If jaua}aýl zg{gbtæeamf jhi fdjgohl }h thfia~f hl 1 mxfjtflzh}, ]h jhiaoazf thfia~fljg jg} iïlhf} uhtzamfih} vxh {f}fl {gt if iïlhf ohjagmifuamxift) xlf iïlhf `gta~glzfi vxh uf jh}jh if h}{alf aiafmf flzhtg}x{htagt f if gztf h}{alf aiafmf q }h jhlgoalf iïlhf dah}{alfi) q if }xdmg}zfi vxh uf jh}jh hi dgtjh mg}zfi jh if jhmaof mg}zaiif `f}zf hi dgtjh mg}zfi jh if mg}zaiif jhi gztg ifjg, Ig} mxfjtflzh} }h jhlgoalftïfl) `a{gmgljtag jhthm`g) eiflmg jhthm`g) eg}f aiafmf jhthm`f3 hl if {ftzh ohjaf) h{abf}ztag) oh}gbf}ztag g thbaýl xodaiamfi q hi `a{gbf}ztag q jhi ifjg a~vxahtjg `a{gmgljtag a~vxahtjg) eiflmg a~v q eg}f aiafmf a~v,
Hi thztg{htazglhg h} if thbaýl flfzýoamf fdjgoalg{áiuamf) fdjgoalg{áiuamf) igmfia~fjf {gt jhztæ} jhi {htazglhg) vxh mglzahlh) hlzth gztg} ýtbflg}) ig} btfljh} uf}g} fdjgoalfih}) ig} taöglh} q if} biæljxif} }x{tftthlfih}, / /
/
/ / / / / /
Hl hi `a{gmgljtag jhthm`g mgl}hbxaog} hi iýdxig jhthm`g jhi `ïbfjg) if uh}ïmxif daiaft) hi ælbxig `h{æzamg jhi mgigl) if }hbxljf {gtmaýl jhi jxgjhlg, Hl hi h{abf}ztag }h hlmxhlztf hi iýdxig a~vxahtjg jhi `ïbfjg) {taohtf {gtmaýl jhi jxgjhlg) if {ftzh }x{htagt jh if if mfdh~f q mxht{g jhi {ælmthf}) {ælmthf}) h}zgofbg, Hl Hl if {ftzh oæ} {g}zhtagt }h }h hlmxhlztf if fgtzf) }h xdamf hl hi h}{fmag thztg{htazglhfi, Hl hi `a{gmgljtag a~vxahtjg }h hlmxhlztf hi df~g) hi ælbxig h}{iálamg jhi mgigl) if mgif jhi {ælmthf} }h {tgqhmzf `fmaf if mftf alzhtlf jhi df~g {gt ohjag jhi h{a{iýl {flmthfzamgh}{ihlamg) }h {xhjh mgl}hbxat zfodaál if mxtufzxtf ofqgt jhi h}zgofbg, Hl hi eiflmg jhthm`g }h hlmxhlztf hi mgigl f}mhljhlzh) xtázht jhi ifjg jhthm`g (thztg{htazglhfi! {gig alehtagt jhi taöýl jhthm`g(thztg{htazglhfi! Hl hi oh}gbf}ztag }h hlmxhlztf hi mgigl ztfl}uht}g) mxtufzxtf ofqgt jhi h}zgofbg) if} f}f} alzh}zalfih} jhibfjf} (qhqxlg h ïihgl!, Fgtzf fdjgoalfi (thztg{htazglhfi! Hl hi eiflmg a~vxahtjg }h hlmxhlztf hi mgigl jh}mhljhlzh) xtázht jhi ifjg a~vxahtjg) {gig alehtagt jhi taöýl a~vxahtjg (thztg{htazglhfi! Hl if eg}f aiafmf jhthm`f }h hlmxhlztf hi mahbg) hi f{áljamh) q hi ïihgl zhtoalfi) guftag (zfodaál }h {xhjh xdamft hl `a{gbf}ztag! Hl hi `a{gbf}ztag }h hlmxhlztf hi þzhtg) if} ztgo{f}) hi thmzg q if uhnabf xtalftaf) {ftzh jh if} f}f} alzh}zalfih} jhibfjf} Hl if eg}f aiafmf a~vxahtjf h}zæ hi mgigl }abogajhg
Oþ}mxig} flzhtgifzhtfih} jhi fdjgohl> (Jh }x{hteamafi f {tgexljg! 6, Gdiamxg hpzhtlg g ofqgt> ]h al}htzf hl if mftf hpzhtlf jh if} 2 x 0 xizaof} mg}zaiif}) jh fiiï }h jatabh `fmaf hi dgtjh }x{htagt jh if mth}zf aiafmf) q `f}zf ig} zhtmag} flzhtagth} jh if h}{alf aiafmf flzhtagt q }x{htagt, Jh fvxï }h uf `fmaf if iïlhf ohjaf) jgljh h}zæ if f{glhxtg}a} jhi gdiamxg ofqgt (if mxfi }h al}htzf hl if f{áljamh paegajh} q iihbf `f}zf if }ïlea}a} {xdaflf! }h mtx~f mgl if f{glhxtg}a} jhi ifjg g{xh}zg q egtofl if ’Iïlhf fidf‟, Gztf jh if} al}htmaglh} vxh zahlh hi
gdiamxg ofqgt h} f lauhi jhi dgtjh flzhtagt jhi `xh}g mgpfi hl if albih jgljh egtof {gt ohjag jh eadtf} f{glhxtýzamf} hi ftmg mtxtfi g ftmg ehogtfi (iabfohlzg albxalfi! H}zh iabfohlzg }h hpzahljh jh}jh if h}{alf aiïfmf aiïfmf flzhtg}x{htagt `f}zf if }ïlea}a} {þdamf, [ftf egtoft hi gtaeamag jh }fiajf jhi mgtjýl h}{htoæzamg h}zh ox}mxig egtof zth} {aifth}) xl {aift hpzhtlg vxh uf `fmaf if h}{alf jhi {xda}) xl {aift ohjag vxh uf `fmaf if }ïlea}a} {xdaflf q xl {aift {g}zhtagt (Iabfohlzg jh Mgiih}! vxh uahlh jh if f{glhxtg}a} jhi gdiamxg ofqgt jhi ifjg mglztfifzhtfi) if} f{glhxtg}a} jh fodg} ifjg} }h hlzthmtx~fl q ufl `fmaf if mth}zf {hmzïlhf, Fmmaýl> H} xl ox}mxig h}{atfjgt) h} eihpgt q tgzfjgt jhi ztglmg Alhtufmaýl> Þizaog} lhtuag} alzhtmg}zfih}) fdjgoalgbhlazfi ofqgt
g aiag`a{gbf}ztamg ({ihpg ixodft! Thifmaglh}> ]h thifmaglf mgl hi ftmg mtxtfi) {gt jhztæ} mgl hi
ox}mxig thmzg flzhtagt jhi fdjgohl q hi ox}mxig gdiamxg ohlgt q f lauhi jhi dgtjh hpzhtlg jhi thmzg }h thifmaglf mgl if ftzhtaf h{abæ}ztamf) if mxfi }h flf}zgog}f mgl if ftzhtaf ofoftaf alzhtlf f h}zh lauhi, Jh abxfi oflhtf }h thifmaglf {gt jhztæ} mgl jg} h}{fmag} flfzgoamg}3 Ztaælbxig ixodft }x{htagt g jh Btqlehiz > h}{fmag iaoazfjg {gt if 64uf mg}zaiif q dgtjh alehtagt jhi }httfzg {g}zhtagt alehtagt) dgtjh hpzhtlg jhi oþ}mxig mxfjtfjg ixodft q dgtjh {g}zhtagt jhi gdiamxg ohlgt, Hi ztaflbxig ixodft alehtagt ([hzaz! q h} xl h}{fmag uhtzamfi jh ohlgt zfofög vxh hi }x{htagt, ]h mglgmh mgog h}{fmag fdjgoalfi ixodgaiïfmg q }x} iïoazh} }gl> if mth}zf jhi `xh}g aiafmg egtof if df}h q }x h}ztxmzxtf tïbajf) hi dgtjh ifzhtfi h} hi oftbhl iadth jhi oþ}mxig gdiamxg ofqgt q hi dgtjh ohjafi h} hi oftbhl iadth ifzhtfi jhi oþ}mxig jgt}fi flm`g q hl }x alzhtagt }h hlmxhlztf hi gdiamxg ohlgt, 4, Gdiamxg alzhtlg g ohlgt> ]h al}htzf {gt fdfng hl hi zhtmag hpzhtlg jhi iabfohlzg albxalfi) hl if
iïlhf alzhtohjaf jh if mth}zf aiafmf) q hl if f{ýea}a} h}{alg}f jh if vxalzf uátzhdtf ixodft, Jh}jh h}zf} al}htmaglh} if} eadtf} }h hpzahljhl hl egtof jh fdflamg q zhtoalfl hl xlf iftbf al}htmaýl vxh uf jh}jh if} þizaof} mg}zaiif} `f}zf hi {xda}) {f}fljg {gt if iïlhf fidf, If} eadtf} alehtagth} vxh lfmhl jhi iabfohlzg albxalfi) }h mgo{gtzfl mgog ig} ef}mïmxig} }xdqfmhlzh} jhi ox}mxig ztfl}uht}g jhi fdjgohl) mgl if} mxfih} egtofl if `g~ albxalfi g zhljýl mglnxlzg (}h al}htzf hl hi zhtmag hpzhtlg jhi iabfohlzg albxalfi! q {gt ohjag jh h}zh zhljýl }h al}htzfl hl if }ïlea}a} {þdamf) hl hi {xda} q hl hi {hmzhl (mth}zf {hmzïlhf!, H} {ftzh jh ig} oþ}mxig} vxh egtofl hi mthof}zht,
Fmmaýl> Mgo{th}gt jhi fdjgohl) h}{atfjgt) tgzfjgt jhi jgt}g `fmaf hi
oa}og ifjg) eihpgt jhi zýtfp }gdth hi fdjgohl, Þizaog} tfog} alzhtmg}zfih} q fdjgoalgbhlazfi ofqgt (aiag`a{gbf}ztamg! q fdjgoalgbhlazfi ohlgt (aiagalbxalfi!
Alhtufmaýl>
Thifmaglh}> ]h thifmaglf {gt exhtf mgl ái gdiamxg ofqgt q {gt jhlztg mgl hi
ox}mxig ztfl}uht}g, Fjhoæ} hl if iïlhf fidf mxfljg iihbf fi dgtjh hpzhtlg jhi thmzg }h jauajh hl jg} f{glhxtg}a} xlf vxh {f}f {gt jhiflzh jhi ox}mxig o x}mxig thmzg hl hi zhtmag alehtagt q ig} 4'= }x{htagth} {f}f {gt jhztæ} jh h}zh ox}mxig, Egtof {ftzh zfodaál zfodaál jhi mgljxmzg albxalfi =, Ox}mxig Ztfl}uht}g> ]x} eadtf} }gl jh egtof ztfl}uht}fi q ufl jh fztæ} `fmaf fjhiflzh, Fztæ} zahlh xlf f{glhxtg}a} vxh }h mglexljh mgl if f{glhxtg}a} jhi gdiamxg ohlgt q vxh zahlh = `gnf}) xlf `gnf vxh iihbf f if} f{ýea}a} mg}zaegtoh} jh if} uhtzhdtf} ixodfth}) gztf `gnf vxh iihbf f if} oa}of} f{ýea}a} hlugiuahljg fi ox}mxig mxfjtfjg mtxtfi q gztf `gnf vxh h}zf of} {g}zhtagt vxh h}zæ hl thifmaýl mgl ig} oþ}mxig} jh if of}f mgoþl q iihbf `f}zf if} f{ýea}a} h}{alg}f} jh if} uhtzhdtf} ixodfth}, Hl }x {gtmaýl flzhtagt }h hlmxhlztf If iïlhf }hoaixlft jh ]{ahbhi) h} if iïlhf vxh egtof q mgtth}{gljh f if ztfl}amaýl jh oþ}mxig f f{glhxtg}a} jhi oþ}mxig ztfl}uht}g fdjgoalfi, ]h hlmxhlztf zfodaál hi ftmg jh Jgxbif}) xl `f~ jh eadtf} vxh aljamfl hi ealfi jh if ufalf {g}zhtagt jh ig} thmzg} hl }x {ftzh alehtagt q vxh egtof xl ftmg }gdth hi ox}mxig thmzg jhi fdjgohl, ]h al}htzf zfodaál hl ig} þizaog} mftzïifbg} mgljtfih}, Hl }x al}htmaýl alehtagt }h mglexljh mgl if} eadtf} jhi gdiamxg ohlgt q egtofl fodg} oþ}mxig} fi zhljýl mglnxlzg, Fmmaýl> H}{atfjgt q mgo{th}gt jh if} uï}mhtf} jhi fdjgohl,
Thmadh tfog} {tgmhjhlzh} jh ig} ig} lhtuag} aiag`a{gbæ}ztamg (ofqgt! h aiagalbxalfi (ohlgt!,
Alhtufmaýl>
:
þizaog} lhtuag}
:, Thmzg flzhtagt jhi fdjgohl> H}zh ox}mxig }h al}htzf hl }x {ftzh alehtagt
hl if {ftzh flzhtagt jhi dgtjh }x{htagt jhi {xda} jh}jh if h}{alf `f}zf if }ïlea}a}, F lauhi jhi {xda} }h al}htzf {gt ohjag jh jg} {aifth}) {aift alzhtlg q {aift hpzhtlg) Hi {aift alzhtlg }h hlzthmtx~f mgl hi jhi ifjg g{xh}zg q jhi {aift hpzhtlg }fih xl btx{g jh eadtf} vxh }h jhlgoalfl iabfohlzg jh @hlih if} mxfih} ufl f thegt~ft if {fthj {g}zhtagt jhi mflfi albxalfi, Jh fiiï }x al}htmaýl }h jatabh `fmaf fttadf hl egtof thmzf q uf f iihbft {gt ohjag jh zth} jabazfmaglh} f if} mg}zaiif}) if {taohtf g ifzhtfi f}mahljh `f}zf hi vxalzg h}{fmag alzhtmg}zfi fi vxalzg mftzïifbg mg}zfi) if jabazfmaýl ohjaf uf `fmaf hi }hpzg mftzïifbg mg}zfi q if jabazfmaýl ohjafi zhtoalf hl hi }á{zaog
alzhtmg}zfih} q
mftzïifbg mg}zfi q hl if mftf flzhtagt jh if f{ýea}a} paegajh}, H} xl ox}mxig {giabæ}ztamg) jhdajg f vxh zahlh alzht}hmmaglh} alzht}hmmaglh} zhljalg}f} ztfl}uht}fih}, ztfl}uht}fih}, H}zæl }h{ftfjg} xlg jhi gztg {gt if iïlhf iïlhf fidf, Fmmaýl> H}{atfjgt q eihpgt jhi ztglmg jhi zýtfp }gdth if {hiua} q mgo{th}gt Alhtufmaýl> Þizaog} lhtuag} alzhtmg}zfih} q lhtuag aiag`a{gbf}ztamg g fdjgoalgbhlazfi ofqgt
8, Ox}mxig [atfoajfi> ]h al}htzf {gt ohjag jh eadtf} zhljalg}f} hl hi {xda} q hl if mftf flzhtagt jh if }ïlea}a}) }h jatabh `fmaf fttadf {ftf at f zhtoalft hl if {ftzh ifzhtfi jh if iïlhf fidf, Thmadh tfog} {tgmhjhlzh} jh ig} : þizaog} lhtuag} alzhtmg}zfih} q ig} lhtuag} aiag`a{gbæ}ztamg (ofqgt! q Lhtuag bhlazgmtxtfi vxh uahlh uahlh jhi {ihpg ixodft, ixodft,
Alhtufmaýl>
Btx{g jh if thbaýl {g}zhtagt
5, Ox}mxig Mxfjtfjg Ixodft> H}zh ox}mxig h}zæ egtofjg {gt zth} mif}h} jh eadtf}, Hl {taoht ixbft) if} aiagmg}zfih}) vxh }h al}htzfl {gt fdfng hl if {ftzh oæ} {g}zhtagt jh if mth}zf aiafmf f}ï mgog hl hi iabfohlzg aiagixodft) q }h jatabhl jh}{xá} mf}a uhtzamfiohlzh {ftf eanft}h hl hi dgtjh alehtagt jh if jxgjámaof mg}zaiif, If} eadtf} aiagztfl}uht}f} }gl eadtf} alzhtlf} jhi ox}mxig vxh f}mahljhl gdiamxfohlzh jhi aiagl g iabfohlzg aiagixodft {ftf zhtoalft hl if} f{ýea}a} ztfl}uht}f} jh if} mxfztg {taohtf} uhtzhdtf} ixodfth}, Ealfiohlzh if} eadtf} mg}zgztfl}uht}f} }h jatabhl gdiamxfohlzh mtx~fljg {gt jhztæ} jh if} flzhtagth}) jh if jxgjámaof mg}zaiif f if} f{ýea}a} ztfl}uht}f} jh if} mxfztg {taohtf} ixodfth}, @fmaf fjhiflzh h}zh ox}mxig }h thifmaglf jathmzfohlzh mgl hi taöýl) {gt ohjag jh if eg}f ixodft, ]h thifmaglf mgl hi iabfohlzg ftvxhfjg ifzhtfi Fmmaýl> Oflzhlht if {g}amaýl htbxajf q Eihpaýl ifzhtfi `fmaf hi ifjg jgljh }h hlmxhlztf Alhtufmaýl> Tfog} lhtuag}g} jhi jxgjámaog lhtuag alzhtmg}zfi) f}ï mgog jh ig} mxfztg {taohtg}
{fth} ixodfth} 2, Ox}mxig [}gf}aiafmg g aiag{}gf}> H}zh ox}mxig h}zæ jauajajg hl jg} {ftzh} [}gf} g {}gf} ofqgt> ([f}f {gt jhdfng jhi iabfohlzg ftvxhfjg ohjafi! Zgof al}htmaýl hl if
{ftzh alehtagt q ifzhtfi jhi mxht{g jh if þizaof uhtzhdtf jgt}fi) f}ï mgog hl ig} ja}mg} alzhtuhtzhdtfih}, H}zf al}htmaýl }h thfia~f {gt ohjag jh ftmg} zhljalg}g} vxh }h }h{ftfl jh if} mftf} ifzhtfih} jh ig} mxht{g} uhtzhdtfih}) jhnfljg xlg} gtaeamag} fiftbfjg} uhtzamfiohlzh {gt jgljh {f}fl ig} uf}g} ixodfth} q tfog} jhi }ao{æzamg, [gt gztf {ftzh h}zh ox}mxig zfodaál }h al}htzf hl if mftf flzhtagt jh if df}h jh if} f{ýea}a} ztfl}uht}f} jh if} uhtzhdtf} ixodfth}, F {ftzat jh h}zg} {xlzg}) if} eadtf} ox}mxifth} jhi {}gf} mgluhtbhl `fmïfl fdfng hl xlf of}f ox}mxift vxh jh}mahljh fi ifjg jh if mgixolf ixodft) q vxh jh}{xá} jh fztfuh}ft if {ftzh alzhtlf jh if eg}f aiafmf alzhtlf q mtx~ft hi dgtjh flzhtagt flzhtagt jhi `xh}g mgpfi hlzth if h}{alf aiafmf
flzhtgalehtagt q if hoalhlmaf aiag{hmzalhf) {f}f {gt jhiflzh jh if ftzamxifmaýl mgpgehogtfi q zhtoalf f efugt jh xl exhtzh zhljýl vxh }h al}htzf hl hi ztgmælzht ohlgt, Thifmaýl> ]h thifmaglf {gt jhztæ} mgl hi taöýl) uf}g} thlfih}) xtázht) uf}g} h}{htoæzamg} hl hi `godth q xzhtgguftamg} hl if oxnht, ]h `fiif fztfuh}fjg {gt hi {ihpg ixodft hlzth h}zg} hi lhtuag ehogtgmxzflhg, F ig iftbg jhi dgtjh alzhtlg jhi ox}mxig mgtth {taohtg if ftzhtaf aiafmf {taoazauf q jh}{xá} if ftzhtaf q uhlf} aiafmf} hpzhtlf}) f}ï mgog ig} bflbiag} ialeæzamg} mgtth}{gljahlzh}, Fi ifjg jh h}zh oa}og dgtjh {f}fl zfodaál hi xtázht q ig} uf}g} h}{htoæzamg} g xzhtgguftamg}, Hi dgtjh hpzhtlg }h thifmaglf mgl if} al}htmaglh} jhi ztfl}uht}g q mgl if} tfoaeamfmaglh} aiafmf} jh if ftzhtaf aiagixodft, Oæ} fdfng) qf hl if {gtmaýl mtxtfi) {f}f hi ox}mxig {gt jhdfng jhi ftmg mtxtfi) jgljh }h `fiif }h{ftfjg jh if ftzhtaf q uhlf ehogtfih} {gt if malzaiif aiag{hmzalhf (iabfohlzg albxalfi!) iihufljg jhlztg jh }x ufalf f{glhxtýzamf fi lhtuag mtxtfi, Hl hi ox}ig) hi ox}mxig [}gf}aiafmg egtof if {ftzh hpzhtlf jhi egljg jhi ztaflbxig jh ]mft{f q h}zæ hl thifmaýl {gt jhlztg mgl hi {hmzïlhg) mgl hi mxfi mgl}zazxqhl xl mflfi jgljh }h jh}ia~fl ig} uf}g} ehogtfih}, Aiafmg> ]x al}htmaýl }x{htagt }h hpzahljh }gdth mf}a zgjf if eg}f aiafmf alzhtlf) fimfl~f hi ifdag alzhtlg jh if mth}zf aiafmf) hi iabfohlzg aiagixodft q if df}h jhi }fmtg {gt jhlztg) f}ï mgog if mftf alzhtlf jh if} h}{alf} aiafmf} flzhtagth}) f {ftzat jh fvxï }x} eadtf} mgluhtbhl `fmaf fdfng q fmfdfl hl xl exhtzh zhljýl vxh uf hl hi jhi {}gf}) hl hi ztgmælzht ohlgt, Fmmaýl> Eihpaýl jh if mfjhtf q iabhtf tgzfmaýl hpzhtlf jhi ox}ig Alhtufmaýl> [ihpg ixodft) fdjgoalgbhlazfi ofqgt 0, Ox}mxig [}gf} Ohlgt> ]h al}htzf {gt fttadf hl hi ja}mg vxh }h{ftf if xizaof uhtzhdtf zgtæmamf jh if {taohtf ixodft) f}ï mgog hl ig} mxht{g} uhtzhdtfih} fjqfmhlzh}, Jh}{xá} }x} eadtf} }h jatabhl `fmaf fdfng q zhtoalfl hl xl iftbg zhljýl vxh }h al}htzf hl if hoalhlmaf aiag{hmzalhf,
