Résumé Avec l’évolution rapide des technologies réseaux et télécoms radios mobiles, les chercheurs sont actuellement en train de préparer l’arrivée d’une nouvelle technologie baptisée LTE. Le réseau de la 4ème génération qui est encore l’objet de travaux de recherche vise à améliorer l’efficacité spectrale
et à augmenter la capacité de gestion du nombre des mobiles dans une même cellule. Il tend à offrir des débits élevés en situation de mobilité. Pour cela les opérateurs se tournent de plus en plus vers la bande des 1 800 MHz appelée aussi la bande 3, qu’ils voient comme la plus capacitaire et la plus
rentable pour les services LTE. Dans le contexte de l’arrivée de la LTE, notre travail s’est concentré sur le concept de refarming qui
consiste à libérer une portion de spectre de la bande GSM 1800 pour l’usage LTE .Après l’intégration de cette nouvelle technologie avec ses prédesseurs prédesseurs dans le réseau d’un opérateur
certaines problèmes liées à la mobilité de l’usager dans ses différents états se posent, comme le
transfert cellulaire en assurant une continuité de service et une bascule transparente entre les différentes technologies existantes à savoir le GSM et l’UMTS c’est ce que l’on appelle l’interworking .
Mots-clés : GSM, UMTS, LTE, l’évolution, interworking, refarming, continuité de service, transfert cellulaire.
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Abstract Mobile communications are conducted through various standards and technologies, and they are grouped by the level of their evolution into three generations. The beginning was the second generation and now researchers are working on the deployment of the fourth Generation Wireless Networks. The principle of refarming is defined to release a portion from the GSM 1800 MHz band for LTE use, the procedure of refarming allows operators to begin the commercial LTE process easily, with the rapid development of mobile data traffic, traffic, It will bring the coexistence interference between LTE and GSM systems, in order to ensure that , LTE and GSM systems can both be normally operated, the development of the adjacent frequencies coexistence protection strategy is one of the key issues that need to be addressed by refarming technology. The interworking between GSM, UMTS and the LTE mobile networks will be required so that seamless handovers occur across from one technology to another; there is a need to ensure seamless bascule between these technologies, including reliable intersystem changes, and service continuity between coverage areas or Public Pub lic Land Mobile Networks (PLMNs).
Keywords : GSM, UMTS, LTE, evolution, interworking, refarming, service continuity, handover.
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Table des matières Résumé ................................................... ......................................................................................................... ............................................................................................... ......................................... i Abstract ................................................................................................ ................................................ ii Liste des figures figur es .............................................. .................................................................................................... .................................................................................... .............................. vi Liste des sigles ................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................. ...................................... vii Introduction générale ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.
La gestion de mobilité ................................................ .................................................................................................... .................................................................. .............. 2 1.1
Introduction .............................................. ................................................................................................... ............................................................................ ....................... 2
1.2
Gestion de la mobilité au sein du réseau GSM ........................................................ .................................................................... ............ 3
1.2.1 Le mode veille.................................................................................................................. 3 1.2.2 Le mode connecté ............................................................................................................ 6 1.3
Gestion de la mobilité au sein du réseau UMTS.................................................... .................................................................. .............. 6
1.3.1 Les états mobiles ..................................................... ......................................................................................................... ......................................................... ..... 7 1.3.2 Le mode veille.................................................................................................................. 8 1.3.3 Le mode connecté .......................................................................................................... 12 1.4
Gestion de la mobilité au sein du réseau 4G : ................................................. .................................................................... ................... 13
1.4.1 Mode veille : .................................................................................................................. ................................................................... ............................................... 13 1.4.2 Mode connecté : ...................................................... .......................................................................................................... ....................................................... ... 16 1.5 2
Conclusion : .......................................................................................... ............................. 18
Refarming et Interworking ................................................. ...................................................................................................... ........................................................ ... 19 2.1
Introduction : ...................................................... .......................................................................................................... ................................................................ ............ 19
2.2
Le Refarming : ................................................................................................................... .................................................................... ............................................... 19
2.2.1 Définition : ................................................................................................ ..................... 19 2.2.2 Analyse globale du spectre 1800 MHz : ..................................................... ........................................................................ ................... 20 2.2.3 Pourquoi le refarming de la bande 1800 Mhz pour l’utilisation LTE ? ......................... 22 2.3
Interopérabilité (Interworking) entre entr e LTE et GSM /UMTS .............................................. 22
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3
Plan d’action du refarming......................................................................................................... 29
3.1
Introduction .............................................. ................................................................................................... .......................................................................... ..................... 29
3.1.1 Définition de logiciel : ................................................................................................... .................................................... ............................................... 29 3.2 4
La Re-planification des fréquences :.................................................................................. 30
Interworking et Optimisation de paramétrage par amétrage ........................................................................... ................................................................ ........... 43 4.1
Introduction : ...................................................... .......................................................................................................... ................................................................ ............ 43
4.2
Optimisation de paramétrage ............................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................. 44
4.2.1 La mobilité en LTE (Les différents cas de test) ................................................. ............................................................. ............ 44 4.2.2 Mobilité IRAT pour les Services voix ........................................................................... 54 4.3
Conclusion : .......................................................................................... ............................. 59
Conclusion générale ................................................. ...................................................................................................... .......................................................................... ..................... 60 Bibliographie......................................................................................................................................... i 5
ANNEXE : .................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................... ......................................... i 5.1
Introduction : ...................................................... .......................................................................................................... ................................................................... ............... i
5.2
La technologie GSM : ................................................ ..................................................................................................... ........................................................... ...... i
5.2.1 Le concept cellulaire : ..................................................... ....................................................................................................... .................................................. i 5.2.2 Les techniques d’accès :.................................................. ................................................................................................... ................................................. ii 5.2.3 Architecture du réseau GSM :.................................................. .......................................................................................... ........................................ ii 5.2.4 L’interface Air : ............................................. ................................................................................................. ................................................................. ............. iii 5.3
La technologie UMTS : .................................................................................. ........................... ........................................................................... .................... iv
5.3.1 Architecture du réseau rés eau UMTS : ...................................................................................... ......................................................................... ............. iv 5.3.2 Organisation fréquentielle :............................................................................................. vi 5.3.3 Les canaux UMTS : ....................................................................................................... .................................................................................... ................... vii 5.3.4 La technique d’accès W-CDMA :...................................................................... :.................. ................................................................ ............ vii 5.3.5 Les modes de duplexage en UMTS : ................................................ ............................................................................ ............................ viii 5.4
La technologie LTE : .......................................................................................................... ...................................................................................... .................... ix
5.4.1 L’architecture du réseau LTE :
ix
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Liste des tableaux Tableau I.
Le type de message d'informations système en GSM .............................................. 4
Tableau II.
Les différents types d’information système en UMTS. .......................................... ......................... ................. 10
................................................................ ........ 11 Tableau III. Les paramètres de sélection /resélection. ........................................................
Tableau IV.
Les informations systèmes s ystèmes en LTE. ...................................................... ....................................................................... ................. 14
Tableau V.
Les différentes problématiques. ............................................................................. ......................................... .................................... 23
Tableau VI.
Les canaux logiques du GSM avec leurs fonctions. ...............................................iv
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Liste des figures
........................................................................................ .............. 2 Figure 1.1. Les états d’un mobile en GSM. .......................................................................... con cept de NAS et AS ................................................ ................................................................................................. ................................................. 7 Figure 1.2. Le concept ................................................................................................ ................................................. 8 Figure 1.3. Les états RCC du mobile. ............................................... ............................................................................ ............................. 12 Figure 1.4. Le soft handover et le hard handover ............................................... d e mesure et de préparation du Handover ................................................. .................................................... ... 17 Figure 1.5. Les phases de ......................................................................................... ...................................... 18 Figure 1.6. Les trois phases du handover. ...................................................
Figure 2.1. L’emplacement des opérateur s sur le spectre 1800 DCS/LTE ...................................... 20 Figure 2.2 : la croissance de l’abonnement mobile par les technologies .......................................... 20 Figure 2.3. Le spectre de fréquences avant le refarming .................................................................. 21 Figure 2.4. Le spectre de fréquences après le refarming .................................................................. 21 ...................................................................... ................... 24 Figure 2.4. Types de couverture dans un réseau GUL ................................................... solu tions de camping en mode veille. v eille. ................................................... ...................................................................... ................... 25 Figure 2.5. Les solutions
Figure 2.6. Principe de CS FallBack ................................................................................................ 26 Figure 2.7. Procédure de CS Fallback déclenchée par un appel voix entrant en LTE ...................... 27 Figure 2.8. Principe de la SRVCC. ................................................................................................... 28 Figure 3.1. Les zones de travail. ....................................................................................................... 31 Figure 5.1. L’architecture d’un système GSM. ................................................................................... i ................................................................................ ..................... ii Figure 5.2. Les techniques d'accès. ..................................................................................................... .................................................................... ...................... iii Figure 5.3. Architecture du réseau GSM. ..........................................................................................
Figure 5.4 Architecture globale du réseau UMTS. ............................................................................. v chitecture du réseau d’accès. ................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .... vi Figure 5.5. Ar chitecture
Figure 5.6. Utilisation de la bande de fréquence pour l’UMTS ........................................................ vii ..................................................................................... ...................................... vii Figure 5.7. Le Mapping canaux en UMTS. ............................................... techniqu e CDMA ............................................................................................ .................................... ................................................................. ......... viii Figure 5.8. La technique
Figure 5.9. Les modes de duplexage utilisés en UMTS................................................................... viii ........................................................................................... ....................................... ix Figure 5.10. Architecture du réseau LTE ....................................................
Figure 5.11. Le réseau d’accès E-UTRAN.
x
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Liste des sigles 2G 2 ème génération
Inter-RAT Inter-Radio Access Technology
3G 3ème génération
IMEI International Mobile Equipment
3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
Identity
4G 4éme generation
IMS IP Multimedia Sub-system IMSI International Mobile Subscriber
AUC Authentication Center
Identity
ARFCN absolute radio-frequency channel
IP Internet Protocol
number
LAC location area code
AS access stratum
LTE Long Term Evolution
BSC Base Station Controller
MCC mobile country code
BTS Base Terminal Station
MME Mobility Management Entity
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
MS mobile station
CN core network
NAS no access stratum
CS circuit switching
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division
EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM
Multiplexing
Evolution
OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division
EPC Evolved Packet Core
Multiple Access
ENodeB Evolved NodeB
OMC Operations and Maintenance Center
E_UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial
OSS Operation Sub-System
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HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet
RNIS Réseau Numérique à Intégration de
Access
Services
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
RNS Radio Network Subsystem
HSS Home Suscriber Service
RPLMN registered public land mobile
IFFT Inverse fast Fourier transform
network
RTC Réseau téléphonique commuté RRC Radio Resource Control RSCP Received Signal Code Power RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality
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A cœur vaillant rien d’impossible A conscience tranquille tout est accessible Q uand uand il y a la soif d’apprendre Tout vient à point à qui sait attendre Q uand uand il y a le souci de réaliser un dessein Tout devient facile pour arriver à nos fins Malgré les obstacles qui s’opposent En dépit des difficultés qui s’interposent Les études sont avant tout Notre unique et seul atout Nous partons ivres d’un rêve héroïque et brutal Espérant des lendemains épiques Un avenir glorieux et magique Souhaitant que le fruit de nos efforts fournis Jour et nuit, nous mènera vers le bonheur fleuri Aujourd’hui, ici rassemblés auprès des jurys, Nous prions dieu que cette soutenance
Fera signe de persévérance
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Affable, honorable, aimable : Tu représentes pour moi le symbole de la bonté par p ar excellence, la source de tendresse et l’exemple du dévouement qui n’a pas cessé de m’encourager et de prier pour moi. Ta prière et ta bénédiction m’ont été d’un grand secours pour mener à bien mes études. Aucune dédicace ne saurait être assez éloquente pour exprimer ce que tu mérites pour tous les sacrifices que tu n’as cessé de me donner depuis ma naissance, durant mon enfance et même à l’âge adulte. Tu as fait plus qu’une mère puisse faire pour que ses enfants suivent le bon chemin dans leur vie et leurs études. Je te dédie ce travail en témoignage de mon profond amour. Puisse Dieu, le tout puissant, te préserver et t’accorder santé, santé, longue v ie ie et bonheur.
Aucune dédicace ne saurait saurait exprimer l’amour, l’estime, l’estime, le dévouement et le respect respect que j’ai toujours eu pour vous. Rien au monde ne vaut les efforts fournis jour et nuit pour mon éducation et mon bien être. Ce travail est le fruit de tes sacrifices que tu as consentis pour mon éducation et ma formation.
En témoignage de l’attachement, de l’amour et de l’affection que je porte pour vous. Malgré la distance, vous êtes toujours dans mon coeur. Je vous remercie pour votre hospitalité sans
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Je dédie ce modeste travail à… Mon très cher papa M’HAMED De tous les pères, tu es le meil leur, leur, tu as su m’entourer d’attention, m’inculquer les valeurs nobles de la vie, m’apprendre le sens du travail, de l’honnêteté et de la responsabilité. Tu es et tu seras toujours un exemple à suivre pour tes qualités humaines, ta persévérance et ton perfectionnisme. perfectionnisme. Des mots ne pourront jamais exprimer la profondeur de mon respect, ma considération, ma reconnaissance et mon amour éternel. Toi qui m’a donné tant de choses et tu continues à le faire…sans jamais te plaindre. J'aimerais pouvoir te rendre tout l'amour et la dévotion que tu nous as offerts, mais une vie entière n'y suffirait pas. J'espère au moins que ce mémoire y contribuera en partie…
Ma très chère maman AICHA A la plus douce et la plus merveilleuse merveilleuse de toutes les mamans. A une personne personne qui m’ a tout donné sans compter. Tu n’as pas cessé de me soutenir et de m’encou rager, m’encou rager, ton amour, ta générosité exemplaire et ta présence constante ont fait de moi ce que je suis aujourd’hui. Sans toi, je ne suis rien, mais grâce à toi je deviens ingénieur. Puisse Allah le tout puissant te protéger du mal, te procurer longue vie, santé et bonheur afin que je puisse te rendre un minimum de ce que je te dois.
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Remerciements
On a le plaisir d’exprimer nos vifs remerciements à monsieur BOUALAOUI Abderrahmane, ancien étudiant à l’INTTIC, pour nous avoir proposé ce sujet d’actualité assez passionnant, pour ses compétences, ses efforts, sa bienveillance et sa disponibilité, car malgré son occupation il a pu trouver le temps et le plaisir pour nous aider et nous conseiller concernant les difficultés évoquées dans ce rapport. On est appelé à reconnaître la contribution de cette personne au cours de la période écoulée pour ses conseils judicieux et ses qualités humaines. Son soutien sans faille, ses encouragements et nous ont permis de mener à bien ce travail. Nous remercions vivement notre encadreur, Monsieur AZIZOU Ahmed ; sa patience et son organisation nous ont permis de surmonter de nombreuses difficultés liées à ce travail. Nous tenons à lui exprimer nos sincères déférences pour son encadrement. Ses occupations respectives, bien que chargées, ne les ont pas fait reculer devant un rôle aussi exigeant qu’est celui d’être d’ être un encadrant. A l’ensemble du personnel de l’entreprise OOREDOO avec qui on a été amené a travaillé ; ceux qui nous ont beaucoup appris au cours de cette expérience si courte soit elle. En hommage à leur sympathie, on tient à remercier vivement tous les responsables
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1 Introduction générale
Introduction générale L’histoire des réseaux mobiles est jalonnée par trois étapes principales, auxquelles on donne
couramment le nom de génération. On parle de la première et deuxième génération de réseaux mobiles, généralement abrégées respectivement en 1G, 2G. Puis les améliorations se sont suivies, et la 3G, à savoir l’UMTS a fait so n apparition, apportant non seulement des modifications, mais aussi de toutes nouvelles notions. Le HSDPA et le HSPA sont apparus ensuite, traçant le chemin pour l’apparition de la LTE. Le futur des réseaux radio mobiles est tributaire de la disponibilité et de la gestion efficace du spectre de fréquences. En effet, la croissance cro issance du trafic et des débits requis nécessite des quantités supplémentaires de fréquences dans les bandes adéquates. Tel est le cas pour la technologie LTE. Lors de l’intégration de cette dernière avec ces prédécesseurs dans le réseau d’un opérateur se pose un défi concernant l’intégration et la collaboration entre plusieurs éléments du réseau de divers fabricants et aux technologies différentes. La signalisation de l’interopérabilité devient
alors un élément essentiel pour introduire de nouveaux services de manière rapide et compétitive. Notre étude se circonscrit dans l’optique de ce qu’on appelle le GUL Interworking (GSM UMTS LTE Interworking). Nous définirons tout d’abord les génér alités alités communes aux réseaux mobiles comme concepts
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2 Chapitre 1 : Gestion de mobilité
1. La gestion de mobilité 1.1 Introduction Dans un système radio mobile cellulaire, les utilisateurs, qu’ils soient immobiles ou en déplacement, se partagent une même ressource et doivent se rattacher rattac her à une cellule. Contrairement aux réseaux fixes, pour lesquels tous les utilisateurs possèdent les mêmes caractéristiques de transmission dictées par la ligne téléphonique, les utilisateurs mobiles rencontrent des conditions de transmission différentes. Ce qui implique l’introduction de fonctions de gestion de ressources radio, par le biais des messages de signalisation. Il s’agit de la sélection de cellule, de l’initiation, le maintien et la terminaison d’une connexion radio et aussi la gestion du handover. L’équipement usager n’est pas lié en permanence au réseau et n’est pas localisé de manière absolue, il
peut être éteint ou dans une zone non couverte. Cet équipement est mobile, il a besoin, pour pouvoir être joint à tout moment, de mettre à jour sa localisation à chaque fois qu’il change la zone de couverture.
Un mobile peut être éteint, allumé mais inactif (Idle) ou en réelle communication.
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1.2 Gestion de la mobilité au sein du réseau GSM La gestion de la mobilité est séparée en deux parties distinctes, le mode veille et le mode connecté :
1.2.1 Le mode veille Les principales fonctions mises en œuvre dans le cadre de la mobilité en mode veille sont :
Le processus de sélection de cellule A l’allumage du terminal, aucun des services souscrits par l’utilisateur n’est disponible. Très rapidement,
le MS doit être capable de « se faire connaitre » auprès du réseau pour être en position de recevoir ou de transmettre des messages d’information. Ceci impose que le MS soit d’abord calé sur une cellule. a. Calage sur une cellule : Quand le mobile a sélectionné un réseau et une cellule, il effectue les opérations suivantes : IL reçoit les informations concernant le système diffusé par le réseau sur le canal BCCH. IL peut à tout moment établir rapidement une communication en accédant au réseau sur le canal RACH de la cellule sélectionnée. IL écoute le canal PCH. Une mise à jour de localisation.
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Le type de message d’informations système
Description des informations système
System information-1(SI1)
Les paramètres Cell ARFCN, RACH qui sont nécessaires pour accéder au système par le MS et les informations liées au hopping sont envoyés dans ce message SI.
System information-2(SI2)
System information-2bis (SI-2bis) System information-2ter (SI-2ter
System information-2
Les fréquences voisines BCCH et les informations du PLMN sont envoyées dans ce SI, le MS utilise ces fréquences pour fréquences pour les mesures de puissance de signal requis pour le Handover. le contrôle RACH et le BCCH extended sur les cellules voisines. Les cellules voisines sur lesquelles les informations du BCCH extended sont fournies dans ce SI Les informations relatives aux cellules voisines de 3G.
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La mise à jour de localisation Afin d’éviter une forte charge en signalisation lors des procédures de localisation, le réseau mobile définit un ensemble de cellules appelées zone de localisation. Il est à préciser qu’un VLR peut peut gérer plusieurs zones de localisations. Le déclenchement de la procédure est à l’initiative du mobile et peut être périodique, où provoqué surtout lors du passage d’un d ’un mobile dans une nouvelle zone. z one. La mise à jour de localisation s’effectue en quatre étapes :
1. Le mobile prend connaissance de la mise à jour à travers le canal BCCH, diffusé par la station de base ; 2. Le mobile indique au nouveau VLR son TMSI (Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity) et son ancienne zone de localisation ; 3. Le nouveau VLR informe le HLR dont dépend le mobile de sa nouvelle zone de localisation ; 4. A travers cette dernière opération, qui s’effectue seulement dans le cas de deux VLR distincts, le HLR demande à l’ancien VLR d’effacer les informations relatives à l’utilisateur.
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La cellule sélectionnée est donc celle dont le paramètre C1 est le plus important. import ant. Toutes les cinq secondes sont recalculées C1 et C2 afin de vérifier que le mobile est toujours dans la cellule ou qu’il n’existe pas de meilleure cellule. Si C1 est trop important ou si on trouve une meilleure cellule avec C2, il y a alors réélection. [3]
1.2.2 Le mode connecté Le transfert cellulaire au sein et entre les différents systèmes d’accès est réalisé grâce à des handovers afin de maintenir la continuité de service entre les différents utilisateurs.
Le Handover en GSM Le Handover ou le transfert cellulaire est l'ensemble des fonctions et des opérations mises en œuvre entre
une ou plusieurs stations de service et une station mobile, pour permettre à cette dernière de changer de cellule et de bénéficier des services d’une autre cellule au lieu de l’ancienne. Tout en restant en
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états RCC du mobile.[3] Figure 1.3. Les états
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b.
Les phases dans la sélection de cellule :
La procédure de synchronisation : Au cours de cette procédure appelée aussi procédure de recherche de cellule, l’UE essaiera à partir p artir du SCH de déterminer la référence temporelle(début temporelle (début d’un slot, d’une trame). Une fois qu’une cellule est détectée, il est possible de mesurer sa puissance et de
tenter de décoder les informations système contenues dans le BCH.
Le décodage du BCH : En décodant les informations du BCH de la cellule candidate à la sélection, il sera possible au mobile de déterminer si celle-ci appartient au PLMN sélectionné. L’évaluation des critères pour déterminer si la cellule est convenable : Pour
savoir si la cellule détectée peut offrir un niveau de service « convenable », il faut effectuer une série de mesures qui
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SIB 11
SIB 12
Il transporte les mesures des informations de control c ontrol (UE en IDLE mode) Il transporte les mesures des informations de control (l’UE en mode
connecté)
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b. Critère de resélection R : Le critère R (pour Ranking) permet de classer les cellules et de choisir la meilleure. Il s’agit d’un critère de qualité additionnel qui effectue un classement de cellules satisfont le critère S suivant les quantités Rs calculées pour la cellule active et Rn calculé pour chacune des cellules voisines candidates à la
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1.3.3 Le mode connecté Handover en UMTS Il existe en UTRA deux principaux types de handover :
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1.4 Gestion de la mobilité au sein du réseau 4G : 1.4.1 Mode veille :
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Description LTE system information blocks
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Case 1 : LTE
3G cell resélection
Analyses des fichier Logs
- Des seuils spéciaux ont été utilisés afin de vérifier les conditions de resélection IRAT à l’office d’OOREDOO, nous avons configuré l’UTRAN avec une priorité plus grande que le GERAN uCelResPrio = 5 et gCelResPrio = 4. •
RSRP mesuré (cellule serveuse) – qrxlevmin< threshSrvLow
Abbreviated Name MO Class Value Snonintrasearch
LNCEL
threshSrvLow
LNCEL
Note
-90
Threshold for RSRP of serving cell for start of
dBm
IRAT Measurements
40 dB
Consulté la formule en dessus
UE is in LTE
UE is in WCDMA
Case 2: 3G
LTE cell reselection
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Abbreviated Name
MO Class
Value
ADJLId
ADJL
1
AdjLEARFCN
ADJL
1860
AdjLMeasBw
ADJL
50
HopLIdentifier
ADJL
1
AdjLAbsPrioCellReselec
HOPL
1
AdjLQrxlevminEUTRA
HOPL
-130 dbm
AdjLThreshigh
HOPL
0
AdjLThreslow
HOPL
0
HOPLId
HOPL
1
SIB19Priority
RNC
3
EUTRAdetection
RNFC
1
AbsPrioCellReselec
WCEL
0
LTECellReselection
WCEL
1
Sprioritysearch1
WCEL
0
Sprioritysearch2
WCEL
0
Threshservlow
WCEL
0
Qqualmin
WCEL
-18 dB
QrxLevMin
WCEL
-115 dBm
Treselection
WCEL
2s
TreselectionPCH
WCEL
2s
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UE is in 3G
UE is in LTE
Case 3: LTE
2G cell resélection
Analyse des fichiers Logs
-
Des seuils spéciaux ont été utilisés afin de vérifier les conditions de resélection IRAT à l’office de OOREDOO, nous avons configuré le GRAN avec une priorité plus grande que l’UTRAN uCelResPrio = 4 et gCelResPrio = 5.
UE is in LTE
UE is in
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MO
Abbreviated Name Snonintrasearch threshSrvLow
Class LNCEL
Value
Note
-90
Threshold for RSRP of serving cell for start of IRAT
dBm
Measurements
LNCEL 40 dB
Case 4: 2G
Consulté la formule
LTE cell reselection
Analyse des fichiers Logs
-
Les messages de signalisations ci-dessous nous montrent que l’UE resélectionne la LTE à cause de l’utilisation du RG301854.
UE is in 2G
UE is in LTE
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4.2.2 Mobilité IRAT pour les Services voix CS Fallback avec redirection UTRAN/GERAN CS Fallback avec redirection CS Fallback avec redirection est activé à l’aide des paramètres ci-dessous : Name
Range
Design
Description
actCSFBRedir
disabled (0),
enabled (1)
The parameter activates the feature 'Circuit Switched
(LNBTS)
enabled (1)
Fallback to UTRAN or GSM via Redirection'. If the feature is activated, mobile originated and mobile terminated CS calls are redirected to targets which are to be configured via REDRT objects.
•
La feature est déclenchée soit par un appel voix entrant ou un appel voix sortant.
•
Peut survenir à tout emplacement dans la cellule.
•
Les objets ci-dessous définissent la même priorité pour les appels d’urgence.
•
Durant les tests nous avons changé la Priorité des RAT a testé.
Name csFallBPrio (REDRT)
Range
Design
Description
1 to 56
1/2
This parameter defines priority for target RAT in selection of redirection target during CS Fallback with redirection procedure. Value 1 means highest priority and value 6 lowest.
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Cas 5 : la redirection vers l’UTRAN
Analyse des traces
-
Les traces ci-dessous capturées par l’outil ” Emil ” dans la partie LTE nous montrent la requête du service extensible pour un type ”MO CSFB”, suivi par un message de suppression de l’ERRC qui contient aussi les informations de redirection vers l’UTRAN. L’appel sera pris en charge par le RAT 3G.
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L’analyse des fichiers Logs de test
-
Le message « RRC connexion release » contient les informations de la redirection vers l’UTRAN. L’appel sera terminé dans l’UTRAN tout en commençant par une mise à jour de localisation puis la mise en place de l’appel. Après la libération du canal ; le RAT LTE sera resélectionné.
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Cas 6 la redirection vers le GERAN
Analyse des traces
Les traces ci-dessous capturées par l’outil ” Emil ” dans la partie LTE nous montrent la requête du service extensible pour un type ”MO CSFB”, suivi par un message de suppression du e-RRC qui contient aussi les informations de redirection vers le GRAN. L’appel sera pris en charge par le
RAT 2G.
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L’analyse des fichiers Logs de test
Le message « RRC connexion release » contient les informations de la redirection vers le GERAN. L’appel sera terminé dans le GERAN tout en commençant par une mise à jour de localisation puis la mise en place de l’appel. Après la libération du canal ; le RAT LTE sera
resélectionné.
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4.3 Conclusion : Notre travail consiste dans d ans une première partie p artie à l’optimisation du spectre de la bande 1800 en Algérie Après l’attribution des licences LTE de 10Mhz par l’ARPT et l’exigence de cette dernière
concernant la libération de quelques ARFCN afin de pouvoir rayonner la technologie LTE dans ces bandes libres ; qui a été réalisée par le refarming. En deuxième étape et après la libération totale de la bande choisie pour la LTE et après le scanne de fréquence qui a été réalisé par les autorités de régulations pour s’assurer qu’aucun ARFCN /DCS ne rayonne dans cette bande. Nous avons travaillé ; sur l’interopérabilité entre notre nouvelle cellule LTE (cellule test) et les technologies existantes GSM et UMTS dans la partie radio afin que le réseau puisse gérer les utilisateurs dans leurs différents états (IDLE mode /connected mode ; handover) et assurer la continuité de service pour ces utilisateurs (CSFB, SRVCC).
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60 Conclusion générale
Conclusion générale Dans ce projet, nous avons spécifié les mécanismes de réalisation des interconnexions entre différentes technologies, ce qui nous renvoie dans le sens de notre travail à définir la mobilité inter/intra système. Nous citons à titre d’exemple le handover inter-RAT et la sélection/resélection. Dans le sens où se sont des concepts de mobilité dans un environnement dans lequel se trouve une multitude de réseaux d’accès utilisant les différentes technologies
mobiles (GSM UMTS LTE). Le défi derrière l’émergence de ce concept est l’évolution des réseaux et le besoin de faire
cohabiter différentes technologies afin de satisfaire les attentes du client en matière de services. Ces services ne cessent d’évoluer ainsi que la demande des clients sont parmi les facteurs essentiels dans le développement des stratégies d’interfonctionnement entre systèmes. Comme vu dans ces chapitres, le mécanisme d’interopérabilité est assez complexe. La décision d’exécuter les processus de mobilité met en jeu plusieurs paramètres précédemment cités, recueillis à partir de plusieurs équipements du réseau. La gestion de mobilité vue comme l’axe
de notre mémoire doit être soumise à des évaluations afin de connaitre les avantages et les
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Bibliographie [1] “WCDMA SIB types | System Infor mation mation Block in UMTS-MIB, SIB.” [Online]. Available: http://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/WCDMA-SIB-SystemInformation-Block-types.html. [Accessed: 01-Jun-2016]. [2] flaunay, “Non Access Stratum | Frédéric Launa y.” . [3] David LAMUREY, “Introduction au système cellulaire UMTS-HSPA Introduction au LTE.” 2013.
[4] J. Sanchez and M. Thioune, UMTS: releases 6, 7 et 8 : HSUPA, MBMS et LTE/E -UTRA -UTRA inclus. Paris: Hermès science : Lavoisier, 2008. [5] X. Lagrange, Principes et évolutions évolutions de l’UMTS . Paris: Hermès Science Publications, 2005. [6] Y. Bouguen, E. Hardouin, F.-X. Wolff, G. Pujolle, and A. Maloberti, LTE Maloberti, LTE et les réseaux r éseaux 4G.. Paris: Eyrolles, 2012. 4G [7] H. Holma, Ed., LTE Ed., LTE for UMTS: OFDMA and SC-FDMA based radio access, access, Reprinted. Chichester: Wiley, 2009. [8] Ooredoo, “LTE Preparation Project.” 11-May-2016. [9] NOKIA Simens Network, “introduction to LTE and NSN LTE R A implementation overview.” 2012. [10] “Refarming 4G : SFR et Orange autorisés à utiliser la bande 1800 MHz dès 2016 -
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5 ANNEXE : 5.1 Introduction : Au fil des dernières décennies, les réseaux cellulaires ont connu une évolution remarquable grâce au déploiement successif de plusieurs standards, la deuxième génération, la troisième génération et la quatrième génération. Cette évolution a connu, d’une part l’apparition de nouvelles techniques d’accès qui ont caractérisées l’interface radio et d’une autre part le déploiement de nouveaux équipements, a qui s’ajoute de nouvelles interfaces, de nouveaux protocoles assurant l’interfonctionnement de ces derniers. Cette partie présente les
caractéristiques essentielles de chaque système, ainsi que son architecture générale.
5.2 La technologie GSM : GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) très largement utilisée est la première norme de téléphonie cellulaire qui soit pleinement numérique, Le réseau GSM offre à ses abonnés des services qui permettent la communication de stations mobiles de bout en bout à travers le réseau. La téléphonie est la plus importante des services offerts. Les autres services Proposés sont la transmission de données à faibles débits et la transmission de messages alphanumériques courts. Le GSM transporte les informations en mode circuit dans le réseau.
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5.2.2 Les techniques d’accès : Le réseau GSM combine deux méthodes de multiplexage :
FDMA : La méthode d’accès FDMA ou Accès Multiple par Répartition de Fréquences (AMRF) est un
multiplexage fréquentiel partageant Chacune des bandes dédiées au système GSM en 124 canaux d'une largeur de 200 kHz.
TDMA : La technique d’accès TDMA ou Accès Multiple à Répartition dans le Temps (AMRT) offre La
totalité de la bande de fréquences à chaque utilisateur pendant une fraction de temps donnée, dénommée slot (intervalle de temps). La durée d'un slot en GSM est fixée à Tslot égale à environ 0.577 ms. chaque porteuse (canal physique) supporte huit intervalles de temps (time slot) attribués à huit communications simultanées.
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3. Le centre d'exploitation et de maintenance (OSS) : (Opération Subsystem) Ce sous-système est branché aux différents éléments du sous-système réseau de même qu’au contrôleur de station de base (BSC). Par une vue d’ensemble du réseau le OSS contrôle et gère le trafic au niveau du BSS.
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Catégorie
Nom
Sens
Rôle
diffusion BCH (commun)
BCCH
Descendant
Diffusion d’infos
systèmes spécifique à la cellule FCCH
Contrôle (commun)
Descendant
SCH
Descendant
AGCH
Descendant
Synchronisation fréquentielle Synchronisation et identification de la cellule Réponse du réseau à l'accès initial
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Trois domaines composent l'architecture du réseau UMTS : celui de l’équipement utilisateur (UE), celui du réseau d’accès radio universel un iversel (UTRAN) et le domaine du réseau cœur (CN). Les
domaines d'UTRAN et de CN font partie du domaine d'infrastructure en réseau.
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Figure 5.5. Architecture du réseau d’accès.[5]
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L’UMTS propose la répartition expliquée par la figure :
Figure 5.6. Utilisation de la bande de fréquence pour l’UMTS.[3]
5.3.3
Les canaux UMTS :
Il existe trois classes de canaux : Canaux logiques : caractérisés par le type d’information véhiculé (Contrôle/Trafic).
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Le Principe de la méthode CDMA : L’Accès Multiple à Répartition par les Codes est une technique radicalement différente des deux précédentes. Les usagers d’un système CDMA utilisent tous la même bande de fréquence au
même instant, la séparation entre les différents usagers étant assurée par un code propre à chacun
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5.4 La technologie LTE : Cette technologie a comme but de permettre le transfert de données à très haut débit, avec une portée plus importante, un nombre d'appels par cellule supérieur et un temps de latence plus
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Le réseau d’accès (E-UTRAN) : Le réseau d’accès est constitué d’une seule entité : ENodeB responsable de la transmission et de la réception radio avec le terminal. Dans la 3G on trouve deux entités dans l’UTRAN : la
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Le réseau cœur évolué EPC est composé de cinq principales entités :
Mobility Management Entity
Entité de gestion de mobilité, MME c’est le nœud principal de contrôle du réseau d'accès
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capable de récupérer l'information perdue sur d'autres fréquences porteuses qui n'auront pas été détruites.
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