei! lkpagkgerg `feslbi% Sgk piti f kglf) @miki+g piti f kglf ywgk ì i`glrf ef ntwpf% Hgw `feslbi piti f kglf! f ywg tgywgt wki lel`lirlsi g wk ywgtgt bg ywgk ì `feslbibf piti f kglf% Pg grg eàf ptfrinfelxit grg lt piti f kglf ! gag eàf i`ferg`g% Elrf tglbg i ntiebgxi g blrleîàf bi tglergntiîàf f`lia `tlrà% Ì `ipi`lrit piti ywg f pftribft bg rtierftef kgeril iwki gw pipga bg ptfrinfelri bg wi slbi% _tfsisgakgerg! wki bi kil ntisg bfgeîi! ef rgkpf bg Hgw! pfbg rgt lbf i ipirli pgtierg i slbi% Ywg gagkgerf `fkwk ge`fertikf ef klaintg6 Ywia f kilft bf klaintg6 Tgpgrlbi sgxg! Hgw ipgai8 Agsieri+rg)  Pð bgpfl i`ferg`li f klaintg% Egemwki pgfi `itlbfi cfl `mikibi piti ihwbit% Ì pftywg Hgw ywgtli i `fertldwlîàf gcgrlsi! f ptfrinfelkf bf gw lergtaf`wrft% Ipgaf grg ywg ipitg`g gk blsgti piinge dëdal`i8 Kr <%7: <% 3: K` 0%0! A` 7%40 Kr 4%90: K` 2%24: A` 97%9=% Tglergntiîàf f`lia fd i ðrl`i `tlrà ì! pftrierf! wk ptf`gf agerf g gnwtf bg wpgtiîàf g bfkëelf bi ptðptli slbi! bg ptfrinfelkf g tgialxiîàf pgfia g bi tgaiîàf `fk wk Bgw i`famgbft g bleäkl`f! ywg iki g `ipi`lri piti f ikft%

97

@FEPLBGTIÎ×GP CLEILP

I lkingk bg Bgw ywg ptfpl`li tgaiî÷g mwkiei mitkfelfi gertg pftribftg bg rtierftef kgeril g wi tgbg f`lil ì iywgai ywg f ptðptlf @tlrf ef iptggeri% Gag i`famg g iasi i rfbf g eàf ywgt fwrti `fli bf ywg i cgal`lbibg bg `ibi gt mwkiei% Rtiri+g bg wk Bgw bf ikft g bf pgtbàf `ipix bg agsit pi`lgerg g ciklalitg i wk afenf ptf`gf bg tg`fe`laliîàf `fk i mlrðtli bi slbi% F pgtbàf aldgtri g rftei `ipix piti f ptfrinfelkf! piti i lbgerlcl`iîàf bg wk gerlbf pagef bg slbi eàf `febl`lfeibf i ywiaywgt rlpf bg alklriîàf% I g}pgtlèe`li bf ikft bg Bgw ì cwebikgeria piti i i`glriîàf bi ptðptli `feblîàf g f bggesfaslkgerf bg midlalbibg g f ptfrinfelkf gk tgaiîàf ï slbi g i `feclnwtiîàf bi slbi pgfia g f`lia% I tglergntiîàf f`lia! diebglti bi tg`gerg tgcftki plywlértl`i! tgywgt wki efsi tgaiîàf `fk f Rtie`gebgerg% I siaftlxiîàf pgfia eàf pfbg `fecalrit `fk i lkingk bg Bgw% I cì gk Bgw eàf pfbg agsit i pilslbibg! i `fecftklbibg `fk i lrwiîàf ywg pfbg g bgsg gt kwbibi% Ì ptg`lf tg`femg`gt i midlalbibg g pfldlalbibg ï awx bi cì ewk Bgw ywg i`famg rfbf lnwiakgerg g ywgt ywg ghik cgalxg irtisì bi iwrf+tgialxiîàf ef bgbfdtikgerf bg midlalbibg pgfil%

93 TGCGTÈE@LIP DLDALFNTÉCL@IP I DLDALI BG HGTWPIAÌK% Tgslri g ikpalibi% Pàf _iwaf8 _iwaw! 4??4% @IRG@LPKF BI LNTGHI @IRÐAL@I%% Pàf _iwaf8 Af|fai% 9<<<% IAG]IEBGT! Ctiex: PGAGPEL@J! Pmgabfe% Mlrðtli bi _lywlirtli% 4% gb% Pàf _iwaf8 LDTIPI! 9<=?% DIWKNITREGT! Llbft gr ia% Miebdw`m bgt _irftiap|`mfafnlg % Tgngedwtn8 Ctlgbgtl`m _wrgr! 9<=<&9&GEPILF+PFDTG+F+BLTGLRF+BG+ 1mrrp8&&~~~%~gditrlnf%`fk&itrl`ag&90>=<&9&GEPILF+PFDTG+F+BLTGLRF+BG+ RGT+BLTGLRFP&pinlei9%mrka #l}xx?r`BGbwjb5% #l}xx?r`BGbwjb 5% I`gf gk8 4> hwe% 4?9?% @FPRI! Hwtieblt Ctgltg% Mlrðtli bi _lywlirtli ef Dtila  ‐ wk `ftrg lbgfaðnl`f! Tlf bg Hiegltf8 Nitikfeb! 4??>% HWELFT! Hfàf Ldil}g% _ft wk `fe`glrf bg blnelbibg! TGSLPRI HWTËBL@I @FEPWAG] + IEF ] ‐ E¸ 443 + 97 bg hwemf bg 4??3! E%¸ 2< TLDGLTF! _iwaf Tgeeg Kitîia% Piøbg Kgeria8 Blkgeàf Mlrðtl`i g Blkgeàf bg  Irwiîàf% Pàf _iwaf8 G_W! 9<<3% PRF@JLENGT! Twl @itaf% Tgcftki plywlértl`i dtilaglti% _grtðpfal8 Sfxg! 4??>% Blpfeësga gk8 1MRR_8&  &~~~%~gditrlnf%`fk&itrl`ag&90>  &~~~%~gditrlnf%`fk&itrl`ag&90>=<&9 =<&95% 5% I`gf gk8 2 hwa% 4?9?% PRFEG! Kl`miga% I @wti bi Kgerg8 I mlrðtli bi _lywlirtli bi Ierlnwlbibg irì f  _tggerg% Rtibwîàf bg Kitli @tlrlei Kfergltf% _ftrf Iagntg8 Ia gntg8 Itrkgb! 9<<<%