SVEUČILIŠTE U ZAGREBU FILOZOFSKI FAKULTET ODSJEK ZA FILOZOFIJU Ak. god. 2013./2014.
E. F. Platonova kritika umjetnosti
!"#$%&k# &%d
Ko'!g#() G&*k% +#'o,o+#(%
Z%g&!- 2013. 1
Y
Sadržaj Y1.
U
2. G'%$% !"%................................... !"%.......................................................... .............................................. .................................................................. ...........................................44 3. L#!&%&%................................... L#!&%&%.......................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ................................................ .........................
2
1. Uvod
K&##k% "(!$o# $% o"! od $%(&%$#(!g (%'(%$(% Apologiji ! do d!!! k$(# k$(#g! g! Države o!,#( (. "(!$o &#k%,(! k%o o$o'ok# # o,$%($o #&!'!%$$ ! !"!'(!$ "#"!#*ko" &#$5# kog oo$%%$(% o(!#'$#6 ,%%7%$(%. Od#(%$(! k&##k! # $(!,#$ $(!,#$%% ,% ,%'(! '(!$o $o 8'%o$ 8'%o$oo oo(( +#'o,o +#'o,o+#(# +#(# *!o *!o (! 6 6%9 %9!$% !$% k%o #,&%, #,&%, $!$ $!$%k' %k'o$o o$o# # &%5#o$%'$! +#'o,o+#(! &!"% "(!$o# #'# (!$# #'# (! %k ok%&%k!&#,#&%$% k%o 8'%o$o% -&#g% ,% "o&%'$! &#(!d$o# o(#6 &!"!$#k%. :!k! &#"(!d-! $% 8'%o$o !o&#( "(! "(!$o $o# # ,#"% ,#"%( ( ,% o'%,# o'%,#! ! &!o &!o% %k k d% g% (! $(!go $(!go &%5#o$ &%5#o$%'# %'#,%" ,%" &#(! &#(!*#o *#o o,$%%$( !5#+#*$og k%&%k!&% "(!$#*kog %&%$(% % (! o7#%$ d% (! "(!$o# &o"%&%o o o-&%5 o-&%5 ,$%$o# ko(% ko(% &!-% o (!&$#(! ko#&%# ko#&%# &#&od. Z% 8'%o$o o$o'og#( '#(!og% ko(% ,%(!d$o k&##ko" (!$#% *#$# %%$# d#o $(!go! +#'o,o+#(! "(!$o# &#(!d# #o &%#'o k%o # ,% 5(!'ok$ $(!go +#'o,o+#() d% ! $%do $%do!, !,(! (! $% +#'o,o+ +#'o,o+k k -%#$ -%#$ $(!go $(!go#6 #6 &!6o &!6od$# d$#k% k% og og'% '%#o #o Sok&% Sok&%% % og% og% (! ,% !"!'(##(! &%,"(!%$(! o&!-$o #"%# #d #&# o#(!$# ko$!k ko(!" ! &%,#'% g&*k% o!,#(% # "#o'og#(%. 8oo(%'o (! &%d#5#o$%'$o (!&o%$(! k%ko g&*k# (!$#5# ko(# #"%'# ,$%*%($ 'og k&!#&%$( # &!d%(# d&!$#6 &#(!d$o# -#'# #,&%$o #$#&#&%$# od -ogo% ! d% (! o"! !"!'( $(#6o! "d&o# # ,$%$(% o '(dk#" # -o7%$k#" &#'#k%"%. :%#"! 8'%o$ Apologiji #
$!o $!o k%$#(! k%$#(!" " Menonu &'o %7!o ##*! d% (!$#5# %&%( od (!5%(!"
-o7%$k! #$#&%5#(! #$#&%5#(! ! d% $!"%( ,$%$(! ,$%$(! o o$o"! o goo&! $## o "og "og o-(%$##. U Ionu % k&##k% do'%,# do o$og #,&%7%(% gd(! Sok&% oo&%% (!$#5#"% o(!do%$(! "#(!9% ;techne< # ,$%$(% ;episteme< ! &d# d% (!%( ( !%( ,%o (!& ,%$!!$# # $%d%6$# -ogo". 8o,$% (! 8'%o$o #k%, #, d!!! k$(#g! Država gd(! k%7! d% oo(# =%&% &%,"#% #,"!> +#'o,o+#(! # (!$#%?. R#(!* (! o %&o" &#%' #,"!> "#% # 'ogo% !7$(# ,% &#"%o" $%d ,$%$(!" # "d&o9. U &!d+#'o,o+ko" &%,do-'( g&*k! "#'# % # k%$#(! "#o# # !o# #"%'# og&o"%$ (!5%( $% +o&"#&%$(! d&!$#6 &#(!d$o# # (%$og "$#(!$(% od$o$o 5(!'ok$og% d6% g&*k! 5##'#,%5#(!. V(!&o%'o ! -o7%$ko $%d%69! (!$#k% % k'%d$o o" (!$#5# o(!do%'# "d&o # ,$%$(! o '(d#"% # -ogo#"%. 8&#god! ko(#"% ! #,od#'% o!,#(% #"%'! &o" &!d &!'#g#o,$o o-#'(!7(!) #'# k%o d#o -ogoo'(% #'# %k &# !'#k#" (%$#" ok'(%$(#"%. O-,$%$## # o-(%$## &o'o %d%$(o # -d9$o -#'% (! (! o'%#5% #$#&#&%$#6 #$#&#&%$#6 (!$#k%. 3
2. Glavna tema
S o o(% (%o" o" k&##* k&##*kog kog &%5#o$ &%5#o$%'$ %'$og og "#'(! "#'(!$(% $(% ko(! ko(! !7# !7# *#$(!$ *#$(!$#5% #5%"% "% # o-(% o-(%$(! $(!$( $( +!$o"!$% (%'(% ! # o&!-% ,% d#%$5#&%$(!" od "#o'og#(! ko(o( ! , &!'#g#(k# # o-&%,o$# ,$%*%( &###%o # %o&#! og'!d ,$%$(% # o(!do%$(% !"!'($#6 ##$%. F#'o,o+#(% ok%% ok%,%# k%ko "#o'oko@o!k% o-(%$(!$(% $! "og ,%doo'(## k&#!&#(! ,$%$!$og o-(%$(!$(% # ,d&%o@&%,"k! &od-! o&%d# *!g% #(!ko" . # . o'(!9% do'%,# do o&og &o%'(%$(% #,"!> #6 d%( og'!d% $% #(!. 8o%'o (! (%$o d% "#o'og#(% $! "o7! -## #! (!d#$# #,o& ,$%$(% $# do ##$!. T%( %&# ko- #,"!> d% o-'#k% g&*k! "#'# o "$og#"% (! ( ! o'7#o k%o o'%,#! ,% %$#( &od- "(!$o#. K%ko o!,#(% #"% og&o"%$ (!5%( 8'%o$ o&%d%$o o%'(% #%$(! ko&#$o# $(!,#$% d(!'o%$(%. 8(!$#*ko "#(!9! $#(! !"!'(!$o $% ,$%$( # &%,"(!%$( $!go %"o $% #$#& #$#&%5 %5#(# #(# ko ko(% (% ! o o&!d &!d(! (! oo oo-$# -$#" " (!&! (!&!$(! $(!" " # do7 do7#' #'(%( (%(!" !" -o7 -o7%$ %$k! k! ,%$! ,%$!!$o !$o# # o$o #&%5#o$%'$o" %$(. T%k% T%k% &o5! $% &# og'!d $! "o7! #"%# o-(!k#%$ k%&%k!& (!& oo-$o do7#'(%%$(! $#(! %d!k%$% '#k% o &!d"! "#'(!$(%. 8'%o$ $%g'%%% (!$#ko o#$o o#$o # ##*! k%ko " Bog ,#"% &%," # $(#"! ! '7# ! #" &#go%&% d% o(o( oo$%%!'(ko( "(!$o# *!o #%5#(# d% &o&(!*! %"#"% !-# k&!#&%(9# k%&%k!&! &%,'#*##6 &%o'o7!$(% $! ,$%(9# ko(! od $(#6o#6 $( #6o#6 &o'o$#6 #,(%% ##$#!. 8'%o$ ! &o## o!ko( o(!9%($o# # $(!,#$ o(!#'$o" # # o&$o #$,##&% $% ,$%$( "(!o #$#&%5#(#. Co7!"o ko$%$#&%# d% &!d"! 8'%o$o! k&##k! &%,do-'( ko(! ,%&%% Državom $#(! o!,#(% d%$%$(!" "#' !9 $!o "$ogo +$d%"!$%'$#(! # "o9$#(! g&*ko"! #k. I%ko (! % k&##k% #$!g&%'$# d#o 8'%o$o! !o&#(! "(!$o# ! #"% &!'!%$$#6 !!#*k#6 "o"!$%% o$% (! o&!d og% # ###%$(! g&*k! &%d#5#(! ! o-&%,o$og %% # $(!go#6 !"!'(% % ! o,&%*( !#!"o'okog% &#goo&%. 8'%o$oo 8'%o$oo &o k&##*ko o-&%9%$(! (!$#5#"% $%'%,#"o !9 $%(&%$#(#" d(!'#"% k%o o Apologija # Ion gd(! (!
k&##k% "(!&!$% o$%(&#(! &o# (!$#*kog $!,$%$(% # $!o(!do%$(% $!o(!do%$(% "(!9%.
8'%o '%o$$ (! Ionu o&!d#o (!$#k! +&#g#(k#" !9!$#5#"% ko&#-%$#"% ko(# o(#" &#%'#"% ,%$!!$o # $!&#!-$o '! # (!%(. Z%$!!$o o ko(o( (! &#(!* "o7! ! o&!d## % %$(!" &%$% # $!&#!-$o# gd(! $!"% "(!% &%,"ko" "#'(!$( # (!$#koo( (!$o( #$!&!$5#(# # 'o,# k&!#&%$( o!,#(!. K%d% -#"o %( % ,!'# do'o$o %d% -# 4
'og% (!$#k% do#% -#'% "#$o&$% # -!,&#(!d$% % (!$#5# -# '7#'# %"o k%o k# $!(!$# &!$o#!'(# ",#$#6 o&k%. 8(!$#k %ko $!9! &%,'#ko%# o (! do-&o % o 'o! $!go 9! oo$%%# o$%ko k%ko ! *#$# '#(!o "$o ko(! %ko>!& o o"! $#% $! ,$%. B## %"o o- -,,! od ",% ,% # ,%$!! $!!$$ $#(! #(! do doo o'( '(%%$ (! (! ,% o(! o(!ddo o%%$(! $(! &% &%og ,$% ,$%$(%. $(%. C!>#" (! '# ,%$!!$o ,%$!!$o %o'$% Ako (!$#k $!"% oo-$og d(!'% do ##$% # !" do-&o"! o (! %d&7%$o o!,#(# $!go (! ! o -o7%$kog od&#(!'% o$d% ! &!-% $%d%# d% +#'o,o+# o"! og'!d "$ogo !&#o&$#(# oo-#o ,!# o-,#& 8'%o$oo &%$g#&%$(! -#9% o-,#&o" $% $o!k !"!'(!$o ,$%$(% # g'!d%$(% ##$kog -#k% gd(! +#'o,o+# $% &o"! "(!. I#$% (! d% Sok&% *!o o$%'(% k%ko (!$#5# # &%od# $! "og o(! (!6! ,%6%'## ,$%$( # "#(!9 $!go #$#&%5#(# ko(% do'%,# #,%$ $(#6. T&!T&!-%% $%g'% $%g'%# ### d% 8'%o$ 8'%o$o o k&##k k&##k 5#(!'o 5#(!'o# # &!-%" &!-%"oo &o"% &o"%&% &%## k%o $(!go $(!gooo &o%'(%$(! g&*ko( k'o$o# (!$#*k#" %o&#!#"% o-,#&o" $% ,$%$(! # &%k#*$o d(!'o%$(! % $! k%o k%o ko o"%'o%7%%$(! o"%'o%7%%$(! "(!$o#. 8'%o$o% $%"(!&% $%"(!&% (! &!##%# g&*k o-&%,o$ o-&%,o$ %&%d#g" %&%d#g" *#$## *#$## ( #$o" k%ko -# ! #,$(!'o $% #d(!'o #d(!'o k%ko o-&%,o$# o-&%,o$# # "o&%'$# &#$5## ko(# ! o'%ko &!,#"%( #, (!$#% "(!&%%( $!k# k $% og&!$% $%*!'%. Ako &%,"o&#"o k&##k k&o, d&g # &!9 k$(#g #d(! 9!"o d% 8'%o$ %&# k&##,#&% "(!$o ko(% %&% 'o! %&%d#g"!. 8'%o$ k%,(! $% "#o'og#( k%o 'o! #,o&#! o-&%,o%$(% # %ko ,%&%o %'(% # o,#5#( =o-#*$! '(d!? # (!$#k! o-,#&o" $% "d&o # ,$%$(! ! #6 &%,'#k(! od +#'o,o+% ko(# &!-%( &!,!# 'og o-&%,o%$(% ! # od %"! +#'o,o+#(! ko(% (!d#$% #"% #&%$! "!do! ,% (!5%$(! ##$!. O$ $! od%(! od "(!$o# k%o k'(*$og !g"!$% o-&%,o%$(% %'# ##*! o&!- ,% $(!,#$o" 5!$,&o". 8od #" 8'%o$ "#'# $% 5!$,& "#k#6 %d&7%(% ko(!" ! "o7! $%9# $!&#k'%d$#6 &#k%,% -ogo% -o7%$%% # 6!&o(% o-,#&o" $% !"!'($! !#*k! &#(!d$o# # $!&#"(!&!$#6 (. $!##$##6 &#k%,%. 8o!k% "#o'og#(% o-#'(! &#*%"% o -ogo#"% # o $!&#(!ko %k#"% gd(! -ogo# # -o7%$% &#k%,%$# $!"o&%'$#" &%o-o&$#" # $!&#"(!&!$#" &od-#$k#" od$o#"% ! ! *!o &#k%,( k%o %&%'#5! # #,o&# ,'%. Bd9# d% ! &#*%"% o-&%,( d! "'%d#9% o$o o &o *( &!-%( -## $%('(!! &#*! o &'#$#. Sog% #d!%'$o"! o'# 8'%o$ &#% !'!k5#(# $!odo-$#6 %d&7%(% "#o'og#(! ko&# "o&%'$o# # !"o5#o$%'$og% &%,o(% "'%d#9% % $%d%! ko&# o-&%$! Bog% k%o $%(#! "o&%'$! #$%$5! (!& ,% 8'%o$% =Bog $#(! ,&ok !" $!go %"o do-&?. 5
U"(!$o ko(% ! o"#$(! '(!d!9#" k$(#g%"% o!-#5! !o( # !o( ,o& #"% &%! (. #d!%'$! %&%d#g"! (!& 9(! o( og'!d $% ##$k! #d!(! % %ko d%(! #d &% ##$ # ,$%$(!. Bo7%$k% #$#&%5#(% o%(! d#(%'!k#*ko" &#(!d$o9 od !'#kog ,$%*%(% # dood# ! !, $%(!9#" do-&#"% # ,%(!d$o "#(!9#"% &!d%'(% k'(*%$ (! ,% do-& o!,#(. S%" 8'%o$ k&!#&% #,&$! d#(%'og! ko(#"% $% -!&#(!ko&$o =o-"%$((!? oo$%%(9# Sok&%% # $(!go! goo&$#k!. S'7# ! o!ko" "%$#&o" "#k#" &#k%,#"% # oo$%%$(!" o(#" d#(%'o,#"% k%ko -# #,&%,#o # &#k%,%o o$o $!#,&!5#o # d% -# $% $% ko$5 o-&%,o%o. 8oo(%$(! (!$#*kog "#(!9% (! $!#$o o 9! ! ok%,%# # k%$#(!" Fedru
gd(! ! $%od# k%o (!d%$ od (!% ,% do-& o!,#(. 8&#(! $!go o (! D&7%#
#,&!k%o $%(o&#(# d o "(!$o# ok%,%o (! k%ko ! &%o o"o9 #&%$o "(!&!$og "(!$#*kog &#k%,% "o7! do9# do o,$%(! $%(##6 #d!%'% $o!k#6 &#(!d$o# # k%ko (!$#*k% "!%+o&% "!%+o&% "o7! $%do$## $%do$## %&g"!$%#$ %&g"!$%#$ $%g 'ogo%. 'ogo%. U d!!o( k$(#,# Država 8'%o$ #,$o# $%(!*%'(##( k&##k "(!$o# # o!,#(!. T do$o# k&##k ko(% (! "(!&!$% $% "(!$o ko(% #"% k&#! o(!#'$! %&%d#g"! k%o ,o& oo$%%$(% % "(!$o k%o "#"!# -#% o! "#$o&#,#&%$% ,-og "#"!#*kog ko$5!% ko(# ( *#$# $!"o9$o" o,$%(# #d!(% % (! %'(!$% $% $%($#7 o$o'ok # o,$%($ &%,#$ (!& (! oo$%%!'( =o&%5 o&!#$! &!9! #,% &#&od!?. To&%5 o&!#$! &!9! #,% &#&od! ! "o7! o-(%$## 8'%o$o#" &#"(!&o" &#"% k&!!#"% # $(#6o#"% &#"% o&5#"%. Bog %&% #d!( k&!!% o-&$#k &%# o(!d#$%*$# k&!! o ,o& $% #d!%'$# % "(!$#k &%# '#k o-&$#ko% k&!!% k%o =o&%5 o&!#$! &!9! #,% &#&od!?. T%ko ! do'%,# do ,%k'(*k% d% (! "#"!#*k% "(!$o =&o&ko d%'!ko od -#k%? ! k%ko oo$%%!'( $!"% ,$%$(% o %&#"% ko(! oo$%% % (! %ko ko$%*$o (%$o k%ko (!$#5#"% $!do%(! ,$%$(!. 8&# 8&# "(!$ "(!$o o## d!!o d!!o(( k$(#,# k$(#,# "o7! "o7! $%" ! do#"% do#"%## k%o o&%d o&%d%$% %$% k&##k k&##k%% ='o! ='o! "(!$o#? ko(% (! ,%$o%$% ,%$o%$% $% &#$5# (!&$og% &!%'##*$og &!%'##*$og oo$%%$(% # god! ! do#% $#(! $#% d&go do'# k% ko#(% %&# #, o(!#'$og% #(!%. 8'%o$ 7!'# $%g'%## $!,$%$(! -'#k! ko(% (! %"% $!9!$% o,$%( $%(##6 &#(!d$o# % '%ko "o7! -## o-"%$(#%$% (!& $! o%7% d% % d(!'% =&o&ko d%'!ko od -#k% # d% #6 (! '%ko %&%# -!, ,$%$(% # ##$!?. Z% "(!$#k% Državi 8'%o$ &d# d% (! #$#&#&%$ !$,##%$ # (! %' " $!do%(! &%5#o$%'$o 6%9%$(! # %#&%5#(% ,% $%*#$ &%,"#(!%$(% ko(# ! o 8'%o$ o#7! 6
&o#$o &o!d!$#" &o!d!$#" 7#oo". 8(!$#k %ko %ko $!do%(! $o!k% $o!k% !"!'(!$o $(!go#6 #k%,% #k%,% # d(!'o%$(% k%ko -# "og%o o$d## o,d%$o "(!&#'o # odo k&o, 7#o. 8'%o$ %ko &%d# &%,'#k #,"!> do-&og (. o7!'($og oo$%%$(% $%&%" o$og% 'o!g ! (! #%k #o oo$%%$(! Državu %'# o$o ko(! #"% ,o& $%(##" !#*k#" &#(!d$o#"% (!& #, $(!g% "o7! &o#,%9# $!ko do-&o. Oo (! (%ko ,$%*%($o (!& "o7! o'7## k%o $%(-o'(! o&#! o-&%$# !,! d% 8'%o$ $#(! o! #g$o&#&%o # od-%5#o "#"!#*k "(!$o. D%%*! %#o (! oo$%%$(! (!& "o7! -## ko&#$o "o&%'$o"! odgo( % *#$# ! # (!5%$( ,$%$(% %ko #"% o(! ,o&! $%(##" &#(!d$o#"%.
4. Literatura
•
•
•
•
D!'#(% T&!9!5 T&!9!5 :. 8'%o$o% k&##k% "(!$o#. F#'o,o+k% -#-'#o!k% k$(#g% . Z%g&!-) :%k'%d% J&*#9 d.o.o 200. Z!$#9 B. C#"!# ko$!k 8'%o$o! # A&#o!'o! +#'o,o+#(!. FILOZOFSKA ISTRAIVA:JA H God. 4 ;1H4< .1 ;113@11< F&!d! Do&o6!% 8'%o E6#5) A$ O!&#! The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ;F%'' 2013 Ed##o$< Ed%&d :. Z%'% ;!d.< URL M6)//'%o.%$+o&d.!d/%&56#!/+%''2013/! M6)//'%o.%$+o&d.!d/%&56#!/+%''2013/!$&#!/'%o@!6#5/N. $&#!/'%o@!6#5/N. D!!!! D%$#!'.A& % I"#%#o$) 8'%o 5&##5#" :o!"-!& 2010. URL 6)//.!%"#$!&.5o"/%'!/%&@%@#"#%#o$@'%o@@5&##5#" 5o"/%'!/%&@%@#"#%#o$@'%o@@5&##5#"/N /N <6)//.!%"#$!&.
7
