INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL ESCUELA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA E INDUSTRIAS EXTRACTIVAS
PRÁCTICA DE DIFUSIÓN MOLECULAR ALUMNA: GÓMEZ GONZÁLEZ VANIA LAURA GRUPO: 2IM35
EQUIPO: 2
HORARIO: MIÉRCOLES DE 11-13 !"#
NOM$RE DEL PRO%ESOR: &OSE MANUEL MEDINA HUERTA
%ECHA DE ENTREGA: '( DE NOVIEM$RE DEL 2'1)
1.0 1. 0 INTR INTROD ODUC UCCI CIÓN ÓN 1.1 1. 1 TRAN TRANSF SFER EREN ENCI CIA A DE MASA MASA
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1.2 1. 2 DIFU DIFUSI SIÓN ÓN MOLE MOLECU CULA LAR R 1.2.1 MOVIMIENTO BR BROWNIANO E, 12 12 ; ?.0 ?.0,/ ,/4. 4. /,@; /,@;" " R# $!. $!., , .?" .?"!7 !76 6 * * 9+!084*;+" 9.;, "*"9,/+" , +@*+ + 4.,/4/.," ,.! ,.!+; +;" " 9!" 9!"/6 /6, , 09 09! !+0 +0*! *!+ + "4 "4!/ !/?8 ?8+, +, *, .7//,0. /!!@*;+! .7//,0. * ,. 9* "! "4!/0. 9.! ;+ 4,/4+ N0., * =* 4.," 4. ,"/ /! !+ +. . 4. 4.. . *,. *,. ;." ;." 9!/ 9!/! !." ." 9!.4 9!.4" "." ." "0. " 0.4 4"0 "0/4 /4." ."## E"0 E"0 .7/ .7// /, ,0. 0. " 4. 4.,. ,.4/ 4/. . 4. 4.. . .7//,0. ?!.,/+,.# E; .7//,0. ?!.,/+,. " ; .7//,0. 0!,. ;+" .;4*;+" *, F*/.# E"0 .7/ .7// /, ,0. 0. " ? ? + 9* 9* +" +" F*40 F*40*+ *+4/ 4/., .," " 09 09! !+0 +0*! *!+ + 9!" 9!"/6 /6, , 4. 4.,4 ,4, ,0! 0!+4 +4/6 /6, , ,0 ,0!!. ; ; "/"0 "/"0 +3 +3 , ;+ @*!+ @*!+ 1#1 " 9* 9* .?" ?"!7+! !7+! ;
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1.2.2 TERMODINÁMICA DE LOS PROCESOS DE DIFUSIÓN
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1.3 ELECTROLITO
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1.4 CONDUCTIVIDAD ELÉCTRICA
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1.5 CONDUCTANCIA
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2.0 DESARROLLO EXPERIMENTAL 2.1 DIAGRAMA DEL EUIPO
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2.2 DIAGRAMA DE BLOUES PROCEDIMIENTO EXPERIMENTAL
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2.3 DATOS EXPERIMENTALES T+?;+ 2#1 D+0." 9!/,0+;" T/9.
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2 .; K 12' @L K '#12' @ 4 3 AK'#(5'33 4 2 T/9.K 15 /, ∆ZK'#54 C.,*40+,4/+ , S/,": 5#21' - CK '#'))2 @L K )#)21'-5 @43 ∆CKC= C/ K)#)21' -5 @43 - '#12' @ 43 K -'#11((33 @ 43 (∆C∆ZK B-'#11((33 @ 4 3 B'#54 K -'#23()5 @4 &KY N+C; , 1 L B0/9. Á!+ &K'#'))2@ B15 /, '#(5'334 2 K'#'') @ /, 42 DK - B& (∆C∆Z K- B'#'') @ /, 4 2 B'#23()5 @4 DK '#'1(35' 4 2 /, 2 .; K 12' @L K '#12' @ 4 3 AK'#(5'33 4 2 T/9.K2' /, ∆ZK'#54 C.,*40+,4/+ , S/,": 5#31' - CK '#') @L K )#1'-5 @43 ∆CKC= C/ K)#1' -5 @43 - '#12' @ 43 K -'#11((325 @ 43 (∆C∆ZK B-'#11((325 @ 4 3 B'#54 K -'#23()5'5 @4 &KY N+C; , 1 L B0/9. Á!+ &K'#')@ B2' /, '#(5'334 2 K'#''35( @ /, 42 DK - B& (∆C∆Z K- B'#''35( @ /, 4 2 B'#23()5'5 @4 DK'#'1((5 4 2 /, 2 .; K 12' @L K '#12' @ 4 3 AK'#(5'33 4 2 T/9.K3' /, ∆ZK'#54 C.,*40+,4/+ , S/,": )1'- CK '#') @L K #)1' -5 @43 ∆CKC= C/ K#)1'-5 @43 - '#12' @ 43 K -'#11((23( @ 43
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2.5 TABLA DE RESULTADOS < GRÁFICAS T+?;+ 2#3 T+?;+ !"*;0+." ;+ 9!40/4+
CONDUCTANCIA ) TIEMPO )#''E-'
=B K ' 9B '#'1
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DIFUSIÓN ) 1= ' ' ' ' ' ' D$;($,- '2 ' ' ' ' '
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DIFUSIÓN ) TIEMPO ' '
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DIFUSIÓN ) CONCENTRACIÓN ' ' =B K '#1 9B -(1#21
D$;($,- '2
' ' ' '#'5
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3.0 ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS 3.1 A->#$$ *! #" !'(!-'$" *! '>#'(# S "+? * ;+ ".;*4/6, /,/4/+; 9!9+!++ ?8+ 0,! *,+ 4.,4,0!+4/6, 2 .; L 9.! ;. 0+,0. " +4 ;+ 4.,7!"/6, 9+!+ +! "+" *,/+" , @!+." ".?! 4,080!. 4>?/4. "+?/,. * ; 9". .;4*;+! ; N+C; " 5#5 +"8 * *+!8+ ;+ 4.,7!"/6, ;+ "/@*/,0 +,!+:
2 .; L K 12' @L K '#12' @ 43
E; +,*+; 9!40/4+" ,4/.,+ * ; /=*".! 9;"0/4. 0/, 121 4+9/;+!" 1 /0!. 4., *,+ ;.,@/0* 5 9.! ;. 0+,0. 4., "." +0." " ? "+4+! ; !+ /,4;*,. 0.." ;." 4+9/;+!" +"8 /". 4.,7!0/!;. + *,/+" 4,080!." 4*+!+." 9+!+ 9.! ;;7+! + 4+?. ;." 4;4*;.":
AK'#(5'33 42
L+" /4/.," " +4, 4++ 4/!0. 0/9. ; 4*+; + * 0.+!;. 0,!;. , 4*,0+ 0+?/, ; 7+;.! ;+ ∆Z "/9! "! 4.,"0+,0 4., *, 7+;.! :
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C.,*40+,4/+ , S/,": )1'-
M/,0!+" * + ;." 2 /,*0." ; 7+;.! =* :
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S/ @!+4!+." ;+ /=*"/6, 4., !"940. +; F*. "/4. *+!8+ *,+ ;8,+ !40+ 4., *,+ 9,/,0 9."/0/7+ 9!. +; .,0. "+4+! ;+ /,7!"+ + ;." 7+;.!" ; F*. "/4. " .?0,! .0!+ =.!+ @!4+ * " 9* 7! , ;+ G!4+ 2#3 ;+ 4*+; " *,+ 4*!7+ "4,,0# E; 4.9.!0+/,0. * 0/, ;+ /=*"/6, 4., !"940. + ;+ /,7!"+ ; F*. "/4. ,. " ;/,+; "/, ?+!@. " 9* 4/! * "/ ; 7+;.! ; 4.4/,0 /=*"/6, /"/,* ;+ /,7!"+ ; F*. "/4. 7+ +*,0+,. 9!. 4+? !"+;0+! * " 4.9.!0+/,0. ,. " ;/,+;#
3.4 A->#$$ *! #" &>:'" *$;($,- ) /$!6
E, ;+ @!4+ 2# " 9* 7! ; 4.9.!0+/,0. ; 4.4/,0 /=*"/6, 4., !"940. +; 0/9. " 9* *4/! * "* =.!+ " * "//;+! +; ;+ @!4+ 2#3 4.,=.!+ ; 7+;.! ;+ /=*"/6, /"/,* ; 0/9. +*,0+ 9!. ,. " ;/,+; ; 4.9.!0+/,0. " 9+!+?6;/4. "4,,0# C.,=.! ; 0/9. 9+"+?+ +?8+ ,." /=*"/6, .;4*;+! 9.!* ;+" 9+!084*;+" N+C; "0+?+, 4++ 7< " 9!",0" , ; /. ., " /=*,8+,
3.5 A->#$$ *! #" &>:'" *$;($,- ) '-'!-/&"'$,-
E, ;+ @!4+ 2#5 " .?"!7+ ; 4.9.!0+/,0. ;+ /=*"/6, 4.,0!+ ;+ 4.,4,0!+4/6, ;+ 4*!7+ * " =.!+ ,. "0 * ,/+ "/, ?+!@. ". 9* ?!" + ;+ 9!/,0+4/6, ;;7++ + 4+?. !!.!" , ;+" /4/.," 9!. " 4;+!. * 4.,=.! ; 7+;.! ;+ /=*"/6, /"/,* ; 7+;.! ;+ 4.,4,0!+4/6, +*,0+ "+ !;+4/6, ,. " ;8,+ "* 4.9.!0+/,0. " 9+!+?6;/4. "4,,0#
4.0 CONCLUSIONES
P+!+ ;;7+! + 4+?. "0+ 9!/,0+4/6, 9!/!. " 0!/,6 ; 7+;.! ;+ 4.,*40+,4/+ , S/," 0.+,. ; 0/9.# P+!+ ; ?+;+,4 ,7.;7,0 " ? 0,! , 4*,0+ * " ;;7+ + 4+?. , ; /=*".! * 9+!+ =40*+! ; ?+;+,4: L+ 4.,4,0!+4/6, ; N+C; ,. 4+?/+ , ; /=*".! •
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•
•
2 .; K 12' @L K '#12' @ 43 AK'#(5'33 42
T/9.K 1' /, ∆ZK'#54
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B-'#11((3(25 @ 43 B'#54 K -'#23(5 @4 &KY N+C; , 1 L B0/9. Á!+ &K'#')'@ B1' /, '#(5'3342 K'#'')3(2 @ /, 42
DK - B& (∆C∆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
9.!* + ,. +?8+ 0+,0. @!+/,0 4.,4,0!+4/6, * ;//,+! 9*"0. * ;+ <4;+ " /?+ ..@,/<+,.#
5.0 ANEXO 5 *!:-$'$-! *! *$;($,- #!'(#"& •
•
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