QCVN06-2010_Eng Version_For Fire & Safety

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

VIETNAMESE CODE 06: 2010/BXD

VIETNAM BUILDING CODE ON FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS

HA NOI – 2010

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TABLE OF CONTENTS PREAMBLE��

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1. GENERAL REGULATIONS ��

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2. TECHNICAL CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE ��

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3. ENSURING THE SAFETY FOR PEOPLE ��

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4. STOPPING THE SPREADING FIRE ��

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5. FIRE FIGHTING AND EVACUATION ��

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Appendix A – Definition of Terms ��

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Appendix B�� Division of construction material according to the fire characteristic �� Appendix C�� Grading of house and rooms according to the fire and explosion danger �� Appendix D �� Protection regulations of anti-smoke for building and construction work �� Appendix E �� Requirements of fire protection distance between premises and works �� Appendix F �� Nominal fire resistance limits of some structure elements �� Appendix G �� Regulation on distance to emergency exits and emergency exit width �� Appendix H �� The Requirement Of The Limit Floors (The Limit Height) And Fire Area Of The Building ��

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TABLE OF CONTENTS PREAMBLE��

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1. GENERAL REGULATIONS ��

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2. TECHNICAL CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE ��

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3. ENSURING THE SAFETY FOR PEOPLE ��

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4. STOPPING THE SPREADING FIRE ��

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5. FIRE FIGHTING AND EVACUATION ��

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Appendix A – Definition of Terms ��

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Appendix B�� Division of construction material according to the fire characteristic �� Appendix C�� Grading of house and rooms according to the fire and explosion danger �� Appendix D �� Protection regulations of anti-smoke for building and construction work �� Appendix E �� Requirements of fire protection distance between premises and works �� Appendix F �� Nominal fire resistance limits of some structure elements �� Appendix G �� Regulation on distance to emergency exits and emergency exit width �� Appendix H �� The Requirement Of The Limit Floors (The Limit Height) And Fire Area Of The Building ��

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PREAMBLE

QCVN 06: 2010/BXD prepared by the Institute of Building Technology Science, submitted by Department of Technology Science and Environment, issued by the Ministry of Construction together with Circular No. 07 /2010/TT-BXD dated 28 /07/2010. This Regulation is revised and replaced Chapter 11, Part III, episode II, Vietnamese Construction Regulation issued together with Decision No. 439/BXD-CSXD of Minister of Construction on 25/9/1997.

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VIETNAM BUILDING CODE ON FIRE SAFETY OF BUILDINGS

1. GENERAL REGULATIONS 1.1.

Scope of application

1.1.1. This regulation prescribes general requirements of fire safety for rooms, houses and

construction buildings (hereinafter referred to as building) and it is obligatory to apply it in all phases of new construction, renovation, repair or change of function; it also specifies classification of fire grades for houses, parts of house, rooms, building structures and building materials. NOTE: The term "Fire Safety for houses, buildings" referred to section A.1 of Annex A.

1.1.2. Section 3, 4 and 5 of this regulation are not applied to building with particular function

(production or storage of explosive substances and facilities, oil depots and oil products, natural gas, repository of toxic chemicals, military works, underground of subways, mining projects, ...). 1.1.3. Standards and requirements of fire prevention, fire protection of materials in

construction standards must be based on the requirements of this regulation. Along with the application of this regulation, it must also comply with the specific requirements of fire prevention in other documents that are prescribed to each kind of house and building. When there is not standards specified as requirements of this regulation, it is allowed to use specific regulations in the current standards until such regulations are revised, as well as it it allowed to use current standards of foreign countries on the principle of ensuring the requirements of this regulation and the laws of Vietnam in the application of foreign standards on fire protection and application of foreign standards in construction activities in Vietnam. In current standards related to fire prevention, fire protection for houses and buildings, if there are provisions, technical requirements with level of fire safety lower than the rules and requirements of this regulation, this regulation will be applied. NOTE: The term "standard document" referred to Section A.11 of Annex A.

1.1.4. The design documentation and technical documentation of houses, structures,

components and construction materials must show the technical characteristics of fire as specified in this Regulation. 1.1.5. When design and construction, in addition to meeting this regulation, it must also

comply with the provisions in other documents related to fire prevention and other ��

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requirements for public works such as planning, architecture, structure, water supply systems, electrical systems, electrical equipment, lightning protection, fuel systems, heating, ventilation systems, air conditioning, safe when using glass and avoiding falling, breaking. 1.1.6. For houses without fire prevention & fire protection standards, as well as houses of fire

hazard group on the features F 1.3 (1) with a height greater than 75 m (2), houses of fire hazard group on the other features with a height greater than 50 m, houses with over one basement, especially complicated and unusual houses, it must comply with this regulation and also other additional technical requirements and solutions suitable to specific characteristics of fire prevention of theses houses on the basis of current applied standards. Theses requirements and solutions must be approved by authorized Police Department of fire and rescue. 1.1.7. In some particular cases, Ministry of Construction only allow to reduce some

requirements of this regulation for specific projects, when a feasibility study is submitted to the Ministry of Construction with additional measures, replacement; and this feasibility study must be appraised and approved by the Police Department of fire fighting and rescue. 1.1.8. When there is a change of function or change of planning and structure of existing

house or separate rooms of that house, it must apply this Regulation and current standard documents suitable to these changes. 1.1.9. For individual houses with 06 storeys or less, it is not required to apply this Regulation,

but comply with specific guidance which is appropriate to each kind of houses and residential areas. 1.2.

Application objects

Agencies, organizations and individuals involved in construction activities of civil and industrial building in Vietnam must obey provisions of this Regulation. 1.3.

Definitions

The terms and definitions in this Regulation are set out in Annex A. 1.4.

General regulations

1.4.1. For houses, design must include solutions of structure, planning of space and technical

of buildings to ensure that when fire occurs: - Everyone in the house (not dependent on age and health status) can be evacuated to outside into the safe areas (hereinafter referred to outside) before it happens risk of life��

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threatening and health because of the dangerous elements of the fire; - It is possible to safe people; - Forces and means of fire fighting can reach fire and implement fire fighting measures, rescue of persons and property - Do not let the fire spread to the adjacent houses, even in the case of a collapsed burning house. - To limit direct and indirect damages of material, including house and property inside the house, regard to economic correlation between losses and expenses for solutions and technical equipment for fire prevention. 1.4.2. During construction phase, it must ensure:

- To implement in priority measures of fire prevention following design complying with current standards and approved as prescribed; - To perform requirements of fire prevention and fire fighting for works under construction, auxiliary works and fire prevention regulations during construction and installation according to the Law of current fire protection; - To equip fire fighting facilities as prescribed and they must be available for use. - Ability to safe escape and rescue, as well as a protection of property in case of fire in building under construction on site. 1.4.3. During utilization, it must: - To retain structure, interior of house and availability of fire protection facilities

following design requirements and its technical documentations. - To perform regulations of fire protection under current law; - Do not allow to change structure or solutions of planning of space and technical of building without approved design as prescribed; - In case of repair, do not allow to use components and materials that do not meet requirements of current standards and regulations. For houses with restrictions of fire load, in terms of number of people in the house or any part of house, it must put inside the house a notice of these restrictions at conspicuous places; house management department must establish measures of fire protection and evacuation in case of fire. 1.4.4. When analyzing a risk of fire, it can use scenarios that are calculated based on correlation between parameters: development and spread of dangerous elements of fire, evacuation of people and implement of fire fighting.

2. TECHNICAL CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE 2.1. 2.1.1.

General regulations

Houses, parts and components of houses, rooms, construction materials, construction structures are classified in terms of fire based on following natures:

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Fire

hazard:

nature

arising

and

developing

elements

of

fire

hazard;

-

Fire resistance: nature against effects of the fire and prevention of spread of

dangerous elements of the fire. 2.1.2. Classification of fire is sued for establishment of necessary requirements of fire

protection of structures, rooms, houses, parts and components of houses depending on their fire resistance and / or their fire hazard. 2.2.

Construction materials

2.2.1. In terms of fire safety, construction materials is characterized by fire hazard.

Fire hazard of construction materials is determined by technical characteristics of fire as follows: Flammability, ignition, spread of fire on surface, ability of arising smoke and toxic.

2.2.2.

According to combustibility, construction materials are classified into non-flammable materials and flammable materials. Flammable materials are classified in 4 groups:

− Ch1 (slight combustion); − Ch2 (moderate combustion); − Ch3 (strong and moderate combustion); − Ch4 (deflagration). Combustibility and groups of construction materials are determined in Annex B, Item B.2. For non-flammable materials, it is not specified on fire hazard and other criteria. 2.2.3. According to combustibility, flammable materials are classified in 3 groups:

− BC1 (difficult to burn); − BC2 (medium flammable); − BC3 (strong flammable). Materials with combustibility are determined in Annex B, Item B.3. 2.2.4. According to spread of fire on surface, flammable materials are classified in 4 groups:

− LT1 (non - spreading); − LT2 (weak spreading); − LT3 (moderate spreading); − LT4 (strong spreading). ��

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Construction materials with spread of fire on surface are specified for surface materials of roof and floor, including carpet in Annex B, item B.4. For other construction materials, it is not determined and specified classification of spread of fire on surface. 2.2.5. According to ability of arising smoke, flammable construction materials are classified in 3 groups:

− SK1 (low smoking ability); − SK2 (moderate smoking ability); − SK3 (high smoking ability). Construction materials classified as smoking ability are determined in Annex B, item B.5. 2.2.6. According to toxicity of flammable products, flammable materials are classified in 4 groups:

− ĐT1 (low toxicity); − ĐT2 (moderate toxicity); − ĐT3 (high toxicity); − ĐT4 (extremely high toxicity). Construction materials classified as toxicity of flammable products are determined in Annex B, item B.6. 2.3.

Construction structures

2.3.1. Construction structures are characterized by fire resistance and fire hazard.

Fire resistance of a structure is represented by its limit of fire resistance. Fire hazard of a structure is represented by its level of fire danger.

2.3.2. Limit of fire resistance of structure is determined by a period of time (in minute) since

starting of fire test under standard temperature until an appearance of one or some continuous signs of limit state specified for structure as follows: − Loss of load capacity (load capacity is symbolic by letter R); − Loss of integrity (integrity is symbolic by letter E); − Loss of heat insulation capacity (heat insulation capacity is symbolic by letter I) NOTE: 1) Fire resistance limit of construction structure is determined by fire test according to standards TCXDVN 342: 2005 to TCXDVN 348: 2005(1) or equivalent standards. Fire resistance limit of construction

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structure can be determined by calculation following applied designed fire resistance standard. 2) Required fire resistance limit of structure is specifically prescribed in this Regulation and in technical standards for each type of project. Required fire resistance limit of structure is symbolic by REI, EI, RE or R together with corresponding time index affected by fire in minute. For example: structure with fire resistance limit REI 120 means that structure must retain 3 capacities: load, integrity, heat insulation during period of fire of 120 minutes; structure with fire resistance R60 means that structure must maintain load capacity during 60 minutes, heat insulation capacity and integrity are not required. 3) Construction structure is considered as meeting requirements of fire resistance if it is satisfied one of two following conditions: a) Composition of structure with specification similar to test of fire resistance; and this test shows fire resistance limit not less than required fire resistance of this structure. b) Composition of structure with specification suitable to structure mentioned in Annex F; and corresponding nominal fire limit in this Annex is not less than required fire limit of this structure.

2.3.3. According to fire hazard, construction structures are classified in 4 grades:

− K0 (non risk of fire); − K1 (low risk of fire); − K2 (moderate risk of fire); − K3 (fire danger). NOTE: 1) Level of fire hazard of construction structure is determined by testing according to Vietnam's current standards or equivalent. 2) It is allowed to determine level of fire hazard of structure without testing as follows: + Level K0: if structure is composed of non-flammable material; + Level K1: if outer surface of structure is composed of material with specifications of fire less dangerous than Ch1, BC1, SK1; + Level K2: if outer surface of structure is composed of material with specifications of fire less dangerous than Ch2, BC2, SK2; + Level K3: if outer surface of structure is composed of material with only one of these specifications of fire less dangerous than Ch3, BC3, SK3;

2.4 2.4.1

2.4.2

Fire prevention The fire prevention is used in order to stop fire and combustion products spread out from combustion chamber or a fire compartment to other ones. The fire prevention is included fire prevention wall, fire partition, fire slab. The fire prevention is specified by fire resistant of its parts, including: - Separation (partition, wall, slab …); - Fixings of separation (frame, bracing …); - Supports of separation (supported beam, frame, supporting wall…); - Connecting details; Fire resistance limit in status of none bearing capacity (R) of the Fixings of separation, of Supports of separation and connecting details of them must not be lower than the required fire resistance limit of separation. Fire hazard of fire prevention part is defined by the fire hazard of separation as well as the connection details and fixings of separation.

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2.4.3

Fire prevention part must be separated according to fire resistance limit of separation as in Table 1. If the fire prevention parts have door, gate, cover, valve, window, curtain (hereby called door and fire valve in general), or if those doors have the separated chamber (called fire chamber), doors, fire valve and fire chamber must be the kinds that have the fire prevention ability in accordance to type of fire prevention part as stipulated in Table 1. Fire resistance limit of doors and fire valves in fire prevention part is stipulated in Table 2. Fire resistance limit of parts of fire chamber (partition, slab, door and fire valve) at doors and fire valve in fire prevention part must be accordance to regulations in Table 3. Fire prevention part Type 1 must be belonged to fire hazard grade K0. In particular cases, it is allowed to use grade K1 in fire prevention parts type 2 to type 4:

Fire prevention parts

Table 1 – Categorization the fire prevention parts Type of door and Fire resistance limit Type of fire stop fire valve in fire of fire prevention parts prevention parts, parts, not less than not lower than

Type of fire chamber, not lower than

Fire prevention wall

1

REI 150

1

1

2

REI 60

2

2

Fire prevention partition

1

EI 45

2

1

2

EI 15

3

2

1

REI 150

1

1

2

REI 60

2

1

3

REI 45

3

1

4

REI 15

4

2

Fire fighting floor

Table 2 – Fire resistance limit of door and fire valve in fire prevention parts Door and fire valve in fire Type of door and fire valve in Fire resistance limit, not prevention parts fire prevention parts, less than

Door, gate, cover, valve

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1

EI 70

2

EI 45*

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Window

Curtain

3

EI 15

1

E 70

2

E 45

3

E15

1

EI 70

NOTE: * Fire resistance limit of door in lift opening is allowed to be not less than E 45.

Table 3 – Fire resistance limit of parts of fire chamber at door and fire valve in fire prevention parts Type of fire Fire resistance limit of parts of fire chamber, not less than chamber Chamber walls Chamber floors Door and valve of chamber

1

EI 45

REI 45

EI 30

2

EI 15

REI 15

EI 15

2.5 2.5.1

Lift and Staircase: Lift and staircase used for exit are separated into following types: a) Types of staircase: + Type 1 – indoor staircase, located in staircase box; + Type 2 – indoor staircase, opened; + Type 3 – outdoor staircase, opened; Note: “opened” means not to put in staircase box. b) Types of normal staircase boxes: + L1 – having door openings in every floor (opened or installed glass); + L2 – natural lighting from roof openings (opened or installed glass); c) Types of staircases that not be affected by smoke: + N1 – having the entrance to staircase box from each floor by traversing the outdoor clearance of opening walkway (this clearance is usually in loggia or balcony type). The walkway throughout this clearance is not affected by smoke. + N2 – having positive air pressure (air pressure in staircase box is higher than outside staircase) in the staircase box in case of combustion. + N3 – having the entrance to staircase box from each floor by traversing fire chamber of positive air pressure (the positive air pressure in fire chamber is regular or in case of combustion). 2.5.2 Fire escape that serves for fire fighting and rescue are classified into two following kinds: - P1 – Vertical staircase ��

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- P2 – Step staircase with the inclination is not over 6:1 (not over 80 ) 2.6 2.6.1

Building, fire chamber, compartment Building or parts of building that is separated by fire walls – class 1 (called fire chamber) is classified by fire-resistance grade, structural fire hazard grade and usage fire hazard group. - Fire-resistance grade of building and fire chamber are defined by fire-resistance limit of their construction elements; - Structural fire hazard grade of building and fire chamber are defined by participation degree of construction elements into the fire development and formation of hazard factors of flame. - Usage fire hazard group of building and parts of building are defined by the purpose of use and feature of technological procedures that arranged inside them;

2.6.2

Building and fire chambers are classified by fire-resistance grade as Table 4. Load-bearing parts of building include load-bearing columns and walls, struts, solid partitions; slab parts (beam, bar, plate) participated in the guarantee of general stability and shape non-variation of building in case of combustion. Load-bearing elements that are not participated in the guarantee of general stability of building must be instructed in specification of building by the designer. There is no regulation of fire resistance limit for sealed parts of clearance hole (doors, gates, windows, manholes, skylight), except doors, fire valve inside fire prevention parts and in particular cases. In case of minimum fire resistance limit of required element is R 15 (RE 15, REI 15), it is allowed to use uncoated protection steel structure without depending on its actual fire resistance limit, except the cases when fire resistance limit of load-bearing parts of building according to test result is less than R 8. In staircase boxes that are not affected by smoke – N1 type, staircase plates and landings are allowed to use with fire resistance R 15 and belongs to the fire hazard grade K0. Table 4 – Fire resistance grade of building Fire resistance limit of construction element, not less than

Fire resistance grade of building

Loadbearing part of building

External wall non loadbearing

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Flooring between floors (include attic floor and floor

Roof component (without attic floor) Roof plate (including

Truss, beam, purlin

Staircase box

Internal wall of staircase

Staircase plates and ��

above basement)

insulating roof plate)

box

landings

I

R 150

E 30

REI 60

RE 30

R 30

REI 150

R 60

II

R 120

E 15

REI 45

RE 15

R 15

REI 120

R 60

III

R 90

E 15

REI 45

RE 15

R 15

REI 90

R 60

IV

R 30

E 15

REI 15

RE 15

R 15

REI 30

R 15

V

No regulation

NOTE: 1) Inside the buildings with fire resistance grade I, II, III, the floor and ceiling of the basement, half-basement must be made from non-flammable materials and has fire st resistance limit at least 90 minutes. Flooring of 1 floor and top floor must be made from materials with combustibility not less than the Ch1. 2) In the buildings with fire resistance grade IV and V, the floor of basement or half basement must be made from materials with combustibility not less than the Ch1 and has fire resistance limit not less than 45 minutes. 3) In the rooms with the production or storage of flammable liquids, the floor must be non-flammable materials. 4) Walls, wall partition and floor of the lift box and machine room of lift located inside house of any fire resistance grade must be made from non-flammable materials with fire resistance limit not less than 60 minutes. If the lift is located outside, the fire resistance limit of stated parts not less than 30 minutes. 5) Wall, cover of the middle corridor of the house with fire resistance grade I, must be made from non-flammable materials with fire resistance limit at least 30 minutes and the house with fire resistance grade II, III and IV must be made from non-flammable materials or weak combustion (Ch1) with fire resistance limit at least 15 minutes. Particularly, the house with fire resistance grade II of production D, E class, can be covered up the corridor with glass walls.

2.6.3

According to the structural fire hazard, building and fire chambers that are classified by 4 grades S0, S1, S2, S3 as in Table 5 are called the structural fire hazard grade of building. There is no regulation of fire hazard for doors, gates, windows, manholes in cladding structures of building except particular cases.

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Table 5 – Structural fire hazard grade of building Structural fire hazard grade of construction element, not less than Structural fire hazard grade of building

S0 S1 S2 S3

Loadbearing parts External wall – bar form from outside (column, bar, truss, etc…)

K0 K1 K3

K0 K2 K3 No regulation

Wall, partition, floor and roof without attic floor

Wall of staircase box and fire prevention parts

Staircase plates and landings in staircase box

K0 K1 K2

K0 K0 K1 K1

K0 K0 K1 K3

2.6.4

When applied to actual construction of structures or structural system without defining their fire resistance limit or fire hazard grade based on standard fire resistance tests or based on calculation, it is necessary to carry out the fire resistance test for samples similar to real structure of those parts as requirement of current regulation on fire resistance test.

2.6.5

Building and parts of building (rooms or group of rooms with relevant usages) are classified by usage fire hazard groups depending on the feature of use, the threat level to safety of people in case of happening flame that allow for: age, physical condition, the ability of having persons to sleep, groups of users on the main functions and the number of that group. Categorization of usage fire hazard is stipulated in Table 6. Building and room used for production or storage are classified by fire and detonating combustion hazard depending on the number and detonating combustion hazardous nature of substances and materials contained inside, allow for feature of productive technological procedure. The classification is stipulated in Annex C. Production compartments and storage compartments, including laboratories and factories in buildings of group F 1, F 2, F 3 and F 4, will be arranged in group F 5. Table 6 – Categorization of building based on usage fire hazard

Group

Purpose of use

Feature of use

(1)

(2)

(3)

F1

F1.1

House for living regularly or temporarily Rooms in this building are usually used for both day and night. Group of people (in which living all day and night) which can include a lot of ages and Kindergarten, nursery school, function different physical condition. house for senior citizen and handicapped Characteristic of these buildings are people (not apartment), hospital, block of included the bedroom. houses of boarding schools and of schools

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for children;

F.1.2

Hotels, hostels, block of houses of nursing establishment and general accommodation, from campsites, motels and nursing homes;

F.1.3

House with a lot of flats (Apartments)

F.1.4

House with a separated apartment including houses with semi-detached apartments and each apartment has its own way out.

F2

Main rooms in this building are specified by a large number of visitors stay in the certain time.

Mass sport-culture buildings

F.2.1

Theatres, cinemas, concert halls, clubs, circuses, sport works with stand, libraries and other projects have calculated the number of seats for guests in the closed rooms;

F.2.2

Museums, exhibitions, dance rooms and other similar establishments in the closed rooms;

F.2.3

The establishments are mentioned Section F.2.1, open to outdoor;

in

F.2.4

The establishments are mentioned Section F.2.2, open to outdoor;

in

F3

Residential service establishments

F.3.1

Sale establishments;

F.3.2

Public catering establishments;

F.3.3

Railway Stations;

F.3.4

General practice clinics and emergency;

F.3.5

Rooms for guests of life and public service establishments where the number of seats for guests not be calculated (post office, saving fund, ticket office, a legal advice

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The rooms of these establishments are specified by a large number of visitors are greater than service staffs.

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office, notary office, laundry shop, the garment, shoe and clothing repair shop, barber shop, funeral service establishment, religious establishment and similar institutions);

F.3.6

F4

F.4.1

The physical training complexes and sport practice areas without stand; The service rooms; Bathroom; Schools, designing and science Rooms in these buildings are used for the certain times in a day, there is fixed organizations, management agencies. group of people inside rooms, acquainted with condition in place with defined age and physical condition. High schools, training institutions outside the high schools, professional schools, vocational schools;

F.4.2

Universities, colleges, professional improvement training schools;

F.4.3

Establishments of management agencies, designing organizations, information and publishing house organizations, scientific research organizations, banks, agencies and offices;

F.4.4

Stations (teams) of fire fighting and rescue salvage.

F5

Buildings, works, rooms production or warehouse.

used

for These rooms are specified by the presence of group of people that work fixedly, include working all day and night.

F.5.1

Buildings and production works, production and testing compartments, workshop;

F.5.2

Buildings and warehouse works, car parking without technical service and repair, book store, storage, and storage rooms;

F.5.3

Buildings for agricultural purpose.

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3. ENSURING THE SAFETY FOR PEOPLE 3.1.

General regulation

3.1.1. -

The requirements of this section in order to ensure: Timely and unobstructed escape for people. Rescuing the people to be effected by the hazardous factors of fire. Protecting people on the way to escape, avoiding the people to be effected by the hazardous factors of flame.

3.1.2. Escape is the organized self-moved process of people to go out from the rooms, where the hazardous factors of flame may impact on them. Escape is also the lost self-control movement of group who is less likely to mobilize and carried out by the service staffs. Escape is executed on the exit routes through by the escape exits. 3.1.3. Rescue is the compelled movement of people to go out when they are affected by the hazardous factors or when appearing the direct hazard of these effects. Rescue is executed self-control with the supporting of the fire fighting forces or the staffs are trained professionally, including the use of the rescue means, escape through by the exits and the emergency exits. 3.1.4. The people protection on the escape routes must be ensured by a combination of the space planning solutions, facilities, structures, engineering technique and organization.

Escape routes within the room must ensure the safe escape through the escape exit from that room without allowing for the smoke protection and fire-fighting means in this room. Outside the room, we must allow for the protection of the escape routes from the safe escape conditions for people that is mentioned to the usage fire hazard of the rooms on the way out to escape, number of people escape, fire resistance grade and structural fire hazard grade of the building, number of exits from a floor and escape from the entire house. Inside the room and on the escape route outside the room, it must limit the fire hazard of construction materials of the structure surface layers (finishing layer and facing) depending on the usage re hazard of the room and house, allow for the other solutions for the protection of the escape routes. 3.1.5. When arranging the escape routes from the room and the house, it is not allowed for the methods and means to rescue, as well as the exits do not meet the requirement of the escape exit as specified in Section 3.2.1.

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3.1.6. Do not allow to arrange the rooms belong to class A or class B of group F 5 below the rooms which have presence of more than 50 people at the same time, as well as in the basement or half-basement.

Do not allow to arrange the room belong to group F 1.1, F 1.2 and F 1.3 in the basement or half-basement. NOTE: 1) Basement is the floor which over the half of its height is under the ground level of the construction according to the approved Urbanism planning. 2) Half-basement is the floor which the half of its height is upper or horizontal the ground level of the construction according to the approved Urbanism planning.

3.1.7. To ensure the safe escape, it must discover the fire and fire alarm in time. Building and parts of building must be equipped with the fire alarm systems according to the current regulations. NOTE: The basis requirements about the fire alarm system arrangement are stipulated in TCVN 3890: 2009.

3.1.8. To protect the escape for people, the escape routes of the house or the part of the house must be protected against the penetration of smoke. NOTE: The basis requirements about the smoke protection of the house are stipulated in Annex D.

3.1.9. The effect of measures to ensure the safety for people while fire can be assessed by calculation. 3.2.

The escape exit and emergency exit

3.2.1. The exits are considered the escape exits (also called the escape routes) if: st

a) To be connected from the rooms of 1 floor to go out according to one of following methods: - To go out directly; - To corridor; - To entrance (or waiting room); - To staircase; - To corridor and entrance (or waiting room); - To corridor and staircase; b) Starting from rooms of any levels, except level 1, into one of the following places: - Directly to the walking staircase or the walking staircase class 3; - Into corridor or directly to the walking staircase cage or walking staircase class 3; - Into the common room (Or waiting room) having exit directly to the walking staircase cage or walking staircase class 3; ��

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c) Leading to the adjacent room (Except room of group F5 class A or B) on the same level from which there are exits as shown at a) and b). Exits into room class A or B are considered to be emergency exits if they start from technical local without place for frequently working people but which is only used to serve rooms of class A or B as said above. 3.2.2. Exits from the basement and half-basement are emergency exits when they lead directly

outside and are separate from the common walking staircase of the building. It is allowable to arrange: − The emergency exits from the basement through common walking staircase cages which have private walk way to outside separated from the remainder of the walking staircase by using fire-rated solid partition class 1; − The emergency exits from the basement and half-basement which have rooms of class C, D, E, going into rooms of class C4, D and E and going into the hall on level 1 of the group F5 when satisfying the requests of 4.24; − Emergency exits from the waiting room, locker-room, smoking room and sanitary rooms on the basement or half-basement of building group F2, F3, and F4 going into the hall of level 1 through private walking staircase class 2; − Intermediate space, including double intermediate space on the direct exit way from the house, from the basement and half-basement. 3.2.3.

Exits are not considered as emergency exits if at these exits entrance doors or gates having sliding or folded up wings, rolling shutter, rotating shutter are installed. Doors having outside opening wings (Hinged doors) as listed above are considered as emergency exits.

3.2.4. The quantity and width of emergency exits from rooms, levels and houses are calculated

accordingly to the max number of exit people which could get through of them and the permitted limit distance from the farthest point which may have people (Activities, working place) to the nearest emergency exit. NOTE: 1) The max number of exit people from various spaces of the building or building part is calculated accordingly to the appendix G, article G.3; 2) Apart from common requests as shown in this Code, the quantity and emergency exit width are shown in the Technical Code applied for each class of construction. Appendix G shows some regulations for some popular groups of houses.

Parts of houses which are in risk of fire according to various functions and separated by firestopping components have to have private emergency exits. 3.2.5. The following rooms have to have not fewer than 2 emergency exits:

− Rooms of group F 1.1 having at the same time over 10 people; ��

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− Rooms in the basement and half basement having at the same time over 15 people; except rooms in the basement and half basement having from 6 to 15 people at the same time, then one of two exits has to respect requests shown in 3.2.13d; − Rooms having at the same time over 50 people; − Rooms of group F5 class A or B having people working in the most crowded shift over 5 people, class C – over 25 people or having a surface over 1.000 m2; − Open working platform or platforms used for maintenance staffs in rooms belonging to class F5 having a surface over 100 m2 – To rooms belonging to class A and B or having a surface over 400 m2 – To rooms belonging to other classes. Rooms of group F1.3 (Apartment) arranged on both floors (2 levels – which are usually called 2-storey apartment), when the higher storey height is over 18m then it is asked to have emergency exits for each storey. 3.2.6. Storeys belonging to following groups have to have not fewer than 2 emergency exits:

− F 1.1; F 1.2; F 2.1; F 2.2; F 3; F 4; − F 1.3 when the total surface of apartments on one storey is over 500 m2 (To single house this surface is that of one storey of the single house). In case the total surface is less than 500 m2 and when there is only 1 emergency exit from each level, then with each apartment at the height of over 15m, apart from the emergency exit it is asked to have an urgent exit following 3.2.13; − F 5, class A or B when the number of people working in the most crowded shift is over 5 people, class C when the number of people working in the most crowded shift is over 25 people. Basement and half basement have to have nor fewer than 2 emergency exits when the surface is over 300 m2 or when there are 25 people present at the same time. In houses having height not higher than 15m, it is allowable to have one emergency exit from each floor (Or from one part of the floor separated from other parts of the floor by fire-stopping components) which has fire risk according to function F 1.2, F 3, F 4.3 having surface over 300 m2, with the number of people not over 20 people and when the emergency exit entering into the walking staircase which has fire-rated door of class 2 (Table 2). 3.2.7. The number of emergency exits from one level is not fewer than 2 of this level has

rooms whose request on the number of emergency exits is not fewer than 2. The number of emergency exits of a house is not fewer than the number of emergency exits from any levels of that house. 3.2.8

When there are 2 emergency exits or over, they have to be distributed (Except exit way from corridors into smoke uncontaminated walking staircase). Min distance L(m)

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between farthest emergency exits (This one to another) is calculated accordingly to the formula: - For exit way from rooms:

L ≥1,50

- For exit way from corridors: L ≥0,33 In which: P – Room perimeter, m; n – Number of emergency exit; D – Corridor length, m. If in the room, on the level or in the house which has 2 emergency exits or over, then in calculation regarding to exit capacity of exit ways it is need to assume that the fire stops people using those exit ways. The remaining exit ways have to make sure a safe emergency exit for all people in rooms, on the level or in that house. 3.2.9

Clear height of emergency exit must not smaller than 1,9m , clear width will not be smaller than : + 1,2 m – from rooms belonging to group F 1.1 when exit people is over than 15 people, from rooms and houses belonging to fire risk group of other function which have exit people over 50 people , except group F 1.3; + 0,8m – For all other cases. The external doors width of the walking staircase as well as all doors from the walking staircase into hall will not smaller than the calculation value or the width value of stairs slab specified in 3.4.1. In all cases, when deciding the width of an emergency exit it is asked to take into account of the geometry shape of the exit way through door or door opening in order not to disturb the movement of stretcher on which there is man.

3.2.10 Doors of emergency exits and other doors on the exit way have to open along the exit flux from inside to outside. There is no regulation on opening direction for: a) Rooms belonging to group F1.3 and 1.4; b) Rooms containing at the same time not over 15 people, except rooms of class A or B; c) Storages having surface not over than 200 m2 and there is no place for people working frequently; d) Sanitary rooms; e) Exit way leading to standing of walking staircase class 3. 3.2.11 Doors of emergency exits from level corridors, common space, waiting room, hall and walking staircase chamber must not equipped with locks so that they could be easily ��

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open from inside without key. In building having height over 15m, door wings as said above, except apartment doors, have to be solid or in temper glazing. For staircase chambers, entrance doors have to be equipped with door closers and door gaps have to be well sealed .Door inside walking staircase chamber, which are directly open to the outside, are not in need of door closers and it is no need to well door gaps. Doors of emergency exits from rooms or corridors have to be anti- enforced smoke, they have to be solid doors and equipped with door closers and doors gaps have to be well sealed. These doors which may be open for service, then they have to be equipped with door closers in prevention of fire. 3.2.12 Exits which do not satisfy requests applied for emergency exits could be considered as urgent exits in order to increase safety level for people in case of fire. Urgent exits are not taken into account of emergency exit in case of fire. 3.2.13 Apart from cases as shown in 3.2.12, urgent exits also includes: a) Exits to balcony or loggia, where there is solid wall whose width is not smaller 1.2m from the balcony edge ( Loggia) to window ( Or glazing door) or not smaller than 1.6m between glazing panels opening to balcony (( Loggia); b) Exits leading to an intermediate open walk way( Crossing Bridge ) and then to an adjacent single house belonging to group F1.3 or to an adjacent fire compartment .This intermediate walk way has to be not smaller 0.6 m in width; c) Exits to balcony or loggia, where there is an outside staircase connecting balconies or Loggias of each level; d) Exits to outside directly from rooms which have finish floor level not smaller than 4.5m and not bigger than 5.0m through windows or doors having size not smaller than 0.75m x 1.5m, also through trap doors having size not smaller than 0.6m x 0.8m; In that case at these exits there have to be ladders, slope of these ladders are not specified; e) Exits outside house roof which have fire rate of I, II and III belonging to SO and SI through windows, doors or trap doors with dimension and ladders specified in article d). 3.2.14 In technical levels it is allowable to arrange emergency exits with their heights not smaller than 1.8m;

From technical levels in which they are only used for construction technical networks (Piping, wirings,..) it is allowable to arrange urgent exits through doors with dimension not smaller than 0.75m x 1.5m or through trap doors with dimension not smaller than 0.6m x 0.8m but no need to arrange emergency exits. When the technical levels have their surface up to 300m2 it is allowable to arrange one exit, and with each next surface which is smaller than 2.000m2 then it is asked to arrange not fewer than one exit. In underground technical levels these exits have to be separated from other exits of the building and directly led to the outside.

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3.3

Emergency exit

3.3.1

The emergency exit is a line for continuous moving and could not be interrupted from any Points in the building or construction on the way to the outside, Emergency exits have to be well lit up and properly instructed accordingly to Standards TCVN 3890: 2009 – Fire protection instruments equipped for house and construction, arrangement, testing and handing.

3.3.2

The allowable limit distance from the farthest point of the room, or from the farthest working place to the nearest emergency exit, which is measured along the axe of emergency exit line, has to be limited depending on: + Fire Danger group according to function and explosion danger class of the room and house; + The number of exit people; + Geometry parameters of the room and the emergency exit line; + Structure Fire danger grade and fire rate of the house. Length of the emergency exit line along walking staircase of class 2 is equal to 3 times of that staircase height.

NOTE:

Request in detail on allowable limit distance from the farthest point to the nearest emergency exit is shown in Codes applied for each kind of construction. Appendix G shows some regulations for some popular groups of house.

3.3.3

In arrangement, Design if emergency exit lines it is asked to respect requests of 3.2.1. The emergency exit line is not composed of lift, rolling elevator and some lines as shown below: - Lines through corridors which have exits from lift cabinet, through lift lobby and intermediated compartment in from of lift, if the covering structure of the lift cabinet, including lift cabinet door, could not satisfy requests as to fire stopping components; - Lines through walking staircase chambers when they have a way getting through the standing of the staircase chamber are a part of the corridor, as well as the way getting through the room in which a walking staircase of class 2 is installed, and that this staircase is not the staircase of emergency exit; - Lines along house roof, except roof which are in use or a roof part which is equipped specifically for emergency exit purpose; - Lines along walking staircase of class 2, which connect from and over 3 levels ( Floors) as well as leading from basement and half basement, except cases as shown in 3.2.2.

3.3.4

On emergency exit lines in buildings belonging to all fire rates and structure fire danger grade, except buildings which have their fire rate of class V and building belonging to S3, it is not allowable to use materials which have their fire danger higher than that of groups as listed below: - Ch1, BC1, SK2, ĐT2 –M To wall finishing, ceiling and suspending ceiling board in halls, walking staircase chamber and inside lift lobby; - Ch2, BC2, SK3, ĐT3 or Ch2, BC3, ĐT2- To wall finishing, ceiling and suspending ceiling board in common corridor, common room and waiting room; - Ch2, LT2, SK2, ĐT2 – To floor covering in hall, walking staircase chamber and lift

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lobby; - BC2, LT2, SK3, ĐT2- To floor coverings in the common corridor, common space and waiting room. In rooms belonging to group F5 of class A,B and C1 , in which there is manufacture process, using or storing combustible liquids, the floors then have to be made in noncombustible materials or materials which have their fire properties of group Ch1. The ceiling which is hanged in the rooms and on the exits must be made by the incombustible material. 3.3.5

In the corridors of the exit as shown on the item 3.2.1, except the cases shown particular in the specification, it is not allowed to arrange: the equipments which are salient out the wall’s surface at the level of less than 2m, the flammable liquid and gas lines, as well as wall cabinet, excluding communication panel and fire- plug panel. The corridors as mentioned on the item 3.2.1 must be covered by fire material in accordance with the specified standards for each building type. The corridors of more than 60m must be partitioned by fire resistance partitions of the type 2 into the sections which have the length is determined according to the smoke protection regulations’ shown in the Appendix D, but not exceeding 60m. The doors at these fire resistance partitions must comply with the requirements of 3.2.11. When the doors of the room are salient the corridor, the width of the exit according to the corridor must be equal the clearance width of the corridor to minus: - A half of the door’s overhang width (for the most overhang door)- when the door is arranged on one side of the corridor; - All of the door’s overhang width (for the most overhang door) – when the door is arranged on two sides of the corridor; - This requirement is not applied to the floor corridor ( lobby) located between the door of the apartment and the door of the stairs room in the units of the group F1.3.

3.3.6

The clearance height of horizontal sections of the exits shall be not less than 2m, the clearance width of the horizontal sections of the exits and the ramps are not less than: + 1.2m – for the common corridor used to exit for over 15 peoples from the rooms of the group F1, for over 50 peoples – from the rooms of the fire hazard group as other features; + 0.7m – for the access go to the single working stations; + 1.0m- for all other cases. In any case, the exits must be enough large, their geometry is also considered, in order to not obstruct the transportation of stretchers with the wounded people lying on there.

3.3.7

It is allowed to arrange the steps with the difference height of less than 45cm or the highedges on the slab of the exit, except the threshold of the door. At step locations must arrange the staircase step with the step number of not less than 3 or do the slope with the angle of slopes of not more than 1:6 (the difference height does not exceed 10cm for the 0 length of 60 cm or a angle which is made by the slope and the plan is not more than 9.5 ).

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It is requested to arrange the handrails for the stairs at the locations which have the difference height of the more than 45cm.

3.4

It is not allowed to arrange a spiral staircase, a curved staircase in full or in part according to the layout and it is not allowed to arrange the staircase steps that their height and width is different on the staircase and the room of staircase .It is not allowed to arrange a mirror on the exit in order to cause the confusion on the exit. Staircase and staircase chamber on the emergency exit

3.4.1 The width of staircase slab to exit , including the staircase slab in chamber staircase, not smaller than the width of calculation or the width of any emergency exit ( door) on it, and not less than:

a) b) c) d) 3.4.2

1,35m- for the house of group F1.1; st 1,2m - for the house having over 200 people on any floor, except the 1 floor; 0,7m - for the staircase leading to the single – work; 0,9m – for all remaining cases. 0

Slope (angle) of staircase s on the emergency exits, which are not over 1:1 (45 ); the width of tread is not less than 25cm, and the height of step is not more than 22cm. Slope (angle) of open staircase going to the single working place, which is allowed up to 0 2:1(63,5 ). st

It is allowable to reduce the tread height of curved staircase (usually arrange at hall of 1 floor) at place which is narrowed to 22cm; It is allowable to reduce the tread height to 12 for the staircase only use the rooms having the total number of working place over 15 people ( except the rooms of group F5, class A or B).

The staircase of class 3 must be made by the incombustible material and installed close to the solid section (no windows or light gab) of wall having the fire hazard group not lower than K1 and fire- resistance rating not lower than REI 30. These staircases must have the staircase fly located at the same level of emergency exit, which have the balcony height of 1,2m and arranged with distance not less than 1m from window gab. The staircase of class 2 must satisfy the stipulated requirements for the staircase slab and the staircase fly in the staircase chamber. 3.4.3

The width of staircase fly must not less than the width of staircase slab. And the width of staircase fly in front of the entrance of elevator( the staircase fly is also the elevator lobby) for the elevator which has hinged door open to outside, must be not less than the total width of the staircase slab and half of door width of elevator, but not less than 1,6m. The intermediate landing in the rectilinear staircase slab must have length which is not less than 1m. The doors have door leaf open to staircase chamber, and then opening the door leaf not be reduced the calculated width of the staircase fly and the staircase slab.

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3.4.4

In the staircase chamber, it’s not allowable to arrange: - The combustible gas-pipe line and the combustible liquid; - The wall cupboards, except the communication cabinets and cabinets containing fire hydrant; - The cable and the open- installed wire (except the wire for the low current device) to lighting the corridor and the staircase chamber; - The exit from the freight lift and the lifting device. - The device exposed from the wall at a height of less than 2.2 m from the surface of the steps and landing. - In the space of the stair chamber, do not allow arranging any function room.

3.4.5. In the space of the staircase chambers, except the smoke non-contamination case, it’s

allowed arranging not exceeded than 02 passenger elevators down to the first floor only with the structure of cover of staircase pit is made from the fire resistance material. The outdoor staircase pit, in case of the cover is needed; it should be made from the fire resistance material. 3.4.6. Staircase chamber in first floor shall have the directly exit to the next property of

building or through out the hall that separated with the abutting corridors by a class 1 and fire resisting wall which has a door. When arranging the exits from two staircase chambers passing the common hall, one of them, except the exit leading to hall, must be opened to the outside directly. The N1 type of staircase chamber must have an exit opened to the outside directly. 3.4.7. Staircase chambers, excepted the L2 type one, must have the scattered light with the area not less than 1.2m2 on the outside wall on each floor.

It’s allowed arranging not exceed than 50% inside staircase chambers without the scattered light to be used for exit way, in the following cases: - Buildings in group F2, F3 and F4: applied with the M3 or N4 staircase chambers which have the positive air pressure when burning. - Buildings in group G5 class C with the height up till 28m, class D and E are not belonged to the height of building: for the N3 staircase chamber which has the positive air pressure when burning. - The L2 type of staircase chamber must have the scattered light with the area not less than 4m2 with the opening’s width between staircase side is not less than 0,7m or the light well is along the height of staircase chamber with the section area not less than 2m2. 3.4.8. Smoke proofing in N2 and N3 types of staircase chambers must follow up to Appendix

D. If necessary, the N2 type of staircase chamber must be separated into box that has the same height of fire resisting wall class 1 with the passes between boxes that are outside of space of staircase chamber; The windows in N2 staircase chambers shall be the sealed one.

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3.4.9. Smoke non-contamination of walk way through the outside ventilation space and lead to

smoke uncontaminated walking staircase of class N1 has to be respected by structure solution and space urbanism. -

These walk ways have to be opened, not usually arranged at corners inside the building, and have to respect these requests:

-

When a part of external wall of the building is in joint with the other wall under an 0 angle less than 135 then the horizontal distance from the opening of the nearest door at the outside ventilation space to the contact angle must not less than 4m; this distance may be reduced to a value which is equal to the projection of the external wall; this request is not applied for walk way, which is at the contact angles bigger 0 than 135 , as well as for the projection of the external wall having a value not bigger than 1,2m;

-

The width of the wall between the door opening of the outside ventilation space and the nearest window of the room must not less than 2m;

-

Walk ways have to have their widths which are not less than 1,2m, with their handrail heights of 1,2m, the width of the wall between the door opening and the outside ventilation space must not less than 1,2m.

3.4.10.The L1 type of staircase chamber is allowed arranging in all buildings belonged to the

fire danger group in function that has the height of 28m; meanwhile, building of group F5 class A or B, the entrance from room class A or B to corridor should be passed a buffer chamber which always has the positive air pressure. 3.4.11.The L2 type of staircase chamber is allowed arranging in the building which has the fire

rate I, II, II of the structural fire danger S0, S1 and functional fire danger of F1, F2, F3 and F4, with the height not exceeded than 9m. It’s allowed increasing the height building up to 12m if the above scattered light could be automatic opened when having fire and when the building of group F1.3 has the automatic fire alarm or the independence smoke detectors. The arrangement of L2 type of staircase chamber must ensure the following requirements: -

In the building of group F2, F3, F4, quantity of staircase type L2 is not exceeded than 50%, the remaining staircase must have the scattered light at outdoor wall of each floor (Type L1);

-

In the building of group F1.3 single block, if the apartment has the level of 4m or upper, it must have an emergency exit in accordance to 3.2.13.

3.4.12. In buildings which have the height over 28m as well as in the buildings of group F5

class A or B, it should be arranged the smoke non-contamination case type N1. Allowing: ��

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To arrange but not exceeded 50% staircase chamber Type N2 in buildings of group F 1.3 as a corridor.

-

To arrange but not exceeded 50% staircase chamber N2 or N3 that has the positive air pressure when burning in the buildings of group F 1.1, F 1.2, F 2, F 3 and F4;

-

To arrange the staircase chamber type N2 and N3 which always have the natural light and positive air pressure in the buildings of group F5 class A or B;

-

To arrange the staircase chamber type N2 or N3 which has the positive air pressure in the buildings of group F5 class B;

-

To arrange the staircase chamber type N2 or N3 which has the positive air pressure when burning in the buildings of group F5 class C or D. As arranging the staircase chamber type L1, the chamber should be separated by solid fire resistance wall at every 20m high level and the lobby from a chamber to another one of staircase chamber should be put in out of space of chamber.

3.4.13. In buildings which have the smoke non-contamination staircase chamber must be

installed the smoke prevention for common corridor, halls, common space and waiting rooms. 3.4.14. In buildings which have the fire resistance grade I and II belonged to the fire danger

level in SO structure, that’s allowed to arrange the staircase class 2 from the main entrance to second floor and as follow as the requirements of 4.26.

3.4.15. In buildings which have the height not over than 28m is belonged to the fire danger

group in functions F1.2, F2, F3, F4, with the fire resistance grade I, II and fire danger level in SO structure’s allowed to use the staircase type 2, which could connect 02 floors or more, as the exit staircases are applied the requirements of standard and 4.27. 3.4.16.The escalators should be arranged in accordance with the regulations stipulated for

staircase type 2

4. STOPPING THE SPREADING FIRE 4.1.

Stopping the spreading out of the fire is done by using measures which could limit the surface on fire, fire intensity and fire duration. That means: -

Using structure solution and space urbanism, in order to stop the spreading out of dangerous factors of the fire in room space, and among rooms, among groups of rooms which have fire danger according to various functions, among levels and singles, among fire compartments, as well as among buildings;

-

Limiting the fire danger of construction materials used in building surface, including: Roof covering, finishing coverings of external walls, rooms and

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emergency exits; -

Limiting the fire danger and industrial explosion danger in rooms and buildings;

-

Having initial fire stopping equipments, including automatic and manual ones;

-

Having fire detection and fire alarm equipments.

NOTE : 1) Regulation on the fire protection distance between houses, public constructions and manufacture factory is shown in appendix E. Distance between combustible liquid storage, open storages on earth which have combustible stuffs, containing tower LPG( 1), flammable gas to other constructions has to respect specialized Codes. 2) The term “Fire intensity” is shown in appendix A.

4.2.

Housing, public constructions, manufacture factory and storage have to satisfy requests on fire protection of this Code and regulations in the Design Standards applied for those constructions. Particularly, the number of levels (permit height of the building), fire compartment surface and limit level for amphitheatre arrangement of some constructions has to follow regulations shown in appendix H.

4.3.

Housing parts (Rooms, technical floor, basement, half basement and other parts of the house) in which the fire extinguishment is difficult are asked to be equipped with complementary devices in order to limit surface, intensity and duration of fire.

4.4.

The effect of solutions in order to stop the spreading out of the fire may be evaluated by using economic – Technical calculations based on request shown in 1.4.1 regarding to Limitation of damages caused by direct and indirect fire. 1

4.5.

LPG is the abbreviation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas

House parts and rooms belonging to fire risk groups according to various functions have to be separated among them by using separation structure with fire limit and structure fire risk grade as per specifications or the separation could be done by using fire stopping components. In this case, the request on this separation structure and fire stopping components has to take into account of the fire risk according to function of rooms, value of loads on fire, fire rate and structure fire risk grade of the house.

4.6.

In a building when sections which have fire risk according to various functions are separated by fire stopping components then each of those components has to satisfy requests on fire stopping the same as those applied for buildings having fire risk according to corresponding functions. Selection of the fire protection system of the building has to base on following things : When all parts of the building which have fire risk according to various functions, then the fire danger according to function of the whole building may be higher than the fire danger according to function of any part of that building.

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4.7.

In houses belonging to group F5, if the Technology is permitted, it is needed to arrange rooms of class A and B near external walls, and in multi-storey buildings, it is needed to arrange these rooms on above storey.

4.8.

In basements and half basements, it is not allowed to arrange rooms which use or store combustible gas or liquid as well as inflammable materials, except some specific cases.

4.9.

Construction elements must not be conditions with which invisible fire spreading out is facilitated.

4.10.

Fire rate of connection details of construction elements will not be lower than the request fire rate of that element.

4.11.

Falling structure on floor in audience rooms has to satisfy requests regarding to fire limit and fire danger as per in Table 4 and 5 as middle floors.

4.12.

In arrangement of technical piping, cabling through wall, slab and partition structure, the contact positions between piping, cablings and these structures have to be well sealed or well treated on order not to decrease fire technical characteristics as requested by structure.

4.13.

Covering and soaking applied for special fire protection, used on open surfaces of elements, have to satisfy requests specified in finishing work of those elements. In technical documents applied for these covering or soaking it is asked to indicate clearly the replacement period or recovery of theirs and depending on the exploitation and using conditions. In order to increase the fire limit or decrease the fire danger of the elements, it is not allowable to use covering or soaking for special fire protection at positions at which replacement or recovery of these materials could not be done.

4.14.

Effect of fire protection, used to decrease the fire danger of materials, has to be evaluated by testing on the fire danger of construction materials as shown in part 2 (Technical classification on fire). Effect of fire protection, used to increase the fire rate of elements, has to be evaluated by testing on the fire limit of construction materials as shown in part 2 (Technical classification on fire). Effect of fire protection, is not accounted when calculating the bearing capacity of metal elements (Column or beam), it is allowable to evaluate by comparison testings of dimension reduced scale mock-up of column with height not smaller than 1,7m or beam mock-up with span not smaller than 2,8m without static load.

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4.15.

Suspending ceilings used to increase the fire limit of slab and roof, in terms of fire risk, have to satisfy all requests applied for those slabs and roofs. Fire stopping partitions in rooms having suspending ceilings have to separate the whole space above the suspending ceiling. In the space above the suspending ceiling it is not allowable to arrange channels and piping which carry combustible matters in form of air, dust – air combination, liquid and combustible stuffs. Suspending ceilings are not arranged in rooms of class A or B.

4.16.

At the intersection of fire stopping components and covering structure of the building, and even at positions where the building is changed in form and shape, it is asked to have a solution in order not to let fire spread out to these fire stopping components.

4.17.

To fire stopping walls, which are used to separate the house into fire compartment, they have to be arranged on the whole height of the house and make sure that fire could not spread out from fire resource to adjacent fire compartment when the building structure at the section on fire collapses.

4.18.

Openings in fire stopping components have to be well closed in case of fire/ Windows in fire stopping components have to be un-openable windows, and doors, gates and traps and valves have to be automatically closed and all door gaps have to be well sealed. When doors, gates and traps and valves are in need of opening for service then they have to be equipped with automatically closed device in case of fire.

4.19.

The whole surface of openings in fire stopping components, except covering structure of lift cabinet, will not exceed 25% of the surface of that fire stopping component. Fire door and valve in fire stopping components have to satisfy requests shown in 2.4.3 and requests of this section. At doors of fire stopping components used to separate rooms of class A or B from other spaces such as : Rooms whose class is different from A or B, corridors, walking staircase and lift lobby, it is asked to arrange intermediate space whose pressure is always positive (+) as per request shown in Appendix D. It is not allowable to arrange common intermediate spaces for both or over 2 rooms which have their same class of A or B.

4.20.

When it is impossible to arrange intermediate fire stopping compartments in fire stopping components used to separate rooms of class A or B from other rooms or when it is impossible to arrange doors, gates, traps and valves in fire stopping components to separate rooms of class C from other rooms, it is asked to establish a combination of solutions in order to prevent the spreading out of fire and penetration into rooms and

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adjacent levels of gas, combustible steam, liquid air, dust and combustible fiber which are able to create explosion risk concentration. Effect of those solutions has to be justified. In openings of fire stopping components between adjacent rooms belonging to class C, D and E, when it is impossible to close the fire door or gate, it is allowable to arrange open

intermediate

compartments

which

are

equipped

with

automatic

fire

extinguishment devices. Covering structure of these intermediate compartments has to be fire stopping structure. 4.21.

Fire Door and valve in fire stopping components have to be made from noncombustible materials It is allowable to use materials belonging to the fire group which is lower than Ch3 and protected by non-combustible materials having their thickness not smaller then 4mm in order to make fire doors, gates, traps and valves. Door of fire stopping compartments, entrance door, gate, trap in fire stopping components in rooms in which there is no use and storage of combustible gas, combustible liquid and combustible materials, as well as there is not any technological process concerning a creation of combustible dust, are then allowable to be fabricated from materials belonging to fire group Ch3 with their thickness not lower than 40mm and without cavity.

4.22.

It is not allowable to arrange channels, well and piping which carry combustible gas, combination of dust-combustible gas, combustible liquid, combustible stuff and materials to get through walls and slabs of fire class 1. To channels, well and piping which carry stuffs and materials other than those listed above then at intersection positions of these fire stopping components it is asked to install automatic device which could stop spreading out of products on fire along channels, well and piping.

NOTE : 1) It is allowable to install ventilation piping and chimney in fire wall of the house, public construction and utilities construction when the min thickness of the fire wall (Minus the piping section) at that position is not lower than 25cm, and the thickness of the fire wall between the ventilation piping and chimney is not lower than 12cm. 2) Positions where water drainage of the fire stopping components is installed have to be treated correspondingly to specification shown in 4.12.

4.23.

Covering structure of lift cabinet (Except cabinets shown in 3.4.5) and technical local of lift (Except local on roof), as well as of channels, cabinets and technical risers have to respect requests given as to fire partition of class 1 and fire slab of class 3. There is no specification in terms of fire limit for covering structure between lift cabinet and technical local of lift.

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When it is impossible to install fire stopping partitions in the covering structure of lift cabinet as said above, it is asked to arrange intermediate spaces or halls with fire stopping of class 1 and fire stopping slab of class 3 or barriers which will automatically close all openings of the lift cabinet in case of fire. These barriers have to be made from non-combustible materials and their fire limit could not be lower than EI 45. In buildings which have smoke uncontaminated walking staircase, it is asked to arrange an automatic smoke protection system for lift cabinet which at entrance door there is not any intermediate fire compartments with positive air pressure in case of fire. 4.24.

Trash chamber, piping and trash collection outlet have to be designed, installed in respect of Standards, specific technical specification applied for this item and following requests: -

Trash piping and trash chamber have to be separated with other parts of the house by using fire stopping components; trash collection outlet on every floors has to be equipped with automatic well closed fire stopping trap door;

-

It is not allowable to put trash piping and trash chamber inside walking staircase chamber, waiting hall or intermediate spaces which are fire stopping covered and used for emergency exit.

-

Chambers having trash piping or used to contain trash have to make sure that they have direct entrance way through an outside ventilation compartment or through an intermediate fire stopping compartment which is frequently well ventilated.

-

Door into trash chamber must not be put adjacently to emergency exits or doors leading to outside of the building or be put near windows of houses.

4.25.

In building which belong to any groups of fire danger according to function, except group F1.3, according to industrial conditions, it is allowable to arrange private walking staircases for the circulation between the basement or half basement with the level 1. These walking staircases have to be covered with fire partition class 1 with the fire intermediate space which has positive pressure in case of fire. It is allowable to arrange the fire intermediate space as specified for these walking staircases for house group F5 under the condition that they start from the basement of half basement which has rooms of class C4, D, E into rooms of the same class on the level 1. These walking staircases must not be taken into account in calculation of emergency exit, except cases mentioned on 3.2.1.

4.26.

In arrangement of walking staircase of class 2 from level 1 Hall up to level 2, then this hall has to be separated from the corridors and adjacent rooms by using fire stopping

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partitions of class 1. 4.27.

Rooms in which there is walking staircase of class 2 as per 3.4.15 have to be separated from corridors to which these rooms connect and other rooms by using fire stopping materials of class 1. It is allowable not to separate rooms which have walking staircase of class 2 by using fire partitions when: -

An automatic fire protection is installed in the whole building;

-

In buildings which have their heights not over 9m and with surface of 1 level not over 300 m2.

4.28.

In basement or half basement, it is asked to arrange fire stopping buffer chamber of class 1 which have positive pressure in case of fire in front of the entrance way of lifts.

4.29.

Selection of building dimension and fire compartments, as well as the distance between houses has to de depend on fire grade, structural fire danger grade, fire risk group according to function and fire load value, taking into account of the effect of the fire protection means in use, the presence, position and provision level of fire extinguishment units, possible consequences regarding to ecological environment due to fire.

4.30.

In the course of operation, all fire resistance equipments must operate according to the required regulations.

4.31.

The equipping of the automatic fire fighting alarm system must comply with TCVN3890: 2009

5. FIRE FIGHTING AND EVACUATION 5.1.

Buildings and structure shall ensure the fire fighting and evacuation with the solutions: structure, space planning, engineering - works and organization solutions. These solutions consist of: − Arranging the lines for a fire truck and the access for fire brigade and equipment, combining with the roads and walkways according to building’s feature or arranging particularly. − Arranging the fire escapes outside buildings and other necessary equipments must be also ensured so that the fire brigades and equipments can come in the building’s floors and roofs, including the arrange of the elevators with the function is “the service of fire brigades”. − Arrange of fire water line to combine with domestic water line or arranging particularly,

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and when necessary, arranging the breeching inlets, water lines going to buildings for fire brigade hydrants, tanks or other water supply sources ,

.

− Smoke prevention for the ways of fire brigade inside buildings. − Buildings shall be arranged the safety equipments for individual and community if necessary. − Residential area, industrial park or buildings shall be arranged the fire fighting station (team) with the necessary fire fighting equipment and employee number which can satisfy fire fighting conditions on Site in the scope of these stations’ (teams) operation. Choosing of the solutions as mentioned above shall depend on fire resistance level, fire hazard level of structure and fire hazard group according to the building’s feature. 5.2.

The road for fire truck shall ensure following regulations: − The width of pavement is not less than 3.50 m per each line. The minimum limit height of the road is 4.25 m; − Pavement must ensure bearing the load of fire truck as the design requirement and to be in accordance with the vehicle type of Local Rescue and Fire Fighting Department; Dead-end road for one road line is not be longer than 150 m, the end of each road should has the turning circuit area as the regulation of 5.3. If the road’s length exceeds 100m, it should have a space to avoid other vehicles as the specification of item 5.4; − This road could go to the water source for fire fighting work as well as go to the advantage points for rescue and fire fighting works. Distance from parking to the breeching inlet is not more than 18 m.

5.3.

Design of turning circuit parking must comply with one of the following regulations: − Equilateral triangle with sides are not less than 7 m, a triangle’s vertex is at the deadend road, two other ones are balanced on two sides of the road; − The square with the sides of not less than 12m; − The Circle with the diameter of not less than 10 m; − The rectangle is perpendicular to the dead-end road and balanced on either two sides of the road, is not more than 5 m x 20 m.

5.4.

For the narrow road is only enough for one line, at least 100 m, it must be designed one expansion section at least the width of 7 m and the length of 8 m so that fire truck and other vehicles can avoid easily.

5.5.

Roads for fire truck for house, public buildings and auxiliary building of industrial park. To be sure that the road for fire truck going to house and public buildings, a road and

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parking for ladder truck or crane truck in order to go to each apartment or room on the high floors. The distance from the edge of the road to the wall of the house is allowed from 5 m to 8 m for the building of 10 floors, and from 8 m to 10 m for the buildings of over 10floors. It shall not be allowed to arrange a diaphragm, overhead power lines and the planted trees in row in the areas that has this distance . Along the external surface where there is no entrance, it is allowed to arrange the land areas with the width of at least 6m and the length of at least 12m used for fire truck parking including their allowed load. 5.6.

The road for fire truck follows to buildings and industrial works. The entire length of the buildings and industrial works, it is suggested to has the access for fire truck: from one side, if the width of the buildings or Works is less than 18 m and from both sides, if the width of the building and work is more than 18 m. 2

For the houses with the construction area of over 10.000 m or the width of over 100m shall has the access for all sides. When production conditions do not require a road, the access of fire truck is allowed to arrange the road of 3.5m, the road foundation is reinforced by the materials which can bear the load of fire truck and to be ensured to drain the surface water. The distance from the edge of the entrance of fire truck to the wall of the house must not be more than 5 m for the building’s height of over 12 m, not more 8m for the building’s height of over 12m to 28m and not more than 10 m for the height of over 28 m. In case of necessary, the distance from the edge of the road to the external wall of the buildings and structure will be increased up to 60 m with the condition such as this building and structure have the dead-end roads, including the turning circuit parking for fire truck and hydrants. In that case, the distance from the buildings and structure to the turning circuit parking of fire truck must not be less than 5 m and not more than 15 m and the distance between the dead-end roads shall not exceed 100 m. LEGEND:

5.7.

1) The building’s width will be defined according to the distance of layout axes 2) For the water tanks used for fire fighting, should have the access with the courtyard is not less than 12 m. 3) The hose reels should be located along the road, make sure the distance to the edge of the road not more than 2.5 m and the distance to the wall of the building not less than 5 m.

For the buildings’ height of more than or equal 10m including the roof trim’s height or the above edge of the external wall (retaining wall) must have the roof access directly from the staircase’s rooms or going through the attic floor, or follow the staircase of the class 3 or follow the outside fire ladder of the class 3. Number of roof access and their arrangement must be based on the fire hazard

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according to the feature and the sizes of the house, but not less than one access: − For each distance of less than or equal 100 m in comparison with the length of the house which have the attic floor. − For each area of less than or equal to 1,000 m2 of the roof area which has not the attic floor belonging the group F 1, F 2, F 3 and F 4. − For each 200 m of the perimeter of the house F5 follows fire ladders. It is allowed to arrange fire escape: − The fire ladders in the façade of the building, if the width of building not more 150 m and in front of the building has the fire water supply line; 2

− The roof access of the buildings of one floor has the roof’s area not more 100 m . 5.8.

In the attic floors, except the group of F 1.4 must have the roof access and go through the fixed staircase and the doors, lid or window with the size not less than 0.6 m x 0.8 m. The attic floor or roof access from the staircase’s room must be located under the staircases with the landings in front of the exit, go through the fire prevention doors of class 2 with the size not less than 0.75 m x 1.5 m. The staircases and landings as mentioned above may be made of steel but have to has a slope (angle) is not more than 2: 1 (63.5 °) and the width not less than 0.7 m. In the buildings of the group F 1, F 2, F 3 and F 4 to is the height of 15 m allowed to arrange the access to go to the attic floor or going to the roof from the staircase’s room and go to the fire prevention lids of the class 2 with the dimension of 06m x 0.8m

5.9.

according to the steel ladder fixed. In the technical floors, including technical attic and basement floor, the clearance height of the walkway not less than 1.8 m; in the attic floors along the entire buildings - not less than 1.6 m. The width of this width shall not be less than 1.2 m. It is allowed to decrease the height of the walkway to 1,2m in the separate sections with the length not more than 2 m, and the minimum width of 0.9m.

5.10.

In the building which has the under roof floor, it is required to have the access opening in the protection structure of under roof floor.

5.11.

At points which difference the level of the roof is more than 1m (including the points used to raise the light aperture and louvers) must be fire ladder. At areas which difference the level of the roof is more than 10 m, if each part of the roof has the area of more than 100 m2 with the individual floor door meeting the requirements of 5.7, or the height of the lower roof part, determined by the requirement of 5.7 not exceed 10 m shall not allowed to arrange for fire ladder.

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5.12.

To use the fire ladders of class P1 going up to the level of 20 m and at the level difference locations of the roof from 1 m to 20 m. It must be used the fire ladder of class P2 going to the level of over 20 m and at the level difference locations is over 20m. Fire ladders must be made by the non-flammable material and placed the prominent location and away from windows not less than 1 m. Ladder’s width is 0.7 m. For ladder of class P1, from the height of 10 m or over must be the protection circular frame with the diameter of 0.35 m, the center of this frame and elevator is 0.45 m apart. These frames must be placed 0.7 m apart, the roof access must have the landing with the handrail’s height is at least 0.6m. For the ladder P2, it is requested to have a handrail and landing of not more than 8 m apart.

5.13.

Between the staircases and between the balconies and handrails of the staircases must be a gap with a clearance width shown on the layout not less than 100 mm.

5.14.

In each of the combustion chamber of buildings have the height of over 28 m (except the building belong the group F 1.3) must be arranged the elevators in order to satisfy the requirements for the transport of fire brigade and equipment.

LEGEND: Specific technical requirement of elevator which shall be ensured to transport fire brigade and equipment will have the particular standard.

5.15.

Inside buildings with the slope up to 12%, the height from ground to the roof trim or the above edge of the external wall (diaphragm) is more than 10 m, as well as in the buildings with the slope of more than 12% and the height from the ground to the roof trim which is more than 7 m shall have balcony, handrail on the roof in accordance with the current standards. These balconies, handrails must also be arranged for flat roofs, balconies, loggia, outside corridors, outside open staircases, the staircase and landing which does not depend on the height of building.

5.16.

Fire water supply system for building must be ensured to the fire brigade and equipment can go and use at all times.

5.17.

Supplying the fire fighting water as well as equipping the specialized fire-fighting equipment, facilities for building and structure must comply with the standards of TCVN 3890: 2009.

5.18.

Fire resistance control room. a) The buildings of over10-storeies, the narrow density public houses, garage, workshop, warehouse with the area of over 18,000 m2 must have the fire resistance control room and skill personnel who will work 24/24 hour in this control room. b) Fire resistance control room must: − Having a sufficient area to arrange the equipments as the fire prevention requests of 2 house, but not less than 6 m ; − Having two entrances: one way go to the space outside building and one go to the main

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corridor for an evacuation. − Be separated with other parts of building by the fire resistance material of class 1. − Install the communication equipment and the fire alarm center that can contact all areas of the building. − Having control panel to monitor the fire fighting device, smoke control device and there is the layout drawing of the fire fighting equipment of the building.

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Appendix A – Definition of Terms A.1.

Fire Safety of Building and structure (Work item) To be sure that the requirements about building structure and material properties, about the planning and architecture solutions, the technology and technical solutions appropriate to the building using characteristic, in order to prevent fire (fire protection), and limit spread, ensure to extinguish a fire (fire resistant), prevent the dangerous elements causing a humans, minimize the property damages when occur a fire.

A.2.

Siliceous aggregate concrete: Concrete made by an aggregate with normal density, composition is mostly silica (SiO2) or Silicate (salt of silicon acid).

A.3.

Fire hazard level of structural elements (see item 2.3 and appendix B). Characteristic of group distribution of structural elements is based on different levels of parameters of burning test result of materials which constitute the structure elements according to the specified standards.

A.4.

Fire hazard level of structure. Fire hazard level of the building’s structure is determined by fire hazard level of Building’s main elements (see 2.6.3).

A.5.

Fire intensity: It means a factor show the heat release rate of a fire.

A.6.

Fire hazard group according to feature: Characteristic of house group distribution (or the parts of the house) based on their using characteristics and according to the factors that could threaten the life safety in the case of a fire, including the factors such as age, physical condition, etc… of person group according to the main feature.

A.7.

Fire hazard group of material (see item 2.2 and Appendix B): Characteristic of materials group distribution based on the different levels of parameters of burning test results for material according to the specified standards.

A.8.

Combustion chamber: A part of the house is separated with other parts of the house by the fire resistance wall of class 1.

A.9.

Buffer chamber: Transitional space between two doors, used to protect against the intrusion of cold air, smoke, or other gases going into the building, into the room of the staircase, or going into another rooms of the buildings.

A.10. Fire resistance buffer chamber:

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Buffer Chamber has the components with fire resistance limit meeting the specified requirements (see 2.4.3). A.11. Standard document:

Is the document shows the rules, guides or characteristics for their activities or results (according to TCVN 6450: 2007). LEGEND: The term "standard document" is a general term includes the documents such as standards (standards), technical regulations (technical specifications), codes of practice (code of practices) and regulations (Regulation, code.).

A.12. Smoke area: 2

Is a part of building with the area is not exceeding 3,000 m , from there the combustion products (smoke) will be engaged, discharged, in order to ensure existing the evacuation from the room of a fire. A.13. The definitions and other terms will be shown on TCVN 5303: 1990 and TCVN 399:1985.

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Appendix B Division of construction material according to the fire characteristic B.1 Material will be divided to two types: Fire material and anti fire material according to the fire testing parameters as follows:

a) Anti fire material must be ensured within testing period: - The increase of furnace temperature is not exceeding 50°C - Sample quality decreases to be not exceeded 50% - Duration of the flame does not exceed 10 seconds b) Fire material is a material that when testing, not satisfy one of three factors above. LEGEND:

1) Testing parameters is determined as Vietnam Construction Standard 331: 2004 (1) (EN ISO 1182), “Construction material – the Anti fire testing method” or the equivalent standard 2) Some following materials will be sorted anti fire material group: inorganic materials such as concrete, clay brick, terracotta, metal, plaster motor…

B.2 For fire characteristic, fire material is divided into 4 groups, corresponding with the fire testing parameters: Table B1 – Division of fire material based on fire characteristic Fire group Fire parameters division of material

Air temperature of chimney (°C)

Damage level decreases the length of sample (symbol: L)

Damage level decreases the quantity of sample (symbol m)

self-fire duration (second)

(%)

(%) Ch1 - Slight fire

≤ 135

≤ 65

≤

20

0

Ch2 - Moderate fire

≤ 235

≤ 85

≤ 50

≤ 30

Ch3 – Moderate high fire

≤

450

> 85

≤ 50

≤ 300

Ch4 - Fierce Fire

> 450

> 85

> 50

> 300

LEGEND: 1) Testing parameters are determined according to the current Vietnam Standard or equivalent standard about the fire testing method for material. ��

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2) If testing as Vietnam Construction Standard 331: 2004, materials that satisfy the following requests will be sorted to slight fire material: - The increase of furnace temperature is not exceeding 50°C - Sample quality is decreased to be not exceeded 50% and duration of the flame does not exceed 20 seconds. B.3. Combustible characteristic, fire material is divided into 3 groups corresponding with the fire testing parameters: Table B2: Division of fire material based on combustible characteristic Combustible Combustibl e group Capacity of limited surface thermal distribution distributi on (kW/m²)

BC1 - incombustibility

≥ 35.0

BC2 - uninflammability

≥ 20.0

BC3 - combustibility combustibili ty

and < 35.0

< 20.0

LEGEND: Testing parameters are determined according to the Standard ISO 5657 (Fire reaction tests – testing with the material’s combustibility when it is influenced by thermal radiation) or equivalent standard.

B.4. According to fire spread on surface, fire material is divided into 4 groups corresponding with the fire testing parameters: Table B.3 - Schedule B2: Division of fire material based on fire spreading speed The Group of fire spreading speed on surface Capacity of limited surface thermal distribution (kW/m²)

LT1 - Non spread

≥ 11.0

LT2 - Light spread

≥ 8.0

and < 11.0

LT3 - Moderate spread

≥ 5.0

and < 8.0

LT4 - High spread

< 5.0

LEGEND: Testing parameters are determined according to the Standard ISO 9239 (Fire reaction tests - fire spreading capacity on the floor material surface. Determination of the fire responses when are affected by radiant heat source) or equivalent standard.

B.5. For smoke formation, fire material is divided into 3 groups corresponding with the fire testing parameters:

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Table B.4 – Division of fire material based on smoke formation Capacity of limited surface distribution (kW/m²)

SK1-Low smoke formation

≥ 50

SK2- Moderate smoke formation

> 50 and ≤ 35.0

SK3-high smoke formation

> 50

thermal

Legend: The testing parameters are determined according to the Standard ISO 5660-2 (Fire reaction tests – level of heat release, smoke formation and weight reduction level - Part 2 smoke formation level) or equivalent standard.

B.6. For toxicity, fire material is divided into 4 groups corresponding with the factor H substances as following:

CL50 of

fire

Table B5 – Division of fire material based on toxicity Division based on Factor HCL50 (g/m³), corresponding with the revealed time material’s toxicity

5 minutes ĐT1-

Low toxicity

ĐT2ĐT3-

15 minutes

30 minutes

60 minutes

> 210

> 150

> 120

> 90

Moderate toxicity

70 to 210

50 to 150

40 to 120

30 to 90

High toxicity

25 to 70

47 to 50

13 to 40

10 to 30

≤ 25

≤ 47

≤ 13

≤ 10

ĐT4-Special

high toxicity

LEGEND: the calculation and testing parameters of factor H CL50 are determined according to the regulation of Standard ISO 13571 (the life threat factors of fire - a guide determines the allowed duration to exit from the figures of fire) or equivalent standard

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Appendix C Grading of house and rooms according to the fire and explosion danger C1. For fire and explosion danger, a house and the rooms are divided into the grand of A, B, C1 to C4, D and E. C1.1 Grading of room’s fire and explosion danger is divided as the Schedule C1: Table C1: Grading of compartment’s fire and explosion danger Room’s fire danger level Properties of substances and materials be in the room A

-

Fire and explosion danger

-

B

-

Fire and explosion danger

C1-C4

-

Fire danger

-

D

-

E

-

Inflammable gases, combustible liquid have the burning temperature of less than 28°C, with a volume can constitute the dangerous explosive steam-gas mixture, when burning they will make a surplus explosion pressure calculated in the room exceeds 5 kPa Material and substances are inflammable and explosive when interacted together or interacted with water or oxygen in the atmosphere, with volume to the surplus explosion pressure calculated in the room exceeds 5 kPa Dusts or burned fiber, combustible liquids have the burning temperature of less than 28°C, burned liquids and volume can constitute dangerous explosive steam-gas or dust-gas mixture, when burning they will make a surplus explosion pressure calculated in the room exceeds 5 kPa Incombustible or burned liquids, incombustible and burned material and substances in solid situation (including dust and fiber), the material and substances when interacted with water or oxygen in the atmosphere or interacted together can burn in the room that have these material and substances will not belong to the grade of A or B. Division of room into the grade C1 to C4 according to particular fire load of substances as follows: C1 - There is particular fire load of over 2200MJ/m² C2 - There is the specified fire load from 1401MJ/m² to 2200Mj/m² C3 - There is the specified fire load from to 181MJ/m² to 1401Mj/m² C4 - There is the specified fire load from to 1Mj/m² to 181MJ/m² Incombustible materials and substances in hot situation, redhot or fusion situation that have heat radiation, spark and fire when processing; the burn gases liquids and solids are used to create a fuel Materials and substances is not combustible in the cold situation

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C.1.2 Grading of fire and explosion danger

a) The building is classified to Class A, if in that building, total area of Class A rooms exceed 5% the area of all rooms of house, or over 200m². It is allowed not to classify the building to Class A if total rooms area of Class A of that house do not exceed 25% the area of all rooms of house (But not exceed 1000 m²) and those rooms of Class A are also provided automatic fire-fighting equipment. b) The building is classified to Class B if simultaneously satisfies the following two conditions - House not belong Class A, - Total area of Class A and B compartments exceed 5% of total area of all compartments of the building or exceed 200 m

2

It is allowed not to classify the building to Class B if total area of Class A and B compartments in that building does not exceed 25% of total area of all compartments of the 2

building (but not exceed 1,000 m ) and those Class A and B compartments are equipped with automatic fire fighting equipment. c) The building is classified to Class C if simultaneously satisfy two following conditions: - The building is not belonged to Class A or B; - Total area of Class A, B and C compartments exceed 5% (10%, if there is no Class A and B) of total area of all compartments of the building. It is allowed not to classify the building to Class C if total area of Class A, B and C compartments in that building does not exceed 25% of total area of all compartments of the 2

building (but not exceed 3.500 m ) and those compartments are equipped with automatic fire fighting equipment. d) The building is classified to Class D if simultaneously satisfy two following conditions: - The building is not belonged to Class A, B and C; - Total area of Class A, B, C and D compartments exceed 5% of total area of all compartments of the building. It is allowed not to classify the building to Class D if total area of Class A, B, C and D compartments in that building does not exceed 25% of total area of all compartments of the 2

building (but not exceed 5.000 m ) and those Class A, B, C rooms are equipped with automatic fire fighting equipment. e) The building is classified to Class E if it is not belonged to Class A, B, C or D. C.2.

Some houses and compartments belong to workshops, warehouses, manufacturing departments are allowed to classify to combustion and detonating combustion danger as follow:

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a) Class A − Workshop of manufacturing and using Sodium (Natri) and Potassium (Kali); − Factory’s workshop of man-made fiber, man-made rubber; − Production workshop of petroleum; − Workshop of hydrogenant distillation and gas division; − Workshop of producing man-made liquid fuels, recovering and distillating dissolved o organic liquid with steam flammable temperature from 28 C and below; − Storage of gas cylinders, petrol storage; − The rooms contain acid and alkaline accumulator batteries for power plants; − Liquid pumping stations which have steam flammable temperature from 28oC and below. b) Class B Manufacture and transportation workshop of dust coal, sawdust, detergent stations of Mazut oil reservoir and other liquids which have steam flammable temperature from o o 28 C to 61 C; − Crushing and grinding compartment of solid materials, man-made rubber transformation workshop, sugar manufacture workshop, Mazut storages of the power plant, liquid o

o

pumping stations which have steam flammable temperature from 28 C to 61 C. c) Class C − Wood fabrication workshop, manufacturing workshop of wooden artistic items; − Weave and garment workshop; − Paper Industrial workshop with dry manufacture process; − Preliminary transforming factory of cotton fibre, jute and other fibres; − Components of granular sieve of grinding factory and grain storage; − Workshop of oil recovery, asphalt distillation, storages containing combustible stuffs and oil; − Power distribution equipments having power cut-off and electrical equipments with oil quantity greater than 60Kg for one equipment unit; − Overpass bridge, corridor used for coal and peat transportation; − Close storage containing coal, combination storages, liquid pumping stations having o steam inflammable temperature over 61 C. d) Class D ��

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− Molding and metallurgy workshop, forge and welding workshop; − Repair station for train locomotive; − Workshop of metal hot-handling, metal fabrication by using heat; − Compartments containing combustion engines; − Laboratory for high-voltage power; − Main building of the power plant (Oven, turbine…); − Boiler station e) Class E − Mechanical workshop metal cool-handling (Except Magnesium); − Ore yard; − Manufacture factory of NaOH (Except Oven); − Fan station, air-compressor station and non-combustible gas; − Recovery station of Acid; − Repair station of electric vehicles and electric vehicles locomotive; Mold and cool-handling workshop of asbestos minerals, salts and other non-combustible stuffs; − Workshop belonging to Weave industry and paper which has wet manufacture process; − Transformation factory of food, fish, meat and milk; − Electric control station; − Water purification works (Separation, Filer, Erasing…); − Water Pumping and sucking station of the Power plant; − Compartment containing carbonic acid and chlorine, cooling towers, non-combustible liquid pumping stations.

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Appendix D Protection regulations of anti-smoke for building and construction work D.1.

Anti-smoke protection for building and construction work for the safety of people that existing out of the building in case of fire. The anti-smoke system has to be independent for each fire compartment. Anti-smoke protection for building and construction work includes fume sucking and exhausting (including combustible stuffs) and air supply.

D.2.

Fume sucking has to be done from following zones: a) From corridors and halls of residential houses, public works, admin-activities buildings, multi-function buildings having height over 28m. The building height is specified following 1.1.6. b) From corridors of basement, half-basement having no natural lighting of residential buildings, public works, admin-activities buildings, manufacture factory and multifunction buildings when people are frequently present in these corridors. c) From corridors having length over 15m and without natural lighting of manufacture factory, storage of Class A, B and C having from 2 levels and over, as well as of public works and multi-function buildings from 6 levels and over; d) From corridors and common halls using staircases which are smoke uncontaminated of various functions buildings; e) From corridors having no natural lighting of residential buildings which have a distance from the farthest housing entrance door to the staircase entrance door or the buffer chamber leading to the outside air of the staircase type N1 over 12m; f) From the clear storey halls of houses having height over 28m, as well as from clear storey halls having height over 15m and from corridors having entrance door or open balcony which through the space of the above clear storey hall; g) From the staircase type L2 having open automatic skylight in case of fire at intern disease treatment establishments; h) From all manufacture compartments or storage of Class A, B or C, D or E in buildings having fire resistant grade of IV, having stable working space without natural lighting or having natural lighting through windows and skylight, but without mechanical operation to open ventilation openings of windows (At level equal to or over 2.2m from the floor level to the lower level of window) and open all ventilation openings at the roof entrance (In both cases, the area of openings shall be big enough to exhaust smoke in case of fire); i) From all compartments having no natural lighting as follow: - Public or admin-activities compartments, well crowded;

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2

- Compartments with area equal to or over 50m , with working people, and used for storage or using combustible stuffs and materials; - Sale stalls; 2

- Locker-rooms having area equal to or over 200m . It is allowed to blow smoke from manufacture rooms of Class having area smaller than or 2 equal to 200m through adjacent corridors. D.3.

Smoke sucking does not need to apply for: 2

a) Compartments having area up to 200m , equipped with automatic fire fighting equipments using water or foam (Except compartments of Class A and B); b) Compartments equipped with automatic fire fighting equipments using air or powder; c) Corridors or halls, when compartments having door entering these corridors or halls are directly smoke exhausted. NOTE: It is no need to separate smoke exhaust for other compartments having area equal to or 2 smaller than 50m , when they are situated in main room in which a smoke exhaust system has been already installed. D.4.

Smoke sucking floe has to be determined by calculation in the following cases: a) From corridors shown in D.2 a), b), c), d), e) – for each length section not bigger than 45m; b) From compartments shown in D.2 f), g), h), i) – for each smoke section having are not 2 bigger than 3.000 m .

NOTE: Calculation method of smoke sucking flow must be in accordance with the current technical standards, taking into account of fire load, temperature, combustible products created, the outside air parameters, geometry properties and openings locations. D.5.

The design of smoke sucking system for the protection of corridors must be separate from the smoke sucking system for the protection of rooms.

D.6.

Smoke inlet of smoke sucking piping to take some from corridors must be installed under the corridors ceilings and lower than door. It is allowed to install smoke inlet on branch piping leading to smoke sucking piping. Length of the corridors needs to be installed a smoke inlet which is not greater than 45m.

D.7.

When sucking smoke directly from compartments having area over 3.000 m then it is needed to divide the zone into many smoke sections having area not greater than 3.000 2 m and must consider to a fire which may happen in one of those sections. Each smoke 2 inlet is only calculated to serve for one area that do not exceed 1.000 m .

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D.8.

Direct smoke outlet for rooms of one-level building must include natural smoke exhaust through piping having valves, cover or non-closed lighting openings. From zones near windows, with a width up to 15m, it is allowed to exhaust smoke through small gaps of windows (Louvers) whose the bottom edge of door gap is not smaller than 2.2m from the ground level. In multi-level building, it is needed to have a mechanical smoke exhaust system.

D.9.

Piping and equipments of the smoke sucking system must be fabricated from nonflammable materials, having fire-resistant limit in conformity with current relevant standards. When smoke piping is through fire isolated components of combustible compartments, it has to be equipped with fir isolated valves. Smoke and combustible products must be rejected outside the building and works, the smoke exhaust point has to be at least 5m from air supply inlet of the air supply system. Smoke exhaust into the air has to respect the distance to the surfaces made by combustible materials and other openings following specifications of specific Design Standard. It is allowed to exhaust fume from exhaust piping from the basement and half-basement through ventilation openings. In this case, the fume exhaust outlet must be installed at a min distance of 6m from floor level of the ventilation opening (from the building structure of a min distance of 3m vertically and 1m horizontally) or to exhaust equipment of wet type, this distance then has to be min 3m from the floor level. It is not allowed to install smoke valve on these piping.

D.10. Anti-smoke protection has to supply air from outside into the following zones:

a) In lift well (when it is not possible to supply air for buffer chambers in case of fire) of buildings which have smoke-uncontaminated lift cabinet; b) In lift well working as “reserved for carrying fire fighting force” c) In smoke-uncontaminated stairs type N2; d) In buffer chambers of smoke-uncontaminated stairs type N3; e) In buffer chambers in front of lift (including lift) in basements and half-basement; f) Buffer chambers at stairs type 2, leading to compartments of level 1 of the basement or half-basement, in rooms using or storing combustible stuffs and materials. It is allowed to supply air from the ventilation compartments of the building in buffer chambers of metallurgy, molding workshops and other thermal treatment compartments; g) In buffer chambers at the close hall entrance and corridors from basements and halfbasement of close hall and corridors as D.2 f).

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D.11. Air supply flow used for anti-smoke protection needs to be calculated to make sure an air pressure is not lower than 20 Pa at the following locations:

a) The lower part of lift well when all entrance doors of lift well are well closed at every level (except the low level); b) The lower part of all compartments of the uncontaminated staircase type N2, when all doors along the exit way from corridors and halls on level having fire, which lead to staircase and from the building to the outside, when all doors from the corridors and halls on all remaining levels are well closed; c) Buffer chambers on level having fire in buildings which have smoke-uncontaminated staircase type N3, when entrance way to corridors or hall at basement, lift waiting room and buffer chambers in front of lift has one opening door and all other levels are well closed. Air supply flow into buffer chamber on one opening door must be calculated when the air blown through the door has an average speed (but not lower than 1,3m/s), and must calculated to combination effect of exhausting smoke outside. Calculation of the air supply flow into a close buffer chamber must be considered to the loss of air through door gaps. The excess of air pressure must be compared to the adjacent space with protected compartments. D.12. The calculation of the air supply system parameters must be included:

a) The excess of air pressure is not lower than 20 Pa and not more than 50 Pa – at the smoke-uncontaminated lift wells, stairs type N2, in the buffer chambers of smokeuncontaminated stair well type N3 in adjacent spaces (halls, lobby); b) The two-wing doors with large area; c) The elevator communication with reference to the stairs and when the elevator doors at the given floor is opening. D.13. The pipes and equipment of the air supply system to be made from non-flammable material having fire-resistant limit in conformity with the requirements of current relevant standards.

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Appendix E Requirements of fire protection distance between premises and works E.1

For houses, public works and auxiliary works of industrial projects

Fire protection distance between houses, public works and auxiliary works of industrial projects follows Table E.1 Fire protection distance from houses, public works and auxiliary works with fireresistance grade of I and II to manufacturing houses and garages with fire-resistance grade of I and II must be higher than 9m; to manufacturing houses having proof with insulation of polymer material of inflammable material must be higher than 15m. Table E.1 - Fire protection distance between houses, public works and auxiliary works of industrial projects Fire-resistance grade of the first Distance (m) to second house with fire-resistance grade house I, II III IV, V

Legend:

I,II

6

8

10

III

8

8

10

IV,V

10

10

15

1) Distance between houses and works is clear distance between walls or theirs external structures. In case structures of houses or works made of inflammable materials protruding more than 1 meter, the distance between these structures is applied. 2) Distance between walls without hole of windows is allowed less than 20% except houses with fire resistance grade of IV, V. 3) For the two-story houses with frame structure and panels with fire resistance grade of V, as well as houses with roof of inflammable material, fire protection distance must be higher than 20%. 4) Distance between houses with fire resistance grade I and II is allowed less than 6m, if higher walls of the house opposite to the other house are fire walls. 5) It is not specified distance between houses, as well as between house and works for other activities if total area of construction land (including non-construction area inside) do not exceed the highest allowed floor area in the limit of a combustion chamber (see Appendix H, house of group F.1, F.2)

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E.2

For houses and industrial works

Fire protection distance between houses and industrial works belongs to fire resistance grade and its manufacture grade is not less than value in Table E.2. Table E.2 - Fire protection & fire fighting distance between houses and industrial projects Fire-resistance grade of Distance (m) to second house with fire-resistance grade the first house I, II I, II

For houses and works with manufacture grade of D, E: not specified

III

IV, V

9

12

For houses and works with manufacture grade of A, B and C: 9m (see Legend 3) III

9

12

15

IV, V

12

15

18

Legend:

1) Smallest distance between houses and works is clear distance between walls or theirs external structures. In case structures of houses or works made of inflammable materials protruding more than 1 meter, the applied smallest distance is distance between these structures. 2) It is not specified distance between manufacturing houses and industrial works in the following cases: a) If total floor area of the 2 houses or more fire having fire-resistance grade III, IV does not exceed the largest permitted floor area in one combustion chamber (Appendix H); b) If wall of the house or building higher or wider turns toward another building which is fire wall; c) If houses and works with fire resistance grade III that does not depend on fire danger level in manufacture grade have opposite walls being solid walls or perforated walls that are built with glass block brick (or glass wired) with fire limit not less than 1 hour. 3) Specified distance for the houses and works with fire resistance grade I, II, manufacture grade A, B, C is reduced from 9m to 6m when meeting one of the following conditions: a) Houses and works are equipped with automatic fire fighting system.

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b) Own loading capacity by combustible substance in the house with manufacture grade C is less than or equal to 10 kg per 1m2 floor area.

E.3

Some cases allow fire distance less than specified ones.

Fire protection distance from a house to houses and surrounding works around, can be less than specified distances in Item E.1 (Table E1) and in Item E.2 (Table E2) when obtaining approval of Fire Authority and carrying out as following specifications: a) Fire protection distance of determined house in this case is distance from the house to land boundaries of the house (not the distance to another house on adjacent land); NOTE: land boundaries of the house may be the coincident or parallel line with one sideof the o house or combination with one side of the house one angle of less than 80 . b) External wall of the house is allowed to have a distance to land boundaries of the houses from 0m to less than 1,0m; with the following conditions: + External wall must be fire wall type 1 (REI 150) for house with fire resistance grade I and II; and fire wall type 2 (REI 60) for house with fire resistance grade III and IV; + Surface of external wall are not formed by materials that are more combustible than the one of groups Ch1 and LT1. c) If the external wall of house having a distance more than 1m to land boundaries, it is allowed to arrange, to form some parts of surface of external wall having fire level less than specified for fire wall and it is called surface of wall being not protective againts fire. The maximum permit surface of the non fire-rated protected part of the external wall is specified accordingly to the distance between this wall to the land boundaries of the house, and is given in Table E3. LEGEND: The non fire-rated protected part of the external wall is general as follow: − Doors (doors, windows,…) which do not meet requirements are fire doors in fire wall; − Parts of wall have fire resistance limit less than the fire resistance limit of correspondent fire wall; − The external area of wall composed of materials that are equal or more combustible than the one of groups Ch2 and LT2. Table E3 - Distance from external wall of house (or combustion chamber) to land boundaries is determined according non fire-rated protected surface of that wall Minimum distance between lateral side of % maximum surface of non firehouse to land boundary (m) rated protected part compared with Houses, public works, Houses and industrial total surface area of wall opposite to land boundary auxiliary houses of works, warehouses industrial works 1,0 1,0 4,0 1,5 2,0 8,0 3,0 4,0 20,0 6,0 8,0 40,0 LEGEND: 1) when calculating the maximum surface of the non fire-rated protected area of the external wall, it is possible not to take into account of these zones: ��

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2

a) Zones having surface less than 1m and distance from this zone to any other non fire-rated protected zone must not less than 4m; 2 b) Non fire-rated zones having surface less than 0,1m and distance from this zone to any other non fire-rated protected zone must not less than 1,5m; c) The external area of a staircase having cage and internal walls of the cage in satisfaction of fire stop request corresponding to the fire resistance grade of the house; d) The external area of wall composed of materials that are equal or more combustible than the one of groups Ch2 and LT2 then the non fire-rated protected surface will be the half of that zone surface. 2) Intermediate value could be determined by interpolation.

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Appendix F Nominal fire resistance limits of some structure elements F.1. Wall element

No.

Structures and materials

Table F1 – Walling or concrete wall Minimum thickness excluding mortar layer (mm) to ensure fire resistance limit

For bearing elements

(1) 1

2

For non-bearing elements

REI REI REI

REI REI REI EI

EI

EI

EI

EI

EI

240

180

120

90

60

30

240

180

120

90

60

30

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10) (11) (12) (13) (14)

a)Non-mortar

180

-

100

100

75

75

b)Sand cement mortar of 12,5mm thickness

180

-

100

100

75

75

c)Sand gypsum plaster of 12,5mm thickness

180

-

100

100

75

75

d)Vermiculite gypsum plaster of 12,5mm thickness

125

-

75

75

63

63

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

(2) Reinforced concrete, with minimum thickness of protection concrete layer of main bearing reinforce of 25mm

Aggregate concrete c Grade 2 ( ), no-fine concrete a)Sand cement mortar of 13mm thickness b)Sand gypsum plaster of 13mm thickness c)Vermiculite gypsum plaster of 13mm

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thickness 3

Wall of clay brick, concrete or lime sand brick 200

200

100

100

100

100

170

170

100

100

75

75

200

200

100

100

100

100

170

170

100

100

75

75

200

200

100

100

100

100

170

170

100

100

75

75

100

-

100

100

100

100

100

-

100

100

75

75

150

-

100

100

100

100

150

-

75

75

75

50

150

-

100

100

10

100

100

-

75

75

75

50


150

-

100

100

100

100

100

-

75

75

75

50


100

-

100

100

100

100

75

-

75

62

50

50

-

-

100

100

100

100

150

-

100

100

75

50

-

-

100

100

100

100

150

-

100

100

75

50

a)Non-mortar b)Sand cement mortar of 13mm thickness c)Sand gypsum plaster of 13mm thickness d)Vermiculite gypsum plaster or perlite gypsum of 13mm thickness 4

Block wall of aggregate concrete b Grade 1 ( ) a)Non-mortar b)Sand cement mortar of 12,5mm thickness

5

Block wall of aggregate concrete c Grade 2 ( )

a)Non-mortar


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-

-

100

100

100

100

150

-

100

100

75

50

100

-

100

100

100

100

100

-

75

75

75

50

180

140

100

100

100

100

100

-

62

62

50

50

a)Non-mortar

-

-

100

100

100

100

150

-

100

100

75

75


-

-

100

100

100

100

150

-

100

75

75

75

-

-

100

100

100

100

150

-

100

75

75

75

-

-

100

100

100

100

100

-

75

75

75

62

a)Non-mortar

-

-

-

-

-

-

150

-

150

125

125

125


-

-

-

-

-

-

150

-

150

125

125

100

-

-

-

-

-

-

150

-

150

125

125

100

d)Vermiculite gypsum plaster of 12,5mm thickness 6

Light concrete block wall having volume from 475kg/m3 to 1200kg/m3

7

Hollow concrete wall having one hollow core in wall thickness, b aggregate Grade 1 ( )

c)Sand gypsum plaster of 12,5mm thickness d)Vermiculite gypsum plaster of 12,5mm thickness 8

Hollow concrete wall having one hollow core in wall thickness, c aggregate Grade 2 ( )


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9

-

-

-

-

-

-

125

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

100

100

100

100

100

with 150

140

b)Sand gypsum plaster of 12,5mm thickness c)Vermiculite gypsum plaster of 12,5mm thickness

100

100

75

-

-

100

75

-

-

-

100

75

-

-

200

-

100

100

100

62

100

100

100

75

-

75

75

75

75

100

100

100

100

75

-

75

75

75

75

100

100

100

100

75

75

75

75

75

75

Hollow wall with external wall layer built of brick or clay block having minimum thickness of 100mm and internal wall layer as follows: a) Built of brick or clay block, mixed, concrete or sand-lime b) Built of brick or solid/hollow concrete block, aggregate b Grade 1 ( )

11

100

Baked Clay hollow brick wall having density proportion not less than 50% a)Sand cement mortar of 12,5mm thickness

10

-

Hollow

wall

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external wall layer built of baked clay hollow block as item 9 and internal wall layer built of steamed aerated concrete block with volume from 480kg/m3 to 1200kg/m3 NOTE:

(a) to apply only perlite-gypsum plaster in clay brick. (b) ‘Aggregate Grade 1’ means: foamed slag, pumice, furnace slag, fly ashes, broken brick and clay products, overburning clinker and crushed limestone. (c) ‘Aggregate Grade 2’ means: pebble, granite and all kinds of natural crushed stone except limestone.

Table F 2 – Partition structure (Non load-bearing)

1

No.

Structure and material

Fire-resistance limits

(1)

(2)

(3)

Steel frame partition wall with 16mm thickness coating on steel Lati and masoned inside by steamed aerated concrete block with volume from 480 to 1120 kg/m3 and thickness of: 50 mm 62 mm 75 mm

EI 120 EI 180 EI 240

2

Steel frame partition wall with external coating of 100mm thick concrete block and internal 16mm thick gypsum plaster coating of on steel Lati

EI 240

3

Steel frame partition wall with external 16mm thick coating and internal 16mm thick gypsum plaster coating on steel Lati

EI 60

4

d) The 9.5 mm thick finishing slab by vermiculite gypsum render with the thickness of:

EI 120

25 mm

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16 mm

EI 90

10 mm

EI 60

5mm

EI 30

e) The 12.5 mm thick finishing slab No render

EI 30 EI 60

The 12.5 mm thick by gypsum render

f) The 12.5 mm thick finishing slab by vermiculite gypsum render with the thickness of: 25 mm 16 mm 10 mm

g) The 19 mm thick finishing slab (or including 2 layers of the 9.5 mm thick fixed at the edges) without rendering.

EI 120 EI 90 EI 60

EI 60

h) The 19 mm thick finishing slab for two layers of the 9.5 mm thick by vermiculite gypsum rendering with the thickness of: 16 mm

EI 120

10 mm

EI 90

i) The 12.5 mm thick insulation fiber slab with the 12.5 mm thick gypsum render

EI 30

j) The 25 mm thick wood-fiber slab with 12.5 mm thick gypsum render EI 60

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5

Rice husk plate in wooden frames plastered both sides by the 5 mm thick gypsum render

6

Hollow partition by the 9.5 mm thick finishing slab

7

EI 60

No render

EI 30


EI 30

The 22 mm thick by vermiculite gypsum render

EI 120

Hollow partition by the 12.5 mm thick finishing slab No render

EI 30


EI 60

The 16 mm thick by vermiculite gypsum render

EI 120

8

The 19 mm thick finishing slab plastered both sides by the 16 mm thick gypsum render

EI 60

9

The 12.5 mm thick finishing slab plastered by fine gypsum plaster into the both sides of the 19 mm thick finishing slab.

EI 90

10

Three layers of the 19 mm thick finishing slab plastered by fine gypsum plaster

EI 120

11

The 12.5 mm thick wood-fiber slab by cover or render with the thickness of: 75 mm

EI 120 EI 60

50 mm 12

The 50 mm thick rice husk plate has coupled circuits which covered by wooden framing with section 75 mm x 12.5 mm

EI 30

Table F3 – External wall (Non load-bearing) No.


Fire -resistance limit

(1)

(2)

(3)

1

Steel frame wall with outside cover slab is non-flammable material and

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lined inside with: a) The 12.5 mm thick rendering layer with cement sand or gypsum on steel plate b) Two layers of the 19 mm thick finishing slab c) The 9.5 mm thick finishing slab plastered by the 12.5 mm thick gypsum render d) The 12.5 mm thick finishing slab plastered by the 5 mm thick gypsum render

EI 240

EI 30 EI 30

EI 30

e) The 50 mm thick rice husk plate f) The 50 mm thick rice husk plate plastered by the 5 mm thick gypsum render

EI 30 EI 120

2

Wooden frame wall with 10 mm thick outside covering layer by cement – a sand or cement – lime ( ) and lined inside with: a) The 16 mm thick gypsum render on steel plate b) The 9.5 mm thick finishing slab plastered by the 12.5 mm thick gypsum render c) The 12.5 mm thick finishing slab plastered by the 5 mm thick gypsum render

EI 60 EI 60

EI 60

d) The 50 mm thick rice husk plate EI 60 e) Aerated concrete block has thickness of:

3

50 mm

EI 180

62 mm

EI 240

75 mm

EI 240

100 mm

EI 240

Wooden frame wall with the 100 mm thick outside covering layer by brick, calcined clay block, concrete or sand – lime plastered inside by the 16 mm thick gypsum on steel plate 75 mm

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EI 180

��

75 mm 4

EI 180

Wooden frame wall with outside covering layer by overlapped edge slabs a 9.5 mm thick plywood ( ) and lined inside with: a) The 16 mm thick gypsum render on steel plate

EI 30

b) The 9.5 mm thick finishing slab plastered by the 12.5 mm thick gypsum render c) The 12.5 mm thick finishing slab plastered by the 5 mm thick gypsum render

EI 30

EI 30

d) The 50 mm thick rice husk plate e) Aerated concrete block has thickness of:

EI 30

50 mm 62 mm

EI 180

75 mm

EI 240

100 mm

EI 240 EI 240

a

NOTE: ( ) Must consider the presence of the blocking parts can be flammable in the thickness part of these structures which do not contribute to their fire-resistance capacity.

F.2. Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Beam Table F4 - Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Beam No.

Features

The minimum dimension of concrete part (mm) for fire-resistance limit R240

1

R120

R90

R60

R30

Aggregate concrete – Silica origin a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for load-bearing reinforcement b) The width of beam section

2

R180

a

a

a

65( )

55( )

45( )

35

25

15

280

240

180

140

110

80

Aggregate concrete – Silica origin with the 15 mm thick cement or gypsum

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render on slender steel wire. a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for load-bearing reinforcement b) The width of beam section 3

40

30

20

15

15

250

210

170

110

85

70

25

15

15

15

15

15

170

145

125

85

60

60

50

45

35

30

20

15

250

200

160

130

100

80

Aggregate concrete – Silica origin with the 15 mm thick vermiculite / gypsum render a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for load-bearing reinforcement b) The width of beam section

4

a

50( )

Light aggregate concrete a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for load-bearing reinforcement b) The width of beam section a

NOTE: ( ) may have to add extra reinforcement to keep the protective concrete layer b

( ) vermiculite / gypsum must have mixture ratio by volume is between 1

½

to 2:1

F.3. Pre-stressed Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Beam Table F5 – Pre-stressed Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Beam No.

(1)

1

Features

(2)

R240

R180

R120

R90

R60

R30

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

a

Aggregate concrete – Silica origin a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for prestressed reinforcement b) The width of beam section

2

The minimum dimension of concrete part (mm) for fire-resistance limit

a

a

a

100( )

85( )

65( )

50( )

40

25

280

240

180

140

110

80

Aggregate concrete – Silica origin with the 15 mm thick vermiculite

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concrete forms used as fixed apron. a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for prestressed reinforcement b) The width of beam section 3

25

15

210

170

125

100

70

70

65

50

35

25

15

15

180

140

100

70

60

60

90( )

a

475

50

40

30

15

250

210

170

110

85

70

75( )

60

45

30

25

15

170

145

125

85

60

60

50

45

30

25

15

15

140

125

85

70

60

60

80

65

50

40

30

20

a

Aggregate concrete – Silica origin with the 25 mm thick vermiculite / b gypsum ( ) render a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for prestressed reinforcement b) The width of beam section

7

35

Aggregate concrete – Silica origin with the 15 mm thick vermiculite / b gypsum ( ) render a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for prestressed reinforcement b) The width of beam section

6

45

Aggregate concrete – Silica origin with the 15 mm thick gypsum render on slender steel wire. a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for prestressed reinforcement b) The width of beam section

5

60

Aggregate concrete – Silica origin with the 25 mm thick vermiculite concrete forms used as fixed apron. a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for prestressed reinforcement b) The width of beam section

4

a

75( )

Light aggregate concrete a) The average thickness of protective concrete layer for pre-

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stressed reinforcement b) The width of beam section 250

200

160

130

100

80

a



½

to 2:1

F.4. Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Column Table F6 - Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Column (Contacted With Fire In 4 Sides) No.

Features

R240

R180

R120

R90

R60

R30

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

450

400

300

250

200

150

300

275

225

150

150

150

275

225

200

150

120

120

With auxiliary reinforcement inside protective concrete layer

300

275

225

200

190

150

Light aggregate concrete

300

275

225

200

190

150

(1)

1

(2)

Aggregate concrete – Silica origin a) No supplemental protection method b) With the 15 mm thick cement or gypsum render on slender steel wire. c) With vermiculite / gypsum render

2

3

The minimum dimension of concrete part (mm) for fire-resistance limit

Aggregate concrete – Silica origin or lime

a



½

to 2:1

Table F7 - Reinforced Concrete (R.C) Column (Contacted With Fire In 1 Side) No.

Features

The minimum dimension of concrete part (mm) for fire-resistance limit R240

��

R180

R120

R90

R60

R30

��

1

Aggregate concrete – Silica origin

a) No supplemental protection 180 150 100 100 method 125 100 75 75 b) With the 15 mm thick vermiculite a / gypsum ( ) render on contact surface with fire a NOTE: ( ) vermiculite / gypsum must have mixture ratio by volume is between 1

½

75

75

65

65

to 2:1

F.5. Structural Steel

No.

Table F8 - Steel Column With The Protection Coating Layers (Weight Per Linear Meter Is Not Less Than 45 Kg) Structure and coating material The minimum thickness of the coating layer (mm) for fire-resistance limit

(1)

(2)

A

The solid coating layer ( ) (no render)

1

Concrete with the natural aggregate with mix with cement not less than 1:2:4

R240

R180

R120

R90

R60

R30

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

5

-

25

25

25

25

75

-

50

50

50

50

a

a) Non load-bearing concrete with reinforcement b) Load-bearing concrete with reinforcement 2

Solid brick with calcined composite, lime or sand

clay,

100

75

50

50

50

50

3

Solid block by the pumice concrete or foamed slag concrete with the b reinforcement ( ) at all of the horizontal joints

75

60

50

50

50

50

B

The hollow coating layer ( )

1

Solid brick with calcined clay, composite, lime or sand are reinforced at all of the horizontal joints, no render

115

-

50

50

50

50

c

��

��

2

Solid block by the pumice concrete or foamed slag concrete are b reinforced ( ) at all of the horizontal joints, no render

75

-

50

50

50

50

3

Steel plate, rendering layer with gypsum or cement - lime with the thickness of

-

-

38 (d)

25

19

12.5

4

a) Steel plate, rendering layer with vermiculite or perlite gypsum with the thickness of b) Steel plate with 25mm space from the edge, rendering layer with vermiculite or perlite gypsum with the thickness of

50 ( )

-

19

16

12.5

12.5

44

-

19

12.5

12.5

12.5

-

-

-

-

12.5

12.5

-

-

12.5

10

7

7

-

-

16

15

10

10

38 ( )

-

20

13

10

10

63

-

25

25

25

25

5

6

7

d

Finishing slab with gypsum bound by the 1.6mm thick steel thread, 100mm space: a) The 9.5mm thick finishing slab to render by gypsum with the thickness of: b) The 19mm thick finishing slab to render by gypsum with the thickness of: Finishing slab with gypsum bound by the 1.6mm thick steel thread, 100mm space: a) The 9.5mm thick finishing slab to render by vermiculite gypsum with the thickness of: b) The 19mm thick finishing slab to render by vermiculite gypsum with the thickness of: Vermiculite cement panel with the ratio 4:1 is reinforced by steel and rendering layer. The thickness is:

��

d

��

a

NOTE: ( ) The solid coating layer means an outside coat is fastened into steel, not create the gap between contact surface and all coupled circuits inside that coat is tight and solid. b

( ) Reinforced steel must be the tying wire has the thickness is not less than 2.3 mm or a steel wire has unit quantity not less than 0.48kg/m2. The distance between reinforced steel parts, in concrete protection layer, on any dimension not less than 150 mm. c

( ) The hollow coating layer means there is a space between protection material and steel. All hollow protection kinds for column must be sealed effectively at each floor level. d

( ) It is necessary to have reinforced slender steel wire with surface space from 12.5 mm to 19 mm except special corner beads are used.

No.

Table F9 - Steel Column With The Protection Coating Layers (Weight Per Linear Meter Is Not Less Than 30 Kg) Structure and coating material The minimum thickness of the coating layer (mm) for fire-resistance limit

(1)

(2)

A


R240

R180

R120

R90

R60

R30

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

75

50

25

25

25

25

75

75

50

50

50

50

-

-

38

32

19

12.5

-

-

38

25

19

12.5

-

-

22

19

16

12.5

32

-

12.5

12.5

12.5

12.5

a

Concrete with the natural aggregate with mix with cement not less than 1:2:4 1

a) Non load-bearing concrete with b reinforcement ( ) b) Load-bearing concrete with reinforcement

2

Vermiculite cement mixer for the coating with the thickness:

B

The hollow coating layer ( )

1

Steel plate:

c

a) Rendering layer with cement and lime with the thickness of b) Rendering layer with the gypsum with the thickness of c) Rendering layer with vermiculite or perlite gypsum with the thickness of ��

��

2

Finishing slab with gypsum bound by the 1.6mm thick steel thread, 100mm space: -

-

-

-

12.5

12.5

-

-

12.5

10

7

7

-

-

-

-

-

12.5

-

-

16

15

10

10

32

-

10

10

7

7

d) The 19mm thick finishing slab to render by gypsum with the thickness of:

-

-

20

13

10

10

4

Vermiculite cement panel with the ratio 4:1reinforced by steel and rendering layer. The thickness is:

63

-

25

25

25

25

5

Rendering with gypsum and sand; 12.5mm thickness to the reinforced wooden textile panel with the thickness of:

-

-

50

38

38

38

3

a) The 9.5mm thick finishing slab to render by gypsum with the thickness of: b) The 19mm thick finishing slab to render by gypsum with the thickness of: Finishing slab with gypsum bound by the 1.6mm thick steel thread, 100mm space: a) The 9.5mm thick finishing slab fixed to the wooden frame by nail, to render by gypsum with the thickness of: b) The 19mm thick finishing slab to render by vermiculite gypsum with the thickness of: c) The 19mm thick finishing slab to render by vermiculite gypsum with the thickness of:

a


( ) Reinforced steel must be the tying wire has the thickness is not less than 2.3 mm or a steel wire has unit quantity not less than 0.48kg/m2. The distance between reinforced steel parts, in concrete protection layer, on any dimension not less than 150 mm. c

( ) The hollow coating layer means there is a space between protection material and steel. ��

��

All hollow protection kinds for column must be sealed effectively at each floor level.

F.6. Structural Aluminum Table F10 - Alum Column And Beam With The Protection Coating Layers (Weight Per Linear Meter Is Not Less Than 16 Kg) Structure and coating material Minimum thickness of the coating layer (mm) for fire-resistance limit

No.

R240

R180

R120

R90

R60

R30

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

coating

-

-

-

-

44

19

(1)

(2)

A


1

Vermiculite and cement layer with the thickness of:

B

The hollow coating layer( )

1

Steel plate, rendering layer with vermiculite or perlite gypsum with the thickness of

-

-

32

22

16

12.5

2

Steel plate, rendering layer with fine gypsum with the thickness of

-

-

-

-

19

12.5

3

Finishing slab with gypsum bound by the 1.6mm thick steel thread, 100mm space to render by vermiculite gypsum with the thickness of:

-

-

22

16

10

10

a

b

a


( ) The hollow coating layer means there is a space between protection material and steel. All hollow protection kinds for column must be sealed effectively at each floor level.

��

��

F.7. Floor Structure Table F11 – Wooden Floor No.


(1)

(2)

Minimum thickness of the protection layer (mm) to ensure fire-resistance limit REI 60

REI 30

(3)

(4)

A

Floor tile having flush joining edge fixed into timber beams which have their width not smaller than 38mm, the under face is

1

Timber strip and rendering whose thickness is

-

16,0

2

Timber strip and rendering whose minimum thickness is 16mm, the under face is covered with finishing sheet whose thickness is

-

12,5

3

Steel lath and rendering with a) Plaster whose thickness is

-

16,0

b) Vermiculite whose thickness is

-

12,5

4

A finishing sheet whose thickness is

-

12,5

5

A finishing sheet whose thickness is 9,5mm, plaster rendering whose thickness is

-

12,5

6


-

12,5

7

Two finishing sheets whose total thickness is

-

25,0

8

A thermal insulation fiber sheet whose minimum thickness is 9,5mm, plaster rendering whose thickness is

-

5,0

9

A thermal insulation fiber sheet whose minimum thickness is 12,5mm, plaster rendering whose thickness is

-

12,5

10

Timber fiber sheet whose thickness is 25mm, plaster rendering whose thickness is

-

5,0

B

Floor tile having joining edge of male and female type a whose thickness ( ) is not smaller than 16mm (finishing

��

��

thickness), and fixed into timber beams which have their width not smaller than 38mm, the under face is 1


-

16,0

2

Timber strip and rendering whose minimum thickness is 16mm, the under face is covered with finishing sheet whose thickness is

-

9,5

3

Steel lath and rendering with a) Plaster whose thickness is

22,0

16,0

b) Vermiculite whose thickness is

12,5

12,5

-

9,5

-

12,5

12,5

-

4


5

A finishing sheet whose minimum thickness is 9,5mm, rendering with a) Plaster whose thickness is b) Vermiculite whose thickness is

6


-

5,0

7


-

22,0

8

A finishing sheet whose minimum thickness is 9,5mm, plaster rendering whose thickness is

-

5,0

9

Timber fiber sheet whose thickness is 25mm, rendering with: -

5,0

10,0

-

a) Plaster whose thickness is b) Vermiculite whose thickness is C

Floor tile having joining edge of male a whose thickness ( ) is not smaller than thickness), and fixed into timber beams section (height x width) not smaller than the under face is

1


-

16,0

2

Steel lath and rendering thickness is

-

16,0

��

and female type 21mm (finishing which have their 175mm x 50mm,

��

3


4

A finishing sheet whose minimum thickness is 9,5mm, rendering with a) Plaster whose thickness is

-

9,5

-

12,5

12,5

-

b) Vermiculite whose thickness is 5


-

5,0

6


-

19,0

7

A thermal insulation fiber sheet whose thickness is

-

12,5

8

A thermal insulation fiber sheet whose minimum thickness is 12,5mm, plaster rendering whose thickness í

-

12,5

9

Timber fiber sheet whose thickness is 25mm, rendering with: -

5,0

10,0

-

a) Plaster whose thickness is b) Vermiculite whose thickness is

Table F12 – Reinforced concrete floor (Silica or limestone aggregate) No.

Floor framing

(1)

1

(2)

REI

REI

REI

REI

REI

REI

240

180

120

90

60

30

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

25

25

20

20

15

15

150

150

125

125

100

100

25

25

20

20

15

15

Solid floor slab a) The medium thickness of covering concrete a b) Overall height ( ) of the section

2

The smallest size (mm) to ensure the fire-resistance rating

Piping slab with round or pipe section is higher width. There must be no less than 50% of the total area of cross section of slab is solid material. a) The medium thickness of covering concrete

��

��

b) The thickness of bottom flange a c) Overall height ( ) of the section 3

30

25

20

190

175

160

140

110

100

25

25

20

20

15

15

50

40

40

30

25

20

230

205

180

155

130

105

25

25

20

20

15

15

125

100

90

80

70

50

190

175

160

140

110

100

b

b

b

35

25

15

65

55

45

35

25

15

150

140

115

90

75

60

150

150

125

125

100

90

b

b

b

35

25

15

40

30

25

20

15

10

75

70

60

45

40

30

150

150

125

125

100

90

T-shaped stiffening rib a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of covering concrete on the side face c) The width of rib or T-shaped foot d) The thickness of flange

6

40

Section with stiffening rib and the hollow box is inserted by the calcined clay block, or inversed T section with the hollow box is inserted with concrete block or calcined clay block. If floor has not exceed 50% of the total area of cross section of slab is solid material, which is must be covered with a plaster of 15 mm thick on the under surface. a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) Width or stiffening rib or underbeam. a c) Overall height ( ) of the section

5

40

Box section has one or more longitudinal hollow compartment with width greater than height a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of bottom flange a c) Overall height ( ) of the section

4

50

65( ) 55( ) 45( )

Stiffening rib with inversed U section and curve radius at the intersection of bottom flange with top of rib not greater than the thickness of section. a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of covering concrete on the side face c) The width of rib or U-shaped foot d) The thickness of top flange

��

65( ) 55( ) 45( )

��

7

Stiffening rib with inversed U section and curve radius at the intersection of bottom flange with top of rib greater than the thickness of section. a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of covering concrete on the side face c) The width of rib or U-shaped foot d) The thickness of top flange

b

b

b

35

25

15

40

30

25

20

15

10

70

60

50

40

35

25

150

150

100

100

75

65

65( ) 55( ) 45( )

a

NOTES: ( ) can add the thickness of glazes or finish coat by anti-fire material b

( ) can have to add the auxiliary reinforcement to keep the covering concrete

Table F13 – Pre-stressed reinforcement concrete floor (Silica or limestone aggregate) No.

Floor framing

(1)

1

(2)

REI

REI

REI

REI

REI

REI

240

180

120

90

60

30

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

a

Solid floor slab a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b b) Overall height ( ) of the section

2

The smallest size (mm) to ensure the fireresistance rating

a

65( )

50( )

40

30

25

15

150

150

125

125

100

100

Piping slab with round or pipe section is higher width. There must be no less than 50% of the total area of cross section of slab is solid material a

a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of bottom flange b c) Overall height ( ) of the section

3

Box section has one or more longitudinal hollow compartment with width greater than a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of bottom flange b c) Overall height ( ) of the section

��

65( )

50( )

a

40

30

25

15

50

40

40

30

25

20

190

175

160

140

110

100

65( )

a

50( )

a

40

30

25

15

65

50

40

30

25

10

230

205

180

155

130

105

��

4

Section with stiffening rib and the hollow box is inserted by the calcined clay block, or beam with inversed T section and the hollow box is inserted with concrete block or calcined clay block. If floor has not exceed 50% of the total area of cross section of slab is solid material, which is must be covered with a plaster of 15 mm thick on the under surface. a

a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) Width or stiffening rib or underbeam. b c) Overall height ( ) of the section 5

50( )

a

40

30

25

15

125

100

90

80

70

50

190

175

160

140

110

100

Stiffening rib with T-shaped section a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of covering concrete on the side face c) The width of rib or T-shaped foot d) The thickness of flange

6

65( )

100( )

a

85( )

65( )

a

50( )

a

40

25

100

85

65

50

40

25

250

200

150

110

90

60

150

150

125

125

100

90

Stiffening rib with inversed U section and curve radius at the intersection of bottom flange with top of rib not greater than the thickness of section. a

a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of covering concrete on the side face c) The width of rib or U-shaped foot d) The thickness of top flange 7

a

100( )

85( )

a

65( )

a

50( )

a

40

25

50

45

35

25

20

15

125

100

75

55

45

30

150

150

125

125

100

90

Stiffening rib with inversed U section and curve radius at the intersection of bottom flange with top of rib greater than the thickness of section. a

a) The medium thickness of covering concrete b) The thickness of covering concrete on the side face c) The width of rib or U-shaped foot d) The thickness of top flange

100( )

85( )

b

65( )

b

50( )

a

40

25

50

45

35

25

20

15

110

90

70

50

40

30

150

150

125

125

100

90

a

NOTES: ( ) can add the thickness of glazes or finish coat by anti-fire material

��

��

b

( ) can have to add the auxiliary reinforcement to keep the covering concrete

F.8. Glazing Unit Table F14 – Glazing unit No.

1


-

6,35

-

6,35

6,35

6,35

-

98,43

Glass is reinforced by the squared wire mesh as description in Section 2 of this table, which is installed in door, window, light aperture, dormer and lantern is fixed in a metal frame (fixed barrier) with an area not 2 more than 1.115 m . The fixing is made by the metal batten, all detailed metal must have a melting point not lower than 982.2°C The thickness of glass

4

E 30

Glass, is reinforced by the squared wire mesh with diameter not less than 0.46 mm, distance from each fiber center of wire mesh should not exceed 12.70mm, intersection position of fiber is done with point welding, or the hexagonal wire mesh with the mesh distances is measured with parallel two-side is 25.4 mm The thickness of glass

3

E 60

Glass, the indirect aggregate with metal which has the melting point not lower than 982.2°C, has square with area no bigger than 2 0,015m . The thickness of glass

2

The smallest thickness (mm) of glazing unit to ensure the fire-resistance rating

Brick or glass block in wall

NOTES: In the above table, some positions belong to the fire-resistance columns which are no value that mean glass units as description are not allowed to use that case. Glass accord with item 1 and 2 in above when is installed in door, window, light aperture, ��

��

dormer and lantern is fixed by wooden frame (fixed barrier) with the smallest width and thickness is 44,45 mm without weaking. The fixing is made by wooden or metal batten or by aggregate of glass and details to keep 2 the corner or clamping with area not exceed 0.372 m .

��

��

Appendix G Regulation on distance to emergency exits and emergency exit width G.1.

Allowable limit distance from the farthest point (Having activities and people working) to the nearest emergency exit.

G.1.1. For housing

The allowable limit distance from the entrance door of the apartment (House belonging to group F 1.3) or of house room (House belonging to group F 1.2) to the nearest emergency exit (staircase chamber or exit to outside) has to be as per in Table G.1 Table G 1 - Allowable limit distance from the entrance door of the apartment or house room to the nearest emergency exit Fire rate of the house

Structure Fire danger rate of the house

Allowable limit distance from the entrance door of the apartment or house room to the nearest emergency exit (m) Between staircase chambers or between exits to outside

At the ended corridor

I, II

S 0

40

25

I I

S 1

30

20

I I I

S 0

30

20

S 1

25

15

I V

S 0 S1, S2

25

15

20

10

No regulation

20

10

V

G.1.2. For public works

a) The allowable limit distance along the emergency exit from the entrance door of the farthest room of the public construction (Except the sanitary room, washing and shower room, and other services) to the nearest emergency exit (exit to outside of into staircase chamber) has to be as per Table G2.a Table G 2a - Allowable limit distance from the entrance door of the compartment to the nearest emergency exit of the public construction Fire rate of the

Distance (m) in case the exit people density (People / m2) is

��

��

(1)

Up to 2

From over 2 up to 3

From over 3 up to 4

From over 4 up to 5

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Over 5

(6)

A. From the compartment having exit door placed in the middle of staircase chambers or in the middle o

exits to outside I, II, III

60

50

40

35

20

IV

40

35

30

25

15

V

30

25

20

15

10

B. From rooms with door opening direct toward short corridor or public lobby I, II, III

30

25

20

15

10

IV

20

15

15

10

7

V

15

10

10

5

5

Legend: 1) Escape people density is determined by the ratio of the total people has to evacuate from the emergency exit and the area of that one. 2) It is requested to apply the values of distance in Schedule G 2a as follows: Kindergarten for column (6); the schools, professional training college and junior colleges, universities for column (3), the column (5) for inpatient treatment hospital, hotels for column (4), for the other public utility areas, the escape people density in the corridor is taken specific for each project.

b) Allowed limit distance from any point of rooms which has different area, have not seat for audience to the nearest emergency exit must be accordance with Schedule G 2b. When have a combination of the main emergency exits into the public exit, the width of this public exit of not less than the total width of the component exits. Table G 2b - Allowed limit distance from any point of public room has not a seat for audience to the nearest emergency exit Using type of room Fire resistance Allowed limit distance (m) level from any point of to the nearest emergency exit with room’s area (1000 m³)

1. Waiting, ticket room, show room, dancing, rest room and similar

��

Up to 5

More than 5 to 10

≥ 10

I, II

30

45

55

III, IV

20

30

-

V

15

-

��

2. Dining, reading rooms when the area of each main way per person not less than 0.2m ²

3a. Commercial rooms when the area of each main way according to the percent of the area of rooms is not larger than 25% 3b. Commercial rooms when the area of each main way according to the percent of the area of rooms is larger than 25%

I, II

65

-

-

III, IV

45

-

-

V

30

-

-

I, II

50

65

80

III, IV

35

45

-

V

25

-

-

I, II

25

30

35

III, IV

15

20

-

V

10

-

-

G.1.3 For manufacturer a) Allowed limit distance from farthest working station in room to the nearest emergency exit (Exit directly to outside or staircase) must be in accordance with schedule G.3. For rooms that have an area is larger than 1.000m ³, the distance shown in Schedule G3 includes the length of the way along corridor to go the exit.

b) Allowed limit distance in Schedule G3 with the intermediate values of the volume of the room is determined by linear interpolation c) Allowed limit distance in Schedule G3 is made for the rooms which has the height is up to 6.0m. When the room’s height is more than 6.0m, this distance will increase as follows: If the room’s height is up to 12.0m, this distance will increase by 20%, if a height up to 18m, distance increases by 30%; if a height up to 24m, distance increases by 40% but not more than 140m for the rooms of Grade A, B and not more than 240m for the room of grade C Table G 3 - Allowed limit distance from the farthest working station to the nearest emergency exit of manufacturer The Room Fire Fire Distance (m) when escape people volume of grade resistance danger density on the public way room level of level of house house structure

(1) Up to 15

(2) A, B

Up to 1

More than 1 to 3

More than 3

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

I, II, III, IV

S0

40

25

15

��

��

C1, C2, C3

30

I, II, III, IV

S0

100

60

40

III, IV

S1

70

40

30

V

S2, S3

50

30

20

I, II, III, IV

S0

60

35

25

I, II, III, IV

S0

145

85

60

III, IV

S1

100

60

40

I, II, III, IV

S0

80

50

35

I, II, III, IV

S0

160

95

65

III, IV

S1

110

65

45

I, II, III, IV

S0

120

70

50

I, II, III, IV

S0

180

105

75

III, IV

S1

160

95

65

A, B

I, II, III, IV

S0

140

85

60

C1, C2, C3

I, II, III, IV

S0

200

110

85

III, IV

S1

180

105

75

I, II, III, IV

S0

240

140

100

III, IV

S1

200

110

85

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

A, B

40

50

≥

≥

60

80

C1, C2, C3

Table G.3 (the end) (1)

(2)

Not belong C4, D the volume

I, II, III, IV

S0

Not limited

Not limited

Not limited

III, IV

S1

160

95

65

Not specified

120

70

50

S0, S1

Not limited

Not limited

Not limited

V

Not belong E the volume

I, II, III, IV

��

��

IV, V

S2, S3

160

95

65

LEGEND: Escape people density is determined by the ratio of the total people have to evacuate from the emergency exit and the area of that one

d) Allowed limit distance from the farthest room’s door with the area is not more than 1.000m² of manufacturer to the nearest emergency exit (exit outside or staircase) must be accordance with Schedule G.4 Table G 4 - Allowed limit distance from the production room’s door has the area of 1.000m² to the nearest emergency exit. Location room Fire Fire Distance go along the corridor (m) from the of room grade resistance danger room’s door to the nearest emergency exits, door level of level of when the escape people density go on the house house public way (persons / m²) is

A, B Middle two exits

C1, C2, C3

C4, D, E

C4, D, E

Go to short corridor

Not belong the grade

Up to 2

More than 2 to 3

More than 4 to 4

More than 4 to 5

I, II, III, IV

S0

60

50

40

35

I, II, III, IV

S0

120

95

80

65

III, IV

S1

85

65

55

45

Not specified

S2, S3

60

50

40

35

I, II, III, IV

S0

180

140

120

100

III, IV

S1

125

100

85

70

Not specified

S2, S3

90

70

60

50

I, II, III, IV

S0

30

25

20

15

III, IV

S1

20

15

15

10

Not specified

S2, S3

15

10

10

8

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G.2 the width of the emergency exit G.2.1 For public building a) Width of exit way, from corridor to staircase box, as well as the width of staircase must be defined in accordance with the number of people who need to exit by that way and the rate of exited people calculated on 1 meter width of entrance (door). Belonging to the fire limitation grade of building (excluding the cinema, club, theater, and sported constructions), this rate does not exceeded the followings values: - Building with the Fire resistance rate I, II, is not over than 165 persons/m; - Building with the Fire resistance rate III, IV, is not over than 115 persons/m; - Building with the Fire resistance rate V, is not over than 80 persons/m; b) In order to calculate the width of exit way for building of high school, boarding school and boarding areas of school, it’s needed to define the largest number of people that can be present at once on a floor based on the biggest number of people in grade rooms, training rooms, bedrooms as well as sport compartments, conference rooms, lecture hall on that floor (see item G.3, Table G9) c) Width of entrance doors of grade room with number of students over 15 persons is not less than 0,9m. d) Width of exit way from the compartments that have no seat for audiences must be defined according to number of people who need to exit thought out that way as on following Table G5, but not less than 1,2m for compartments with capacity of over 50 persons. Table G5 – Maximum number of people on 01 meter width of exit way in compartments that have no seat for audience in public building Maximum number of people on 01 meter Fire width of exit way in compartments with resistance volume (thousand m3) Type of function of compartments rate of More than 5 More than or building Up to 5 to 10 equal to 10

1. Commercial compartments in case of the main exit way is not less than 25% of area of compartment; Dining room and reading room when the density of people flow in main entrance is not bigger than 5 persons/m2 2. The commercial compartments in case of the main exit way is less than 25% of area of compartments; Other rooms

e)

I, II

165

220

275

III, IV

115

155

-

V

80

-

-

I, II

75

100

125

III, IV

50

70

-

V

40

-

-

Width of main exit way in a commercial compartment is followed:

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-

Not less than 1,4m in case of the commercial area is not larger than 100m2; Not less than 1,6m in case of the commercial area is larger than 100m2 but not exceeded 150m2; Not less than 2,0m in case of the commercial area is larger than 150m2 and but not exceeded 400m2; Not less than 2,5m in case of the commercial area is larger than 400m2;

f) The number of people for 1m wide of the escape way from the stands of the sporting stadiums and open theater has to be following the Table G.6. Table G.6 – the maximum number of people for 1 m wide of the escape way from the stands Fireproof level the maximum number of people for 1 m wide of the escape way from the of the stands construction Following the staircases of the Following the exit doors from the project main ways of the stands main ways of the stands Downside Upside Downside Upside I,II 600 825 620 1,230 III,iV 420 580 435 860 V 300 415 310 615 Note: the maximum number of people escaping through 1 exit door does not exceed 1,500 people with the stand of fireproof level I and II. With the stand of fireproof level III, the number of people escaping will be reduced 30%; and 50% for the fireproof level IV. G.2.2. To the manufacturers a. The width of the one escape way from a room will be determined following the number of people escaping through that way and the number of the people over 1m wide of the exit to be suitable to Table G7, but not less than 0.9m.

The number of people for 1 m wide of the escape way for the intermediate figures of the building volumes will be determined by the interpolating methodology. The number of people for 1 m wide of one escape way from the room over than 6m high will be calculated more as follows: increase 20% when the buildings is 12m high; increase 30% when the buildings is 18m high; increase 40% when the buildings is 24m high. With the intermediate figures of the building heights, the number of people will be determined by the interpolating methodology. Table G.7 – the maximum number of people for 1 m wide of the escape way from a room of the manufacturer The room Type of the Fireproof level The grade of the maximum volume (1,000 room of the building fire damage of number of m3) the building people for 1 m wide of the escape way from a room (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) To 15 A,B I, II, III, IV S0 45 ��

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C1,C2,C3

I, II, III, IV S0 110 III, IV S1 75 Not requirement S2,S3 55 30 A,B I, II, III, IV S0 65 C1,C2,C3 I, II, III, IV S0 155 III, IV S1 110 40 A,B I, II, III, IV S0 85 C1,C2,C3 I, II, III, IV S0 175 III, IV S1 120 50 A,B I, II, III, IV S0 130 C1,C2,C3 I, II, III, IV S0 195 III, IV S1 120 Equal and over A,B I, II, III, IV S0 150 60 C1,C2,C3 I, II, III, IV S0 220 III, IV S1 155 Equal and over C1,C2,C3 I, II, III, IV S0 260 80 III, IV S1 220 Not depend on C4, D I, II, III, IV S0 260 the volume III, IV S1 180 Not requirement S2, S3 130 b) the width of the escape way from the staircase to the outside or into the staircase, it is determined by the number of people to escape through that way, or based on the figures in the table G.8, but not less than 0.9m wide. Table G.8 – the maximum number of people for 1 m wide of the escape way from a lobby of the manufacturer The highest Fire resistance level The hazardous fire the maximum hazardous categories of the buildings grade of the building number of people for of the room in fire structure 1 m wide of the which has the escape escape way from a way to the lobby lobby A,B I,II,III, IV S0 85 C1,C2,C3 I,II,III, IV S0 173 IV S1 120 Not requirement S2, S3 85 C4,D,E I,II,III, IV S0 260 IV S1 180 Not requirement S2, S3 130 G.3. Determining the maximum number of the people in the building or part of the building: The maximum number of people in a room, a floor or a building is the number of the people defined by the approved design. If the design is not determined these numbers, the maximum number of the people will be divided by the floor area in a room, a floor, or a building over the floor space figure (m2/people) determined in the Table G.9.

Note: the floor area is not including the areas of the staircase, lift, WC and other utilitites. ��

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No.

(1) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Table G.9 - the floor space coefficient (m2/people) The usage space

(2) The area for standing audience, no sitting bar and similar break area Entertainment area with roof, conference room, crowded area, club, dancing stage, or similar areas Large reception area, goods arrangement or sales area Meeting room, living room, conference room, dining room, reading room, restaurant, working area or waiting room Market, commercial center, supermarket Exhibition or studio (cinema, radio, TV, recording) Shops, service office: malls, hairdressing, laundry, maintenance service, or equivalent Art gallery, product display area, museum, or equivalent Office Big furniture shops as: furniture, carpet, … Kitchen or library Bedroom or bedroom combined with studying room Living room, entertainment room Storage Garage

the floor space coefficient (m2/people) (3) 0.3 0.5

0.7 1.0 1.35 1.5 2.0

8 5.0 9 6.0 10 7.0 11 7.0 12 8.0 13 10.0 14 30.0 15 2 people/car Note: a) If not using the figure in the above table, it can refer to the other similar actual projects. In this case, the figure must show the average working ratio in the maximum point of time per a year. b) When the objective cannot be found in the above table, it can be chosen from a comfortable value from a similar objective. c) If there are many functions in one area or one room, the maximum figure must be chosen. If there are many functions in a building, each area must calculate with the figure corresponding to such functional area.

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Appendix H The Requirement Of The Limit Floors (The Limit Height) And Fire Area Of The Building H.1. Housing H.1.1. Apartment

The allowed height of the building and maximum area of one floor within the flammable compartment of the apartment building is following the figures in Table H.1. Table H1-The allowed height of the building and maximum area of the apartment building Fire resistance level The hazardous fire The allowed The allowed of the buildings grade of the building maximum height of maximum area of structure the building (m) one floor within the flammable compartment (m2) I S0 75 2,200 II S0 50 2,200 S1 28 2,200 III S0 25 1,800 S1 15 1,800 IV S0 5 1,000 3 1,400 S1 5 800 3 1,200 S2 5 500 3 900 V No requirement 5 500 3 800 H.1.2. Dormitory The allowed height of the building and maximum area of one floor within the flammable compartment of the dormitory is follows:

-

To the dormitory with the single block: following the Table H1 (as the apartment building)

-

To the dormitory with the lobbies: following Table H2.

Table H2- the flammable compartment of the dormitory with the common lobbies Fire resistance level The hazardous fire The allowed The allowed of the buildings grade of the building maximum height of maximum area of structure the building (m) one floor within the flammable compartment (m2) I S0 50 2,200 II S0 28 2,200 S1 15 1,000 ��

��

III IV, V

S0 S1 No requirement

15 9 3

1,000 1,200 400

H2. Building and Public Works H2.1. The allowed height of the building and maximum area of one floor within the flammable compartment for the some types of the public buildings are following Table H3. Table H3-The allowed maximum area of the one floor within the flammable compartment of some types of the public buildings Fire resistance level of The allowed maximum The allowed maximum area the buildings height of the building of one floor within the (m) flammable compartment (m2) I,II Following Table H4 2,200 III Following Table H4 1,800 IV 1 1,400 2 1,000 V 1 1,000

2

800

Note: 1) in the building with the fire resistance level of I and II, with the automatic fire fighting system to be installed, the area of the flammable compartment in the Table H.3 will be allowed to increase but not excess 2 times.

2) the walls, partitions and ceilings made of wood of building with the fire resistance level V to be used for the kindergarten, schools, boarding school, outpatient department and clinic, children healthcare clinic, clubs (except the one floor club with the granite slab walls) to be fireproof. 3) if there is one flammable compartment of the one floor building, there is a mezzanine with the area not to be exceeded 15% of the one flammable compartment, it can be considered as the one one floor building. 4) in the passenger stations or equivalent area, if the fireproof partition can’t be installed, the water curtain Drencher can be replaced the fireproof partition. The water curtain will be installed into 2 strips with 0.5m distance, with the spraying capacity is not less than 1 liter/second for each of linear meter with both of the strips. The minimum working period of the water curtain is for 1 hour. 5) in the airport terminal with the fire resistance level I, the area of one flammable compartment can be up to 10,000m2 without the basement; or with the basement (semi-basement) which there is storage or rooms to be stored the flammable materials (except the locker rooms). At that moment, the way from the cleaning tool rooms in the basement and semi-basement to the first floor can be used the open staircases. If the way from the locker rooms in the basement and semi-basement to the first floor must be used the separate close staircases. The locker rooms (except the rooms to be equipped the automatic locking machines) are separated with the other ��

��

areas of the basement by the fireproof partition level I and installed the automatic firefighting system. The office in the basement must be used the flammable partitions. 6) in the airport terminal, there is no limit areas among the fireproof partitions if the automatic firefighting systems are installed. 7) the auxiliary areas of the buildings as the canopy, steps, outdoor lobby,… can be taken the fire resistance lower 01 level than main building. 8) in the competition sporting stadiums, indoor swimming pools (with the chairs or without chairs) as well as the swimming training rooms, and in the indoor training shooting rooms ( including under the stands or separately built in the public buildings), the flammable compartment can be increased to 6,000m2 for one floor building with the fire resistance level I, II; to 5,000m2 for 2 to 5 floor building with the fire resistance level I; and to 4,000m2 for 2 to 5 floor building with the fire resistance level II. 9) in the independent sporting buildings with the fire resistance level I, II, the flammable compartment can be increased to 10,000m2. These areas can be increased more but not exceed 2 times if the automatic firefighting systems are installed. 10) in the grand halls, receptions and waiting rooms with the areas larger than the figures in the Table H3, it can be replaced the fireproof walls by the transparent fireproof partitions type 2. H2.2. Kindergarten, preschool education, maternity hospital, school, cinema, theater, club, culture house, shops, living service building are the independent works with the maximum floors to be depended on the project scale and fire resistance level of the building following the Table H.4. Table H.4. The maximum floors of the independent projects Name of the project and project scale fire resistance The maximum level of the floors to be building allowed (1) (2) (3) 1. Kindergarten, preschool education a) Up to 50 kids V, IV 1 floor b) Up to 150 kids III, 2 floors c) Up to 350 kids II, I 2 to 3 floors (*) 2. General hospital, maternity hospital a) Up to 50 beds V, IV 1 floor b) Over 50 beds III, 2 floors c) Not dependent on the number of II, I 9 floors (*) beds 3 Classroom of school and residential school a) Up to 270 seats V 1 floor b) Up to 360 seats IV 1 floor c) Up to 720 seats III, 2 floors d) Not dependent on the number of II, I 4 floors ��

��

seat 4 Cinema a) Lower than 300 seats b) Up to 400 seats c) Up to 600 seats d) Over 600 seats 5 Theater 6. Club, Culture house: a) Lower than 300 seats b) Up to 400 seats c) Up to 600 seats d) Over 600 seats 7. Shop (department store, food and supermarket)

V IV III, II, I II, I

1 floor 2 floors 2 floors Not definition Not definition

V IV III, II, I

1 floor 2 floors 3 floors Not definition

V, IV III, II, I

1 floor 2 floors 5 floors

8. Living service building V, IV 1 floor III, 2 floors II, I 6 floors NOTE: a) in the kindergarten, preschool buildings with 3 floors, the highest floor will be used for eldest kids, musical and sporting rooms, playing areas. b) Area for kids (including lower than 3 year old kid with the parent taking care of) in the hospital must be arranged from the fifth floor down. Area for kids lower than 7 year old kid must be arranged from the 2nd floor down. c) The audience room in the club and culture house with the fire resistance level IV st must be arranged in 1 floor. The audience room in the club and culture house with the fire resistance level III must be arranged from the 2nd floor down. H3. The highest floor can be arranged for the amphitheatre, conference room, meeting room, sporting area The amphitheatre, conference room, meeting room, sporting area in the public buildings, multipurposed buildings are only fixed on the highest floor as regulation in the Table H.5. Table H.5. the highest floor can be arranged for the amphitheatre, conference room, meeting room, sporting area The fire resistance Number of seat the highest floor can be level of the arranged building (1) (2) (3) I, II Up to 300 14 From 300-600 5 Over 600 3 III Up to 300 3 From 300-600 2 IV, V Up to 300 1 NOTE: 1) When determining the highest floor to arrange the rooms with the slopes, the levels of the floors are determined equivalent with the levels of the first row of seats. 2) the conference rooms in the high schools and day-boarder schools with the fire ��

��

nd

resistance level III will be arranged not over 2 floor, the type of this floor will be fireproof slab level II. H.4. Workshop and storage H.4.1. In the manufacturing workshop, the maximum floor area in the flammable compartment depends on the fire resistance level, fire hazardous level for the structure system and the height of the building indicated in the Table H.6. Table H.6 – The areas of the manufacturing workshop flammable compartment (building in the F5.1 group) Grade of the The Fire The maximum area of one floor manufacturing maximum resistance within the area of the flammable workshop floors to be level compartment (m2) allowed 1 floor 2 floor 3 floor (floor) building building building up (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) A and B 6 I (*) A and B (not 6 II (*) 5,200 3,500 manufacturing the chemical and petroleum) A (manufacturing the 6 II (*) 5,200 3,500 chemical and petroleum) B (manufacturing the 6 II (*) 10,400 7,800 chemical and petroleum) C Not I to II (*) definition 3 III 5,200 3,500 2,600 1 IV 2,600 1 V 1,200 D Not I to II (*) definition 3 III 6,500 2,500 3,500 1 IV 3,500 1 V 1,500 E Not I to II (*) definition 3 III 7,800 6,500 3,500 1 IV 3,500 1 V 2,600 NOTE: (*) Not requirement for the area of the flammable compartment but the project must follow strictly the Fire design codes to be applied for such projects; 1) In the manufacturing workshop with the automatic fire fighting systems, the areas between the fireproof partitions are allowed to increase in the comparison with the figures in Table H.6 but not exceed 2 times. 2) In the manufacturing workshop with the automatic fire alarm systems, the areas between the fireproof partitions are allowed to increase 25% in the comparison with the figures in ��

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QCVN06-2010_Eng Version_For Fire & Safety

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