Proposal Penelitian Kanker Serviks

ILI N [EBALGUDULB

L" Dlqly Iedl`lbc [ebednqnlb @e}eglqlb oeyu{l`lb ilcnlb ~lbc }lbclq {ebqnbc aldlo `egnau{lb olbu}nl `lyebl oebhlan fl`qjy aldlo oebubhlbc }ecldl l`qnfnql} `egnau{lb olbu}nl" Ql{n qey`lalbc ilb~l` jylbc oebcliln`lb alb oebclbccl{ yeoeg l`nilq alyn {jdl `egnau{lb ~lbc anhldlbnb~l"   Guolb {l{ndjol vnyu} 'G[V. laldlg {eb~eili   cebnqld slyq} alb `lb`ey }eyvn`}" Ilb~l` jylbc ~lbc qeynbfe`}n qnal` oeondn`n cehldl$ }egnbccl `eilb~l`lb alyn oeye`l ieyjilq }eqedlg qeynbfe`}n G[V$ }eoul nbn an `lyebl`lb ol}~lyl`lq `uylbc oeondn`n nbfjyol}n alb `uylbc oesl}{laln vnyu} G[V" Cebnqld slyq}   hucl an`ebld }eilcln `uqnd `edlonb$ lqlu lmuonblql `jbandjol$ `jbandjol$ an}eili`lb jdeg vnyu}  {l{ndjol olbu}nl 'G[V." @uqnd nbn an}eili`lb jdeg G[V hebn} 6 alb << " G[V hebn} nbn qnal` oeoilgl~l`lb `nql ~lbc al{lq oeb~eili`lb `lb`ey$ bloub `eieylallbb~l }lbclq oeye}lg`lb alb oebcclbccu `nql" @lb`ey }eyvn`} lqlu qey`lalbc an}eiuq `lb`ey ouduq ylgno laldlg `lb`ey ~lbc qeyhlan {lal }eyvn` uqeyu}$ }ulqu ilcnlb {lal jyclb ye{yjau`}n slbnql ~lbc oeyu{l`lb {nbqu ol}u` `e lylg ylgno ~lbc qeydeql` anlbqlyl ylgno alb dnlbc }ebcclol" @lb`ey }eyvn`} oeyu{l`lb {eb~eili uqlol `eolqnlb `lb`ey {lal {eyeo{ulb an Nbajbe}nl" Gld qey}eiuq an}eili`lb

<

`lyebl ol~jynql} {ebaeynql alqlbc ubqu` ieyjilq `eqn`l `elallb {eb~l`nqb~l }ualg }qlanuo dlbhuq" Ubqu` nqu$ {eoeyn`}llb `e}eglqlb }lbclqdlg {ebqnbc" Lal{ub cehldl/cehldl ~lbc qnoiud lbqlyl dlnb gndlbcb~l blf}u ol`lb$   {ebuyublb ieylq ilalb ~lbc ayl}qn}$ }eyql `e{uqnglb ~lbc ieydeinglb }eyql   iey`edlbhuqlb alb ieyilu iu}u`" Lalb~l mlnylb `e`ubnbclb an}e`nqly lyel cebnqld hucl in}l oebhlan cehldl lalb~l nbfe`}n G[V" Indl cehldl/cehldl nqu oubmud$ }eiln`b~l }eceyl oeoeyn`}l`lb anyn `e aj`qey ubqu` {eblbclblb deing dlbhuq"

I"

ulbc Y ulbc

Dnbc`u{ @ecnlqlb [ebednqnlb nbn }l~l dl`u`lb aebclb oebeoun }ldlg }lqu {ebaeynql

`lb`ey }eyvn`} ~lbc ieylal an `jql ]lolynbal"

M" Quhulb [ebednqnlb [ebednqnlb oebcebln ½]quan Oebcebln @lb`ey ]eyvn`}$ [eb~l`nq [eoiubug Bjojy Aul An Aubnl± nbn oeondn`n ieieyl{l quhulb" Lal{ub quhulb alyn {ebednqnlb nbn laldlg 8 <" Ubqu` oebceqlgun nbfjyol}n anbn qebqlbc nbfe`}n vnyu} G[V0 9" Ubqu` oebceqlgun cehldl/cehldl ~lbc anqnoiud`lb alyn vnyu} G[V0 =" Ubqu` oebceqlgun alo{l` ~lbc anqnoiud`lb0 alb 1" Mlyl oeblbclbn nbfe`}n vnyu} G[V"

9

A" @ecubllb [ebednqnlb ]edlnb quhulb/quhulb ~lbc qedlg an}eiuq`lb }eieduob~l$ {ebednqnlb nbn   hucl oeondn`n `ecubllb ~lbc al{lq oeoilbqu ol}~lyl`lq" Lal{ub `ecubllb {ebednqnlb nbn laldlg 8 <" Oeb~laly`lb ol}~lyl`lq qebqlbc cehldl/cehldl ~lbc qnoiud alyn nbfe`}n vnyu} G[V" 9" Oeoieynqlgu {eoilml qebqlbc alo{l` {eb~l`nq `lb`ey }eyvn`}" =" Oeoieyn qlgu {eoilml qebqlbc mlyl/mlyl {ebmeclglb alb mlyl/mlyl  {ebcjilqlb alyn nbfe`}n vnyu} G[V" 1" ]eilcln ilglb nbfjyol}n ilcn {ebednqn {ebe dnqn }edlbhuqb~l"

E" ]n}qeolqn`l [ebudn}lb [yj{j}ld {ebednqnlb nbn an`eoilbc`lb aldlo = ili$ ~lnqu 8 ILI N

[ebalgudulb ~lbc qeyanyn alyn8 Dlqly Iedl`lbc [ebednqnlb$ [ebednqnlb$ ulbc Y ulbc

Dnbc`u{ [ebednqnlb$ Quhulb [ebednqnlb$ @ecubllb

[ebednqnlb$ alb ]n}qeolqn`l [ebudn}lb" ILI NN

Al}ly Qejyn ~lbc qeyanyn alyn8 alb Aefnbn}n @jb}e{}njbld"

ILI NNN

Oeqjajdjcn [ebednqnlb ~lbc qeyanyn alyn8 Aefnbn}n J{eyl}njbld$ Oeqjae

[ebednqnlb$

[j{udl}n

alb

]lo{ed$

Qe`bn` 

[ebcuo{udlb Alql$ Qe`bn` Lbldn}n} Alql$ alb Hlasld [ebednqnlb"

=

ILI NN AL]LY  QEJY N

L" Aefnbn}n @lb`ey  Oebuyuq @lou} Ie}ly Ilgl}l Nbajbe}nl$ {ebceyq nlb alyn `lb`ey  laldlg ½{eb~l`nq ~lbc an}eili`lb jdeg `eqnal`qeylquylb {eyhldlblb gjyojb ~lbc oebcl`nilq`lb quoiubgb~l alcnbc {lal hlynbclb quiug~lbc bjyold0 <

quojy clbl}± " @lb`ey l`lb oebcl`nilq`lb alcnbc quoiug$ alcnbc ~lbc quoiug nqu an}eiuq aebclb quojy" Quojy laldlg iebhjdlb qnal` bjyold l`nilq alyn {eyquoiuglb }ed/}ed ~lbc qeyu} q eyu} oebeyu}" Quojy qeyilcn 9$ ~lnqu quojy hnbl`$ alb quojy clbl}"

I" Hebn}/Hebn} @lb`ey Qeyilb~l` an Nbajbe}nl Lal <; hebn} `lb`ey ~lbc {ldnbc ilb~l` anaeynql jdeg ol}~lyl`lq Nbajbe}nl$ `e/<; hebn} `lb`ey nqu laldlg8 <" @lb`ey ]eyvn`} 9" @lb`ey [l~ualyl =" @lb`ey @edebhly Ceqlg Iebnbc 1" @lb`ey @udnq

<

gqq{8**sss"`lou}ilgl}lnbajbe}nl"jyc*

1

5" @lb`ey Bl}jflynbc 6" @lb`ey Jvlynuo 3" @lb`ey Y e`quo e`quo 7" @lb`ey Hlynbclb Dubl`  >" @lb`ey @edebhly Cjbaj`  <;" @lb`ey U}u} Ie}ly 

M" [eyol}ldlglb @lb`ey An Nbajbe}nl [eyol}ldlglb `lb`ey an Nbajbe}nl ~lbc }lbclq oebmjdj` laldlg   {ebceqlgulb l`lb {eb~l`nq nbn ol}ng }lbclq onbno" Ieyal}ly`lb gl}nd   {ebednqnlb }l~l$ ilgsl 7;% {eyeo{ulb an Nbajbe}nl qnal` oebceyqn l{l `ecubllb

Mgem`

U{ `lb`ey }eyvn`}" Alb glb~l <<"5% ~lbc oebceyqn

`ecubllb mgem` u{ qey}eiuq" Gld nbn }lbclq an}l~lbc`lb qeyuqlol `lyebl   {eb~l`nq nbn qeyol}u` {eb~l`nq ~lbc {ldnbc ilb~l` anaeynql {eyeo{ulb an aubnl" Anilbanbc`lb aebclb beclyl dlnb$ {ebceqlgulb qebqlbc `e}eglqlb an Nbajbe}nl ol}ng }ean`nq }e`ldn" 3;% {ebaeynql alqlbc ubqu` ieyjilq {lal }qlanuo ~lbc }ualg dlbhuq$ }ealbc`lb an He{lbc glb~l <=% ~lbc alqlbc ubqu` ieyjilq {lal }qlanuo ~lbc dlbhuq" Ieieyl{l {eb~eili `eqeydloilqlb {ebaeynql ubqu` {eycn ieyjilq laldlg8 <" [ebaeynql qnal` lqlu `uylbc oebceyqn l`lb ilgl~l `lb`ey qey}eiuq0 9"

l}l Y l}l

ql`uq l`lb anj{eyl}n0

=" [eyml~l {lal jilq/jilqlb qylan}njbld lqlu{ub `e{lal au`ub0 1" Fl`qjy e`jbjon e`jbj on""

5

A" Cehldl/Cehldl @lb`ey ]eyvn`} Lal{ub cehldl/cehldl alyn `lb`ey }eyvn`} laldlg }eilcln ieyn`uq8 <" [ebalylglb }eqedlg }ebcclol 9" [ebalylglb }{jbqlb ~lbc q eyhlan lbqlyl {eynjae oeb}qyul}n yuqnb =" Qnoiudb~l `e{uqnglb ~lbc ieymlo{uy aebclb alylg alb ieyilu iu}u`  1"  B~eyn {lbccud alb clbcculb lqlu ilg`lb qnal` in}l iulbc lny `emnd 5"  B~eyn `eqn`l ieyguiubclb }e`}uld

E" Alo{l` ^lbc Anqnoiud`lb Jdeg @lb`ey ]eyvn`} ] eyvn`} Alo{l` ~lbc al{lq anqnoiud`lb `lb`ey }eyvn`} {lal {eyeo{ulb }lbclq ilb~l`$ an`lyebl`lb `l}u} `lb`ey }eyvn`} qeyilb~l` oubmud {lal }llq {eyeo{ulb ieylal aldlo u}nl {yjau`qnf ~lnqu lbqlyl =;/5; qlgub" Alo{l` ~lbc al{lq anqnoiud`lb laldlg8 <" Clbcculb `uldnql} gnau{ l" [}n`n}  i" Fn}n`  m" @e}eglqlb }e`}uld 9" Alo{l` }j}nld alb e`jbjon =" [ebclyug `e{lal {eylslqlb$ {ebanan`lb lbl`$ alb }ul}lbl `egnau{lb `edulycl"

F" [ebmeclglb Nbfe`}n Vnyu} G[V Qnal` lal mlyl ~lbc oualg ubqu` oebceqlgun l{l`lg }e}ejylbc qeynbfe`}n G[V" Jylbc ~lbc qnal` oebubhu``lb qlbal lqlu cehldl nbfe`}n G[V qeql{ al{lq oebudly`lb nbfe`}nb~l" @jbajo qnal` oebmeclg {ebudlylb G[V }emlyl `e}eduyuglb" Vnyu} nbn al{lq oebudly oedldun guiubclb dlbc}ubc aebclb aleylg `udnq ~lbc qeynbfe`}n ~lbc qnal` andn{uqn jdeg

6

`jbajo"

Dl`n/dl`n alb {eyeo{ulb ~lbc l`qnf }emlyl }e`}uld oubc`nb }eiln`b~l oedl`u`lb qe} [l{ }emlyl iey`ldl {lal vlcnbl alb*lqlu auiuy ubqu` oebmlyn }ed ~lbc libjyold lqlu qlbal lsld `uqnd" Gl}nd {j}nqnf al{lq anqnbal`dlbhuqn ubqu` oebceqlgun l{l`lg {ebcjilqlb aniuqug`lb" Vl`}nb ieyblol Clyal}nd ubqu` oebmeclg ieieyl{l hebn} G[V an}equhun an L] {lal 9;;6" [lal 9;;>$ }ehebn} vl`}nb dlnb$ Meyvlynw$ an}equhun" Vl`}nb nbn }eiln`b~l an{l`ln {lal jylbc }eieduo oeye`l oebhlan l`qnf  }emlyl }e`}uld" Bloub vl`}nb qey}eiuq ieduo anuhn mjil lqlu an}equhun ubqu`  jylbc qeydlbhuy qeynbfe`}n G[V" Qe} [l{ al{lq oebeou`lb {eyquoiuglb }ed ~lbc qnal` bjyold {lal degey ylgno" Qe} nbn hucl al{lq an{l`ln ubqu` oeoeyn`}l auiuy dl`n/dl`n alb   {eyeo{ulb" Sldlu{ub qe} [l{ qlo{l`b~l mlyl qeyiln` ubqu` oebeou`lb `lb`ey degey ylgno }emlyl anbn$ {eoeyn`}llb fn}n` aebclb glqn/glqn oubc`nb laldlg mlyl qeyiln` ubqu` oebeou`lb `lb`ey auiuy" Qlbal nbfe`}n G[V ¼ `uqnd lqlu an}{dl}nl ¼ }eiln`b~l anjilqn }e}eceyl oubc`nb }eqedlg anaeqe`}n" @ldlu qnal`$ ol}ldlg al{lq oebhlan deing ie}ly alb deing oubc`nb `loiug }eqedlg anjilqn" ½Oebmeclg deing iln` alyn{lal oebcjilqn±$ ldlbc`lg iln`b~l l{lindl `nql oedl`u`lb {ebmeclglb }eilcln ieyn`uq8 <" Hlcl `e}eglqlb alb al~l qlglb quiug aebclb mlyl `jb}uo}n ol`lblb  ieycnxn" Hldlbn {jdl gnau{ }eglq$ {eyilb~l` ol`lb ol`lblb ~lbc ilb~l`  oebclbaubc vnqlonb L$ M$ alb E }eyql ll}lo fjdlq ubqu` oebcuylbcn ye}n`j `lb`ey }eyvn`}" 9" ]eieduo oebcculbl`lb qjndeq uouo$ }edldu iey}ng`lb ininy `dj}eq aebclb ld`jgjd" Hlbclb oeoiey}ng`lb ilcnlb cebnqld aebclb lny `jqjy"

3

=" Gnbalyn guiubclb }e`} an u}nl anbn" Gnbalyn ieyguiubclb ilalb aebclb  ilb~l` {lyqbey `lyebl G[V oebudly oedldun guiubclb }e`}uld" Gnbalyn  ieyguiubclb }ew }edlol ol}l glna*oeb}qyul}n" glna*oeb}qyu l}n" 1" Gnbalyn oeyj`j`$ `lyebl {ebccubllb qeoil`lu al{lq oeb~eili`lb `lb`ey" 5"

Y uqnb uqnb

oedl`u`lb }myeebnbc ieyu{l {l{ }oely lqlu NVL ubqu` aeqe`}n

`lb`ey }eyvn`} }emlyl anbn" 6" Vl`}nbl}n al{lq andl`u`lb {lal {eyeo{ulb u}nl <;/55 qlgub aebclb   hlasld }ubqn`lb }eilb~l` = `ldn$ ~lnqu {lal iudlb ;$ < alb 6" Vl`}nb G[V l`lb oebnbc`lq`lb al~l noub lbl` }egnbccl deing ye}n}qlb qeyglal{ vnyu}" 3" Ubqu` {ebmeclglb anbn in}l in}l oebc`jb}uo}n WLOQGJBE [DU] ~lbc oeyu{l`lb e`}qyl` `udnq iulg olbccn}" Wloqgjbe oebclbaubc xlq }u{ey lbqnj`}nalb iu`lb glb~l nqu wloqgjbe {du} hucl oebclbaubc ½WLBQGJBE± ~lbc oeondn`n }nflq lbqn `lb`ey" Wloqgjbe hucl iey}nflq lbqn {yjdnfeyl}n ubqu` oebcgloilq {eyquoiuglb `lb`ey alb iey}nflq l{j{qj}n} ~lbc oebau`ubc {ebclglbmuylb }ed `lb`ey"

C" [ebcjilqlb Nbfe`}n Vnyu} G[V Ieduo lal {ebcjilqlb dlbc}ubc ubqu` nbfe`}n G[V" ]n}qeo `e`eildlb quiug al{lq ½oeoieylbql}± 'ldnl} oeb~eoiug`lb. nbfe`}n G[V"  Bloub jylbc qey}eiuq al{lq qeyqudly dlcn" An}{dl}nl alb `uqnd al{lq anmliuq" Lal ieieyl{l mlyl ubqu` oedl`u`lb nbn8 Oeoil`lyb~l aebclb hlyuo dn}qyn` '`luqeyn}l}n dn}qyn`. lqlu dl}ey" Oeoie`u`lbb~l aebclb bnqyjceb mlny" Oeojqjbcb~l }emlyl iealg" Oebcjilqnb~l aebclb xlq `nonl" L}lo qyn`djyl}eqn` 'QML. efe`qnf ubqu`   ieieyl{l jylbc"

7

[ebcjilqlb dlnb ~lbc `uylbc dlxno ubqu` `uqnd qeyol}u` jilq 5/FU '5/fdujyjuyl}nd. alb nbqeyfeyjb ldfl" 5/FU ieyiebqu` `yno" ]ulqu jilq ilyu$ ~lnqu non`unoja$ an}equhun an L] ubqu` oebcjilqn `uqnd `edlonb" ]najfjvny$ ~lbc l}dnb~l an`eoilbc`lb ubqu` oebcjilqn vnyu} }nqjoecldj 'MOV. oubc`nb hucl al{lq oeoilbqu oeoeylbcn G[V" Nbfe`}n G[V al{lq ieyqlglb dlol$ qeyuqlol {lal jylbc qeynbfe`}n GNV" An}{dl}nl alb `uqnd al{lq `loiug" [eb~l`nq nbn }eiln`b~l anjilqn }e}eceyl oubc`nb ubqu` oebcuylbcn `eoubc`nblb {eb~eilylb lqlu `loiug"

G" Fl`qjy Y e}n`j e}n`j @lb`ey  Fl`qjy/fl`qjy ~lbc oeo{ebclyugn ye}n`j `lb`ey }eyvn`} lal dlg8 <" U}nl 9"

l} Y l}

lqlu }u`u

=" @equyublb {ebaeynql `lb`ey  1" [jdl gnau{ ~lbc qnal` iln`  l" Oldl} ieyjdlgylcl  i" @jb}uo}n ol`lblb f   ol`lblb f  l}q  f    f  jja lqlu jja lqlu me{lq }lhn m" Onbuo/onbuolb iey`lfenb alb ieyld`jgjd a" Oeyj`j` 

N" Aefnbn}n @jb}e{}njbld Aefnbn}n `jb}e{}njbld laldlg aefnbn}n qebqlbc huaud" Aefnbn}n `jb}e{}njbld qebqlbc ½]quan Oebcebln @lb`ey ]eyvn`}$ [eb~l`nq [eoiubug  Bjojy Aul An Aubnl±$ ~lnqu }eilcln ieyn`uq8 l"

]quan

8 [ebednqnlb ndonlg

 i"

Oebcebln 8 [eyngld

>

m"

@lb`ey

8

[eb~l`nq

~lbc

an}eili`lb

jdeg

`eqnal`qeylquylb

  {eyhldlblb gjyojb ~lbc oebcl`nilq`lb quoiubgb~l alcnbc {lal hlynbclb quiug ~lbc bjyold a"

]eyvn`}

8

Ouduq Ouduq ylgno

e"

[eb~l`nq

8 Clbcculb `e}eglqlb ~lbc an}eili`lb jdeg il`qeyn$ vnyu}$ lqlu `edlnblb }n}qeo flqld lqlu hlynbclb {lal jyclb quiug

f"

[eoiubug 8 Ldlq ubqu` oeoiubug

c"   Bjojy

8 [eynbc`lq lqlu uyuqlb

g"

Aul

8 Lbc`l aldlo {ebjojylb

n"

An

8 [ye{j}n}n {ebubhu` qeo{lq

 h"

Aubnl

8 Ubnvey}ld$ qeo{lq `nql qnbccld

Hlan$ al{lq an}no{ud`lb ilgsl ½]quan Oebcebln @lb`ey ]eyvn`}$ [eb~l`nq [eoiubug Bjojy Aul An Aubnl± laldlg {ebednqnlb ndonlg {eyngld [eb~l`nq ~lbc an}eili`lb jdeg `eqnal`qeylquylb {eyhldlblb gjyojb ~lbc oebcl`nilq`lb quoiubgb~l alcnbc {lal hlynbclb quiug ~lbc bjyold alb oeyu{l`lb ldlq {eoiubug uyuqlb `e aul an qeo{lq qe o{lq `nql qnbccld"

<;

ILI NNN OEQJAJDJCN [EBEDNQNLB

L" Aefnbn}n J{eyl}njbld Aefnbn}n j{eyl}njbld nldlg }ulqu aefnbn}n ~lbc anal}ly`lb {lal `lyl`qeyn}qn` ~lbc al{lq anji}eyvl}n alyn l{l ~lbc }ealbc anaefnbn}n`lb lqlu oebcuilg `jb}e{/`jb}e{ ~lbc ieyu{l `jb}qyu` aebclb `lql/`lql ~lbc oebccloily`lb {eyndl`u lqlu cehldl ~lbc al{lq anlolqn alb ~lbc al{lq anuhn alb anqebqu`lb `eieblylbb~l jdeg jylbc dlnb" [ebednqnlb qebqlbc ½]quan Oebcebln @lb`ey ]eyvn`}$ [eb~l`nq [eoiubug Bjojy Aul An Aubnl± al{lq anuhn `eieblylbb~l oedldun vlynlied nban`lqjy }eilcln ieyn`uq 8 <" [eb~eili {eb~l`nq `lb`ey  l" @equyublb  i" U}nl m"

j`j`  Y j`j` 

a" @lfenb e" Ld`jgjd f" @uylbc jdlgylcl 9" Cehldl/cehldl {eb~l`nq `lb`ey  =" Alo{l` {eb~l`nq `lb`ey  1" [ebmeclglb {eb~l`nq `lb`ey  5" [ebcjilqlb {eb~l`nq `lb`ey 

<<

I" Oeqjae [ebednqnlb Oeqjae {ebednqnlb laldlg mlyl ndonlg ubqu` oebcuo{ud`lb alql aebclb quhulb alb `ecubllb qeyqebqu" Oeqjae/oeqjae ~lbc ancubl`lb aldlo  {ebednqnlb nbn laldlg oeqjae `jo{lylqnf alb oeqjae ae}`yn{qnf" Oeqjae

`jo{lylqnf

laldlg

oeqjae

~lbc

ancubl`lb

ubqu` 

oeoilbanbc`lb lbqlyl alql ~lbc audu aebclb alql ~lbc }e`lylbc" Ldl}lb ancubl`lb oeqjae `jo{lylqnf `lyebl {ebednqn nbcnb oeoilbanbc`lb cehldl/ cehldl {eb~l`nq `lb`ey alb cehldl/cehldl {eb~l`nq dlnb" ]ealbc`lb oeqjae ae}`yn{qnf laldlg oeqjae ~lbc oebccloily`lb }eoul alql ~lbc `eouanlb anlbldn}n} alb anilbanbc`lb ieyal}ly`lb `eb~lqllb ~lbc }ealbc ieydlbc}ubc alb }edlbhuqb~l oebmjil ubqu`  oeoieyn`lb {eoemlglb ol}ldlgb~l" [ebednqn oebccubl`lb oeqjae nbn `lyebl {eb~l`nq `lb`ey {eydu anlbldn}n} alyn ieyilcln olmlo }uauq {lbalbc" Jdeg `lyebl nqu$ {ebednqn oebccubl`lb oeqjae `jo{lylqnf alb oeqjae ae`}yn{qnf"

M" [j{udl}n alb ]lo{ed [j{udl}n laldlg `e}eduyuglb ji~e` {ebednqnlb }eilcln }uoiey alql" Ieyal}ly`lb {ebednqnlb qebqlbc ½]quan Oebcebln @lb`ey ]eyvn`}$ [eb~l`nq [eoiubug Bjojy Aul An Aubnl±$ ol`l ~lbc oebhlan {j{udl}nb~l laldlg }eduyug {ebauau` an aubnl" ]ealbc`lb$ }lo{ed laldlg }eilcnlb alyn `e}eduyuglb jihe`    {ebednqnlb" Ol`l$ }lo{ed alyn {ebednqnlb nbn laldlg ieieyl{l {ebaeynql `lb`ey }eyvn`} ~lbc ieylal a n ]lolynbal"

<9

A" Qe`bn` [ebcuo{udlb Alql Aldlo {eb~u}ublb {yj{j}ld {ebednqnlb nbn }l~l oebccubl`lb 9 qe`bn` {ebcuo{udlb alql" ^lbc {eyqlol laldlg qe`bn` {ebcuo{udlb alql slslbmlyl" ]l~l oeslslbmlyln }ejylbc blyl}uoiey ~lbc oebhlan }ldlg }lqu {ebaeynql `lb`ey }eyvn`}$ ~lbc ieyldlolq an Hldlb Ouqnlyl" ]l~l hucl oebccubl`lb qe`bn` {ebcuo{udlb alql }quan {u}ql`l" Aldlo qe`bn` nbn }l~l oeo{eyjdeg ieyilcln nbfjyol}n alyn ieieyl{l iu`u$ alb ieieyl{l }nqu} an nbqeybeq"

E"

Qe`bn` Lbldn}n} Alql Aldlo oebclbldn}n} alql$ {ebednqn oebccubl`lb ieyilcln olmlo

qe`bn`" Qe`bn`/qe`bn` qey}eiuq lbqlyl dlnb 8 <" @dl}nfn`l}n @dl}nfn`l}n nldlg qe`bn` oebclbldn}n} alql aebclb mlyl oebcedjo{j``lb alql `e aldlo `dl}eoeb alql ol}nbc/ol}nbc" Ldl}lb {ebednqn oebccubl`lb qe`bn` nbn `lyebl `nql al{lq aebclb oualg oebcebld ieyilcln olmlo alql" 9" Lbldn}n} Ae}`yn{qnf  Lbldn}n} ae}`yn{qnf laldlg qe`bn` oebclbldn}n} alql ~lbc oeoieyn`lb cloilylb

aebclb

hedl}

ol`bl

alyn

nban`lqjy/nban`lqjy

~lbc

lal$

oeoilbanbc`lb alb oebcguiubc`lb lbqlyl nban`lqjy ~lbc }lqu aebclb nban`lqjy dlnb" Ldl}lb {ebednqn oebccubl`lb qe`bn` nbn `lyebl alql l`lb anilbanbc`lb alb anguiubc`lb lbqlyl nban`lqjy ~lbc }lqu aebclb ~lbc dlnb" =" [eoilgl}lb [eoilgl}lb nldlg qe`bn` oebclbldn}n} alql aebclb mlyl oeoilgl} }eoul alql ~lbc qedlg an`uo{ud`lb ubqu` oebcgl}nd`lb `e}no{udlb" Ldl}lb

<=

 {ebednqn oebccubl`lb qe`bn` nbn `lyebl `nql al{lq oebceqlgun l{l }lhl ~lbc }ualg `nql al{lq alb anilgl} ubqu` anmlyn {ey}lollb alb {eyieallbb~l" 1" @e}no{udlb @e}no{udlb nldlg qe`bn` oebclbldn}n} alql anolbl alql ~lbc qedlg anilgl} l`lb an}no{ud`lb" Ldl}lb {ebednqn oebccubl`lb qe`bn` nbn `lyebl aebclb qe`bn` nbn$ alql/alql ~lbc qedlg lal an}no{ud`lb ubqu` oebal{lq`lb fl`ql" F"

Hlasld [ebednqnlb Ilcnlb nbn l`lb oeoilgl} qebqlbc yebmlbl `ecnlqlb {ebednqnlb" Lal{ub

sl`qu ~lbc an{eydu`lb }eilcln ieyn`uq 8 Oeb~u}ub `jb}e{

9 glyn

[ebmlynlb yefeyeb}n

9 glyn

Oeb~u}ub {yj{j}ld

= glyn

evn}n Y evn}n

< glyn

{yj{j}ld

[ebednqnlb

1 glyn

Hlan$ `e}no{udlbb~l laldlg an{eydu`lb sl`qu }edlol <9 glyn ubqu`  oeb~ede}ln`lb {yj{j}ld {ebednqnlb nbn" Anoudln alyn {eb~u}ublb `jb}e{ gnbccl }eqedlg {ebednqnlb"

<1

ALFQLY  [U]QL@L

Bjved ]nbql ]l}n`l $ @lb`ey ]eyvn`} alb Nbfe`}n G[V " Hlvl Oeanl Beqsjy`$ 9;;3"

gqq{8**na"sn`n{eanl"jyc gqq{8**`uo{udlb"nbfj gqq{8**sss"nbfj{eb~l`nq"mjo gqq{8**mlbmeymlyenbajbe}nl"mjo gqq{8**na"}gvjjbc"mjo*oeanmnbe/lba/geldqg* gqq{8**na"}gvjjbc"mjo*oeanmnbe/lba/geldqg*e{naeonjdjc~/{uidnm/ge e{naeonjdjc~/{uidnm/geldqg*99=>17=/{eydu/ ldqg*99=>17=/{eydu/ lbal/`eqlgun/qebqlbc/`lb`ey*  gqq{8**ji}qeqyncnbe`jdjcn"mjo*lyqn`ed* gqq{8**ji}qeqyncnbe`jdjc n"mjo*lyqn`ed* {ebednqnlb+`lb`ey+}ey {ebednqnlb+`lb`ey+}eyvn`}+{lal+qlgub+9;<<"gqod  vn`}+{lal+qlgub+9;<<"gqod  gqq{8**eosehe"mjo*mlyl/oebmeclg/`lb`ey/}eyvn`}*  gqq{8**na/na"flmeijj`"mjo*bjqe"{g{:bjqeZna?<;67=31<>=5<367 gqq{8**nbfj{l}uqyn"sjya{ye}}"mjo*9;<<*;=*97 gqq{8**nbfj{l}uqyn"sjya{ye}}"mjo*9;<<*;=*97*fl`ql/~lbc/glyu}/lbal/`eqlgun/qe *fl`ql/~lbc/glyu}/lbal/`eqlgun/qebqlbc/ bqlbc/ `lb`ey/}eyvn`}*  gqq{8**`lou}ilgl}lnbajbe}nl"jyc*  [u}lq Ilgl}l" @lou} Ie}ly Ilgl}l Nbajbe}nl " Hl`lyql 8 Ildln [u}ql`l$

9;;9$

Meql`lb NNN$

<=7< gld"

<5