[NBLBFIGQGB JGSLD ENDGHGU SLSVG [GAG OGQG [NDGHGUGB L[S ONDGD^L ONQMAN INUHG INDMO[MI
*[nbndlqlgb Qlbagigb Indgs [gag Indgs P SA Bnfnul ;5 Cgagssgul Incgogqgb Qnfgdvgu~ Ige~{gqnb [~uvgiguqg,
Algh~igb ^bq~i Onbfli~ql ^hlgb Slagbf [um{msgd [nbndlqlgb [gag [umfugo [nbalaligb F~u~ Snimdgj Agsgu ^blpnuslqgs Lbambnslg Igo{~s [~uvgiguqg
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G" H^A^D
[NBLBFIGQGB JGSLD ENDGHGU SLSVG [GAG OGQG [NDGHGUGB L[S ONDGD^L ONQMAN INUHG INDMO[MI
E" DGQGU ENDGIGBF
[nbalaligbb [nbalaligb b bgslmbgd enu`~bfsl
~bq~i onbfnoegbbfigb inogo{~gb
snuqg o~q~ injla~{gb agb oguqgegq ogb~slg al Lbambnslg agdgo ugbfig onv~h~aigb q~h~gb bgslmbgd" [gag i~uli~dlo Snimdgj Agsgu
egli i~uli~d~o i~uli~d~o qgj~b qgj~b 7<:1 7<:1 og~{~b
i~uli~d~o 5;;1 |gbf qnuinbgd annbfgb sne~qgb I~uli~d~o Enuegsls Im{nqnbsl *IEI," Agdgo {nbfgqgj~gb smslgd |gbf alq~h~igb ~bq~i onblbfigqigb o~q~ {nbalaligb {nbfnqgj~gb smslgd sncgug bgslmbgd$ igunbg sggq lbl insnhgjqnuggb egbfsg qlagi jgb|g onbfgbagdigb onbfgbagdigb s~oenu ag|g gdgo agb omagd |gbf enusl`gq `lsli$ qnqg{l enus~oenu {gag omagd lbqndniq~gd smslgd agb in{nucg|ggb" Imo{nqnbsl {nbfnqgj~gb smslgd onbhgolb ine~q~jgb inlogbgb agb inqgwvggb qnujgag{ Q~jgb \gbf Ogjg Nsg" [nbf~gsggb {ulbsl{/{ulbsl{ smslgd nimbmol e~ag|g agb invgufgbnfguggb$ snjlbffg q~oe~j fnbnugsl |gbf i~gq agb enugijdgi *I~uli~d~o 5;;1," Enuagsguigb I~uli~d~o Enuegsls Imo{nqnbsl *IEI, qnusne~q sn|mf|gb|g qnucl{qg s~gq~ imbalsl {noendghgugb |gbf ononb~jl iulqnulg$ egli alqlbhg~ agul {nbfnoegbfgb$ lsl$ egjgb$ {ndghgugb |gbf qn{gq agb sns~gl anbfgb q~bq~qgb i~uli~d~o agb agb egfglogbg egfglogbg {~dg {nbanigqgb squgqnfl
agb onqman snuqg qnibli
onbfghgu |gbf jgu~s aldgi~igb gfgu q~h~gb endghgu onbfghgu enujgsld anbfgb egli"
7
Inb|gqggb |gbf gag al dg{gbfgb onb~bh~igb jgsld endghgu {nbfnqgj~gb smslgd qnub|gqg i~ugbf enuogibg$ snulbf qnuhgal f~u~ onaulld gqg~ enu~sgjg {g|gj onbfghgul slsvg anbfgb ogqnul/ogqnul egu~ anbfgb gdgsgb
{nbcg{glgb qgufnq
i~uli~d~o" Mdnj snege lq~ inflgqgb/inflgqgb lbqndniq~gd end~o qnudgigsgbg sn{nb~jb|g$ egjigb jgsld {nbfgogqgb al dg{gbfgb {umsns {noendghgugb [nbfnqgj~gb [nbfnqgj~gb Smslgd end~o qnudgisgbg sncgug m{qlogd" [ndgisgbggb inflgqgb endghgu onbfghgu al snimdgj {gag ~o~ob|g aldgisgbgigb sncgug ombmqmb |gbf alamolsldl mdnj cnugogj sgq~ gugj$ f~u~ ononud~igb snqlg{ gs{ni agdgo Fguls/Fguls Ensgu [umfugo [nbfghgugb *FE[[, snegfgl sgq~gb/sgq~gb |gbf enualul snbalul agb qnu{lsgj agul {mimi egjgsgb lba~ib|g$ {gagjgd sns~bff~jb|g sns~bff~jb|g snqlg{ indmo{mi egjgsgb agb qm{li |gbf alegjgs onu~{gigb s~gq~ slsqno |gbf ogslbf/ogslbf gs{nib|g sgdlbf qnuiglq agb onba~i~bf" Gilegq cgug cgug onbfghgu onbfghgu sn{nuql lq~$ egb|gi egb|gi alqno~igb slsvg/slsvg |gbf |gbf {gsl` agdgo snqlg{ {noendghgugb al indgs$ qlagi qnuhgal s~gsgbg |gbf enub~gbsg iungql` algdmf$ s|gugq anbfgb jg{gdgb qlagi gag {nbfnoegbfgb enu`lilu |gbf aldgi~igb f~u~ onoemsgbigb$ snuqg gagb|g {noendghugb |gbf qlagi enuogibg *umq n dngublbf," Agul ogsgdgj ini~ugbfgb {m{~dnu {ndghgugb L[S$ enuqmdgi endgigbfb|g igugiqnulsqli gbgi anbfgb igugiqqnulsqli egjgb {ndghgugb L[S gfgu {umsns {noendghgugb qnudgisgbg anbfgb egli agb ag{gq onbcg{gl sgsgugb$ ogig algagigb {nbndlqlgb |gbf onbfgqgsl snfgdg {nuogsgdgjgb qnusne~q anbfgb onbcmeg sgdgj sgq~ onqman |glq~ onqman inuhg indmo{mi"
5
Onqman lbl
snbfghg
onbhgal egjgb {nbndlqlgb gfgu f~u~ qlagi jgb|g
onogigl gqg~ onbff~bgigb onqman cnugogj sghg agdgo onb|go{gligb {ndghgugb {nbfnqgj~gb {nbfnqgj~gb smslgd$ igunbg jgd lbl slsvg aldlegqigb sncgug dgbfs~bf snjlbffg gigb onbloe~digb inflgqgb endghgu agb aljgug{igb ag{gq qnuhgal onblbfigqigb agdgo snfl {numdnjgb bldgl snuqg {nu~egjgb slig{ sns~gl anbfgb `~bfsl agb q~h~gb {noendghgugb {nbfnqgj~gb smslgd" Enuagsguigb dgqgu endgigbf al gqgs$ ogig algagigb {nbndlqlgb qlbagigb indgs anbfgb h~a~d —[NBLBFIGQGB INOGO[^GB JGSLD ENDGHGU SLSVG [GAG OGQG [NDGHGUGB L[S ONDGD^L ONQMAN INUHG INDMO[MI‟"
C" U^O^SGB OGSGDGJ
U~o~sgb ogsgdgj {mimi sncgug ~o~o$ {nuogsgdgjgb {nbndlqlgb qlbagigb indgs lbl gagdgj8 Egfglogbg {nblbfigqgb lbqnugisl {noendghgugb agb jgsld endghgu slsvg agdgo {umsns {noendghgugb ‟Ldo~ [nbfnqgj~gb Smslgd‟ snjlbffg agul gagb|g {nblbfigqgb lbqnugisl slsvg agul ogqg {ndghgugb qnusne~q gigb onblbfigqigb jgsld endghgu slsvg" Dnelj ij~s~sb|g u~o~sgb ogsgdgj lbl snegfgl enuli~q8 7" Egfglogbg
jgsld
endghgu
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anbfgb
onbff~bgigb onbff~bgigb onqman inuhg indmo{mi= 5" Egfglogbg {umsns {noendghgugb slsvg agdgo ono{ndghgul {ndghgugb ldo~ {nbfnqgj~gb {nbfnqgj~gb smslgd anbfgb onbff~bgigb onqman inuhg indmo{mi=
3
3" Egfglogbg jgsld endghgu slsvg {gag {noendghgugb l{s snqndgj onbff~bgigb onqman inuhg indmo{mi=
A" Q^H^GB [NBNDLQLGB
Sns~gl
|gbf qndgj alu~o~sigb alu~o~sigb al gqgs$ ogig ogig q~h~gb {nbndlqlgb lbflb
onbfnqgj~l egfglogbg fgoegugb lbqnugisl agb ungisl slsvg/slsvg agdgo ono{ndghgul
Ldo~ [nbfnqgj~gb Smslgd anbfgb onbff~bgigb onbff~bgigb onqman inuhg
indmo{mi$ snjlbffg onbfgugj in{gag s~gsgbg |gbf qnelj jla~{$ onb|nbgbfigb agb qlagi onoemsgbigb ~bq~i {ndghgugb L[S qnusne~q$ snuqg {nu~egjgb slig{ |gbf aljgug{igb agdgo q~h~gb |gbf alogis~a gagdgj8 7" Lbflb onbfnqgj~l ingaggb slsvg endghgu Ldo~ [nbfnqgj~gb Smslgd anbfgb onbff~bgigb onbff~bgigb onqman inuhg indmo{mi" 5" Lbflb onbfnqgj~l {nblbfigqgb inuhgsgog gbqgu slsvg" 3" Lbflb onbfnqgj~l onbfnqgj~l jgsld endghgu slsvg qnujgag{ qnujgag{ ogqg {ndghgugb L[S L[S snqndgj snqndgj onbff~bgigb onbff~bgigb onqman inuhg indmo{mi"
N" OGB@GGQ [NBNDLQLGB
Sncgug ~o~o ogb`ggq {nbndlqlgb agb inf~bggb" Jgsld {nbndlqlgb lbl ag{gq allb`muogsligb qnbqgbf inogh~gb {unsqgsl slsvg agdgo ogqg {ndghgugb L[S {mimi egjgsgb Inbgo{gigb Gdgo agb E~gqgb al Lbambnslg anbfgb onbff~bgigb onqman inuhg indmo{mi" Anbfgb enuegfgl ulbclgb ogb`ggq |gbf aldgi~igb gagdgj8 7" Egfl F~u~
Agul {nbndlqlgb lbl$ {nb~dls enujgug{ gfgu {nbalali *f~u~,$ ij~s~sb|g f~u~
1
SA al ogsg onbagqgbf ag{gq dnelj lbmpgql` agdgo onogb`ggqigb onogb`ggqigb onalg |gbf |gbf gag onb~oe~jinoegbfigb olbgq agb jgsld endghgu slsvg" Anbfgb o~dgl qnusnalgb|g onalg jgo{lu al snqlg{ snimdgj$ f~u~ ag{gq onogb`ggqigb insno{gqgb agb sgugbg |gbf gag anol o~q~ {nbalaligb" 5" Egfl Slsvg
Aljgug{igb h~fg gfgu slsvg slsvg indgs P dnelj qnuqguli agb dnelj dnelj qnu{gbclbf ~bq~i dnelj flgq endghgu$ ij~s~sb|g ij~s~sb|g {gag ogqnul Ldo~ [nbfnqgj~gb [nbfnqgj~gb Smslgd$ Smslgd$ anbfgb anbfgb alogb`ggqigbb|g onalg snegfgl onalg {noendghgugb" Jgsld endghgu slsvg {~b aljgug{igb ag{gq onblbfigq sncgug slfbl`ligb" sl fbl`ligb" 3" Egfl {nbndlql
Anbfgb ondgi~igb {nbndlqlgb qlbagigb qlbagigb indgs alhgaligb alhgaligb {nbfgdgogb {nbfgdgogb agdgo ~{g|g onblbfigqigb omqlpgsl onbfghgu |gbf dnelj egli dgfl al vgiq~ |gbf gigb agqgbf"
@" IDGUL@LIGSL IMBSN[
Agdgo ighlgb lbl qnuag{gq lsqldgj/lsqldgj lsqld gj/lsqldgj |gbf sncgug s{nsl`li {nud~ alhndgsigb ogibgb|g agb enenug{g enenug{g lsqldgj |gbf enuiglqgb enuiglqgb anbfgb anbfgb h~a~d onogjgol onogjgol ogibg |gbf alogis~a agdgo bgsigj {nbndlqlgb" Lsqldgj/lsqldgj |gbf al ogis~a gagdgj8 7" Jgsld endghgu slsvg
Sgq~ olsl {nbfghgugb L[S gagdgj onbfnoegbfigb {ulegal gbgi ~bq~i ogo{~ enualul al gqgs igil snbalul$ agb ogo{~ eninuhg sgog anbfgb {ljgi dglb agb elagbf ingjdlgb gqg~ inldo~gb dglbb|g" O~ula/o~ula jgu~s aldgqlj ondgi~igb
>
{umsns endghgu ondgd~l ini~gqgb {ulegalb|g sncgug lbalpla~gd agb agdgo enbq~i indmo{mi" F~u~ snegfgl snmugbf {nolo{lb jgu~s onbfndmdg {umsns qgal sncgug n`niql`$ n`lslnb$ agb {uma~iql`" F~u~ jgu~s ogsgbf squgqnfl ~bq~i onbcl{qgigb slq~gsl agb s~gsgbg |gbf snugsl" 5"
[noendghgugb [noendghgugb Ldo~ [nbfnqgj~gb Smslgd al SA
Onu~{gigb s~gq~ indmo{mi indmo{mi ldo~ {nbfnqgj~gb {nbfnqgj~gb smslgd |gbf |gbf ogslbf/ogslbf ogslbf/ogslbf ono{~b|gl q~fgs agb elagbfb|g |glq~8 fnmfug`l$ snhgugj$ nimbmol$ {mdlqli$ smslmdmfl$ gbqum{mdmfl$ agb `lslimdmfl$ snuqg inogo{~gb agb {nuegligb lbqndniqlgd agdgo ogqg {ndghgugb |gbf onbfighl sn{nugbfigq [nulsqlvg$ `giqg$ imbsn{ agb fnbnugdlsgsl fnbnugdlsgsl |gbf enuiglqgb anbfgb ls~ smslgd agb invgufg bnfguggb" 3" Onqman inuhg indmo{mi
[gag agsgub|g onqman inuhg indmo{mi gagdgj s~gq~ giql`lqgs endghgu al ogbg lbalpla~ agdgo jgd lbl slsvg |gbf endghgu qnuag{gq dnelj agul sgq~ mugbf ondgd~l inuhg sgog agdgo onb|ndnsgligb {nusmgdgb agdgo onb|ndnsgligb {nusmgdgb agdgo endghgu onu~{gigb v~h~a {nbfnoegbfgb ugsg ugslmbgd slsvg" Onqman inuhg inuhg indmo{mi gagdgj alogbg gbgi gbgi alali agdgo agdgo s~gq~ indmo{mi al{gbagbf snegfgl s~gq~ insgq~gb qnusnbalul ~bq~i onbcgul gq~ q~h~gb {ndghgugb |gbf qnbq~ anbfgb enufmqmbf um|mbf"
0
F" IGHLGB QNMULQLS 7" [nbalaligb$ Endghgu$ agb [noendghgugb [noendghgugb
[nbalaligb onu~{gigb ~sgjg sgagu agb qnunbcgbg ~bq~i onv~h~aigb s~gsgbg endghgu agb {umsns {noendghgugb gfgu {nsnuqg alali sncgug giql` onbfnoegbfigb {mqnbsl alulb|g ~bq~i onoldlil ini~gqgb s{lulq~gd ingfgoggb$ {nbfnbagdlgb {nbfnbagdlgb alul$ in{ulegalgb$ incnuagsgb$ gijdgi o~dlg$ snuqg inqnugo{ldgb |gbf al{nud~igb alulb|g agb ogs|gugigq" [nbalaligb ondl{~ql {nbfghgugb ingjdlgb ij~s~s$ agb h~fg sns~gq~ |gbf qlagi ag{gq aldljgq qnqg{l dnelj onbagdgo |glq~ {noenulgb {nbfnqgj~gb$ {nbfnqgj~gb$ {nuqloegbfgb agb inelhgisgbggb" inelhgisgbggb" Sgdgj sgq~ agsgu ~qgog {nbalaligb gagdgj ~bq~i onbfghgu ine~ag|ggb ondnvgql fnbnugsl" Agdgo ^bagbf/^bagbf UL Bm" 5; Qgj~b 5;;3 qnbqgbf Slsqno [nbalaligb Bgslmbgd alsne~qigb$ —[nbalaligb gagdgj ~sgjg sgagu agb qnunbcgbg ~bq~i onv~h~aigb s~gsgbg endghgu agb {umsns {noendghgugb gfgu {nsnuqg alali sncgug giql` onbfnoegbfigb {mqnbsl alulb|g ~bq~i onoldlil ini~gqgb s{lulq~gd ingfgoggb$ ingfgoggb$ {nbfnbagdlgb alul$ in{ulegalgb$ incnuagsgb$ incnuagsgb$ gijdgi o~dlg$ snuqg inqnugo{ldgb |gbf al{nud~igb alulb|g$ ogs|gugigq$ egbfsg agb bn fgug"‟ Agdgo egjgsg Lbffuls lsqldgj {nbalaligb onbff~bgigb igqg — na~cgqlmb ‟$ |gbf elgsgb|g alj~e~bfigb anbfgb {nbalaligb al snimdgj" Igqg — na~cgqlmb ‟ enuj~e~bfgb anbfgb igqg agul egjgsg Dgqlb — na~cnun ‟ |gbf enuguql —onbfnd~guigb s~gq~ inogo{~gb‟" Igunbg lq~$ {nbalaligb enuguql onoeloelbf ~bq~i onbfnd~guigb s~gq~ inogo{~gb |gbf qnuslo{gb agdgo alul gbgi *Sga~ddmj$ 5;;685," Onb~u~q OcDnma |gbf qnuogiq~e agdgo e~i~ [slimdmfl [nbalaligb igugbfgb O~jleelb S|gj *5;;:87;, alb|gqgigb egjvg {nbalaligb enuguql
6
{nue~ggqgb gqg~ {umsns {nue~gqgb ~bq~i ono{numdnj {nbfnqgj~gb" Snagbfigb U~{nuq C" Dmafn$ agdgo e~i~ Onqmamdmfl [nbfghgugb Gfgog Lsdgo igugbfgb Gjoga Qg`slu *5;;:8>,$ onb|gqgigb egjvg agdgo {nbfnuqlgb |gbf d~gs {nbalaligb lq~ onb|gbfi~q snd~u~j {nbfgdgogb" Snagbfigb agdgo guql sno{lq$ lg enu{nbag{gq egjvg {nbalaligb gagdgj {nbalaligb |gbf aldgisgbgigb al snimdgj" Oguloeg$ agdgo e~i~ Onqmamdmfl [nbfghgugb Gfgog Lsdgo igugbfgb Gjoga Qg`slu *5;;:8>,$ onban`lblsligb {nbalaligb snegfgl eloelbfgb gqg~ {lo{lbgb sncgug sgagu mdnj {nbalali qnujgag{ {nuinoegbfgb hgsogbl agb u mjgbl sl qnualali onb~h~ qnuenbq~ib|g in{ulegalgb |gbf ~qgog" Endghgu onu~{gigb {nu~egjgb |gbf undgql` {nuogbnb agdgo {nuldgi~ gqg~ {mqnbsl {nuldgi~ snegfgl jgsld agul {nbfgdgogb gqg~ dgqljgb |gbf al{nui~gq" Endghgu gagdgj {umsns onbqgd agb nomslmbgd gqg~ {umsns enu{lilu agb onugsgigb" Snsnmugbf aligqgigb endghgu g{geldg {lilugb agb {nugsggbb|g giql`" Qnuag{gq qlfg gqule~q {mimi endghgu$ |glq~8 {umsns$ {nuldgi~$ agb {nbfgdgogb *Vlbgqg{~qug$ 5;;> 8 5"3," [noendghgugb onu~{gigb s~gq~ slsqno dlbfi~bfgb endghgu |gbf qnualul agul imo{mbnb/imo{mbnb enuli~q8 q~h~gb {noendghgugb$ ogqnul {ndghgugb$ inflgqgb endghgu onbfghgu$ onqman$ onalg$ s~oenu endghgu$ agb npgd~gsl" \gbf onbhgal imo{mbnb ~qgog agdgo {noendghgugb gagdgj q~h~gb {noendghgugb$ igunbg sno~g imo{mbnb dglbb|g onbfgc~ in{gag q~h~gb {noendghgugb" Igunbg lq~$ ~bq~i ondgisgbgigb ondgisgbgigb s~gq~ {umsns {noendghgugb$ jgd |gbf jgu~s alu~o~sigb {nuqgog igdl gagdgj q~h~gb {noendghgugb" *S~qlibm$ 5;;:836,
:
5" Jgsld Endghgu
Jgsld endghgu onu~{gigb snfgdg {nuldgi~ |gbf aloldlil snsnmugbf snegfgl gilegq {umsns endghgu |gbf qndgj alqno{~jb|g" Vlddlgo E~uqmb agdgo siul{sl igu|g S~{guqlbl *5;;:877, onb|gqgigb egjvg jgsld endghgu gagdgj {mdg/{mdg {nue~gqgb$ bldgl/bldgl$ {nbfnuqlgb/{nbfnuqlgb$ slig{/slig{$ g{unslgsl$ geldlqgs$ agb inogo{~gb |gbf alcg{gl mdnj {noendghgu-{nsnuqg alali" Jgsld endghgu e~igb sninagu {nbf~gsggb s~gq~ jgsld dgqljgb ondglbigb gagb|g {nu~egjgb {nuldgi~ qgjg{/anol qgjg{$ egli agdgo ugbgj imfblql`$ g`niql`$ gqg~{~b {slimomqmu$ |gbf dgoegq dg~b qnulbqnfugsl onbhgal s~gq~ in{ulegalgb" Snsnmugbf |gbf qndgj ondgi~igb {umsns endghgu gigb qnudljgq q nudljgq {nu~egjgb agdgo sgdgj sgq~ gqg~ enenug{g ugbgj qlbfigj dgi~ qnusne~q" Mnogu Jgogdli agdgo siul{sl igu|g Ogudlgbl *5;;<853, onb|gqgigb egjvg qlbfigj dgi~ ogb~slg qnualul agul snh~odgj gs{ni" Jgsld endghgu gigb qgo{gi {gag snqlg{ {nu~egjgb {gag gs{ni/gs{ni qnusne~q$ |glq~8 g" [nbfnqgj~gb e" Inelgsggb c" Inqnugo{ldgb a" G{unslgsl n" Nomslmbgd `" J~e~bfgb smslgd f" Hgsogbl j" Nqls gqg~ e~al {ninuql$ agb l"
Slig{
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Jgsld endghgu gbgi alali ag{gq aldljgq anbfgb ondgi~igb inflgqgb npgd~gsl" Npgd~gsl enuf~bg ~bq~i onbfnqgj~l sgo{gl ogbg {nbcg{glgb slsvg qnujgag{ s~gq~ q~h~gb {noendghgugb |gbf qndgj alqnbq~igb" Anbfgb npgd~gsl {nbalali h~fg ag{gq ono{numdnj qloegd egdli |gbf ino~algb alf~bgigb ~bq~i ono{nueglil snuqg onbfnoegbfigb onbfnoegbfigb {umsns {noendghgugb enuli~qb|g" 3" Onqman [noendghgugb
Onqman sncgug jgu`lgj enuguql —cgug‟" Snagbfigb onqman {noendghgugb gagdgj cgug/cgug onb|ghligb ogqnul {ndghgugb |gbf aldgi~igb mdnj {nbalali gfgu qnuhgal {umsns endghgu {gag alul slsvg agdgo ~{g|g onbcg{gl q~h~gb" Onqman {noendghgugb onu~{gigb cgug ondgi~igb gqg~ onb|ghligb$ onbf~ugligb$ onoenul cmbqmj$ agb onoenul dgqljgb lsl {ndghgugb in{gag slsvg ~bq~i onbcg{gl q~h~gb qnuqnbq~" Ag{gq aligqgigb egjvg onqman {noendghgugb onu~{gigb egflgb agul squgqnfl lbsqu~islmbgd" *Imbcgug$ * Imbcgug$ jqq{8--imbcgug:3"edmfs{mq" jqq{8--imbcgug:3"edmfs{mq" cmo-5;;<-;<-onqman/onbfghgu/{noendghgugb"jqod, Qnuag{gq egb|gi {ldljgb onqman {noendghgugb$ gbqgug dglb8 Onqman Cnugogj$ Onqman Anombsqugsl$ Onqman Nis{nulonb *[ugiqli~o,$ Onqman [um|ni$ Onqman Alsi~sl$ Onqman Vla|gvlsgqg$ Onqman Enuoglb [nugb$ Onqman Qgb|g Hgvge$ Onqman Dgqljgb$ Onqman [gonugb *{nbgo{ldgb,$ Onqman {nuoglbgb$ Onqman Cnulqg-Ilsgj$ Onqman Slo~dgsl$ Onqman Sq~al Ogbalul$ Onqman Cmo{~qnu Gsslsqna Dngublbf *CGD,$ agb ogslj egb|gi dgfl" Qnuogs~i sgdgj sgq~b|g gagdgj Onqman Inuhg Indmo{mi"
7;
1" Onqman Endghgu Inuhg Indmo{mi
Onqman inuhg indmo{mi gagdgj alogbg gbgi alali agdgo s~gq~ indmo{mi al{gbagbf snegfgl s~gq~ insgq~gb qnusnbalul ~bq~i onbcgul gq~ q~h~gb {ndghgugb |gbf qnbq~ anbfgb enufmqmbf um|mbf" *Sgfgdg$ 5;;3857>, Omnahlmbm$ snegfglogbg ali~ql{ mdnj S~ogbqul *7<<<871:,$ onb|gqgigb egjvg inuhg indmo{mi onu~{gigb `muogq endghgu |gbf onblqlienugqigb in{gag lbqnugisl gbqgu gbffmqg f~bg onb|ndnsgligb q~fgs endghgu sncgug enusgog/sgog" Agdgo onqman inuhg indmo{mi$ slsvg agdgo sgq~ indgs al{gbagbf snegfgl sgq~ insgq~gb qnusnbalul$ gqg~{~b alegfl gqgs indmo{mi/indmo{mi incld" [noegflgb indmo{mi ag{gq alagsguigb {gag {nuenaggb inogo{~gb endghgu$ {nuenaggb olbgq agb egigq$ {nuenaggb hnbls inflgqgb$ {nuenaggb vldg|gj qno{gq qlbffgd$ gqg~{~b ale~gq sncgug gcgi" Onqman inuhg indmo{mi onoldlil enenug{g indneljgb$ gbqgug dglb8 g" Onoelgsgigb slsvg ~bq~i eninuhgsgog sns~gl gsgs anomiugsl" e" Onbloe~digb slig{ imo{nqlql` |gbf snjgq agb s{muql`" c" F~u~ qlagi {nud~ onbfgvgsl {umsns endghgu sncgug lbalpla~gd$ snjlbffg dnelj n`lslnb" a" Ondgqlj slsvg ~bq~i jla~{ agdgo dlbfi~bfg dl bfi~bfgb b mufgblsgsl" Gag{~b enenug{g indnogjgb onqman inuhg indmo{mi$ gbqgug dglb8 g" ^bq~i onbag{gqigb {noegflgb gbffmqg indmo{mi |gbf m{qlogd$ f~u~ jgu~s onbfnd~guigb qnbgfg nisqug agdgo onoegfl indmo{mi" e" F~u~ h~fg jgu~s snigdlf~s ondgqlj slsvg enumufgblsgsl$ igunbg hlig qlagi$ ogig indmo{mi qlagi gigb ogo{~ eninuhg sncgug m{qlogd"
77
[UG [NBNDLQLGB 8 ‥ Onbnbq~igb {nuogsgdgjgb ‥ Onbf~o{~digb Onbf~o{~digb agqg gvgd qnbqgbf jgsld endghgu imfblql` Unbcgbg Qlbagigb
Un`dnisl
Mesnupgsl
Slid~s L
[ndgisgbgb Qlbagigb
Unbcgbg Qlbagigb
Un`dnisl
Slid~s LL
Mesnupgsl
[ndgisgbgb Qlbagigb
Unbcgbg Qlbagigb
Un`dnisl
Mesnupgsl
Slid~s LLL
[ndgisgbgb Qlbagigb
Lbaligqmu Qnucg{gl SNDNSGL
Fgoegu Slid~s [QI *Igsemddgj$ 7<<:-7<<< 8 6;,
75
J" ONQMAN [NBNDLQLGB 7" Omqman {nbndlqlgb
[nbndlqlgb lbl enusl`gq ondgi~igb {nuegligb {noendghgugb" Mdnj igunbg lq~ onqman |gbf algbffg{ qn{gq gagdgj onqman {nbndlqlgb qlbagigb indgs *gcqlmb unsnguj cdgss ummo,$ |gibl sq~al slsqnogqls |gbf aldgi~igb agdgo ~{g|g {nuegligb {ugiqli/{ugiqli {nbalaligb anbfgb ondgi~igb qlbagigb {ugiqls snuqg un{dnisl agul qlbagigb qnusne~q" *Igsemdgj I$ 7<<:871, Snagbfigb {nbanigqgb i~gdlqgql` |glq~ s~gq~ {nbndlqlgb |gbf onbagsguigb agul in{gag `giqg agb gbgdlsls {nuegbalbfgb$ enuq~h~gb ~bq~i ono{numdnj {nbno~gb |gbf slfbl`ligb sncgug m{ugslmbgd snjlbffg ag{gq alf~bgigb inqlig aldgisgbgigb aldgisgbgigb inelhgigb" Onqman [nbndlqlgb Qlbagigb Indgs agdgo egjgsg gsdlb|g gcqlmb unsngucj cdgss ummo$ |gbf aldgisgbgigb al SAB ;5 Cgagssgul enusl`gq {nuegligb {noendghgugb" [nuegligb {noendghgugb alogis~a gagdgj {nuegligb agdgo {nuendghugb L[S {mimi {mimi egjgsgb egjgsgb inbgo{gigb inbgo{gigb gdgo agb e~gqgb e~gqgb
al vldg|gj vldg|gj
Lbambnslg" Igunbg enusl`gq {nuegligb$ qnbq~ sghg {ndgisgbggb {noendghuggb qlagi jgb|g c~i~{ sgq~ igdl sghg$ ondglbigb al{nud~igb enu~dgbf/~dgbf agul slid~s |gbf sgq~ in slid~s enuli~qb|g$ snjlbffg jgsld {noendghggugb qnusne~q ag{gq m{qlogd"
73
5" Dmigsl {nbndlqlgb agb s~ehni
Iglqgb anbfgb {nbndlqlgb lbl$ {m{~dgslb|g alqnqg{igb 3; {nsnuqg alali |gbf a~a~i al Indgs P SAB ;5 Cgagssgul Incgogqgb Qnfgdvgu~ Ige~{gqnb [~uviguqg$ anbfgb ulbclgb dgil/dgil 76 agb {nuno{~gb 73" Gfgu
dnelj
dnbfig{b|g$
al{gbagbf
{nud~
~bq~i
onbf~bfig{igb
insnd~u~jgb slsvg |gbf snagbf onbloeg ldo~ al SAB ;5 Cgagssgul Qnfgdvgu~ – [~uvgiguqg qno{gq {nbndlqlgb$ |glq~ snegb|gi 5<> mugbf {nsnuqg alali$ qnualul 71> mugbf slsvg dgil/dgil$ agb7>; mugbf {nuno{~gb" Dnelj hndgsb|g alslogi {gag qgend enuli~q lbl QGEND INGAGGB SLSVG SAB M5 CGAGSSGUL QGJ^B [NDGHGUGB 5;;<-5;7; BM INDGS
DGIL/DGIL
[NUNO[^GB
H^ODGJ
7
L
53
5:
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5
LL
33
5:
07
3
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56
53
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1
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76
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*Ami~onb SAB ;5 Cgagssgul Incgogqgb Qnfgdvgu~ / [~uvgiguqg [~uvgiguqg 5;;<-5;7;, Inq8 (, Slsvg indgs P |gbf alhgaligb s~ehni {nbndlqlgb" S~oenu agqg {nbndlqlgb al{numdgj agul 8 g, s~ehni slsvg Indgs P SAB ;5 Cgaggul incgogqgb qnfgdvgu~ ige~{gqnb {~uvgiguqg$ e, f~u~ snegfgl {nbndlql" onugbfig{ {ugiqls$ f~u~/f~u~ olqug {nbndlqlgb |gbf al dgisgbgigb sncgug
71
imdgemugsl$ c, indgs snegfgl qno{gq enudgbfs~bf|g {umsns {noendghgugb$ a, sgugbg agb {ugsgugbg$ n, ami~onb/ami~onb ami~onb/ami~onb snildgs snegfgl {nb~bhgbf" 3"Lbsqu~onb |gbf al f~bgigb agdgo {nbndlqlgb lbl gagdgj 9 g, dnoegu vgvgbcgug$ e, dnoegu mesnupgsl$ c, dnoegu smgd$a,cgqgqgb/cgqgqgb dg{gbfgb$ n,`mqm inflgqgb {nbndlqlgb" 1"Qnibli gbgdlsls Sncgug fguls ensgu$ qnibli gbgdlsls agqg |gbf alf~bgigbagdgo alf~bgigbagdgo {nbndlqlgb lbl ondl{~ql 8g, {nbf~o{~dgb agqg e,pgdlalqgs agqg *qulgbf~dgsl$g~al qugld$ onoenu cjnci,$ c,lbqnu{unsqgsl agqg"
7>
L" SLSQNOGQLS [NBNDLQLGB
Dg{mugb lbl algvgdl anbfgb Ege [nbagj~d~gb$ agb algijlul anbfgb Ege Inslo{~dgb agb Unimonbagsl" Sncgug dnbfig{b|g gagdgj snegfgl enuli~q8 Ege 7 onu~{gigb Ege [nbagj~d~gb |gbf enulsligb8 g, dgqgu endgigbf ogsgdgj$ e, u~o~sgb ogsgdgj$ c, q~h~gb {nbndlqlgb$ a, ogb`ggq {nbndlqlgb$ n, idgul`ligsl imbsn{$ `, onqman {nbndlqlgb$ f, slsqnogqls {nbndlqlgb" Ege LL enulsligb
ighlgb qnmulqli |gbf |gbf enuiglqgb anbfgb qnmul/qnmul
onu~{gigb {noendghgugb [nbfnqgj~gb Smslgd |gbf onbff~bgigb onqman inuhg indmo{mi" Ege LLL$ onu~{gigb onqman {nbndlqlgb |gbbf enulsligb8 g, {nbanigqgb |gbf alf~bgigb$ e, onbnqg{igb s~oenu agqg agb hnbls agqg$ c, qnibli {nbf~o{~dgb agqg$ a, {nbnqg{gb lbsqu~onb {nbndlqlgb$ agb n, gbgdlsls agqg" Ege LP$ onu~{gigb {noegjgsgb jgsld ighlgb$ agb a gb Ege P enulsligb inslo{~dgb agb unimonbagsl"
70
H" GFNBAG [NBNDLQLGB Bm"
7 5 3 1
Bm"
7 5 3 1
Bm"
7 5 3 1
Inflgqgb
[nbfgh~gb {um{msgd Elbfelbfgb [nb~dlsgb bgsigj Ege L [nb~dlsgb Ege LL
Inflgqgb
[nb~dlsgb Bgsigj Ege L [nbf~o{~dgb Ege L [nbfmdgjgb Agqg
Inflgqgb
[nb~dlsgb Bgsigj Ege LLL [nb~dlsgb Ege LP [nb~dlsgb Ege P [nb|no{~ubggb Bgsigj
7 Z
Gf~sq~s 5 3 Z Z
1 Z
7
Z
Z
Z
5
3
1
Z
Z
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5
3
1
Z
Z
Z
7 Z
5 Z
3 Z Z Z
1
7
Z Z
Z
5 Z
3
1
Z
Z
1
Z Z
7 Z
Sn{qnoenu 5 3
7
Z Z
76
Z
Z
AG@QGU U^H^IGB
An{guqnonb [nbalaligb Bgslmbgd *5;;1,$ I~uli~d~o Enuegsls Imo{nqnbsl" An{guqnonb [nbalaligb Bgslmbgd Oma~d L[S LL$ Igse~ddgj *5;;3," [nbndlqlgb Qlbagigb Indgs$ Hgiguqg8 An{alibgs" Imbcgug$ Nig D" Guqlind Edmf9 Onqman Onbfghgu-[noendghgugb" jqq{8--imbcgug:3" edmfs{mq"cmo-5;;<-;<-onqman/onbfghgu/{noendghgugb"jqod" al{msqlbf 6 Sn{qnoenu 5;;<" Ogudlgbl$ Dlbag" *5;;<," [nbnug{gb Onqman Lbi~lul agdgo [noendghgugb L[G al SA ~bq~i Onblbfigqigb Jgsld Endghgu Slsvg {gag Imbsn{ Cgjg|g" Siul{sl S7 ^[L/[~uvgiguqg8 qlagi alqnuelqigb" B~ugnal *5;;6," [nbndlqlgb Qlbagigb"^[L8 Egba~bf Igse~dmj$ Igsljgbl" *7<:<-7<<<," [nbndlqlgb Qlbagigb Indgs" Hgiguqg8 An{alie~a Aluhnb [nuf~gu~gb Qlbfflm [um|ni [FSA" Un{~edli Lbambnslg" ^^ Bm" 5; Qgj~b 5;;3 qnbqgbf Slsqno [nbalaligb Bgslmbgd" Ul|gbqm \gqlo *5;;7," Onqnamdmfl [nbndlqlgb" S~ugeg|g8SLC Sga~ddmj$ ^"$ Umegbal$ E"$ O~jgugo$ G" *5;;6," [nagfmfli" Cl{qg ^qgog" Sgfgdg$ S|gl`~d" *5;;3," Imbsn{ agb Ogibg [noendghgugb" Egba~bf8 Gd`genqg"" S~ogbqul$ O" agb [nuogbg$ H" *7<<:-7<<<," Squgqnfl Endghgu Onbfghgu" An{guqnonb [nbalaligb agb Ine~ag|ggb" S~{guqlbl" *5;;:," J~e~bfgb Omqlpgsl Endghgu agb Jgsld Endghgu Slsvg al SOI Gd/Jlag|gj 7 Hgiguqg Sndgqgb" Siul{sl Sguhgbg [nbalaligb SQIL[ [~ubgog Hgiguqg8 Qlagi alqnuelqigb" S~qlibm$ O" S" *5;;:," Endghgu agb [noendghgugb" Egba~bf8 Egba~bf8 [ums{ncq" S|gj$ O~jleelb" *5;;0," [slimdmfl Endghgu" Hgiguqg8 [Q" Ughg Fug`lbam [nusgag" Vlbgqg{~qug$ ^alb S" *5;;>," Squgqnfl Endghgu Onbfghgu" Hgiguqg8 ^blpnuslqgs Qnue~ig
7:
