PRÀCTICA N° 11: OBSERVACIÓN DE ELEMENTOS FORMES DE LA SANGRE

UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA SAN JUAN BAUTISTA FACULT ACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA L A SALUD SALUD ESCUELA ESCUEL A DE MEDICINA HUMANA CURSO DE BIOLOGIA CELULAR Y MOLECULAR

PRÀCTICA N° 11 OBSERV OBSER VACIÓN DE ELEMENTOS ELEMEN TOS FORMES DE LA SANGRE

I.  INTRODUCCIÒN: La prese!e pr"#!$#a !ra!are%&s s&'re (&s E(e%e!&s )&r%es *e (a sa+re #,-& &'e!$/& es re#&&#er - *$)ere#$ar (&s !$p&s *e #0(,(as 1,e se e#,e!ra e (a sa+re. Vere% ere%&s &s (&s *$s! *$s!$ $!& !&ss !$p& !$p&ss *e (e,# (e,#&#$ &#$!& !&ss !a(e !a(ess #&%& #&%& (as (as p(a1 p(a1,e ,e!a !ass 2e, 2e,!r !r34 34(& (&s2 s2 %&& %&&#$ #$!& !&ss 25e% 25e%a! a!6e 6ess 2'as 2'as34 34(& (&ss 2($ 2($)& )&#$ #$!& !&s2 s2 e!r e!re e &!r &!r&s .Par .Para a !&*& !&*& es!& es!& ,!$( ,!$($7 $7ar are% e%&s &s e( #&(&ra!e 8r$+5! 2*e #&(&r /$&(e!a 2#& (a 4a($*a* *e )a#$($!ar (as &'ser/ &'ser/a#$ a#$3 3 *e *$)er *$)ere e!es !es #0(,(a #0(,(ass sa+, sa+,6e 6eas as .Es!& .Es!& (& ((e/ar ((e/are%& e%&ss a( %$#r&s# %$#r&s#&p$ &p$& & a+re+a a+re+a*& *& a#e$!e a#e$!e *e $%ers $%ers$3 $3 para as6 ,!$($7ar , (e!e *e %a-&r a,%e!& 29; 2- as6  p&*e%&s &'ser/ar #& $!$*e7 (a #0(,(as sa+,6eas.

II. OBJETIVOS   OBJETIVOS

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De!er%$ar (a prese#$a *e e(e%e!&s 4+,ra*&s prese!es e ,a %,es!ra *e sa+re per$)0r$#a 5,%aa2 %e*$a!e e( ,s& *e ,a #&(&ra#$3 *$)ere#$a(. O'ser/ar (a prese#$a *e <#(e&s e s, $!er$&r.

III.MARCO III.MAR CO TEÒRICO La sa+re es ,a *$spers$3 #&(&$*a(: e( p(as%a represe!a s, )ase #&!$,a - =,$*a> - (&s e(e%e!&s )&r%es2 (a )ase *$spersa *e( s$s!e%a e )&r%a *e pe1,e?&s #&rp
C&%& C&%& !&*& !&*& !e$ !e$*& *&22 (a sa+ sa+rre se #&%p #&%p& &e e *e #0(, #0(,(a (ass - #&%p #&%p& &e e!e !ess e;!r e;!ra# a#e( e(,( ,(ar ares es s, s, %a!r %a!r$7 $7 e;!r e;!ra# a#e( e(,( ,(ar ar2 2 es!a es!ass *&s *&s )ra# )ra##$ #$& &es es !$s, !$s,(a (arres /$e /$ee e repr eprese ese!a !a*a *ass p&r p&r:L&s :L&s e(e% e(e%e e!& !&ss )&r )&r%es %es 2 s& s& e(e% e(e%e e!& !&ss se% se%$s3( $s3($* $*&s &s par!$#,(a par!$#,(a*&s *&s #&rp - e( p(a p(as%a sa+ sa+,6 ,6e e&2 &2 , =,$* =,$*& & !ras !ras(< (<#$ #$*& *& - a%a a%ar$(( r$((e e!& !& 1,e 1,e represe!a (a %a!r$7 e;!ra#e(,(ar (61,$*a e (a 1,e es!" s,sp s,spe e*$* *$*&s &s (&s e(e% e(e%e e!& !&ss )&r )&r%es. %es. L&s L&s e(e% e(e%e e!& !&ss )&r%es #&s!$!,-e a(re*e*&r a(re*e*&r *e ,  *e (a sa+re. E( &!r& &!r& es! es!" " repr represe ese!a !a*& *& p&r e( p(as%a p(as%a sa+, sa+,6e 6e& & )ra## )ra##$3 $3 a#e(, a#e(,(ar (ar.L .L&s &s e(e%e e(e%e!& !&ss )&r%es )&r%es *e (a sa+r sa+re e s& /ar$a /ar$a*&s *&s e !a%a?&2 es!r,#!,ra - ),#$32 se a+r,pa e:  

Las célu células las sang sanguín uíneas eas2 1,e 1,e s& s& (&s (&s +(3' +(3',( ,(&s &s '(a#&s & (e,#&#$!&s2 #0(,(as 1,e es!" *e pas& p&r p&r (a sa+ sa+rre para para #,%p #,%p($ ($rr s, ),# ),#$3 $3  e &!r &!r&s !e$*&s> - (&s *er$/a*&s #0(,(ares2 #0(,(ares2 1,e & s& #0(,(as es!r$# es!r$#!a% !a%e! e!e e s$& s$& )ra+%e )ra+%e!& !&ss #e(,(a #e(,(are res2 s2 es!" es!" repr represe ese!a !a*&s *&s p&r (&s er$!r er$!r&#$! &#$!&s &s - (as p(a1,e p(a1,e!as !as22 s$e s$e*& *& (&s (&s <$# <$#&s &s #&%p #&%p& &e e!e !ess sa+ sa+,6 ,6e& e&ss 1,e 1,e #,%p(e #,%p(e  s,s ),#$& ),#$&es es es!r$# es!r$#!a% !a%e! e!e e *e!r *e!r& & *e( espa#$& /as#,(ar. Pr$%ar$a%e!e se *es#r$'$r" (&s *er$/a*&s #e(,(ares2 e se+,*& (,+ar (&s (e,#&#$!&s2 - (,e+& e( p(as%a sa+,6e& ERITROCITOS

L&s er$!r&#$!&s2 er$!r&#$!&s2 !a%'$0 ((a%a*&s +(3',(&s r&&s & 5e %a!6es2 s&(&s e(e%e!&s )&r%es#,a!$!a!$/a%e!e )&r%es#,a!$!a!$/a%e!e %"s ,%er&s&s *e (a sa+re.La 5e%&+(&'$a 5e%&+(&'$a es ,& * e s,s s,s pr$# pr$#$p $pa( a(es es #&%p #&%p& &e e!e !es2 s2 - s, &'e &'e!$ !$/& /& es !rasp&r!ar e( &;6+e& 5a#$a (&s *$)ere!es !e$*&s *e( #,erp&. L&s er$!r&#$!&s er$!r&#$!&s 5,%a&s #are#e #are#e *e <#(e& *e %$!&#&*r$as2 p&r (& 1,e *e'e &'!eer s, eer+6a %e!a'3 %e!a'3($# ($#a a a !ra/ !ra/0s 0s *e (a )er%e )er%e!a# !a#$3 $3 ("#!$# ("#!$#a. a. La #a!$*a* #&s$*era*a&r%a( #&s$*era*a&r%a( =,#!
Se+< (a )&r%a *e( <#(e& se #(as$4#a e: Le,#&#$!&s #& <#(e& s$ (3',(&s & %&&,#(eares: ▪ L$)&#$!&s ▪ M&&#$!&s Le,#&#$!&s #& <#(e& (&',(a*& & p&($%&r)&,#(eares: p&($%&r)&,#(eares: ▪ Ne,!r34(&s ▪ Bas34(&s ▪ E&s$34(&s La &'ser/a#$3 a !ra/0s *e( %$#r&s#&p$& 5a per%$!$*& #(as$4#ar(&s se+< s,s #ara#!er6s!$#as !$!&r$a(es e: ▪ Gra,(&#$!&s: Prese!a Prese!a +r",(&s e s, #$!&p(as%a2 #& <#(e& re*&*ea*& - (&',(a*&2)&r%a*&s e (as #0(,(as %a*res *e (a %0*,(a 3sea:e&s$34(&s2 'as34(&s - e,!r34(&s. ▪A+ra,(&#$!&s:

 N& prese!a +r",(&s e s, #$!&p(as%a: ($)&#$!&s2 %&&#$!&s %a#r3)a+&s. LINFOCITO A pesar *e es!as #(as$4#a#$&es - *$)ere#$as e!re (&s (e,#&#$!&s2 !&*&sse re(a#$&a #& (&s %e#a$s%&s *e)es$/&s *e( &r+a$s%&. L&s L&s +ra +ra,( ,(&# &#$! $!&s &s - (&s (&s %&& %&&#$ #$!& !&ss *es! *es!r, r,-e -e  a (&s (&s %$#r %$#r&&r &&r+a +a$ $s% s%&s &s )a+&#$!"*&(&s %$e!ras 1,e (&s ($)&#$!&s pr&*,#e a!$#,erp&s #&!ra e((&s.

IV.MATERIALES Micr Micro osco sco io

Láminas portaobjetos limpias y

Láminas coloreadas de sangre con Wright

Colorante Wri Wri ht o Gie Giems msa a

Lancetas hematológicas

Papel lente

Alcohol yodado

Al odón odón est estér éril il

Aceite de cedro

Conteiner de descarte

Agua destilada

Varillas de

Guantes

V. PROCEDIMIE PROC EDIMIENTO NTO A. Obtenc!n "e sang#e ca$la# 9. Des$)e#!ar e( *e*& a,(ar #& a(#&5&( -&*a*& - a(+&*3 - #& ,a (a#e!a es!0r$( p,7ar e( *e*& - *ear #aer ,a +&!a *e sa+re s&'re s&'re , e;!re%& *e (a ("%$a p&r!a&'e!&s.  . C& a-,*a *e &!ra ("%$a p&r!a&'e!& )&r%ar , "+,(& *e K rea($7ar , )r&!$s2 !ra!a*& *e espar#$r 5&%&+0ea%e!e 5&%&+0ea%e!e (a +&!a *e sa+re s&'re (a s,per4#$e *e (a ("%$a. . Dear se#ar (a prepara#$3 - pr&#e*er (,e+& a (a #&(&ra#$3 #& 8r$+5! & G$e%sa.

%. C&l&#ac!n

9. C,'r$r e( )r&!$s #& #&(&ra!e 8r$+5! & Le$s5%a p&r 9 %$,!&. . S$ e($%$ar e( #&(&ra!e a+re+ar a+,a *es!$(a*a - *ear a#!,ar p&r 9 %$,!&s. . E($%$ar (,e+& e( #&(&ra!e - (a/ar s,a/e%e!e s,a/e%e!e #& a+,a *e #a?&. . Dear se#ar (a ("%$a #&(&rea*a. .Ua /e7 1,e (a ("%$a #&(&rea*a a se#a*&2 &'ser/ar a( %$#r&s#&p$& #& e( &'e!$/& *e 9  - a#e$!e *e $%ers$3.

VI. PROTOCOLO

Es1,e%a!$#e (&s s$+,$e!es e(e%e!&s e(e%e!&s 1,e a'a& se $*$#a $ *$#a - 1,e ser" &'ser/a*&s #& a-,*a *e( %$#r&s#&p$&. 1. LEUCOC LEU COCIT ITOS OS 'RA 'RANUL NULARE ARES: S: a( Neut#!)l&s seg*enta"&s: prese!a , <#(e& #& /ar$&s (3',(&s   ,$*as p&r 'a*as *e #r&%a!$as.  b(Neut#!)l&s en ban"a & abast&na"&: prese!a prese!a , <#(e& & *$/$*$*& e )&r%a *e S & e #a-a*& O. c(E&sn!)l&s: re*&*&s2 /&(,%$&s&s2 #& +ra,(a#$&es a#$*34(as *e #&(&r aaraa*&2 <#(e& #& *&s (3',(&s.  "(%as!)l&s: s& es#as&s *e 92 prese!a , <#(e& *$)6#$( *e &'ser/ar2 p,es se 5a((a #,'$er!& p&r ,a +ra,(a#$3 *e #&(&r # &(&r /$&(e!a & %&ra*& &s#,r& . +. LEUCOCITOS A'RANULARES:  a( Ln,&ct&s:  De )&r%a re*&*a & $rre+,(ar2 s, <#(e& es %&ra*&2 /&(,%$&s& - &#,pa (a %a-&r par!e *e (a #0(,(a2 e( #$!&p(as%a es a7,( s$ +ra,(a#$&es. S, <%er& a,%e!a #& (as ( as $)e##$&es. b( -&n&ct&s:  De )&r%a re*&*a , &/a(a*a2 <#(e& /ar$a'(e +eera(%e!e +eera(%e!e e )&r%a *e r$?32 #$!&p(as%a s$ +r",(&s. Prese!a ,a +ra a#!$/$*a* )a+&#$!ar$a. . PLA/UETAS:

Las %"s pe1,e?as *e (as #0(,(as *e (a sa+re2 *e )&r%a re*&*a - & #&!$ee 5e%&+(&'$a. S& ese#$a(es e (a #&a+,(a#$3 *e (a sa+re. sa+re. 0.E-ATIES O ERITROCITOS:

De )&r%a +eera(%e!e re*&*a2 re*&*a2 s$ <#(e&2 *e #&(&r r&sa $!es&2 #&!$ee 5e%&+(&'$a. La pr&!e6a 1,e se e#ar+a *e( !rasp&r!e *e &;6+e& - a56*r$*& #ar'3$#&.

Neut#!)l&s

E&sn!)l&s

%as!)l&

-&n&ct&s

Ln,&ct&s

VII.CONCLUSIONES:

ANEOS:

CLASIFICACION 2E LOS LEUCOCITOS

VIII. CUESTIONARIO 1. 3Cu4l 3Cu4l es la ",e#en ",e#enca ca ent#e ent#e $las* $las*a a 5 sue#&6.

 J,!& #& (&s +(3',(&s r&&s2 (&s +(3',(&s '(a#&s - (as p(a1,e!as2 e( p(as%a es ,& *e (&s #&%p&e!es *e (a sa+re2 (a par!e (61,$*a 1,e s,p&e ,  *e e((a. P&r e( p(as p(as%a %a #$r #$r#,(a #,(a ,a ,a s,s! s,s!a a#$ #$a a ((a%a*a 4'r$3+e&2 1,e #,e!a #& (a pr&p pr&p$e $e*a *a* * *e #&/ #&/er er!$ !$rs rse e e 4'r$ 4'r$a a #,a*& se pr&*,#e (a r&!,ra *e , /as& - (as p(a1,e!as a#! ,a /e7 se e($%$a (&s #&a+,(a!es #&%& (a 4'r$a2 es!e (61,$*& se #&/$er!e e s,er& . +.2ga 7ue es la ,!#*ula leuc&cta#a8 cu4les s&n l&s 9al&#es n&#*ales en el a"ult& 5 7ué sgn)ca"& tene l&s + 9al&#es an&#*ales.

La ,!#*ula "e leuc&ct&s  & (e,#&#$!ar$a %$*e e( p&r#e!ae prese!e *e #a*a !$p& *e (e,#&#$!&s e e( !&!a( *e gl!bul&s blanc&s . A( ser , p&r#e!ae p&r#e!ae a( a,%e!ar , +r,p& *e (e,#&#$!&s *$s%$,-e &!r&2 a,1,e e &#as$&es s&(& e;$s!e , a,%e!& & *$s%$,#$3 *e , !$p& #&#re!& - p&r e((& s&(& e( p&r#e!ae &)re#e ,a /a(&ra#$3 &r$e!a!$/a per& se *e'e #&!ar e( <%er& !&!a( *e #a*a +r,p& para sa'er #,"( es (a /ar$a'(e a !&%ar e #,e!a - es!,*$ar. ;al&#es n&#*ales E es!r$#!& r$+&r2 & p&*e%&s 5a'(ar *e /a(&res &r%a(es. L& 1,e #&&#e%&s #&%& &r%a($*a* & s& s$& /a(&res s!a*ar*2 ap($#a'(es a !&*& e( %,*& 1,e re=ea re=ea a (a %a-&r6a *e (a p&'(a#$3. L&s (6%$!es 1,e e#$erra #a*a ,& *e (&s par"%e!r&s #&rresp&*e a ,  *e (&s s,e!&s &r%a(es2 &r%a(es2 p&r (& 1,e 1,e*a ,  *e s,e!&s #&s$*era*&s #&%& &r%a(es2 per& #& #$)ras ),era *e es!&s (6%$!es.

U /a(&r re#&&#$*& *e!r& *e( ra+& &r%a( p,e*e ser pa!&(3+$#& e , s,e!& e par!$#,(ar. Es p&r es!a ra73 1,e e( !0r%$& /a(&res &r%a(es 5a s$*& ree%p(a7a*& p&r e( *e /a(&res *e re)ere#$a. L&s /a(&res *e re)ere#$a pr&/e$e!es *e #5$(e&s res$*e!es e Sa!$a+& *e C5$(e se p,e*e &'ser/ar e e( ap0*$#e I. .3/ué es la <sta*na 5 cu4l es su *$&#tanca6. La <sta*na es ,a %&(0#,(a *er$/a*a *e (a 5$s! 5$s!$*$ $*$a a.. Es ,a ,a a%$ a%$a a #& #& %<(! %<(!$p $p(e (ess ),# ),#$& $&e ess '$&( '$&(3+ 3+$# $#as as.. Es!" Es!" s$! s$!e! e!$7 $7a* a*a a pr$#$pa(%e!e p&r %as!&#$!&s - 'as34(&s e !e$*& #&e#!$/& - %,#&sas2 #0(,(as s$%$(ares a (as e!er& #r&%a4es #r&%a4es e (a re+$3 *e( p6(&r&2 - e,r&as e e( 5$p&!"(a%& p&s!er$&r. I!er/$ee e (as a(er+$as. La 5$s!a%$a es , %e*$a*&r $=a%a!&r$& *e +ra $%p&r!a#$a2 *e'$*& a s,s %<(!$p(es e)e#!&s - (a +ra #a!$*a* 1,e es ($'era*a p&r (&s %as!&#$!&s  p$#&+ra%&s p&r #a*a #0(,(a

La La 5$s! 5$s!a a%$a %$a & es s3(& s3(& , 1,6% 1,6%$# $#& & $rr$ $rr$!a !a! !e e 1,e 1,e p,e* p,e*e e pr&/ pr&/&# &#ar ar rea##$&es a(0r+$#as - 5a#er 1,e *e'as !&%ar p6(*&ras a!$5$s!a%6$#as> !a%'$0 ,e+a , pape( *e s,%a $%p&r!a#$a e !, s,per/$/e#$a *$ar$a. La 5$s!a%$a a#!
 Ta%'$0  Ta%'$0 se prese!a ae%$a #,a*& (&s +(3',(&s r&&s & #&!$ee s,4#$e!e 5e%&+(&'$a. La 5e%&+(&'$a es ,a pr&!e6a r$#a e 5$err& 1,e (e *a a (a sa+re e( #&(&r r&&. Es!a pr&!e6a (es per%$!e a (&s +(3',(&s r&&s !rasp&r!ar e( &;6+e& *e (&s p,(%&es a( res!& *e( #,erp&. S$ ,s!e ,s!e* * !$e !$ee e ae% ae%$a $a22 s, #,er #,erp& p& & re#$' e#$'e e s,4# s,4#$e $e! !e e sa+ sa+rre r$#a r$#a e &;6+e&. C&%& res,(!a*&2 ,s!e* p,e*e se!$rse #asa*& & *0'$(. Ta%'$0

p,e*e !eer &!r&s s6!&%as2 #&%& )a(!a *e a($e!&2 %are& & *&(&res *e #a'e7a. La ae%$a +ra/e & pr&(&+a*a p,e*e #a,sar (es$&es e e( #&ra732 e( #ere'r& - &!r&s 3r+a&s *e( #,erp&. La ae%$a %,- +ra/e p,e*e $#(,s& #a,sar (a %,er!e.

I.REFERENCIAS 

La *$)ere#$a e!re s,er& - p(as%a sa+,6e& 5!!p:sa(,*.,#&%&.#&%ar!$#,(&#,a(es(a*$)ere#$a 5!!p:sa(,*.,#&%&.#&%ar!$#,(&#,a(es(a *$)ere#$ae!res, e!res,er&- er&- p(as%asa+,$e&9@.5!%( 5!!p:QQQ.*$)ere#$ae!re.e!(a*$)ere#$ae!rep(as%a-s,er& 5!!p:%e*$#a'(&+s.*$ar$&%e*$#&.#&%$* 5!!p:%e*$#a'(&+s.* $ar$&%e*$#&.#&%$*ee%$p9 ee%$p9

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