Republic v. City of Davao, Davao , G.R. No. 148622, 12 September 2002
FIRST DIVISION [G.R. No. 148622. September 12, 2002] REPU!I" OF T#E P#I!IPPINES, repre$e%te& b' #ON. #E#ERSON T. (!V(RE), *% +*$ -p-*t' -$ Seret-r' o t+e DEP(RT/ENT OF ENVIRON/ENT (ND N(TUR(! RESOUR"ES DENR, "!(REN"E !. (GUI!(T (GUI!(T, *% +*$ -p-*t' -$ t+e Re*o%-3 Ee5t*e D*retor o DENR7Re*o% I -%& ENGR. IENVENIDO !. !IP(9ON, !IP(9ON, *% +*$ -p-*t' -$ t+e Re*o%-3 D*retor o t+e DENR7ENVIRON/ENT(! DENR7ENVIRON/ENT(! /(N(GE/ENT URE(U DENR7 E/, Re*o% I, petitioners, I, petitioners, vs. vs. T#E "IT9 OF D(V(O, repre$e%te& b' EN:(/IN ". DE GU)/(N, "*t' /-'or, respondent . DE"ISION 9N(RES7S(NTI(GO, J 9N(RES7S(NTI(GO, J .; .;
eore 5$ *$ - pet*t*o% or re*e< [1] o% ert*or-r* -$$-*3*% t+e &e*$*o% [2] &-te& /-' 28, 2001 o t+e Re*o%-3 Tr*-3 "o5rt o D--o "*t', r-%+ r-%+ ==, <+*+ r-%te& r-%te& t+e 5%t*o% *% -or o re$po%&e%t, t+e "*t' o D--o, -%& --*%$t pet*t*o%er, t+e Rep5b3*, repre$e%te& b' t+e Dep-rtme%t o E%*ro%me%t -%& N-t5r-3 Re$o5re$ DENR. DENR. T+e tr*-3 o5rt -3$o &*rete& pet*t*o%er to *$$5e - "ert**-te o No%7"oer-e *% -or o re$po%&e%t. *
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T+e -%tee&e%t -t$ o t+e -$e -re -$ o33o<$; O% (55$t 11, 2000, re$po%&e%t *3e& -% -pp3*-t*o% or - "ert**-te o No%7"oer-e "N" or *t$ propo$e& pro>et, t+e D--o "*t' (rt*- Sport$ Dome, <*t+ t+e E%*ro%me%t-3 /-%-eme%t 5re-5 E/, Re*o% I. (tt-+e& to t+e -pp3*-t*o% -pp3*-t*o% et $*te@ b br*e pro>et &e$r*pt*o%@ -%& - ert**-t*o% rom t+e "*t' P3-%%*% -%& Dee3opme%t O*e t+-t t+e pro>et *$ %ot 3o-te& *% -% e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3 -re- E"(. T+e E/ Re*o% I &e%*e& t+e -pp3*-t*o% -ter *%&*% t+-t t+e propo$e& pro>et <-$ <*t+*% - % e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3 -re-%& r53e& t+-t, p5r$5-%t to Set*o% 2, Pre$*&e%t*-3 Deree No. 1A86, ot+er<*$e B%o <% -$ t+e E%*ro%me%t-3 Imp-t St-teme%t S'$tem, *% re3-t*o% to Set*o% 4 o Pre$*&e%t*-3 Deree No, 11A1, -3$o B%o<% -$ t+e P+*3*pp*%e E%*ro%me%t Po3*', t+e "*t' o D--o m5$t 5%&ero t+e e%*ro%me%t-3 *mp-t -$$e$$me%t EI( proe$$ to $e5re -% E%*ro%me%t-3 "omp3*-%e "ert**-te E"", beore *t -% proee& <*t+ t+e o%$tr5t*o% o *t$ pro>et. e3*e*% t+-t *t <-$ e%t*t3e& to - "ert**-te o No%7"oer-e, re$po%&e%t *3e& - pet*t*o% or m-%&-m5$ -%& *%>5%t*o% <*t+ t+e Re*o%-3 Tr*-3 "o5rt o D--o, &oBete& -$ "**3 "-$e No. 28,1==72000. It -33ee& t+-t *t$ *t$ propo$e& pro>et <-$ %e*t+er -% e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3 pro>et %or <*t+*% -% e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3 -re-@ t+5$ *t <-$ o5t$*&e t+e $ope o t+e EIS $'$tem. #e%e, *t <-$ t+e m*%*$ter*-3 &5t' o t+e DENR, t+ro5+ t+e E/7Re*o% I, to *$$5e - "N" *% -or o re$po%&e%t 5po% $5bm*$$*o% o t+e re?5*re& &o5me%t$.
T+e Re*o%-3 Tr*-3 "o5rt re%&ere& >5&me%t *% -or o re$po%&e%t, t+e & *$po$*t*e port*o% o <+*+ re-&$ -$ o33o<$; C#EREFORE, *%&*% t+e pet*t*o% to be mer*tor*o5$, >5&me%t r-%t*% t+e 5%t*o% *$ +ereb' re%&ere& *% -or o t+e pet*t*o%er "*t' o D--o -%& --*%$t re$po%&e%t$ Dep-rtme%t o E%*ro%me%t -%& N-t5r-3 Re$o5re$ -%& t+e ot+er re$po%&e%t$ b'; 1 &*ret*% t+e re$po%&e%t$ to *$$5e *% -or o t+e pet*t*o%er "*t' o D--o - "ert**-te o No%7"oer-e, p5r$5-%t to Pre$*&e%t*-3 Deree No. 1A86 -%& re3-te& 3-<$, *% o%%et*o% <*t+ t+e o%$tr5t*o% b' t+e "*t' o D--o o t+e (rt*- Sport$ Dome@ 2
m-B*% t+e pre3*m*%-r' *%>5%t*o% *$$5e& o% Deember 12, 2000 perm-%e%t.
"o$t$ &e o**o. SO ORDERED.
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T+e tr*-3 o5rt r-t*o*%-te& t+-t t+ere *$ %ot+*% *% PD 1A86, *% re3-t*o% to PD 11A1 -%& !etter o I%$tr5t*o% No. 11 pre$r*b*% 5*&e3*%e$ or omp3*-%e <*t+ t+e EI( $'$tem, <+*+ re?5*re$ 3o-3 oer%me%t 5%*t$ !GU$ to omp3' <*t+ t+e EIS 3-<. O%3' -e%*e$ -%& *%$tr5me%t-3*t*e$ o t+e %-t*o%-3 oer%me%t, *%35&*% oer%me%t o<%e& or o%tro33e& orpor-t*o%$, -$ et$ <+*+ +-e $*%**-%t eet o% t+e ?5-3*t' o t+e e%*ro%me%t. ( 3o-3 oer%me%t 5%*t, %ot be*% -% -e%' or *%$tr5me%t-3*t' o t+e N-t*o%-3 Goer%me%t, *$ &eeme& e35&e& 5%&er t+e pr*%*p3e o expressio unius est exclusio alterius. T+e tr*-3 o5rt -3$o &e3-re&, b-$e& o% t+e ert**-t*o%$ o t+e DENR7"omm5%*t' E%*ro%me%t -%& N-t5r-3 Re$o5re$ O*e "ENRO7Ce$t, -%& t+e &-t- -t+ere& rom t+e P+*3*pp*%e I%$t*t5te o Vo3-%o3o' -%& Se*$mo3o' P#IVO!"S, t+-t t+e $*te or t+e (rt*- Sport$ Dome <-$ %ot <*t+*% -% e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3 -re-. Ne*t+er <-$ t+e pro>et -% e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3 o%e. It t+ereore beome$ m-%&-tor' or t+e DENR, t+ro5+ t+e E/ Re*o% I, to -pproe re$po%&e%t$ -pp3*-t*o% or "N" -ter *t +-$ $-t*$*e& -33 t+e re?5*reme%t$ or *t$ *$$5-%e. (or&*%3', pet*t*o%er -% be ompe33e& b' - et. It t+5$ re%&ere& t+e *%$t-%t pet*t*o% moot -%& --&em*. #o
Set*o% 1A o Rep5b3* (t 160, [A] ot+er<*$e B%o<% -$ t+e !o-3 Goer%me%t "o&e, &e*%e$ 3o-3 oer%me%t 5%*t -$ - bo&' po3*t* -%& orpor-te e%&o
*% o%orm*t' <*t+ 3-<. ($ $5+, *t perorm$ &5-3 5%t*o%$, oer%me%t-3 -%& propr*et-r'. Goer%me%t-3 5%t*o%$ -re t+o$e t+-t o%er% t+e +e-3t+, $-et' -%& t+e -&-%eme%t o t+e p5b3* oo& or
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Fo5%& *% Set*o% 16 o t+e !o-3 Goer%me%t "o&e *$ t+e &5t' o t+e !GU$ to promote t+e peop3e$ r*+t to - b-3-%e& eo3o'. [10] P5r$5-%t to t+*$, -% !GU, 3*Be t+e "*t' o D--o, -% %ot 3-*m eempt*o% rom t+e oer-e o PD 1A86. ($ - bo&' po3*t* e%&oet*e o PD 1A86.
F5rt+er, *t *$ - r53e o $t-t5tor' o%$tr5t*o% t+-t eer' p-rt o - $t-t5te m5$t be *%terprete& <*t+ reere%e to t+e o%tet, i.e., t+-t eer' p-rt m5$t be o%$*&ere& <*t+ ot+er p-rt$, -%& Bept $5b$er*e%t to t+e e%er-3 *%te%t o t+e e%-tme%t. [11] T+e tr*-3 o5rt, *% &e3-r*% 3o-3 oer%me%t 5%*t$ -$ eempt rom t+e oer-e o t+e EIS 3-<, -*3e& to re3-te Set*o% 2 o PD 1A86 [12] to t+e o33o<*% pro*$*o%$ o t+e $-me 3-<; *
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C#ERE(S, t+e p5r$5*t o - ompre+e%$*e -%& *%ter-te& e%*ro%me%t-3 protet*o% pror-m %ee$$*t-te$ t+e e$t-b3*$+me%t -%& *%$t*t5t*o%-3*-t*o% o - $'$tem <+ereb' t+e e*e%*e$ o $o*o7eo%om* 5%&ert-B*%$ -% be reo%*3e& <*t+ t+e re?5*reme%t$ o e%*ro%me%t-3 ?5-3*t'@ . Set*o% 1. Policy. – It *$ +ereb' &e3-re& t+e po3*' o t+e St-te to -tt-*% -%& m-*%t-*% - r-t*o%-3 -%& or&er3' b-3-%e bet
Set*o% 4. H Presidential Proclamation of Environmentally Critical Areas and Projects. – T+e Pre$*&e%t o t+e P+*3*pp*%e$ m-', o% +*$ o<% *%*t*-t*e or 5po% reomme%&-t*o% o t+e N-t*o%-3 E%*ro%me%t-3 Protet*o% "o5%*3, b' pro3-m-t*o% &e3-re ert-*% pro>et$, 5%&ert-B*%$ or -re-$ *% t+e o5%tr' -$ e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3. No per$o%, p-rt%er$+*p or orpor-t*o% $+-33 5%&ert-Be or oper-te -%' $5+ &e3-re& e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3 pro>et or -re- <*t+o5t *r$t $e5r*% -% E%*ro%me%t-3 "omp3*-%e "ert**-te *$$5e& b' t+e P re$*&e%t or +*$ &53' -5t+or*e& repre$e%t-t*e. For t+e proper m-%-eme%t o $-*& r*t*-3 pro>et or -re-, t+e Pre$*&e%t m-' b' +*$ pro3-m-t*o% reor-%*e $5+ oer%me%t o*e$, -e%*e$, *%$t*t5t*o%$, orpor-t*o%$ or *%$tr5me%t-3*t*e$ *%35&*% t+e re-3*%me%t o oer%me%t per$o%%e3, -%& t+e*r $pe** 5%t*o%$ -%& re$po%$*b*3*t*e$. Set*o% 4 o PD 1A86 3e-r3' $t-te$ t+-t %o per$o%, p-rt%er$+*p or orpor-t*o% $+-33 5%&ert-Be o r oper-te -%' $5+ &e3-re& e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3 pro>et or -re- <*t+o5t *r$t $e5r*% -% E%*ro%me%t-3 "omp3*-%e "ert**-te *$$5e& b' t+e Pre$*&e%t or +*$ &53' -5 t+or*e& repre$e%t-t*e.J [1=] T+e "**3 "o&e &e*%e$ - per$o% -$ e*t+er %-t5r-3 or >5r*&*-3. T+e $t-te -%& ***
*t$ po3*t*-3 $5b&**$*o%$, *.e., t+e 3o-3 oer%me%t 5%*t$ [14] -re >5r*&*-3 per$o%$. [1A] U%&o5bte&3' t+ereore, 3o-3 oer%me%t 5%*t$ -re %ot e35&e& rom t+e oer-e o PD 1A86. *
!-$t3', er' 3e-r *% Set*o% 1 o PD 1A86 t+-t $-*& 3-< *%te%&$ to *mp3eme%t t+e po3*' o t+e $t-te to -+*ee - b-3-%e bet
T+e oreo*% -r5me%t$, +oet, or <+*+ -% E%*ro%me%t-3 "omp3*-%e "ert**-te *$ %ee$$-r', *$ e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3 or <*t+*% -% e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3 -re-. I% t+e -$e -t b-r, re$po%&e%t +-$ $5**e%t3' $+o<% t+-t t+e (rt*- Sport$ Dome <*33 %ot +-e - $*%**-%t %e-t*e e%*ro%me%t-3 *mp-t be-5$e *t *$ %ot -% e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3 pro>et -%& *t *$ %ot 3o-te& *% -% e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3 -re-. I% $5pport o t+*$ o%te%t*o%, re$po%&e%t $5bm*tte& t+e o33o<*%; 1. "ert**-t*o% rom t+e "*t' P3-%%*% -%& Dee3opme%t O*e t+-t t+e pro>et *$ %ot 3o-te& *% -% e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3 -re-@ 2. "ert**-t*o% rom t+e "omm5%*t' E%*ro%me%t -%& N-t5r-3 Re$o5re$ O*e "ENRO7 Ce$t t+-t t+e pro>et -re- *$ <*t+*% t+e 187=0K $3ope, *$ o5t$*&e t+e $ope o t+e NIP(S R.(. A86, -%& %ot <*t+*% - &e3-re& <-ter$+e& -re-@ -%& =. "ert**-t*o% rom P#I!VO"S t+-t t+e pro>et $*te *$ t+*rt'7$ee% = B*3ometer$ $o5t+e-$t o t+e $o5t+er%mo$t ete%$*o% o t+e D--o R*er F-53t -%& ort'7*e 4A B*3ometer$ et. It *$ -*om-t* t+-t -t5-3 *%&*%$ o t+e tr*-3 o5rt, <+e% 533' $5pporte& b' t+e e*&e%e o% reor&, -re b*%&*% 5po% t+*$ "o5rt -%& <*33 %ot be &*$t5rbe& o% -ppe-3. [1] T+*$ "o5rt *$ %ot - tr*er o -t$. [18] **
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T+ere -re eept*o%-3 *%$t-%e$ <+e% t+*$ "o5rt m-' &*$re-r& -t5-3 *%&*%$ o t+e tr*-3 o5rt, %-me3'; - <+e% t+e o%35$*o% *$ - *%&*% ro5%&e& e%t*re3' o% $pe53-t*o%$, $5rm*$e$, or o%>et5re$@ b <+e% t+e *%ere%e m-&e *$ m-%*e$t3' m*$t-Be%, -b$5r&, or *mpo$$*b3e@ <+ere t+ere *$ - r-e -b5$e o &*$ret*o%@ & <+e% t+e >5&me%t *$ b-$e& o% - m*$-ppre+e%$*o% o -t$@ e <+e% t+e *%&*%$ o -t -re o%3*t*%@ <+e% t+e "o5rt o (ppe-3$, *% m-B*% *t$ *%&*%$,
$5ppo$e& -b$e%e o e*&e%e b5t *$ o%tr-&*te& b' t+e e*&e%e o% reor&@ -%& > <+e% t+e "o5rt o (ppe-3$ m-%*e$t3' oer3ooBe& ert-*% re3e-%t -t$ %ot &*$p5te& b' t+e p-rt*e$ -%& <+*+, * proper3' o%$*&ere&, 5$t*' - &*ere%t o%35$*o%. [1] No%e o t+e$e eept*o%$, +o
T+e E%*ro%me%t-3 Imp-t St-teme%t S'$tem, <+*+ e%$5re$ e%*ro%me%t-3 protet*o% -%& re53-te$ ert-*% oer%me%t -t**t*e$ -et*% t+e e%*ro%me%t, <-$ e$t-b3*$+e& b' Pre$*&e%t*-3 Deree No. 1A86. Set*o% 2 t+ereo $t-te$; T+ere *$ +ereb' e$t-b3*$+e& -% E%*ro%me%t-3 Imp-t St-teme%t S '$tem o5%&e& -%& b-$e& o% t+e e%*ro%me%t-3 *mp-t $t-teme%t re?5*re& 5%&er Set*o% 4 o Pre$*&e%t*-3 Deree No. 11A1, o -33 -e%*e$ -%& *%$tr5me%t-3*t*e$ o t+e %-t*o%-3 oer%me%t, *%35&*% oer%me%t7o<%e& or o%tro33e& orpor-t*o%$, -$ et -%& 5%&ert-B*% <+*+ $*%**-%t3' -et t+e ?5-3*t' o t+e e%*ro%me%t. Set*o% 4 o PD 11A1, o% t+e ot+er +-%&, pro*&e$; Environmental Impact Statements. H P5r$5-%t to t+e -boe e%5%*-te& po3**e$ -%& o-3$, -33 -e%*e$ -%& *%$tr5me%t-3*t*e$ o t+e %-t*o%-3 oer%me%t, *%35&*% oer%me%t7o<%e& or o%tro33e& orpor-t*o%$, -$ et or 5%&ert-B*% <+*+ $*%**-%t3' -et$ t+e ?5-3*t' o t+e e%*ro%me%t - &et-*3e& $t-teme%t o%H -
t+e e%*ro%me%t-3 *mp-t o t+e propo$e& -t*o%, pro>et or 5%&ert-B*%
b -%' -&er$e e%*ro%me%t-3 eet <+*+ -%%ot be -o*&e& $+o53& t+e propo$-3 be *mp3eme%te&
-3ter%-t*e to t+e propo$e& -t*o%
& - &eterm*%-t*o% t+-t t+e $+ort7term 5$e$ o t+e re$o5re$ o t+e e%*ro%me%t -re o%$*$te%t <*t+ t+e m-*%te%-%e -%& e%+-%eme%t o t+e 3o%7term pro&5t**t' o t+e $-me@ -%& e <+e%eer - propo$-3 *%o3e$ t+e 5$e o &ep3et-b3e or %o%re%e<-b3e re$o5re$, - *%&*% m5$t be m-&e t+-t $5+ 5$e -%& omm*tme%t -re <-rr-%te&. eore -% e%*ro%me%t-3 *mp-t $t-teme%t *$ *$$5e& b' - 3e-& -e%', -33 -e%*e$ +-*% >5r*$&*t*o% oer, or $pe*-3 epert*$e o%, t+e $5b>et m-tter *%o3e& $+-33 omme%t o% t+e &r-t e%*ro%me%t-3 *mp-t $t-teme%t m-&e b' t+e 3e-& -e%' <*t+*% t+*rt' =0 &-'$ rom ree*pt o t+e $-me. U%&er (rt*3e II, Set*o% 1, o t+e R53e$ -%& Re53-t*o%$ Imp3eme%t*% PD 1A86, t+e &e3-r-t*o% o ert-*% pro>et$ or -re-$ -$ e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3, -%& <+*+ $+-33 -33 <*t+*% t+e $ope o t+e E%*ro%me%t-3 Imp-t St-teme%t S'$tem, $+-33 be b' P re$*&e%t*-3 Pro3-m-t*o%, *% -or&-%e <*t+ Set*o% 4 o PD 1A86 ?5ote& -boe.
P5r$5-%t t+ereto, Pro3-m-t*o% No. 2146 <-$ *$$5e& o% Deember 14, 181, pro3-*m*% t+e o33o<*% -re-$ -%& t'pe$ o pro>et$ -$ e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3 -%& <*t+*% t+e $ope o t+e E%*ro%me%t-3 Imp-t St-teme%t S'$tem e$t-b3*$+e& 5%&er PD 1A86; A.
Environmentally Critical Projects
I.
#e-' I%&5$tr*e$
&.
-. No%7erro5$ met-3 *%&5$tr*e$ b. Iro% -%& $tee3 m*33$ . Petro3e5m -%& petro7+em*-3 *%&5$tr*e$ *%35&*% o*3 -%& -$ Sme3t*% p3-%t$
II.
Re$o5re Etr-t*e I%&5$tr*e$
b.
-. /->or m*%*% -%& ?5-rr'*% pro>et$ Fore$tr' pro>et$
6.
1. 2. =. ore$t$ 4. A. Gr-*%
.
F*$+er' Pro>et$
1.
D*Be$ orL-%& *$+po%& &ee3opme%t pro>et$
III.
I%r-$tr5t5re Pro>et$
!o*% /->or et$ I%tro&5t*o% o -5%- eot*7-%*m-3$ *% p5b3*Lpr*-te Fore$t o5p-%' Etr-t*o% o m-%roe pro&5t$
-.
&.
/->or &-m$ b. /->or poor re3-m-t*o% pro>et$ /->or ro-&$ -%& br*&e$
B.
Environmentally Critical Areas
1.
(33 -re-$ &e3-re& b' 3-< -$ %-t*o%-3 p-rB$, <-ter$+e& re$ere$, <*3&3*e pre$ere$ -%& $-%t5-r*e$@ 2. (re-$ $et -$*&e -$ -e$t+et* pote%t*-3 to5r*$t $pot$@ =. (re-$ <+*+ o%$t*t5te t+e +-b*t-t or -%' e%&-%ere& or t+re-te%e& $pe*e$ o *%&*e%o5$ P+*3*pp*%e C*3&3*e 3or- -%& -5%-@ 4. (re-$ o 5%*?5e +*$tor*, -r+-eo3o*-3, or $*e%t** *%tere$t$@
A. (re-$ <+*+ -re tr-&*t*o%-33' o5p*e& b' 53t5r-3 omm5%*t*e$ or tr*be$@ 6. (re-$ re?5e%t3' *$*te& -%&Lor +-r&7+*t b' %-t5r-3 -3-m*t*e$ eo3o* +--r&$, 3oo&$, t'p+oo%$, o3-%* -t**t', et.@ . (re-$ <*t+ r*t*-3 $3ope$@ 8. (re-$ 3-$$**e& -$ pr*me -r*53t5r-3 3-%&$@ . Re+-re& -re-$ o -?5*er$@ 10. C-ter bo&*e$ +-r-ter*e& b' o%e or -%' omb*%-t*o% o t+e o33o<*% o%&*t*o%$@ -.
.
t-ppe& or &ome$t* p5rpo$e$ b. <*t+*% t+e o%tro33e& -%&Lor protete& -re-$ &e3-re& b' -ppropr*-te -5t+or*t*e$ <+*+ $5pport <*3&3*e -%& *$+er' -t**t*e$
11.
/-%roe -re-$ +-r-ter*e& b' o%e or -%' omb*%-t*o% o t+e o33o<*% o%&*t*o%$; -. b. .
e.
<*t+ pr*m-r' pr*$t*%e -%& &e%$e 'o5% roo*%*% mo5t+ o m->or r*er $'$tem$@ %e-r or -&>-e%t to tr-&*t*o%-3 pro&5t*e r' or *$+*% ro5%&$@ &. <+*+ -t -$ %-t5r-3 b5er$ --*%$t $+ore ero$*o%, $tro% <*%&$ -%& $torm 3oo&$@ o% <+*+ peop3e -re &epe%&e%t or t+e*r 3*e3*+oo&.
12.
"or-3 ree$, +-r-ter*e& b' o%e or -%' omb*%-t*o%$ o t+e o33o<*% o%&*t*o%$;
.
-. <*t+ A0K -%& -boe 3*e or-33*%e oer@ b. $p-<%*% -%& %5r$er' ro5%&$ or *$+@ <+*+ -t -$ %-t5r-3 bre-B<-ter o o-$t3*%e$.
I% t+*$ o%%et*o%, Set*o% A o PD 1A86 epre$$3' $t-te$; Environmentally NonCritical Projects. M (33 ot+er pro>et$, 5%&ert-B*%$ -%& -re-$ %ot &e3-re& b' t+e Pre$*&e%t -$ e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3 $+-33 be o%$*&ere& -$ %o%7r*t*-3 -%& $+-33 %ot be re?5*re& to $5bm*t -% e%*ro%me%t-3 *mp-t $t-teme%t. T+e N-t*o%-3 E%*ro%me%t-3 Protet*o% "o5%*3, t+r5 t+e /*%*$tr' o #5m-% Sett3eme%t$ m-' +oet$ -%& 5%&ert-B*%$ to pro*&e -&&*t*o%-3 e%*ro%me%t-3 $-e5-r&$ -$ *t m-' &eem %ee$$-r'. T+e (rt*- Sport$ Dome *% !-%5b &oe$ %ot ome 3o$e to -%' o t+e pro>et$ or -re-$ e%5mer-te& -boe. Ne*t+er *$ *t -%-3oo5$ to -%' o t+em. It *$ 3e-r, t+ereore, t+-t t+e $-*& pro>et *$ %ot 3-$$**e& -$ e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3, or <*t+*% -% e%*ro%me%t-33' r*t*-3 -re-. "o%$e?5e%t3', t+e DENR +-$ %o +o*e b5t to *$$5e t+e "ert**-te o No%7"oer-e. It beome$ *t$ m*%*$ter*-3 &5t', t+e perorm-%e o <+*+ -% be ompe33e& b'
o m-%&-m5$ -%& &*ret*% t+e Dep-rtme%t o E%*ro%me%t -%& N-t5r-3 Re$o5re$ to *$$5e *% -or o t+e "*t' o D--o - "ert**-te o No%7"oer-e, p5r$5-%t to Pre$*&e%t*-3 Deree No. 1A86 -%& re3-te& 3-<$, *% o%%et*o% <*t+ t+e o%$tr5t*o% o t+e (rt*- Sport$ Dome, *$ (FFIR/ED. SO ORDERED. D-*&e, :r., ".:., "+-*rm-%, V*t5, -%& "-rp*o, ::., o%5r.
*[1] !ollo, pp. 7=0. **[2] I"id., pp. =174=. ***[=] I"id., p. 42. * [4] Go%-3e$ v. "+-e, 20A S"R( 816, 8=0 12@ "o%$o3*&-te& -%B -%& Tr5$t "orpor-t*o%v. "o5rt o (ppe-3$, 1= S"R( 1A8, 16 11.
[A] R(
160, Set*o% 1A. Political and Corporate Nature of #ocal $overnment %nits. Eer' 3o-3 oer%me%t 5%*t re-te& or reo%*e& 5%&er t+*$ "o&e *$ - bo&' po3*t* -%& orpor-te e%&o
[10] Ge%er-3
Ce3-re. H Eer' 3o-3 oer%me%t 5%*t $+-33 eer*$e t+e po5r*$&*t*o%$, 3o-3 oer%me%t 5%*t$ $+-33 e%$5re -%& $5pport, -mo% ot+er t+*%$, t+e pre$er-t*o% -%& e%r*+me%t o 53t5re, promote +e-3t+ -%& $-et', e%+-%e t+e r*+t o t+e peop3e to - b-3-%e& eo3o', e%o5r-e -%& $5pport t+e &ee3opme%t o -ppropr*-te -%& $e37re3*-%t $*e%t** -%& te+%o3o*-3 -p-b*3*t*e$, *mproe p5b3* mor-3$, e%+-%e eo%om* pro$per*t' -%& $o*-3 >5$t*e, promote 533 emp3o'me%t -mo% t+e*r re$*&e%t$, m-*%t-*% pe-e -%& or&er, -%& pre$ere t+e omort -%& o%e%*e%e o t+e*r *%+-b*t-%t$. *[11] P+*3*pp*%e (*r3*%e$, I%. v. N-t*o%-3 !-bor Re3-t*o%$ "omm*$$*o%, 2A S"R( 8, 6 18. **[12] Supra. ***[1=] Supra.
* [14] (&m*%*$tr-t*e "o&e o 18, Set*o% 2=. #ocal $overnment reer$ to t+e po3*t*-3 $5b&**$*o%$ e$t-b3*$+e& b' or *% -or&-%e <*t+ t+e "o%$t*t5t*o%. [1A] "**3 "o&e o t+e P+*3*pp*%e$, ooB 1, "+-pter =, (rt. 44. T+e o33o<*% -re >5r*&*-3 per$o%$; 1
T+e St-te -%& *t$ po3*t*-3 $5b&**$*o%$@
*[16] (&m*%*$tr-t*e "o&e o 18, Set*o% 2 1 $overnment of t&e !epu"lic of t&e P&ilippines reer$ to t+e orpor-te oer%me%t-3 e%t*t' t+ro5+ <+*+ t+e 5%t*o%$ o t+e oer%me%t -re eer*$e& t+ro5+o5t t+e P+*3*pp*%e, *%35&*%, $-e -$ t+e o%tr-r' -ppe-r$ rom t+e o%tet, t+e -r*o5$ -rm$ t+ro5+ <+*+ po3*t*-3 -5t+or*t' *$ m-&e eet*e *% t+e P+*3*pp*%e$, <+et+er pert-*%*% to t+e -5to%omo5$ re*o%$, t+e pro*%*-3, *t', m5%**p-3*t' or b-r-%-' $5b&**$*o%$ or ot+er orm$ o 3o-3 oer%me%t. **[1] /OF "omp-%', I%. v. E%r*?5e, G.R. No. 14280, /-' , 2002. ***[18] :-5t*% v. Peop3e o t+e P+*3*pp*%e$, G.R. No. 140604, /-r+ 6, 2002. *[1] #erbo$- v. "o5rt o (ppe-3$, G.R. No. 1108, :-%5-r' 2A, 2002.
