INDIC E.
CONTENIDO INTRODUCCIÓN......................................................................................1
COMPETENCIAS A DESARROLLAR:.........................................................2 PROPÓSITO:...........................................................................................2 CONOCIMIENTOS PREVIOS.....................................................................2 MÉTODOS...............................................................................................4 OBJETIVOS............................................................................................16 HIPÓTESIS............................................................................................16 MARCO TEORICO..................................................................................17 PROC PROCED EDIM IMIIENTO ENTOS S DE SEGU SEGURI RID DAD............... AD......... ............ ............ ........... ........... .......... ........ ........ ........ ........ ......17 ..17 EXPERIMENTO 1...................................................................................22 EXPERIMENTO 2:..................................................................................23 EXPERIMENTO 3:..................................................................................23 EXPERIMENTO 4:..................................................................................24 CONCLUSIONES....................................................................................2 CUESTIONARIO....................................................................................27 BIBLIOGRA!"A.......................................................................................2# ANEXOS................................................................................................3$
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INTRODUCCIÓN C%&% C%&% '( )(*+& )(*+&%) %) +,-) +,-)+ +/ / 0-+ 0-+)% )%)) &% &%0% 0%)) (( (( 5( )+(( )+((-/ / 0+ &+85() ' (0( 9/( 0+ +55() )+ 9-5-8( (( )+(( 0-++/+) -%) 0+ 5() &-)&() '( ;9+ 9/() +) %&(0() % 0%) % &<) 5=;9-0%)> % 9/ 5=;9-0% ' 9/ )5-0% %> 0%) )5-0%)> ' /% %0() )+ 9+0+/ )+(( % &+0-% 0+5 &-)&% &%0% ' 9+) (( +55%) )+ ?(/ +(0% %0%) 5%) ;9+ %/%+&%). A 5% 5(@% 0+ +)( <-( )+ ++/0+ 0-++/-( 9/ +5+&+/%> 9/( )9)(/-( ' 9/ %&9+)% *()0%/%) +/ 5( %&( +/ ;9+ )+ )+((/ ' ()= &-)&% 0+ (9+0% ( 5() %-+0(0+) +)+-() 0+ (0( 9/( 0+ +55(). A0+&<)> A0+&<)> %/0+&%) +/ <-( <-( (5@9/%) 0+ 5%) &%0%) &<) 9-5-8(0%) 9-5-8(0%) (( )+(( )9)(/-() ;9+ 9)(&%) +/ 5( -0( 0-(-(. P% %( (+> (/(5-8(+&%) ' (*((+&%) %/ 5%) %/+%) 0+ &()(> %59&+/ ' 0+/)-0(0> +5(-%/0%5%) (( 55+@( (5 +)95(0% 0+)+(0% 0+ 0++&-/(0% +,+-&+/%. C(*+ &+/-%/( ;9+ ( () 0+ 5( +(5-8(-/ 0+ (0( 9/% 0+ 5%) +,+-&+/%) ' (5 (-( 5%) &%0%) 0+ )+((-/ 0+ &+85()> %*)+(+&%) 5%) 0-++/+) (&*-%) 0+ +)(0% ;9+ 5() )9)(/-() %/ 5() ;9+ (*((+&%) 9+0+/ 55+@( ( (5(/8( (5 (( 0+ )+((5%) 9/% 0+5 %%.
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INTRODUCCIÓ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PRCTICA 3. TÉCNICAS DE LABORATORIO COMPETENCIAS A DESARROLLAR: A5 A5- -( ( %/ %/+ +% %)) 0+ F9=& F9=&- -(> (> (5+ (5+)) %&% %&%:: &(+ &(+-(> (> +5+& +5+&+/ +/% %)> )> %&9+)%) ' &+85(). U-5-8( 5%) 0-++/+) &%0%) 0+ )+((-/ 0+ &+85() %/ )9)(/-() 0+ 9)% %-0-(/%.
PROPÓSITO: D-)-/@9- +/+ +5+&+/%)> %&9+)%) ' &+85() 0+ (9+0% ( )9) %%-+0(0 +0(0+)> +)> 9-5-8 9-5-8(/0% (/0% 0-++ 0-++/+ /+)) &%0% &%0%)) 0+ )+(( )+((-/ -/>> %/ )9)(/-() 0+ 9)% %-0-(/%.
Conocimientos previos ¿Q! es n e"emento# compesto $ me%c"&'
LOS ELEMENTOS E/ ;9=& ;9=&- -( ( 5() 5() )9) )9)(/ (/-() () 9( 9()) )+ 5() 5()- -( (/ / %&% %&% +5+& +5+&+/ +/% %)) ' %&9+)%). T%0( T%0( 5( &(+-( ;9+ /%) %0+( +)< %/)-9-0( % (5+0+0% 0+ 9/( +/+/(
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
3
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¿C("es son "os m!to)os )e sep&r&ci*n )e me%c"&s'
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22
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DESRIPCIÓN DEL MATERIAL
REACTIVOS
Anillo metálico Balanza Cubos metálicos y madera Espátula Equipo de destilación Matraz Erlenmeyer 25M! Mechero %robeta de 1 m! %robeta de 1 m! %apel #iltro (oporte )ni*ersal +ela,Malla de alambre con asbesto -asos de precipitado de 5 m! -aso de precipitado de 1 m! -asos de precipitado de 25 m!
Agua destilada Alcohol Cloruro de sodio
"e#resco de cola $ Arena $ "egla $ 2%lumones &de agua' de di#erente color $
*Material proporcionado Por el alumno
23
DESARROLLO EXPERIMENTAL. E8PERIMENTO 9. 1. C%5%( 5() +5() 0+ +*955--/ +/ +5 &((8 *(5/. 2. C%5%( (%,-&(0(&+/+ 1$$ &L 0+ ++)% 0+ %5(. C%/ ('90( 0+5 +&*90% 3. C(5-+/( +5 &((8 *(5/ ?()( ;9+ +&-++ ( +*955- ' %*)+(. 4. M-0+ +5 %59&+/ +9+(0% +/ +5 &((8 E5+/&+'+
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E8PERIMENTO : 1. P+(( 9/( &+85( %/ $.1 @ 0+ %0% ' @ 0+ (+/( +/ 9/ ()% 0+ +--(0% 0+ 2$ &L. 2. C(5-+/( % 2&-/9%) 5( &+85( 9*-+/0% +5 ()% %/ 9/( <)95( 0+ %+5(/( ;9+ %/+/@( (@9( =( 9-5-8( +5 +)% 0+5 ++)% -% 0+5 +,+-&+/% 1. 3. R+9+( 5%) )5-0%) (0?+-0%) ( 5( <)95( 0+ %+5(/(. C%5%( +/ 9/ ()% 0+ +--(0% 2 @ 0+ 5%9% 0+ )%0-% N(C5 ' @ 0+ (+/( ' 0-)9+5+ +/ $ &5 0+ (@9(> ;9+ -% 0+ /-( 9-5-8(=() ' +)( 5%) %09%). Not&: Pes& e" v&so )e precipit&)o &ntes )e re&"i%&r "& me%c"&.
C%&% -&+ ()% +)(&%) 5%) ()%) 0+ +--(0% (( ;9+ /9+)() &+0--%/+) 9+(/ +,((). Nom-re
Peso )e" v&so )e precipit&)o
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E8PERIMENTO =: 1. T(8( )%*+ 0%) -() 0+ (+5 5% 9/( 5=/+( %/ 5<-8 *()+ ( 1 & 0+5 *%0+ -/+-% ' )9+-% ' &(( )%*+ 9/( 0+ 5() 5=/+() 0%) 9/%) +/(5+) 0+ 0-++/+ %5% + @9(. 2. C%5%( +/ 2 ()%) 0+ +--(0% 0+ $&L &5 0+ (@9( 0+)-5(0( )%5+/+ ' +/ %% %5%( &5 0+ (5%?%5 + -/%09+ +/ (0( ()% 9/( -( 0+ (+5 5% +-(&+/+ &((0(> 3. C9(/0% +5 (@9( ?('( 55+@(0% (5 5=&-+ )9+-%> +-( +5 (+5 5% 0+5 ()% ' &-0+ 5( 0-)(/-( ;9+ +%- 5( -/(. 4. C%&(( +5 -+&% ' 5( 0-)(/-( 0+ +%-0% 0+ 5( -/( %/ (&*%) )%5+/+).
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CONCLUSIONES.
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