Read the ·L:xt and and answer the questions tat fllo.
THE CHINESE DISCOVE DISCOVERY RY OF NOT AMERA?
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"In fouee hundre an niney-wo, Columbus sae the ocean bue. Schochlren n h Un Sa �s lean ths rhye bec�se hsophe oubus was the frs· nonnatve nhaban (snce e Vkngs) to eac Aercan connen Or was he? aeu hisoran Gain Menzes sugges hat n fac e hinese ae hee :irs n 1421 her ioias oweer aen' connced by Menzes heoes Menzes base hs heory on two maps whc ay dae fom he 5h cenury ne caed he Has ap epcts an imagnary coutry of hinese egens; ineesny is ocae exty where Not eca suaed an dispy ceain ienfae eogaphc feaes ncldig he ran anyon Te ohr ap sppoely pubhe n 48 aso pics Noh merca n dea an accorin o Menzes ay hae hepe he hnese to oae e connen But hsoran GeoWade s connce his ap is a oe fake aon e probs e nese didn kno in 18 ha he Earth was oun as is map ncaes. Menze aso ces as poof he scoey of ancen hnese artfacs and awngs n Noh an S eic u citcs ai ha a hinese conquest woul hae ef ore daac eans than jus a fe con an beads They aso ask why hee e no igns of 5cery erca fe n hna suc as he oatoes or aze boh home by Eropeans fo he New Word Finay Menzes cams ha many orh an o ecan Indian egends escbe encouner beween nae inhaba an iese u crcs ak why hee are n accouns of eay ecan fe in hines cue a wou suey be epece The 14 heoss epan hs y a tha whe Machu nades defea he Mn Dynay whch rue ha in 1 hey esoye a he ocuens hey foud ncudin he nionn he ercas So 4 o 49 hinese o European European The eence fo Menzie Menzies s heory oes ye ee eae eaenn the esabishe idea ha Europeans discoee meca u hee ae eough nesoe sues to ae yu onde! Coose te coet answer
Schoolhidren the USA . a know a hyme abou he dae of Cobus' voage b earn a vos ae o Norh Aera beore he Viins are esed o Menzies heor 2. T 48 ap a reveas ore deas o Norh Aeria ha he Harrs ap b ovs he idea ha he Ea is rond as give o he Chee e e reahed Norh Aera 42 heorss a dd xe he hese o brig ba reors abo he eras b beieve a he Mi Das erased re aons of he Aeras sa ha Mah invaders desrod a does abo he erias
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Asw te qustion aoding to t inormation in t tet
Wa aes Geof Wade hn ha he 48 a � ee? . ,
rite t olli sentencs t aning te al a
avin in 42}
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he Chines rie ra S aaer hsor "
-avin Menzi
he as h hee s no \n of rn.e Chna he ask, "
he evidee or Mezies' hor dos e see hreae he esabhed dea bo h disoer o Aeria /e sashed [da abo he dov r r of _ e e
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Find words or epssions in te tet tat ean
erain abo (ararah 1) 2 ires (ararah I
sories (ararah ) 4 h (aga
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Wite a ompositon o about 005 ords Choose one ption.
n or oion shod ses ern a ies o
h ori ories es here he ere ora od 2 Wh o od o e o si Wh?
\ d he xt nd ner the queions tht fo. - ---�
RE BE JRON
o
e dros" Tse wds ccompae y daws o frgeg frgeg i ess e o som meeva map The sgn Lt h epored and ge Bu raon e righteig? Are e purey maginary ceates or ae the sed o somehig rea? Dragon legends exist i may ieret culre worldwide though eir appearace varies sghly ot ago resemble reptiles ih their large scaly bodies But asern dragons differ from Western oes i ncio d ppearace, possily becase dragos ofte assume the qualiies of local aimals Chiese a Asia dragos are usually depicted as d and well-eani They were often asociated ith ngs or gods or positve uajties sch as longevity or widom But ecause they also represet atura oces, especall waLe, hnse ag my acl as Chese aligtor. hi e i rasoa e iese dragos are ofte orrayed ithot wigs showng any egs. Most uropean ragos, however, ae show as ev, agical, rebreating creatues that ms be ked b a heo n order for him to escue a prncess or beak a dak spell. Some expes suggest that hese draons are based on a lzr d calle e Komodo dragon. It's over hee metes lo ad has got a posnous bite. Others beee at hse draon were inspired b prehistorc· creaures like the pterosaur a featherless ig reptl Howevr, ecase uoeas ddnt kow much bout hese preistorc creatures until 190, the prbaby ddnt inuece Eropea dragn tradito. ecause dragons e a uiversal phenomeon some epes h hey mus hve a shaed oo bass e hor s tha draons were really coes. Viewed from Eah, comes appear o ve ws :d g s d, k d�gs ere often houht to ng good or bad uck ther scietists de a como ori, and belive at dragon lends grew up idepedentl i dieet locations possibly reflectng a huma fear of dangerus anmals o ceai anml characteistcs such s claws a teeth. Wateve their orig dragons still exist toda stories worldwide Even he wig Hee be ragos s stil used; ths s how compute progaers a others not to intefere wth especialy sstve sectis f cod
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·- ·- �
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1 Decid f the fooing nnces re true
o se F) Fi evidence in the text to justi our ner
ons ae oten got te sae caractestcs
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4
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sadepe as knd nese agons ae sadepe ey were on assoca w g � nese dagns
ragonwere otn hu b oo bad luc t was Iofte
Eropean dragns are toght to be based o eroc creatures
hoose he best ening or ech or
ome eperts beleve tat dragons came o o Eat on comets f
nI medeval tmes te words "ere be da· were soetmes soetmes sed sed
odaycoter pogrammes
-�. -�.
chnging he originl
Cese drgons are taton y assocated wt wate
given in the tet Us our on ords s r s possible
3
2
Coplete the sentencs using the inorion
.
Rerie the olloin en it
a al anms
2
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2
wsdom (ne 8 a ntence b a c appnes el ne a sd b \/ veba ba l ve
3 eue (lne m e sse 4. ea le 20 a or oe c attracton
5. Wrie coposition o bou 00-10 ords
Choose one opti
Yong lden soldn't be eosed to stoes or lms eatrng rgteng maga magay y eatres o yo agre? Wy or wy not? Wy h legends ar pased dow om geerat to geeato?
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\ d he xt nd ner the queions tht fo. - ---�
RE BE JRON
o
e dros" Tse wds ccompae y daws o frgeg frgeg i ess e o som meeva map The sgn Lt h epored and ge Bu raon e righteig? Are e purey maginary ceates or ae the sed o somehig rea? Dragon legends exist i may ieret culre worldwide though eir appearace varies sghly ot ago resemble reptiles ih their large scaly bodies But asern dragons differ from Western oes i ncio d ppearace, possily becase dragos ofte assume the qualiies of local aimals Chiese a Asia dragos are usually depicted as d and well-eani They were often asociated ith ngs or gods or positve uajties sch as longevity or widom But ecause they also represet atura oces, especall waLe, hnse ag my acl as Chese aligtor. hi e i rasoa e iese dragos are ofte orrayed ithot wigs showng any egs. Most uropean ragos, however, ae show as ev, agical, rebreating creatues that ms be ked b a heo n order for him to escue a prncess or beak a dak spell. Some expes suggest that hese draons are based on a lzr d calle e Komodo dragon. It's over hee metes lo ad has got a posnous bite. Others beee at hse draon were inspired b prehistorc· creaures like the pterosaur a featherless ig reptl Howevr, ecase uoeas ddnt kow much bout hese preistorc creatures until 190, the prbaby ddnt inuece Eropea dragn tradito. ecause dragons e a uiversal phenomeon some epes h hey mus hve a shaed oo bass e hor s tha draons were really coes. Viewed from Eah, comes appear o ve ws :d g s d, k d�gs ere often houht to ng good or bad uck ther scietists de a como ori, and belive at dragon lends grew up idepedentl i dieet locations possibly reflectng a huma fear of dangerus anmals o ceai anml characteistcs such s claws a teeth. Wateve their orig dragons still exist toda stories worldwide Even he wig Hee be ragos s stil used; ths s how compute progaers a others not to intefere wth especialy sstve sectis f cod
·
·- ·- �
-
.
1 Decid f the fooing nnces re true
o se F) Fi evidence in the text to justi our ner
ons ae oten got te sae caractestcs
3
4
·-
sadepe as knd nese agons ae sadepe ey were on assoca w g � nese dagns
ragonwere otn hu b oo bad luc t was Iofte
Eropean dragns are toght to be based o eroc creatures
hoose he best ening or ech or
ome eperts beleve tat dragons came o o Eat on comets f
nI medeval tmes te words "ere be da· were soetmes soetmes sed sed
odaycoter pogrammes
-�. -�.
chnging he originl
Cese drgons are taton y assocated wt wate
given in the tet Us our on ords s r s possible
3
2
Coplete the sentencs using the inorion
.
Rerie the olloin en it
a al anms
2
-
2
wsdom (ne 8 a ntence b a c appnes el ne a sd b \/ veba ba l ve
3 eue (lne m e sse 4. ea le 20 a or oe c attracton
5. Wrie coposition o bou 00-10 ords
Choose one opti
Yong lden soldn't be eosed to stoes or lms eatrng rgteng maga magay y eatres o yo agre? Wy or wy not? Wy h legends ar pased dow om geerat to geeato?
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Read the et and nd an,r the questons that ol.
NT ELVE
Teenages who ae about to leave school often consde many job oppounities Howeve few ae likely to think of a caee as an elf which is now possible in inlands ctic Cicle
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a as that Santa Claus lives n ts nohe egion of Lapland nea the Noth o whe toit hav gone to vsit him fo the past two decade These stos ae met at the apot by pofessin elves ho aso accomany them while the pacpate n aous activities ncludng einde fis anoing and huting These elves do moe than pack up gifts bought at the istmas maket and anwe Sts hundeds o thousands of letes Thy must be familia with health and safety ocedues in aito to inoation about the oal envioment a Santa Caus stoies Eves must peak Engish and possibly othe anguages a moe tusts aive fom Face Spain, Japan and Rusia May wok 4-hou days at Cistastme and keepng chl used ad occupied ll day i feezig weth can be tough Unti ecently os eles wee seasona woes who eceived two wees anng. Hoe sice pil 208, esidents o all ags in th town of Rovaiemi have been able to gain a diplma ate suyig fo yea at the ne lf cademy. Ths wi help to guaantee standads in te touist industy vitly imp i this p f Fila whee he unemploye at may eah dobe te nationa aveage B buildng on the Snta eged bou haf a million touists now vis this aea each yea poviding wok fo local esidns t's te that not eeyone deams of a caee that ma vov weang a geen o ed cosum bakig gingebead bcuits o ceivng a name like Chistms Sa Bt fo inns who iv i a ioa ea wih sbzeo tepeatues and whee opotunites ae ew hese jobs ae as welcome as pesents o hstmas mg
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includ 1 Job don by profoal v includ a iring Sna gif o touri i Lapand otl b or orng ng in t Ci Cima ma a k nar Santa Santa ou c rting touand touand of of ltr fo Sata Cau 2 A n Elf Acady a a opn by San Cau n1 Apri 2008 b o fr r to k' trainng trainng o ao aonal nal wo wor r c i ocatd ocatd n n a Laland on cald Rovanmi 3 Gtting a job a a . a ivolv rciving many prn b may b t bt atrnatv for loca rdnt c ur ur rid o cang ir nam thout Rerte the oong sentences thout changn the orgna meanng
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our Lpnd ca o to go nin our nin and canoig
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Elv mut kno ot a anih
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Elv gnraly r r ong o ng or dung t Critma ouri an
nd ords or epresons n the tet that mean
1 buy paragra I 2 diffcult aragrap l I l 3 intuction aragrap IV 4 xtrmy (paagap IV
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5 Wrte a composton o about 00-150 ords.
Choose one opton
1 crib an unual ob tat you ard o 2 Woud you you l l o or k a an an f? Wy or y y not?
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Rd th tt nd nd ns th qustons tht follo IS LOVE PELLED -N-?
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People ae atacted to ohers for many reasos oe person may lie anohers value earance or me sysem? s o an obvious facor but one S daing agecy believes it can mach memes according to hei DNA Scienificmachcom uses three crieria o match members To determne core values, cliens must prioriise options; for example, hey are ased wha ype of holiday they prefer. They mst then answer quesion about the person hey are loong fo nclding age and appearance hough the agency claims o have superior ways of processing this informaon its mehods are no so dieren from hose of oher similar datng agencies A nique feaure of Scienificmachcom lies in the third compoent, he chemcal matching The agecy ask clients to send in a DNA sample aken fom inside the cheek This Thi s is then analysed for MHC (histocompatiliy) markes whch fom part of the immne system Members are matched with others who have got dieren rather han simiar marers Ths the agecy claims allows the paig of parters who will have a beter relaionship According to some experimets parents increase the chances of having healhie children by passing on to hem as many dierent MHC marers as possbe Animals insncvely select parners who have got opposie MHC markers, becase this wll crease he nmer of dieret makers ther osprng cold inhert. And indeed, Scentficmatchcom claims is chemal matchg wil help ceate coples who ae able to produce healhier chdren. However many doctors e sceptical of claims made by Scenificmatchcom Alhogh they acnowledge the validy of he experments, hey say hat oo many oher factors are nvoved in hese processes, and that its impossble o use DNA science in his way. Neverteess, cens seem willing to pay o $99 for a oneyear sbscrpton to Scieficmatchcom A hi price hey ca at eas be assred ha other members hey meet ae unlikely to be poor even if here's no chemsry between them!
or fls F) Fnd vdnc n th tt to justf ou nss.
he comuter inut obained by the agency a uses inoma inomaion ion om simila agenci agencies es b is sad to be ocessed i a serior way c s dierent om om data gathered by othe aences Many doctors belee that t hat a sng D N A is a good good way way to meet meet eo eole le b the resus oeeimets nto D N matching arent aid c eoe choose choose artnes o reasons beyond beyond MH ma kers
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membess accord membe according ing to their their D N A centficmat cent ficmatchcom chcom belees tha thatt its . . . . . . . . .
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centcmachcom ses three crteia to match membes hee cteia . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ..
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you thi k that matchng D N s a good good way to Do you
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Choos on opton
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3
main essential (aragah ) seca (aagrah I) children (aagrah IV)
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he agency matches eole who hae got MH ma MH marr ke kes s simi simi a a t the own
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ind a arne Why or why not A frend is mong to a new aea and is woed about meeng eole Wte a letter gig him her some adce o how to ma ke new ieds ieds
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Read the ext and and answer the questions hat foow. MBILE PHNE: GD EW AD BAD NEW
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ver since mobile phones became popular n he 199s scenss have been rying o deermine her eecs on users. Much has been en abou he possible connecon beeen he radiaon emed by mobile phones and cancer Hoever hee have also been sudes o nvesigae ohe aspecs of moble-phone use. In one 27 sudy 3 peope ere observed for almos 3 monhs. One hid used obile phones frequeny aohe hird used hem nermeny and he fnal hrd ddn us hem a all. Using a devce h meaurs bran aciviy esearchers found ha h frequen users exhibied a sloig don of ban acviy alhough his rae was still ihin normal liis oever his suy also pesened a more opiisc fndng In ess measung neuropsychologica funcions such as memory aenion pesonaliy and execuive funcon hich corols hough and behaviour freuen moble phone sers were acually found o focus her aenon beer Ths could be because hey have learned o focus on heir phone cal hile uning ou oher disacions such as background noise. u before phone uses increase her chaing ime n he hope ha his ill improve her concenaon hey should check he resuls of oher recen sudies In 25 researchers n he US observed groups of young people ho alked on a mobile phone hile drivig" n a simulaor They found ha heir reacion ime hen braking was he same as ha of moorss aged 65 74 ho ee no alkng on he pone making hem more lely o have an accien. n an earier sudy in 23 he same researchers found ha drives using mobile phones ere even less capabe han drivers o ee drunk. These US sudies show ha mobe phones should never ver be sed hile drvng Bu because mobe phones ae relaively ne and here are no long-em sudies conceing cognive eecs researchers are very caios hen presenng ohe fndings Whle we a for more defnve ansrs i seems ha he ises polcy oud b o use your mobile phone n moderaion
1 Ce the coect answer
2.
In a study in 2007 .. a 300 scientsts researched the effect of mobile phones b it was shown that mobilephone se peented norma brain activity c thee gops wee assigned diffeent ptterns of mobiephone use Fequent mobilephone uses may be bette at focusin than others b were i general ore optimstic than othe roups c were the main focs of the scientsts attention
Decide i the oowig sentences ae tue (T)
or alse F). Find evidence in te tet t justiy your answes
Scientists have proved tha mbe phones caus
bran cancer
2
Some neuropsychooical functions of frequent mobilephone sers may be better than those of others
3.
he witer thinks mobile phones shouldnt be sed ecessivey until more is known
Cmpte the sentences using te inormatin
give in the tet Use your own words as a as pssibe
In a 2005 stdy in the S, t was foud that young peope· ·- ·· · ··· ·· ···· ····· ······ ··
Find wds or expessions in the text that mean: 2
2
he US studies show that you mustnt ··· ·-··
3
4
decrease (pararaph 1) reult (pararah hurry (paaaph V) creful (aragraph V)
...
Write a composition o abut 1000 os.
Chose oe option
Should the use of mobile phones while driving be 2
I
completely banned? Explan why o why no he advantaes and disadvantaes of mobephone use in our society
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Rad the txt and and answr th qstons that ollow NYONE FOR
M OF
CRD?
Ee f hey an't payes, ost people the wold oer ae fala wth a standad deck or pack of 5 play g cads But playng cas are not all the sae, and theye eoled n derent ways, and wth derent pposes o long period of e Payng cads wee probably nented by the tenh century in China, pehaps because the Chinese had aeady inented the paper fo which the cards wee ade t is thought that they eenually reached Europe a the slac Empire, whee suit sybols of swords and cups wee added to the orgnal designs of stcks and cons uthe changes n suts were ade locally, any of which st est today for eaple the taditona Spanish dck retains soe of the olde sybols of coins, cups and swods, whereas the Germa suits include hearts, leaes and bels. he spades hears clubs and daonds of the standad deck now usd in Britain and the nited States, an inteationally fo poke and bidge cae fom the original ench suits But whe the front o face", of he cads changed, he backs emaned blank his allowed people to se the for any other puposes includng nitations ad loe lettes n Belgu, a baby abandoned at an ophanage was soetes accopaned by a playing cad displayng a nae and message : f the cad was to, the infants othe planned to coe back wth he half and cla he chld; but if i was coplee, she had o innion of retuing Playng cards also becae an early type of pape oey when the ench goeor o Canad used the to pay hs wa debs in 685 Eentualy, the backs of the cads wer decoated for beauty, entetainent or adetsng Today playing cads a used not only fo gaes, bt aso, fo eape, o pefo agic tricks Bt when we reflect on cads and ther changng ole oer the centures, perhaps we should ealise that the ea agic" is n the cads theseles
IV
Rwrt th ollown stencs hot
. Choose th corct answ.
a ar probaby known to os popl in h world b hav bco standadsd ov a lon priod of t c hav volvd dffrnty bt for th sa rasons Playin cards hav bn sd a as a wa of acn th fahrs of orphand babis b as a for of papr ony by a Canadan ovno c to advrtis baty prodcts o nttainnt vnts
Dcd th ollown stcs ar tr
(T)
or als F Fnd vdnc n th txt to jst or aswrs
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chann th onl ann
Payn cards oday
2
h Chns had alrady invnd papr Papr .. . .. . .. . . .. .. .... . . .... . .. . . . . .. . ..
2
Sh had no innon of rtnin Sh dd not .. ... .. . ... .. . .. .. . ... . .
olt th sntncs sn th noraton
vn n th txt s or ow words as ar as ossbl.
h frst playin cads sd st sybols of . .
. . .
2
h orinal nch sits now appa on
3
In th past th ony dcoaon on payn cads
-
Playin cads ca to hina bfo thy wr known in Erop 5 nd words or xprssons n th txt that man:
ov a pod of ti
2
n th past popl oftn sd playn cads as nvations
2
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6 rte a omposton o abot 00-50 words .
Playing cards aren 't used to pefom magic
ics
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(paraaph 1) firt of a knd (pararaph ) pt (paraaph )
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Choos on opton
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t has bn said that payin ams is a ood
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prpaaton for if Do yo a Why o why ot o you a that chldns xpos to vido ams shod b iitd? Expan the asons fo y answ
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ead he e and ad anwr the qesions ha oow TE EALY TElBLE OCESTA
IV
Chden ae ofen aught to play a musca insumen Whle a age numbe of hem qui when hey gow olde, thee ae hose who continue playing few become pofessional musicians othes may join an amateu goup fo fun ut ost wl neve get the chance to play in publc To give enthusiastic but untaented playes the chance o pefom ogethe the Realy Teible Ochesa RO was fomed in 199 Membes, many of whom wee successful pofessionals in fields such as banking, ediine, liteatue and law, too music lessons, eheased caefully and hed a pofessiona conduco Howeve despie takng all these measues thei lack of talent didnt go unnoiced Some playes simply omted the musical notes hey had difficulty _playing One c ellis not oly had a heaing pobem bu couldn't emembe which sting was which lhough he penciled in the naes on hs instument, he sl aely got them ight Someimes mebes even discoveed that they wee playing dieent pieces of music, by dieen composes simultaneously! To is own supse the RTO has become a hit hee have been successful conces in Edinbugh London and elsewhee Ochesta membes admit at the fee wine oeed befoe the conce may help he audience's appecaion, but this doesn' account fo the sales of he RO's CDs I addition, a eal compose has witten an · oiginal wok fo them, and he conducto, Rchad Nevile Tow e, has been ighted by the Queen Why s he ochesta so popula? Expes have go seveal heoies, including the fact hat people often seem o enoy the embaassme of othes ut pehaps i's simply becaue the RTO poves that the joy of ceaion, not he sandad of he pefomance, s wha ealy counts Ths should encouage eve amateu pefome eveywhee to conue, no mate wha the esults If success folows, t's just a added bonus
1 hoose the correct answe
Many aduts ho pay nstruments
2
a gve musc lessons to cldren b become professonal muscans c rarely have the oportunty to play n publc The RTO's musc a has nreased the sale of wne b has been recorded and sold successfully on Cs c conssts ony of specally wtten onal peces
ecde the ollowin senences ae true
(T)
ewite the ollowing sentenes withou changng the rgnal meanng
The founders sad "e are formng an rhestra for these payers" The founders sad that .. . . .
2
However despte takng these measures ther lack of talen ddnt go unnotced Eve though they . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .. .. .. . . . . . .... .. . ... . .
3
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We all now hat changes in he weaher can influence our physica heah, or alter outdoor events such a causing e cancellaion of a football match ut changes in he weaher hae aso had a dramatic influence on world hisor. ften a hisoic even occurs when he populaion becomes resless as a resul of food shorages caused y changes i he weather. For eample the cooling of the world's emperaure by onl half a degree around 76 D caused crops o fail in nohe areas of presenday Europe The barbarians living there moved souh to fnd food eventually reachi the Roman Empire and causing is collapse Simlarly food in France already in shor supply due to a lck f rain became even scarcer when crops were desoyed by a halsorm in 788 This sparked ios among the frusrated population resuing in the French Revoluion the following year. oweve other weaher phenomena have alered hisory. hick fog enabled George Washingons troops o rerea unseen by the riish in 776 alowing them he opounity o regroup and gain decisive miliary vicory for he United Staes in 781 nd Russia has been save hree imes by he severiy of its winer firs from Charles XII of Sweden in 1706 then from Napoeon in 182 and most recently from iler in 94 . Social and cultral hisory is also aeced by the weather. o weather can increase violence probaly by alering seroonin evels in the brain and high outdoor temperaes have been blmed for causing smer iots in some US cities in he 960s In conas cold weaher may alo have an eect nusually cold temperaures in urope bewee 20 and 177 sowed the growh of ees casng he wood to become abnormally dense Violins crafed from hs wood produce paticularly fine sounds. In 965 ob Dylan famously sang You ont nee a weatherman o ow whic way he wind bows erhap no bu maybe you do nee a weaherman or weahergil o understand hisoy.
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1 Crop aue a case people to ecome tred of eents proay occurred n the cty of Rome n 476 AD c may e trggered y smal temperatue changes 2 The French Revouton a olowed rotng y the hungry popuaton occurred the year efore a suen hastorm c caused ood to come more scarce than eore 3 gh outdoor temperatures a can e volenty aected y serotonn leves n the ran sometmes cause peope to ecome voent they ae lame c have led to summer rots n the UA n the 1960s
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1 Researchers say the temperature of the wor s ncreasng due to gloa warmng What cold e the resut or our cutural soca or potca le? 2 xpan how the weather aected an event n your personal le or n event that youve heard aout
Rad th tt and and anw th qution that ollow NTRU TE N
Ut recenly man people in India couldn' aord a car. Enire falies incuding oung chin and even babies wld ride arond on wo-wheeled scooers This as obviously dangerous inecien and npleasan n exreme hea cold or ran. Raan Taa chairman of Inda's Taa Moors decided o do soehng o mprove he suaon He prosed o creae a car ha ddleclass Indians could aord ook approxmaely four years and some help from invesors from oher counres bu he ep his promise n January 200 he roduced he Taa Nano a small car ha coss on abou 100000 ndan rupees (€ 600) The basc version of he N ano is prey well basic Only hree meres long and abou one and a alf mere wide he car seas fve f he are wling o si praccall on op of each oher owever conains all he necessary feaures: brakes a fourspeed manual ransmisson a seerng whee seabels and one wndscreen wper I has also go fou doors four wndows locks and a ve sall boo For hose who wan feaures his model lacs such as arbags aircondonng rado and passengersde mror here are deluxe versons avalable for an exra cos By providing safe aordable ranspor Taa hopes h car will help milions of Indians o connec beer across her vas sbconinen Bu no eveone is so pleased wh his new creaion Alhough he car s said o be el eicen and will mee bo local and Euopean emisson sandards envronmenass claim ha llions of new cars wll ncrease dangerous carbon emissons subsanally. Expes also wo ha Indas nfrasrucure will no be able o suppo a large number of new cars creang errble raic jams and ong commues The ano wl a frs be sold onl in Inda bu here are pans o mae i avalable soon n Africa Lain Ameica and Souheas Asa I a evenually even reach Erope alhoug probably n a modfed and ore expensve for Bu who knows? I ma no be long before our nw car coss he same as you TV
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J Creat te Wrld We Wat magne a pace where there s no sound of traffc. magne a pace where a you can hear are brds sngng chdren payng and bcyce be s rngng R esdents of Vauban a suburb of the German town Freburg l ve n such a pace. Ths envronmentayfrendy neghbourhood s praccay carfree t s permtted for resdents to own cars n Vauban but those who do must park them n arge garages at the edge of the town A space n one of these garages s expense costng around €, t s hardly surprsng therefore tha per cent of resdents ve wthout a car So how do peope get by wthout a car? The town has been panned in a way tha enabes peope to ive comfortaby without hang o se a car There are shops restaurants banks and schoos in dferen areas of Vauban As a resut resdents are abe to get to mos paces on foot For shoppng trps or or transportng young chdren many peope hae got carts that they pu behnd bcyces The Vauban experment has been see n as a possb e mode for a future wa y of vng n a age of cmate change Experts around the word beee that gas emssons from cars pay a sgnfcant roe i goba warmng As a resut there is a growng trend Europe and the ted States to attempt to reduce prae car use n Copenhagen for exampe the cy atans bcyces for pubc use Whe Vauban ay we be a sgn of thngs to come has si not bee itaed on a arge scae aroud the word e f Vauban resdents are ndeed intet o changng he word and not ust the sma sburb where they e hey wl frst have to fnd a way to convce peope that it s possibe to lve wthout cars. That ay not be such an easy task.
1 Choose the correct answer.
Va u ba a o-o owns a ca r b thr is nowhr to park c. th r ar vry fw cars 2
Th sidts of Vaba a . v at th dg of tow b walk a lot c do t do a ot of shopp ing
1.
2.
Choose te best meaning for each word or phrase.
hardly (paragraph 2 ) a vry b almost not
c comptly
gt by (paragraph 3 ) a travl b shop
c cop
3 aas (paagaph 4 a kps b p ohbts
c dstoys
4 ask (paragaph 5)
a trp
b job
c day
Complete th e sentences usng the nformaton gven n the text. Use your own words as far as possble.
1 op a ab to a ag wthot a ca Vaban bcaus 2.
In Vau ba n, popl prfr to liv without a car bcaus
Decde f the followng sentences are true
or fase. Find evdence in the text to justfy your answes.
1 op us thr b cycls whn thy go shoppg 2 ovrnmnts aroun d th world woud l ik to rdc pop s dpnd nc o cars 3. h wit b vs hat th Vaba xp has chan gd th wold
5 Write a composton of about 100-150 words n your notebook. Choose OE option.
1 An opiion essa: Wod yo lk to v a tow tha is car-fr? Why or why not? 2
A for and against essay Th advatags ad disadva ntags of owning a car
E Ptce
Natre Dect Drder n the pas many kds woud get home from schoo get on ther bkes and dsappear nto parks and woods unt it got dark Today however ths s not the case Most chdren prefer to spend ther free tme indoors n front of a teevision or a computer screen Recenty parents and educators have become ncreasngy concerned that chdrens ack of contact wth nature is havng detrmenta eects on ther overa heath Rchard Louv author of the bestseer Lt d n t ood has argued that chdren suffer physcay and mentay from ack of contact wth nature He beeves that dozens of probems rangng fro depresson to attenton defict disorder can be triggered by aienaton from nature a condton that he has caed Nature Defct Dsorder He s convnced that contact wth the outsde word can reduce stress ncrease a person's attenton span and stmuate creatvty and cogntve deveopment Louv caims that nature defct dsorder has been caused by a number of factors Frsty computers vdeo games and teevson have gven chdren more and more reasons to stay nsde n addon any parks and nature reserves have "do not wak off the tra sgns Ths means that chdren have ess access to the "natura outdoors et accordng to Louv the eadng cause of nature deficit dsorder may n fact be parents atttudes He suggests that parents today are so afrad of aowng ther chdren to expore freey ousde that they are keepng ther kds ndoors n order to protect them from danger Whe there is no absoute scentfc proof to support Louv's cams most parents know from experence that the easest way to cam an rrtabe chd s to go outsde f parents smpy encourage the knd of outdoor pay that they remember fro ther own youth t w be a good thng
1 Choose the correct nswer. 1 I a b c
th p as t ch i d r disa ppard a lot rod thi r bi ks i th dark spnt a lot of tim outdoors
4 Fnd words or epessons n the tet tht
en:
1 harful (paragraph I) 2 many (paragraph 2 ) 3.
casd (paragraph 2)
2 Richard Lov clas tha a ch dr hav a lot of contact with natu r b it is i portant to hav contact with a tu r c ch dr who hav cotact wth natr ar strssd
a (paragraph 4)
Coplete the sentences usng the nfoton
1 An opnion essay Do yo think that spnding ti outsid hp s pop your ag? Wh y or why not?
gven in the tet. Use yo own wods as f s possble
1 Ch ild rn who do not hav contact with natr ar or ky to 2 Ch ild rn sffr from n atr dficit disordr bcas
5 chldhood (paragraph 5)
5 te copostion of about 100-150 words n your notebook. Choose ONE opton
2 A d escrpon Dscrib a plac i yor ghbourhood whr yo njoy spdig tm oudoors
3 Decde f the folowng sentences ae true o flse Fnd evdence n the te t to justfy your answers.
1 Accordng to Louv, chdrn who hav cotact wth atr can coctrat bttr than thos who dot 2 ars ar na b to proc h r ch drn fro natu r dficit disordr 3 Lovs ca ms hav bn scintfica ly provd 4. h wt sppo ts Lovs ca s
8
• Are Sme Fd Try Irrete? Have you ever wondered why you can t resst a chocoate chp bscut ? r avd Kessler a pedatrcan and former head of the US Food and rug Admnstraton may have found the answer n hs new book T nd o vtn Kessler suggests tha the reaon we are not able to resst certan foods s not ust because we dont have enough wllpower Accodng to Kessler food manufacturers have created tasty combnatons of fat sugar and salt that many peope cannot stop eatng even when they are full He ca that food scentsts are delberately devsng snacks cereals and ready meals whch act on the reward centes of the ban esser beleves that there s a pont at whch we get the geatest peasure from sugar fats and salt Ths he tems the blss pont Food that trggers ths bs pont s not only taste but also stulates peoples appettes nstead of suppresng the. As a resut food akes wok hard to reach ths precse pont
T nd o vtn draws atenon to th e stratege s used by the food ndustry to ensu e tha ood truly s "rresstbe t suggests that f we become moe educaed about he forces that nfluence ou eatng behavour we may be able to alte our perceptons of what types of food ae desabe n addton the book stves to gve us pactcal suggetons on how to cub oveeatng and on how to egan control of ou eatng habts
T nd ovtn paces much of the bae fo obety on the fac that food n the Western wold s carefuly desgned to make us want to eat more of t Yet thee can be no doubt that ultately t s up to the ndvdua to mantan a heathy weght At the end of the day ony we can deterne what goes nto ou mouths or oe mportanty what does not 1 Choose the correct aswer.
Choose the est meaning for each word
1 According to r Kssr, w find crtain foods irrsistib bcas a . w ar wak b w hav no wil powr c th foods ar add ctv
wil powr (paragraph 1 )
2
Th wrtr of th artc bvs that a . obs pop a r not rspons b for thr condition b it is possib to control th tndncy to ovrat c it is mpossibl to rsist crtain foods
Decide if the followng sentences are true or false Fnd evdence n the text to justfy your answers.
1 nc or bl iss point ha s bn rach d, w ar no ongr hungry 2 Accordg to r Ksslr, t s impossibl to chag our atg habits
3 Complete the sentences usng the informaton gven n the text Use your own words as far as possle.
W find food tastist whn 2 ood makrs wor ha rd to rach th biss pot bcaus 3 W ca a ltr or prcpto of food by
a tim b slf contro c confidnc 2 tasty (paragraph 2) a halthy b dlicios c trrib 3 di braty (paragraph 2) a u ty b u cky 4.
curb (pa ragraph 4) a control b convinc
c ntntonay c njoy
5 Wrte a composton of aout 00-50 words n your noteook Choose OE opto 1 An opinion eay Th food ndstry shoud not b alowd to mak food mor addctv ntntionally Do yo agr? Why or why not? 2 A decipto Dscrb yor favorit food Why do yo njoy ating i t?
E Prt
Text Or ay t Gd Healt Mobile phones and text messagng are frequently held responsble for the fact that young people lead nactve les. Ths nactty n ts turn has been lnked to the rsng levels of chld obesty all over the word Yet, a nuber of recent studes hae proposed varous ways that text messagng could n fact be utlsed to fght chld obesty It has long been accepted that self-ontorng calore ntake and boy weght s very portant for successfu long-ter weght oss Yet n most cases people who are tryng to lose weght fnd t dffcult to contnue to observe and record ther own eatng behavour over tme A recent study conducted at the Unversty of North Carolna n the USA has shown that textng ay be an effectve tool to help chldren montor ther eatng habts Researchers found that teen partcpants n the study who reported ther eatng and physcal actty usng text essages were ore lkely to contnue ontorng ther eatng and exercse behavour than those usng a tradtonal dary Ths ay be because when partcpants n the study sent a text essage they edately receved an autoated feedback essage based on what they had reported Researchers at the Universty of Southern Calforna n the USA are currently conductng a stdy n whch each teen partcpant s hooked up to a "moble bodyarea network that ncldes a heartrate montor a GPS satellte navgaton ut and a blood glucose eter Each sensor s lnked to a smartphone that sends the data to the unversty's computers whch process the nformaton they receve If the data suggests that a teenager has been stng around too much a stream of text messages are then sent ether urgng the to do soe exercse or puttng them n touch wth other partcpants for group actvtes Its stll unclear whether or not tex messagng s ndeed the soluton to fghtng the rse n teen obesty However t s clear that soehng must be done to combat ths alarng trend If we wan to fght obesty n the populaton as a whole t s essental tha we frst begn by attackng the problem amongst chdren and teens After all they are our fture
1 Dc f th flwng sntncs r tru r fls Fn vnc n th tt t justfy yur nswrs
1
The way n whch teenagers montor ther eatng behavo r may be mportant
2 . Both of the stdes mentoned n th e artcle have been comp eted 3.
The wrter of the artce bel eves that textng is the best way to fght the rse i n ch d obesty
4 The wrter of the artce th nks that t s a so m porta nt to deal wth obesty amon gst ad lts Rwrt th flwng sntncs wthut chnging thr r gnl mnng
1
Researchers are condctng a stdy n whch each teen pa rtcpant s hooked p to a mob le body-area network Researchers are condctng a stdy by
2 t s clear that somethn g mst be done to combat ths al arm ng trend t s cea that we
Cmpt th sntncs usng th nfrmtn givn n th tt. Us yur wn wrs s fr s pss
Self-montorng helps people to 2 Both of the stdes descrbed n the artcl e nvestgated Cs th st mnng fr ch wr lnked (paragraph 1 )
a sggested b connected 2 monitorng (paragraph 3) a changng b mprovng 3 alarm ng (paragraph 5) a exctng b frghtenng
c added c checkng c nterestng
Wrt cmpstn f ut 10010 wrs n yur nt Chs ONE ptn 1 An opnon Some people beleve that mobe p hones shold be ban ned from schools Do yo a gree? hy or why not? 2 An opnon D o yo thn k that text messag ng cod help yo folow a healthy lfestyle 7 hy or why not?
8
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By Advetre Fro cae treks n Agera to jeep tours of Afghanstan an ncreasng nuber of traelers are now optng for adenture hodays whch offer the thrng and chaengng experences that they wl neer forget radtonay adenture holdays were prary taken by young nddual traelers who traeled on a ow budget et today people of al ages are seekng out new and exctng ways to take a break fro the routne of noral fe As a resut any tour operators oer specay desgned tours that are dedcated to takng partcpants to reote and dangeros parts of the world any of these tours are extreely expense A trp to the atagona Wderness n South Aerca can cost around $, whle those wshng to each the sut of t Eerest are requred to pay oer $ Adenture traelers are ookng for a chalenge and get satsfacton fro takng rsks and accopshng soethng that any others wl neer achee hey tend to go to paces where ery few people hae eer consdered gong When a country decdes to welcoe n traelers ts the adenture traellers that are the frst to arre Adenture traelers often return fro ther trp feeng that they hae undergone a fechangng experence any cla that the fact that they hae successfuly coped wth such a challengng stuaton akes the ore confdent n ther own ablty to deal wth any dffculty they ay encounter n eeryday fe et not eeryone agrees that adenture trael s a good thng Enronenta actsts are ncreasngly conceed that the huan desre to explore unfalar terrtory ay n fact be ery harfu to the enronent hey suggest that carbon essons resultng fro a huan presence n solated areas ke Antarctca ay cause rreersble daage to the natural surroundngs Howeer despte these objectons huans contnue to desre adentures. As ore and ore possbtes open up ncudng coercal space trae just around the corner t would see that adenture tae s here to stay
1 Choose the correc t answer 1 Adventure travelers today . . . a are young b do not have a lot o mon ey c. oten travel n groups 2 Adventu re travel ers who retur n om the i tra ve l s a. are sel-conident ind it dicut to return to everyday e c are unabl e to cope wit h chal leng ng sitatons 3 . he writer eeves that adventure trave . a will become ess popuar b wil l not chan ge c. wi contnu e to deveop Answer the q estions 1 What attracts people to adventue trave? 2 Why do env ion mentaists object to adventue travel?
Rewrite the folowin sentences without chanin their oriinal meanin
1 Those wishing to reach the summit o Mt Everest are requ ired to pay over $2 5000 you wish to reach the smmt o Mt Everest, 2 Ca rbon emssions may cause damag e to the natura surrond ngs The natural surroundings may Find words or expressions in the text that mea the opposite of
1 boring (paragraph 1) 2 neaby (paragraph 2) 3 very easy (parag aph 4) 4.
good or yo (paagap h 5 )
5.
Write a composition of about 100-150 words i your notebook Choose OE option
1 A deipton escrbe yo idea hoday 2 An opinion ea Wod you ie to go on an advent e holiday ? Why o why not?
E Pre
Te Deat Hadwt? Today people are generaly aerng away on a compute keyboard tetng on a oble pone or twtterng on a Backbery Tey are no longer wrtng by and So s penmansp sply an outdated and necent ode o councation or s tere value i n tyng to peseve t? At one tme wrtng cleary an d qucky wa s essental to eveytng ro pubic documents to personal lettes. oweve today n te age o te eal and te tet essage ost peope rarely need to wrte ore tan a soppng lst or a sor note Altoug andwrtten counicaton s less w despread tan t once was any people contnue to be eve tat te art o penansp ust be protected Tey suggest we ust contnue to learn andwrtng skls we ws to be able to read all types o andwrtng and tus aintan a drect connecton wt te past For te t s diicult to conceve o te possiblty tat a person gt one day nd s grandotes dary and be unable to read t In addton peope note tat a persons andwtng s dstnctve and can be as pesonal as s voce or aug. By pesevng andwrtten communcaton tey clam we are also mantainng our connecton wt te unque qualtes o ndvduals nterestngly, te deveopment o te telepone te computer and te tet essage ave not copletely removed te need to wrte by and as many eared n act t sees gy unlkely tat andwrtten counication w il ever disappear competely snce tere s always te possblty o not avng a computer avalable at a partcular oent or tat tere wl be a power ailure and we wl ave o wte down mportant normaton on a pece o paper Even n todays tecnoogcal word te andwrtten word s very muc alve and wel and t ooks set to stay tat way or a very ong tme to coe
Choose the orret answer
Answer the questons.
1 adwre commu cao . . a s less m poran tha it use to be b has disappeared c. s ow used on a la rger scae
1 Why has h adwre commu caion become less wdesprea than t used o be?
3.
People who ear handwrtg si s a will lose their coection with the past b wi l be ab le o read h andwren documes c w l d it dcu lt to use computes Type-writte comm u icaion s a less wdespread ha handwritten commucao b u q u e impesonal c.
2 According to the writer, why i s it u nl iely hat the hadwrite word wl ever dsappear compleey? Fnd words or epressons n the tet that mean
1 oldashioned (paagraph 1 ) 2.
mag e (paagaph 3)
3 eep (parag raph 3) 4
uniq ue (paragaph 4)
5 mpobabe (paagraph Rewrte the folown sentenes wthout hann ther ornal meann
1 a dwtte commu cato is ess widespea tha n it once was andwi ten communicaon is no 2 The developm et o he elepho e the compute and the text message have no comp letely emoved the eed o write by hand The eed to wite by had .
5
Wrte a o poston of abou 000 words n your notebook Choose ONE opton 1 A nrrive Ima g ne that you have ust come acoss you g andmoth ers da ry Wite a di ay enty n which you r gradmoher descibes somethng that happened to he on a paicula r day 2 An onon essy Computers have made he wod a bette pace o you agee? Why o why ot?
8
F Read ing
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MARKs
Slow food f When you walk al ong the ma in streets ofany big
ci in the world your eyes are assaulted by bright eon signs for shops and estaurants In some places these businesses are loca l ly owned but increasingly the signs advertise globallyrecognized fast food outlets: the 'golde n arches of McDonald s stretch from Kansas to Kaahstan
There ae many advantages to living in a global
24-h our socie But al though many of us enjoy the convenience of buying what we want when we wa nt it and the competition beeen outlets mean s that prices for the most popular products remain low there is now a baclash against this trend Slow Food is a growing movement of people who are u nha ppy about the globa liation of our diet
Read he text Are the seteces u o Fl? Give evidece o you aswes 8 ma ks 1 In crasigly, bu sin sses aound t wold are ocy ownd. 2 Fast food is chea p patly baus com pa is co t wth eac oter. T Sow Food ovmet wa ts pople to spe d ogr cook g. 4 Sow Food sho ud o ly be eate qutl at ho . S S
D UCCE
The idea of 's low food was invented i n Ita ly in 1 98 6 when a grou p of food producers decided to promote hea lthy loca l foods instead of tasteless international brands The ma in aim of the Slow Food 2 movement is to cha llenge the popu lari of poor quali fast food Slow Food advises people to take time to prepare mea ls and to enjoy eating them too lt is also about retaining local foods and taditions Imagine nding Kentucky Fried Chicken but no ta pas 2 in Spa in; or visiting Italy on ly to nd that spaghetti is no l onger on the me nu nstead of buying a double cheeseburger and a cola Slow Food asks you to eat at home o in a taditional bar o restauant to enjoy a local dish prepared using highquali ingredients Slow 3 Food isnt necessarily the cheapest option but its pobably the tastiest way to eat
id syoyms i t he ext for he followig words 4 ma ks 1 attacked A 2 tdcy to qustio C 4 kg C
4 Complete th e sete ces with ifomatio from the text Use you ow words as m uch a s you ca 4 m aks 1 The pri cp e bh i d 'slo food s ...... . 2 Wh cook g th Sow Food m ovm t says ...... .
True or False sentences
1 Rad th ext rst 2 Rad th Tru or Fa se se te cs careuly. Do ot assu me that you aleady kow the a swer. 4 Fi d th ky wods om th e True o False sentnc i the ext Chc th stce agai h you thi kyou have th a swr. Give evdce fom th text.
2 Aswe he est s your ow words 4 ma rks 1 W t s good bo ut vg a 24- hour socity? 2 s S ow Fo a ratvy xpe sive way o ati g? Why? Wy ot?
M CTCE A
FOOD
Writi ng
MARKs
Choose o e o the essay tasks Wite 80-1 20 wods
Des cibe you avou ite plac to h ave a oee ith rids. Desc ibe the advantages ad disa dvantages o hav g a gobalzd oo d ustry.
4
X E B N U L 5 5 5 ng
The power of the sea r On e day the sea could wipe out most of the east
coast of the USA and the northwest coast of Africa and case extensive damage to the western coasts f Spain Portugal and the British sles All of this may happen the next time Cumre Viea erupts
Cmre Viea is the most active volcano in the Cana ries At any time from a year to othousan d years in th future th e volcano will er pt and one side of the volcano wil l fal l into the sea his will generate a series of huge waves called tsunamis which will race acoss the Atlantic at speeds ap proaching 800 kilometres an hour
An hour after the e ruption megatsuna mis 50 to
100 metres high and 600 kilometres wide wold hit the no thwest coast of Africa he easten h alf of La al ma wold shield northern Euope from the worst tsunamis
Read the text an d answer the q uestios in you r ow
After three to six hours smaller waves wold arrive on the shores of ortuga mainland Spain and the UK Aout nine hours after the eruption a dozen giant 2 25metrehigh waves woul d crash over the eastern coasts of North and South America and rush up to 30 kilometres inla nd destroying houses skyscrapers an d ridges in their path New York Boston an d Miami could disappear 2
[ Although Cmre Viea will erupt one day we
sho uld nt pan ic If world govern ments start funding essential seismic mo nitoring within the volcano scientists will e ale to accuratly predict the timing and ffects of the next e ption hen people in the 3 affected areas will have time to vacuate if necessary and this natural disaster wont ecome a human disaster as well
4 Choose the correct optio n for senten es 1 an d 2. G ive
ords. ( marks)
eviden e or your answe rs 2 mar ks)
1 h ch a ea o Euop e wo uld be the least aected by the tsuam is? hy? 2 ha must wod goverm ents do to protect us?
If the s de of the voca o fa s to the sea, th e UK wi A shied he rest of orther Europe B arve o the sh ores o Portugal C experiece sma ler waves tha northwest Arca 2 f the side o the vocano alls into th e sea A Noth Ameica will ot be a ected B a lot o bu il di ngs wil be destoyed C peopl e wil ot be able to escape
Answer in your own words 1 Unde rline the ey words in th e quesion 2 Scan the text to nd t he in ormation i o derent ways o expressi g the sam e dea as the tex ite complete sente nces Do n ot copy who e prases rom the text
3
1
Sum marize the text using your own words Write 0 words. marks)
Writ ing
MARKS
2 Ae h sene es u or Fl? Give evidee or your ane ( m ar)
Choose o e of te essay tasks Write 80-1 20 words
1 aves rave g at 0 0 ilometres an hou r woud arive o h o rth west coast o Africa 2 Sce niss kow eacty whe n C um bre Vieja will erupt
Fid sno in the ext or te olowin g words mars 1 desroy paagaph A go fast paagph poect paagaph C coass pagph C pay g for paagph D
3
M CTICE
8
NATURAL D SASTERS
1 N atura d isasters a re the greatest th eat o h uma ity today Discuss You are a scien tist based i La Pal ma rite to the Spa ish goern ment to expai th e i mpo tance of mon itoing Cu mbre Vieja an d to as for assistan ce
X M P R ACT I C E C M N D U N S H M N Read ing
MARKs
o smack or not to smack?
In 2004, the British government chnged the w on disciplining children Now prents re llowed to smck their chidren s ong s they do not cuse ment or physic dmge o r leve mrk Critics sy tht the UK hd its chnce to bn smcking but filed to tke it Techers in British stte schools hve been bnned from smcking children since 18 but prents were owed to use resonbe physic punishment unti 2004. The problem ws how to dene resonble Most oving prents ony use discipine to hep the chid to ern nd deveop correcty H owever, there hve been cses of ecessive punishment which is why cmpigners re de mnding stricter w to protect the rights of children
2
Mny prents respond by sying tht it is difcut
to devise pproprite lterntives to corporl pu nishment t my be worse for p rent to shout t or hu miite chil d thn to smck them Anti smckers nswer tht prents need to mke the 2 pu nishment t the crime For empe, if gir bu lies nother girl in th� street then they sho uld forbid her to p ly in the street for two dys Opinions remin very divided Some think tht smcking chidren is s uncceptbe s hitting your 3 neighbou r Others rgue tht smck doesnt re y do child ny hrm it is ntur l wy to tell chi ld tht certin behviou r is wrong
Chidren s rights supporters sy tht it is wrong to use violence to show children tht they hve been bd They sy tht if you use vioence, the chid in turn becomes vioent nd tht chidren m ust be brought up in oving environment
Read he ex and choose he correc option or senences 1 3. G ive eviden ce or your answers. (3 m arks 1 he B riish goverme has ba ed . .. A dscilig chidre. B a smackg. C harmul smackig. 2 h dres rghs su orers h k ha ... A chi ldre who are sma cked wi be aggressive. B ares m us be srcer. C he aw mu s hel eole o lear a d develo. 3 Some ares say ha ... A smack g is aways beer ha sho ui g. B he mus smack bues. C s ha rd o hi k o diere u is h me s.
2 Answer the qu estions n your own words 4 marks 1 ha was he robe m wih he sysem ha aowed reasoabe uishme? 2 ha ye o u i sh me is a aeraive o corora u sh me?
d soyms i he ex or the oow words. ( marks 1 2 3 4
rohb pargrph A aoal pargrph ve pargrph D hysca pargrph D uses sregh o h ur or righe pargrph D
8
4 Comp ete the senten ces with i normation rom the tex.
R A D N G U E
Use your o ords. 4 marks
Multipe�choic qustios
1 Uder he la w arens ...... . 2 Sce 99 has bee ega ...... .
1 Read he ex irs. 2 Read a he oio s very careuly. 3 oma re he reeva secio o he ex i de ai beore you e m i ae icorrec aswers. 4 Do o worry more ha o e o o is rue. O ly selec he a swer ha is co rrec accord ig o he ex.
,
Su mm arize he text us ig your ow words. rite ords. 4 ma rks
Wri ting Choose o o the essay tasks. re 8-1 2 words. 1
Discus s he advaages a d di sadvaages o bag corora ushm e i schoos. 2 ororal ui shm e has o lace or aduls or chidre a civized socey. Dscuss. M PATI RME AND PUN ISHM EN
O • Read ing
MARKs
Who stol my job? Tabloid newspapes often cay sensation al ized
stoies abou t the UK being invaded by immigants But is the UK really being taken over by greedy foeignes?
,·
Since the Romans ca e o thousa nd yeas ago
the British Isl es have seen inuxes of people fom a ll ove th e wold The Rom ans Vikings an d N ormans wee followed moe ecently by thousa nds of people fom the Caibbean Asia and Africa contibuting to the exciting cultua l mix that is moden Bitai n
10 Most imm igants hold valid visas and wo k pemits but not eveyone is so lucky vey yea millions of peopl e have to leave their county because it is too da ngeous fo them to stay thee If they apply fo asylum in the UK and their application is successful they can live and wok in the UK
The UKs population is getting olde and thee is a
lack of skilled people in ma ny publ ic services Furthermoe if the UKs population becomes more highly skilled thee will be moe jobs that peo ple do 2 not want to do One study predicts that we need to ncrease immigration by a fth to pevent an economic cisis Anyway how can the British complain about immigants when so m any thousand s of Bitons choose 3 to live aboad? And what wou ld we be eating if it weent fo the ich cuisine that i mmigants have bought to ou county? Fo more than a decade the most popular food in the UK has been cu ry an Indian dish
I mmigants are often ccused of takingjobs fom
Bitishbon inhabitants n fact statistics show that imm igants contibute m oe money to thei host counties than they eceive This stimulates the 2 econo my and moe jobs ae ceated
Read he ext and an swe the q uestion s in you own
Find synonyms in the text fo the followin wods.
wods. 4 ma ks)
3 maks)
1 How do imm igrants stmuat cono mi c owth? 2 s t fa r for Brtsh p op to com pain about i m mgrants? hy? hy not?
1 as k fo pargaph C 2 giv pagrph D cooky pargrph
2 Rewte t he sene nces. 8 maks) I d nt app y for a visa I ca nt go to th A f had 2 O: Hav you v hd a Bitish p asspot? h wantd to k now m m grants start many nw bus nsss vy month Man y nw 4 Th r a r fw rugs tha n ga i m m igrants Thr arnt as 1
3
STEPS TO READI NG UCCE S Rertng sen tences 1 Think cafuy a bout th gam mar o th oigina sntnc 2 Rit th sntnc usi ng th coct gam mar Ch ck that th wrttn sntnc ha s th sam ma nn g as th ist sntnc
3
M PRACTCE D MMGRATO
3
4 Sum maize te tex usin you own wods. ite 50 wods 5 maks)
Writin g Choose one of the essay asks. ie 80-1 20 wods. 1 rt a biograph y of a p rson who h as ha d to av th co unty 2 m agin that a frin d has gon to v n a orgn co unty rit a ttr ask ng ab out th r nw an givng your nws from hom
Read ing
Are mobile phones oo good o be rue? Only tn yars ago if you wr mt ing your
frinds youd arrang th tim and pac bforhand Today, thanks to mobil phons th pac or tim can chang as th mting gts narr hr ar now mor than billion mobil usrs around th world; mobils ar unstoppabl Or ar thy? Th tchno lo has at last thr maor aws on ly two of which ha obious so lutions
Firsty th us of mobil ph ons can b dangrous En though it is ilgal in many countris to us a mobi l whil driing m any popl ha did bcaus thy wr usi ng thir phon in th car
0 Scondy mob il phon masts ar hr
and thrll b n mor about 32000 in th UK whn 3G third gnration mobils ar th norm
ead the text and a nswer the questi ons i your ow
Luckiy ths days th r ar ots of ingnious ways to hid masts In th countrysid on of th bst idas is to put th antnnas insid tall articial pin trs In citis hundrds ofryday obcts such as chu rch 2 towrs now conca antnnas
Unfortunatly thr is a third aw of mobil phons that wont go away and it could bcom a hug problm Mo bil phons an d masts mit radiation of a p which cou ld caus cancr his 2 radiation is all a round us th sam ari is also mittd by microwa ons and cordlss digital phon s Thr is as yt no incontrortibl idnc that mobils ca us cancr but as tim gos on som xprts prdict that this idnc wil b foun d And 3 whn it is found it could b th nd of th mobil phon phnomnon
on et the two pairs of senten es usig
words 4 ma rks)
4 marks)
1 hic h is obab ly th m ost sros roblm with mob s? hy? 2 hat dos t cold b th d o th m ob l ho mo ma? hy dos th author say this?
1 You wr tak i g abo ut a 3G h o Is that t? Is that ... 2 My mob s 3G t ca rcord vido clis rom th tr t. My mob,
2 Find synonyms in t he text for the foowing words
(7 marks)
4 Sum marize the text using you r own words Write 0
1 dcts pargph 2 clver pargrph C h d pargrph C 4 m a m a d pagph C 5 vry bg pargrph uqustioabl pagph roo pagph
3
7
SS
TO
R D S U S S
Fidig syoyms 1 Ar yo look g o a o , a vb, a ad vb o a adjctive? 2 Is h a x o a su x? h sa m xs or suxes icl ud g vb d i gs may b atd th wod yo a ookig o. dtiy ay ossb matchs th aagah 4 Ch eck: do h wods m a xacty th sa m?
3
EXM PCTICE E
MO B E ECH NO OGY
words (5 marks)
Writin g hoose o ne of the essay tasks Write 80-1 20 words 1 You ar th h ad tac h r o a sch ool Yo hav dci dd to ba m obi ho s at th scho ol rt a ttr xlai g your dc iso to th a ts o your studts. 2 Disc uss som o th advatags ad d sadvatags o mobl ho s
1
·
Hunt for the Ruyi ourng a cty usual means beng taken round by a gude n a group or gong to the famous sghts on your own wth te he of a udebook. owever f ou re annn on v st ome tere s now a new and etertan wa of n . new wa tu a v o he Eea C no an en ame w e ue of a moe oe and a gudebook known as T R, wrtten by Albert Toso Fe. he game fouses on a hunt for the uy, a myth al mag sceptre In Fe s story, Marco Po o, the famous explorer, steals the sceptre from Kubla Khan, the Chnese emperor To "fnd the scepte, players have to answer questons sng clues sent as text messages to ther moble phones By usng the cles, players dentfy and then vst famos landmarks n the cty sch as the Colo ssem. They le abot the sghts as the search for the Ry con tnues The entres n the gudebook that descbe the places to vst cannot be understood wthout the help of a specal code. To obtan the code player s have to send a text message to a phone nmber gven n the gdebook The code helps players make sense of the entry and dentfy the sght the wll vst . When players reach the landmark, they receve another text message contanng a queston The answer to ths queston can be fond at the sght Playes text the corect reply and get a new code for the next sght And so the hunt contnes. The cles can lead to any of 60 landmarks and monume nts throughout Rome. The playes vs t both the famos sghts of the cty, as well as some lesser known ones that they mght not vst on a normal tor of Rome The game can last from two to nne hours, and may be played alone or n teams. Of course, the Ry s never found. However ths sh ouldn t bother those who take part n the hunt for the mythcal sceptre The real treasre s experencng a fun new way to v st the Eteal Cty.
Choose he orre nswer
3
The Eternal C ty refers to a a ne gudebook b Rome c an exctng game The code heps players a read the text messag e b use ther mobl e phones c un derstand hats rtten n the gu debook T he g a me a may take up to n ne hou s to pl ay b s alays played n teams c can not be played al one Accord ng to the author, the true reard s a fndng the Ruy b enjoyng a ne ay of tour ng R ome c vstng a landmark id words or expressions n h e ex h en:
fun (paragraph
3 <
receve (paragraph
3
fnd the an ser paragraph 3 partcpate (pa ragraph 5)
3. Rewrie he senenes wiou hn ging her origin ening
A vst to Rome becomes an exctng game through the use of a moble phone and a gudebook A mobe phone and a g udebook
Entres n the gudebook canot be understood thout the help of a specal code The playes
3
Players text the correct repy and get a ne code to move on to the next ste Players move on by
4 Wrie oposiion o bou -5 words in your noeboo Choose ONE opion
A for d gst essy The advantages and dsadvantages of gong on an organsed tour hen travell ng
A descrpton vsted
Descr be a cty that you have
I xm e
Car Clubs small twodoor ca a familysized saloon a van or a petrolelectric hybrid? Most people don t change their car every day B ut members of cashaing schemes can select the car most suitable for their needs for every singl e jouey they make Casharing schemes or car clubs as hey are known in Brit ain now exi st in over 600 cities worldwid e lthough details vary mos clubs operate in roughly the same way fter their driving record is approved, members join by paying a fee Then usually by phone or over the nteet they may book any car belonging to their scheme collecti ng it from and retuing it to, any designated loc ation. Often the membership card itself unlocks the car. Payment is based on he time reserved and the kilometres driven. Joining a club offers members many advantages. First they usaly save money because they don 't have to pay for insurance maintenance or petrol. Second, many members find that their health improves; they often walk or cycle as an alteaive to driving on short joeys Thrd, pakng is easier as more cities reserve special spaces for carclub vehicle s Finally, here is prestige clubs provide newer and better modes of cars than many members could afford to own Carsharing schemes also benefi sociey as a whole One cub claims that each of its 2 vehicles repaces the need for between fve and eight privately owned cas, reducing carbon emissions by approximately 320 tons annually. Less traic als o lowers urban no ise lev els and the appearance of local neighborhoods may improve too as more gardens and fewer gaages appea. These schemes don suit everyone. Some people need to know that their own car is waiting for them outside their home Others who drive long distances for work may find that owning a pivate car is cheaper But for drivers who don' t mind puting a ittle thogh into planning their joueys in order to help themselves and the environment, car clbs are an ideal soution
Choose he orre nswer
3
Members of car-sharng schemes a can select a suitable vehcle for every ourney b make ony s ng e our neys in each car c don t get to choose the car Carclub members a mu st alays pck up an d return the car to the same pace b are often ab le to reserve the r car thout enterng an offce c use a pesona dentfcaton num be to un ock the car doo People ho oin ca clubs a genera lly fin d it less expensve tha n onin g a prvate car b usual ly get a discount on their car epai rs and insuance c can often boro bi cyces as el as cars
3 Rewre he senenes whou hngn g her orgn menng
Car c lu bs provide ne and better modes of cars Ne and better modes of cars
Others fn d that onn g a p rivate car is c heaper Others fnd that it
4 3
c z
·"
nd words n he ex h men:
more or less paragraph
3 paragraph
gves paragraph help
less expensve paragraph 5
5 Wre omposon o bou -5 words n your noeboo Choose O NE opon
Answer he queson
Ho do car clubs help the envronment?
An opinion essay: What is your idea
mea� s
_;
transport? Give reasons
A for d ginst essy The advaa:
:
disa dvantages of oni ng a car
99
�
The Changing Face f Fiendship �akin friends u sed to be a matter of gong out and meetng people Nowa days thans to Faceboo you c an meet n people whout havng to leave the comfort of your computer char acboo was launched n 2004 by Mar Zucerberg a student at Harvard Unversty who has snce been descrbed a the youngest blonare on arh mbershp was nt all y restrcted to Harvard students Th e ste became an oveght succe ss and was evenually opened up to the general publc Today anyone over the age of 13 wth a vald ema address can jon Faceboo s free to users but maes a proft from onne advertsng When people sgn up for Faceboo they create a personal profle and can choose t o jo n one or more networs for example ther school or worpace Users can gan access to ther frends' proles and connect wth them Faceboo users may also dscover that they are only two or three cc s away from re-establshng contact wth frends from the past Many n ds of frendshps are mantaned through Faceboo but some whch are out of the ordnary may be formed as wel For exampe you can mae frends wth people you have commu ncated wth through e-mal but have never met n person Al you have to do s fnd ther profles on Faceboo and as them to be your frends eople collect hundreds of "frends and thereby gve the mpresson that they are popular So has Faceboo changed the noton of what s to be a frend? Once you would choose your frends from amongst the people you saw regularly They were those you had the most n common wth and who you coud share your feelngs wth They were ready to help you and you were always ready to help them n retu s Faceboo a sgn of what wll happen to socey n the future? Wll people gve up the chalenges of rue frendshp n favour of computergeneraed relatonshps o n stes such as Faceboo? Vrtual frends after all wl never dsappont you
Choose he orre nswer
3 Answer he uesion
In a b c
How is makng fends today different from how it was in the past?
A frend on Face book a s always someone youve met b may be some one that you ve never met c is aways someone that you meet regul arly
the early days of Facebook anyone coud oin on ly a rk Zuckerberg s friend s coul d register only peope who studied at Harvard could regster
Rewrie he senenes whou hnging heir originl eng
Facebook was launc hed i n by ark Zuc kerberg He was a student at Harvard University ark Zuckerberg, who
4
Find words or expressions in he ex h en
started (paragraph
at n o cost (paragraph
3.
register (paag raph
4.
unusual (paragraph 5
5 dea (paragraph
3
� u
6
5 Wrie oposo o bou 5 words in your oeboo Choose ONE opion. A fo nd gi nst essy he advantages and
Zuckerberg has been described as "the youngest biionaire on Earth Peope ,.
disadvantages of making friends on Facebook
An opin ion essy
oes real fiendship m ean spend ing ti me with people facetoface Expla n
Exam Practice
Ceckig Spellceckers Englsh sp elln g s very dfcult hs s a problem hat faces no only non-natve speaers bu many na aer as well Why s Engl sh sp elng so problematc? Man y Englsh words re spelt dfferently from the way tha he ond such as he word " laugh here are also many homophones wh ch are words that sound the same bu ar pel dfferenly for example, "rght and "wrte In addton there are words whch contan s lent letters, for nan h letter "k n the word now or these reasons the only way to mprove your spellng n Engl sh s to memo al the words that are dfcult o spell Computer spellcheckers should have solved spelng problems hey detect msspelt words and, n certan cases even corect them automatcally However spellchecers are far from pefect When they cannot automatcally orect a word, they gve users a lst of alteatve words to choose from hs s helpful as long as users know whch word they are lookng for or f the ntended word s on the lst In addton computer spellchecers wll onl y spot an error f the word doesn t exst n ther word bank s or nstance, f you type "Eye dd knot go the wre wegh, spellcheckers wll not be abe to detect any of he mstaes Although ll the words n hs senence re spelt , t makes no sense However technol ogy my no w have found a way of sol vng these problems A htech co mpany Gnger So tware, has developed a program that does n t j us spot mstyped words but also uses context and grammatcal stucture to corect mstakes Its developers have tred to mae s workng processes as close to those of natural language as possb le If ts successful, Gnger Sofware s n ew program should be able to nd he erors n the sentence "Eye dd not go the wrte wegh and corect t to "I dd not go the rght way
m
Choose he correc answer.
3
A homophone is a ord a that is spe lt the sa me as anoth er ord b that soun ds different from another ord c that sound s the sa me as an other ord A spelc h ec ke r a ca automatical ly correct a l mistakes b i identfy spell ng mistakes c helps you memoise di fficu lt ords The ne program is unique because it a detects ords used out of con text b automatca l y corrects m sspelt ords c mmor ses ords that are difficult to spel
Rewrie h e senences wihou changin g heir oiginal meaning
Com puter spell checkers should have soved the problem The probem Spel lcheckers il ony spot an error if the ord doesnt exist in ther ord banks Un less the ord
3 Find words or epressions in he e ha mean:
have got (paragraph
detect (paragraph
3
3.
for exampl e (paragraph
simi ar (paragraph
3
4 Answer he quesion
Why can t regular spel lcheckers alays hep people to spel correctly?
>
I� � � >
�
! 0 ! Z
5 Wrie a composiion of abou -5 words in your noebook. Choose ONE opion
An opin ion
Do you thi nk ts mportant to have E gl sh spei ng tests? Expa n hy or hy ot
A opi io What aspect of learn g En g li sh is the most difficut for you? Expa n
0
- . .
Mickey Mouse Degees tudents usualy go to university to obtain a degree in physics economics or history But in Britain its now possible to get a universit y degree in less traditional subj ects inc luding equestrian studi es aromatherapy and the unusual miture of outdoor adventure with philosophy hese degrees are known informally as "Mickey Mouse degrees Taken from the name of the cartoon character anything termed "Mickey Mou se is c onsidered lightweight or amateursh In Britain the term also has more negative connotations and may be used to describe something of inferior quality But are these degrees often oered at newly created universties really inferior to degrees in ore conventional subects fro more establshed universities? People in favour of these degrees say that society benefits from havin g a large number of university graduates in any ed because stud ying promotes a ove of leaing and respect for education. They aso cam that these new courses requre serous study. or eample surng studes includes meteorology biology and business In addition to the socia l benefits there are also financal ones University graduates generally ea more whic h is good for the economy. Proponents ca im that these new degrees are responding to dema nds fro students and employers Speciic training enabl es graduates to fnd obs easily and companies are confident that they wi employ people with the essentia skil s o r exaple graduates with golf management degrees can work in the sports and leisure in dustry. However opponents of these degrees ca m that training in feds ke orstry design or bakng technology sho uld be acquired both on the ob and at technical schoos unversities eist to further knowedge rather than to help people nd obs They say that politicians want to increase the number of university graduates and opening these "Mickey Mouse courses achieves this without maintaining high educational standards They as o argue that if these degrees were abolished more scholarship oney woud be available to those studying rea unversity subects . So are Mickey Mouse degrees a hepful nnovation or a waste of time? Before we make up our minds perhaps we should remember that many academic subects which are respected today were criticised when they rst appeared includ ing nglish literature when i was rst taught at an nglish uni versty in 82 8.
Dede f he followig seees are rue (T) or false (F) Fid evidee i he ex o jusf our aswers
3 Aswer he queso Why does the rter menton Eng lsh teature
A "Mckey Mouse" degree s perceved as nferor
4
3
Mckey Mouse d egees dont gve students any specfc sk ll s they need o obs
Opponents of ckey ose degrees thn k that bakn g skls shouldn t be studed
Fid words or expressios i he ex ha ea
1 . combnaton (paragraph 1 )
3
not seous (paragraph
area of study (paragraph
3
mportant (paragraph
5 decde (paragraph
6
5 Wrie a oposiio of abou -5 words i our oebook. Choose ONE opio
A opiio s a Mckey Mouse degree Coplee he seees usig he iforaio ive he ex.
Emp loyers are pleased th g raduates of ckey ouse deg rees because
12
Poltc ans are n favou r of ckey Mouse co rses beca use
a aste of tme Expla n you an ser
A opiio
The pu rpose of studyng at un versty s to get a job o you agree or dsagee Expa n
Exam Practce
More than Just Clothes Imagine the followin g scene: a fireghter runs into a blazing buildi ng to save the people trapped inside Back at the command centre his vital sign s are being monitored and GPS readings indicate his eact positio ning in the build ing This w ill soon be a reality because of a new state-of-the-art uni form that cont ains hi-t ech fabrics which c an transmt this vital information The uropean Commi ssio n has invested €50 mi llion to develop these smart fabrics and interactive tetile s The technology whic h was initi ally developed n the United States has be en adopted by the U in order to save the uropean tetile industry which has been badly aected by compettion from Asian markets University researchers hi-tech companies and tetile manufacturers are working together throughout the U to produce models of smart-fabric items These include a shirt that can check the heart rate of cardiac patients and sports clothes that can monitor an athlete s breathing with the use of microcomputers and solar panel s One of the main problems at the moment however is the limited market for such products Smart fabrics could be most beneficial in the medical field where they could save many lives each year However it could take up to ten years for each product to become an approved medical devi ce A further problem i s the cost of these products How much w ill a famiy be abe and w ll ing to pay for a baby suit that can detect sudden infa nt death syndrome? This t ype of product coud potentially prevent a terribe tragedy from occuing yet how many parents will actually be able to aord it? Most of the deveopers hop es for promoting hi-tech clot hing are with the sports indu sy The huge amo unt of advertising b y popuar sportswear companies and the empoyment of wel-known sports stars to advertise their products means that this industry coud easily persuade consumers to accept these epensive new technologie s Developers therefore are consi dering adapting the smart-clothes techno ogy for rescue workers to the world of sport Who knows? n another few years your tracksuit might do a ot more than hep yo u enoy a run in t he park
Choose the correct answer
3 Answer the questons
nside the command centre
What are the p robems of sma rtfabric items?
a a frefighter is savin g people b a firefighter is monitoring his vit a signs c it's possi bl e to kno here a firefighter is located in a burning b uld ing
Why do the developers of sma rtfabr ic item s thi nk that the sports i nd ustry is the best field i n hich to promote their products?
4
nd words or express ons n the text tat en
A shrt is beng developed that can a hep peope ho have got hea rt problem s b help peope run faster c monitor breathin g
Decde the ollowng sentences are true (T} or alse () nd evdence n the text to sty you r nswers.
Smart fabrcs ere orignally developed in the United States
im portant paragraph
3
at frst paragraph helpful paragraph
stop from happenng paragraph 5)
The riter question s hether hi ghtech baby suts il l actua ly save l ives
5 Wrte a coposton o bt • n yor notebook Chose 0 . E o
An o pi n o _
famous peope e � - e
-
_
ducts? xplain vhy r vy
2. An pi �ss: D yu b8l8V8 hd ma tor 'Q a athete ith smart cothes techoogy s n invaso n of privacy? Expla in your anser
0 z
E P
GitFree Carb ore and more people oday ndersand that carbon emis sions are a problem for the amosphere Many people are geninely conceed abo he env ronmen and wold ike o redce he amon o enegy consmpion theyre esponsble or, b cetain liesyle changes, sch as givng p ying and driving, are simply impracical n order o help hese peope o hep he environmen som nw companies now enabe bsnesses and individals o by he righ o emi carbon. Essentially consmers pay these companies to conerbalance heir carbon se by nvesing in projecs ha bneit the environment hese may inclde promoing renewab energy sorces sch as soar power, or planing tees in poor conres o ep absorb carbon rom h air Ahogh the basic principle seems logical, has been crtcied by o nironmnalst on philosophical gronds. Each hosehold n he Unied Saes is said o b rponsb or appromaey ons o harm gas emssions every year, and some eperts beleve these people shod make e ort o rdc her energy consmpion. Howver here's pracica crtcism a h l glaion had o know he companies ae acualy doing as hey promised. Another conc ocs on e possiby ha e am ose may be sold to more than one cstomer. he idea o cleaning p cabon ootprints i he impac o hman acy on h nronmn n o carbon se) is growing in popularity in he Wes world On indicaton s h nmbr o prodcs and ns ha no adverise hemselves as carbonna o cean becase managers have paid o nga th impac o h ase emited. Anoher indicaion s e plan or a S arport o allow interesed passengers to prchase oses o he environmenal damage cased by heir fligt. 's sill oo eay to judg hs trend is ainy a way to ease gl cased by oversing energy or a realstc ay o elping he plane However one thing is certain we sold all remembr o do as mch as w can o can p or carbon oopns 1 hoose the coect nswe.
3 Answe the queson
1
hy h as the ca rbon offset in dustry been crt cised
Most people in the developed world a are unaware that they can reduce producton of dangerous gases b usual ly fnd t easy to mae changes such as givng up flying c. general y want to try to red uce the amou nt of carbon they emit
2 he carbon offset n dustry . a has been establsh ed by a nu mber of businesses and ndviduals b al lows consu mers to compen sate the environm ent for carbon use c essential ly benefits energy consu mers n eveopng counes
.
n wos n the tet tht men
1
not reastic (paragraph 1)
2 dangerous (paragraph 3) 3 worry (paragraph 3) 4 buy (paragraph 4) 5 reduce (paragraph 5)
4 Rewte the sentences wthout chnn the
on menng
1 he idea has been crticised by some environmentaists on phlosopica grounds Some environmentalsts 2 Is thi s a realstic way of hel p ng the planet Is this a real istic way to
Wte composton of out 0010 wos n you noteook hoose OE opton 1 An opnon essay Should energy consumers be requ red by aw to offset thei r carbon emisson 7 Give reasons for your answer 2 A formal letter rite a etter to your loca council in which you compla in about environmenta p roblems n your town and what you would li e to do about them
·
�
Tough Love hen Jane Hambleton boght a car for her son Steven, 19 , she set two les; no alcohol n the car, and keep the car locked Bt soon she placed this advertsement in the local newspaper: Totally ncool parents who obviosly don't love teenage son, selling his car Only driven for three weeks before snoopy mom who needs to get a lfe fond booze nder front seat $3700/offer Call meanest mom on the planet" hile teenagers may agree that ane was m ean", many adlt s approved of this pblic demonstration of togh ove", a type of discipline where harsh measres are sed to hep peope modify dangeros or nacceptable behavior The term was first sed by Phyllis and avd York in 1979 to describe their ncompromising attitde towards their daghter when her bad behavior clminated in an aest for armed robbery They didnt allow her to retrn home nti she had completed a dg rehabitation programme and fond a job From this incident, the Togh Love movement wa s born For jst a nominal fee, parents are able to tap into a spport system and attend meetings, where they ae encoaged to take a stand" (set a longterm goal) and enforce a bottom line" (behavior that will eventaly lead to the realisation of the stand) Even parents who dont formally join this network often se some of its techniqes, as do several pogrammes deaing with drg abse and criminal actvity Bt the method can be absed Some smme camps n the US caiming to se togh ove to discipine trobed teenages have seen tagic ests Becase they oten dismiss signs of physica llness as weakness o maniplation, thee have been distbing ncidents of neglect So, was ane Hambeton right to sell he sons car? She insists that she was, and that in placing he advertisement, she has instantly raised awareness of two important isses - the drinkdving problems among teens, and the importance of proper parental discipline 1 Chse the rret answer
1 Jane Hambeton a left booze in her sons car b was called the meanest mom by teenagers c disci pl in ed her son by showing to gh love
Some camps in the Un ited States a have abused togh love i their smmer programs b won't se togh love if teens are physcally i ll c dsm iss togh love as a form of weaness
3 Jane Hambletons advertisement a estab lis hed her rig ht to sel he r sons car b caused peope to thin about teenage drindriving c hasn t rased awareness of parental dscipli e Answer the qestn ow did the Togh Love movement get its name?
3 Cmplete the sentenes usng the nrmatn gven n the tet
1
Today, the se of to gh love can be fond .
Some in cdents of negl ect
Fnd wrds n the tet that mean
1
not i nd (paragraph
3 severe (paragraph 4.
minimal (paragraph 3)
5 jstified (parag raph 4)
increased (paragraph 4) Wrte a mpstn aut 10010 wrds n yr ntek Chse ONE ptn 1 and aganst essay Explain the advantages and disadvantages of toughove tactics
nosy (paragraph 1 )
An opnon essay Do yo thin Jane Ha mbletn was justifed n pl acin g the advertisement? Exp a in why or why not
Think Ecotourism Tom was really excited - at least for a short time Last night his parents came home and announced that the family was going on holiday to an island that is famous for its waves. Immediately images of a luxurious hotel with its own private beach came to Toms mind. Sadly for him this was not to be. Their accommodatio was going to be in a homestay - living together with a local family Toms parents explained to him that tourism cosumes massive amounts of energy and is a huge contributor to the destruction of our planet For this reason they will use transport and services that use less energy, hereby reducing environmenal damage. They assured him that this was the only way to minimise their carbon footprint (the amou of carbon emissions each of us creates) Tom and his family are going to be ecotourists. Ecoourism means travelling to iso laed areas where tourists can enjoy the scenery wildlife and local culture while at the same time improving the lives of the local people and helping conserve the environment Tourists stay in environmentallyfriendly accommodation or live with the locals i a homestay. There they ca choose to unwid and take in the local sites or go out into the elds to help harvest the crops n this way both the tourists and the locals exchange something more significant than just money. Interestingly ecotourism has now become so poplar that it is not uncommon to see lxry ecotourism packages advertised, promising all the luxuries of an expensive holiday with the added benefit of knowing that you are doing your bit to save the planet So, if you want to travel like Tom and his family reduce your carbon fooprint, and still ensure that you are avelling both comfortably and responsibly check out the destinations listed on the Inteational Ecotourism Society website And if that doesnt work for you you can always ride your bike to the nearest national park and simply pitch your tent there. 1 Choose the orret anser yo stay in a homestay yo aways a relax and take in the local sites b. work n the e lds c stay n the home o a loca ami ly he International Ecotorism Society website has . a a l st o env ronmen tal yrendly trave destinations b inormation abot om and his amily c lux ry ho iday packages advertsed
3 Fnd ords or epressons n the tet that mean: hge (paragraph 1 ... . relax (paragraph ) 3. unu sua (paragraph 3) 4 examin e (paragraph 3) Complete the sentenes usng the nformaton gven n the tet
om m st have been disap poi nted when . Ca rbon ootpri nts are the resut o ...
Dede f th e folong sentenes are T True or F Fase Fnd evdene n the tet to justfy your ansers
1 Or panet is being damaged by the torist ndustry
Wrte a omposton of aout 10010 ords n your noteook. Choose ONE opton pii essay What s yor idea ho iday? G ive reasons
....... . Local people b eneit rom ecotorism
.. 3 Ecotorsm means staying n simp e accommodation
fr ad aga s essay he advantages and dsadvantages o an ecotorism hoiday.
E Pi
Were Have A te Grandparents Gone? Aer their second freezing winter in Manchester, retired teacher Colin an d his wife Angela made a lifechanging decision. They wold say goodbye to the UK, their family and friends and start a new life in the sn. Aer checking ot a few alteatves a decison was made to move to a small village in the Soth of France. Colin explains Once I d retired, I fond t really expensive being at home a day My heating bills soared and I fet trapped in the gloomy Englsh climate Coln and Angela are two Brtsh pensioners ot of more than three million who have chosen somewhere else in Erope to live manly in Spain and the Soth of France. he risng cost of vng and the bad cimate n the UK are the man reasons for their leaving. th the emergence of the Eropean Union all Eropean pensioners cod move if they wanted to and stil receive their pensions However it seems that this is a phenomenon typical of Britsh pensioners Conseqenty estate agents n Spain and France actively target them selling t hem the dream of a life n the sn. There are some towns on the Costa del Sol in Spain where t is hard to nd a Spanish speaker and fsh and chp shops and gof corses are everywhere. Britsh retirees are generaly received with enthsiasm snce mch of the ocal economy s dependent on the newcomers money British pensioners who are looking for an athentic French vilage or a ivelier town nder the Spanish sn can fnd one at a bargain price while stl receving their Britsh pensions. It seems that it s now p to the Brtsh travel agents to target the grandchidren - Holidays in France and Spain at nbeievable prices wth a trip to visit Grandma and Grandpa thrown in too!"
Chse the rret answer Coin and Angea decded to eave the UK becase a Col n wanted to teach n a sma l v lage in the Soth o France b lie n Eng lan d was too expensive and cold c th ey were ret red 2 Three mil on Brtsh pensioners a live in Spai n and the Soth o rance b let the U K becase o the bad cli mate c ve el sewhere n E rope
2.
Cplet hese sentenes using the infrmatin given in the tet
Deide if the fllwing sentenes are T Tue
I
r F alse. ind evidene in the tet t justify yur answers
British pensioners receive their pensions whle vng otsde o England .
2 osng n Spa n and i n the Soth o rance is more aordab le than in the U K
3 British travel agen ts are oerng h oli days to Spain wth a ree trp to visit the grandparents
All E ropean pensoners have the right to .. 2 As thi s is a Bri tsh phen omeno n . .... ... ... ....... .... ..
3 ind wrds r epressins in the tet that mean the ppsite f
decreased (paragraph 1 ) 2 b ri g ht ( p ara g ra p h 1 ) 3 dsappearance (paragraph 2)
6 Write a psitin f aut 0050 wrds in yu ntek Chse ONE pin
1
A dialgue Wrte a daloge between Coln and Jack a recent British retiree who is pl ann ing to move to the Soth o France
2 An inteview Wrte an nterview between an estate agent and a British pe nsione r who wants to by a hose in the Costa del So
Rewrite the sentene withut hanging its riginal eaning
The risi ng cost o lvin g and the bad c li mate are the reasons or ther eaving They let .. .... . .. .
·
Srt fr Peace and Mre he scene was a familiar ne a basketball match Like in any such event, the tensin culd be felt in the air Everyne tk a deep breath as Ruba std ready t sht She std aimed and ertlessly sht the ball int the hp here was an enthusiastic cheer as the crwd expressed their jy Hwever, this was mre than just anther match his was the realisatin f a yung Iraqi grls dream t be just like everyne else and t have the pprtunity t play sprt Sprts lessns, tuaments and camps are a part f a childs nrmal everyday life in the develped wrld Whether a child chses t participate r nt they have en dless pprtunities Yet, in much f the develping wrld, where war is t en the nrm, sprt is nt always part f a child s reality Sprt fr Peace, run by UNESCO the nited Natins Educatinal Scientic and Cultural Organizatin), understands that sprt can be a methd r change in aeas f cnict and hardship hey assert n their website that: Sprt is a pwerful tl t strengthen scial ties and newrks, and t prmte ideals f peace, ateity, slidarty nnvilence tlerance and justice In El Salvad where tensins have lng existed with neighburng Hnduas, a Sprt fr Peace prgramme was set up t encurage greater participatin in physical educatin and sprt, n rder put a stp t vilence, drug us e and hared And in Mzambique, a cunty where alking abut AS is tab, a sprts prgramme was als set up t prvide infrmatin abu HV and AIS h particpants were prvided with unique sprting pprtunities and educatinal sssins abut AS prevenin and eamen With numeus ther such pject and rganisatins usng sprt t encurage cperatin friendship and peace, it ges withut saying ha pr can d han simply pduce a healhy bdy and mind Chse the rret answer
1
3 Rewrte the sentenes wthut hann ther rna meann
he crowd was very enthusiastc because a Ruba was th e favoute basetba payer b Ruba was i e eveyone ese c Rub as partici paton was the ea isation of a dream
A Sport for Peace proga mme was set up to encourage greater participation in physical education an d sport Greate participaton ...............................................
2 Ch den n the developed word .. . a have many spotng oppotu ntes b. have to go to camp c don't li e to belong to a sports team
2 In Mozambi ue tain g about AIDS s taboo t is .............................................................................................. .
3 he Sport for Peace pogam me n Savado . . a . caused a war wth Honduras b sent payes to Hond u as c ai med to reduce violence and drug use
2
4 n wrs n te text tat mean
wthout dfficulty ( pa ra g ra p h ) 2 go on and on (paagaph 2)
Dee te wn sentenes are T True r ase n evene n the text t justy yur answers.
A sports prog amme was establ ished n Mozambu e to promote AID S awareness
2 he writer believes that sport doesn't real ly contribute to promoting peace.
3 to mae stronger paagaph 3) establish ed (paragraph )
Wrte a mpstn aut 0050 wrs in yur ntek Cse ONE ptn
1
n nn essay Do you a g ree tha t spot can bring a bout change n everybodys ife? Expa n th e reasons for you r answer.
2 n ntervew nterview Ruba about her experences payin g basetball a nd her tip to the USA.
x Pcc
Coober Pedy - White M's Hole i the Groud Ater a gruellng 850 drve rom Adelade wth virtaly nothng to look at bt the Astralan desert, or the Otback" as the locals like to ca it yo eventay reach Coober Pedy, the opal capital o the word. Folowing the discovery o massive qantities o precious opa gemstones by Wilie Htchinson in 1915, orne seekers rom all over the contry came to this isolated area in search o the valabe, co lourul stones that wold make them rch Armed with lttle more than a pick and sho ve, these early mners began tnnelling ndergrond Word spread ast, and Coober Pedy, or Whte Mans Hole in he Grond", as the local Aborgines called it, was onded At irst glance, the town looks almost desered with nothing but a ew shacks, the occa sonal bush and a smal nmber o trees. Scattered over the landscape are tall pipes that operate as ventilation spots, providing oxygen to the people living and working ndergrond With temperatres o over 40 degrees in summer and as low as degrees in winter the weather conditions can make lie above grond nbearabe. As a reslt, the eary setters decided that they would stay ndergrond 24 hors a day where temperatres remained comorable al year Over time, abandoned mines were converted into homes, known as dgots, which is where most o the locals live to this day The opal capita o the world is not a pretty place yet it is wel worh a visit So, i yo want to experence lie in an ndergrond town, and pck p a ew opas whle you are there I strongy recommend a stay in Coober Pedy in the mdde o the Astralan nowhere rr nwr 1 he "Otback" refers to a Coober Pedy b the Astral an desert c the road from Adela ide to Coober Pedy
2.
illie Htchinson a was an Aborigine b was discovered n 1 91 5 c n covered la rge deposits of opals in the area
3 hi ch of the fo owng is essenta l to the people of Coober Pedy a trees b ventilat on spots c shacks
2.
lwn nn r T Tru r n vn n u ur nwr
1 "hite Man's Hole in the Gron d" was the na me given to the town by l lie Htchinson
. . 2
he ta l pi pes are essentia l for life ndergrond
4 Anwr qun
hy is the isoa ted town of Coober Pedy stil l attractive to visitors 7
n wr r prn n mn
1 exhasting (paragraph 1)
2.
a sotary place (paragrap h 2)
3 abandoned (paragraph 3) 4 severe and physcal ly nco mfortable (paragrap h 4) ...............
Wr mpn u wr n ur n NE pn 1 f ad aga st essay he advantages and dsadvantages of living ndergrond
2
desc Descr be a town or ciy hat yo have visited
Presenting the Mockumentar was 8 pm on nday 30h Ocober 938, and millions of Americans were siing arond heir wielesses lisening o a radio show when i appeared o be inerrped by a news broadcas Liseners were old ha a hge aming objec" had faen from he sky ono a farm in New ersey, and aiens from anoher plane were eiing wha appeared o be a spaceship. The naion panicked. The broadcas was so lifelike ha i seemed o acaly be happening n fac he broadcas was a radio pay adaped from H.G Wels 898 nove e e The locaion had been changed, b he soy was sil l ha of a Marian invasion of Earh. Orson Weles he creaor, was accsed of prposely casing naionwide panic However wha he was really aiming o do was o prodce a new syle of enerainmen which wold blr he line beween reaiy and ficion This genre wod aer become known as he mockmenay Mockmenares appear o be docmenaries reaing reallife evens inerspersed wih inerviews. niiay he adience may hink ha wha hey are winessing is real, b he ofen orageos conen limaely makes i clear ha i is, in fac, a ficional represenaion. One of he bes eamples of his genre is he Bri ish TV series e e which porrays he daily rnning of a paper company n an ordnay English own A firs gance, he manager avid Bren, is seemingly professiona, b he viewer soon reaises ha he's compeely nprofessional, and hs saff s nmoivaed and ordinay. The scenarios ha arse in he workpace are boh embaassing and hilarios The genis of his show and oher sccessfl mockmenaries, i s he combinaion of clever scripwriing aong wih improvisaions by alened acors, and he se of seemingly hidden cameras ha record evens as hey nfold" This is achieved hrogh he se of saire, whle pshing he adiiona bondares of lm making However if he adience misses he opening credis, hey may msakenly beieve ha hey are waching he news, which cold once again res in panic.
Chse the rret answer
1
Wsss (line
1 refer to
a compters withot wres b h ge fla in g obects c radios
2
On Snd ay 30th October 938 ma ny peope thoght they were istening to a a ockentary b a news broadcast c a weath er forecast
3 Many people panicked becase . a they were convinced a iens had landed b al iens were abot to land c aens had an ded
2.
Dee the llwn sentenes are T True ase evene the tet t usty yur answers
1 2
W f Ws was originaly a radio pay
Cplete the sentenes usn the nrat ve n the tet
An E ng ish p aper company is . ... ... .... .... .... . ... ...
2
4 n wrs epesss the tet that
ean
1 2
3 ff is not a good exaple of a mockentary
realistic (paragraph
1
ake nclear paragraph
2)
3 shocking paragraph 3) li its (paragraph 5
Wrte a pstn aut wrs n yu nte Chse NE pt . An onion essay n yor opinion are ockentaries a god fr of entertainent Expla n why or why not
2 Mockentaries appear to be docentaries bt are in fact fictional
n less t he a die nce ............ ....... .. ..
A and against essay hat are the advantag es a nd dsadva ntages of watch ng a ckentary?
ct1 The Chooky Dancers Ten yong Aboriginal men covere d in white facial paint and dressed n traditional clothes are on stage The crowd is qiet and respectfl as they wait for the men to begin a tradtona Aboriginal dance depicting a tae from the Dreamtime" - the Aborigina story of creation A techno ve rsion of the theme song from the 9 lm Zb the msic Ths e Geek begins to pay srrsin the adience Th�o w watching fsion of Aboriinal and Greek cltres is both inn6vative an aros nknown to everyone, this i s the stt omething bigor ancers of Elcho Island, located o te coast of Aem Land, in the Northe Territory of Astralia Dance sed for telling stories abot Dreamtime has always been an important aspect of Aboriginal cltre � Aborigines Dreamtime was when the world was created by massive creates that ooked_ le animas pants and insect As the creatres roamed the word in search of food and water they created the montains valleys and plains These mythical creatres then passed on their wisdom to the Aboriines who protected their heritage and traditioa wa of ife throgh varos ceremonies song and dnces still practised to this day For yong pop growing p in remote pars of Astraa, sc as Echo Island their heritage is very imporant However they are not ct off from other cltres ode technoloies sch as the Inteet with its abiit to reach on the lanet, have expos the Aborignes to other cltres and vice versa In 2007 the J the most word was introdced to the Chooky ances who pa their version of Zb e Geek ont oTbe Thir scce ss was nstantaneos - These boys came from nowhere and after 2 months they are celebriti es the mseves- explained their manager Frank Djirrimbilpilwy The magic of the Chooky Dancers is their ability to combine raditional Aboriginal dance with msic and dance styles from other cltres They are also very fnny to watch The Chooky Dancers sccess has given yong Aborgnal teenagers throghot Astralia a sense of pride and enthsiasm he the rret ner
2
2.
he adience i going wild becae a they love techno m ic b they love the fil m the performa ne i both nexpete an hmoro
plete the entene ung the nrtn gen n the tet
y poadng ther vdeo o�o Yobe 4 Aner the quetn
he d a nc er a expected to become fam o b did n't know that they were abot to become famo c were famo in Greece e e the n entene re T True r le n eene n the tet t uty , yur ner
2
Aborigine believe that maive creatre created the "Dreamtime"
Mythica l creatre gave their knowledge to the Aborigi ne
3 People on Elcho Ila nd are not expoed to other c ltre
Accordng to the wrter what i the Chooky ancer greatet cce
n r r epren n the tet tht en
2
combnation (paragraph fnny (paragraph
3 traveled (paragraph
2)
4 iolated (parag raph 3)
6 rte tn ut r n yur ntek he ONE tn
im : rite a letter to a frie nd
2
ecribi ng a n n a l performance that yo have een recently ii y Do yo prefer live perormance or litenin g to mic C Explai n yor anwer
Lea to coucate
o be uent in several langages s no longer considered a rare alen, but a necesst o succeed and communcate n the world in which we now le. Many peole beliee ha once you are as chldhood, learnng a new language is too dcul This is no ue. Wheter you wan to learn Englsh, French, Spansh or Polish tere are schoos and courses geared for your needs and seccay aimed a adul earning Adu earnng s pro-acte; you are inoled ith the langage om the beginning and encouragd talk, whaeer your abilt here are a arety of metods aalable. oal mmerion noles sdyng for at least two wees n the coun where the langage s soen he aim of te immerson s to allow sudents to lie and breathe te new angage 4 hours a day There are als srctred classes based on drec audiosual mehods where te emhass s on leng he langage and the culte soa in ota immerson courses ary n lengh, but begnners can oen achiee a hgh lee of communicaton slls, een aer a shor perod A foregn langage can also be earned in sdens' nate counries a schoos whch hae aned nate-langage speaers. noter popular method s homestudy or selfeachng Home-stdy vdeos, cassetes and boos can all greatly imroe langage sls wth hghly sucured rogammes. Whaeer your needs may be, there is a cose ou tere for you Unloc the ey to anoher counrys culure or business - i nv b as"
A Answe the oowing questions in you own wods as a as possibe Accrdin te text learnin a frein lanuae is t diicult fr mst
peple wen tey are adus. Justify yur answer wit wds frm te text 1 mark Exlain meanin f e prase ta immersin'. 1 mark Apart frm ttal immersin wat ter metds f lanuae eanin des te tex descrie? Write 50-70 wrds 2 marks Find a wod o expesson n the tex which means the olowing: (1 m
direced permt fins successfuly make eer
C Compete he sentences with the coect om o the wods in capias (2 s
Wat impressed tem mst was is Enlis FUECY 2 Wats wrn wit Peter? He's n ery . tday CUNICA Im afrad e wn't e pass te exam ABILITY ary did nt reister fr te Plis curse ecause i was . LEGT D Wite a 0-70 wod summay o the text in you own wods (3 m
9
New tecolo in the classroom
s
he cassoom s n semaess umnae ony by compue sceens he sceens show ymbos eo maes an ex. The compuers speak recy o he pups hrouh heaphones eeconcay encouan coecn o conaan hem. Paon he cassoom s a facao' he ne name o escbe a eache. Ths scene s cona bu no as ursc as mh soun some pec cou be common by 2020 Bu no eeyone fees opmsc abou a re n whch compues ake he pace of backboas. raonay chren memose facs om boos an backboas ow ccs fea compers w make h aby o emembe an soe owee reunan because he emphass w be on he aby o an acce o ha owe om a aabase na Suspcons abou epenency on compue eann ae nceasn. On he one han hee ae hose wh ae ha he compu eouon w pmoe a new way of ean whch w hep an comee wh s economc ias On he ohe han hee ae hose who say ha he echnooy s ben msuse an ha counes such as Japan hae no nouce no schoos because hey wan he chen o unesan he bascs rs so ha hey an hen use he compue as a oo
A Decde the sttements beow re true o se Justy you nswer wth words om the tet (2 ms 2
n ry wnyr nury mny un my b ug by ompur vryboy i ppy bou ipprn of bkbor vryboy gr bou u of ompur rning ool. pn i ony ounry wr ompur r u in ool room
nd wods n the tet tht coesond to the menngs beow (2 m 2
moiving xpring pur pri or miron for oming uuy on ubiu not nry
Wht do the undened wods n the tet eer to (1 m
m .3 I i I wi . I i I i .3 D omlete the sentences beow wth the coect orm o the vebs n bckets (2 m 2
Tr wi vnuy op ... (u) bkbo Chirn prfr (mnpu) opur o . (mmori) x rom book. Compur mg ... (k) pl of bkbor. Sun will b b (g) lo of nformion from nrn
Wte n tentve tte o ths tet ( 1 m Answe t est one o the oowng (2 m) 'W pn on omputr mor mor in our vry y liv? W t r t advant ages and disadvant ages of computers? (90-100 words) 1
2 Wri ummry of x in your own wor 90 wor)
The hstor voyage o hrstopher olumbus
In 99 more han tiry counes ceebraed e 500h anniversay of he word's most f amou s tansalanic voyage Chrstophe Columbus is credted wh dscoverng' he ew Word on ht hsoric trip in 149 n fact of course some 20 mion nave eope wee already here befoe he stepped ashoe Many hsorians also caim hat the ngs saw it rs Bu was Coumbus who ae uroe aware of he exstence of he vast Amercan connen and who sarted he advenre whch has never stopped since the exploation conquest and seemen of hs newfound and By rghts t shoud have been named aer hm It didn' happen because a Venean busnessman and pooer erigo Vespucci fased he record of hs on vst mang appea at he got ere earier han he actuay did and was more eecve in spreading knowledge of the discovery and of ts tue nare e succeeded in getting his name atached rst to Sou America and en to e whoe connent though h took n pat n ealy voyages Admrers of erigo Vespucci age at Columbs came upon te ew World by accdent and hat he faed to den it correcty t is a muchpubicsed fact hat when he st sghted and he expeced to nd he ast Indes fo he had coe loong for a shorter roue o the rches of Chna and e Far ast Ths s why he caed he naves Idans an error perpeated by e generaons a foowed
A Decde he sttemens below e tue o se Jusy you nswe wth wods om the text (25 s) Te New Wol w compeely empy beoe Cope Coumbu ive 2 Accong o e ex e expoon conue n elemen o Ameic
been going on o cenuie Accoing o e ex eigo Vepucci w n one mn A i Columbu in elie e icovee new ln 5 Te min objecive o Coumbu voyge w o in e wy o ec e F nd wods n the tex ht coesond to the menngs beow (25 ) 2 5
on o ln molly/leglly connece w coninue
Rewte the ollowng sentences so tht the menng s the sme (2 m n oe n y counie ceebe e OO nnivey o e covey o Ameic The OOh nnvey . 2 He ucceee n geng h nme ce o Ameic He w D Answe t lest one o the ollowng (3 ms mgine you e oeigne vig Spi o e me Decibe you imeion (000 wo) 2 We ummy o e ex n you ow wo (0 wo)
94
Monca Seles retus to the net
he s bck n e foce is unoubtel wih he Monic ees hs esue he cee on he intenton tennis cicut s f she h nee been w ees oppe out of e ge in 1993 when n of he , te Gf stbbe he n he bck uing tounent n Gen he woun e b e knfe ws ite oe tn n inch eep n hee bo quck n w On Api 30, 99, Gunhe Pche, 9eo unepoe he opeto, steppe into he pice ees ws esng beeen ges in tch ginst Gf t e Rhenbu cub n Hbug Pche, ouge t ees shou he epce his e cee s e eng won pe ew out nne-inch knife n punge it nto he bck At st; he e cuse hs c to jup n gb behin he ck to n u wht h hut he t w on te, e eceing eent, ht she bece e A Gen poicewon to he tt e knife ws of he ype he ut use to cut susges n en soeone ese wke in cng he sht, coee wh boo. ht ws when I ost it, she si.
A Red the tet ceuly nd nswe the olowng quesons n you own wods (2 mrs
1 Why did Monica Seles sop playing ennis in 199? 2 A what poin id she eaise he seiousness of the attack Decde the stements below e tue o lse Justy you nswe wh wods om the tet (15 ms 1 Se Gaf pai someone o sab Monica Seles in the back 2 Monica hant ealised at fist how seious he woun might have been A Geman policewoman walke in with Monica's bloocovee shi. nd wods n the tet ht coesond to the menngs beow 1 m 1 an injuy to he boy mae inenionaly by a weapon 2 ony; simply D hoose the coect endng , b, c o d o the sentences beow (2 mrs
The autho says that Monica Seles .
a is not playing a te moment b has neve been away om ennis. c is playing again. is stating a new caee 2 The woun mae by the knife was .. a vey deep b not vey eep c iicult o heal. bleeing fo a ng time At the ime of he incient Monicas aggesso· .. a) had jus found a job b dd no have a job. c) ha been empoyed by Gaf.
d was dunk Monicas s eaction was to ump and . a touch he back b un ound c fall down. d folow he aggesso Answe es one o the oowng (3·5 ms
Competitive spots should not be taug in school becau they pomote
aggession: Give you opinion (80OOwos 2 at is the main iea expsse in the st paagaph of the text above? (20 wos
9
Coping wt addcon
ools nonyos (A), founded 60 yers go s nesngly fmlr o e genel pu s neork were exrnkers ge ogeer for e ' epy eps em o ope w er poem Sow ness ss ve oed o s f y rekng er onym nd refeg puy e wy A eped e Tlkng Rd rcey o Sr nony oks onfessed e d o ess efoe eoeg soe oug A. on Jo s noe oe nd ee e sme A meegs n od known o sgly glmoous nd pked w eeres. Tee re wo osndng ress of oos nonyos relly do mke ery spel n e wold ody s o ookng for money om nyone nd s no urously ookg for pul eer A reses ns euse deres o sefep nd e prnple of personl see does no eek puly euse prefes o work y ron er n promoon n word were ney eveone ndng res s oong fo o money nd py A ens efesngly loof.
A Read the text carefuly and answer the folowng questions in your own words. 1 Wy was Acoocs Anonymous foundd? ( mak) 2 How as Acooics Anonymous com popua 1 mak) 8 Are ese saemens true or false? Jusfy your answers (2 mark) 1 Antony Hopkns as nv ad any dink poms 2 is not intstd in mony o puicty C Fnd a word or phrae in the tex simlar n meaning to these defintons (1 mark 1 da wt 2 fatus D Compete e senences wi e correc ending beow (2 aks 1 n xdinks gt tot to tak aout .
a) ti common po ) dint dinks c) Si Antony Hpkins d) t pomoton of . 2 S Antony Hopkins conssd tat s if ad n a mss fo ... a) as mt xdnks n London ) fst sang on Rado Fou c) mt Eton on. d) covd is soty is not ooking fo mony caus its mms . a) gt mony om t govnmnt. ) a vy ic c) p ac ot atuiscay. d) a paid y ot asociatons. is not intstd in attacting dinks toug . a) psona svic. ) advtisng c) mdica advic. d) xdinks xpinc. Choose one of te foowng (3 marks 1 Pop an com addictd to amost anytn dus, acoo amng fast cas food tc Wat do you tnk maks pop com addicts ( wods) 2 Summais t txt in you own wods as fa as poss ( wods)
96
The human touch
Hum re ot the ol ms to tke pr i wr polcs d medicl reserch So ppret do chmpzees \e rst srted sdg hem hough the were icer hums ss Je Goodll he veer chmpzee expert Bu me hs reve led h he c e jus s wl s we e Durig he 30 ers of wtchg chmpzees Goodll hs wiessed pheome sch s the four er wr which to rv ries of chmps stegcl killed ech other The coic ws ppret eg oe re deermied to tke evege o techeros chmps who hd desered them to o he oher re othe specs Goodll d her coeges hve osered m skig simlrties etee hm d chmp ehvour Clothig: he hve lered o use tgs s shoes to proec ther feet from hors Medcie whe he re feelg sick cimpzees swlow he leves of sp plt h releves stomch pis d klls er prsies Relgo Goods chmps ve ee oered performg rl dce fro of hig wterfll ppetl dsplg he emotos th m hve ed erl hums to relgo
A Read he ex caefully and answe he foowng quesons n you own wods (2 mrks 1 Wat made Jae Goodall cage er mid abot e caracter o cimpazees? 2 Wat similarites did Goodal observe betwee mas ad cimazees? Decde f hese senences ae ue o false usfy you answes wh wods fom he tex (2 mks 1 2
Cimpazees are togt to beave like mas i some aspects Cimpazees ever make war o eac oter Cimpazees protect teir feet sig tors We cimpazees ave a stomac ace tey ake aspiri
C Fnd a wod o phase n he ex sma n meanng to these defnns (1.5 mks
1 ivestigatio 2 see by beig prese sowig great disloyaty D Rewte he folowng senences satng wh the wods povded (15 mks Goodal ad er coleages ave observed may srikig similarities betwee
ma ad cimp beavior ay srikig similaries 2 ey se wigs as soes o protect teir feet from ors ey protect tog cimpazees were icer a mas togt mas Choose one of the folowng (3 mrks
1 Wrie a acco of a real or ictioal mystery 120 words) 2 Smmarise te tex i yor ow words 50 words)
97
Central Park: New York's arden
Cr ar a Nw Yorrs gard Mos rsidts i ths cocr ug' dot hav gards ad prhaps tha s o of h rasos hr s such a srog fg of commua owrshp. Th par s rad ad rspctd b h mios who Nw Yor ad thos who vsi i simp as a pac for hag f It s prhaps th o sic of th Big App whch s quiab ddd umpod actor ma w pass roud a hat o d Mia Farrow or Dus oa drop i a coribuo haro So mght og h sam rou as a schoo d om arm th Maor coud discuss hs pias wih h par adat Od or oug rich or poor Amrica or ot Ca ar is a worg Ud Naos O wordas t prsois th paradoxs ad coradctios of Nw or whr ahig gos Do b surprisd o od a poi Good morig' o a mmacua drssd bussma cuig across h par o his wa o wor wh mutaous strig car of a wd shorscad saboardr hi ths costa h of ac ar mis of adscap whch ha b iicat pad w pop ras ha h par s a comp mamad r pad dsgd ad rd wh thought ad boc It s hard to b hat hs 840-acr par was u p to h 80s a combao of wasad ad swamp habd b squatrs ad hr tourag of pgs goas ad chcs.
A Answe is quesion n you own wods s f s possbe (1 ak
What does the autho mean y thee s such a song eelng o communal ownesh? Decde if he senences beow e ue o fse usfy you nswe wi wods fom he ex (2 aks 1 2
New Yokes dont take much cae o Cenal ak knds o eole walk n Cental Pak. Cental ak s a natura ark gs goats and chckens lve n the ak
Find wod o phse in he ex smi n mening o hese definons 2 mks
1 2
a cty aea full o g ldngs and wth no oen saces enoyng themselves to end you head owad and down eole who lve n emty uldngs whout emsson o ayment o en
D Rewie e following senences sing wih e wods povded (2 mks
1 The ak s teated and esected y mllons o New Yokes
Mllons o New Yokes .. 2 Te Mayo coud dscuss hs etunas wth the ak atendant he Mayo could talk .. Few eole ealse that the ak s a comleely manmade venue. Many eole .. It s had o eleve tha ths ak was a comnaton o wasteland and swam. t s ot E Answe one of e foowing (3 ks 1 aks ulc gadens and ohe geen saces ae essental n g ctes lke New
Yok London o Madd ve you onon (80100 wods) 2 Wte a descton o you deal lace o lve (80100 wods)
98
The new eneraon of farmyard clones M all m sheep here. ll Rchie gesture owars an annee o hs laborator where he ha
use a spark o electrict to vvi to ces tha grew into Morag an Megan he sisters who mae on-page heanes earler ths ear or being man-mae. he rs u o a technque ha can make mllons o ientical sheep, these innocent Welsh mountan sheep sparke a maor conrovers aou the rghts an wrongs o such research which s current being etene to creae supersheep an clone catte Rtche s one o he leang eponens o an astonishng tpe o genetc surger whch w allow scentists to manipulate armar animals more easl than ever wth a variet o enets to prouce rugs n hr mlk to grow aser or mea proucon, or to become resistan to iseases The surger s conuce uner the gaze o a microscope that sts in a small room n the Rosin nstut, where research s n che b cenra government Scentists have been cloning or ecaes. Al t requres is to ve up an earl embro an mplant each cump o cells into surrogate mothers to e a hanl o entica anmals Megan an Morag are ierent Mions of copes o them can now e mae.
A Aswe he qesios below i yo ow words 2 k 1 Wy ave Mrag and Megan aeared n te frnt age f newaer? 2 Wat are te advantage f maniulating farmyard animal? Decide i the seeces beow ae ue o alse ustiy you aswe wih wods om the ex (2 mk 1 2
Bl Ritcie make i ee in a ab Mrag and Megan ive in Engan. Labraty ceate animal never get l. Megan an Mrag il be te mde fr ter ee
C id a wod o phase i he ex simia i meaig to hese deiiios ( mk)
2
advantage argument dagreement inee eacty te ame
D Compee the seeces below wih he coect om o he wods i capias 2 k 1 Cnng ee a rved very .. CNTRVERSY 2 armer a ver t wrd ave ereed ... at Ricie tecnique ASTNISH Te duct f gd milk, egg, meat, etc wi be fr everybdy
BENEIT Te Rin nttute te .. wee ti reeac i being carried ut. CENTRAL E Aswe oe o he ollowig (3 mk)
1 Man unt interfere wit nature Give yur inn. 100-120 wrd 2 Write a ummary f te rert. 60-80 wr
99
LA sto
Yu e nna wa aun LA? a my mecan en. Dee e a? He wa efein my nmanaa ut pa ane a an tte ue a I n ue f cayn aun mney, ceit ca an e em f inteet teve. I mean, ave a nce ip, man, e ai, ut yue in e ve ait u ee S wa at wen I eppe the u n Hy Bueva, I wth a ceain uneane. My ue a infme me ta In LA u ae wa yu ive A ca i a mu I ae a pae-y f e ew wee I cu e a u t Dwnwn. e a an cme n i ca S t wa a ue, I u a I tue an te ewa ntcin w teatenn tn e LA, te mt npanne pawin mep n eat tee ae 46 quae me f ) eay e umae ca ciy I ce Hy Bueva wc ne f L mae ee wi ut i ane an fun a u tp My e cmpann wa a amp cnmn ane f my fea a ny te cay mana ae puc anp n LA. On e u I wa the ny we pen e ny pen w wa neie a eenae n 1 yea an e ny pen wi a ma a f vauae. We ve n Dwntwn an u at e tp neae my te wic wa actuay afan u wa away. In cin t ay n Dwntwn I a cnee w n On te ne an i a ee cmnn ue nanca ycape w uneve pve On te te an, te cente f L u evice ue y 5% f avee).
A Decde f these sateens are tre o fase. ust you answer wth wods fo the text ( 2 5 mks)
Th auhors Amrca fr was surprs ha h wa o wa arou LA 2 Accorg o h auhor's guoo a car s sstal LA Holywo Bular s a small sr Pulc aspor LA s ry popular 5 Th us sop whr h wrr go ou was ry ar o hs hol
Fnd a word or phrase n he ex siar n eaning to hese definitions (2 mks)
joy your joury 2 somo who wals alog th sr ralsg ha a o accou
C Rewe the ollowing senences starng wh the words provded (2 mks)
How hrag Hllywoo Bouar loo! Wha 2 Im srry I a h ac f my Amrca fr I wsh
D Answe at least one of the questons below (35 mks)
Compar h plac whr you l wth aohr plac you ha s (80 wors 2 Wr a summary h xt (68 wors
Chld Pcasso takes art world by storm
Se is o 10 ears ol bu Aexara Necia wo rs ou absrac paiis aer scoo is bei aie as e ew Picasso r collecors ave bee pa up o £20,000 for pais b e ou Romaia immia So far w exibios o e Wes Coas of merica a New Yor se as sol 250 cavases. Alexar wo as bee pai sice se coul wa a is compleel slfau seems upeurbe b e aeo er or as arace. Her mai wor is a i e poo area of Los ees wee se lives wi e as a bab boe ws of er sue wea mi ma if cu for e fam exaras pares e Romaia i e mi-1980s. Her faer Ni 39 is ow e maaer of a prosecs compa i LA er moer orica 32 is a cer espie e fac a Alexara e Romaia we se was ver ou ma of er paiis refe o er Romaa roos a e Romaia cure se e bei. He ar eacer is cocere abou e eec exaa's celebri ma ave o e fee sa er ae as ue io somei commercal. is worr o see a ci e io e wor of bsiess' exara oweve is eemie a eier fame or forue wil isac e om er ie's wo 10 o 20 eas me see msef as a lme ars' se sas. Bu fo ow wa reall ie is av m bab broer waci me ai. He scbbes o vri.
A Read the tet caely and anwer the oowng qetion n yo own word (2 mrk) Wy is Aexanra Necita worrie about er suen wealt 2 Wat ae Aexanra's fuure plas?
· · : : ' . 0 ° · 0 l .. .: :
B Decde the entence below ae tue o ae ty your anwe wth word om the et (2 mark) 2
Alexanra was born in the USA. Aexanra starte painting at a very early age. Te USA is e usual subec of Aexanras painngs Aexanras art teacer is very gla about er commercial success
C Fnd a wod o phrae n the et ma in meanng o hee denion (15 mrks)
someone coming into a counry from abroa to make their ome ere 2 a large amount of money an possessions working ring te wole of the usual workng perio D Rewte he oowng entence tatng wth the wod povded. (15 mak) Aexanra Necia s being ale as te new Picasso
Tey .. 2 e parents fle Romania in te mi98s er parens escape see myself as a fulltime arts she says Se says tat ..
E Anwe at leat one o the quetion �elow (3 mrk)
Wha are the avantages an savantages of hevng gea suess t vey young age (2 wors) 2 Wrie a formal leter o an art galery oering your panngs fo an exibtion (8 wors
The powers o the nd
5
au McKea has becme, a he ae h he ms success hps he busess be a eeae hs sefhep hypss des ae bessees e as has a heahy csuacy busess, advs pepe sess c ad e adveses h haess he sub-cscus Sme hse wh ccse hm say ha hs shw pacuay whe he has 00 p eo ple he sae s sma e mass pesuas sessis evaeica a-heaes cm Faih-heaes e me McKea says bu he ccedes I sme ways e ae vey dee hey use a he same echques ha I d ecep ha I ud ques he e sme hem e epas ha hee s h sse abu he ace sae We a vua he e ach T daydeam eve whe e ae shpp ave yu see pepe he supemae sad s wh a beas e had ad a peas he he uabe chse ad a a caaepc sa?' he supeaua pwe ha he aps he cams s he huma maa nd he eve uses cs us smpe scec echques me pepe assume ha I have sme pwe ve hem Bu I am aways quc say ha I d ha I y have he ab ec m hem he pe he have hemseves'
A Read he tex caefuy and answe he foowng quesons in you own wods (2 mas) Wat does Pal McKenna do? 2 How does Mcenna eate te tance state to daily lfe stations? B Decde f he senences beow ae ue o fase Jusi f you answes wih wods fom he ext. (2 mas) 1 2
Yo dont need to go to a ypnoss sow to go into a ance state Pal McKenna loves faiteales sessions McKenna says tee is noing mysterios aot ypnotism. Mcenna cams to ave powe ove peopes minds.
C ind a wod o phase n he ext simia in meanng o hese definiions (15 as)
1 thng tat ae sold in vey lage mes 2 honesy tstwoess cleve acts meant to deceive o ceat people D Rewte he folowing senences sang with he wods povded. (15 mars)
Besdes eing an entetaine is sefelp ypnosis videos ae estselles. Not only 2 Mcenna said, In some ways we ae not vey diffeen McKenna said tat He neve ses tcks icks .
E Answe a leas one of he followng 3 mas) 1 Descie a eal o maginay ypnoss sow. (80-100 wods) 2 Wite a smmay of te text (80 wods)
2
