CMJMY Idvlelsl Cmjmt
Mim cdcdrmpm idvlelsl cmjmt yme` iljdoujmjme khdn pmrm mnhl ilmetmrmeym mimhmn1 =% Odeurut Cle`nmo .=<>6, odeadhmsjme cmjmt mimhmn sumtu jkeilsl mtmu sdrme`jmlme jmrmjtdrlstlj mtmu jdomopume sdsdkrme` yme` ide`me sumtu hmtlnme jnusus ododue`jlejmeeym odebmpml sumtu jdbmjmpme( pde`dtmnume ime jdtroplhme jnusus( olsmheym jdomopume cdrcmnmsm( jdomopume cdromle ouslb ime hmle/hmle% hmle/hmle% 3% Odeurut Brkw & Brkw imhmo cujueym @dedrmh Wsybnkhk`y sdcm`mlomem iljutup khdn Eurjmebmem .=<<2 1 =<=,( ode`mtmjme cmnwm 1 Cmjmt mimhmn sumtu jumhltms yme` Emopmj pmim tle`jmn hmju omeuslm pmim sumt hmpme`me jdmnhlme tdrtdetu sdpdrtl ouslb( sdel ode`mrme`( jdbmjmpme imhmo omtdomtljm( jdmnhlme imhmo clime` odsle( mtmu jdmnhlme/jdmnhlme hmleeym% 2% Odeurut Rtmockdh Oumemeilr ime Ouemeimr .=<>013, Odeidflelsljme( cmjmt mimhmn jdomopume mhmolmn uetuj odopdrkhdn pde`dtmnume mtmu jdtrmoplhme( yme` rdhmtlvd clsm cdrslfmt uouo%Ouemeilr ..377=1=4/=6, ode`mtmjme( cmnwm cmjmt sdrle` iljmtmjme odrupmjme jdomopume yme` ilcmwm sdamj hmnlr( ide`me jmtm hmle cdrslfmt jdturueme% Wmeime`me lel sdrle` jltm ide`mr sdbmrm uouo sdcm`mlomem pmrm mnhl ime krme` mwmo% 9% Odeurut Ruzujl .=<<21=/3, odopueyml pmeime`me yme` odemrlj tdetme` cmjmt% Lm cd rme``mpme jmtm sdamj hmnlr il`uemjme sdbrm bdrkckn ilimhmo pdreymtmme sdamj hmnlr jdtljm jltm ode`mtmjme memj odopueyml cmjmt sdamj hmnlr sdcdemreym tdhmn cdruslm hlom mtmu demo tmnue% Jdtljm jltm odhlnmt cmyl yme` cmru hmnlr tdetu jltm tlimj mjme pdremn clsm odomstljme mpmjmn cmyl tdrsdcut emetleym amil pdomle ckhm yme` cmlj( pdomle ouslb mtmujmn odeamil sdkrme` smsmtrmwme% 4% Odeurut O% E`mhlo Wurwmetk imhmo cujueym Wsljkhk`l Wdeililjme ilsdcutjme cmnwm jmtm cmjmt hdcln idjmt pde`drtlmeeym ide`me jmtm mptltuid yme` cdrmrtl jdbmjmpme pdocmwmme( ymltu yme` ode`deml jdsme``upme/jdsme``upme .pktdesl/pktdesl, yme` tdrtdetu% 6% Plhhlmo C% Olbnmdh odocdrl idflelsl ode`deml cmjmt sdcm`ml cdrljut 1 Me mptltuid omy cd idfledi ms m pdrske“s bmpmblty( kr nypktndtlbmh pktdetlmh( fkr mbqulsltlke mbqulsltlke kf m bdrtmle okrd kr hdss
wddhidfledi pmttdre kf cdnmvlkr levkhvdi le tnd pdrfkromebd kf m tmsj rdspdbt tk wnlbn tnd leilvliumh nms nmi hltthd kr ek prdvlkus trmlele` .Olbnmdh( =<671 4<,% Amil Olbnmdh odeleamu cmjmt
ltu tdrutmom imrl sd`l jdomopume leilvliu uetuj odhmjujme sdsumtu tu`ms( yme` sdiljlt sdjmhl tdr`metue` jdpmim hmtlnme ode`deml nmh tdrsdcut% 0% Pkkiwkrtn ime Omrquls odocdrljme idflelsl idoljlme1 mptltuid ls prdilbtmchd mbnldvdodet mei bme cd odmsurdi cy spdblmhhy idvlsdi tdst .Pkkiwkrtn ime Omrquls( =<401 4>,% Cmjmt
.mptltuid,( khdn Pkkiwkrtn ime Omrquls ilomsujjme imhmo jdomopume .mclhlty,% Imrl cdcdrmpm pde`drtlme ilmtms impmt ilslopuhmjme cmnwm cmjmt mimhmn jdomopume yme` ilcmwm sdamj hmnlr( yme` ide`me hmtlnme/hmtlnme tdrtdetu mjme odopdrkhdn cdrcm`ml ombmo pde`dtmnume ime jdtrmoplhme jnusus mtmu Cmjmt odrupmjme sumtu jdomopume spdslflj yme` odocdrljme leilvliu sumtu jkeilsl uetuj odoue`jlejme tdrbmpmleym pde`dtmnume( jdbmjmpme mtmu jdtdrmoplhme tdrtdetu sdtdhmn odhmhul hmtlnme %
Yds Cmjmt
Yds cmjmt ilhmjujme ide`me tuaume sdcm`ml cdrljut( ymltu1
Ilm`eksls% Yuaumeeym mimhmn uetuj ode`dtmnul cmjmt sdsdkrme` sdnle``m mjme hdcln ouimn
odomnmol pktdesl yme` mim% Ide`me idoljlme( impmt odocmetu uetuj ode`memhlsls pdromsmhmnme yme` ilnmimpl tdstl il omsm jlel sdbmrm hdcln bdromt%
Wrdiljsl% Wmim imsmreym( prdiljsl mimhmn odopdrtdoujme pktdesl sdsdkrme` ide`me
pdrsymrmtme yme` iltuetut khdn hdocm`m sdnle``m impmt ilpdrjlrmjme mtmu ilprdiljsljme jdoue`jleme jdsujsdsme mtmu jd`m`mhme sdsdkrme` imhmo clime` tdrtdetu il omsm idpme% Wrdiljsl odhlputl sdhdjsl( pdedopmtme ime jhmslfljmsl Cdcdrmpm Odtkid Wde`ujurme+Memhlsm Yds Cmjmt
Wde`momtme Rdidrnmem% Bmrm sdidrnmem lel clsm ilhmjujme krme`tum lel uetuj ode`dtmnul jmrmjtdr( jdbdeidrue`me cmjmt+ pktdesl jdbdrimsme memj% Hme`jmn lel ododrhujme ododrhujme wmjtu yme` sme`mt hmom% =% Memhlsm Wsljkodtrlb % Odtkid cdrljuteym mimhmn ide`me ode`memhlsm imtm rdspke sdsdkrme` yme` tdrjuopuh odhmhul cdcdrmpm pdrtmeymme yme` yme` ilcdrljme( jdouilme ilslopuhjme ilslopuhjme uetuj odedetujme tlpd jdprlcmilme( jmrmjtdr( cmjmt( cmjmt( ihh% Bketkn1 tds L]( L]( Wsljktds( ihh% 3% Memhlsm Wsljkclkodtrlb % Odtkid lel cdrtuaume Tetuj ode`ujur ime ode`dtmnul jmrmjtdr imsmr sdrtm pktdesl cmjmt imhmo ilrl sdsdkrme` odhmhul memhlsm slilj amrl ode``uemjme systdo jkoputdrlsmsl% 2% Memhlsm Wsljkodtrlb cdrtuaume uetuj ode`dtmnul Cmjmt Ttmom( ode`ujur pktdesl Jdbdrimsme yme` ilolhljl sdsdkrme` odhmul sdcumn prksds stlouhmsl yme` ilamhmel .sdjkhmn( trmlele`( pde`mhmome( ihh,% Bketkn Memhlsm Wsljkodtrlb1 Wsljktds( Yds L]( ihh Cm`l sdsdkrme` yme` tlimj pdremn odeimpmt stlouhmsl pde`docme`me pktdesl ilrl( nmslh memhlsm yme` ilpdrkhdn tlimj omopu sdpdeuneym odeadhmsjme cmjmt & pktdesl ilrl yme` ilolhljleym% Nmslh Memhlsm Wsljkodtrlb bdeidrue` cdrucmn imrl wmjtu jd wmjtu tdr`metue` imrl tle`jmt pdomnmome sdsdkrme` tdrsdcut tdetme` #omtdrl# yme` ilsmaljme imhmo tds Wsljkodtrlb% Memhlsm Wsljkclkodtrlb ilhmjujme uetuj ode`dtmnul cmjmt ime pktdesl utmom yme` ilcmwm sdsdkrme` sdamj lm imhmo jmeiue`me nle``m mamh odeadhme`% Nmslh memhlsm Wsljkclkodtrlb tlimj mjme pdremn ode`mhmol pdrucmnme( odsjl ilhmjujme
cdruhme`/
uhme` pmim wmjtu cdrhmleme% Rme`mt kcadbtlvd( tlimj mim trlj3 mtmu jlmt3 tdrtdetu m`mr sdsdkrme` clsm 'ouhus' imhmo odeamhmeleym%
Ombmo ‒ ombmo Ydst Cmjmt
Ydst cmjmt ilcdimjme ide`me 3 jdhkopkj ymltu 1 =% Jdhkopkj Rle`hd Ydst % Yds cmjmt yme` tdrilrl imrl smtu adels ad els tds ime pmim uouoeym ode`ue`jmp jdomopume jnusus yme` ilolhljl sdsdkrme`( metmrm hmle1 tds sdeskrl( tds mrtlstlj( tds jhdrljmh( tds jrdmtlvltms( tds Jrmdpdhle ime tds Wmuhl% 3% Jdhkopkj Cmtdrml Yds% Yds cmjmt yme` tdrilrl imrl rme`jmlme cdrombmo/ombmo tds yme` omsle`/ omsle` tds impmt cdrilrl sdeilrl( mrtleym tlimj nmrus il`uemjme sdbmrm jdsdhurunme% Olsmheym1 FMBY( IMY ime @MYC% Ide`me ouebuheym tdjels memhlsls fmjtkr imhmo cdrcm`ml pdedhltlme yme` cdrimsmrjme tdkrl jdbdomsme( tdrutmom tdkrl jdbdrimsme( tdrutmom tdkrl jdhkopkj fmjtkr ime strujtur letdhdj( nmslheym odopueyml pde`mrun cdsmr imhmo pdeyusueme tds cmjmt( tdromsuj tds ouhtlphd cmjmt% Yds Rdrl Ouhtlphd Cmjmt mimhmn sdauohmn tds yme` ilpmjml uetuj ode`ujur cdrcm`ml ombmo cmjmt% Adels tds lel tlimj nmeym ode`ujur smtu ombmo cmjmt smam( tdtmpl impmt odeamrle` cdrcm`ml ombmo cmjmt pmim cmeymj sucadj% Mim cdrombmo ‒ ombmo tds sdrl ouhtlphd cmjmt( ilmetmrmeym 1 =% Ilffdrdetlmh Mptltuids Ydst .IMY, 3% @dedrmh Mptltuid Ydst Cmttdry .@MYC, 2% Fmhmem`me Mptltuid Bhmslflbmtlke Ydst .FMBY, 9% Mbmidolb Wrkolsd Ydst .MWY, 4% Fhmem`me Leiustrl Ydst .FLY, 6% @ulhfkri Qloodrome Mptltuid Rurvdy 0% Ekerdmile` Mptltuid Ydst Cmttdrmy .EMYC,( =<6< Diltlke%
=% Ilffdrdetlmh Mptltuid Ydsts . IMY ,
Yds lel ilsusue khdn 1 @dkr`d J% Cdeedt( Nmrhkhi @% Rdmsnkrd( ime Mhdxmeirm @% Pdsome% Yds lel ilcumt ide`me omjsui m`mr impmt ode`ujur jdomopume odetmh imrl cdcdrmpm fmjtkr cujme nmeym smtu fmjtkr smam sdnle``m sjkr yme` ilnmslhjme tlimj puhm nmeym smtu mjme tdtmpl mim cdcdrmpm sdsuml ide`me jdomopume yme` ilujur% Jmrdem ltuhmn tds lel ilcumt m`mr odeimpmtjme prksdiur pdelhmlme yme` lholmn( tdrletd`rmsl( ime stmeimri cm`l ourli/ourli sdjkhmn pmim `rmid >/=3( Jmrdem L] cujmehmn odrupmjme stmeimr yme` odomiml hm`l% IMY cdrlsl 0 omtdrl tds( ode`ue`jmp 0 mspdj cmjmt cdrnltue`( pdemhmrme( rume` clime`( tds odjmelj( bdpmt tdhltl( vdrcmh rdmskele` & hme`um`d tds% IMY odrupmjme smhmn smtu imrl cmtdrl oktlf cmjmt yme` sdrle` il`uemjme% Wdrtmom jmhl ilpuchljmsljme pmim tmnue =<90( IMY tdhmn ilrdvlsl sdbmrm cdrjmhm% Cmtdrml ltu ilrmebme` tdrutmom il`uemjme imhmo clocle`me jmrlr slswm jdhms > ‒ =3% IMY dilsl jd / 4 tdrsdilm imhmo 3 hdvdh 1 hdvdh =( ilrmebme` tdrutmom uetuj slswm il jdhms 0 ‒ < ime krme` idwmsm yme` suimn cdrsdjkhmn hdcln imrl < tmnue tdtmpl yme` oue`jle cdhuo tmomt sdjkhmn odede`mn%IMY odolhljl < tds( ymltu 1 =% Vdrcmh rdmskele` 3% Euodrlbmh mclhlty 2% Mcstrmbt rdmskele` 9% Rpmbd rdhmtlke 4% Odbnmelbmh rdmskele` 6% Bhdrlbmh spddi mei mburmry 0% Hme`um`d usm`d /Wmrt L 1 Rpdhhle` >% Hme`um`d usm`d /Wmrt LL 1 Rdetdebd Yds lel impmt ilcdrljme smtu sdrl mtmu nmeym sdcm`lme smam( sdsuml ide`me tuaume ime mspdj mpm yme` mjme ilujur% Yds lel impmt il`uemjme uetuj pdeililjme mtmu uetuj pdolhlnme pdjdramme% Wmim smmt lel cmru 4 tds imrl 0 tds yme` cmru il`uemjme sdtdhmn odhmhul pksds odedradomnjme pdtueauj+lestrujsleym jd imhmo cmnmsm Leikedslm( ymltu 1
=% Euodrlbmh Mclhlty / Yds Cdrnltue` 3% Mcstrmbt Sdmskele` / Yds Wdemhmrme 2% Rpmbd Sdhmtlke ‒ Yds Wkhm 9% Odbnmelbmh Sdmskele` ‒ Yds Wde`drtlme Odjmelj 4% Bhdrlbmh Rpddi mei Mbburmby ‒ Yds Bdpmt Ydhltl Ime clsm ilrlebl sdcm`ml cdrljut 1 =% YDR CDSNLYTE@
m% Emom Emom Mshl 1 Euodrlbmh Mclhlty Fkro M + Emom Leikedslm 1 Yds Cdrnltue` c% Cdetuj \me` Ydrsdilm Cdrupm cuju bdtmjme( cdrujurme sdtde`mn fkhlk% Wmim nmhmome pdrtmom tdrtuhls pdtueauj ode`dramjmeeym% Auohmn skmh ? 97 cutlr( hdocmr amwmcme tdrplsmn% b%
Mspdj yme` ilujur
Yds lel ode`ujur jdomopume cdrfljlr ide`me me`jm( pde`umsmme nucue`me euodrlj( olsmheym
pdeauohmnme
yme`
sdidrnmem(
bkopuhmtlke cujme mrltnodtlb rdmskele`%
sdnle``m
tds
lel
ilsdcut
mrltnodtlb
Pmhmupue tds lel ode`ujur mspdj yme`
sdidrnmem( cdrsmom ‒ smom ide`me vdrcmh rdmskele` imrl IMY impmt ode`ujur jdomopume cdhmamr sdbmrm uouo .`dedrmh hdmrele` mclhlty,% Yds cdrnltue` lel cdrsmom ‒ smom
ide`me mcstrmbj rdmskele` mtmu
Wdemhmrme
.M2,
ime Vdrcmh Sdmsklele` mjme
ode`ujur letdhd`desl uouo .Cdeedtt( =<43( p% 6/0%, 6/0 %, i% Rmalme Wdeymalme tds lel impmt ilhmjujme sdbmrm leilvliumh omupue jhmsljmh d% Pmjtu Wdeymalme Pmjtu yme` iltdetujme uetuj ode`dramjme tds lel lmhmn 27 odelt% Rd ime`jme wmjtu uetuj lestrujsl sdjltmr 4 ‒ =7 odelt% f%
Yuaume
Yds lel il`uemjme uetuj odhmjujme prdiljsl imhmo clime` pdeililjme ime pdjdramme .Cdeedtt( =<43( p% =,( Clime` pdeililjme odhlputl omtdomtljm( flsljm( jlolm( tdjelj( lhou skslmh( cmnmsm Le``rls .uetuj cmnmsm Le``rls nmrus cdrsmom ‒ smom ide`me vdrcmh rdmskele`( sdetdebd( ime spdhhle`%Il smople` ltu impmt il`uemjme puhm uetuj clime` yme` hmle yme`
jurljuhuoeym ode`utmomjme cdrfljlr sdbmrm jumetltmtlf% Rdime`jme ode`deml clime` pdjdramme ilmetmrmeym odhlputl 1 mslstde hmckrmtkrluo( tmtm cuju( stmtlstlj% . Cdeedt( =<43( p% 6, `% Vmhliltms ime Sdhlmclhltms Imhmo omeumh vmhlimsl ilhmjumjme ide`me ode``uemjme prdstmsl sdjkhmn sdcm`ml jrltdrluo( ilmetmrmeym Cmnmsm Le``rls( Omtdomtljm( Rbldebd( Lhou Rkslmh( ime Rdamrmn( Cmnmsm sdhmle Cmnmsm Le``rls .Wdrmebls( Adrome( Hmtle( Okidre( Rpmeykh,% Imhmo vmhlimsl lel adels jdhmole ilplsmnjme ime tle`jmt pdeililjme jdhms LL ROW smopml jdhms LLL ROM .`rmid > ‒ =3,%Sdhlmclhltms tds lel ilbmrl ide`me ode``uemjme odtkid sphlt nmhf% Tetuj prlm ilpdrkhdn jkdflslde rdhlmclhltm yme` cdr`drmj sdjltmr >4 ‒ <2 ime uetuj uetuj wmeltm sdjltmr >3 ‒ >>% .Cleedt( =<43( p% 66,% n% Bmrm Wdocdrlme Rjkr Tetuj odocdrljme elhml ilpdrnmtljme auohmn amwmcme yme` cdemr ime auohmn amwmcme yme` smhmn% \me` cdemr ilcdrl elhml = .smtu, sdime` yme` smhmn ilcdrl elhml 7 .ekh,% l%
Ekrom
Ekrom yme` mim lmhmn ode``uemjme prdsdetlh% Ydrimpmt imhmo omeumh IMY% Imhmo ekrom lel ilcdimjme metmr prlm ime wmeltm sdrtm ilcumt `rmid > ‒ =3% Ydhmn ilcumt puhm ekrom cdrimsmrjme smopdh yme` imtme` il Clrk Jkesuhtmsl Fmjuhtms Wsljkhk`l T@O( ide`me smopdh wmeltm 3=4 krme` ime smopdh prlm 2=7 krme` ide`me tle`jmt pdeililjme jdhms LLL ROM% .Sdtek Runmptl & Plseu Omrtmel( =<>=,% a%
Bmtmtme
Cdrimsmrjme nmslh pdedhltlme yme` iljutlp khdn Rupdr ime Jrltds .=<64( p% 296, tdrcujtl cmnwm vdrcmh rdmskele` ime tds cdrnltue` il`mcue`jme odopueyml jkrdhmsl ide`me tds PMLR sdcdsmr 7(06 .sucadjeym memj ‒ memj cdruour =6 tmnue ,( ime sdcdsmr 7(09 7( 09 .sucadjeym
rdomam cdruour =0 tmnue,% Ode`deml pdedhltlme yme` hmle il Leikedslm tds cdrnltue` lel tdhmn ilsdhliljl vmhliltmseym ide`me ode``uemjme jrltdrluo prdstmsl cdhmamr pmim slswm ROM jdhms LL LWM ime LWR .E?=42, il imdrmn pdrjktmme% Nmslh pdedhltlme odeueaujjme jkdflslde vmhliltms 7(4= .sme`mt sl`elfjme,% Mim pdedhltlme hmle ode`del tds cdrnltue` lel tdetme` rdhlmclhltmseym% Odtkid yme` ilpmjml mimhmn tds/td tds% Rmopdh yme` il`uemjme mimhmn ourli ROW Ed`drl = \k`ymjmrtm( auohmneym >9 krme`( pdeililjme jdhms LL ime odeueaujjme nmslh yme` sme`mt sl`elfljme ide`me jkdflslde sdcdsmr 7(07<% .Yktk Jkwmtk dt% mh%( =<>= ,%
3% YDR WDEMHMSME
m% Emom Emom Mshl 1 Mcstrmbt Sdmskele` + Emom Leikedslm 1 Yds Wdemhmrme c% Cdetuj \me` Ydrsdilm Cdrupm cuju bdtmjme% Wmim nmhmome pdrtmom tdrtuhls pdtueauj ode`dramjmeeym% Rkmh cdrauohmn ? 47 cutlr ime hdocmr amwmcme tdrplsmn% b%
Mspdj yme` ilujur Yds lel ode`ujur jdomopume pdemhmrme leilvliu yme` cdrslfmt ‘eke ‒ vdrcmh‟( ymltu
odhlputl jdomopume leilvliu uetuj impmt odomnmol mimeym nucue`me yme` hk`ls imrl fl`ur ‒
fl`ur mcstrmj
mtmu
prleslp ‒
prleslp
‘eke
‒
vdrcmh
idsl`es‟% Mcstrmj idsl`es‟% Mcstrmj
Sdmskele` cdrsmom ‒ smom ide`meVdrcmh Sdmskele` ime Euodrlbmh ode`ujur @dedrmh Letdhhl`debd%
i% Rmalme Wdeymalme tds lel impmt ilhmjujme sdbmrm leilvliumh omupue jhmsljmh d% Pmjtu Wdeymalme Odeurut omeumh mshleym( wmjtu yme` iltdetujme uetuj ode`dramjme tds lel lmhmn 34 odelt% Rdime`jme wmjtu uetuj lestrujsl sdjltmr 4 ‒ =7 odelt% f%
Yuaume
Yds lel il`uemjme ilhle`jue`me sdjkhmn( pdrusmnmme( ime jd`lmtme skslmh hmleeym% Yds lel rdhdvme uetuj pdhmamrme mtmu pdjdramme+prkfdsl yme` ododrhujme pdrsdpsl nucue`me metmrm cdeim ‒ cdeim% `% Vmhliltms ime Sdhlmclhltms VMHLILYMR 1 Odeurut mshleym .IMY, tds lel odopueyml tle`jmt vmhliltms yme` cdrvmrlmsl
cdrimsmrjme spdslfljmsl jrltdrlm ime pkpuhmsleym sdpdrtl nmheym suc tds imrl IMY I MY hmleeym% yme` mshl ilhmjujme ide`me ode``uemjme odtkid SDHLMCLHLYMR 1 Sdhlmclhltms tds pdemhmrme yme` cdhmn ium ime jkrdjsl Rpdmrome ‒ Crkwe ide`me odopdrnmtljme vmrlmcdh adels jdhmole ime tle`jmtme sdjkhmn( odeueauj mimeym vmrlmsl sdpdrtl tdimpmt pmim IMY p% 66 ide`me jkdflslde jkrdhmsl cdrjlsmr metmrm 7(>4 ‒ 7(<3% Rdcm`ml pdocmeile`( pdedhltlme Imhlh Milsucrktk il IL\ .=<04, ime Amtlo( Amtde`( Amcmr .=<06, ide`me odtkid uhme`( ide`me auohmn sucydj <07 ime =7>4 odopdrkhdn jkdflslde Sdhlmclhltms 7(0>2 ime 7(064% n% Bmrm Wdocdrlme Rjkr Mpmclhm sdsuml ide`me juebl amwmcme ilcdrl elhml = .smtu,( clhm tlimj sdsuml ilcdrl elhml 7 .ekh,% Rdnle``m sjkr tdrtle``l ? 47% Suous pdocdrlme sjkr jmsmr ? S / ¸ P . auohmn yme` cdemr iljurme`l ¸ jmhl auohmn yme` smhmn,% l%
Ekrom
Ekrom yme` mim lmhmn ode``uemjme prdsdetlh% Ydrimpmt imhmo omeumh IMY% Imhmo ekrom lel ilcdimjme metmrm prlm ime wmeltm sdrtm ilcumt `rmid > ‒ =3% Il Clrk Jkesuhtmsl Fmjuhtms Wsljkhk`l T@O( tdhn ilcut ekrom mimptmsl( yme` ilsusue imrl nmslh tds ourli ‒ ourli RHYM jdhms LLL( ide`me stme flvd imeilcdimjme metmrm prlm ime wmeltm% a%
Bmtmtme
Yds pdemhmrme lel bkbkj uetuj jkeilsl il Leikedlm sdcmc slfmteym yme` Buhturd Frdd% Emoue ilpdrhujme pdocmjume yme` odomiml uetuj jkeilsl stdopmt( olsheym odocumt ekrom jdhkopkj% Wdedhltle il Leikedslm pdremn ilhmjujme khdn Imhlh Milsucrktk 1
=% IL\ .=<04, pmim slswm ROW ide`me E ? <07 .H+W, ide`e brltdrlm humr prdtmsl cdhmamr .r ? 7(2>>: p 8 7(7=, 3% Amtlo( Amtde`( Amcmr .=<06,( pmim slswm ROW ide`me E ? =7>4 .H+W, ide`me brltdrlm humr prdstsl cdhmamr . r ? 7(23>: p 8 7(7=,%
2% YDR WKHM
m% Emom Emom Mshl 1 Rpmbd Sdmhtlke + Emom Leikedslm 1 Yds Wkhm c% Cdetuj \me` Ydrsdilm Cdrupm cuju bdtmjme( cdrujurme sdtde`mn fkhlk% Wmim nmhmome pdrtmom tdrtuhls pdtueauj ode`dramjmeeym% Auohmn skmh ? 97 cutlr( hdocmr amwmcme tdrplsmn% Ilsmople` ltu mim au`m dilsl tmnue =<<=% Cutlr skmh cdrauohmn 67 ide`me emom Yds Sume` Clime` b%
Mspdj yme` ilujur
Yds Wkhm mtmu Rpmbd Sdhmtlkes ilomjsuijme uetuj ode`ue`jmp mtmu ode`ujur jdomopume ode`demh cmrme` ‒ cmrme` jke`jrlt odhmhul prksds pde`hlnmtme jnususeym ode`deh cmrme` sdbmrm tl`m ilodesl% Cutlr ‒ cutlr skmh ilcumt m`mr tdstl impmt ode`jkestrujsljme cmrme` ide`me pkhm yme` tdrsdilm sdbmrm tdpmt% Amil sucadj+tdstl nmrus impmt odomelpuhmsl sdbmrm odetmh( odopueyml jrdmsl tdrnmimp sdsumtu Rtrujtur cmrme` tdrtdetu ide`me pdrdebmemme yme` cmlj% i% Rmalme Wdeymalme tds lel impmt ilhmjujme sdbmrm leilvliumh omupue jhmsljmh d% Pmjtu Wdeymalme Pmjtu yme` iltdetujme uetuj ode`dramjme tds pkhm dilsl tmnue =<43 lel lmhmn 27 odelt% Rdime`jme wmjtu uetuj lestrujsl sdjltmr 4 ‒ =7 odelt f%
Yuaume
Yds lel il`uemjme uetuj jnusus uetuj ode`dtmnul sdcdrmpm amun jdomopume sdsdkrme` ode`demh rume` tl`m ilodesl( cmlj uetuj clime` stuil omupue uetuj pdjdramme% Jdomopume lel ilpdrhujme sdjmhl imhmo clime` ‒ clime` pdrdebmeme idsmle pmjmlme( mrsltdjtur( sdel( idjkrmsl( mtmu clime` ‒ clime` hmle yme` odocutunjme pde`momtme tl`m ilodesl% Wrdiljsl pmhle` cmlj uetuj de`leddrle`( odbnmelbmh idsl`e( ime phmed `dkodtrl% `% Vmhliltms ime Sdhlmclhltms Odeurut omeumh IMY( vmhliltms tds ilbmrl ide`me ode``uemjme jrltdrluo cmnmsm Le``rls( Omtdomtljm(Rbldebd( Lhou Rkslmh ime Rdamrmn sdrtm cmnms sdhmle Le``rls .Adrome( Wdrmebls,% Imhmo vmhliltms lel ilcdimjme adels jdhmole ime `rid yltu > ‒ =3% Sdhlmclhltm ilbmrl ide`me tdjelj cdhmn ium% Tetuj prlm ilpdrkhdn jkdflslde metmrm 7(<3 ‒ 7(<9% Rdime`jme uetuj wmeltm metmrm 7(>6 ‒ 7(<3% n% Bmrm Wdocdrlme Rjkr Yds Wkhm ilsjkr ide`me bmrm smhmn ime cdemr odeurut juebl amwmcme yme` tdrsdilm% Rjkr mjnlr lmhmn auohmn amwmcme yme` cdemr iljurme`l auohmn amwmcme yme` smhmn% Suous 1 S ‒ P% Rjkr omjslomh =77% l%
Ekrom
Rdcm`lme ilsdcutjme il mtms cmnwm cdhuo mim pdedhltlme uetuj pmrm rdomam Leikedslm( omjm ekrom yme` mim lmhmn omsln mshl imrl IMY dilsl =<43% Cdhuo mim ekrom nmslh mimptmsl mtmu nmslh pdeyusueme jnusus uetuj nmh ltu% a%
Bmtmtme
Yds lel sme`mt pdetle` uetuj ode`ue`jmp jdomopume jnusus sdsdkrme`( omjm pdrhu pdedhltlme ‒ pdedhltlme m`mr hdcln ometmp pde``uemmeeym% Jmrdem pdocujume il Leikedslm cdhuo mim omjm pdrhu odocumt ekrom jdhkopkj aljm odhmjujme tds sdbmrm jdhkopkj%
Wdtueauj bmrm ode`dramjme pdrhu ilcdrljme hdcln imnuhu% Wdrhu ilcdrltmnujme cmnwm tlmp skmh mim jdoue`jleme hdcln imrl smtu amwmcme%%
9% YDR WDE@DSYLME ODJMELJ
m% Emom Emom Mshl 1 Odbnmelbmh Sdmskele` + Emom Leikedslm
1 Yds Wde`drtlme Odjmelj
c% Cdetuj \me` Ydrsdilm Cdetuj cuju bdtmjme% Wmim nmhmome idpme tdrtuhls pdtueauj ode`dramjeeym% Rkmh cdrauohmn 6> cutlr ime hdocmr amwmcme tdrplsmn% b%
Mspdj yme` ilujur
Yds Wde`drtlme Odjmelj lel odrupmjme cdetuj cmru imrl Odbnmelbmh Bkoprdndeslvd yme` ilcumt khdn Cdeedtt% Mspdj yme` ilujur lmhmn imym pdemhmrme il clime` jdram odjmels ime prleslp flsljm( yme` odrupmjme smhmn smtu fmjtkr letdhd`desl imhmo mrtl hums% i% Rmalme Wdeymalme tds lel impmt ilhmjujme sdbmrm leilvliumh omupue jhmsljmh d% Pmjtu Wdeymalme Pmjtu yme` iltdetujme uetuj ode`dramjme tds pkhm dilsl tmnue =<43 lel lmhmn 27 odelt% Rdime`jme wmjtu uetuj lestrujsl sdjltmr 4 ‒ =7 odelt% f%
Yuaume
Yuaume tds lel uetuj ode`dtmnul jdomopume jnusus imhmo clime` jdomopume odjmelj% Ide`me ode`dtmnul jdomopume lel omjm impmt iltdetujme aurusme stuil omupue uetuj odolhln pdjdramme% Clime` pdjdramme yme` odocutunjme jdomopume lel metmrm hmle lmhmn 1 Yujme` jmyu( mnhl odsle( pdodhlnmrmme odsle( pdrmjlt .mssdochdr,% `% Vmhliltms ime Sdhlmclhltms Odeurut omeumh IMY( vmhliltms tds lel ilhmjujme ide`me ode``uemjme jrltdrluo prdstmsl cdhmamr imhmo pdhmamrme Omtdomtljm( cmnmsm Le``rls( Rbldebd( Lhou Rkslmh ime Rdamrmn sdrtm cmnmsm sdhmle cmnmsm Le``rls .Adrome( Wdrmebls,% Imhmo vmhliltms lel ilpdrnmtljme adels jdhmole ime `rmid ymltu > ‒ =3% Sdhlmclhltms ilbmrl ide`me odtkidsphlt nmhf% Tetuj prlm ilpdrkhdn jkdflslde rdhlmclhltm metmrm 7(>= ‒ 7(>6% Rdime`jme uetuj wmeltm cdr`drmj metmrm 7(6< ‒ 7(02% n% Bmrm Wdocdrlme Rjkr Mpmclhm sdsuml ide`me juebl amwmcme ilcdrl sjkr = .smtu,( clhm tlimj sdsuml ilcdrl sjkr 7 .ekh,% Rdnle``m sjkr tdrtle``l ? 6>% Suous pdocdrlme sjkr jmsmr ? S ‒ ¿ P .auohmn cdemr iljurme`l ¿ jmhl auohmn yme` smhmn,% l%
Ekrom
Ekrom yme` mim lmhmn ode``uemjme prdsdetlh% Ydrimpmt imhmo omeumh IMY% Imhmo ekrom lel ilcdimje metmrm prlm ime wmeltm sdrtm ilcumt uetuj `rmid > ‒ =3% Wdrhu ilpdrnmtljme ekrom tds Wde`drtlme Odjmelj lel uetuj prlm ime wmeltm sme`t odeykhkj pdrcdimme me`jmeym% Il Clrk Jkesuhtmsl Fmjuhtms Wsljkhk`l T@O( tdhmn ilcumt ekrom mimptmsl( yme` ilsusue imrl nmslh tds ourli ‒ ourli Rdjkhmn Hmeautme Yle`jmt Mtms jdhms LLL ide`me tlvd ime ilcdimjme metmrm prlm ime wmeltm% ode``uemjme stme ‒ tlvd
a%
Bmtmtme
Yds lel odome` cmeymj `uemeym ime cmeymj odekhke` jkesuhtme uetuj odedetujme aurusme stuil ime pdolhlnme pdjdramme( omjm pdrhu iljdocme`jme hdcln hmeaut% Imhmo pde``uemme tds lel( m`mr hdcln impmt ilpdrbmym supmym ilcumt ekrom jdhkopkj sdtlmp odhmjujme tdstle`%
4% YDR BDWMY IME YDHLYL m% Emom
Emom Mshl 1 Bhdrlbmh Rpddi mei Mbburmby + Emom Leikedslm 1 Yds Bdpmt ie Ydhltl c% Cdetuj \me` Ydrsdilm
Cdrupm cuju bdtmjme imhmo ujurme jumrtk% Ydrilrl imrl smtu nmhmome pdtueauj pmim nmhmome pdrtmom% Ium nmhmome skmh cm`lme = ime 3 nmhmome skmh cm`lme LL% Omsle` ‒ omsle` cm`lme tdrilrl imrl =77 cutlr skmh% Hdocmr amwmcme tdrplsmn tdrplsmn imrl cuju skmh% b%
Mspdj yme` ilujur
Yds lel ode`ujur rdspke sucadj tdrnmimp tu`ms ‒ tu`ms mtmu pdjdramme yme` odeyme`jut jdbdpmtme pdrsdpsl .imrl stlouhus yme` cdrslfmt sdidrnmem,( jdbdpmtme rdspke tdrnmimp jkoclemsl nuruf ime me`jm( le`mtme yme` slfmteym tlimj hmom . okodetmry rdhmtlke, i% Rmalme
Wdeymalme tds lel impmt ilhmjujme sdbmrm leilvliumh omupue jhmsljmh d% Pmjtu Wdeymalme
Pmjtu yme` iltdetujme uetuj ode`dramjme tds lel lmhmn 4 odelt uetuj cm`lme L ime 2 odelt uetuj cm`lme LL% Rdime`jme wmjtu uetuj lestrujsl sdjltmr 4 ‒ =7 odelt% Jmrdem tds lel odrupmjme tds jdbdpmtme omjm sdcdhuo tdstl ode`dramjme tds( tdstdr nmrus ymjle cmnwm tdstl tdhmn tmnu mpm yme` nmrus iljdramjme% f%
Yuaume
Yds lel impmt il`uemjme uetuj jkesdhle` sdjkhmn .slswm yme` odeimpmtjme sjkr rdeimn imhmo tds lel jdoue`jleme ode`mhmol jdsuhltme imhmo jdbdpmtme ime prdslsl olsmheym, mtmu uetuj sdhdjsl pmrm pdhmomr pdjdrame tdrtdetu%Jmrdem tds lel impmt odrmomhjme prkiujtlvltms sdsdkrme` imhmo ode`dramjme pdjdramme ‒ pdjdramme rutle yme` odhlcmtjme omsmhmn pdrsdpsl ime pdocdrlme tmeim ‒ tmeim omjm yme` tdrutmom tds lel ilcutunjme ‘ Flhle`( Bkile`( Rtkbj Skko Pkrj %‟ %‟ uetuj pdjdrame ‒ pdjdramme ‘bhdrlbmh‟% Olsmheym ‘Flhle`(
`% Vmhliltms ime Sdhlmclhltms
Odeurut omeumh IMY vmhlimsl tds lel ilhmjujme ide`me ode``uemjme prdstmsl cdhmamr sdcm`ml jrltdrluo ymltu Cmnmsm Le``rls( Omtdomtljm( Rbldebd( Lhou Rkslmh( ime Rdamrmn( Cmnmsm sdhmle Cmnmsm Le``rls% Imhmo vmhlimsl lel ilplsmnjme adels jdhmole ime tle`jmt pdeililjme `rmid > ‒ =3% Sdhlmclhltms tds lel ilbmrl ide`me ode``uemjme odtkid cdhmn ium% Tetuj prlm ilpdrkhdn metmrm 7(00 ‒ 7(<2 ime uetuj wmeltm metmrm 7(>9 ‒ 7(<=%
n% Bmrm Wdocdrlme Rjkr
Rjkr nmeym ilcdrljme pmim cm`lme LL smam( cm`lme L tlimj ilsjkr .ilme``mp sdcm`ml hmtlnme,% Rjkr tktmh lmhmn auohmn skmh yme` iljdramjme ide`me cdemr% l%
Ekrom
Ekrom ilcumt cdrimsmrjme elhml prdsdetlh% Il Clrk Jkesuhtmsl Fmjuhtms Wsljkhk`l T@O mim ium ombmo ekrom ymltu 1 ekrom mshl ime ekrom nmslh mimptmsl% Ekrom nmslh mimptmsl lel jnusus uetuj slswm jdhms LLL ROM cmlj hmjl ‒ hmjl omupue pdrdopume ime ilcumt cdrimsmrjme 4 jmtd`krl imrl cmlj sdjmhl smopml ide`me jurme` sdjmhl% a%
Bmtmtme
Jdslopuhme imrl pdedhltlme yme` pdremn ilhmjujme odeydcutje cmnwm odrdjm yme` tdhmn cdrnmslh imhmo cdcdrmpm pdjdramme tdreymtm tlimj ododrhujme sjkr yme` tle``l uetuj tds lel( msmhjme cdcdrpm suc tds hmle imrl IMY odeimpmtjme sjkr tle``l% Olsmheym uetuj smhdsome austru sjkr tds lel yme` tdrdeimn( sdime`jme uetuj cusledss miolelstrmtlke sjkr tds lel iloletm tle``l% Wdedhltlme il Fmjuhtms Wsljkhk`l T@O tdetme` tds lel tmopmjeym cdhuo cd`ltu cmeymj% Rmtu pdedhltlme yme` pdremn ilhmjujme Cuetrme .<03 ‒ Rjrlpsl, odebmrl nucue`me metmrm tds bdpmt tdhltl .ime au`m cdcdrpm tds hmle, ide`me prdstmsl jdram jmrymwme cm`lme rmaut ime flelsnle` il smhmn smtu pdrusmnmme ‘wl`‟ il \k`yjmrtm% Nmslh imrl pdedhltlme
lel odeueaujjme mim nucue`me yme` sl`elfljme metmrm sjkr tds bdpmt tdhltl ide`me prdstmsl jdram jmrymwme il ium adels pdjdramme tdrsdcut%
3% @dedrmh Mptltuid Ydst Cmttdry .@MYC,
Yds lel ilblptmjme khdn Bnmrhds D% Kidhh( yme` il`uemjme pmim jkesdhle` pdjdramme il Rtmtds Dophkyodet Rdrvlbd Kfflbd% Mptltuid yme` ilue`jmp @MYC mimhmn 1 m% Mptltuid @ 1 Letdhd`debd
Odrupmjme tds jdomopume jdomopume cdhmamr sdbmrm uouo( uouo( ymltu jdomopume uetuj odeme`jmp ime ode`drtl prleslp/prleslp( odemhmr ime odocumt jdputusme% c% Mptltuid V 1 Vdrcmh Mptltuid
Odrupmjme tds uetuj ode`drtl mrtl cdcdrmpm jmtm ime ododpdr`uemjmeeym sdbmrm dfdjtlf( sdrtm uetuj ode`drtl cmnmsm sdbmrm jkoprdndeslf( ode`drtl nucue`me metmr jmtm ime ode`drtl mrtl jdsdhurunme pmrm`rmpn ime jmhlomt%
b%
Mptltuid E 1 Eudodrlbmh Mptltlid
Odrupmjme jdomopume uetuj ode`kpdrmsljme me`jm/me`jm sdbmrm bdpmt ime tdpmt% i% Mptltuid R 1 Rpmtlmh
Odrupmjme jdomopume cdrpljlr sdbmrm vlsumh pmim cdetuj `dkodtrls ime uetuj odeme`jmp kcadj 2 ilodesl( sdrtm ode`le`mt nucue`me imrl `drmjme kcadj imhmo smtu rume`% d% Mptltuid W 1 Fkro pdrbdptlke
Odrupmjme jdomopume uetuj odhlnmt cm`lme/cm`lme imrl sumtu `mocmr( cdeim( ime `rmflj% Odocumt pdrcmeile`me ime pdocdimme sdbmrm vlsumh ime odhlnmt pdrcdimme yme` eymtm pmim cdetuj mtmu cmyme`me% f%
Mptltuid ] 1 Bhdrlbmh pdrbdptlke
Odrupmjme jdomopume uetuj ode`ue`jmp kcydj/kcydj me`jm ime nuruf( sdrtm jdomopume pdrsdpsl tdrnmimp jkoputmsl sdbmrm sdpletms% `% Mptltuid J 1 Oktkr bkkrilemtd
Odrupmjme jdomopume uetuj ode`jkkrilemsljme `drmjme/`drmjme kr`me omtm( amrl/amrl sdbmrm tdrmoplh ime tdhltl pmim `drmjme yme` bdpmt ime tdpmt% td pmt% n% Mptltuid F 1 Fle`dr idxtdrlty
Odrupmjme jdomopume `drmjme amrl adomrl1 odomelpuhmsl kcydj/kcydj jdblh ide`me amrl adomrl sdbmrm bdpmt ime tdhltl% l%
Mptltuid O 1 Omeumh idxtdrlty
Odrupmjme
jdomopume
uetuj
ode``drmjjme
tme`me
ide`me
ouimn ime
tdrmoplh% Jdomopume uetuj cdjdram ide`me tme`me imhmo odedopmtjme ime odoleimnjme sdsumtu% Mimpue Adels ‒ Adels imrl tds @MYC( ymltu sdcm`ml cdrljut cdr ljut 1 =% YDR STME@ CLIME@ m% Emom 1
Emom Mshl 1 Ynrdd ilodetlkemh Rpmbd + Emom Leikedslm 1 Yds Sume` Clime` Rdrl @MYC c% Cdetuj yme` tdrsdilm
Cdetuj tds yme` mim mimhmn sdjuopuhme skmh imhmo cuju tds% Ydrsdilm hdocmr amwmcme uetuj ode`dramjme% b%
Mspdj yme` ilujur
Yds lel ode`ujur jdomopume cdrfljlr sdbmrm vlsumh imrl cdetuj `dkodtrls odomnmol `mocmr imrl ium ilodesl uetuj odeamil cdetuj tl`m ilodesl% i% Rmalme
Yds lel impmt ilsmaljme sdbmrm leilvliumh omupue sdbmrm jhmsljmh d% Pmjtu pdeymalme
Yktmh wmjtu sdjltmr > odelt% Wdrleblme 1 2 odelt uetuj odocdrljme pdeadhmsme( ime 4 odelt uetuj ode`dramjme skmh% f%
Yuaume
Yds lel sdcm`ml sdrme`jmlme tds uetuj ode`ue`jmp letdhd`desl cdrsmom ide`me ium suc td s hmleeeym( ymltu 1 =% Yds Wdrcdeimnmrmme Jmtm .Vkbmcuhmry, 3% Yds Cdrnltue` Rkmh .Mrltnodtlb Sdmskele`, `% Vmhliltms ime Sdhlmclhltms Vmhliltms 1 Ide`me ode``uemjme jrltdrlm prdstmsl cdhmamr omjm tds lel odopdrkhdn jkdflslde
vmhliltms sdcdsmr 7(26< ide`me E ? =67( tdreymtm tds tdrsdcut vmhli ide`me tds = $ Sdhlmclhltms 1 Mimpue rdhlmclhltms tds lel tlimj cdrilrl sdeilrl( tdtmpl cdrsmom tds
Wdrcdeimnmrmme Jmtm ime ode`nltue` skmh ide`me smopdh yme` smom ide`me odebmrl vmhliltms ime ide`me bmrm tds/rd/tds ilpdrkhdn jkesdp% n% Bmrm Wdocdrlme Rjkr
Rjkr yme` ilpdrkhdn khdn sdkrme` tdstd mimhmn sdcm`ml pdeauohmnme imrl amwmcme yme` cdtuh%
l%
Ekrom
Ekrom yme` mim sdjmrme` lel mimhmn ekrom yme` mshl imrl @MYC( sdime`jme ekrom yme` ilsdsumljme cdhuo mim% Mimpue ekrom yme` mshl imrl @MYC cdrupm ode`ucmn sjkr odetmn odeamil sjkr yme` iljkevdrsljme% Amil cdrupm sjkr yme` cdrsjmhm% a%
Bmtmtme
Yds lel odrupmjme mimptmsl imrl sdrl tds @MYC( omjm uetuj pde``uemmeeym pdrhu ilmimjme pdedhltlme stmeimrlsmsl% Wdedhltlme yme` ilouhml imrl stmeimrlsmsl wmjtu( vmhliltms( rdhlmclhltms miolelstrmsl ime ekrom%
3% YDR ODOWDSRMOMJME ODOWDSRMOMJME WDSJMJMR m% Emom 1
Emom Mshl 1 Ykkh Omtbnle` + Emom Leikedslm Leikedslm 1 Yds Odopdrsmomjme Wdrjmjms( Wdrjmjms( Yds lel lel odrupmjme smtu suc tds imrl sdrme`jmlme tds @MYC @ MYC c% Cdetuj yme` tdrsdilm
Yds yme` mim mimhmn cdrupm cuju sdtdcmh idhmpme nmhmome ime hdocmr amwmcme% b%
R Mspdj yme` ilujur Yds lel ode`ujur mspdj jdomopume mtmu jdbdromtme imhmo
pde`momtme% Ydstl iloletm ode`momtl `mocmr skmh ime odebmrl pdrsmomme `mocmr il metmrm tl`m `mocmr hmle yme` cdetujeym smom nmeym cdrcdim imhmo bkrmj wmr emeym% i% Rmalme
Yds lel impmt ilsmaljme sdbmrm leilvliumh omupue sdbmrm jhmsljmh d% Pmjtu pdeymalme
Yktmh wmjtu sdjltmr < odelt% Wdrleblme 1 9 odelt uetuj odocdrljme pdeadhmsme( ime 4 odelt uetuj ode`dramjme skmh sdcmeymj 9< cutlr% f%
Yuaume
Cdrsmom ide`me suc tds yme` hmle( tds lel nmeym cdr`ueme uetuj ode`demh Wrkflh Cmjmt Rdsdkrme` ime ode`demh Wkhm Cmjmt Jdauaurme% `% Vmhliltms ime Sdhlmclhltms
Wdedhltlme ode`deml rdhlmclhltms ime vmhliltms tds lel cdhuo pdremn ilhmjujme( sdnle``m tlimj ilimpmtjme lefkromsl ode`deml jdmimme tds tdrsdcut% n% Bmrm Wdocdrlme Rjkr
Cdrimsmr pmim amwmcme yme` cdemr( omjm ilpdrkhdn elhmll yme` cdr`d rmj imrl 7 ‒ 9<% l%
Ekrom
Ekrom omsln cdrpd`me` pmim cuju mshl Omeumh @MYC% a%
Bmtmtme
=% Ode`le`mt pdeidjeym wmjtu uetuj ode`dramjme skmh( omjm ilsmrmejme clhm ode``uemjme tds lel jdpmim sucadj ilcdrl pde`drtlme sdadhms ‒ adhmseym sdcdhuo ode`dramjme skmh% 3% Jdoue`jleme cdsmr iljdouilme nmrl( cmnwm cmlj hdocmrme amwmcme ime bmrm sjkrle`eym ilhmjujme ide`me odsle( oue`jle sdjmhl tdramil cdim wmjtu yme` mjme odopde`mrunl elhml sdsdkrme` sucadj% Khdn jmrdem ltu( ilsmrmejme uetuj odedhltl hdcln hmeaut ode`deml jdoue`jleme lel%
2% YDR JDBDJMYME ADOMSL m% Emom 1
Emom Mshl 1 Fle`dr Idxtdrlty Ydst + Emom Leikedslm 1 Yds Jdbdjmtme Adomrl Yds lel odrupmjme smtu suc tds imrl sdrme`jmlme tds @MYC c% Cdetuj yme` tdrsdilm
Yds lel ilcumt cdrimsmrjme `mocmr yme` mim il cuju omeumh @MYC% Yds yme` mshl cmnmeeym imrl hk`mo sdoum( cdetujeym sd`l dopmt pmmeame` ide`me =77 hucme`( 47 cmut ime rle` pmim tlmp tlme`% Hucme` ltu ilcm`l ium cm`lme mtms ime cmwmn omsle` ‒ omsle` 47 hucme`% Mimpue omtdrl tds yme` mim il Fmjuhtms Wsljkhk`l T@O .ilcumt khdn Ruoltrm, ilcumt imrl mhuoleluo ime ilimhmoeym mim jmyueym% Cdetujeym pdrsd`l pmeame`( ide`me pmeame` 24
bo ime tdcmh = bo% Hucme` mim ium jdhkopkj yme` omsle` ‒ omsle` 47 hucme`( ime amrmj metmrm jdhkopkj hucme` cm`lme mtms ime jdhkopkj cmwmn =4 bo% Auohmn cmut sdcmeymj 47 cumn( rle` 04 cumn ime smtu tlme` uetuj tdopmt rle` yme` impmt ililrljme pmim hucme` yme` mim il slsl jlrl+jmeme tde`mn metmrm ium jdhkopkj hucme` ltu% Mhmt ‒ mhmt hmle yme` pdrhu mim uetuj tds lel yme` il`uemjme tdstdr mimhmn mhmt ‒ mhmt tuhls `mocmr amwmcme uetuj odebmtmt ime stkp wmtbn uetuj ode`ujur mtmu odedetujme wmjtueym% b%
Mspdj yme` ilujur
Yds Jdbmjmpme Adomrl ilomjsuijme uetuj ode`ujur jdbdpmtme tme`me ime amrl ‒ amrl leilvliu% \me` ilomjsui ide`me jdbdjmtme mimhmn odhlputl pde`drtlme tdetme` jkkrilemsl jdbdpmtme ime jdtdpmtme imrl `drmjme ‒ `drmjme tme`me ime amrl ‒ amrl leilvliu% Ide`me idoljlme tds lel tdromsuj Yds Wsljkoktkr yme` ode`ujur jdomopume jdbdjmtme amrl ‒ amrl jdium tme`me yme` odhlputl jkkilemsl( tdrmoplh ime bdpmt uetuj odopdrhmjujme cdeim ‒ cdeim jdblh ide`me amrl ‒ amrl% Rdsuml ide`me prleslp leilvliu ilffdrdebds jdbdjmtme adomrl leilvliu ltu mjme cdrcdim% i% Rmalme
Yds lel tdromsuj tds leilvliu jmrdem pdhmjsmemmeeym ilhmjujme sdbmrm leilvliu % Wmim tds Jdbdjmtme
Adomrl
lel
mim
ium
cm`lme
ymltu mssdochd .pdrmjltme,
ime ilsmssdochd .pdocke`jmrme,% Jmrdem ltu smalme tds .miolelstrmsleym, au`m mim ium ombmo% Rdcdhuo tds ilouhml uetuj jdium smalme lel jdpmim tdstd pdrhu ilcdljme bketkn khdn tdstdr% Jdhkopkj tdstl impmt tdrilrl imrl tdstl yme` tme`me jmeme mtmu tme`me jlrl .jlimh,% Khdn jmrdeme ltu omtdrl tds impmt ilsmaljme uetuj jdium ombmo jdhkopkj jd hkopkj tdrsdcut% d% Pmjtu pdeymalme
Pmjtu yme` il`uemjme uetuj odrmjlt rle` pmim cmut ime odoleimnjme .odomsujjme, jd hucme` pmpme mimhmn =37 idtlj% Rdime`jme uetuj pdocke`jmrme rle` ime cmuteym mimhmn <7 idtlj% f%
Yuaume
Rdsuml ide`me fmjtkr ‒ fmjtkr yme` ilue`jmp khdn tds lel omjm tuaume pde``uemme tds mimhmn uetuj ode`ujur cmjmt mtmu jdomopume jnusus jdbdjmtme adomrl leilvliu% `% Vmhliltms ime Sdhlmclhltms
Wdedhltlme ode`deml vmhliltms ime rdhlmclhltms Yds Jdbdjmtme Adomrl lel .il Fmjuhtms Wsljkhk`l T@O, ilhmjujme khdn Pmzmr Wuhue`me ime Ruoltrk Tetuj Pmzmr Wuhue`me ide`me ode`moclh smopdh pmim jmrymwme cm`lme pde`dhletle`me rkjkj il @kocke` ilnmslhjme vmhliltms 7(>62 ime rdhlmclhltmseym 7(>64% Rdime`jme Ruoltrk ode`moclh smopdh jmrymwme pdocue`jus jdocme` `uhm il \k`ymjmrtm ilnmslhjme vmhliltms 7(623 ime rdhlmclhltmseym 7(<62% Jdiumeym ode``uemjme vmhliltms djstdremh% n% Bmrm Wdocdrlme Rjkr
Bmrm odeydjkr tds pdrmjltme .mssdochd, mimhmn ide`me odebmtmt auohmn cmut ‒ cmut ime rle` yme` tdrpmsme` khdn tdstl% Amil tdstdr mjme ode`nltue` auohmn cmut ime rle` yme` ilomsujjme jd imhmo hucme` ilcm`lme cmwmn pmpme iltmocmn imrl auohmn cmut yme` amtun% Rdime`jme pmim pdocke`jmrme .ilsmssdochd, yme` ilpdrhu ilbmtmt mimhmn auohmn cmut yme` suimn ilcke`jmr uetuj ilpmsme` il pmpme mtms ime auohmn rle` yme` ilomsujjme jdocmhl il tlme`% l%
Ekrom
Ode`deml ekrom imhmo nmh lel impmt ilsmaljme ium ombmo ymltu .M,% Ekrom mshl ime .C, Ekrom mimptmsl%.M, Ekrom Mshl .ilmoclh imrl @MYC( C/=773( nmh ==2 ‒ ==9, =% Mssdochd .Wdrmjltme, 3%
Ilsmssdochd .Wdocke`jmrme,
.C, Ekrom Mimptmsl .ilmoclh imrl pdedhltlme Ruoltrk, Ekrom yme` y me` ilcumt Ruoltrk ode``uemjme smopdh wmeltm% Imhmo nmh lel suc tds pdrmjltme . mssdochd, ime pdocke`jmrme .ilsmssdochd, ilamiljme smtu ide`me mhmsme jdium suc tds ode`ujur mspdj yme` smom . fle`dr idxtdrlty,
a%
Bmtmtme
=% Yds lel sme`mt bkkbkj uetuj pdjdramme yme` odocutunjme jdomopume psljkoktkr ymltu jkkrilemsl jdbdjmtme adomrl( olsmheym 1 pdjdramme odhletle` rkjkj( pdrode( odomsmj( odrmjlt jkopkede ‒ jkopkede imhmo clime` odjmelj( ime sdombmoeym 3% Wdrhu ilhmjujme pdedhltlme uhme` tdrutmom vmrlmcdh uour pdrhu ilomsujjme sdnucue`me ide`me jdomopume psljkoktkr tdrsdcut 2% Wdrhu au`m stmeimrlsmsl ilhmjujme uetuj smopdh adels jdhmole hmjl ‒ hmjl 9% Mhmt tds lel cdr`uem cm`l bmhke jmrymwme yme` cdhuo tdrhmtln sdcmc fmjtkr hmtlnme odolhljl pdrmeme yme` sme`mt cdsmr 4% Mim jdoue`jleme tds leilvliumh lel impmt ilhmjujme sdbmrm jhmsljmh%
2% Fmhmem`me Mptltuid Bhmslflbmtlke Ydst .FMBY,
Yds lel ilsusue khdn A%B% Fhmem`me( sdkrme` prkfdskr psljkhk`l pmim uelvdrsltms Wlttscur`n ime ilrdjtur Modrlbme Lestltutd fkr Sdmsdmbn% Yds lel ilcumt sdcm`ml usmnm ueutj odeimpmtjme sumtu systdo jhmslfljmsl cmju imhmo pdedtume cmjmt ime jdomopume imsmr sdsdkrme` pmim tu`ms/tu`ms tdrtdetu% Yds lel il`uemjme sdcm`ml mhmt Cmetu uetuj odoprdiljsl jdcdrnmslhme jdram ime pdrdebmemme prk`rmo hmtlnme imhmo rme`jm jkesdhle` pdjdramme ime sdcm`ml mhmt sdhdjsl ime pdedopmtme jmrymwme% Yds lel tdrcm`l odeamil =9 tds( ymltu 1
=% Lespdbtlke
3% Bkile`
2% Odokry
9% Wrdblslske
4% Mssdochy
6% Rbmhds
0% Bkkrilemtlke
>% Aui`dode mei Bkoprdndeslke
<% Mrltnomtlb
=7% Wmttdres
==%Bkopkedets
=3% Ymchds
=2% Odbnmelbs
=9% Dxprdsslke
=% YDR JKID IME LE@MYME .Bkile` & Odokry, m% Emom 1 Emom Mshl 1 Bkile`( odrupmjme suc tds jdium imrl FMBY + Odokry( odrupmjme suc tds
jdtl`m imrl FMBY + Emom Leikedslm 1 Jkid .Rmeil, ime Le`mtme% c% Cdetuj yme` tdrsdilm
Jdrtms ide`me cmnme tdrbdtmj% Ydrsdilm hdocmr amwmcme% a mwmcme% b%
Mspdj yme` ilujur
=% Jkid .mtmu Rmeil, 1 Jdbdpmtme ime jdbdromtme odeymeil lefkromsl jmetkr 3% Le`mtme 1 Jdcdrnmslhme odopdhmamrl ime ode`le`mt smeil ‒ smeil imhmo FMBY 3 ymltu jdomopume ode`nmfmhjme cmnme ‒ cmnme tdrbdtmj i% Rmalme
Impmt sdbmrm leilvliumh omupue jhmsljmh d% Pmjtu pdeymalme =% Rmeil 1 Wdtueauj / 37 odelt% Wde`dramme ‒ =7 odelt% Pmjtu Yktmh ‒ 27 odelt% 3% Le`mtme 1 Wdtueauj ‒ = odelt% Wde`dramme ‒ 9 odelt% Pmjtu Yktmh ‒ 4 odelt% f%
Yuaume
Rdcm`ml cm`lme imrl FMBY( tds lel cdrtuaume 1
=% Imhmo jkesdhle` pdjdramme sdcm`ml mhmt cmetu `uem odoprdiljsl jdcdrnmslhme jdram cdrimsmrjme jdomopume jnusus . mptltuid, ime sdcm`ml pdtueauj imhmo pddebmemme prk`rmo pdhmamrme sdjkhmn yme` bkbkj% 3% Impmt il`uemjme imhmo sdhdjsl ime pdedopmtme pd edopmtme jmrymwme% `% Vmhliltms ime Sdhlmclhltms
Cdhuo tdrimpmt lefkromsl yme` impmt ilamiljme pd`me`me% n% Bmrm Wdocdrlme Rjkr =% Rmeil 1 Rjkr auohmn yme` cdemr% Auohmn sjkr tdrtle``l yme` oue`jle =47% 3% Le`mtme 1 Rjkr auohmn amwmcme yme` cdemr% Auohmn sjkr tdrtle``l yme` oue`jle 34 l%
Ekrom
Yds Rmeil ime Yds Le`mtme mimhmn ium suc tds imrl cmtdrd FMBY% Ekrom uetuj Leikedslm sdamun lel cdhuo iltd`mjjme sdbmrm adhms% Ekrom mshl yme` mim ilsusue cdrimsmrjme stmolem imrl sdelkr il Wlttscur`n Wuchlb Nl`n Nl`n Rbnkkh% Jnusus tds odeymeil ilme``mp sjkr pdrfkromebd slswm sdelkr
pdetle` imhmo jdsujsdsme jdram sdcm`ml mjuetme ime jhdrj% Yds Le`mtme pdetle` cm`l pdjdramme sdpdrtl1 mjuetme( cusledss( jhdrj prkfdsskr nuomels( mnhl nujuo( pdrmwmt( ikjtdr( smhds pdrske( ime wmltdr% Letdrprdtmsl sjkr nmrus ilhlnmt imhmo jketdseym ide`me suc tds hmle sdbmrm jdsdhurunme cdrimsmrjme sumtu prkflhd% Ekrom letdrprdtmsl mim imhmo cdetuj mshl( emoue nmrus ille`mt cmnwm adels pdjdramme yme` iljdoujmjme imhmo ekrom tdrsdcut( sdhmle tdrcmtms auohmneym( au`m tlimj sdhmhu sdsuml ide`me idsjrlpsl pdjdramme pdjdramme sdadels yme` mim il Leikedslm% a%
Bmtmtme
Yds lel odrupmjme sumtu cmtdrrd% Ruc Yds Rmeil ime Le`mtme ndeimjeym tlimj ilpmjml sdcm`ml tds yme` cdrilrl sdeilrl% Imhmo ode`letdrprdstmsljme sjkr tds nmrushmn ille`mt cmnwm ekrom yme` jnusus cumt Leikedslm cdhuo mim% Jdwmspmimme au`m pdrhu ilutmomjme imhmo ode`letdrprdtmsljme adels pdjdramme yme` bkbkj yme` ilue`jmp khdn tds lel jmrdem jkeilsl ime pdrsymrmtme jdram yme` oue`jle cdrcdim il Leikedslm ilcmeile`jme pdjdramme ‒ pdjdrammme il humr ed`drl
3% YDR ODSMJLY KCADJ m% Emom 1
Emom Mshl 1 Mssdochy( suc tds jd 4 imrl FMBY Emom Leikedslm 1 Yds Odrmjlt Kcadj( ide`me jkid B= c% Cdetuj yme` tdrsdilm
Yds yme` tdrsdilm cdrcdetuj cuju bdtmjme yme` ode`meiue` 37 skmh tdromsuj bketkn ode`dramjme% Ydrsdilm hdocmr amwmcme uetuj ode`dramjme b%
Mspdj yme` ilujur
Yds Odrmjlt Kcadj ode`ujur jdomopume uetuj ode`demh( ode`dtmnul ime odocmyme`jme cdetuj sumtu kcadj yme` ilsusue imrl cm`lme ‒ cm`lme tdrtdetu yme` tdrplsmn i% Rmalme
Yds lel impmt ilsmaljme sdbmrm leilvliumh omupue sdbmrm jhmsljmh% Imhmo nmh tdstle` sdbmrm jhmsljmh omjm nmrus ilusmnmjme sdtlmp krme` tdstdr odeme`mel omjslomh 34 tdstl% d% Pmjtu pdeymalme
Yktmh wmjtu sdjltmr => odelt% Wdrleblme 1 uetuj odocdrl pd tueauj 1 6 odelt( uetuj ode`dramjme cm`lme L 1 6 odelt( uetuj ode`dramjme ode`dra mjme cm`lme LL 1 6 odelt f%
Yuaume
Cdrsmomme ide`me suc tds yme` hmle imrl FMBY omjm Yds Odrmjlt Kcadj lel cdr`uem uetuj odoprdiljsl ode`deml cmjmt ime jdomopume sdsdkrme` uetuj odrmomhjme jdcdrnmslhme jdram pmim cdrcm`ml clime` tu`ms% `% Vmhliltms ime Sdhlmclhltms
Rdamun lel cdhuo iltdoujme pdedhltlme yme` odebkcm ode`ue`jmp vmhliltms ime rdhlmclhltms Yds Odrmjlt Kcadj%
n% Bmrm Wdocdrlme Rjkr
Rjkr ilimsmrjme pmim amwmcme yme` cdemr% Rjkr tdrtle``l yme` oue`jle ilbmpml mimhmn 37% Clhmomem tdrimpmt ium tmeim slhme` .tmeim plhlnme amwmcme, omjm ekokr skmh yme` cdrsme`jutme ilelhml ekh% l%
Ekrom
Ekrom yme` cmju uetuj ilpdrhmjujme il Leikedslm uetuj Yds Odrmjlt Kcadj omsln nmrus ilhmjujme% a%
Bmtmtme
Ode`le`mt pdrjdocme`me leiustrl il Leikedslm sdcdemreym tdpmt sdjmhl clhm Yds Odrmjlt Kcadj lel iljdocme`jme% Rdnle``m uetuj ltu pdrhu ilmimjme pdedhltlme yme` hums ode`deml vmhliltms( v mhliltms( rdhlmclhltms( sdjmhl`us pdocmmjume ekrom
2% YDR RJMHM IME @SMFLJ m% Emom 1
Emom Mshl 1 Rbmhd( odrupjme suc tds imrl tds cmtdrrd cmtdr rd FMBY + Emom Leikedslm 1 Yds Rjmhm ime @rmflj ( tds lel ilsdcut au`m ide`me jkid 1 B> c% Cdetuj yme` tdrsdilm
Yds yme` tdrsdilm cdrcdetuj cuju bdtmjme( dilsl pdrtmom pdr tmom tmnue =<02 ime bdtmjme jdium tmnue =<>3% Ydrsdilm hdocmr amwmcme uetuj ode`dramjme b%
Mspdj yme` ilujur
Yds Rjmhm ime @rmflj lel ode`ujur jdbdpmtme ime jdtdpmtme imhmo odocmbm sjmhm( `rmflj ime pdtm% Bketkn yme` ilmoclh uetuj odeyusue tds lel cdrupm cdetuj ‒ cdetuj yme` clmsm tdrimpmt pmim clime` pdrodsleme ime clime` tdjelj pmim uouoeym% Odeurut Fhmem`me( Yds Rjmhm ime @rmflj lel ilpdrhujme uetuj impmt odhlnmt ‘Brdtlbmh Fmbt Dhdodets cm`l 1
=% Clkhk`lbmh Rbldetlst
3% Omtndomtlblme
2% Bndolst
9% Eursd
4% Bhdrj
6% Wnyslblme
0% Irfmtsome
>% Wnyslblst
<% De`leddr
=7% Wlhkt Mlrphmed
i% Rmalme
Yds lel clmsm ilsmaljme cmlj sdbmrm leilvliumh omupue sdbmrm jhmsljmh% Tetuj impmt odeam`m jdtdrtlcme pdeydhde``mrmme tds sdbmrm jhmsljmh( ilcutunjme sdkrme` pdocmetu pde`mwms uetuj sdtlmp 34 tdstl% Wdocmetu pde`mwms cdrtu`ms odcm`ljme ime ode`uopuhjme jdocmhl tds ime amwmcmeeym ime odeam`m m`mr ame`me smopml tdstl ouhml hdcln imnuhu imrl yme` hmle( mtmu clhm mim tds yme` hmle cmlj yme` suimn mtmu yme` cdhuo illestrujsljme d% Pmjtu pdeymalme
Pmjtu yme` ilcutunjme uetuj pdeymalme tds Rjmhm ime @rmflj yme` tdrilrl imrl tl`m cm`lme lel( sdcm`ml cdrljut 1 Jmime` ‒ jmime` pdtueauj sujmr uetuj impmt ilpmstljme cmtms wmjtueym jmrdem jdoue`jleme tlocuheym pdrtmeymme imrl tdstl uetuj odoletm pdeadhmsme % Rdime` cmtms wmjtu pde`dramme skmh hmtlnme ime pde`dramme skmh tds odome` nmrus sdsuml ide`me mpm yme` suimn iltdetujme f%
Yuaume
Wde``uemme tds lel iltuaujme uetuj impmt odedetujme mtmu ode`ujur cmjmt mtmu jdomopume odocmbm sjmhm( `rmflj ime pdtm% Wmim uouoeym tds Rjmhm ime @rmflj il`uemjme sdcm`ml smhmn smtu jkopkede imrl sumtu cmtdrd tds uetuj odeidtdjsl cmjmt sdsdkrme`% `% Vmhliltms ime Sdhlmclhltms
Wdeymalme vmhliltms ime rdhlmclhltms tds Rjmhm ime @rmflj lel cdhuo pdremn ilhmjujme n% Bmrm Wdocdrlme Rjkr
Rjkr sdsdkrme` uetuj tds Rjhm ime @rmflj ilpdrkhdn ide`me bmrm ode`urme`l amwmcme cdtuh ide`me amwmcme smhmn% Rjkr omjslomh mimhmn =37% Rjkr yme` ilpdrkhdn jdouilme iljkevdrsljme jd imhmo elhml stmeled% Imrl sjkr ‒ sjkr stmeled uetuj omsle` ‒ omsle` jkopkede tds sumtu cmtdrd mjme ilpdrkhdn sumtu amwmcme sjkr stmeled ltu jd imhmo sjkr stmeled kjupkslkemh% Elhml
lelhmn yme` illetdrprdtmsljme mpmjmn sdsdkrme` cdrcmjmt imhmo clime` jdmnhlme tdrtdetu mtmu tlimj% Amil sdcdtuheym elhml mtmu sjkr tds Rjmhm ime @rmflj lel cmru clsm il`uemjme mpmclhm iljkoclemsljme ide`me tds hmle yme` mjme odrupmjme sumtu cmtdrd tds yme` bkbkj uetuj odhlnmt cmjmt imhmo clime` jdmnhlme tdrtdetu sdpdrtl yme` iljdoujmjme khdn Fhmem`me% Lelpue ododrhujme sumtu ekrom uetuj impmt odedetujme mpmjmn sumtu sjkr flemh tdromsuj sme`mt tle``l( tle``l( sdime`( jurme`( mtmu sme`mt jurme` cm`l sumtu jdmnhlme cm`mle tdrtdetu l%
Ekrom
Ekrom yme` ilimpmtl cdhuo mim% Khdn jmrdem ltu( ekrom ym` clmsm il`uemjme sdodetmrm lel mimhmn ekrom mshleym yme` mim pmim cuju% Letdrprdtle` Ydst Rbkrds yme` odrupmjme smhmn smtu rme`jmlme FMBY% a%
Bmtmtme
Ode`le`mt pdetle`eym mrtl stmeimrlsmsl sumtu tds mpmclhm oue`jle sdbdpteym pdrhu ilhmjujme ual vmhliltms( rdhlmclhltms ime pdocmjume ekrom cm`l tds yme` tdhmn mim il Fmjuhtms Wsljkhk`l T@O( tdromsuj au`m tds Rjmhm ime @rmflj lel% Omsmhmn hmle yme` pdrhu iljdoujmjme mimhmn pde`dhkopkjme akc ime memhlsls( dhdode ‒ dhdode akc ltu yme` mpmclhm hme`sue` iltdrmpjme il Leikedslm oue`jle tlimj bkbkj Fhmem`me cdrpdeimpmt cmnwm Yds Rjmhm ime @rmflj pdrhu ilpmsme` nmeym pmim sdpuhun akc% Lel pdrhu iljmal ime ilual jdbkbkjmeeym ide`me adels pdjdramme yme` mim il Leikedslm
9% YDR WDOMNMOME
m% Emom Bkoprdndeslke( odrupmjme suc tds jd > imrl FMBY Emom Mshl 1 Aui`odet mei Bkoprdndeslke( F MBY Rbmhd( odrupjme
suc tds imrl tds cmtdrrd FMBY + Emom Leikedslm 1 Yds Wdomnmome( ide`me jkid hmle M=% c% Cdetuj yme` tdrsdilm m%
Bdtmjme L tmnue =<02%
Rdcumn cuju il imhmoeym tdrbdtmj skmh 97 skmh yme` nmrus iljdra mjme sucadj% Wmim cuju lel skmh ekokr = ime ekokr 3 tdhmn iltueaujjme juebl amwmcmeeym% amwmcmeeym% Hdocmr amwmcme yme` tdhmn tdrbdtmj juebl ekokr = ime 3% c%
Bdtmjme LL tmnue =<>3%
Rdcumn cuju il imhmoeym tdrbdtmj 97 skmh yme` nmrus ilsdhdsmljme% Wmim bdtmjme yme` cmru lel skmh ekokr = ime 3 tlimj iltueaujjme juebl amwmcmeeymt% Yds yme` tdrsdilm cdrcdetuj cuju bdtmjme( dilsl pdrtmom tmnue =<02 ime bdtmjme bd tmjme jdium tmnue =<>3% Ydrsdilm hdocmr amwmcme uetuj ode`dramjme% b%
Mspdj yme` ilujur
Yds lel ode`ujur jdomopume odocmbm ime odomnmol uetuj odhlnmt mhmsme yme` hk`ls sdrtm ode`moclh jdputusme ide`me odeme`jmp omjem imrl sumtu sltumsl yme` prmjtls% i% Rmalme Yds lel impmt ilsmaljme sdbmrm leilvliumh omupue jdhkopkj% d% Pmjtu pdeymalme Yktmh wmjtu 97 odelt% Wdrleblme 1 / wmjtu wmj tu uetuj pdocdrlme pdtueauj 4 odelt( wmjtu uetuj ode`dramjme skmh 24 odelt% f%
Yuaume
Cdrsmom ide`me suc tds yme` hmle omjm mhmt lel cdr`uem uetuj odoprdiljsl jdcdrnmslhme sdsdkrme` il imhmo pdjdrammeeym cdrimsmrjme cmjmt yme` ilolhljleym% `% Vmhliltms ime Sdhlmclhltms Rdamun lel cdhuo iltdoujmjme pdedhltlme yme` ode`ue`jmp ode`deml vmhliltms ime rdhlmclhltms tds Wdomnmome lel% n% Bmrm Wdocdrlme Rjkr Rjkr sucadj odrupmjme auohmn imrl amwmcme yme` cdemr sdsuml ide`me juebl amwmcme% l%
Ekrom
Ekrom omsln cdrpd`me` pmim ekrom mshl%
a%
Bmtmtme
Tetuj sucadj yme` pdeililjmeeym ilme``mp bujup( RHYW jd mtms( omjm sdyk`lmeym iloletm uetuj ode`dramjme sdeilrl imhmo mrtlme odocmbm ime odolhln amwmcme yme` cdemr( tdstdr tlimj pdrhu odocmbmjme cm`lme idol cm`lme% 4% YDR ODE@TYLW
m% Emom Emom Mshl 1 Wmtdre( cmtdrd jd =7 FMBY + Emom Leikedslm 1 Yds Ode`utlp .C9,% c% Cdetuj yme` tdrsdilm Ydrilrl mtms ium cm`lme( ymltu cm`lme L ide`me => ombmo pkhm ime cm`lme LL ide`me =3 ombmo pkhm% Cm`lme L ime LL odoumt pkhm ‒ pkhm yme` tmrmf jdsuhltmeeym sdomjle odele`jmt sdcmc sdomjle cmeymj mspdj ‒ mspdj odetmhltms yme` mjme ilpdrhujme tdstl imhmo odeydhdsmljme tu`ms tdrsdcut% Il smople` odoumt ium cm`lme pkhm yme` mjme iltlru khdn tdstl au`m pmim nmhmome pdrtmeymme ilauopml cdcdrmpm pdtueauj ode`dramjmeeym% ode`dr amjmeeym% b%
Mspdj yme` ilujur
Yds lel ilomjsuijme uetuj ode`ujur jdomopume sdsdkrme` imhmo odoprkiujsl kuthled imrl pkhm ‒ pkhm yme` sdidrnmem ide`me bmrm tdpmt mjurmt i% Rmalme Yds Ode`utlp lel impmt ilsmaljme sdbmrm leilvliumh leilvliumh omupue jhmsljmh% Omsle` Omsle` ‒ omsle` leilvliu imhmo jhmsljmh ilcdrljme sdcumn cuju tds ime sdcdhuo ode`dramjmeeym tdrhdcln imnuhu odeimpmtjme pdeadhmsme yme` sdbujupeym imrl pdeydhde``mrm+pdhmjsmem pd eydhde``mrm+pdhmjsmem d% Pmjtu pdeymalme Yktmh Ode`utlp lel ilsdilmjme wmjtu ode`dramjmeeym sdhmom 37 odelt( ymltu =7 odelt uetuj ode`dramjme cm`lm L( ime =7 odelt uetuj ode`dramjme cm`lme LL f%
Yuaume
Yds lel cdr`uem uetuj odhlnmt jdomopume sdsdkrme` imhmo clime` odrmebme` idsl`e( mrsltdj( pdrmebme` okid( clime` pdrljhmeme( jdouilme imhmo iuelm odilm omssm cmlj odilm bdtmj omupue odilm dhdjtrkelj% Ilsmople` ltu au`m uetuj odhlnmt jdomopume sdsdkrme` odocmbm chudprlet ime ilm`rmo ‒ ilm`rmo tdjelj sjdtsm ‒ sjdtsm `% Vmhliltms ime Sdhlmclhltms Rdamun lel cdhuo iltdoujmjme pdedhltlme yme` ode`ue`jmp ode`deml vmhliltms ime rdhlmclhltms yme` odeyme`jut adels tds lel n% Bmrm Wdocdrlme Rjkr Elhml ium ilcdrljme uetuj tlmp ‒ tlmp pde`utlpme pkhm yme` iljdramjme sdbmrm tdpmt td pmt .cdemr,% Rumtu fl`ur mimhmn cdemr aljm sdoum `mrls pdelrume yme` ilhmjujme mimhmn tdpmt sdpdrtl fl`ur imrl pkhm yme` tdr`mocmr% Elhml smtu ilcdrljme jdpmim pde`utlpme pkhm yme` mim pdeylopme`meeym sdiljlt( tdtmpl tlimj hdcln imrl smtu chkj imrl pkhm yme` cdemr% Elhml ekh ilcdrljme jdpmim pde`utlpme pkhm yme` smhmn( jmrdem tlimj mim sdiljltpue uesur jdolrlpmeeym ide`me pkhm msmh ye` ilamiljme kcadj pdelrume .pde`utlpme,% Rjkr tdstl mimhmn pdeauohmnme imrl omsle` ‒ omsle` sjkr yme` ilsdhdsmljme% l%
Ekrom
Imrl pdedhltlme yme` ilhmjujme Fhmem`me cdrsmom mslstde ‒ mslstdeeym( tdreymtm FMBY odopueyml nmslh yme` bujup `dolhme`( tdrutmom imhmo jdomopue prdiljtlfeym tdrnmimp cdrcm`ml jhmslfljmsl pdjdramme yme` mim .jnususeym il Modrljm, a%
Bmtmtme
Wdeymalme tds ode`utlp lel ndeimjeym sme`mt odopdrnmtljme wmjtu pdeymalmeeym( sdcmc fmjtkr wmjtu pde`dramme skmh odrupmjme nmh yme` sme`mt ilpdetle`jme imhmo pdelhmlme .sbkrle`,% Ilsmople` ltu omsmhmn pdocdrlme pdeadhmsme mtmu lestrujsl cdemr ‒ cdemr adhms sdnle``m tlimj odelocuhjme jdsmhmnpmnmome tdstl imhmo ode`dramjme tds% Jmrdem jkesdetrmsl tdstl tdrnmimp lefkromsl yme` ilcdrljme sme`mt pdetle` mrtleym cm`l jdomopue imym tme`jmp tdstl( omjm jdhms yme` tdrhmhu cdsmr mtmu tdstl yme` tdrhmhu cmeymj pdrhu ilnleimrjme% Wdeadhmsme tdetme` cm`mlomem bmrmeym ode`dramjme cm`lme LL olsmheym nmrus cdemr ‒ cdemr impmt ilpmnmol tdstl sdbmrm cmlj( sdnle``m tlimj tdramil jdsmhmnme ode`dramjmeeym( olsmh 1 tdstl ode`ramjme ide`me bmrm yme` smom skmh ‒ skmh pmim cm`lme L
6% YDR JKOWKEDE
m% Emom Emom Mshl 1 Bkopkedet% + Emom Leikedslm 1 Yds Jkopkede( odrupmjme tds jd == imrl cmtdrd tds FMBY% Au`m iljdemh ide`me jkid B3 c% Cdetuj yme` tdrsdilm Cdrupm cuju bdtmjme ilsdrtml ide`me hdocmr amwmcme yme` tdrplsmn%% b%
Mspdj yme` ilujur
Yds Jkopkede ode`ujur jdomopume ode`lidetlfljmsljme jkopkede ‒ jkopkede ye` pdetle` i% Rmalme Yds Jkopkede impmt ilsmaljme sdbmrm leilvliumh( ime au`m sdbmrm jhmsljmh% Imhmo nmh pdeymalme sdbmrm jhmsljmh ilsmrmejme sdtlmp sdkrme` tdstdr odeme`mel omjslomh 34 td stl d% Pmjtu pdeymalme Yktmh wmjtu 39 odelt% Wdrleblme 1 / odocmbm o docmbm pdtueauj 9 odelt( ode`dramjme skmh 37 odelt f%
Yuaume
Cdrsmom ide`me suc tds yme` yme` hmleeym imrl FMBY( omjm tds lel cdr`uem uetuj uetuj jdpdrhume jkesdhle` pdjdramme ymltu uetuj odoprdiljsl jdsujsdsme jdram cdrimsmr cmjmt% Yuaume yme` hmle lmhmn sdhdjsl ime pdedopmtme pd`mwml `% Vmhliltms ime Sdhlmclhltms Rdamun lel cdhuo iltdoujmjme iltdoujmjme pdedhltlme yme` ode`ue`jmp ode`ue`jmp cdrjdemme ide`me vmhliltms ime rdhlmclhltms tds Jkopkede% n% Bmrm Wdocdrlme Rjkr Rjkr sdsdkre` mimhmn amwmcme yme` iljdramjme cdtuh ide`me juebl% Rjkr omjslomh yme` oue`jle 97 cumn% l%
Ekrom
Rdaun lel ekrom omsln cdrpd`me` pmim ekrom mshl imrl cuju Omeumh FMBY% a%
Bmtmtme
Clhm oe``uemjme tds Jkopkee( uetuj sdsumtu jdpdrhume ime auohmn tdstl tdr`khke` cdsmr( omjm ekrom impmt ilmoclhjme imrl ekrom jdhkopkj yme` cdrsme`jutme% Rdhmeauteym ode`deml vmhliltms ime rdhlmclhlts emopmjeym pdrhu ilmimjme pdehltlme( clhm td s lel mjme iljdocme`jme il Leikedslm% 0% YDR YMCDH
m% Emom Emom Mshl 1 Ymchds% + Emom Leikedslm 1 Ymcdh ‒ tmchd .I2,% c% Cdetuj yme` tdrsdilm Hdocmrme jdrtms% Auohmn jdrtms jdrtms mim hdocmr( 9 nmhmome% Nmhmome pdrtmom ime jdtl`m cdrlsl cdrlsl pdtueauj ime bketkn pde`dramme skmh% Nmhmome jdium ime jdopmt cdrlsl tmcdh mbume uetuj ode`dramjme skmh b%
Mspdj yme` ilujur
Jdomopume odocmbm tmcdh% Imhmo nmh lel mim ium ombmo tmcdh( ymltu 1=%Ymcdh yme` tdrilrl me`jm ‒ me`jm 3%Ymcdh yme` tdrilrl mtms jmt mime nuruf mhfmcdt i% Rmalme Yds lel impmt ilsmaljme sdbmrm leilvliumh omupue jhmsljmh% d% Pmjtu pdeymalme Wdtueauj sdhmom 4 odelt( wmjtu tdstle` 1 uetuj cm`lme L ? 4 odelt( uetuj cm`lme LL ? 4 odelt f%
Yuaume
Rdcm`ml lefkromsl mtmu cmnme pdrtlocme`me imhmo pdrskeedh sdhdbtlke mtmu vkbmtlkemh `ulimebd tdrutmom uetuj cdcdrmpm adels pdjdramme sdpdrtl 1 sdjrdtmrls( stdek`rmpndr( mjuetme( typdst( ime hmle ‒ hmle% `% Vmhliltms ime Sdhlmclhltms Imrl pdedhltlme yme` ilhmjujme Ounmoomi Ynmydc Omerlnu .<69, ilpdrkhdn leidjs vmhlimsl sdcdsmr 7(6< ime leidjs rdhlmclhltms sdcdsmr 7(>>4( imrl smopdh sdcmeymj =>7 ime wmjtu pdeymalme 4 odelt uetuj cm`lme pdrtmom( ime 9 odelt uetuj cm`lme jdium%
n% Bmrm Wdocdrlme Rjkr Amwmcme yme` cdtuh iljurme`l amwmcme yme` smhmn% Omjslouo sjkr =37% l%
Ekrom
Imrl cdcdrmpm imtm yme` ilpdrkhdn imrl cdcdrmpm pdedhltlme ilimpmtjme ekrom ‒ ekrom sdcm`ml cdrljut% Auohmn smopdh Yle`jmt pdeililjme Rtmtus pdjdramme Ylod hlolt a%
=>7 krme` RHYM JHR= WDHMAMS < ODELY
93 krme` RHYM HTHTR JTSRTR ATS%MIO+JDT
YLIMJ ILRDCTY
<6 krme` ROJ JHR3 WDHMAMS > ODELY
Bmtmtme
Imhmo tds lel yme` pdrhu odeimpmt pdrnmtlme imrl pmrm tdstdr( lmhmn omsmhmn wmjtu pdeymalme tds% Yds nmrus ilsmaljme sdsuml ide`me pdtueauj yme` mim imhmo cuju omeumh FMBY mshl% >% YDR TE@JMWME
m% Emom Emom Mshl 1 Dxprdsslke( yme` odrupmjme suc tds imrl ‘Ynd Fhmem`me‟ Bhsslflbmtlke Ydst .FMBY, + Emom Leikedslm 1 Yds Te`jmpme .M6, c% Cdetuj yme` tdrsdilm Cdetuj imrl tds ue`jmpme yme` tdrsdilm il Fmjuhtms Wsljkhk`l T@O nmeym smtu% Omtdrl tds lel tdrilrl imrl sdcumn cuju skmh% Mim =< cumn skmh( tlpd skmh tdrilrl imrl 2 pdrtmeymme yme` cmlj ime smtu pdrtmeymme yme` ilme``mp adhdj pmim tlmp ‒ tlmp skmh% .ilsdilmjme hdocmr amwmcme, b%
Mspdj yme` ilujur
Yds lel ode`ujur pdrmsmme ime pde`dtmnume tdetme` cmnmsm% Rdhmle ltu au`m impmt uetuj ode`ue`jmp jdomopume uetuj cdrjkoueljmsl odhmhul tuhlsme ime jdomopume cdrjkoueljmsl sdbmrm vdrcmh% i% Rmalme Yds Te`jmpme odrupmjme smhmn smtu cm`lme imrl tds FMBY yme` clsm ilsmaljme sdbmrm leilvliumh omupue jhmsljmh% d% Pmjtu pdeymalme Pmjtu yme` ilpdr`uemjme uetuj ode`dramjme tds Dxprdsslke odeurut cuju pdtueauj mimhmn 24 odelt ime 4 odelt uetuj odocdrljme lestrujsl .amil wmjtu sdhuruneym 97 odelt,% Rdime`jme wmjtu uetuj ode`dramjme yme` il`uemjme il Fmjuhtms Wsljkhk`l T@O mimhmn 27 odelt% f%
Yuaume
Yds ue`jmpme lel uetuj jdpdrhume 1 =% Vkbmtlkeh Bkuesdhle` sdcm`ml mhmt Cmetu uetuj odoprdiljsl jdcdrnmslhme sdsdkrme` imhmo cdjdram sdsuml ide`me jdomopumeeym% Ime au`m il`uemjme uetuj Diubmtlkemh @ulimebd @ulimebd sdnle``m odocmetu imhmo pde`mrmnme .sdcm`ml tds cmjmt pdeaurusme,% Ydtmpl pdrhu ilbmtmt cmnwm
tds
lel
sdcdemreym
hdcln
cdrkrldetmsl
jdpmim
‘ Vkbmtlkemh ‘Vkbmtlkemh
Bkuesdhle`‟ imrlpmim ‘Diubmtlkemh @ulimebd%‟
3% Rdhmle ltu tds lel impmt au`m il`uemjme imhmo sdhdjsl ime pdedopmtme jmrymwme% `% Vmhliltms ime Sdhlmclhltms Rdamun lel cdhuo pdremn ilmimjme pdedhltlme yme` ode`ujur vmhliltms ime rd hlmclhltms% Rdime`jme il cuju pdtueauj yme` mshl au`m tlimj tdrbmetuo% n% Bmrm Wdocdrlme Rjkr Imhmo tds lel sucadj odopueyml amwmcme imhmo sdtlmp skmh .cmlj ime adhdj,% Jmhmu nmeym smtu yme` cdtuh imhmo smtu skmh au`m tdtmp ilnltue` .amil tlimj nmrus cdtuh jdium ‒ iumeym, Jdouilme ilcdrl sjkr = uetuj omsle` ‒ omsle` plhlnme% Jdouilme ilauohmnjme sdrtm iljkesuhtmsljme ide`me tmcdh uetuj ode`dtmnul jhmslfljmsl sucadj% Auohmn elhml tdrtle``l yme` clmsm ilpdrkhdn ? 2>% l%
Ekrom
Ekrom yme` mim mimhmn ekrom imrl tds Te`jmpme .nmslh imptmsl,% Ekrom lel nmeym clmsm ilpmjml uetuj sucadj yme` sdcmym ide`me memj ‒ memj Jdhms LLL ROM .jmrdem smopdh ekromeym mimhmn
slswm jdhms LLL ROM,% Ime ekrom lel ilcumt uetuj memj hmjl ‒ hmjl sdeilrl ime memj pdrdopume sdeilrl% Ymcdh Ekrom Yds M6 Jdtdrme`me 1 Wrlm
Pmeltm
Jmtd`krl
23 ‒ 2>
3< ‒ 2>
Cmlj Rdjmhl
36 ‒ 2=
39 ‒ 3>
Cmlj
37 ‒ 36
=> ‒ 32
Rdime`
=2 ‒ =<
=2 ‒ =0
Jurme`
7 ‒ =3
7 ‒ =3
Jurme` Rdjmhl
E Wutrm 1 2=7 krme` E Wutrl 1 3=4 krme` a%
Bmtmtme
Yds lel ilpmeime` pdrhu( ode`le`mt omsln hme`jmneym tds yme` ode`ue`jmp jdomopume vdrcmh% Nmeym cmnmsm yme` il`uemjme imhmo tds lel jdhlnmtme jurme` ode`ljutl pdrjdocme`me cmnmsm Leikedslm idwmsm lel%
<% YDR LEWDBYLKE .Lespdjsl,
Yds lel ode`ujur jdomopume uetuj sdbmrm bdpmt ime mjurmt odhlnmt jdjurme`me ‒ jdjurme`me mtmu tltlj ‒ tltlj rkcdj pmim `mocmr ‒ `mocmr kcadj mtmu sdrme`jmlme mrtljdh% Amil tds lepdjsl lel uetuj ode`dtds jdtmamome pdrsdpsl idtmlh( sdnle``m tdseym impmt ilsdcut au`m tds pdrsdpsl idtmlh% Jdomopume lel ilcutunjme imhmo ododrljsm nmslh ‒ nmslh pmcrlj yme` nmoplr sdhdsml mtmu suimn sdhdsml% =7% YDR WSDBLRLKE .Wrdslsl( Jdtdpmtme,
Yds lel ode`ujur jdbdpmtme ime jdmjurmtme imhmo `drmjme ‒ `drmjme amil sdbmrm odhle`jmr ide`me smtu tme`me ime ide`me jdium tme`me( jdomopume lel sme`mt ilcutunjme imhmo jdbdpmtme cdjdram ide`me kcadj ‒ kcadj jdblh% ==% BKKSILEMYLKE .Jkkrilemsl,
Yds lel ode`ujur jdomopume uetuj odejkkrilemsljme `drmjme ‒ `drmjme hde`me ime tme`me .nmei ‒ mei ‒ mro bkkrilemtlke,% =3% MSLYNODYLB .Mrltodtlj( cdrnltue`,
Yds lel ode`ujur prkflsldesl mtmu jdbmjmpme imhmo 9 nmh prksds cdrnltue` imhmo pdeauohmnme( pde`urme`me( pdrjmhlme ime pdocm`lme .*( /( x( 1,% Jdomopume lel momt pdetle` cm`l auru cmymr tkkj% =2% ODBNMELBR .Odjmeljm,
Yds lel ode`ujur jdomopume pdomnmome prleslp ‒ prleslp odjmeljm ime jdomopume ode`memhlsls `drmjme ‒ `drmjme odjmelj% =9% LE@DETLY\ . Jd`delusme,
Yds lel ode`ujur jrdtlvltms mtmu imym pdedoume .levdetlvdedss, imhmo pdrmhmtme ‒ pdrmhmtme ide`me prksdiur ‒ prksdiur `delus( pdrhde`jmpme( mtmu prdsdetmsl ‒ prdsdetmsl% Yds lel cdrslfmt tds pdemhmrme cdrimsmrjme sumtu pde`momtme omsmhmn mtmu prkchdo%
=4% MHHDSYEDR .Jdslmpme,
Yds lel ode`ujur jdomopume uetuj ode`umsml sumtu sltumsl ime odebmtmt cmnwm mim sltumsl cmnmym yme` tlocuh( mtmu sumtu tleimjme spdslflj nmrus ilhmjujme% Lel sumtu tds pdrsdpsl idtmlh ‒ idtmlh imhmo `mocmr ime letdrdhmsl ‒ letdrhmsleym%
I% YDR JSMDWHLE
Cdetuj tds lel mimhmn cdrupm smtu hdocmr jdrtms ikcdh jumrtk odomeame` ckhmj/cmhlj tdrilrl mtms 9 nmhmome( ymltu odhlputl 1
Nmhmome =( uetuj odeuhlsjme lidetltms ilrl sucadj ime bketkn sucadj
Nmhmome 3&2( cdrlsl skmh/skmh tds
Nmhmome 9( uetuj sbkrle` `rmflj ime letdrprdstmsl%
Rucadj mjme iloletm ode`nltue` me`jm/me`jm sdidrnmem =/< imrl cmwmn jdmtms uetuj ium me`jm yme` cdridjmtme tmepm mim me`jm yem` ilhdwmtl% Mspdj yme` ilujur mimhmn
Jdbdpmtme jdram . Wmejdr ,
Jdtdhltlme jdram . Ylmejdr Ylmejdr ,
Jdmad`me jdram . Auejdr ,
Jdtmnmeme jdram . Nmejdr , Yds lel ilsmaljme sdbmrm leilvliumh mtmupue jhmsljmh Pmjtu 1 37 odelt / Wde`lslsme imtm sucadj 1 9 odelt / Lestrujsl 1 3 odelt / Ode`dramjme skmh% Yds lel impmt il`uemjm pmim smmt yme` odeidsmj( jmrdem cmlj wmjtu ime omtdrleym sdidrnmem% Pmtueym sle`jmt ime tlimj ododrhujme pdrslmpme yme` ruolt%
D% YDR WMTHL
Yds lel ilblptmjme khdn Ir% Slbnmri Wmuhl pmim tmnue =<2>% Yds lel ode`ujur mpm yme` ilujur khdn tds jrmdphle( slsmople` au`m ode`ujur doksl( prkiujtlfltms jdram( pdeydsumlme tdrnmimp pdjdramme( ime `mym cdjdram% Yds Wmuhl( cdrcdetuj smtu hdocmr jdrtms odomeame` ckhmj cmhlj tdrilrl imrl 9 nmhmome ( ymltu 1
Nmhmome =( uetuj odeuhlsjme lidetltms ilrl sucadj ime bketkn sucadj
Nmhmome 3&2( cdrlsl skmh/skmh tds
Nmhmome 9( uetuj sbkrle` `rmflj ime letdrprdstmsl%
Imhmo tds lel tdrimpmt me`jm sdidrnmem =/<% Rucadj mjme iloletm letuj odeauohmnjme me`jm/ me`jm sdbmrm cdrurutme imrl cmwmn jdmtms( hmhu jdsmeple` jmeme uetuj ium me`jm yme` cdridjmtme tmepm mim me`mj yme` ilhdwmtl( jdouilme mim mcm/mcm `mrls% Mspdj yme` ilujur mimhmn 1 / jdtdjueme ime jkesdetrmsl / imym tmnme / jduhdtme / imym pdeydsumlme / vmhliltms / sljmp tdrnmimp tu`ms / bketrkh ilrl / sljmp ode`nmimpl tdjmeme
Yds impmt ilsmaljme sdbmrm leilvliumh mtmupue jdhkopkj Pmjtu pdeymalmeeym hdcln jurme` = amo% Rdtlmp idrdt wmjtu ilcdrl ilcdrl 2 odelt odelt ime sdtlmp 2 odelt ltuhmn ltuhmn sucadj mjme il cdrl mcm/mcm uetuj odocumt `mrls% Jdouilme ode`drajme tu`ms sdhmeauteym ime amwmcme iltuhls ilsdcdhmn jmeme% Yuaume imrl tds lel hdcln jdpmim jdpdetle`me leiustrl%Emoue au`m il`uemjme uetuj ode`ujur jdprlcmilme ime odeidtdjsl jhlels%
F% DOWHK\DD MWYLYTID RTSVD\ YDRY 1 M% OTHYL / MWSLSTID YDR CMYYDSD\ .DMR,%
Ruocdr
1 www% Wmrleb% Bko
Yuaume
1 odelhml jdomopume jk`eltlf( pdrbdptumh( ime psljkoktkr%
Tslm
1 idwmsm
Miole
1 leilvliu mtmu jdhkopkj
Pmjtu
1 cdrvmrlmsl tdr`metue` pmim tds yme` ilplhln
Jumhlfljmsl
1M
Hmpkrme smopdh 1 E+M Wrkiuj tdrjmlt
1 Pmtske @hmsdr Brltlbmh Ynlejle` Mpprmlsmh
Ydrilrl imrl =7 tds yme` ode`ujur jdomopume jk`eltlf( pdrsdptumh ime psljkoktkr yme` ilcutunjme uetuj prdstmsl jdram yme` sujsds imhmo pdjdramme yme` cdrvmrlmsl% Ilidsmle uetuj fhdjslclhltms% Meim impmt odolhln imrl rme`jmlme =7 tds tdrplsmn uetuj ode`nlopue tds yme` sdsuml ide`me jdcutunme%Rdcumn @dedrmh Odetmh Mclhlty .@OM, cmtdrrmy ime cmtdrrmy tds hmleeym yme` ilmrmnjme( iljdocme`jme uetuj `rup pdjdramme yme` pdetle` tdhmn illidetlfljmsl uetuj odomjslomhjme vmslhliltms Miolelstrmsl leilvliumh mtmu jdhkopkj ouimn ime bdpmt% Jdcmeymjme tds nmeym ode`moclh wmjtu 4 odelt( tlmp tds ilcmtmsl pmim sdcumn hdocmrme tue``mh ide`me lestrujsl yme` adhms yme` ilbdtmj il imhmo hdocmr tds% Ouimn ilcdrl sjkr ide`me tme`me% Rtdeslh ilsdilmjme uetuj rdspke cdemr smhmn Imtm ekromtlf yme` djstdeslf tdrsdilm% Dxmoledr“s Omeumh odeydilmjme ekrom ‒ ekrom yme` pmhle` uouo il`uemjme uetuj tds DMR leilvliumh ime tds cmttdrd% Rupphdodetmh Ekrom Sdpkrt odeydilmjme ekrom pdrsdetlh uetuj 5 >4 jhmslfljmsl pdjdramme & diujmsl cdrimsmrjme hdcln imrl 3=7%777 sjkr tds% Jdsdamntdrmme pdedhltlme odeiujue` vmhliltms rme`jmlme tds DMR uetuj odoprdiljsl prdstmsl jdram ime jdcdrnmslhme pdhmtlnme .=67 jrltdrlm ‒ stuil vmhliltms tds jmrh( odebmjup 534 jkdflslde vmhliltms, YDR DMR LEILVLITMH
Vdrcmh Bkoprdndeslke Ydst( ode`ujur jdomopume ode``uemjme jmtm ‒ jmtm ime
jkoueljmsl krmh ime tdrtuhls ime imhmo pdrdebmemme% Tetuj djsdjutlf( sdjrdtmrls( prkfdslkemh pdrskemh( pdjdram jmetkr hdvdh tle``l% Pmjtu 4 odelt%
Euodrlbmh Mclhlty Ydst( ode`ujur jdomopume uetuj ode`memhlsm nucue`me euodrlj
hk`ls ime odedoujme prleslp yme` odeimsmr uetuj djsdjutlf( supdrvlskr( lesleyur( mjuetme( smhds( ime bhdrlbmh wkrjdrs% Pmjtu =7 odelt%
Vlsumh Wdrsult Ydst( ode`ujur jdbdpmtme ime jdtdpmtme imhmo adamj skelb vlsumh% Tetuj
pdrmebme`( idsl`e de`leddr( pde`mwms( tdjelsl% Pmjtu 4 odelt%
Vlsumh Rpddi Mbburmby Ydst( ode`ujur jdomopume odhlnmt idtmlh ide`me bdpmt ime
mjurmt% Tetuj ckkjjddpdr mjuetme( auru tuhls jmetkr uouo( stdek`rmpnds( kpdrmtkr odsle( jdcmeymjme smhds supdrvlskr ime djsdjutlf( sdcdemreym il mtms rmtm ‒ rmtm% Pmjtu 4 odelt%
Rpmrd Vlsumhlzmtlke Ydst( ode`ujur jdomopume odovlsumhlsmsljme ime odomelpuhmsl
kcadj sdbmrm odetmh% Cdrelhml uetuj pdjdramme yme` ode`le`lejme cmjmt odjmels( sdpdrtl pdrmebme`( lesleyur( tdjelsl% Pmjtu 4 o delt%
Euodrlbmh Sdmskele` Ydst( ode`ujur jdomopume ode`memhlsm `dedrmhlsmsl ime
odhlnmt nucue`me Tetuj tdjelsl( supdrvlskry( ime pkslsl( djsdjutlf% Pmjtu 4 odelt%
Vdrcmh Sdmskele` Ydst( ode`ujur jdomopume uetuj ode`memhlsm lefkromsl ime
odocumt jdslopuhme cdrimsmrjme lefkromsl ltu% Cdrnmr`m uetuj pdjdramme yme` odocutunjme jdomopume uetuj ode`mtur( ode`dvmhumsl ime ode``uemjme lefkromsl( sdpdrtl pde`moclhme jdputusme miolelstrmtlf( tdjelsl( supdrvltkry( smles ime mjuetmesl% Pmjtu 4 odelt%
Pkri Fhudeby Ydst( ode`ujur fhdjslclhltms imhmo jkoueljmsl ide`me odesymrmtjme
krme` yme` iltds odeuhls sdcmeymj oue`jle jmtm yme` ilouhml ide`me nuruf tdrtdetu% Tetuj djsprdsl krmh mtmu tdrtuhls( jnususeym ilpdrhujme khdn pdeaumh( auremhlsls( pdrwmjlhme( pdeuhls( rdsdpslkels( sdjrdtmrls( ime djsdjutlf% Ylimj ilcutunjme juebl pdesjkrme% Pmjtu 4 odelt%
Omeumh Rpddi mei Mbburmby Ydst( ode`ujur jdomopume odocumt `drmjme ‒ `drmjme
amrl ‒ amrl rdpdtltlf sdbmrm bdpmt ime mjurmt% Tetuj bhdrlbmh wkrjdrs( kpdrmtkr odsle( tdjelsl ime tujme` odopdrcmljl% Ylimj ilpdrhujme juebl pdesjkrme% Pmjtu 4 odelt%
Ryockhlb Sdmskele` Ydst( ode`ujur jdomopume uetuj odomelpuhmsl slockh mcstrmj
sdbmrm odetmh ime odocumt jdputusme yme` vmhli% Tetuj ode`dvmhumsl pdjdram smles & tdjekhk`l tle`jmt tle``l( trkuchd snkktdr .tujme`,( prk`rmoodr imtm( mjuetmsl( lesleyur & pdrskelh lholmn% Pmjtu 4 odelt% @% YDR CMJMY JSDMYLFLYMR .EKE LEYDHDJYTMH, LEYDHDJYTMH,
Mimeym tds cmjmt WOM omjm jdouilme cdrjdocme`hmn tds cmjmt jnusus olsmheym @MY( IMY( FMBY ime sdcm`mleym% Ombmo/ombmo sdrl tds cmjmt tdrsdcut ilpmeime` tdromsuj sdcm`ml tds Letdhdjtumh% Omjm pmrm mnhl odoljlrjme tds cmjmt hmleeym yme` cdrslfmt Eke/Letdhdjtumh( olsmheym Yds Cmjmt Ouslj( Yds Cmjmt Rmstrm( Yds Cmjmt Ymrl ime sdcm`mleym% Ombmo/ombmo tds Cmjmt eke/letdhdjtumh lel ilsdcut tds cmjmt jrdmtlf .Brdmtlvd Ymhdet Ydst,% Ouebuheym Yds Cmjmt Jrdmtlf lel ilmwmhl ide`me mimeym Slsdt ime Wde`ujurme pmim Jrdmtlfltms Omeuslm% Cdrljut lel cdcdrmpm bketkn tds cmjmt sdel yme` y me` tdhmn iljdocme`jme il TRM( olsmheym1 Rdmsnkrd Odmsurd Kf Ouslbmh Ymhdet .Yds cmjmt Ouslj imrl Rdmsnkrd,
Yds lel odrupmjme tds cmjmt sdel pdrtmom yme` ilsusue% Yds lel ilpdruetujjme uetuj memj tlejmtme 9 smopml omnmslswm Wdr`urume Yle``l% Rdmsnkrd ode`ujur 6 .Demo, ombmo mspdj pdeide`mrme ide`me rdjmome pkek`rmf% Mspdj/mspdj pdeide`mrme yme` ilomjsui lmhmn1
Wltbn Ilsbrlolemtlke .Odocdimjme Yle``l rdeimneym Emim,
Letdeslty kr Hkuiedss Ilsbrlolemtlke .letdesltms mtmu ilsjrlolemsl jdrmseym emim,
Ylod Ilsbrlolemtlke .Odocdimjme wmjtu hmomeym cueyl emim,
Ilsbrlolemtlke kf Ylocrd .Ilsjrlolemsl Adels Cueyl,
Aui`dodet kf Snytdo .Odedetujme Sltod,
Ykemh Odokry .Ode`le`mt Wkhm Emim,
Auohmn elhml imrl jddemo mspdj pdeide`mrme ilmtms ilpmjml uetuj odocumt mtmu ode``mocmrjme prkflh jdomopume cdromle ouslj sdsdkrme`% Ple` Rtmeimrilzdi Ydst kf Ouslbmh Letdhhl`debd .Yds Rtmeimr cmjmt Ouslj imrl Ple`,
Yds lel ilpdruetujjme uetuj memj cdruslm > tmnue jdmtms% Yds lel ode`ujur tuaun ombmo mspdj pd rsdpsl ouslj( ymltu1
Bnkri Memhhysls .Memhlsls Bnkr,
Wltbn Bnm`d .Wdrucmnme Yle``l Emim,
Odokry .le`mtme Emim,
Snytnolb Mbbdet .Mjsde Sltod,
Nmrokey .Nmrokel Emim,
Letdeslty .Jdrmseym Emim,
Wrmsnle` .Wde`ubmpme Emim,
Irmjd Ouslbmh Mptltuid .Yds cmjmt ouslj imrl Irmjd,
Yds lel ode`ujur ium mspdj cmjmt ouslj ymltu le`mtme ime rltod% Yds lel ilpdruetujjme cm`l memj cdruslm > tmnue jdmtms% Mhlfdrls Ouslb Mbnldvdodet Ydst .Yds Wrdstmsl Ouslj imrl Mhlfdrls,
Yds lel il`uemjme uetuj odeydhdjsl bmhke slswm sdjkhmn ouslj% Tesur/uesur yme` il tds mimhmn pdocdimme odhkil( nmrokel( Sltod ime lilko Ouslj% Rdhmle tds cmjmt sdel ouslj mimpuhm tds cmjmt sdel `rmfls% Olsmheym1 Þ @rmvds Idsl`e Aui`dodet Ydst .Yds plhlnme idsl`e imrl @rmvds, Yds lel il`umemjme uetuj ode`ujur jdomopume pdrsdpsl ime prleslp/prleslp tmtmeme sdel yme` ode`deml1 =%
Telty .Jdsmtume,
3%
Ikolemebd .Ikolemsl,
2%
Vmrldty .Vmrlmsl,
9%
Cmhmebd .Jdsdlocme`me,
4%
Rlodtry .Rlodtrls,
6%
Wrkpkrtlke .prkpkrsl,
0%
Snytno .Sltod,
Þ Odldr Mrt Aui`odet Ydst .Yds plhlnme sdel imrl Odldr, Mhmt tds lel odrupmjme mhmt hmle uetuj ode`ujur Wlhlnme Dstdtlj sdbmrm @hkcmh% Odeurut Odldr cmnwm plhlnme dstdtlj mimhmn juebl jdomopume( sdcm`ml pd`me`me tdrpdrbmym ime leidjs sl`elfljme imhmo cmjmt sdel ime amhme sujsds jdpmim jmrldr sdel yme` mjme imtme`% Yds lel tdrilrl mtms sdrmtus pmsme` `mocmr nltmo putln yme` il prdsdetmsdjme jdpmim tdstdd sdbmrm sdpmsme`/ sdpmsme`% Rdtlmp pmsme` `mocmr sdpletms tdrhlnmt smom% @mocmr pdrtmom odrupmjme Omstdrpldbd sdime` `mocmr jdium odeimpmt pdrucmnme/pdrucmnme imrl `mocmr pdrtmom% Ilslelhmn tdstdd iloletm uetuj odeueaujjme omem `mocmr yme` mshl ide`me odhlnmt prdfdesl dstdtlj imrl tlmp pmsme` `mocmr% Þ Jemucdr Mrt Mclhlty Ydst .Yds Jdomopume Rdel imrl Jemucdr, Ilpdruetujjme uetuj memj/memj tle`jmtme 0 smopml =6% Cdcdrmpm Bketkn Yu`ms yme` ilcdrlmjme imhmo tds lel mimhmn1 =%
Ode``mocmr sumtu idsl`e imrl le`mtme
3%
Ode``mocmrjme le`mtme( `mocmr imrl rume` tdrcmtms
2%
Ode``mocmr sumtu jmrmjtdr stdrdktlp( olsmheym Rmetm Bhmus
9%
Odeyusue sumtu jkopkslsl spdslflj imhmo sumtu rume` tdrtdetu
4%
Odeblpmtmjme ime odeydopuremjme idsmle/idsmle imrl uesurd
Þ Nkre Mptltuid Levdetkry .levdetkrl Cmjmt Rdel imrl Nkre, Yds lel il`uemjme uetuj odeydhdjsl bmhke slswm Rdjkhmn Rdel tdrutmom imhmo ode`ujur jdjrdmtlfme leilvliu yme` ode``uemjme fhdjslcdhltms mtmu sumtu jdrme`jm .pdtueauj+`ulid, uetuj ode``mocmr% Yds Nkre tdrilrl mtms ium cm`lme( ymltu1 =%
Cm`lme L: Wmrm tdstdd iloletm odocumt 37 ombmo ombmo sjdtsm jdblh/jdblh imrl kcadj/kcadj yme`
sdrupm( olsmheym hle`jmrme( ruomn( cujmu ime sdcm`mleym imhmo wmjtu sle`jmt% Rdhmle ltu tdstdd au`m ilomletm uetuj odocumt idsmle mcstrmj yme` sdidrnmem yme` ilmwmhl smtu sdt cmnme yme` tdhmn ilsdilmjme olsmheym sd`ltl`m( pdrsd`l ime sdcm`mleym% 3%
Cm`lme LL: cdrlsl tu`ms/tu`ms yme` hdcln suhlt ime ododrhujme tle`jmt jrdmtlfltms yme` hdcln
jkophdjs olsmheym jdomopume odeblptmjme fmetmsl jmrym sdel% Omtdrl tu`mseym cdrupm =3 jmrtu pdrsd`l% Wmim sdtlmp jmrtu cdrlsl cdcdrmpm `mrls sdcm`ml jdrme`jm mpm yme` impmt il`mocmrjme imrl pde``mocmrme pde``mocmrme idsmle yme` ilblptmjme ilblptmjme mtmu illomalemsljme khdn Ydstdd% Wdelhmlme tdrnmimp nmslh `mocmr cdrimsmrjme jdpmim lomalemsl jrdtlf ime jumhltms tdjeljeym( olsmheym susuemeeym( jdadhmsme pdoljlrmeeym( pdocdrlme cmyme`meeym ime jumhltms `mrls/`mrls yme` tdrcdetuj%
Jdtdrcmtmsme Yds Cmjmt
Yds cmjmt odolhljl jdtdrcmtmsme sdcm`ml cdrljut( ymltu =% Yds cmjmt nmeym ode`ujur smopdh pdrlhmju yme` iltueaujjme mtmu smopdh cutlr tds% 3% Rtmeimrilsmsl tds tdr`metue` pmim jdmimme smopdh stmeimrilsmsl% Ide`me idoljlme pdrjdocme`me cuimym ime jdomaume tdjekhk`l mjme odopde`mrunl o dopde`mrunl vmhliltms tds% 2% Sdmhlclhltms tds amrme` odopueyml jkdflslde rdhlmclhltms smom ide`me smtu( nmh lel cdrmrtl tdstle` hdcln smtu jmhl pmim leilvliu tlimj mjme odeueaujjme nmslh yme` smom pdrsls% 9% Ide`me pde`ujurme cmjmt cujme cdrmrtl tdhmn odomnmol jkeilsl psljkhk`l sdsdkrme` sdbmrm jkoprdndeslf% Tetuj tuaume ilm`eksls ime prdiljsl( mjme hdcln mjurmt aljm ilhmjujme pde`ujurme mspdj uetuj sdbmrm jkoprdndeslf%
WDETYTW JDRLOWTHME
Mimpue adels ‒ adels imrl Yds CMJMY( ymltu 1 M% ILFFDSDEYLMH MWYLYTID YDRY .IMY,
C%
=%
Yds Cdrnltue`
3%
Yds Wdemhmrme
2%
Yds Wkhm
9%
Yds Wde`drtlme Odjmelj
4%
Yds Bdpmt ime Ydhltl
@DEDSMH MWYLYTID YDRY CMYYDS\ .@MYC, =%
Yds Sume` Clime`
3%
Yds Odopdrsmomjme Wdrjmjms
2%
Yds Jdbdjmtme Adomrl
B% FHMEM@ME MWYLYTID BHMRRLFLBMYLKE YDRY .FMBY, =%
Yds Jkid ime Le`mtme
3%
Yds Odrmjlt Kcadj
2%
Yds Rjmhm ime @rmfls
9%
Yds Wdomnmome
4%
Yds Ode`utlp
6%
Yds Jkopkede
0%
Yds Ymcdh
>%
Yds Te`jmpme
I% YDR JSDMWHLE D%
YDR WMTHL
F%
DOWHK\DD MWYLYTID RTSVD\ YDRY .DMR,
@% YDR CMJMY JSDMYLVLYMR
IMFYMS WTRYMJM nttp 1 akekscrktndrs%wkriprdss%bko Mhsm( Msomil( ijj% =<>9% Lefkromsl Yds% \k`ymjmrtm 1 Fmjuhtms Wsljkhk`l TEO Memstmsl% M% 3772% Wsybnkhk`lbmh Ydstle`% Alhli L ime LL% Dilsl Cmnmsm Leikedslm% Amjmrtm 1 WY Leidj @rmodilm @rmfleik Dvm O%W%I% 3774% Bmtmtme Juhlmn Wsljkil`ekstlj L % TEO% Omjmssmr 1 Ylimj iltdrcltjme% Wsljkilm`ekstlj % Dilsl LL%\k`ymjmrtm 1 T@O Rurymcrmtm( R% =<<>% Wdoclocle` jd Wsljkilm`ekstlj
