FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL LIC. EN INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA INDUSTRIAL LABORATORIO DE FÍSICA
GRUPO 1MI121 (B) PROFESOR: INFORME #3 “REGIONES EQUIPOTENCIALES DE UN CAMPO ELÉTRICO
FEC!A DE ENTREGA: " DE MAO DE 2$1%
INFORME DE LABORATORIO #3
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TEMA: REGIONES EQUIPOTENCIALES DE UN CAMPO ELÉTRICO.
OB&ETI'OS •
• •
Comprobar la existencia de campo eléctrico entre dos electrodos polarizados mediante el uso del multímetro digital. Dibujar las líneas equipotenciales de un campo eléctrico. Dibujar las líneas de un campo eléctrico.
INTRODUCCIN AL TEMA En el presente laboratorio trataremos sobre la región equipotencial de un campo eléctrico, que viene a ser un área en donde el campo eléctr eléctrico ico perman permanece ece consta constante nte por la inuen inuencia cia de dos polos polos que generan generan dic!a dic!a regió región. n. Este Este proces proceso o lo prese presenta ntare remos mos median mediante te la util utiliz izac ació ión n de un pape papell elec electr trón ónico ico que que nos nos perm permit ite e obse observ rvar ar " plasmar en papel el comportamiento de un campo eléctrico en dic!a regi región ón,, dic! dic!a a expe experi rien enci cia a ase ase real realizo izo tres tres vece veces s con con tres tres polo polos s distintos . El primero lo realizaremos con los polos #rapa$#rapa, en el segundo se procederá con una grapa " una barra metálica %aquí se podrá observar que el campo eléctrico genera un voltaje más alto en la placa por ser de ma"or volumen que la grapa&, " como 'ltimo intento se !ace con un par de barras metálicas. Estos tres procesos nos dan como resultado tres experiencias distintas que serán tratadas durante el desarrollo del laboratorio.
C*+,-*/,0+/ - /-*4+0-/ E506,-7+08-/ E506,-7+08-/ •
•
•
(as super)cies equipotenciales son perpendiculares a las líneas de *uerza del campo eléctrico en todo punto. (as líneas de *uerza son tangentes a la dirección del campo eléctrico.
(as líneas de *uerza salen de las cargas positivas " entran en las cargas negativas.
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ANÁLISIS INDAGATORIO 1. 9Q *-*-/-7 *-*-/-7, , 7 *-;0<7 -506, -506,-7+0 -7+08= 8= -. na región equipotencial describe el lugar geométrico de los puntos de un campo donde el potencial eléctrico tiene un valor constante. Estas super)cies son tridimensionales, pero aquí las trataremos en un plano " por consecuente !ablaremos de líneas equipotenciales.
2. 9Q *-8+0<7 *-8+0<7 ->0/,->0/,- -7,*- 7 *-;0<7 *-;0<7 -506,-7+0 -506,-7+08 8 ? 8/ 87-/ - @-* - 7 0/6 +6 -8+,*0+6= -. Estas líneas son en cualquier punto perpendiculares a la línea línea de campo campo,, además además,, sobre sobre estas estas líneas líneas el poten potencia ciall de campo es el mismo. /l trazar líneas equipotenciales debemos tener en cuenta que0 (as líneas de campo eléctrico son perpendiculares a las líneas equipotenciales " se1alan desde las regiones de potencial alto !acia las regiones de potencial más bajo. El n'mero de líneas de campo eléctrico asociadas con una dis distrib tribu ució ción de carga argas s debe debe ser pro propor porcio cional nal a la magnitud de la carga. (as líneas de campo eléctrico no pueden cruzarse. •
•
•
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ANÁLISIS RECOMENDACIONES RECOMENDACIONES R-+6-7+067-/
ener ener prec precau auci ción ón al mome moment nto o de de !ac !acer er la medi medici ción ón o lec lectu tura ra para evitar los errores en los cálculos. = /l mome moment nto o de de lee leerr el el vol volta taje je aseg asegur urar arse se de loca locali liza zarr bie bien n los los puntos para no tener errores. errores.
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.
E8 6,-7+08 -8+,*0+6: en un punto, es el trabajo que debe
realizar un campo electrostático para mover una carga positiva desde dic!o punto !asta el punto de re*erencia, dividido por unidad de carga de prueba. Dic!o de otra *orma, es el trabajo que debe realizar una *uerza externa para traer una carga positiva unitaria q desde el punto de re*erencia !asta el punto considerado en contra de la *uerza eléctrica a velocidad constante. ?atemáticamente se expresa por0
%.
E8-+,*66: es un conductor eléctrico utilizado para !acer
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