Legaspi v City of Cebu

Legaspi v City of Cebu G.R. No. 159110, December 10, 2013

 TOPIC: Local Local governmen Pe!!oner: "#L$NTINO L. L$G#%PI Re&'on(en&: CIT) O* C$+, T.C. -TITO %#)%ON #ND RIC#RDO /#PIT#N Pon: +er&am!n, 2 con&ol!(ae( ca&e& *#CT%  con&!!onal! an( val!(! o one or(!nance on 4e gron( o (e 'roce&& b a4or!!ng 4e !mmob!l!a!on o o6en(!ng ve4!cle& 4rog4 4e clam'!ng o !re&.  7an 28 1998  %anggn!ang Panglng&o( o Ceb  Or(!nance 1;  a4or!e 4e rane( !n Or(!nance No. ?01 -Trar& o 4e C! Trea&rer Trea&rer o Ceb C! 4rog4 4e Trar& o 4e C! Trea&rer o Ceb C! 4rog4 4e Trane o no le&& 4an T@o T@o T4o&an( Pe&o& -P2,000.00 -P2,000.00 nor more 4an *!ve T4o&an( Pe&o& -P5,000.00, or bo4 &c4 !m'r!&onmen an( >ne a 4e (!&cre!on o  4e cor.2J  7l 29, 1998  @o la@er& -a4er an( &on brog4 &! &ee=!ng 4e (eclara!on o Or(!nance No. 1;; 1;; a& ncon&!!onal or be!ng !n v!ola!on o (e 'roce&& an( or be!ng conrar o la@, an( (amage&  7aban %r  'ar=e( 4!& car !n a 'a!ng 'ar=!ng area b 4!& car @a& !mmob!l!e( aer 10 m!n& car !m'on(e( or 3 (a&, 4a( o 'a ;.2= >ne @!4o cor 4ear!ng or (e 'roce&& o rea&on @4 4e car @a& !mmob!l!e(  4a''ene( aga!n on Nov 20 @4!le car @a& 'ar=e( 'ro'erl !n a 'ar=!ng lo !n ron o 4e %an N!cola& Pa&!l mar=e, mar=e, 4a( o 'a 1,5= >ne Ba 19  7aban 7r  &ecl(e( 'lace @4ere 4ere @a& no &!gn 'ro4!b!!ng 'ar=!ng, 'a!( 1.;=

#g& 11, 1998, "alen!no Lega&'!  &e( !n RTC Ceb o (eman( 4e (el!ver o 'er&onal 'ro'er, (eclara!on o nll! o 4e Tran!&4 nloa(!ng, 4e '4one !n 4!& oc nc!on& o 4e conc!l, an( a4or!e& &c4 or(!nance& a& &4all &eem nece&&ar an( 'ro'er o 'rov!(e or 4eal4, &ae, 'ro&'er! an( conven!ence o 4e mn!c!'al! an( !& !n4ab!an&.  Or(!nance 1; ma be (eeme( a leg!!mae eerc!&e o 4e 'ol!ce 'o@er /ence, cer!orar! 'e!!on& I%%$% 1. 4e4er Or(!nance No. 1; @a& enace( @!4!n 4e amb! o 4e leg!&la!ve 'o@er& o 4e C! o Ceb  )$% 2.

4e4er Or(!nance No. 1; com'l!e( @!4 4e reK!remen& or val!(! an( con&!!onal!, 'ar!clarl 4e l!m!a!on& &e b 4e Con&!!on an( 4e relevan &ae&  )

%$/$LD /$R$*OR$, 4e Cor D$NI$% 4e 'e!!on& or rev!e@ on cer!orar! or 4e!r lac= o mer! #**IRB% 4e (ec!&!on 'romlgae( on 7ne 1, 2003 b 4e Cor o #''eal& an( ORD$R% 4e 'e!!oner& o 'a 4e co&& o &!. R#TIO  Te&& or a val!( or(!nance -ormal: 1 an( 2 &b&an!ve: 3 1. m& be @!4!n 4e cor'orae 'o@er& o 4e local governmen n! o enac 2. m& be 'a&&e( accor(!ng o 4e 'roce(re 're&cr!be( b la@, 3. m& al&o conorm o 4e ollo@!ng &b&an!ve reK!remen& 1 m& no conravene 4e Con&!!on or an &ae -2 m& no be na!r or o''re&&!ve -3 m& no be 'ar!al or (!&cr!m!naor -; m& no 'ro4!b! b ma reglae ra(e -5 m& be general an( con&!&en @!4 'bl!c 'ol!c an( - m& no be nrea&onable Com'l!ance o Or(!nance No. 1; @!4 4e ormal reK!remen&  a& 4e enacmen o Or(!nance No. 1; @!4!n 4e cor'orae 'o@er& o 4e LG o 4e C! o CebM )e&  no !&&e& @ere ra!&e( aga!n& 4e ormal!!e& o 4e enacmen o 4e or(!nance, &o com'l!ance !& 're&me(  Congre&& enace( 4e LGC a& 4e !m'lemen!ng la@ or 4e (elega!on o 4e var!o& LG& o 4e %ae& grea 'o@er&, namel: 4e 'ol!ce 'o@er, 4e 'o@er o em!nen (oma!n, an( 4e 'o@er o aa!on, b @!4 'arameer& an( l!m!a!on&  'ol!ce 'o@er canno be eerc!&e( b an gro' or bo( o !n(!v!(al& no 'o&&e&&!ng leg!&la!ve 'o@er. T4e Na!onal Leg!&lare, 4o@ever, ma (elegae 4!& 'o@er o 4e Pre&!(en an( a(m!n!&ra!ve boar(& a& @ell a& 4e la@ma=!ng bo(!e& o mn!c!'al cor'ora!on& or local governmen n!&. LGC %ec!on ;5?. Po@er&, D!e&, *nc!on& an( Com'o&!!on.  -a T4e &anggn!ang 'anlng&o(, a& 4e leg!&la!ve bo( o 4e c!, &4all enac or(!nance&, a''rove re&ol!on& an( a''ro'r!ae n(& or 4e general @elare o 4e c! an( !& !n4ab!an& 'r&an o %ec!on 1 o 4!& Co(e an( !n 4e 'ro'er eerc!&e o 4e cor'orae 'o@er& o 4e c! a& 'rov!(e( or n(er %ec!on 22 o 4!& Co(e, an( &4all: -5 #''rove or(!nance& @4!c4 &4all en&re 4e e
reglae 4e '!ng ' o &!gn&, &!gn'o&&, a@n!ng& an( a@n!ng 'o&& on 4e &ree& an( 'rov!(e or 4e l!g4!ng, clean!ng an( &'r!n=l!ng o &ree& an( 'bl!c 'lace& -v! Reglae rar& &b&an!ve reK!remen or a val!( or(!nance !& 4e a(4erence o 4e con&!!onal garan o (e 'roce&& o la@.  2 kinds of due process 1. procedural due process   'roce(re& 4a 4e governmen m& ollo@ beore ! (e'r!ve& a 'er&on o l!e, l!ber, or 'ro'er  no!ce& an( 4ear!ng& 2. substantive due process  a(eKae rea&on or a=!ng a@a a 'er&on& l!e, l!ber, or 'ro'er. In o4er @or(&, &b&an!ve (e 'roce&& loo=& o @4e4er 4ere !& &ca!on or 4e governmen& ac!on.  Or(!nance No. 1; me 4e &b&an!ve e&& o val!(! an( con&!!onal! b !& conorm! @!4 4e l!m!a!on& n(er 4e Con&!!on an( 4e &ae&, a& @ell a& @!4 4e reK!remen& o a!rne&& an( rea&on, an( !& con&!&enc @!4 'bl!c 'ol!c.  erm& encroac4men an( ob&acle& &e( !n %ec!on ;5? o 4e LGC, &'ra, @ere broa( enog4 o !ncl(e !llegall 'ar=e( ve4!cle& or @4aever el&e ob&rce( 4e &ree&, alle& an( &!(e@al=& 

 Pe!!oner& &a 4a 4e @ere no accor(e( 4e o''orn! o 'roe& 4e clam'!ng, o@!ng, an( !m'on(!ng o 4e ve4!cle&, or even o be 4ear( an( o e'la!n 4e!r &!(e 'r!or o 4e !mmob!l!a!on o 4e!r ve4!cle& an( 4a 4e or(!nance @a& o''re&&!ve an( arb!rar or 4a rea&on.  an ve4!cle o@ner ma 'roe& &c4 ac!on o a rane  none o 4e 'e!!oner& re&ore( o 4!&  (!( no (!m!n!&4 4e a!rne&& an( rea&onablene&& o 4e e&ca'e cla&e @r!en !n 4e or(!nance.  4e !mmob!l!a!on o a ve4!cle b clam'!ng 'r&an o 4e or(!nance @a& no nece&&ar ! 4e (r!ver or ve4!cle o@ner @a& aron( a 4e !me o 4e a''re4en&!on. In 4a &!a!on, 4e enorcer @ol( &!m'l e!4er reK!re 4e (r!ver o move 4e ve4!cle or !&&e a ra