Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif (Cooperative Learning)

ZDK@DIALK@LK IMEDH ZDIADHLFLQLK CMMZDQLUOB 'NMMZDQLUORD HDLQKOK@/ AL@O ZDKOK@CLULK CDNDQEL^LK ^MÔLH PLQ@L ADHLFLQ ADHLFLQ ZLCDU A '^tlut Zdkdhouolk Eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm/ Ed~dqul~o Eolftclk tkutc Ididktgo ^dalòlk Elqo ^ylqlu tkutc Idizdqmhdg @dhlq Emcumq Ohit Zdkeoeoclk elhli Aoelk` Zdkeoeoclk Htlq ^dcmhlg

Mhdg6

Qt~eok Efoat KOI6 :7:?4?0 ZQM@QLI ÛTEO ZH^ ^DCMHLG ZL^NL ^LQFLKL TKORDQÔUL^ ZDKEOEOCLK OKEMKDÔL ALKETK@ 1:<1

Eq+ Qt~eok Efoat( I+Ze x

Zl`d <

LAÛQLC Zdkdhouolk oko adqumhlc elqo Zdqil~lhlglk okudqklh zlel zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk ylk` lel eo ZCAI)ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm ylk` zlel titikyl il~og adqzt~lu zlel zdkeoeoc lult utumq+ Edk`lk clul hlok algpl zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlkkyl il~og adq~oblu cmkrdk~omklh+ ^lhlg ~lut tzlyl cd lqlg out ilcl idhlhto zdkdhouolk oko eocdialk`clk Imedh Zdiadhlflqlk Cmmzdqluob Nmmzdqluord Nmmzdqluord Hdlqkok`/ Hdlqkok` / Alò Zdkok`clulk Cdndqel~lk ^m~olh Plq`l Adhlflq Zqm`qli Zlcdu A zlel Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ Cmul @mqmkulhm Udmqo ylk` idhlkel~o zdkdhouolk oko lelhlg6Uudmqo elk ZzdkedclulkMqlk` Edpl~l( Lkeql`mòc( Zdiadhlflqlk Cmmzdqluob( Cdndqel~lk ^m~olh( Zqm`qli Zlcdu A elk Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu Idumed ylk` eo`tklclk elhli zdkdhouolk oko lelhlg Qd~dlqng lke Edrdhmzidku 'QE/( 'QE/ ( ylk` idhoztuo cdòlulk6 / rlhoel~o lgho elk qdro~o( 5/ oizhdidkul~o imedh( 4/ tfo cddbdcuoblk imedh( elk 2/ imedh eoqdcmidkel~oclk+ Gl~oh zdkdhouolk elk zdk`dialk`lk idktkftcclk6 / rlhoel~o lgho udhlg idk`gl~ohclk imedh cmk~dzutlh zdk`dialk`lk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq( 5/ oizhdidkul~o imedh idk`gl~ohclk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq( 4/ Imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ylk` eocdialk`clk elhli zdkdhouolk udqkylul dbdcuob elhli idkok`cluclk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq+ Uditlk zdkdhouolk oko idktkftcclk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluobh ylk` eocdialk`clk zlutu eoqdcmidkel~oclk cdzlel zoglc)zoglc udqclou elhli tzlyl idkok`cluclk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq+


Zl`d 1

ALA O ZDKELGTHTLK L+ Hlulq Adhlclk` Il~lhlg Cdòlulk Zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh ylk` idknlctz zdkeoeoclk okbmqilh( kmk bmqilh elk adqbtk`~o idkfleo iouql zdkeoeoclk bmqilh idqtzlclk zdqptftelk zdqptftelk Zdkeoeoclk ^dzlkflk` Glylu+ Zdkeoeoclk okbmqilh ylk` eo~dhdk``lqlclk zlel hok`ctz cdhtlq`l idilokclk zdqlk tulil elhli idizqlcl~lo zqm~d~ adhlflq ~dzlkflk` glylu ylk` adqhlk`~tk` ~dhli qdkulk` plcut cdgoetzlk ~d~dmqlk`+ ^dhlok zdiadhlflqlk eozdqmhdg zthl zdiaol~llk zdiaol~llk elk zdkdhlelklk( ~dal`lo iouql zdkeoeoclk bmqilh ilc~tekyl Zdkeoeoclk Htlq ^dcmhlg elzlu adqbtk`~o ~dal`lo ~ta~uout~o( cmizhdidk( elk ~tzhdidk ~dqul elzlu idkfdialulko cd etkol cdqfl+ Zdkeoeoclk kmk bmqilh ylk` eo~dhdk``lqlclk eo il~ylqlclu zlel hdial`l ylk` idialkut zd~dqul eoeoc eo il~ylqlclu ~dgok``l ~dhlht adhlflq udkulk` kohlo( ~oclz( zdk`dulgtlk elk cduqlizohlk btk`~omklh ylk` eozdqhtclk tkutc idk`lutlho~l~oclk eoqo elk tkutc tkutc idk`dialk`clk il~ylqlclu ~dqul alk`~l edk`lk ~dhlht adqmqodkul~o zlel cdilftlk cdgoetzlk il~l edzlk+ Idhoglu nlctzlk ylk` ~dediocolk htl~( Zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh uoelc eoudizluclk zlel zohlq zdkeoeoclk cdulu( Zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh eoudizluclk zlel ululklk Zdkeoeoclk ^dzlkflk` Glylu clqdkl Zdkeoeoclk ^dzlkflk` Glylu idiadqo lql` l`lq zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh idialkut zd~dqul eoeoc tkutc idk`dialk`clk eoqo idhlhto zqm~d~ zqm~d~ ‘zdkedpl~llk’ ylk` ~dhlht adqt~lgl idkditclk cdztl~lk alò eoqo okeoroet eo hok`ctlk`lk idhlhto lcutlho~l~o eoqo( ~dqul elhli tzlyl idkok`cluclk ctlhoul~ goetz elk cdgoetzlk tkutc cdadqilckllk eoplcut ylk` lclk elulk`+ Adqcdkllk edk`lk zdhlc~lkllk zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh( udqil~tc eo elhlikyl zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk Zlcdu A( il~og idk`glelzo adadqlzl zdqil~lhlglk+ Zdqulil( adhti idkelzlu zdilglilk elk zdqgluolk ylk` zqmbd~omklh elqo zdidqokulg iltztk il~ylqlclu elhli ~o~udi zdialk`tklk kl~omklh( aloc ylk` adqcdkllk edk`lk zdqlutqlk zdqtkelk`lk iltztk etctk`lk lk``lqlk ~dgok``l zdidqlullk zdhlylklk zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh alò il~ylqlclu eo adqal`lo hlzo~lk elk eo adqal`lo eldqlg adhti elzlu eohlc~lklclk ~dnlql mzuoilh+ Cdetl( il~og udqalul~kyl ftihlg elk itut udkl`l zqmbd~omklh zlel ok~uout~o zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh eo uok`clu zt~lu elk eldqlg elhli idk`dhmhl( idk`dialk`clk( elk idhdial`lclk zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh+ Cduo`l( il~og udqalul~kyl ~lqlkl elk zql~lqlkl zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh aloc ylk` idktkflk` zdkydhdk``lqllk iltztk zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh elhli qlk`cl idizdqhtl~ cd~dizlulk( zdkok`clulk itut elk qdhdrlk~o gl~oh zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh edk`lk cdatutglk zdialk`tklk+ Cddizlu( udq~dhdk``lqlkyl cdòlulk zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh eo hlzlk`lk udq`lkutk` zlel udkl`l ~tclqdhl ylk` uoelc lel cloulk ~uqtcutqlh edk`lk zdidqokulg ~dgok``l uoelc lel flioklk cd~okliatk`lk zdhlc~lkllk zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh+ Cdhoil( zdqlk ~dqul il~ylqlclu elhli idizqlclq~lo zdkydhdk``lqllk elk zdhdial`llk zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh il~og qdhluob ~lk`lu qdkelg+ Eo ~lizok` out elhli Tkelk`)Tkelk` ô~udi Zdkeoeoclk Kl~omklh udq~datu eofdhl~clk zthl algpl zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh adqbtk`~o idk`dialk`clk zmudk~o zd~dqul eoeoc edk`lk zdkdclklk zlel zdk`tl~llk zdk`dulgtlk elk


Zl`d >

cdudqlizohlk btk`~omklh+ btk`~omklh+ ^delk`clk zdkydhdk``lqllk zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh adqutftlk tkutc idkok`cluclk ctlhoul~ elyl zocoq( elyl clhat( elk elyl bo~oc zd~dqul eoeoc ~dgok``l ylk` adq~lk`ctulk idiohoco hdaog alkylc zohoglk elhli cdgoetzlk( aloc zohoglk cd~dizlulk tkutc idhlkftuclk zdkeoeoclk ylk` hdaog uok`ò( zohoglk cd~dizlulk tkutc adcdqfl( iltztk zohoglk tkutc idk`dialk`clk eoqokyl+ Tkutc idknlzlo utftlk udq~datu( zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh zdqht idiadqoclk adclh el~lq cdiliztlk( cd~lk``tzlk( elk cdudqlizohlk cdzlel zd~dqul eoeoc l`lq idqdcl ~olz idk`glelzo adqal`lo cdgoetzlk kylul+ Tzlyl)tzlyl udq~datu atclk uoelc adqgl~oh ~lil ~dclho elhli idkok`cluclk cdiliztlk( cd~lk``tzlk( elk cdudqlizohlk goetz ulilulkkyl( lclk udulzo cdgoetzlk kylul idktkutu zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh tkutc idhlctclk zdkyd~tlolk)zdkyd~tlolk+ Zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh eoutkutu idk`gl~ohclk ulilulk ylk` ili ilizt( zt( ~lk``tz( elk udqlizoh tkutc idk`glelzo ulkulk`lk goetz ~dqul adqcmizduo~o elk adqcmhlamql~o ~dclho`t~+ Zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh idqtzlclk hdial`l zdkeoeoclk ylk` adqal~o~ il~ylqlclu( idiohoco cdhdhtl~llk elhli idk`dialk`clk elk idiaokl adqal`lo ilnli zqm`qlikyl+ ^dzdquo glhkyl zdkydhdk``lqllk zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh hlokkyl( zdkydhdk``lqllk zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk Zqm`qli Zlcdu A idkfleo ulk``tk` flpla il~ylqlclu elk zdidqokulg+ Klitk ediocolk zdkydhdk``lqllk zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh hdaog idiadqelylclk il~ylqlclu ~dal`lo zdqdknlkl( zdhlc~lkllk ~dqul zdk`dkelho zqm`qli+ Zdidqokulg Eldqlg Zqmrok~o( Clatzludk elk Cmul ~dnlql udqt~ idkdqt~ idiadqo zdqgluolk udqglelz zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh ~dal`lo tzlyl zdkok`clulk ~tiadq elyl ilkt~ol+ Zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh ~dymòlkyl idkfleo ~lhlg ~lut ~mht~o udqglelz zdqil~lhlglk il~ylqlclu( udqtulil lklc t~ol ~dcmhlg ylk` uoelc ilizt idhlkftuclk zdkeoeoclk elk lklc t~ol ztut~ ~dcmhlg ^hlidu( 1::1/+ Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk( ~d~tlo Tkelk`)tkelk` ô~eockl~ zl~lh < lylu < udkulk` flhtq zdkeoeoclk elk zl~lh 12 lylu 2( gl~ohkyl elzlu eoglq`lo ~dulql edk`lk gl~oh zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk bmqilh ~dudhlg idhlhto zqm~d~ zdkohlolk zdkydulqllk mhdg hdial`l ylk` eoutkftc mhdg Zdidqokulg lult Zdidqokulg Eldqlg edk`lk idk`lnt zlel ~ulkelq kl~omklh zdkeoeoclk+ Ilckl ~dulql elhli cmk~dz zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk lelhlg ~dzlelk elhli glh dhoòaohoul~( kohlo( zdk`lqtg lult zdk`lctlk htht~lkkyl+ Zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlkkyl glqt~ elzlu idkfliok l`lq htht~lkkyl idiohoco cdiliztlk( cdnlclzlk( elk kohlo)kohlo ylk` adq`tkl elhli idkdiztg cdgoetzlkkyl+ Cd~dulqllk adqilckl cd~lillk ~ulkelq cmizdudk~o htht~lk ylk` glqt~ eonlzlo ylk` ~lil edk`lk htht~lk ~dcmhlg bmqilh lclk udulzo nlql idknlzlokyl ylk` adqadel+ Zdqadellk oko zthl ylk` idkfleo ~lhlg ~lut glh idklqoc tkutc eoclfo ~dal`lo alglk clfolk ohiolg+ Zlel zdkeoeoclk bmqilh alkylc idumed elk imedh zdiadhlflqlk ylk` eoudqlzclk mhdg zlql zdkeoeoc `tkl tkutc idk``lho adqal`lo ilnli cqdluoroul~ ylk` eoiohoco mhdg zd~dqul eoeoc ~dgok``l idqdcl ilizt adqcmizdudk~o tkutc idk`dialk`clk cqdluoroul~ udq~datu idhlhto adqal`lo ilnli cmizduo~o eo hok`ctk`lk ~dcmhlgkyl( iltztk lkulq ~dcmhlg aloc eo uok`clu eldqlg clatzludk-cmul uok`clu zqmrok~o( iltztk uok`clu kl~omklh algclk uok`clu etkol ylk` idhoztuo adqal`lo aoelk` ohit zdk`dulgtlk elk udckmhmò+


Zl`d 5

Lhtq zdiocoqlk eo lul~ idkfleo ok~zoql~o hlgoqkyl `dqlclk tkutc idk`tqlkò ql~l ndil~ elk ztut~ l~l elqo plq`l adhlflq+ ^lhlg ~lut zqm`qli lhudqkluob zdidnlglkkyl lelhlg edk`lk idizdqaloco elk idkok`cluclk cqdluoroul~ elhli zdiadhlflqlk zlel flhtq zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh ylk` eolk``lz ~uqludò~ elk idqtzlclk el~lq zdk`dulgtlk alò ~d~dmqlk` ugd ugd d~~dkuolh hdlqkok` kdde~/+ kdde~ /+ Clfolk elk Okmrl~o zdiadhlflqlk ylk` ~dlqlg edk`lk utkutulk vlilk lclk idhlgoqclk ~ulqludò alqt elhli zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh cgt~t~kyl elhli zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk Elhli zdquoialk`lk lcledio~( udckoc elk adqal`lo ilnli imedh zdiadhlflqlk ylk` eoudqlzclk( eolk``lz dbdcuob tkutc idk``lho zmudk~o elk idkok`cluclk cdndqel~lk ylk` eoiohco mhdg ~d~dmqlk` cgt~t~kyl zlel zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk Zlcdu A+ Idktqtu TKD^NM( zdiadhlflqlk ylk` dbdcuob zlel lale oko glqt~ eomqodkul~oclk zlel dizlu zohlq ylout( '/ hdlqkok` um ad( elk '5/ hdlqkok` um hord um`dugdq + um`dugdq + Cddizlukyl elzlu eotqloclk algpl elhli zqm~d~ zdkeoeoclk idhlhto adqal`lo cdòlulk zdiadhlflqlk zd~dqul eoeoc eolqlgclk tkutc idizdqmhdg zdk`dulgtlk udkulk` ~d~tlut( idkdqlzclk lult idk`lzhocl~oclk lzl ylk` eocdulgtokyl udq~datu `tkl idkfleoclk eoqokyl ~dal`lo ~d~dmqlk` ylk` hdaog aloc elhli cdgoetzlk ~m~olh adq~lil mqlk` hlok+ Elhli qlk`cl idqdlho~l~oclk ‗hdlqkok` ‗hdlqkok` um ckmp‟( ckmp‟ ( utumq idiohoco adqal`lo btk`~o ylk` eo lkulqlkyl lelhlg ~dal`lo bl~ohoulumq( ylout ~dal`lo udilk ~dflplu elhli adqeolhm` elk adqeo~ct~o edk`lk plq`l adhlflq `tkl idk`dialk`clk zdk`tl~llk zdk`dulgtlk iltztk ohit udqudkut+ Hdlqkok` um em adhlflq tkutc idhlctclk ~d~tlut/ lclk ao~l adqflhlk focl ~dcmhlg idibl~ohoul~o plq`l adhlflq tkutc idk`lzhocl~oclk cdudqlizohlk ylk` eoiohocokyl ~dgok``l elzlu adqcdialk` elk elzlu idketctk` cdadqgl~ohlk plq`l adhlflq klkuokyl+ Hdlqkok` um ad adhlflq tkutc idkfleo ~d~dmqlk`/ dqlu gtatk`lkkyl edk`lk alclu elk ioklu( zdqcdialk`lk bo~oc elk cdfopllk( uozmhmò zqoaleo lklc ~dqul cmkeo~o hok`ctk`lkkyl+ Alò lklc ylk` l`qd~ob( zqm~d~ zdk`dialk`lk eoqo lclk adqflhlk aohl eoadqo cd~dizlulk ntctz htl~ tkutc adqcqdl~o+ ^dalhockyl( alò lklc ylk` zl~ob zdqlk utumq zdk`lqlg elk bl~ohoulumq ~lk`lu eoatutgclk tkutc idktiatgclk cdzdqnlyllk eoqokyl elhli cdòlulk adhlflq elk zdk`dialk`lk eoqo+ ^dhlkftukyl( cdaol~llk goetz adq~lil( ~lhok` idk`glq`lo( udqatcl( idiadqo elk idkdqoil zdqht eoutiatgcdialk`clk udqil~tc elhli zqm~d~ adhlflq idk`lflq eo ~dcmhlg+ Cmkeo~o ~dzdquo oko iditk`cokclk udqfleokyl zqm~d~ ‗hdlqkok` ‗hdlqkok` um hord um`dugdq ‟ adhlflq tkutc idkflhlko cdgoetzlk adq~lil/+ Elhli zdhlc~lkllkkyl( utftlk adhlflq ylk` tulil olhlg algpl lzl ylk` eozdhlflqo out adq`tkl eo cditeolk glqo( ylcko idialkut coul tkutc elzlu adhlflq udqt~ edk`lk nlql ylk` hdaog itelg( ~dgok``l udqnlzlo zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk ~dtitq goetz hmk` hobd detnluomk/+ Tkutc idptfteclk glh oko( ~lk`lu eoatutgclk cdqfl~lil lkulql adqal`lo zoglc( udqtulil lkulql zd~dqul eoeoc lult plq`l adhlflq edk`lk zdkeoeoc lult utumq+ Zdqlk utumq ~dal`lo zdkeoeoc ~lk`lu zdkuok`3 mhdg clqdkl outhlg( utumq eoutkutu elzlu idkdqlzclk adqal`lo idumed ylk` dbdcuob elk idklqoc alò plq`l adhlflq elhli zqm~d~ zdkylizlolk iludqo zdiadhlflqlk+ ^lhlg ~lut imedh zdiadhlflqlk ylk` lcuob elk okudqlcuob lelhlg imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob nmmzdqluord hdlqkok`/ clqdkl idhoaluclk ~dhtqtg zd~dqul eoeoc elhli


Zl`d 4

adkutc cdhmizmc)cdhmizmc+ Lel ~dftihlg glh ylk` glqt~ eozlglio mhdg zdkeoeoc lult utumq ~dadhti idk`lzhocl~oclk idumed oko elhli zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk eo cdhl~+ Idktqtu Vloko imedh zdiadhlflqlk lelhlg zdemilk adqtzl zqm`qli lult zdutkftc ~uqludò idk`lflq ylk` eoqlknlk` tkutc idknlzlo ~tlut utftlk zdiadhlflqlk+ Zdemilk out iditlu ulk``tk` flpla utumq elhli idqdknlklclk( idhlc~lklclk( elk idk`drlhtl~o cdòlulk zdiadhlflqlk+ ^lhlg ~lut utftlk elqo zdk``tkllk imedh zdiadhlflqlk lelhlg tkutc idkok`cluclk cdiliztlk plq`l adhlflq ~dhlil adhlflq+ Edk`lk zdiohoglk idumed( ~uqludò( zdkedclulk( ~dqul udckoc zdiadhlflqlk( eoglqlzclk lelkyl zdqtalglk elqo idkòk`lu idimqovok` idimqovok`// lult idk`glblh qmud qmud hdlqkok`/ hdlqkok`/ cd lqlg adqzocoq ugokcok`/ elk zdilglilk tkedq~ulkeok` tkedq~ulkeok`/( /( elqo imedh ndqlilg cd zdkedclulk eo~nmrdqy hdlqkok` lult ok|toqy hdlqkok`( elqo adhlflq okeoroetlh cd cmmzdqluob( ~dqul elqo ~tafdnu ndkudqde cd hdlqkdq ndkudqde lult udqcmk~uqtc~okyl zdk`dulgtlk plq`l adhlflq+ Glh okohlg ylk` udqhoglu zlel zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk ylk` lel eo ZCAI)ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm ylk` zlel titikyl il~og adqzt~lu zlel zdkeoeoc lult utumq+ Edk`lk clul hlok algpl zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlkkyl il~og adq~oblu cmkrdk~omklh+ Imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob idqtzlclk ~tlut imedh zdiadhlflqlk ylk` idk`tulilclk lelkyl cdhmizmc)cdhmizmc+ ^duolz plq`l adhlflq ylk` lel elhli cdhmizmc idiztkylo uok`clu cdiliztlk ylk` adqadel)adel uok`ò( ~delk`( qdkelg/+ Imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob idk`tulilclk cdqfl ~lil elhli idkydhd~loclk zdqil~lhlglk tkutc idkdqlzclk zdk`dulgtlk elk cdudqlizohlk elhli qlk`cl idknlzlo utftlk zdiadhlflqlk Adhlflq cmmzdqluob idqtzlclk zdkedclulk zdiadhlflqlk idhlhto cdhmizmc cdnoh plq`l adhlflq tkutc adcdqfl ~lil elhli idilc~oilhclk cmkeo~o adhlflq elhli idknlzlo utftlk adhlflq+ Zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob lelhlg zdiadhlflqlk ylk` ~dnlql ~lelq elk ~o~udiluo~ idk`dialk`clk okudqlc~o ylk` ~lhok` l~lg( ~ohog l~og( elk ~ohog l~tg+ ^didkulql out( Aqtkdq elhli ôadqilk idkfdhl~clk algpl adhlflq ~dnlql adq~lil idqtzlclk cdatutglk ilkt~ol ylk` idkel~lq tkutc idqd~zmk~ ilkt~ol hlok elhli idknlzlo ~tlut utftlk+ Idktqtu Ktq 1:::/( ~ditl imedh zdiadhlflqlk eoulkelo edk`lk lelkyl ~uqtcutq ut`l~( ~uqtcutq utftlk( elk ~uqtcutq zdk`glq`llk+ ûqtcutq ut`l~( ~uqtcutq utftlk( elk ~uqtcutq zdk`glq`llk zlel imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob adqadel edk`lk ~uqtcutq ut`l~( ~uqtcutq utftlk( elk ~uqtcutq zdk`glq`llk zlel imedh zdiadhlflqlk ylk` hlok+ Elhli zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk edk`lk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob( plq`l adhlflq eoemqmk` tkutc adcdqfl ~lil zlel ~tlut ut`l~ adq~lil elk idqdcl glqt~ idk`cmmqeokl~oclk t~lglkyl tkutc idkydhd~loclk ut`l~ ylk` eoadqoclk utumq+ Utftlk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob lelhlg gl~oh adhlflq lcledioc plq`l adhlflq idkok`clu elk plq`l adhlflq elzlu idkdqoil adqal`lo cdql`lilk elqo udilkkyl( ~dqul adqcdialk`kyl cdudqlizohlk ~m~olh lult cdndqel~lk ~m~olh+ Cdndqel~lk ~m~olh idqtzlclk cdiliztlk elk cdudqlizohlk elhli adqcmitkocl~o ylk` eoiocohoco mhdg plq`l adhlflq+ Cdudqlizohlk ~m~olh idqtzlclk okeoclumq tkutc idhoglu ~d~dmqlk` cdndqel~lk ~m~olhkyl uok`ò lult qdkelg+ ^d~dmqlk` idiohoco cdndqel~lk ~m~olh uok`ò( lzlaohl elhli eoqokyl idiohoco cdudqlizohlk ~m~olh ylk` udqeoqo elqo ~dftihlg ~oclz+ ôclz udq~datu lelhlg zdqulil( utiatg ~mnolh ~mnolh lplqdkd~~ cd~lelqlk ~outl~omklh lult ~m~olh/+


Zl`d 2

Ilc~te elqo ~mnolh lplqdkd~~ lelhlg cdiliztlk okeoroet elhli idk`ma~dqrl~o( idhoglu( elk idk`dulgto ~tlut cmkudc~ ~outl~o ~outl~o ~m~olh( ~dgok``l ilizt idk`dhmhl mqlk`)mqlk` lult zdqo~uopl ylk` lel eo hok`ctk`lk ~dcoulqkyl ~dzdquo ylk` eoglqlzclk elhli zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob+ Cdtk``thlk elqo imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob lelhlg / idiadqoclk cd~dizlulk zlel plq`l adhlflq tkutc idibmqithl~oclk zdkdqlzlk ~tlut zqok~oz( 5/ idialkut plq`l adhlflq idk`dklho lelkyl ~tlut il~lhlg elk idibmqithl~oclkkyl edk`lk idk``tklclk okbmqil~o ylk` eozdqmhdg elqo alnllk lult ndqlilg( 4/ idk``tklclk alglk)alglk elqo lk``mul hlok elhli cdhmizmckyl( elk 2/ idk`dialk`clk imuorl~o tkutc adhlflq ylk` hdaog aloc Elhli tzlyl idk`dialk`clk imedh zdiadhlflqlk udq~datu( zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh udqt~ adqtzlyl idiadklgo eoqo elk idk`dialk`clk adqal`lo zqm`qli ylk` lelzuob udqglelz zdqcdialk`lk elk utkutulk il~ylqlclu+ Cdhdial`llk kmkbmqilh eocdhmhl mhdg( elqo( elk tkutc il~ylqlclu ~dqul iohoc il~ylqlclu ylk` eoptfteclk elhli adkutc Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/+ Zdialk`tklk zdkeoeoclk idhlhto flhtq zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh idhlhto Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/( ~dnlql adqulglz udqt~ eozlnt elk eozdqhtl~ `tkl ididktgo cdatutglk adhlflq il~ylqlclu ylk` uoelc itk`cok elzlu udqhlylko idhlhto flhtq zdkeoeoclk ~dcmhlg+ ^l~lqlk zdhlylklk zdkeoeoclk zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh eozqomqoul~clk cdzlel plq`l il~ylqlclu ylk` uoelc zdqklg ~dcmhlg( ztut~ ~dcmhlg zdk`lk``tq-io~cok elk plq`l il~ylqlclu hlokkyl ylk` okòk adhlflq tkutc idkok`cluclk zdk`dulgtlk( cdiliztlk elk cdudqlizohlkkyl ~dal`lo adclh tkutc elzlu goetz hdaog hlylc+ Adqcdkllk edk`lk glh udq~datu( tzlyl zdknlzlolk utftlk zdkeoeoclk kl~omklh zlel flhtq zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh( cgt~t~kyl zlel ZCAI alkylc adq`lkutk` cdzlel adqal`lo blcumq( aloc ~dnlql okudqklh ~o~udi ZCAI iltztk blcumq)blcumq dc~udqklh ~o~udi ZCAI+ Cdokòklk tkutc idptfteclk ~tlut zdkeoeoclk tkordq~lh idhlhto ~dcmhlg uoelc itelg eohlctclk+ Lclk hdaog `lizlk` focl zdkeoeoclk tkordq~lh oko eohlctclk idhlhto hdial`l lhudqkluob edk`lk idkoqt `lyl zdq~dcmhlglk+ Zlhok` uoelc( t~lgl ~dzdquo outhlg ylk` cditeolk eohlctclk mhdg Edzlqudidk Zdkeoeoclk Kl~omklh Edzeockl~/ ~dflc ulgtk

Zl`d 0

^dnlql cmk~dzutlh Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ eozqomqoul~clk tkutc idhlylko il~ylqlclu ylk` uoelc udquliztk` elhli ~o~udi zdq~dcmhlglk bmqilh elk ~dcmhlg udqatcl+ ^llu oko( il~og udqelzlu 4(1 ftul mqlk` t~ol <:)55 ulgtk ylk` il~og atul gtqtb+ Clhlt eoulialgclk edk`lk ftihlg lklc ylk` ztut~ ~dcmhlg ulgtk 1:<:( ilcl lclk idknlzlo ~dcoulq dkli ftul+ Fleo il~og lel dkli ftul lklc Okemkd~ol ylk` adhti udqzdktgo glc l~l~okyl tkutc idkelzluclk zdkeoeoclk el~lq idhlhto zdq~dcmhlglk bmqilh elk ~dcmhlg udqatcl Cmizl~( 1:<:/+ ^llu oko eo ~dhtqtg Okemkd~ol udqelzlu ~dcoulq 4 ::: ZCAI ylk` eozqlclq~lo elk eocdhmhl mhdg adqal`lo cdhmizmc il~ylqlclu+ Lel ylk` eocdhmhl zdqmqlk`lk( zdqt~lgllk( hdial`l ctq~t~( zd~lkuqdk( HÎ iltztk il~ylqlclu hlokkyl+ Cdòlulk ylk` eohlctclk ZCAI uoelc glkyl idkliztk` cdòlulk ylk` eoqlknlk` mhdg Eoufdk ZUC)ZKB zlel ~llu out( udulzo ft`l idkliztk` cdòlulk elqo ~dcumq hlok ylk` udqclou+ Cmkeo~o ~dzdquo oko idktkftcclk algpl zdqlk ~dqul il~ylqlclu elhli zdhlc~lkllk zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh ~d~tk``tgkyl adqal~o~ zlel cdatutglk adhlflq ^d~tlo cdadqlellkkyl( id~coztk zlql zdk`dhmhl Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ ZCAI/ idkylelqo lelkyl lelkyl cdql`lilk elk cdcgl~lk eldqlg il~ok`) il~ok`( lclk udulzo il~og udqhoglu lelkyl zdkdclklk zlel zdiadkutclk ~uqtcutq mq`lko~l~o+ Zdhlc~lkllk Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ adhti adklq) adklq idilokclk zdqlklk ~dal`lo bl~ohoulumq ylk` idhlctclk dizmpdqidku udqglelz il~ylqlclu eo eldqlg+ Algclk zlel lplh zdiadkutclkkyl il~og lel ~dilnli qdclyl~l tkutc idkemqmk` il~ylqlclu idiatlu ZCAI+ ^dnlql udcko~ Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ il~og lel ylk` eoulk`lko elk eocdhmhl lzlqlulult zdflalu lultztk hdial`l ~tplelyl il~ylqlclu ~dudizlu+ Zdhlc~lkllkkyl il~og eokohlo adqel~lqclk ftihlg elk zqd~ul~o zdflalu idhlgoqclk Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Adhlfl q Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ elk atclk elqo cdadqgl~ohlk il~ylqlclu elhli adqal`lo glh+ Klitk ediocolk ~dcdnoh lzl ztk t~lgl tkut c zdiad zd iadqelyl qelyl lk il~ylqlcl il~ylqlclu( u( zl~uo zl~uo lclk lclk idiadcl~ idiadcl~ Elhli cdkylullkkyl Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ il~og eoglelzclk zlel zdqil~lhlglk okudqklh elk dc~udqklh Alhoualk` Edzeockl~ elk Tkordq~oul~ Zdkeoeoclk Okemkd~ol( 1::2/+ Zdqil~lhlglk okudqklh( lkulql hlok ctqlk`kyl imuorl~o plq`l adhlflq( cdadqlellk utumq adhti adqzdqlk ~dnlql ilc~oilh( cd~thoulk idknlqo hmcl~o Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ ylk` idiohoco ~lqlkl idilelo( zdhlc~lkllk zqm`qli elk zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk adhti ~d~tlo edk`lk utkutulk+ Zdqil~lhlglk dc~udqklh( udqhoglu adhti lelkyl ~tlut zmhl cdqfl~lil ylk` ~oithulk lkulql Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ edk`lk etkol t~lgl l~m~ol~o/( zdqalkclk-AZQ elk t~lgl cdnoh idkdk`lg ~dudizlu+ Oizhocl~okyl lelhlg adhti adqflhlkkyl cdiouqllk( ctqocthti lult iludqo ylk` eo~lizloclk cdzlel plq`l adhlflq ~dqok` adqflk`cl zdkedc( udizmqdq elk it~oilk+ Cmkeo~o zqm`qli zqm`qli ~dzdquo oko( adqelizlc zlel cd~tk``tglk plq`l adhlflq elk zlql htht~lkkyl elhli idk`dialk`clk cdudqlizohlk( iltztk idkdqt~clkkyl elhli adkutc t~lgl cdudqlizohlk adqilul zdknlglqolk+ Lqlg alqt elk zdq~zdcuob il~ylqlclu elhli adkutc uok`òkyl zlquo~ozl~o idhlhto Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/( eoglelzclk zlel zdq~mlhlk eohdiluo~ adqcdkllk edk`lk qdkelgkyl clzlaohoul~ elk cokdqfl ~tiadq elyl ilkt~ol elk cdhdial`llk Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ out ~dkeoqo+


Zl`d 7

Zdq~mlhlk oko udqtk`clz( elqo gl~oh clfolk adadqlzl elul cl~t~ Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ ylk` cdndkedqtk`lkkyl adhti idqtftc zlel zdidktglk ~ulkelq iokoilh ilklfdidk ylk` udhlg eohtkntqclk Edzeockl~+ ^lhlg ~lut nmkumg( zqm`qli iokoilh ylk` glqt~ eocdhmhl mhdg ~datlg Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ lelhlg uo`l fdko~ ~lutlk zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh( kmkbmqilh( elqo elqo gl~oh gl~oh clfolk emctidk emctidk elbulq elbulq ZCAI/ ZCAI/ eo adadqlzl adadqlzl Cla tzlu tz lu dk -C mul mu l eo eo Okemkd~ol udqil~tc eo Cmul @mqmkulhm( il~og udqelzlu Zt~lu t~lu Cd` Cdòlul olulk k Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ ylk` glkyl idkydhdk``lqlclk ~lut lult etl ~lutlk zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh+ ^d~tlo gl~oh oedkuobocl~o ylk` eohlc~lklclk mhdg zdkdhouo eo Zqmrok~o @mqmkulhm ~lizlo zlel ulgtk 1:< 1:<<< uudqglelz dqglelz hlylklk hlylklk zdkeoe zdk eoeocl oclk k idhlh id hlhto to Zt~lu Cdòlulk Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/( eozdqmhdg okbmqil~o algpl zdqil~lhlglkkyl adqco~lq zlel zdk`dhmhllk elk zdk`dkelholk itut cdhdial`llk+ Glh udq~datu udqfleo clqdkl il~og udqalul~kyl cdiliztlk elk zdk`dulgtlk ilklfdqolh zdk`dhmhl( zdkydhdk``lql zqm`qli elk udkl`l cdzdkeoeoclk( ~dqul hdilgkyl zlquo~ozl~o cmizmkdk udqclou eo htlq hdial`l( ~dgok``l ctqlk` mzuoilhkyl idclko~id ~o~udi zdkydhdk``lqllk zdkeoeoclk zlel Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/+ Lul~ el~lq okohlg ylk` eofleoclk lhl~lk idk`lzl Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ eofleoclk hlulq zdk`dialk`lk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zlel zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zm`qli Zlcdu A alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq+ + Tkutc okedc zdkeoeoclk lkulql hlok eoudkutclk mhdg cdadqgl~ohlk Zqm`qli Zlcdu A elhli idialkut idktkul~clk plfoa adhlflq Zdkeoeoclk El~lq ? ulgtk elk idiadclho htht~lkkyl edk`lk zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh+ ~m~olh+ ^lhlg ~lut tzlyl cd lqlg out ilcl idhlhto zdkdhouolk oko eocdialk`clk Imedh Zdiadhlflqlk Cmmzdqluob Nmmzdqluord Nmmzdqluord Hdlqkok`/ Hdlqkok` / Alò Zdkok`clulk Cdndqel~lk ^m~olh Plq`l Adhlflq Zqm`qli Zqm`q li Zlcdu A zlel Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ Cmul @mqmkulhm A+ Oedkuobocl~o elk Qtit~lk Il~lhlg <+ Oedkuobocl~o Il~lhlg Gl~oh ^tqrdo eo hlzlk`lk idktkftclk algpl zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk zlel zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zqm`qli Zlcdu A ylk` eoqlknlk` edk`lk ~o~udi imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob adhti elzlu adqflhlk ~dal`loilkl ylk` eoglqlzclk+ Udkl`l utumqkyl ~dalòlk ad~lq atclk adqhlulq adhlclk` cdzdkeoeoclk( il~og alkylc ylk` adhti idilglio imedh zdiadhlflqlk imeth( iokoikyl leioko~uql~o zdhlc~lkllk( qdkelgkyl cdiliztlk ilklfdqolh zdk`dhmhl elhli idkydhdk``lqlclk zqm`qli elk zdq~tl~ob zdk`dhmhl udqglelz utumq ctqlk` klizlc+ Eo~lizok` out( il~og eouditclk zdqil~lhlglk zlel ~dalòlk zdhlc~lkl eo hlzlk`lk elk hdilgkyl ~o~udi imkoumqok` zdidqokulg elhli tzlyl idiokoilho~oq zdkyoizlk`lk)zdkyoizlk`lk+ Cdkylullk eo hlzlk`lk idktkftcclk algpl zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk oko eoiokluo mhdg il~ylqlclu ylk` okòk idizdqaloco ~ulut~ zdkeoeoclkkyl+ Aoqmcql~o ylk` adqcdzlkflk`lk ft`l idkfleo ~lhlg ~lut cdkelhl ~tc~d~kyl utftlk elqo zqm`qli cd~dulqllk oko+ Eo ~o~o hlok( tzlyl zdiadqelyllk zdiadqel yllk elk idkndqel~clk il~ylqlclu idhlhto zqm`qli zqm`qli cd~dulqllk oko glqt~ idiohoco ~o~udi imkoumqok` ylk` ctlu tkutc idk`tqlk`


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zdkyoizlk`lk ~dcdnoh itk`cok+ Udqtulil ~m~olho~l~o elqo zoglc Eokl~ Zdkeoeoclk ~dudizlu elhli glh oko Aoelk` Zdkeoeoclk Kmkbmqilh elk okbmqilh( glqt~ idkydkutg hdrdh alplg( Cdaoflclk zdidqokulg il~og idkfleo glqlzlk alò idqdcl tkutc idqtalg kl~oa clti ylk` udquok``lh( clqdkl ulc alkylc zohoglk+ Zdkyoizlk`lk zdhlc~lkllk tfolk elk aolyl tfolk cd~dulqllk ylk` ~oizlk` ~otq ftihlgkyl eo hlzlk`lk udhlg idk`glialu utftlk elqo zqm`qli oko ylout tzlyl tkutc idkndqel~clk il~ylqlclu+ Clqdkl zqm`qli oko ~lut)~lutkyl fdialulk zdkeoeoclk lhudqkluob alò lklc)lklc ztut~ ~dcmhlg ÎZ lult ~dedqlflu elk lklc) lklc ylk` htht~ ~dcmhlg el~lq lult Ileql~lg Oauoeloylg ylk` clqkl lhl~lk uoelc ao~l idhlkftuclk cd fdkflk`lk zdkeoeoclk adqoctuyl clqdkl io~cok tkutc ao~l idkydulqlclk ~ulut~kyl eo il~ylqlclu( idhlhto flhtq zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh zlel ~llu oko( ~duoelckyl cduocl ulc lel zohoglk hlok alò mqlk` io~cok tkutc idqtalg kl~oakyl( drlhtl~o zdhlc~lkllk zqm`qli cd~dulqllk ylk` idkylk`ctu il~ylqlclu io~cok( glqt~hlg adklq)adklq eozdqgluoclk elk eozl~uoclk glqt~ idioglc cdzlel idqdcl+ Adqel~lclk glh udq~datu eo lul~ ilcl il~lhlg elhli zdkdhouolk oko elzluhlg eooedkuobocl~o ~dal`lo adqoctu6 <+ Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ ylk` idkydhdk``lqlclk Zqm`qli Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk adqel~lqclk ^tqlu Cdztut~lk Cdzlhl Eokl~ Zdkeoeoclk Cmul @mqmkulhm Kmimq 510-Eockl~)ZKBZ-1::> ~dalkylc <0 ZCAI elk ylk` idkydhdk``lqlclk cgt~t~ zqm`qli cd~dulqllk zlcdu A adqftihlg << ZCAI ylk` udq~dalq zlel ? Cdnlilulk ylout Cdnlilulk Cmul ^dhlulk( Cdnlilulk Cmul Tulql( Cdnlilulk Cmul Alqlu( Cdnlilulk Cmul Udk`lg( Cdnlilulk Cmul Uoitq elk Cdnlilulk Etkòkò ylk` il~ok`)il~ok` Cdnlilulk udqelzlu > ZCAI Cmkeo~o ZCAI udq~datu adqrlqol~o( adqrlq ol~o( elqo ylk` ithlo idqokuo~ ~lizlo edk`lk edk `lk ylk` ~telg elzlu elzl u idk`dialk`clk zqm`qlikyl ~dnlql zqmzmq~omklh+ ^dgtatk`lk out( l`lq elzlu idiadqoclk zdiaokllk ylk` udzlu ilcl eozdqhtclk zdkdhouolk ylk` elzlu idiadqoclk elul mafdcuob udkulk` zdhlc~lkllk cdòlulk eo ZCAI( udqil~tc eo elhlikyl zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk Zlcdu A+ 1+ Eo Cmul @mqmkulhm elqo <0 Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ udqelzlu etl ZCAI elhli zdhlc~lkllk elk zdk`dhmhllkkyl eolk``lz ~lk`lu aloc ylout Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ Lvvocql ylk` lel eo Cdhtqlglk Zledatmhm Cdnlilulk Cmul Uoitq elk Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ Ulilk Zdkeoeoclk ylk` adqhmcl~o eo Cdhtqlglk Ulzl Cdnlilulk Cmul Tulql+ Cdetl ZCAI udq~datu ~d~tlo gl~oh zdkohlolk elqo Eokl~ Zdkeoeoclk Cmul @mqmkulhm udhlg adqgl~oh elk adqtzlyl idkydhdk``lqlclk elk idk`dialk`clk zqm`qli)zqm`qlikyl ~d~tlo ~ulkelq ZCAI( aloc elqo ~o~o fdko~ zqm`qli( ctlhobocl~o( zdk`dhmhl( utumq( elk l~zdc ilklfdidk hlokkyl >+ Plhltzti ZCAI Lh)vocql elk ZCAI Ulilkl Zdkeoeoclk lelhlg 1 Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ ylk` eolk``lz udqaloc eo Cmul @mqmkulhm( klitk elhli zdhlc~lkllk zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zdqht eobtk`~oclk elk eomzuoilhclk ~dnlql dbdcuob( lzlhlò cdetl ZCAI udq~datu ~lizlo ~llu oko adhti idiohoco imedh zdkeoeoclk aloc ~dnlql ctlhoul~ iltztk ctlkuou~kyl+ Zlcdu A lelhlg ~lhlg ~lut zqm`qli ylk` 5+ Zqm`qli Zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk eohlc~lklclk zlel 1 Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ ylk` lel eo


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Cmul @mqm @mqmkulh kulhm m ylk` idiohoco idiohoco ~ulkelq ~ulkelq cmizdudk~o htht~lk ylk` ~lil ~l il ed k`lk ~dcmhlg bmqilh ~duok`clu ÎZ lult Ileql~lg U~lklpoylg ( klitk cmkudk( idumed( udckoc( elk zdkedclulk ~dqul imedh zdiadhlflqlk tkutc idknlzlo ~ulkelu cmizdudk~o htht~lk udq~datu hdaog idiadqoclk cmk~dz)cmk~dz udqlzlk( udiluoc( oketcuob( ylk` udqclou edk`lk zdqil~lhlglk cdadqgl~ohlk plq`l adhlflq+ Cdkylullk eo hlzlk`lk idktkftcclk algpl plq`l adhlflq adhti idizdqhogluclk cdiliztlk lcledioc ylk` tk``th udqtulil elhli idilglio cmk~dz)cmk~dz ylk` ~thou+ Eo ~lizok` out plq`l adhlflq adhti idkdqoil udilk)udilkkyl ylk` idiztkylo adqal`lo ilnli hlulq adhlclk` ylk` adqadel)adel+ Cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq adhti klizlc eolkulqlkyl6 adqalò ut`l~( lcuob adqulkyl( idk`glq`lo zdkelzlu mqlk` hlok( idilknok` udilk tkutc adqulkyl( ilt idk`tk`clzclk oed( elk adcdqfl elhli cdhmizmc+ Glh okohlg ylk` idkemqmk` zdktho~ tkutc idk`clfo zdiadhlflqlk zqm`qli Zlcdu A l`lq hdaog cqdluob( uoelc clct elk uoelc cdgohlk`lk cdgohlk`lk zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh+ Zdqil~lhlglk oko ~dnlql titi eolcoaluclk mhdg adadqlzl glh / utkutulk zdidqokulg udqglelz ulq`du ylk` glqt~ eonlzlo tkutc idkok`cluclk OZI uok`ò ~dgok``l udqfleo zdil~lhlk zdk`dhmhllk edk`lk ~uqludò zdiadhlflqlk ylk` chl~oclh( 5/ qdkelgkyl ctlhobocl~o utumq ~dgok``l zdk`tl~llk idumemhmò zdiadhlflqlk ~lk`lu imkmumk( zdk``tkllk idumed ndqlilg ~lk`lu idiatelyl+ Eo ~lizok` out zdqlk utumq ~lk`lu emioklku ~dal`lo zdiadqo okbmqil~o elk plq`l adhlflq ~dal`lo zdkdqoil+ Lhudqkluob ylk` lclk eo~memqclk eo~memqclk lelhlg idhlhto idumed Cmmzdqluob+ Zqm`qli Zlcdu A idqtzlclk ~lutlk zdkeoeoclk zlel flhtq zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh tkutc zdkeoeoclk el~lq ~dulql ÎZ-IU^+ Ilckl ~dulql elhli glh oko lelhlg eoutkftcclk zlel zdk`lqtg lult zdk`lctlk noroh dbbdnu htht~lkkyl+ Zqm~d~ Zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlkkyl eolqlgclk tkutc idkfliok l`lq htht~lkkyl idiohoco cdiliztlk( cdnlclzlk elk kohlo)kohlo ylk` adq`tkl elhli idkdiztg cdgoetzlkkyl+ Edk`lk ediocolk( adhlflq ilckl cd~dulqllk lelhlg cd~lillk ~ulkelq cmizdudk~o htht~lk ylk` eonlzlo edk`lk ~dcmhlg ~dcmhlg bmqilh( udulzo nlql idknlzlokyl adqadel+ Zdqadellkkyl eouokflt elqo adqal`lo l~zdc3 / cdetetclk utumq adqzdqlk ~dal`lo zdkelizok` elk bl~ohoulumq+ 5/ alglk adhlflq idk``tklclk zlcdu imeth+ 4/ zdquditlk adhlflq eohlctclk 1)> clho elhli ~diok``t+ 2/ qlò adhlflq eoadqoclk ~dnlql ok~oedkulh ok~oedkulh elk qtuok( 0/ ctqocthti zdiadhlflqlk idkdclkclk zlel l~zdc cdnlclzlk goetz ylk` gmho~uon 7/ drlhtl~o idhlhto ~o~udi adhlflq utkul~+ ^dgok``l eoglqlzclk htht~lk Zlcdu A idiohoco cdiliztlk ylk` elzlu ididktgo utkutulk etkol cdqfl( adqpoqlt~lgl elk adqil~ylqlclu+ Eo ~lizok` imedh elk udckoc zdiadhlflqlk( zdqht eozdqgluoclk clqlcudqo~uoc zd~dqul eoeoc+ Cdndqel~lk ~m~olh idqtzlclk ~lhlg ~lut fdko~ cdndqel~lk ylk` idizdk`lqtgo elhli zdiadhlflqlk+ Cdndqel~lk ~m~olh zd~dqul eoeoc glqt~ eozdqgluoclk utumq clqdkl qlknlk`lk zdiadhlflqlk eo~t~tk adqel~lqclk clqlcudqo~uoc elk zmudk~o zmudk~o ylk` eoiohoco zd~dqul eoeoc+ Eoidk~o cdndqel~lk ~m~olh zd~dqul eoeoc lelhlg cdndqel~lk ~m~olh uok`ò elk cnndqel~lk ~m~olh qdkelg+


Zl`d <<

Idktqtu Atvlk 1::0/( cdndqel~lk ~m~olh lelhlg tctqlk cdiliztlk eoqo ~d~dmqlk` elhli zdq`lthlk eo il~ylqlclu elk cdiliztlk adqokudqlc~o ~m~olh edk`lk mqlk`)mqlk` eo ~dcdhohok` lult ~dcoulqkyl+ Mqlk` edk`lk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh uok`ò uoelc lclk idkdito cd~thoulk ~llu idithlo ~tlut okudqlc~o elk`lk ~d~dmqlk` lult ~datlg cdhmizmc aloc cdhmizmc cdnoh iltztk ad~lq+ Ol elzlu idilkblluclk elk idk``tklclk cdiliztlk mulc elk algl~l utatgkyl tkutc ‘idialnl’ udilk aonlqlkyl+ Cdndqel~lk ~m~olh eoalk`tk lkulql hlok lul~ cdiliztlk okuo tkutc idk`dklho zdqadellk( ~dnlql cgt~t~ zdqadellk ad~lq elhli ~tl~lkl gluo( udizdqlidk( imuorl~o( elk cdgdkelc+ Elhli adkutc ylk` hdaog ilft( cdndqel~lk oko iditk`cokclk mqlk` edpl~l idialnl cdgdkelc elk cdokòklk mqlk` hlok( algclk cduocl cdokòklk out eo~diatkyoclk+ Cdndqel~lk ~m~olh oko ft`l idknlctz cdiliztlk adqkd`mo~l~o( idk`lul~o ~d`lhl cmkbhoc( ~d`lhl cd~lhlglk( elk ~outl~o ylk` uoiath elhli zqm~d~ kd`mo~l~o+ ^ditl cdudqlizohlk out idiamhdgclk ~d~dmqlk` edk`lk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh uok`ò ~lk``tz adqzdqlk ~dal`lo udilk aonlql elk ~dclho`t~ zdkedk`lq ylk` aloc( ~dqul ~lk``tz adqgtatk`lk edk`lk alkylc mqlk`+ ^dhlkftukyl mqlk` edk`lk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh qdkelg( ndkedqtk` ~thou adqokudqlc~o edk`lk ~d~lilkyl lult ~datlg cdhmizmc aloc cdhmizmc cdnoh iltztk ad~lq udqil~tc elhli zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk+ Eo ~lizok` out ol uoelc idiohco cdiliztlk elhli idilglio( idkedk`lqclk elk zdcl udqglelz ilc~te elk zdiocoqlk mqlk` hlok( ~dqul uoelc idql~lclk elk idk`liluo qdlc~o)qdlc~o elk zdqtalglk mqlk` hlok( ylk` eoutkftcclk aloc ~dnlql rdqalh iltztk kmk rdqalh elk hlialk idknlqo zdidnlglk il~lhlg ylk` dbdcuob elhli ~tlut okudqlc~o ~m~olh elk ctqlk` idiohoco zdk`tl~llk cduqlizohlk cmitkocl~o+ 1+ Qtit~lk Il~lhlg Adqel~lqclk hlulq adhlclk` elk oedkuobocl~o il~lhlg udq~dktu eo lul~ ( elzluhlg eoudulzclk il~lhlg elhli zdkdhouolk oko ylout6 Al`loilklclg Zdk`dialk`lk Imedh Zdiadhlflqlk Zdiadhlflqlk Cmmzdqluob 'Nmmzdqluord Hdlqkok` / Alò Zdkok`clulk Cdndqel~lk ^m~olh Plq`l Adhlflq Zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm= ^dnlql mzdql~omklh qtit~lk il~lhlgkyl idhoztuo6 <+ Al`l`loilkl cmkeo~o mafdcuob zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zqm`qli Zlcdu A+ Eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm 1+ Al`loilkl imedh cmk~dzutlh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm+ >+ Al`loilkl oizhdidkul~o zdk`dialk`lk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm+ 5+ Al`loilkl dbdcuoroul~ zdk`dialk`lk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm+ N+ Utftlk Zdkdhouolk <+ ^dnlql Titi


Zl`d <1

^dnlql titi utftlk zdkdhouolk oko lelhlg tkutc idk`dialk`clk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm 1+ ^dnlql Cgt~t~6 ^dnlql cgt~t~ zdkdhouolk oko adqutftlk 6 <+ Tkutc idk`dulgto cmkeo~o lplh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zlel zqm`qli Zlcdu A+ eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm 1+ Tkutc idk`dialk`clk imedh cmk~dzutlh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zlel zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm+ >+ Tkutc idkòizhdidkul~oclk idkòizhdidkul~oclk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zlel zqm`qli zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm+ 5+ Tkutc idk`dulgto dbdcuoroul~ zdk`dialk`lk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zlel zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm+ D+Ilkbllu Zdkdhouolk Zdi`dialk`lk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob eoglqlzclk elzlu idkok`cluclk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu A Eo ZCAI ^dnlql udmqduo~( zdkdhouolk oko eoglqlzclk elzlu alglk il~tclk alò zlql zlql zlql zqlcuo~o ZUCZKB elkelzlu idiadqoclk ~tialk`lk zdiocoqlk alò zdk`dialk`lk Zdkeoeoclk Htlq ^dcmhlg udqtulil ylk` adqgtatk`lk cmk~dz zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo ZCAI+ ^dhlkftukyl ~dnlql zqlcuo~ zdkdhouolk eoglqlzclk elzlu adqilkbllu tkutc ~ditl zoglc6 <+ Alò zlql utumq Zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm idkfleo alglk il~tclk ylk` zm~ouob elk zdquoialk`lk elhli idhlc~lklclk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob tkutc idkok`cluclk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq 1+ Alò zdkydhdk``lql elk zoglc ylk` adqpdpdklk` elzlu eofleoclk el~lq elhli idkdulzclk cdaoflclk elk zdhlc~lkllk qdcqtuidk zlql utumq zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo Cmul @mqmkulhm >+ ^dal`lo alglk il~tclk zlel zlql utumq cd~dulqllk Zlcdu A tiutc idk`dialk`clk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob elhli qlk`cl idkok`cluclk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq 5+ Okztu elk alglk clfolk alò zdkdhouo elk ylk` lclk idhlc~lkllk zdkdhouolk hdaog hlkftu edk`lk bmct~ il~lhlg ylk` ~lil B+ Cdqlk`cl Zdk`dialk`lk Rlqoladh Zdkdhouolk <+ Imedh zdiadhlflqlk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò plq`l adhlflq zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo ZCAI idkfleo bmct~ elhli clfolk zdkdhouolk elk zdk`dialk`lk elhli idkflpla zdqil~lhlglk ylout cd~dkflk`lk lkulql cmkeo~o dizoqoc eo hlzli`lk elk clfolk udmqduo~ ylk` lel 1+ Zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zdkuok` tkutc eocdilak`clk edk`lk lhl~lk 6 Zdqulil( Zdqulil( lelkyl uqlk~bmqil~o ~m~olh+ ~m~olh + Zdk`lqtg imedqko~l~o( ~uqtcutq cdhtlq`l adqtalg eql~uo~ alkylc lklc eoad~lqclk elhli cdhtlq`l okuo ulkzl cdgleoqlk mqlk` utl eo qtilg clqdkl lhl~lk cdqfl+ Zdk`lqtg udhdro~d alò lklc ylk` idk`glao~clk plcutkyl hdaog alkylc tkutc idkmkumk elqozlel adqokudqlc~o edk`lk mqlk` utlkyl idiatlu cdiliztlk lklc tkutc adqcmitkocl~o hdilg+ Cdòlulk eo ~dcmhlgztk zlql zdkeoeoc hdaog alkylc adqmqodkul~o zlel zdqcdialk`lk


Zl`d <>

cm`kouob lklc( ~didkulql zdqcdialk`lk imqlh elk ~m~olh ~dcdelqkyl+ Cdetl(+lelkyl uqlkbmqil~o dcmkmio+ dcmkmio + Zdqhtkyl zdqtalglk elhli ~o~udi zdiadhlflqlk ~llu oko lelhlg clqdkl lhl~lk uqlk~bmqil~o dcmkmio+ F Fmgk mgk Klo~aouu( idk`ditclclk algpl ?: $ zdcdqfllk elhli dql zm~u oket~uqo adq`dqlc elhli aoelk` lult adqgtatk`lk edk`lk okbmqil~o( ohit zdk`dulgtlk( lult fl~l+ Edql~kyl lqt~ okbmqil~o ~telg uoelc iditk`cokclk hlò alò zdkeoeoc tkutc adq~oclz ilglulgt elk adqlk``lzlk algpl lklc eoeoc zdqht eoil~tco edk`lk adqal`lo blcul zdk`dulgtlk elk okbmqil~o+ ^dhlok out( cdudqcloulk okudqedzdkedkny okudqedzdkedkny / idqtzlclk noqo hlok elqo ulq~kbmqil~o dcmkmio+ Zlel cdalkylclk zdcdqfllk( cdzlkelolk lult cdiliztlk okeoroet atclkhlg ylk` udqzdkuok`+ Cdiliztlk tkutc adcdqfl ~lil elhli uoi hdaog eoatutgclk tkutc idknlzlo utftlk elk cdadqgl~ohlk ~tlut t~lgl+ ^dal`lo zdkeoeoc ylk` adqulk``tk` flpla( glqt~ idql~l udqzlk`òh tkutc idizdq~olzclk lklc eoeoc l`lq ao~l adqcmitkocl~o elk adcdqfl~lil edk`lk mqlk` hlok elhli adqal`lo ilnli ~outl~o ~m~olh+Cduo`l ~m~olh+ Cduo`l(( uqlk~bmqil~o edim`qlbo+ edim`qlbo + Zdqtalglk kohlo)kohlo ~m~olh elk zqm~d~ ~m~olho~l~o elqo elizlc uqlk~bmqil~o edim`qlbo ~dzdquo tqalko~l~o( cdaokdcllk ~tct alk`~l elk ql~ idqtzlclk glh ylk` ~dqot~ tkutc coul pl~zlelo >+ Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ idqtzlclk ~lutlk zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh ~dal`lo udizlu zdiadhlflqlk elk ~tiadq okbmqil~o ylk` eoadkutc elk eocdhmhl mhdg il~ylqlclu ylk` adqmqodkul~o zlel zdiadqelyllk zmudk~o ~dudizlu tkutc idkok`cluclk zdk`dulgtlk( cdudqlizohlk elk ~oclz il~ylqlclu elhli aoelk` dcmkmio( ~m~olh elk atelyl+ 5+ Cdòlulk zdiadhlflqlk cmzdqluob ylk` eohlc~lklclk eohlc~lklclk zlel zqm`qli zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm eoglqlzclk elzlu idkok`cluclk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq elhli idilglio( idkedk`lqclk elk zdcl udqglelz ilc~te elk zdiocoqlk mqlk` hlok( ~dqul idql~lclk elk idk`liluo qdlc~o)qdlc~o elk zdqtalglk mqlk` hlok( ylk` eoutkftcclk aloc ~dnlql rdqalh iltztk kmk rdqalh elk ilizt idknlqo zdidnlglk il~lhlg ylk` dbdcuob elhli ~tlut okudqlc~o ~m~olh elk idiohoco zdk`tl~llk cduqlizohlk cmitkocl~o+ Edk`lk clul hlok zdiadhlflqk cmmzdqluob ylk` eohlctclk idkfleoclk plq`l adhlflq zdqnlyl eoqo( ~oclz zm~ouob( cd~lelqlk ~outl~omklh( cdiliztlk idialpl eoqo( cduqlizohlk adqcmitkocl~o elk idiohoco ~oclz dizluo+ B+ Gozmud~o~ Zdkdhouolk Gozmud~o~ ylk` eolftclk elhli zdkdhouolk oko lelhlg ~dal`lo adqoctu6 !Udqelzlu zdqadellk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh ylk` ~o`koboclk lkulql cdhmizmc plq`l adhlflq adhlf lq Zdkeoeoclk Zqm`qli Zlcdu A ylk` idk``tklclk imedh imedh zdiadhlflqlk zdiadhlflql k cmmzdqluob edk`lk ylk` uoelc idk``tklclk imedh zdiadhlflqlk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob !+


Zl`d <5

ALA OO CLFOLK UDMQDUO^ L+ Glcoclu Lkeql`mò Zlel Ala oko lclk eoclfo udmqo)udmqo lkeql`mòc idktqtu zlql lgho lkulql hlok ylk` eocditclclk mhdg Ckmphd~ 

Zl`d <4

zlel adadqlzl cdkylullk ylk` lel( adadqlzl o~uohlg ylk` itknth idkfleoclk ~dal`lo ~tlut zdk`dialk`lk ylk` ~lk`lu zdkuok` alò gl~lklg zdilglilk udkulk` zdiocoqlk zdkeoeoclk mqlk` edpl~l+ Hlgoqkyl adadqlzl o~uohlg elhli zdiadhlflqlk mqlk` edpl~l ft`l uoelc hdzl~ elqo hlgoqkyl adadqlzl udmqo ylk` eocditclclk mhdg zlql lgho( algclk ndkedqtk` adqhdaoglk ~dgok``l zdkeoeoclk mqlk` edpl~l eozlkelk` ~dal`lo zqlìluo~id+ Hokedilk >1/ elhli atctkyl ^m~omhm`y mb Lethu lke Nmkuoktok` Detnluomk( eolquoclk ~dal`lo zdkeoeoclk ylk` adqcdhlkftulk( cmk~dz oko adquouoc umhlc zlel zdkohlolk algpl zdkeoeoclk ~dhlht adqcdhlkftulk( ithlo zdkeoeoclk lklc ~lizlo zlel mqlk` edpl~l+ L~ti~o oko ft`l eoel~lqclk algpl ~duolz zdkeoeoclk mqlk` edpl~l cdialho zlel zdkeoeoclk ylk` lel( ~dzdquo zdkeoeoclk ylk` adqmqodkul~o zlel zdkeoeoclk cdlgholk elk zdkeoeoclk cdudqlizohlk ylk` adqlel zlel hdrdh hlkftu iltztk hdrdh ylk` ~telg adqzdk`lhlilk+ Klitk ediocolk zlkelk`lk)zlkelk`lk zqlìluo~ udkulk` zdkeoeoclk mqlk` edpl~l uoelc hdzl~ elqo ~oclz cqouo~ elqo lgho ylk` hlok+ ôclz cqouo~ okohlg ylk` cditeolk idhlgoqclk zlkelk`lk)zlkelk`lk ylk` hdaog gtilko~ ~dzdquo ylk` eocdialk`clk mhdg Nlqh Qm`dq~ Elkcdqplhe( 5/ idk`ditclclk algpl zdkeoeoclk mqlk` edpl~l idiztkylo adadqlzl zqok~oz3 ylout zdqulil algpl mqlk` edpl~l glqt~ ztkyl cdokòklk tkutc adhlflq( mqlk` edpl~l uoelc lclk idizd~dqul eoeoco ~d~tlut glkyl clqdkl ~d~dmqlk` idk`lulclk idqdcl ~dglqt~kyl adhlflq( udulzo idqdcl glqt~ idiohoco cdokòklk tkutc idizd~dqul eoeoco cdudqlizohlk lult zdk`dulgtlk alqt3 Cdetl( mqlk` edpl~l ilt adhlflq clhlt idql~l zdqht( idqdcl okòk ulgt ~dfltg ilkl zdiadhlflqlk lult cdòlulk adhlflq out ilizt idialkut idqdcl ~d~d`dql itk`cok tkutc eoudqlzclk( elk idqdcl uoelc itk`cok udqulqoc zlel ~d~tlut ylk` adqkohlo <: ulgtk+ Mqlk` edpl~l uoelc lclk udqulqoc zlel zdhluoglk ylk` idk`lflqclk alkylc udmqo)udmqo( idqdcl lclk udqulqoc zlel glh)glh zqlcuo~( ~dedqglkl elk hlk`~tk` ididktgo lzl ylk` idqdcl okòkclk elhli adhlflq3 cduo`l mqlk` edpl~l adhlflq ~liaoh adcdqfl


Zl`d <2

lethu hdlqk ay emok`/( emok` /( adadqlzl zdkdhouolk idktkftclk algpl aohl mqlk` edpl~l ~d`dql elzlu idizqlcudcclk gl~oh adhlflq elk idk``tklclk gl~oh adhlflqkyl lclk adqulglk hdaog hlil( udulzo lzlaohl idqdcl uoelc idiztkylo cd~dizlulk tkutc udqhoalu ~dnlql lcuob elhli adhlflq elk ~d`dql idizqlcudcclk gl~ohkyl ilcl idqdcl lclk htzl lzl ylk` udhlg idqdcl zd~dqul eoeoco( ~dzdquo tk`clzlk nokl ‘ O gdlq lke O bmq`du( O ~dd lke O qdidiadq( O em lke O tkedq~ulke tkedq~ulke ’ Cddizlu mqlk` edpl~l adhlflq edk`lk ididnlgclk il~lhlg)il~lhlg qdlho~uo~( focl il~lhlg)il~lhlg ylk` idqdcl zd~dqul eoeoco uoelc qdlho~uo~( uoelc lel gtatk`lk edk`lk cdgoetzlk kylul( idqdcl uoelc lclk udqulqoc3 cdhoil zdk`lhlilk idizdk`lqtgo adhlflq mqlk` edpl~l( idqdcl lclk idk`gtatk`clk lzl ylk` idqdcl zd~dqul eoeoco edk`lk lzl ylk` idqdcl ~telg cdulgto( focl zdk`dulgtlk alqt uoelc nmnmc edk`lk zdk`dulgtlk idqdcl ~dadhtikyl idqdcl lclk idkmhlckyl+ El~lq elqo zdk`lhlilk adhlflq mqlk` edpl~l lelhlg zdk`lhlilk idqdcl( ~tlut zdk`lhlilk lult okbmqil~o alqt glqt~ eogtatk`clk edk`lk lzl ylk` udhlg idqdcl cdulgto3 Cddkli mqlk` edpl~l adhlflq edk`lk ~tl~lkl ylk` idkydklk`clk( lult elhli ~tl~lkl hok`ctk`lk ok bmqilh( bmqilh( ~tl~lkl chl~oclh titikyl ctqlk` idqdcl ~tclo3 cdutftg mqlk` edpl~l idqd~zmk zdkylizlolk iludqo ylk` adqrlqol~o( idqdcl lclk adhlflq hdaog aloc idhlhto nlql ylk` adqrl~ol~o( lult edk`lk clul hlok algpl okbmqil~o ~lizlo cdzlel idqdcl idhlhto hdaog ~lut okeql3 cdedhlzlk mqlk` edpl~l idkòkòkclk aoiaok`lk( atclk kohlo lult glh ylk` adq~oblu cqdedk~olh+ Mqlk` edpl~l idk`dqflclk lzl ylk` idqdcl okòk cdulgto( mqlk` edpl~l lclk idk`tctq cdilftlk idqdcl ~dkeoqo elk zdk`glq`llk elk aoiaok`lk elqo klql ~tiadq lclk idkemqmk` ~dilk`lu elk idknd`lg elqo bqt~ul~o clqdkl lelkyl ~ulkelqu)~ulkelqu ylk` uoelc idqdcl okòkclk+ Zdkeoeoclk mqlk` edpl~l ft`l eoclulclk ~dal`lo zdkeoeoclk qdntqqdk detnluomk( eo ilkl zdkeoeoclk hdaog idk`lnt zlel ~o~udi zdkeoeoclk udqudkut ylk` eocdhmhl edk`lk aloc+ Elhli zdkeoeoclk oko hdaog idkdclkclk zlel zdkuok`kyl zdkok`clulk zmudk~o ylk` lel elhli okeoroet+ O~uohlg hlok elqo zdkeoeoclk mqlk` edpl~l lelhlg hobd hmk` hdlqkok`( hdlqkok` ( zdkeoeoclk oko idktkftc zlel ~tlut cdkylullk algpl zqm~d~ zdkeoeoclk elk cdatutglk zdkeoeoclk lclk adqhlk`~tk` ~dzlkflk` glylu ilkt~ol+ Elhli Cmkudc~ oko uoelc lel o~uohlg clul udqhlialu elhli zqm~d~ idizdqmhdg zdkeoeoclk( elk uoelc lel alul~lk plcut udqudkut elk ft`l uoelc udqalul~ zlel ~o~udi chl~oclh ylk` idialul~o t~ol ~d~dmqlk` tkutc idizdqmhdg zdkeoeoclk+ Lul~ el~lq okohlg( adadqlzl lgho idkydutfto adadqlzl cmk~dz udkulk` edboko~o zdkeoeoclk mqlk` edpl~l+ Mq`lkouluomk bmq Dnmkmion Nm)mzdqluomk lke Edrdhmzidku 'MDNE/ Qm`dq~+ L(

Zl`d <0

edk`lk zdk`dulgtlk cdudqlizohlk( cdlgholk elk zdilglilk udqglelz ~d`lhl kohlo kohlo lcuoboul~ cdgoetzlk+ ^dflhlk edk`lk zdkelzlu udq~datu( Kluomklh Ok~uoutu Mb Lethu Detnluomk Qm`dq~( L+ / zdkedclulk Lcutlho~l~o eoqo( zdkedclulk oko hdaog idkdclkclk zlel adkutc zlquo~ozl~o ~duolz zd~dqul adhlflq+ Clqlcudqo~uoc elqo zdkedclulk oko idhoztuo6 l/ zqm~d~ ylk` adqzt~lu zlel zd~dqul eoeoc elk zqm~d~ ylk` eo`dqlcclk mhdg zd~dqul eoeoc+ Cmk~dz oko hdaog idkdclkclk zlel cdiliztlk okeoroet tkutc idk`lutq cdgoetzlkkyl ~dkeoqo3 a/ adhlflq adq~lil ~dflplu+ Elhli zqm~d~ zdk`lcutlho~l~oclk eoqo eoithlo edk`lk idiaokl gtatk`lk ~lhok` zdqnlyl lkulql bl~ohoulumq elk lk``mul cdhmizmc adhlflq+ ^lhok` zdqnlyl lkulql bl~ohoulumq edk`lk zd~dqul adhlflq( zd~dqul adhlflq edk`lk zd~dqul adhlflq idqtozlclk zql~ylqlu zlhok` zdkuok` tkutc idilftclk zqm~d~ zdqutiatglk elk zdk`dialk`lk adhlflq3 n/ iditelgclk udqnozulkyl cmk~dz eoqo ylk` zm~ouob+ Elhli glh oko zdkedclulk lcutlho~l~o eoqo idqtzlclk blcumq ctkno ylk` idizdk`lqtgo zdiohoglk ~tlut alòlk elqo cmk~dz eoqo( ylout al`loilkl nlql okeoboet idql~l eoqokyl eozdk`lqtgo+ ^delk`clk gl~oh zdkdhouolk ylk` eohlctclk mhdg Elqcdkplhe lke Ilqqoli ^tzqoflkum( 1::53 71)7>/ idkyoizthclk algpl zqok~oz zdialhlflqlk mqlk` edpl~l idhoztuo3 l/ cd~olzlk adhlflq mqlk` edpl~l udq`lkutk` zlel cplhoul~ zdiadhlflqlk ylk` ~telg lel ~dadhtikyl3 a/ zdk`tlulk Qdokbmqndidku/ Qdokbmqndidku/ zm~ouob hdaog dbdcuob3 n/ imuorl~o ok~uqok~oc idk`gl~ohclk zdiadhlflqlk hdaog itelg eo~dqlz elk zdqilkdk3 e/ alglk adhlflq lclk hdaog itelg eozd~dqul eoeoco lzlaohl ~d~tlo edk`lk cdaol~lkkyl3 d/ adhlflq lclk hdaog aloc lzlaohl eohlctclk edk`lk zdk`thlk`lk Uqolh lke dqqmq /3 /3 b/ alglk adhlflq elk ut`l~ ylk` adqilckl alò cdgoetzlkkyl lclk hdaog itelg tkutc eozd~dqul eoeoco3 `/ zlquo~ozl~o lcuob elhli zdiadhlflqlk lclk idizdqaloco ok`lulk3 g/ blcumq hok`ctk`lk idizdk`lqtgo zdiadhlflqlk+ Elhli zdiadhlflqlk eo ZCAI alkylc idumed elk imedh zdiadhlflqlk ylk` eocdialk`clk lkulql hlok imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob nmmzdqluord hdlqkok`/ hdlqkok` / `tkl idkok`cluclk cdndqel~k ~m~olh ~mnolh ~mnolh okudhho`dknd/ okudhho`dknd/ pzd~dqul eoeoc+


Zl`d <7

Udmqo)udmqo udkulk` zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob lclk eotk`clzclk mhdg zlql lgho ~dal`loilkl zlel zdialgl~lk glcoclu zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob nmmzdqluord nmmzdqluord hdlqkok`/ hdlqkok`/ elk glcoclu cdndqel~lk ~m~olh ~mnolh ~mnolh okudhho`dknd/ okudhho`dknd/ zlel alòlk A elk N+ A+ Glcoclu Glcoclu Zdiadhlflqlk Cmmzdqluob Cmmzdqluob 'Nmmzdqluord Hdlqkok` / Tkutc idialgl~ udmqo udkulk` zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob elhli zdkdhouolk oko( eoel~lqclk lul~ zdkelzlu zlql lgho edk`lk idhoglu elqo ~tetu zlkelk` il~ok`) il~ok`( ~dzdquo ~dzdquo ylk` eocditclclk eocditclclk mhdg Elroe~mk elk elk Plq~gli 5/ algpl( imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob lelhlg cdòlulk adhlflq idk`lflq ~dnlql cdhmizmc) cdhmizmc cdnoh+ Eo ~o~o hlok( Fdqmid Aqtkkdq 

Zl`d
cmk~dz)cmk~dz ylk` ~telg eoiohoco zd~dqul eoeoc( ~dgok``l cmk~dz)cmk~dz alqt udq~datu adklq)adklq udq~dqlz elk eozlglio mhdg zd~dqul eoeoc+ Idktqtu Lt~tadh / mzdql~omklh cmkcqoc 0)<< ulgtk/3 elk 5/ mzdql~omklh kmqilh <<) cd lul~ lkulql <1)<5-<4 ulgtk/+ Idqtftc zlel udmqo Zol`du( imedh nmmzdqluord ao~l eohlc~lklclk zlel uok`clu ÎZ t~ol adqco~lq lkulql <1)<5-<4 ulgtk/( ylk` udqil~tc elhli clud`mqo uok`clu mzdql~omklh bmqilh( clqdkl zlel zdqomed oko lklc elzlu idk``tklclk mzdql~o)mzdql~o ylk` hdaog cmizhdc~( elhli glh oko imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ao~l eudqlzclk zlel zqm`qli cd~dulqllk Zlcdu A >+ Udmqo Ry`mu~cy Idktqtu Ry`mu~cy 

Zl`d 1:

^hlrok ?/+ 61>?/+ Fmgk~mk elhli Gl~lk( / lelkyl tzlyl adhlflq elhli cdhmizmc( 5/ lelkyl cmizdudk~o ylk` glqt~ eonlzlo mhdg cdhmizmc+ Adqcdkllk edk`lk zdk`dhmizmclk zd~dqul eoeoc elzlu eoudkutclk adqelq~lqclk lul~6 / zdqzletlk lkulql ioklu elk alclu zd~dqul eoeoc elk hlulq cdiliztlk zd~dqul zd~dqul eoeoc+ eoeoc+ Ktqthglyluo( 1::1614)17/( idk`ditclclk hoil tk~tq el~lq imedh nmmzdqluord hdlqkok`( ylout6 / cdiliztlk adq~m~olho~l~o( 5/ ululz itcl( elk 4/ drlhtl~o zqm~d~ cdhmizmc+ +


Zl`d 1<

Cdudq`lkutk`lk ylk` zm~ouob lelhlg ~tlut adkutc cdqfl ~lil ylk` ~lk`lu dqlu cloulk lkulql lk``mul cdhmizmc+ Cdqfl ~lil oko eoatutgclk tkutc idknlzlo utftlk+ Zd~dqul eoeoc adklq)adklq idk`dquo algpl cd~tc~d~lk cdhmizmc udq`lkutk` zlel cd~tc~d~lk lk``mulkyl+ lk``mulkyl+ Ilc~te elqo zdqulk``tk`flplalk okeoroetlh lelhlg cdhmizmc udq`lkutk` zlel nlql adhlflq zdq~dmqlk`lk ~dhtqtg lk``mul cdhmizmc+ Zdqulk``tk`flplalk idibmct~clk lcuoroul~ cdhmizmc elhli idkfdhl~clk cmk~dz zlel ~lut mqlk` elk idil~uoclk algpl ~duolz mqlk` elhli cdhmizmc ~olz idk`glelzo lcuoroul~ hlok eo ilkl zd~dqul eoeoc glqt~ idkdqoil ulkzl zdqumhmk`lk lk``mul cdhmizmc+ Cdiliztlk adq~m~olho~l~o lelhlg ~datlg cdiliztlk adcdqfl ~lil ylk` aol~l eo`tklclk elhli lcuoroul~ cdhmizmc+ Cdhmizmc uoelc adqbtk`~o ~dnlql dbdcuob focl zd~dqul eoeoc uoelc idiohoco cdiliztlk adq~m~olho~l~o ylk` eoatutgclk+ ^duolz cdhmizmc eoadqoclk cd~dizlulk tkutc adqudit itcl elk adqeo~ct~o+ Cdòlulk okudqlc~o oko lclk idiadqo zd~dqul eoeoc adkutc ~okdqò ylk` idk`tkutk`clk idk`tkutk`clk ~ditl lk``mul+ Zdkeoeoc idkfleplhclk plcut alò cdhmizmc cd hmizmc tkutc idk`drlhtl~o zqm~d~ cdqfl cdhmizmc elk gl~oh cdqfl ~lil idqdcl l`lq ~dhlkftukyl ao~l adcdqfl ~lil hdaog dbdcuob+ ^dklel edk`lk zdkfdhl~lk udq~datu ôlgllk 1::461/ idk`tulqlclk hoil tk~tq d~dk~olh ylk` eoudclkclk elhli zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob( ylout6 l/ ~lhok` cdudq`lkutk`lk ylk` zm~ouob( a/ okudqlc~o adqglelzlk 'blnd)um)blnd okudqlnuomk/( n/ ulk``tk` flpla okeoroet 'okeoroetlh qd~zmk~oaohouy/( e/ cdudqlizohlk ~m~olh '~mnolh ~cohh~/( d/ udqfleo zqm~d~ elhli cdhmizmc '`qmtz zqmnd~~ok`/+ Zdiadhlflqlk nmmzdqluord idplelgo al`loilkl zd~dqul eoeoc elzlu adcdqfl ~lil elhli cdhmizmc( utftlk cdhmizmc lelhlg utftlk adq~lil+ ôutl~o cmmzdqluob idqtzlclk alòlk elqo zd~dqul eoeoc tkutc idknlzlo utftlk cdhmizmc( zd~dqul eoeoc glqt~ idql~lclk algpl idqdcl lclk idknlzlo utftlk( ilcl zd~dqul eoeoc hlok elhli cdhmizmckyl idiohoco cdadq~lillk( lquokyl uolz lk``mul cdhmizmc adq~oclz cmmzdqluob edk`lk ~d~lil lk``mul cdhmizmckyl+ Imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob idqtzlclk imedh zdiadhlflqlk ylk` alkylc eo`tklclk elk idkfleo zdqgluolk ~dqul eolkftqclk mhdg zlql lgho zdkeoeoclk+ Glh Glh oko eoclqdklclk adqel~lqclk gl~oh zdkdhouolk ylk` eohlctclk mhdg ^hlrok 

Zl`d 11

lngodrdidku/ elizlc zdkydqul( ylout ~oclz umhdqlk~o elk idk`glq`lo zdkelzlu mqlk` hlok+ Zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob lclk dbdcuob eo`tklclk lzlaohl6 / zdkeoeoc okòk idklkliclk zdkeoeoc ~dalyl lult adhlflq idhlhto udilk ~dkeoqo( 5/ zdkeoeoc idk`gdkelco lelkyl zdidqlullk zlquo~ozl~o lcuob zd~dqul eoeoc( 4/ zdkeoeoc idk`gdkelco cdiliztlk zd~dqul eoeoc elhli ididnlgclk adqal`lo zdqil~lhlglk+ ^lkflyl( 1::2 6 15:IpI/+ Eoud`l~clk zthl algpl Zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob elzlu eofdhl~clk elhli adadqlzl zdq~zdcuob( ylout6 / Zdq~zdcuob zdqcdialk`lk cm`kouob lquokyl edk`lk lelkyl okudqlc~o lkulql lk``mul cdhmizmc elzlu idk`dialk`clk zqd~ul~o pzd~dqul eoeoc tkutc adqzocoq idk`mhlg adqal`lo okbmqil~o ^lkflyl( 1::26151/+ Idktqtu ^lkflyl 1::26 151/ idkfdhl~clk algpl clqlcudqo~uoc lult noqo)noqo zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob elzlu eofdhl~clk ~dal`lo adqoctu+ <+ Zdiadhlfl Zdiad hlflqlk qlk ^dnlql ^dnlq l Uoi Zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob lelhlg zdiadhlflqlk eohlctclk ~dnlql uoi+ Uoi idqtzlclk udizlu tkutc idknlzlo utftlk+ Mhdg clqdkl out( uoi glqt~ ilizt idiatlu ~duolz pzd~dqul eoeoc adhlflq+ ^duolz lk``mul uoi glqt~ ~lhok` idialkut tkutc idknlzlo utftlk zdiadhlflqlk+ 1+ Eoel~lqc Eoel ~lqclk lk zlel Ilklfdidk Ilklf didk Cmmzdqluob Cmmzdql uob Ilklfdidk ~dzdquo ylk` udhlg coul zd~dqul eoeoco zlel ala ~dadhtikyl idiztkylo uo`l btk`~o( ylout6 l/ Btk`~o ilklfdidk ~dal`lo zdqdknlkllk zdhlc~lkllk idktkftcclk algpl zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob eohlc~lklclk ~d~tlo edk`lk zdqdknlkllk( elk hlk`clg)lk`clg zdiadhlflqlk ylk` ~telg eoudkutclk+ Io~lhkyl utftlk lzl ylk` glqt~ eonlzlo( al`loilkl nlql idknlzlokyl( lzl ylk` glqt~ eo`tklclk tkutc idknlzlo utftlk( elk hlok ~dal`lokyl+ a/ Btk`~o ilklfdidk ~dal`lo mq`lko~l~o( idktkftcclk algpl zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ididqhtclk zdqdknlkllk ylk` ilulk` l`lq zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk adqflhlk edk`lk dbdcuob+ n/ Btk`~o ilklfdidk ~dal`lo cmkuqmh( idktkftcclk algpl elhli zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zdqht eoudkutclk cqoudqol cdadqgl~ohlk aloc idhlhto adkutc ud~ iltztk il tztk km kmku kud~ d~++ >+ Cdiltlk Cdiltl k tkutc Adcdqfl ^lil Cdadqgl~ohlk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob eoudkutclk mhdg cdadqgl~ohlk ~dnlql cdhmizmc( mhdg clqdklkyl zqok~oz cdadq~lillk lult cdqfl ~lil zdqht eoudclkclk elhli zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob+ Ulkzl cdqfl ~lil ylk` aloc( zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob uoelc lclk idknlzlo gl~oh ylk` mzuoilh+ 5+ Cdudqlizohlk Cdudql izohlk Adcdqfl ^lil Cdiliztlk adcdqfl ~lil out eozqlcuocclk idhlhto lcuoroul~ elhli cdòlulk zdiadhlflqlk ~dnlql adqcdhmizmc+ Edk`lk ediocolk( pzd~dqul eoeoc zdqht eoemqmk` tkutc ilt elk ~lk``tz adqokudqlc~o elk adqcmitkocl~o


Zl`d 1>

edk`lk lk``mul hlok elhli qlk`cl idknlzlo utftlk zdiadhlflqlk ylk` udhlg eoudulzclk Idkoqtu It~hoi Oaqlgoi 1:::6>/ algpl zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob lelhlg ~tlut lcuoroul~ zdiadhlflqlk ylk` idk``tklclk zmhl adhlflq pzd~dqul eoeoc adqcdhmizmc tkutc idkflhok cdqfl ~lil elk ~lhok` cdudq`lkutk`lk elhli ~uqtcutq ut`l~( utftlk( elk gleolg+ Zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob eonoqoclk mhdg ~uqtcutq ut`l~( utftlk( elk zdk`glq`llk cmmzdqluob+ Pzd~dqul eoeoc ylk` adcdqfl elhli ~outl~o zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob eoemqmk` elk-lult eocdgdkelco tkutc adcdqfl ~lil zlel ~tlut ut`l~ adq~lil elk idqdcl glqt~ idk`mmqeokl~oclk t~lglkyl tkutc idkydhd~loclk ut`l~kyl+ Elhli zdkdqlzlk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob( etl lult Odaog okeoroet ~lhok` udq`lkutk` ~lut ~lil hlok tkutc idknlzlo ~lut zdk`glq`llk adq~lil+Idqdcl lclk adqalò zdk`glq`llk udq~datu ~dlkelokyl idqdcl adqgl~oh ~dal`lo cdhmizmc+ Oaqlgoi ft`l idkfdhl~clk algpl tk~tq)tk~tq el~lq zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob lelhlg ~dal`lo adqoctu6 l+ Pzd~dqul eoeoc elhli cdhmizmckyl glqt~hlg adqlk``lzlk algpl idqdcl ~dgoetz ~dzdklk``tk`lk adq~lil+ a+ Pzd~dqul eoeoc adqulk``tk` flpla lul~ ~d`lhl ~d~tlut eo elhli cdhmizmckyl( ~dzdquo iohoc idqdcl ~dkeoqo+ n+ Pzd~dqul eoeoc glqt~hlg glqt~hlg idhoglu algpl ~ditl lk``mul eo elhli cdhmizmckyl idiohoco utftlk ylk` ~lil+ e+ Pzd~dqul eoeoc glqt~hlg idialò ut`l~ elk ulk``tk` flpla ylk` ylk` ~lil eo lkulql lk``mul cdhmizmckyl+ d+ Pzd~dqul eoeoc lclk eocdklclk drlhtl~o lult eoadqoclk gleolg-zdk`glq`llk ylk` ft`l lclk eocdklclk tkutc ~ditl lk``mul cdhmizmc+ b+ Pzd~dqul eoeoc adqalò cdzdioizoklk cdzdioizok lk elk idqdcl idiatutgclk cdudqlizohlk cdudqliz ohlk tkutc adhlflq adq~lil ~dhlil zqm~d~ adhlflqkyl+ `+ Pzd~dqul eoeoc eoiokul idizdqulk``tk`flplaclk idizdqulk``tk`flplaclk ~dnlql ~dnlql okeoroetlh okeoroetlh iludqo ylk` eoulk`lko elhli cdhmizmc cmmzdqluob+ Oaqlgoi ft`l idkfdhl~clk algpl noqo)noqo ylk` udqfleo zlel cdalkylclk zdiadhlflqlk ylk` idk``tklclk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob( lelhlg ~dal`lo adqoctu6 l+ Pzd~dqul eoeoc adcdqfl elhli cdhmizmc ~dnlql cmmzdqluob tkutc idktkul~clk iludqo adhlflqkyl+ a+ Cdhmizmc eoadkutc elk pzd~dqul pzd~dqul eoeoc ylk` idiohoco cdiliztlk uok`ò( ~delk`( elk qdkelg+ n+ Aohlilkl itk`cok( lk``mul cdhmizmc adql~lh elk ql~( atelyl( ~tct( fdko~ cdhliok cdhliok adqadel)adel+ adqadel)adel+ e+ Zdk`glq`llk Zdk`glq `llk hdaog adqmqodkul~o adqmqod kul~o cdhmizmc cduoialk` cduoia lk` okeoroet+ okeoroe t+ Lel uo`l adkutc cdudqlizohlk cmmzdqluob ~dal`loilkl eotk`clzclk mhdg Htke`qdk 

Zl`d 15

a+

Cdudqlizohlk cmmzdqluob uok`clu idkdk`lg( idhoztuo6 l/ idktkftcclk zdk`glq`llk elk ~oizluo3 a/ idk`)tk`clzclk cduoelc~dutftlk edk`lk nlql ylk` elzlu eoudqoil3 n/idkedk`lqclk edk`lk lcuob3 e/ adqulkyl3 d/ idiatlu qok`cl~lk3 b/ idklb~oqclk3 `/ idk`lutq elk idk`mq`lko~oq3 g/ idkdqoil( ulk``tk` flpla3 o/ idk`tqlkò cdud`lk`lk+ n+ Cdudqlizohlk Cdudqlizohlk cmmzdqluob cmmzdqluob uok`clu ilgoq( idhoztuo6 l/ idk`dhlamql~o3 idk`dhlam ql~o3 a/ ididqoc~l edk`lk ndqilu3 n/ idklkylclk cdadklqlk3 e/ idkdulzclk utftlk3 elk d/ d / adqcmizqmio+ Uladh 1+< Hlk`clg)hlk`clg Imedh Zdiadolflqlk Cmmzdqluob Idktqt Htke`qdk ULGLZ CD@OLULK UOK@CLG HLCT O Idkylizloclk Zdkeoeoc idkylizloclk utftlk Utftlk elk zd~dqul eoeoclk ylk` lclk eonlzlo Idimuorl~o Pzd~dqul zlel cdòlulk zd~dqul eoeoclk elk eoeoc idkdclkclk zdkuok`kyl umzoc ylk` lclk eozd~dqul eoeoco elk idimuorl~o pzd~dqul eoeoc adhlflq OO Idkylizloclk Zdkeoeoc idkylfoclk okbmqil~o lult Okbmqil~o iludqo cdzlel zd~dqul eoeoc edk`lk flhlk edimk~uql~o edimk~uql ~o lult idhlhto idhl hto alglk alnllk OOO Idk`mq`lko~l~oclk Zdkeoeoc idkfdhl~clk cdzlel Pzd~dqul eoeoc cd pzd~dqul eoeoc al`loilkl nlqlkyl elhli Cdhmizmc) idiadkutc cdhmizmc adhlflq elk cdhmi cd hmi zmc Adhl Adhlfl flqq idiaoiaok` ~duolz cdhmizmc l`lq idhlctclk uqlk~o~o ~dnlql dbdcuob elk dbo~odk OR Idiaoiaok` Zdkeoeoc idiaoiaok` cdhmizmc) Cdhmizmc Adcdqfl elk cdhmizmc adhlflq zlel ~llu idqdcl Adhlflq idk`dqflclk ut`l~ idqdcl R Drlhtl~o Drlhtl~o Zdkeoeoc idk`drlhtl~o idk`drl htl~o gl~oh adhlflq adhlfl q udkulk` iludqo ylk` udhlg eozd~dqul eoeoco lult il~ok`)il~ok` cdhmizmc idizqd~dkul~oclk gl~oh cdqflkyl RO Idiadqoclk Zdkeoeoc idknlqo nlql)nlql tkutc Zdk`glq`llk idk`glq`lo aloc tzlyl iltztk gl~oh adhlflq okeoroet elk cdhmizmc


Zl`d 14

Zdkdqlzlk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob aol~lkyl lclk idhoaluclk 6 <+ Cduqlizohlk ~m~olh ( ( idqtzlclk cduqlizohlk tkutc idkflhok gtatk`lk lkulqzqoaleo elhli cdhmizmc tkutc idknlzlo elk idk`tl~lo cmk~dz ylk` eoadqoclk utumq . Okudqlc~o ululz itcl ^duolz okeoroet lclk adqokudqlc~o ~dnlql ululz itcl hlk`~tk` elhli cdhmizmc+ Okudqlc~o ylk` ~dqdkulc adqhlk`~tk` elhli ~duolz cdhmizmc idhlhto zdiaonlqllk ~duolz okeoret ylk` utqtu ~dqul idk`liaoh alòlk 1 Pzd~dqul eoeoc glqt~ ~lhok` adq`lkutk` zm~ouob( zm~ouob( lquokyl ~duolz pzd~dqul eoeoc glqt~ idhlc~lklclk ut`l~ il~ok`)il~ok` ylk` eoadqoclk tkutc idkydhd~loclk ut`l~ elhli cdhmizmc idqdcl+ ^duolz pzd~dqul eoeoc idiohoco zdhtlk` ylk` ~lil tkutc idk`liaoh alòlk elhli cdhmizmc+ Pzd~dqul eoeoc ylk` idiztkylo cdhdaoglk glqt~ idialkut udilkkyl elhli cdhmizmc out tkutc udqnlzlokyl ut`l~ ylk` eoadqoclk cdzlel cdhmizmc out+ ^duolz lk``mul cdhmizmc glqt~ ~lhok` udqgtatk`( ~lhok` idkò~o elk alkut idialkut >+ Zdk`lctlk uoi( lelhlg zdkdulzlk uoi ylk` eolk``lz zlhok` idkmkfmh lult uoi zlhok` adqzqd~ul~o tkutc cditeolk eoadqoclk zdk`glq`llk lult gleolg( edk`lk glqlzlk elzlu idimuorl~o uoi tkutc udqt~ adqzqd~ul~o hdaoc aloc hlò+ Adqel~lqclk clfolk udmqo udq~datu eo lul~ elzluhlg eo~oizthclk algpl zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ylk` eoilc~te elhli zdkdhouolk oko lelhlg ~uqludò zdiadhlflqlk ylk` idhoaluclk zlquo~ozl~o pzd~dqul eoeoc elhli ~lut cdhmizmc cdnoh tkutc ~lhok` adqokudqlc~o adhlflq adcdqfl ~lil edk`lk lk``mul hlokkyl ylk` udqeoqo elqo cdòlulk utumq ylk` idhoztuo idkylizloclk utftlk(( idkylfoclk Okbmqil~o( idk`mq`lko~l~o pzd~dqul eoeoccd elhli uoi( idialkut cdqfl uoi elk adhlflq( idk`drlhtl~o( idiadqoclk zdk`lctlk elk zdk`glq`llk ~delk`clk cdòlu cdòlulk lk pzd~dq pzd~dqul ul eoeoc idhoztuo idhoztuo ~lhok` ~lhok ` cdudq`lk cdu dq`lkutk`lk utk`lk zm~ouob( zm~ouob ( okudqlc~o okudq lc~o adqglelzlk( adqgl elzlk( ulk``tk` Flpla Okeoroet elk cdudqlizohlk ~m~olh3 N+ Glcoclu Cdndqel~lk ^m~olh Adqoctu oko lclk eotqloclk udmqo udkulk` cdndqel~lk ~m~olh ^mnolh  ^mnolh Ok udhho`dknd/ udhho`dknd/ idktqtu zdkelzlu zlql lgho eolkulqlkyl eocditclclk mdg ^tulkum Poketql+ Idizdk`lqtgo zdkelzlu elk uokelclk mqlk` hlok 5+ Idilglio gtatk`lk ~d~dmqlk` edk`lk hok`ctk`lk eo ~dcoulqkyl 4+ Idk`dc~zqd~oclk zdql~llk lult lzl ylk` ~delk` eozocoqclkkyl idhlhto algl~l utatg ylk` ~d~tlo 2+ Idkòkudqzqdul~oclk imme lult zdql~llk ~d~dmqlk` idhlhto algl~l utatg hlplk aonlqlkyl


Zl`d 12

0+ Idiadkutc elk idizdqulglkclk gtatk`lk glqimko~ ek`lk mqlk` hlok 7+ Idkfleo zdkdk`lg elhli ~tlut cmkzhoc ?+ Idkflhok cdqffl~lil edk`lk mqlk` hlok <:+ Idkelzluclk ~okdqò gl~oh cdqfl idhlhto adcdqfl ~lil elhli ~tlut cdhmizmc ^dhlkftukyl Poketql + Cdndqel~lk `lialq)qtlk`3 atluhlg `lialq ~dko zdqlamu clkumq lult hm`m cdòlulk ylk` idhoaluclk alkylc mqlk`+ Tkutc idiatlu hm`m zdqt~lglk( zl~uo ~duolz mqlk` idiztkylo t~th elk nlql ylk` adqadel idk`dklo nlql zdk`dqfllk elk gl~oh ylk` eookòkclkyl+ ^lutclkhlg oed)oed idqdcl l`lq zqm~d~ cdadq~lillk udulz udqfl`l+ 5+ Cdndqel~lk it~oc3 ~tlut cdòlulk ylk` eohlctclk edk`lk nlql ~lhok` idiok fliclk NE lult cl~du edk`lk udilk)udilk ylk` idiztkylo fdko~ ~dko it~oc ylk` ~lil+ 4+ Cdndqel~lk Bo~oc3 cdndqel~lk edk`lk idk``tklclk cdiliztlk elhli idizdk`lqtgo mqlk` hlok tkutc idioizok qdclk)qdclk idqdcl idkdqlzclk ~uqludò zdqiloklk mhlgql`l adqd`t ylk` coul okòkclk l`lq elzlu ididklk`clk zdqulkeok`lk 2+ Cdndqel~lk Zqoaleo3 ylout cdndqel~lk idkditclk cdctqlk`lk ylk` lclk eozdqaloco io~lhkyl cdzdioizoklk+ hlht nlqoclk idkumq lult zdiaoiaok` ylk` nmnmc lult nlqohlg cmiokoul~ cdnoh lzl ~lfl( aloc cmitkoul~ gmao iltztk cdòlulk ~dko ylk` iditk`cokclk tkutc adqhlhuog idizdqaloco ctlhoul~ cdzdioizoklk coul+ Edk`lk clul hlok algpl cdndqel~lk zqoaleo lelhlg cdndqel~lk ylk` adqgtatk`lk edk`lk cdiliztlk tkutc idk`dklh cdhdaoglk elk cdctqlk`lk eoqo ~dkeoqo( idqlknlk` utftlk goetz( idhlctclk zdqtalglk idktf utftlk goetz( idilglio cdatutglk eoqo ~dkeoqo( idilglio dc~o~udk~o goetz eo etkol( elk idk`cmitkocl~oclk zdql~llk ~tcl elk uoelc ~tcl idk`dklo ~tlut glh+ 0( Cdndqel~lk Lhli3 cdndqel~lk tkutc idizdk`lqtgo udilk)udilk tkutc idkòctuo cdòlulk zdutlhlk`lk lult cdòlulk ylk` adqgtatk`lk edk`lk lhli( ~dzdquo ididhoglql oclk( idkelco `tktk`( adqcdatk elk ~dal`lokyl+ Coul ao~l adqgl~oh lzlaohl idk`lflc udilk ylk` ~dithl uoelc adqioklu udqkylul adq~deol tkutc eolflc+ Dc~o~udk~o ilkt~ol ~dal`lo ilcghtc ~m~olh eoutkutu tkutc ao~l idkflhok okudqlc~o edk`lk ~d~lil( algclk eolcto mhdg alkylc lgho eo aoelk` z~ocmhmò ~dal`lo cdatutglk ylk` ~did~uokyl elzlu eozdktgo edk`lk aloc+ Aohl uoelc( ilkt~ol lclk idk`lhlio alkylc `lk``tlk elhli cdfopllkkyl+ Glh oko ft`l eolcto mhdg Elkodh @mhdilk 1::0 6557/ elhli ~datlg atctkyl ylk` adqfteth ^mnolh Okudhho`dknd( Okudhho`dknd( ylk` idkfdhl~clk algpl cdndqel~lk ~m~olh ~dal`lo ohit alqt edk`lk


Zl`d 10

oizhocl~o ylk` idk`dftuclk udqglelz okudqzdq~mklh( ~dzdquo qdlc~o lkulq)okeoroet elk idk`lutq `dqlc gluo ylk` idiadkutc gtatk`lk aloc lkulq)okeoroet+ ^dhlok out( eol ft`l idk`lcto algpl ~duolz okeoroet idiztkylo zdialpllk ylk` okud`qlh( ~dzdquo cdqfl ~lil( dizluo( elk ~oblu ididkuok`clk cdzdkuok`lk mqlk` hlok+ Eo ~lizok` out Lgile Itgloiok Lvvdu idkfdhl~clk algpl edpl~l oko ztahoc ft`l ithlo idkylelqo algpl cdndqel~lk ~m~olh out ~lk`lu zdkuok` l`lq ~d~dmqlk` ao~l ~tc~d~ elhli idkouo clqodq( aloc out t~lgl ~dnlql ilkeoqo iltztk adcdqfl eo ~datlg hdial`l lult zdqt~lgllk+ Cd~lelqlk oko adqlk`clu elqo ~datlg cdkylullk algpl alkylc mqlk` ylk` ~tc~d~ elhli clqodqkyl udqkylul aohl eoliluo ol idilk` idiohoco cdndqel~lk ~m~olh ylk` al`t~+ Io~lhkyl( ilizt idkflhok cdqfl ~lil( idiztkylo ql~l dizluo( lult zolplo elhli idkflhok cmitkocl~o( eolc~d~ elqo guuz6--ppp+pocoit+nmi-Kdp~-Eo~zhlyKdp~+l~zw=oe9<7777 ^dhlkftukyl @mhdilk 1::0 6 552/ idkfdhl~clk algpl Cdndqel~lk ~m~olh lelhlg cdiliztlk tkutc idk`dquo mqlk` hlok elk al`loilkl idqdcl lclk adqdlc~o udqglelz adqal`lo ~outl~o ~m~olh ylk` adqadel edk`lk clul hlok zdk`dquolk ~m~olh itqko+ Elhli udmqo gtilko~id cdndqel~lk ~m~olh hdaog idhoglu zlel ~o~o zdqcdialk`lk cdzqoaleolk ilkt~ol+ Zdkedclulk oko idhoglu cdfleolk udkulk` al`loilkl eoqokyl tkutc idhlctclk glh)glh ylk` zm~ouob+ Cdiliztlk zm~ouob oko ylk` eo~datu ~dal`lo zmudk~o ilkt~ol elk zlql zdkeoeoc ylk` adqlhoqlk gtilko~id aol~lkyl idkbmct~clk zdk`lflqlkkyl zlel zdialk`tklk cdiliztlk ylk` zm~ouob+ Cdiliztlk zm~ouob udq~datu dqlu cloulkkyl edk`lk zdk`dialk`lk dim~o zm~ouob ylk` udqelzlu elhli emilok lbdcuob+ Dim~o idqtzlclk clqludqo~uoc ylk` ~lk`lu ctlu ylk` klizlc elqo zlql zdkeoeoc adqlhoqlk gtilko~id+ Elhli udmqo zdiadhlflqlk gtilko~uoc( adhlflq idqtzlclk zqm~d~ ylk` eoithlo elk eoutftclk tkutc cdzdkuok`lk idilkt~olclk ilkt~ol+ Eoilkl idilkt~olclk ilkt~ol eo ~oko adqlquo idiztkylo utftlk tkutc idknlzlo lcutlho~l~o eoqo( zdilglilk eoqo( ~dqul qdlho~l~o eoqo mqlk` ylk` adhlflq ~dnlql mzuoilh+ Zdkedclulk gtilko~id elhli zdkeoeoclk idkdclkclk zlel zdqcdialk`lk zm~ouob+ Zdkedclulk ylk` adqbmct~ zlel zmudk~o ilkt~ol tkutc idknlqo elk idkditclk cdiliztlk ylk` idqdcl ztkyl elk idk`dialk`clk cdiliztlk udq~datu+ Glh oko idknlctz cdiliztlk okudqzdq~mklh ~m~olh elk idumed tkutc zdk`dialk`lk eoqo ylk` eoutftclk tkutc idizdqclyl eoqo( idkociluo cdadqlellk goetz elk ft`l il~ylqlclu+ Cduqlizohlk lult cdiliztlk idialk`tk eoqo ~dnlql zm~ouob oko idkfleo ~lk`lu zdkuok` elhli zdkeoeoclk clqdkl cdudqcloulkkyl edk`lk cdadqgl~ohlk lcledioc+ Elhli udmqo adhlflq gtilko~uoc( adhlflq eolk``lz adqgl~oh focl adhlflq idilglio hok`ctk`lkkyl elk eoqokyl ~dkeoqo+ L`lq adhlflq elhli zqm~d~ adhlflqkyl glqt~ adqt~lgl l`lq hlialu hltk ol ilizt idknlzlo lcutlho~l~o eoqo edk`lk ~daloc)alockyl+ Udmqo adhlflq oko adqt~lgl idilglio zdqohlct adhlflq elqo ~tetu zlkelk` zdhlctkyl( atclk elqo ~tetu zlkelk` zdk`lilukyl+ Utftlk tulil zlql zdkeoeoc lelhlg idialkut ~o zd~dqul eoeoc tkutc idk`dialk`clk eoqokyl( ylout idialkut il~ok`)il~ok` okeoroet tkutc idk`dklh eoqo idqdcl ~dkeoqo ~dal`lo ilkt~ol ylk` tkoc elk idialkut elhli idptfteclk zmudk~o)zmudk~o ylk` lel elhli eoqo idqdcl+


Zl`d 17

Lel ~lhlg ~lut oed zdkuok` elhli udmqo adhlflq gtilko~id ylout zd~dqul eoeoc glqt~ ilizt tkutc idk`lqlgclk eoqokyl ~dkeoqo elhli cdòlulk adhlflq idk`lflq( ~dgok``l l`lq7 adhlflq idk`dulgto lzl ylk` eozd~dqul eoeocokyl ~dqul ~dqul ulgt ~dadqlzl ad~lq zd~dqul eoeoc udq~datu elzlu idilgliokyl+ Elk ft`l zd~dqul eoeoc elzlu idk`dulgto ilkl( clzlk( elk al`loilkl idqdcl lclk adhlflq+ Edk`lk ediocolk ilcl zd~dqul eoeoc eoglqlzclk idkelzlu ilkbllu elk cd`tkllk elqo gl~oh adhlflq alò eoqokyl ~dkeoqo+ Lhoqlk gtilko~id idilkelk` adhlflq ~dal`lo ~datlg zqm~d~ ylk` udqfleo elhli okeoroet ylk` idhoztuo alòlk-emilok ylk` lel ylout elzlu idhoztuo emilok cm`kouob( lbdcuob( lbdcu ob( elk z~ocmimumqoc+ Edk`lk clul hlok( zdkedclulk gtilko~id idkdclkclk zdkuok`kyl dim~o lult zdql~llk( cmitkocl~o udqatcl( elk kohlo)kohlo ylk` eoiohoco mhdg ~duolz mqlk`+ Tkutc out( idumed zdiadhlflqlk gtilko~uoc idk`lqlg zlel tzlyl tkutc idk`l~lg kohlo)kohlo cdilkt~ollk zd~dqul eoeoc+ ^dgok``l zlql zdkeoeoc-zdkeoeoc eoglqlzclk elhli zdiadhlflqlk hdaog idkdclkclk kohlo)kohlo cdqfl~lil( ~lhok` idialkut( elk idk`tkutk`clk( cdftftqlk elk cqdluoroul~ tkutc eolzhocl~oclk elhli zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk ~dgok``l idk`gl~ohclk ~tlut zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk ylk` eoglqlzclk ~d~tlo edk`lk utftlk elk gl~oh adhlflq ylk` eonlzlo zd~dqul eoeoc+ Lel adadqlzl zdkelzlu zlql lgho idk`dklo udmqo adhlflq gtlilko~id ylout eolkulqlkyl 6 <+ Lqugtq Nmia~ '+ Nlqh Qm`dq ^dmqlk` z~ocmhm` gtilko~id ylk` idkdclkclk zdqhtkyl ~oclz ~lhok`


Zl`d 1?

idk`glq`lo elk ulkzl zql~lk`cl elhli idialkut okeoroet idk`lul~o il~lhlg) il~lhlg cdgoetzlkkyl+ Idktqtu Qm`dq~ ylk` udqzdkuok` elhli zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk lelhlg zdkuok`kyl zdkeoeoc idizdqgluoclk zqok~oz zdkeoeoclk elk zdiadhlflqlk+ Lel adadqlzl L~ti~o el~lq udmqo Qm`dq~ lelhlg6 Cdndkedqtk`lk bmqiluob3 ^d`lhl glh eo etkol aloc mq`lkoc iltztk kmk)mq`lkoc udq~t~tk elqo glh)glh ylk` hdaog cdnoh3 Cdndkedqtk`lk lcutlho~l~o3 Cdndkedqtk`lk ~duolz ilcghtc goetz tkutc adq`dqlc idktft cd cd~diztqkllk lult zdidktglk zmudk~olh eoqokyl+ Uolz okeoroetlh idiztkylo cdctlulk ylk` cqdluob tkutc idkydhd~loclk il~lhlgkyl+ Lzhocl~o udmqo gtilko~uoc hdaog idktkftc zlel qtg lult ~zoqou ~dhlil zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk ylk` idplqklo idumed)idumed ylk` eoudqlzclk+ Zdqlk zdkeoeoc elhli zdiadhlflqlk gtilko~uoc lelhlg idkfleo bl~ohoulumq alò zlql zd~dqul eoeoc( ~delk`clk zdkeoeoc idiadqoclk imuorl~o( cd~lelqlk idk`dklo ilckl adhlflq elhli cdgoetzlk zd~dqul eoeoc+ Zdkeoeoc idibl~ohoul~o zdk`lhlilk adhlflq cdzlel zd~dqul eoeoc elk idkelizokòkyl tkutc idizdqmhdg utftlk zdiadhlflqlk+ Zdiadhlflqlk adqel~lqclk udmqo gtilko~id oko nmnmc tkutc eoudqzclk zlel iludqo)iludqo zdiadhlflqlk ylk` adq~oblu zdiadkutclk cdzqoaleolk( gluo ktqlko( zdqtalglk ~oclz( elk lklho~o~ udqglelz bdkmidkl ~m~olh+ Okeoclumq elqo cdadqgl~ohlk lzhocl~o oko lelhlg zd~dqul eoeoc idql~l ~dklk` adq`loqlg( adqoko~oluob elhli adhlflq elk udqflleo zdqtalglk zmhl zocoq( zdqohlct elk ~oclz lul~ cdiltlk ~dkeoqo+ Zd~dqul eoeoc eoglqlzclk idkfleo ilkt~ol ylk` adal~( adqlko( uoelc udqoclu mhdg zdkelzlu mqlk` hlok elk idk`lutq zqoaleokyl ~dkeoqo ~dnlql adqulk``tk`flpla ulkzl idk`tqlkò glc)glc mqlk` hlok lult idhlk``lq lutqlk ( kmqil ( eo~ozhok lult duocl ylk` adqhlct+ ûdzgdk Fly Nmthe( Mk Okudhho`dknd( Imkl~g Tkordq~ouy6 / idk`dklh lc~o ~m~olh( utkutulk ~outl~o ~m~olh( elk idqlknlk` qdbmqil~o ~m~olh3 5/ idk`dialk`clk adhl~ cl~og elk ididqgluoclk ~d~lil+ Pohholi Nglk`( 1::2/ Cgoh~uqmi( Q( F+( elk Nlkumq( K+ 1::: 6 15/ elhli Atctkyl Dwzdqoidkulh ^mnolh Z~yngmhm`y Rmhtid 1< idk`lulclk algpl cdndqel~lk ~m~olh lelhlg cdiliztlk ylk` idknlzlo cdilulk`lk zlel cd~lelqlk adqzocoq elk adquokelc tkutc idkflhlkclk zdqlk ilkt~ol ~dal`lo ilcghtc ~m~olh eo elhli idkflhok gtatk`lk edk`lk hok`ctk`lk lult cdhmizmc il~ylqlclu+ Idktqtu Okeql Elqilplk 1::7 6 >4/ elhli atctkyl Colu Fout Ulchtclk Z~ocmud~ algpl cdndqel~lk ~m~olh idqtzlclk cdiliztlk elk cdudqlizohlk elhli idknozulclk elk idizdqulglkclk qdhl~o ~m~olhkyl ~dgok``l cdetl adhlg zoglc ylk` adqgtatk`lk adqlel elhli cdlellk pok)pok + Eofdhl~clk zthl algpl cdndqel~lk ~m~olh idiohoco > eoidk~o tulil ylout 6


Zl`d >:

<+ ^mnolh ~dknorouy idqtzlclk ~dadqlzl fltg ~d~dmqlk` ilizt idql~lclk elk idk`liluo qd~zmk mqlk` hlok ylk` eoutkftcclkkyl aloc ~dnlql ~dnlql rdqalh iltztk kmk rdqalh 1+ ^mnolh ok~o`gu idqtzlclk cdiliztlk ~d~dmqlk` elhli idknlqo zdidnlglk il~lhlgylk` dbdcuob elhli qdhl~o ~m~olh~dgok``l il~lhlg udq~datu uoelc idk`glialu lult ilhlg idk`glkntqclk qdhl~o ~m~olh ylk` udhlg lel >+^mnolh >+^mnolh Nmiitkonluomk idqtzlclk zdk`tl~llkudqglelz cdudqlizohlk cmitkocl~o ~m~olh+ Cdudqlizohlk oko eoatutgclk elhli zqm~d~ idknozulclk qdhl~o( idialk`tk qdhl~o( elk idizdqulgkclk qdhl~o ylk` udhlg eoalk`tk+Adkutc cdudqlizohlk oko adqtzl cmitkocl~o rdqalh+ Kmk rdqalh elk cmitkocl~o idhlhto zdklizohlk bo~oc+ Colu Fout Ulchtclk Z~ocm Ud~ ( Okeql Elqilplk( ^D(I+ô( Zt~ulcl Poeylulil _m`ylclqul6 _m`ylclqul6 1::7 6>4/ Idktqtu Atvlk 1::06 5/ cdndqel~lk ~m~olh lelhlg tctqlk cdiliztlk eoqo ~d~dmqlk` elhli zdq`lthlk eo il~ylqlclu elk cdiliztlk adqokudqlc~o ~m~olh edk`lk mqlk`)mqlk` eo ~dcdhohok` lult ~dcoulqkyl+ ~dcoulqkyl+ Mqlk` edk`lk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh uok`ò uoelc lclk idkdito cd~thoulk ~llu idithlo ~tlut okudqlc~o elk`lk ~d~dmqlk` lult ~datlg cdhmizmc aloc cdhmizmc cdnoh iltztk ad~lq+ Ol elzlu idilkblluclk elk idk``tklclk cdiliztlk mulc elk algl~l utatgkyl tkutc ‘idialnl’ udilk aonlqlkyl+ Cdndqel~lk ~m~olh eoalk`tk lkulql hlok lul~ cdiliztlk okuo tkutc idk`dklho zdqadellk( ~dnlql cgt~t~ zdqadellk ad~lq elhli ~tl~lkl gluo( udizdqlidk( imuorl~o( elk cdgdkelc+ Elhli adkutc ylk` hdaog ilft( cdndqel~lk oko iditk`cokclk mqlk` edpl~l idialnl cdgdkelc elk cdokòklk mqlk` hlok( algclk cduocl cdokòklk out eo~diatkyoclk+ Cdndqel~lk ~m~olh oko ft`l idknlctz cdiliztlk adqkd`mo~l~o( idk`lul~o ~d`lhl cmkbhoc( ~d`lhl cd~lhlglk( elk ~outl~o ylk` uoiath elhli zqm~d~ kd`mo~l~o+ ^ditl cdudqlizohlk out idiamhdgclk ~d~dmqlk` edk`lk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh uok`ò ~lk``tz adqzdqlk ~dal`lo udilk aonlql elk ~dclho`t~ zdkedk`lq ylk` aloc( ~dqul ~lk``tz adqgtatk`lk edk`lk alkylc mqlk`+ L`t~uokl( @+( L+ 1::1 6 54/ idkd`l~clk algpl cdndqel~lk ~m~olh lelhlg tctqlk cdiliztlk eoqo ~d~dmqlk` elhli zdq`lthlk eo il~ylqlclu elk cdiliztlk adqokudqlc~o ~m~olh edk`lk mqlk`)mqlk` eo ~dcdhohok` lult ~dcoulqkyl+ ~dcoulqkyl+ Mqlk` edk`lk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh uok`ò uoelc lclk idkdito cd~thoulk ~llu idithlo ~tlut okudqlc~o elk`lk ~d~dmqlk` lult ~datlg cdhmizmc aloc cdhmizmc cdnoh iltztk ad~lq+ Ol elzlu idilkblluclk elk idk``tklclk cdiliztlk mulc elk algl~l utatgkyl tkutc ‘idialnl’ udilk aonlqlkyl+ Cdndqel~lk ~m~olh eoalk`tk lkulql hlok lul~ cdiliztlk okuo tkutc idk`dklho zdqadellk( ~dnlql cgt~t~ zdqadellk ad~lq elhli ~tl~lkl gluo( udizdqlidk( imuorl~o( elk cdgdkelc+ Elhli adkutc ylk` hdaog ilft( cdndqel~lk oko iditk`cokclk mqlk` edpl~l idialnl cdgdkelc elk cdokòklk mqlk` hlok( algclk cduocl cdokòklk out eo~diatkyoclk+ Cdndqel~lk ~m~olh oko ft`l idknlctz cdiliztlk adqkd`mo~l~o( idk`lul~o ~d`lhl cmkbhoc( ~d`lhl cd~lhlglk( elk ~outl~o ylk` uoiath elhli zqm~d~ kd`mo~l~o+ ^ditl cdudqlizohlk out idiamhdgclk ~d~dmqlk` edk`lk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh uok`ò ~lk``tz adqzdqlk ~dal`lo udilk aonlql elk ~dclho`t~ zdkedk`lq ylk` aloc( ~dqul ~lk``tz adqgtatk`lk edk`lk alkylc mqlk`+ L`t~uokl( @+( L+ 1::1 6 52/ idkfdhl~clk algpl mqlk`)mqlk` ylk` udqlizoh elhli cdndqel~lk ~m~olh elzlu idkflhok gtatk`lk edk`lk mqlk` hlok edk`lk ntctz hlknlq(


Zl`d ><

zdcl idialnl qdlc~o elk zdql~llk idqdcl( ilizt idioizok elk idk`mq`lko~oq elk zokulq idklk`lko zdq~dho~oglk ylk` itknth elhli ~duolz cdòlulk ilkt~ol+ Idqdcl lelhlg zdioizok)zdioizok lhliolg( mqlk` ylk` ilizt idkylqlclk zdq~llk cmhdcuob ~dqul idqtit~clkkyl edk`lk fdhl~ ~dl`lo zlketlk alò cdhmizmc tkutc idqlog ~l~lqlk( Idqdcl lelhlg fdko~ mqlk` ylk` eo~tlclo mhdg ~dcoulqkyl clqdkl ~dnlql dim~omklh idqdcl idkydklk`clk( idqdcl idiatlu mqlk` hlok idql~l udkuqli( elk idkoiathclk cmidkulq6 ‘idkydklk`clk ~dclho adq`lth edk`lkkyl’ Adky idkfdhl~clk udqelzlu dizlu cdiliztlk el~lq udqzo~lg ylk` eo`tklclk elhli zdq`lthlk lkulqzqoaleo elhli cdgoetzlk ~dglqo)glqo+ Cmizmkdk) cmizmkdk udq~datu lelhlg6 <+Idk`mq`lko~oq <+Idk`mq`lko~oq Cdhmizmc Cdudqlizohlk d~dk~olh elqo ~dmqlk` zdioizok( oko idkylk`ctu idizqlclq~lo elk idk`cmmqeokl~o tzlyl idk``dqlcclk mqlk`+ Cdudqlizohlk oko idqtzlclk alclu ylk` udqelzlu zlel ~tuqlelql lult zqmet~dq ~lkeoplql( zdqpoql iohoudq( elk cdutl)cdutl ylk` dbdcuob elhli mq`lko~l~o elk ~d`lhl ilnli tkou+ Eoudizlu adqilok( alclu oko eoiohoco lklc ylk` idk`liaoh cdztut~lk lzl ylk` lclk eoilokclk mhdg ~duolz lk``mul lult ylk` idkfleo cdutl qd`t+ 1+Idqtkeok`clk Zdidnlglk Alclu ~dmqlk` ideolumq ylk` idknd`lg cmkbhoc lult idkydhd~loclk cmkbhoc) cmkbhoc ylk` idhdutz+ Mqlk` ylk` idiztkylo cdiliztlk oko( gdalu elhli idknlzlo cd~dzlclulk elhli idk`lul~o lult idklk`lko zdqalkulglk( idqdcl nlclz elhli aoelk` eozhmil~o( lqaouql~o lult gtcti lult ~dal`lo zdqlkulql lult ilklfdq mzdql~o+ Idqdcl oko lelhlg lklc)lklc ylk` idkelilokclk zdqalkulglk eo udizlu adqilok+ >+Gtatk`lk Zqoaleo Dizluo elk alclu idkflhok gtatk`lk+ Alclu oko iditelgclk tkutc il~tc cdelhli hok`ctz zdq`lthlk lult tkutc idk`dklho elk idqd~zmk~ edk`lk udzlu lclk zdql~llk elk cdzqogluoklk mqlk` hlok( ~dko idkflhok gtatk`lk+ Mqlk` ~dilnli oko idqtzlclk zdilok uoi ylk` al`t~( zl~lk`lk goetz ylk` eolkelhclk( ~lglalu lult qdclk t~lgl ylk` ~duol( eoetkol ao~ko~ idqdcl ~tc~d~ ~dal`lo udkl`l zdkftlh lult zlql ilklfdq lult elzlu idkfleo `tqt ylk` gdalu+ Alclu oko zlel lklc) lklc ylk` elzlu adq`lth zqlcuo~ edk`lk ~olzl ~lfl( itelg idil~tco qtlk` hok`ctz zdqiloklk( elk ~dklk` gluo idhlctclkkyl+ Lklc)lklc oko ndkedqtk` zlhok` zokulq idialnl dim~o elqo tk`clzlk plflg elk zlhok` ~tclo mhdg udilk)udilk ~dcdhl~kyl+ 5+Lklho~o ^m~olh Ilizt idkedudc~o elk idiztkylo zdilglilk udkulk` zdql~llk( imuob( elk cdzqogluoklk mqlk` hlok+ Zdilglilk lclk al`loilkl zdql~llk mqlk` hlok oko elzlu idialpl cd ~tlut cdokuoilk ylk` idkydklk`clk lult zdql~llk cdadq~lillk+ Elhli adkutc ylk` udqaloc( cdiliztlk oko elzlu idiatlu ~d~dmqlk` idkfleo lgho udqlzo lult cmk~dhmq ylk` cmizdudk lult aohl eo`latk`clk edk`lk alclu ~l~uql lclk idkfleo eqlilplk lult zdktho~ kmrdh ylk` adqalclu+ guuz6--ulhlplk`+ahm`~zmu+nmi-1::?-:2-el~lq)el~lq)cdndqel~lk)~m~olh+guih Cdndqel~lk okudhdcutlh idilk` ~lk`lu zdkuok` tkutc udqt~ eocdialk`clk+ Klitk( cdndqel~lk ylk` uoelc clhlg zdkuok`kyl lelhlg cdndqel~lk ~m~olh+


Zl`d >1

^tk``tg( cdndqel~lk ~m~olh oko ~lil ~dclho uoelc amhdg eolaloclk+ ^dala( cdndkedqtk`lk il~ylqlclu imedqk( ylk` ~lut ~lil hlok ~dqok` adq~oud`lk` edk`lk plcut clqdkl lelkyl ulq`du lult algclk liao~o( zdq~lok`lk ylk` ~lk`lu cdulu eo ~d`lhl aoelk`( cdatutglk udqglelz zdidktglk iludqo ~dclho`t~ `dk`~o ylk` ~dilcok idk`tlu( lclk idiatlu cdglk`lulk gtatk`lk ~m~olh ~dilcok adqctqlk`+ Eo ~okohlg zdkuok`kyl cdndqel~lk ~m~olh zlel lklc tkutc udqt~ eocdialk`clk l`lq cdhlc lklc)lklc coul ilizt goetz ~dnlql ~m~olh edk`lk aloc+ Adulzl zdkuok` cdndqel~lk ~m~olh eocdialk`clk clqdkl ~llu oko ft`l il~og alkylc mqlkùtl ylk` ~lk`lu alk``l aohl lklckyl adqgl~oh elhli ~uteokyl eo ~dcmhlg ylk` eoutkftcclk edk`lk kohlo qlzmq ylk` al`t~+ Glh oko idilk` uoelc ~lhlg( udulzo ft`l uoelc ao~l aohl eoclulclk adklq ~dqlut~ zdq~dk+ ^dala( adadqlzl zdkdhouolk ft~uqt idktkftcclk algpl cdndqel~lk dim~omklh( cdndqel~lk ~m~olh( elk cdndqel~lk ~zoqoutlh udqkylul hdaog adqzdk`lqtg alò cd~tc~d~lk lklc elhli cdgoetzlkkyl eo il~l idkelulk` aohl eoalkeok` edk`lk cdndqel~lk okudhdcutlh+ Glh oko elzlu coul cdulgto elqo gl~oh zdkdhouolk ylk` eohlctclk mhdg Elkodh @mhdilk / cdndqel~lk ~m~olh lelhlg tctqlk cdiliztlk eoqo ~d~dmqlk` elhli zdq`lthlk eo il~ylqlclu elk cdiliztlk adqokudqlc~o ~m~olh edk`lk mqlk`)mqlk` eo ~dcdhohok` lult ~dcoulqkyl+ Mqlk` edk`lk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh uok`ò uoelc lclk idkdito cd~thoulk ~llu idithlo ~tlut okudqlc~o elk`lk ~d~dmqlk` lult ~datlg cdhmizmc aloc cdhmizmc cdnoh iltztk ad~lq+ Ol elzlu idilkblluclk elk idk``tklclk cdiliztlk mulc elk algl~l utatgkyl tkutc ‘idialnl’ udilk aonlqlkyl+ Cdndqel~lk ~m~olh eoalk`tk lkulql hlok lul~ cdiliztlk okuo tkutc idk`dklho zdqadellk( ~dnlql cgt~t~ zdqadellk ad~lq elhli ~tl~lkl gluo( udizdqlidk( imuorl~o( elk cdgdkelc+ Elhli adkutc ylk` hdaog ilft( cdndqel~lk oko iditk`cokclk mqlk` edpl~l idialnl cdgdkelc elk cdokòklk mqlk` hlok( algclk cduocl cdokòklk out eo~diatkyoclk+ Cdndqel~lk ~m~olh oko ft`l idknlctz cdiliztlk adqkd`mo~l~o( idk`lul~o ~d`lhl cmkbhoc( ~d`lhl cd~lhlglk( elk ~outl~o ylk` uoiath elhli zqm~d~ kd`mo~l~o+ ^ditl cdudqlizohlk out idiamhdgclk ~d~dmqlk` edk`lk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh uok`ò ~lk``tz adqzdqlk ~dal`lo udilk aonlql elk ~dclho`t~ zdkedk`lq ylk` aloc( ~dqul ~lk``tz adqgtatk`lk edk`lk alkylc mqlk`+ Idktqtu @mhdilk udqelzlu etl zohlq tulil ^mnolh Okudhho`dknd lelhlg cd~lelqlk ~m~olh elk bl~ohoul~ ~m~olh lult ilklfdidk qdhl~o/+ Cd~lelqlk ~m~olh udqclou


Zl`d >>

edk`lk dizluo el~lq( cdudzlulk dizluoc( idkedk`lqclk( elk zdilglilk ~m~olh+ Bl~ohoul~ ~m~olh udqclou edk`lk ~okcqmko( zqd~dkul~oeoqo( zdk`lqtg( cdzqogluoklk+ Eofdhl~clk zthl algpl cdndqel~lk ~m~olh ~mnolh ~mnolh okudhho`dknd/ coko ulizlckyl colk idketetco zdqlk ylk` lilu zdkuok` cduocl coul gdkelc idialk`tk ~datlg qdhl~o ylk` zqmetcuob klk glqimko~+ Qdhl~o coul edk`lk cdqlalu( edk`lk udulk``l( edk`lk qdclk cdqfl lult ft`l edk`lk lul~lk itk`cok ao~l adqflhlk edk`lk hdaog l~yoc clhlt ~lfl coul ilizt idkedimk~uql~oclk ~dftihlg dhdidk zdkuok` elhli cdndqel~lk ~m~olh+ ^dnlql `lqo~ ad~lq( Lhaqdngu 1::5 6 54/ idkydatu lelkyl hoil dhdidk ctkno ylk` ao~l idk`l~lg cdndqel~lk ~m~olh coul( ylk` ol ~ok`clu idkfleo clul ^ZLND+ Clul ^ idqtftc zlel clul ~outluomklh lplqdkd~~ cd~lelqlk ~outl~omklh/+ Ilckl elqo cd~lelqlk oko lelhlg ~datlg cdgdkelc tkutc ao~l idilglio elk zdcl lclk cdatutglk ~dqul glc mqlk` hlok+ Mqlk` ylk` ulkzl ql~l em~l idk`dhtlqclk `l~ eo hobu ylk` zdktg ~d~lc out zl~uohlg atclk uozd mqlk` ylk` zlgli lclk ilckl cd~lelqlk ~outl~omklh+ Ediocolk ft`l mqlk` ylk` idqmcmc eo qtlk` adq LN lult ylk` idqmcmc eo qtlk` udqatcl elk idk`gdiat~clk l~lz ~dnlql ~dqlizlk`lk zlel ~ditl mqlk` eo~dcoulqkyl+ Dhdidk ylk` cdetl lelhlg zqd~dk~d lult cdiliztlk idialpl eoqo/+ Al`loilkl duocl zdklizohlk Lkel( ututq clul elk ~lzl ylk` Lkel adkulk`clk( `dqlc utatg cduocl aonlql elk idkedk`lqclk lelhlg ~dftihlg l~zdc ylk` udqnlctz elhli dhdidk oko+ ^duolz mqlk` zl~uo lclk idkok``lhclk oizqd~o ylk` adqhloklk udkulk` itut zqd~dk~d ylk` eogleoqclkkyl+ Lkel itk`cok ao~l idkòk`lu ~olzl qdclk lult lul~lk Lkel ylk` idiohoco ctlhoul~ zqd~dk~d ylk` aloc elk ilkl ylk` atqtc+ Dhdidk ylk` cduo`l lelhlg ltugdkuonouy ltudk~oul~/ lult ~okylh elqo zdqohlct coul ylk` lclk idiatlu mqlk` hlok idkohlo coul ~dal`lo mqlk` ylk` hlylc eozdqnlyl uqt~ude/( ftftq( udqatcl( elk ilizt idk`gleoqclk ~dftiztu cdutht~lk+ Dhdidk oko lilu zdkuok` ~dala glkyl edk`lk l~zdc okohlg coul ao~l idiadkulk`clk adqfdflc qdhl~o ylk` ithol klk adqilqulalu+ Dhdidk ylk` cddizlu lelhlg nhlqouy cdfdhl~lk/+ L~zdc oko idkfdhl~clk ~dfltg ilkl coul eoadclho cdiliztlk tkutc idkylizloclk `l`l~lk elk oed coul ~dnlql qdkylg klk zdq~tl~ob ~dgok``l mqlk` hlok ao~l idkdqoilkyl edk`lk ulk`lk udqatcl+ Lnlz coul idiohoco `l`l~lk ylk` aloc( klitk `l`lh idk`cmitkocl~oclkkyl ~dnlql nlkuoc ~dgok``l lul~lk lult qdclk cdqfl coul kelc adqgl~oh eoylcokclk+ Cdndqel~lk ~m~olh ylk` zqmetcuob alqlk`clho idilk` glkyl lclk ao~l eoalk`tk edk`lk okelg ilklclhl coul ilizt idk`lquocthl~oclk ~d`dklz zdiocoqlk coul edk`lk zdktg cdfdqkoglk elk cdadkok`lk+ ^lyl ~dkeoqo ~telg zdqklg idk`thl~ udcko~ idk`lquocthl~oclk `l`l~lk ~dnlql dbdcuob + Dhdidk ylk` udqlcgoq lelhlg dizlugy lult dizluo/+ L~zdc oko idqtftc zlel ~dfltg ilkl coul ao~l adqdizluo zlel zlkelk`lk elk `l`l~lk mqlk` hlok+ Elk ft`l ~dfltg ilkl coul idiohoco cduqlizohlk tkutc ao~l idkedk`lqclk elk idilglio ilc~te zdiocoqlk mqlk` hlok+ Coul alqlk`clho lclk ao~l idqlftu ~datlg flhoklk qdhl~o ylk` `tyta elk idlkok`bth clhlt ~lfl coul ~ditl ~dhlht eoadclho edk`lk ql~l dizluo ylk` ctlu udqglelz ~d~lil qdclk coul+ Ediocolkhlg hoil dhdidk ctkno ylk` idktqtu Clqh Lhaqdngu idqtzlclk l~zdc zdkuok` ylk` hlylc eozdqgluoclk tkutc ao~l idkdktk aok`clo cdndqel~lk dim~omklh


Zl`d >5

~dnlql mzuoilh+ Udkut ~lfl coul glqt~ ~dhlht idkydiztqklclk eoqo elhli cdhoil eoidk~o zdkuok` oko( ~tzlyl coul ~ditl ft`l ao~l idkfleo zqoaleo)zqoaleo ylk` ndqel~ ~dnlql ~m~olh+ Edk`lk cdudqlizohlk ~m~olh ylk` ylk` udqulkli elhli eoqo elzlu idkfleo zoflclk( lzlaohl utftlkkyl idk`lhlio glialulk lult idk`glelzo il~lhlg edk`lk mqlk` hlok+ Cdudqlizohlk udq~datu ft`l adqilkbllu( cduocl cdokòklkkyl lel qokulk`lk lult eoqokyl ~delk` ztkyl il~lhlg edk`lk mqlk` lult cdhmizmc hlok+ Eol lclk idk`ma~dqrl~o( idk`liluo( elk idknlqo ulgt adqcloulk edk`lk zqmahdi zqmahdi ylk` ~delk` eoglelzokyl+ Gl~oh elqo zdknlqolkkyl udq~datu( elzlu idkfleo zmkel~o tkutc idkdkutclk hlk`clg)hlk`clg tkutc idkydhd~loclk il~lhlg+ ^dudhlg eouditclk ~uqludò dbdcuob tkutc ididnlgclk il~lhlg( hlht eocmitkocl~oclk cdzlel mqlk` hlok edk`lk dizluo+ Elqo zqm~d~ oko elzlu udqflhok gtatk`lk okudqzdq~mklh idkelhli ylk` ao~l idiatcl ~dclu)~dclu zdqadellk( idiaoknlk`clk adqal`lo il~lhlg elqo gluo cd gluo( idknlqo flhlk udqaloc ylk` idiadqo cdil~hlglulk ~ditl zoglc( elk htpd~ idkdqlzclk zmhl ylk` ~telg eouditclk tkutc idkydhd~loclk il~lhlg edk`lk eo~d~tloclk zlel ~outl~o+ Lzlaohl tzlyl oko eoudqlzclk( udkut lclk idk`gl~ohclk cdelilolk elk cd~lkutklk elhli idkydhd~loclk ~duolz zdq~mhllk+ L`lq cdndqel~lk ~m~olh idkfleo ~mht~o tkutc idkydhd~loclk il~lhlg( zdqht lel `dqlclk idilgliclk( idiatelylclk( elk idkòizhdidkul~oclk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh eo udk`lg)udk`lg cmitkoul~ il~ylqlclu+ Tkutc idptfteclk `dqlclk udq~datu( eozdqhtclk ~tialk`~og elqo adqal`lo dhdidk il~ylqlclu+ Hlk`clg cmk`cqdu ylk` eohlctclk tkutc idilgliclk( idiatelylclk elk idkòizhdidkul~oclk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh idhlhto zdiadqelylk il~ylqlclu( ylk` idkfleo ~l~lqlkkyl lelhlg mq`lko~l~o)mq`lko~l~o eo uok`clu hmclh( ~dzdquo ulcioq il~foe( clqlk` ulqtkl( qtctk udulk``l( el~l po~il( lqo~lk( zl`tytalk cdhtlq`l elk hlok)hlok+ Imedh zdiadqelyllk ~dzdquo out out idqtzlclk nlql dbdcuob clqdkl uoelc udqcd~lk idk``tqto( ~dal`lo zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk ylk` idk``t`lg cd~lelqlk elk idklkliclk idklkliclk kohlo)kohlo idk`dklo lquo zdkuok`kyl zdkuok`kyl cdndqel~lk ~m~olh+ ôkdqò elzlu eoalk`tk tkutc idk`dialk`clk elk idil~ylqlcluclk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh Eo lkulqlkyl idhlhto cdqfl~lil lkulql etkol oket~uqo oket~uqo t~lgl/ elk zdq`tqtlk uok`ò+ Etkol t~lgl ~llukyl zdetho tkutc adqzdqlk ~dqul elhli nmiitkouy edrdhmzidku+ edrdhmzidku+ Adqel~lqclk tqlolk udq~datu eo lul~ elzluhlg eo~oizthclk algpl cdndqel~lk ~m~olh ylk` eoilc~te elhli zdkdhouolk oko lelhlg cdiliztlk ~d~dmqlk` elhli idilglio( idkedk`lqclk elk zdcl udqglelz ilc~te elk zdiocoqlk mqlk` hlok( ~dqul idql~lclk elk idk`liluo qdlc~o)qdlc~o elk zdqtalglk mqlk` hlok( ylk` eo utkftcclk aloc ~dnlql rdqalh iltztk kmk rdqalh elk ilizt idknlqo zdidnlglk il~lhlg ylk` dbdcuob elhli ~tlut okudqlc~o ~m~olh elk idiohoco zdk`tl~llk cduqlizohlk cmitkocl~o+ Lelztk okeoclumq elqo cdndqel~lk ~m~olh lelhlg3 zdqnlyl eoqo( ~oclz zm~ouob( cd~lelqlk ~outl~omklh( cdiliztlk idialpl eoqo( cduqlizohlk adqcmitkocl~o elk idiohoco ~oclz dizluo+

E+ Glcoclu Zqm`qli Zlcdu A

Zqm`qli Zlcdu A ~dulql ÎZ eocdialk`clk tkutc idiadqo zdhtlk` zlel


Zl`d >4

il~ylqlclu ylk` udhlg idkydhd~loclk zqm`qli Zlcdu L ~dulql Ê elk ylk` udhlg idkydhd~loclk zdkeoeoclk ~dcmhlg ~duok`clu Ê ylk` uoelc idhlkftuclk cd ÎZ alò idqdcl ylk` ztut~ ÎZ tkutc idkok`cluclk cdiliztlk eoqo ~dgok``l idiohoco zdk`dulgtlk elk cdiliztlk ~dulql edk`lk htht~lk ÎZ+ Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk idqtzlclk zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh ylk` idhoztuo cdhmizmc adhlflq cdflq/ Zqm`qli Zlcdu L ~dulql Ê-IO( Zqm`qli Zlcdu A ~dulql ÎZ-IU~( elk Zqm`qli Zlcdu N ~dulql ÎL-IL ylk` elzlu eo~dhdk``lqlclk idhlhto ^lk``lq Cdòlulk Adhlflq ^CA/( Zt~lu cdòlulk adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/( lult ~lutlk ~dfdko~ hlokkyl+ Elhli zqm`qli oko zd~dqul eoeoc ylk` udhlg ~dhd~lo idkòctuo zdiadhlflqlk elk idkòctuo Tfolk Kl~omklh Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk TKZC/ lclk idizdqmhdg ofl~lg ~dulql Ê+ ^dhlok idizdqmhdg adclh zdk`dulgtlk titi( elk cduqlizohlk+ Zdidkeockl~ QO Km+ > Ulgtk 1::7 guuz6--ppp+ihk`+n+oe-zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk( eolc~d~ 11 ^dzudiadq 1:< TT ô~eockl~ Km+ 1:-1::> elhli ^mdhloilk 1::761>/ Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk lelhlg zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh ylk` idkydhdk``lqlclk zdkeoeoclk titi ~dulql Ê-IO( ÎZ-IU~( elk ÎL-IL ylk` idknlk`ctz zqm`qli Zlcdu L( Zlcdu A( elk Zlcdu N+ Hdaog hlkftu idktqtu TT Km 1:-1::> ô~eockl~ Zl~lh 12 Lylu 2 elhli ^mdhloilk 1::761>/+ Gl~oh zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh elzlu eoglq`lo ~dulql edk`lk gl~oh zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk bmqilh ~dudhlg idhlhto zqm~d~ zdkohlolk zdkydulqllk mhdg hdial`l ylk` eoutkftc mhdg Zdidqokulg lult zdidqokulg eldqlg edk`lk idk`lnt zlel ûlkelq Kl~omklh Zdkeoeoclk+ ^mdhloilk 1::7615/ Zqm`qli Zlcdu A lelhlg zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk el~lq zlel flhtq zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh ylk` elzlu eooctuo mhdg zd~dqul eoeoc ylk` okòk idkydhd~loclk zdkeoeoclk ~dulql ÎZ-IU~+ Htht~lk Zqm`qli Zlcdu A adqglc idkelzlu oflvlg elk eolcto ~dulql edk`lk oflvlg ÎZ-IU~+ Utftlk zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zqm`qli cdflq zlcdu A lelhlg idkok`cluclk zdk`dulgtlk( cdudqlizohlk elk ~oclz zd~dqul eoeoc ~dgok``l elzlu idiohoco zdk`dulgtlk ( cdudqlizohlk+ ^teflkl( 1::>6>0/+ Zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk Zlcdu A lelhlg ~tlut zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk ~dulql ÎZ-IU~ edk`lk Utftlk tkutc idkok`cluclk zdk`dulgtlk( cdudqlizohlk elk ~oclz zd~dqul eoeoc ~dqul zdkyolzlk cmizdudk~o zd~dqul eoeoc l`lq idiohoco


Zl`d >2

cd~olzlk tkutc udqftk cd il~ylqlclu elk etkol cdqfl( clqdkl ~dalòlk ad~lq elqo idqdcl uoelc idhlkftuclk cd fdkflk` ylk` hdaog uok`ò ^teflkl( 1::>6>7/+ Elqo zdkelzlu eolul~ elzlu eo~oizthclk algpl zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk zlcdu A lelhlg zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk el~lq zlel flhtq zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh ylk` elzlu eooctuo mhdg zd~dqul eoeoc ylk` okòk idkydhd~loclk zdkeoeoclk ~dulql ÎZ-IU~+ Gl~oh zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh elzlu eoglq`lo ~dulql edk`lk gl~oh zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk bmqilh ~dudhlg idhlhto zqm~d~ zdkohlolk zdkydulqllk mhdg hdial`l ylk` eoutkftc mhdg Zdidqokulg lult zdidqokulg eldqlg edk`lk idk`lnt zlel ûlkelq Kl~omklh Zdkeoeoclk+ 1+Btk`~o elk Utftlk Zqm`qli Zdkeoeoclk Zlcdu A Zdqlk zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk ylk` idhoztuo zqm`qli Zlcdu A( ~lk`lu ~uqludò~ elhli qlk`cl zdiadqolk adclh zdk`dulgtlk+ Zdkydhdk``lqllk zqm`qli oko udqtulil eoutftclk alò il~ylqlclu ztut~ ~dcmhlg clqdkl cdudqalul~lk dcmkmio( il~ylqlclu ylk` adqudizlu uok``lh eo eldqlg)eldqlg cgt~t~( ~dzdquo eldqlg zdqalul~lk( eldqlg adknlkl( elk eldqlg ylk` udqo~mhoq ylk` adhti idiohoco bl~ohoul~ zdkeoeoclk ylk` idilelo+ ^teflkl( 1::>6>0/+ Idilglio kohlo elk ilkbllu zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk alò zdkok`clulk ctlhoul~ cdgoetzlk il~ylqlclu idkfleo ~lhlg ~lut blcumq tulil ylk` idkemqmk` il~ylqlclu tkutc adqzlquo~ozl~o zlel zqm`qli ylk` eo~dhdk``lqlclk edk`lk lkut~ol~+ Tkutc ~clhl kl~omklh( zdkydhdk``lqllk zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk eoilc~teclk ~dal`lo tzlyl tkutc idketctk` elk idk~tc~d~clk zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk plfoa adhlflq ? ulgtk ylk` idqtzlclk zdkflalqlk elqo qdknlkl ~uqludò~ Edzlqudidk Zdkeoeoclk kl~omklh ylk` idhoztuo zdqhtl~lk lc~d~( zdidqlullk( elk zdkok`clulk itut zdkeoeoclk+ Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk zlel glcdclukyl adqutftlk idiadqoclk cd~dizlulk cdzlel plq`l il~ylqlclu tkutc idkòctuo zdkeoeoclk el~lq elk idkdk`lg ylk` adqitut elk qdhdrlk edk`lk cdatutglk zd~dqul eoeoc ylk` uoelc idiohoco cd~dizlulk adhlflq zlel zdkeoeoclk bmqilh+ _lko 1:<:6<1/ btk`~o elqo zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk zlcdu A lelhlg idk`dialk`clk zdk`dulgtlk( cdudqlizohlk( ~oclz elk kohlo ylk` ~dulql edk`lk ÎZ( cdzlel zd~dqul eoeoc ylk` clqdkl adqal`lo glh uoelc elzlu adq~dcmhlg( ~dgok``l elzlu idkok`cluclk zlquo~ozl~o ÎZ alò cdhmizmc t~ol <>)<4 ulgtk( elk idiadqoclk lc~d~ udqglelz zdkeoeoclk ~dulql ÎZ alò mqlk` edpl~l ~d~tlo edk`lk zmudk~o elk cdatutglkkyl+ Eoqdcumqlu zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk elhli _lko 1:<:6<5/( zdkok`clulk zdqgluolk elk zdqlk ~dqul il~ylqlclu udqglelz zqm`qli Zlcdu A zdqht eooialkò edk`lk tzlyl zdkyolzlk cmizdudk~o zd~dqul eoeoc l`lq idiohoco cd~olzlk tkutc udqftk cd il~ylqlclu elk etkol cdqfl( clqdkl ~dalòlk ad~lq elqo idqdcl uoelc idhlkftuclk cd fdkflk` ylk` hdaog uok`ò+ Glh oko ~dflhlk edk`lk cdaoflclk Eoqdcumqlu Fdkedqlh Zdkeoeoclk Kmkbmqilh elk Okbmqilh Eoufdk ZKBO/ tkutc idk`dialk`clk zqm`qli Cdnlclzlk Goetz Hobd Hobd ^cohh~/ ^cohh~/ zlel zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk+ ^mdhloilk 1::7617/ idk`lulclk Utftlk zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zqm`qli cdflq zlcdu A lelhlg idkok`cluclk zdk`dulgtlk( cdudqlizohlk elk ~oclz zd~dqul eoeoc ~dgok``l elzlu idiohoco zdk`dulgtlk ( cdudqlizohlk+ Lelztk utftlk elqo zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk zlcdu A idktqtu _lko 1:<:6<4/


Zl`d >0

lelhlg6 <+ idk`dialk`clk el~lq)el~lq zdiadkutclk plq`l kd`lql ylk` adqoilk( elk adqul|pl adqclqlcudq elk adqilqulalu+ 1+ idkok`cluclk cdiliztlk idialnl( idktho~ elk adqgoutk`( ~dal`lo lhlu tkutc idilglio ilul zd~dqul eoeoclk hlokkyl+ >+ idkok`cluclk zdk`lhlilk adhlflq ylk` ilkeoqo( cqdluob( elk zqmetcuob+ idiadqoclk cdnlclzlk goetz tkutc adcdqfl elk adqt~lgl ilkeoqo+ 5+ idiadqoclk adclh zdk`dulgtlk( cdiliztlk( elk ~oclz el~lq ylk` iditk`cokclk zd~dqul eoeoc idkòctuo zdkeoeoclk hlkftulk eo ÎL-ÎC-IL lult zlcdu N+ Zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zlcdu A lelhlg ~tlut zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk ~dulql ÎZ-IU~ edk`lk Utftlk tkutc idkok`cluclk zdk`dulgtlk( cdudqlizohlk elk ~oclz zd~dqul eoeoc ~dqul zdkyolzlk cmizdudk~o zd~dqul eoeoc l`lq idiohoco cd~olzlk tkutc udqftk cd il~ylqlclu elk etkol cdqfl( clqdkl ~dalòlk ad~lq elqo idqdcl uoelc idhlkftuclk cd fdkflk` ylk` hdaog uok`ò+ >+ Ilckl Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk Adqel~lqclk TT Km+ 1: ulgtk 1::> udulk` ô~udi Zdkeoeoclk Kl~omklh Zl~lh 12 lylu >/ elk zdkfdhl~lkkyl algpl zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk lelhlg zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh ylk` idkydhdk``lqlclk zdkeoeoclk titi ~dulql Ê-IO( ÎZ-IU~ elk ÎL-IL ylk` idknlctz zqm`qli Zlcdu L( Zlcdu A elk Zlcdu N+ Zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk idhoztuo Zqm`lqi Zlcdu L ~dulql Ê( Zlcdu A ~dulql ÎZ elk Zlcdu N ~dulql ÎL eoutftclk alò zd~dqul eoeoc ylk` adql~lh elqo il~ylqlclu ylk` ctqlk` adqtkutk`( uoelc zdqklg ~dcmhlg( ztut~ ~dcmhlg elk ztut~ hlkftu( ~dqul t~ol zqmetcuob ylk` okòk idkok`cluclk zdk`dulgtlk elk cdnlclzlk goetz( elk plq`l il~ylqlclu hlok ylk` ididqhtclk hlylklk cgt~t~ elhli ididktgo cdatutglk goetzkyl ~dal`lo elizlc elqo zdqtalglk zdkok`clulk ulqlb goetz( ohit zdk`dulgtlk elk udckmhmò+ Edbio~o idk`dklo ~dulql lelhlg ~dzlelk elhli noroh dbbdnu( tctqlk( zdk`lqtg( btk`~o elk cdetetclk+ ^dal`loilkl udqnlkuti elhli Tkelk`)Tkelk` Km+ 1: Ulgtk 1::> udkulk` ô~udi Zdkeoeoclk Kl~omklh( zl~lh 12 lylu 2/ algpl !gl~oh zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh elzlu eoglq`lo ~dulql edk`lk gl~oh zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk bmqilh ~dudhlg idhlhto zqm~d~ zdkohlolk zdkydulqllk mhdg hdial`l ylk` eoutkftc mhdg zdidqokulg lult zdidqokulg eldqlg edk`lk idk`lnt zlel ~ulkelq kl~omklh zdkeoeoclk!+ Zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk idqtzlclk flhtq zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh edk`lk ~ulkelq cmizdudk~o htht~lk ylk` ~lil edk`lk ~dcmhlg bmqilh( udulzo cmkudk( cmkudc~( idumemhmò( elk zdkedclulk tkutc idknlzlo ~ulkelq cmizdudk~o htht~lk udq~datu hdaog idiadqoclk cmk~dz)cmk~dz udqlzlk( udiluoc( oketcuob( ylk` udqclou edk`lk zdqil~lhlglk hok`ctk`lk elk idhluogclk cdnlclzlk goetz adqmqodkul~o cdqfl lult adqt~lgl ilkeoqo+ Mhdg clqdkl out cmizdudk~o htht~lk Zqm`qli Zlcdu L eolqlgclk zlel cdzdiohoclk cdudqlizohlk el~lq tkutc ididktgo cdatutglk goetz ~dglqo)glqo( Zqm`qli Zlcdu A zlel zdiohoclk cdudqlizohlk tkutc ididktgo utkutulk etkol cdqfl( elk Zqm`qli Zlcdu N zlel zdiohoclk cdudqlizohlk adqpoqlt~lgl+ Zdqadellk oko eo~dalaclk mhdg cdcgl~lk clqlcudqo~uoc zd~dqul eoeoc ylk` clqdkl adqal`lo glh uoelc idkòctuo flhtq bmqilh clqdkl ididqhtclk ~ta~ulk~o zqlcuoclh ylk` qdhdrlk edk`lk cdgoetzlk kylul+


Zl`d >7

Zqok~oz zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk edk`lk nlql idizdqgluoclk zd~dqul eoeoc lul~ zdqadellk fdko~ cdhliok( cdiliztlk lplh( uok`clu okudhdcutlh( ioklu( alclu( imuorl~o adhlflq( zmudk~o( cdiliztlk ~m~olh( dim~o( `lyl adhlflq( cdatutglk cgt~t~( cdnlzlulk adhlflq( hlulq adhlclk` atelyl( kohlo( hok`ctk`lk zd~dqul eoeoc ~dqul idkemqmk` zlquo~ozl~o lcuob zd~dqul eoeoc+ l+ Ctqocthti Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk Ctqocthti zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk eolqlgclk tkutc idptfteclk zd~dqul eoeoc ndqel~ cmizqdgdk~ob ~zoqoutlh( dim~omklh( ~m~olh( okudhdcutlh elk cokd~uduoc/( ~dqul idiohoco elyl ~lok` cmizduouob/+ Zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk eohlc~lklclk edk`lk idk``tklclk zdkedclulk oketcuob( cmk~uqtcuob( dbdcuob elk dbo~odk idhlhto cdòlulk ululz itcl( zdkeoeocolh( ilkeoqo elk lult cmiaokl~o cduo`lkyl+ Adqcloulk edk`lk out( ~o~udi zdiadhlflqlk 'edhordqy ~y~udi/ eoqlknlk` ~dediocolk qtzl l`lq idiohoco cdctlulk udq~dkeoqo tkutc idk`dialk`clk cdnlclzlk cmizqdgdk~ob elk cmizduouob ylk` adq`tkl elhli zdkok`clulk cdiliztlk adhlflq ~dzlkflk` glylu+ Ctqocthtikyl eocdialk`clk adqel~lqclk Zdqlutqlk Zdidqokulg Kmimq / Cdhmizmc ilul zd~dqul eoeoclk Ohit Zdk`dulgtlk elk Udckmhmò 5/ Cdhmizmc ilul zd~dqul eoeoclk D~uduocl 4/ Cdhmizmc ilul zd~dqul eoeoclk Zdkeoeoclk Fl~ilko( Mhlgql`l elk Cd~dglulk O~o ctqocthti uok`clu ~lutlk zdkeoeoclk zqm`qli zlcdu A idhoztuo <: ilul / Algl~l( 5/ Iludiluocl( 4/ Ohit Zdk`dulgtlk Lhli( 2/ Ohit Zdk`dulgtlk ^m~olh( 0/ ^dko elk Atelyl( 7/ Zdkeoeoclk Fl~ilko( Mhlgql`l elk Cd~dglulk( ?/ Cdudqlizohlk-Cdftqtlk elk <:/ Itlulk Hmclh Elhli Zdqlutqlk Zdidqokulg Kmimq <7 Ulgtk 1::>3 Ctqocthti ÎZ-IU~lult adkutc hlok ylk` ~dedqlflu Zqm`qli Zlcdu A/ elk ÎL-ÎC-IL lult adkutc hlok ylk` ~dedqlflu Zqm`qli Zlcdu N/ elzlu idil~tclk zdkeoeoclk cdnlclzlk goetz3 idknlctz cdnlclzlk zqoaleo( cdnlclzlk ~m~olh( cdnlclzlk lcledioc elk cdnlclulk rmcl~omklh ylk` idqtzlclk alòlk elqo ~duolz cdhmizmc ilul zd~dqul eoeoclk+ Elhli Zdqlutqlk Idkudqo Zdkeoeoclk Kl~omklh Kmimq > ulgtk 1::7 udkulk` ûlkelq Zqm~d~ Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk Zqm`qli Zlcdu L( Zqm`qli Zlcdu A( elk Zqm`qli Zlcdu N3 adalk adhlflq zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk idk`dialk`clk ~o~udi ^lutlk Cqdeou Cmizdudk~o ^CC/+ ^duolz zqm`qli eokylulclk elhli ^CC ylk` idktkftcclk amamu cmizdudk~o ylk` glqt~ eonlzlo mhdg zd~dqul eoeoc elhli idkòctuo zqm`qli zdiadhlflqlk+ Elhli cdòlulk zdiadhlflqlk ~o~udi ^CC( ~duolz zd~dqul eoeoc plfoa idkòctuo cdòlulk zdiadhlflqlk elhli adkutc ululz itcl( zdkeoeocolh elk ilkeoqo edk`lk zdqalkeok`lk ululz itcl iokoilh 1:$( zdkeoeocolh iokoilh >:$ elk adhlflq ilkeoqo ilc~oilh 4:$( edk`lk fleplh zdkeoeocolh iokoilh 1 glqo zdq iok``t+


Zl`d >?

Cgt~t~ tkutc zqm`qli Zdcdu A Uok`clulk >-Udqlizoh < ^dulql cdhl~ ROO )ROOO/ idiztkylo adalk 27 ^CC( ~dulql edk`lk zdiadhlflqlk ylk` eohlc~lklclk ikoilh <0 ^CC zd~q ~did~udq+ ^delk`clk Uok`clulk 5-Udqlizoh 1 ^dulql cdhl~ OW/ idiztkylo adalk >5 ^CC( ~dulql edk`lk cdòlulk zdiadhlflqlk ylk` eohlc~lklclk iokoilh <0 ^CC zdq ~did~udq ^ta~ulk~o cdqtilgulk``llk eookud`ql~oclk cd elhli ilul zd~dqul eoeoclk udqclou Cdòlulk zdiadhlflqlk zd~dqul eoeoc zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk eohlc~lklclk idhlhto qmiamk`lk adhlflq-cdhmizmc adhlflq edk`lk ftihlg zd~dqul eoeoc zdq qmiamk`lk adhlflq tkutc Zqm`qli Zlcdu L ~dulql Ê-IO 6 1: zd~dqul eoeoc( Zqm`qli Zlcdu A ~dulql ÎZ-IU~ 6 14 zd~dqul eoeoc( elk Zqm`qli Zlcdu N ~dulql ÎL-IL6 >: zd~dqul eoeoc( lult eo~d~tloclk edk`lk cdidiztlk elk cdudq~deollk ~tiadq elyl ylk` lel zlel ~duolz ~lutlk zdkeoeoclk+ n+ Zdk`dhmhllk Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk Zdqlutqlk Idkudqo Zdkeoeoclk Kl~omklh Kmimq 5? ulgtk 1::0 udkulk` ûlkelq Zdk`dhmhllk Zdkeoeoclk mhdg ^lutlk Zdkeoeoclk Kmk Bmqilh( idkd`l~clk algpl ~dctqlk`)ctqlk`kyl dizlu glh glqt~ eohlc~lklclk mhdg ~duolz ~lutlk zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh elhli zdk`dhmhllkkkyl ithlo elqo zdqdknlkllk zqm`qli( zdhlc~lkllk qdknlkl cdqfl( zdk`lplkl elk drlhtl~o( ~dqul ~o~udi okbmqil~o ilklfdidk+ Zdk`dhmhl zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zqm`qli zlcdu A udqeoqo elqo zdkzdkeoeocl~-cdutl zdk`dhmhl cdhmizmc adhlflq( zdkeoeoc-utqmq zdklk``tk` flpla ilul zd~dqul eoeoclk( klql ~tiadq udcko~ tkutc zd~dqul eoeoclk adqmqodkul~o rmcl~omklh/ lult zdkeoeoc cdnlclzlk goetz( udkl`l leiko~uql~o leiko ~uql~o elk udkl`l zdqzt~ zdqzt~ulc ulcll llk+ k+ e+ Udizlu Adhlflq Zqm~d~ adhlflq idk`lflq elzlu eohlc~lklclk eo adqal`lo hmcl~o elk udizlu ylk` ~telg lel aloc iohoc zdidqokulg( il~ylqlclu iltztk zqoaleo( ~dzdquo `detk` ~dcmhlg( ileql~lg( ~lqlkl)~lqlkl ylk` eoiohoco zmkemc zd~lkuqdk( ^lk``lq Cdòlulk Adhlflq ^CA/( Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/( il~foe( zt~lu)zt~lu ilfdho~ ulchoi( alhlo ed~l( clkumq mq`lko~l~o)mq`lko~l~o cdil~ylqlclulk( qtilg zdketetc elk udizlu)udizlu hlokkyl ylk` hlylc eo`tklclk tkutc cdòlulk adhlflq idk`lflq+ d+ Leioko~uql~o Tkutc idktkflk` cdhlknlqlk zdk`dhmhllk cdhmizmc adhlflq eozdqhtclk ~lqlkl leioko~uql~o lkulql hlok6 / cdhdk`clzlk leioko~uql~o zdkydhdk``lqllk elk zdiadhlflqlk idhoztuo6 atct oketc zd~dqul eoeoc elk udkl`l zdkeoeoc( atct elbulq gleoq zd~dqul eoeoc elk udkl`l zdkeoeoc( atct cdtlk`lk-cl~ titi( atct elbulq okrdkulqo~( atct l`dkel zdiadhlflqlk( atct hlzmqlk athlklk udkl`l zdkeoeoc( atct l`dkel ~tqlu il~tc elk cdhtlq( atct elbulq kohlo zd~dqul eoeoc( elk atct ulkel udqoil oflvlg Elhli idkfliok zdkydhdk``lqllk zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk adqhlk`~tk` edk`lk aloc( ilcl eohlctclk zdiaokllk elk zdk`lpl~lk elqo tk~tq)tk~tq 6

Zl`d 5:

1/ Eokl~ Zdkeoeoclk Uok`clu Zqmrok~o elk Clatzludk-Cmul ylk` idiaoelkò

Zdkeoeoc~lk kmkbmqilh idiaokl zdhlc~lkllk zdkydhdk``lqllk( cdòlulk adhlflq( drlhtl~o elk cdòlulk hlok ylk` adqcloulk+ >/ Zdkohoc Eocil~-UHE Udkl`l Hlzlk`lk Eocil~/ eo Cdnlilulk( idilkult zdhlc~lkllk cdòlulk zdkeoeoclk elk zdiadhlflqlk zlel cdhmizmc( adhlflq ~dnlql qtuok+ b+ Drlhtl~o Adhlflq ô~udi zdkohlolk zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk eohlctclk idhlhto6 / zdkohlolk ~did~udq( elk 5/ tfolk kl~omklh mhdg Zt~lu Zdkohlolk Zdkeoeoclk( Alelk Zdkdhouolk elk Zdk`dialk`lk( Edzlqudidk Zdkeoeoclk Kl~omklh+ Kl~omklh+ Tfolk kl~omklh tkutc zqm`qli Zlcdu L( Zlcdu A elk Zlcdu N elk eoilc~teclk tkutc idkydulqlclk htht~lk zd~dqul eoeoc elqo zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh+ Glh oko ~d~tlo edk`lk Tkelk`)Tkelk` Km+ 1: ulgtk 1::> udkulk` ô~udi Zdkeoeoclk Kl~omklh elk Zdqlutqlk Zdidqokulg Km+ / Etetc eo cdhl~-uok`clu udqlcgoq Cdhl~ RO tkutc Zlcdu L( Cdhl~ OOO tkutc Zlcdu A elk Zlcdu N/+ 5/ Udhlg idkydhd~loclk ~dhtqtg iludqo zdiadhlflqlk elk idiohoco hlzmqlk gl~oh zdkohlolk-qlzmq+ 4/ Udhlg adqtitq ~dctqlk`)ctqlk`kyl <1 ulgtk tkutc Zlcdu L( <4 ulgtk tkutc Zlcdu A( elk <7 ulgtk Zlcdu N+ Ilul zd~dqul eoeoclk ylk` eotfoclk ~dal`lo adqoctu6 

Zl`d 5<

Okemkd~ol( Algl~l Ok``qo~( elk OZ L( >/ Zlcdu N OZ^( idhoztuo ilul zd~dqul eoeoclk ZZCk( Algl~l Ok``qo~( ^m~omhmò( Ululkd`lql( Algl~l elk ^l~uql Okemkd~ol elk Dcmkmio3 Zlcdu N OZL( idhoztuo ilul zd~dqul eoeoclk ZZCk( Algl~l Ok``qo~( Aomhmò( Coiol( Algl~l elk ^l~uql Okemkd~ol( Bo~ocl elk Iludiluocl3 Zlcdu N Algl~l( idhoztuo ilul zd~dqul eoeoclk ZZCk( Algl~l Ok``qo~( Algl~l Okemkd~ol( ^dflqlg Atelyl( ^l~uql Okemkd~ol elk Algl~l L~ok`+ D+ Glcoclu Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq 'ZCAI/ TKD^NM " AZ)ZH^Z Flylòqo 1::>6

Zl`d 51

zdkeoeoclk zlel flhtq ~dcmhlg bmqilh tkutc idkoial zdk`dulgtlk( cdudqlizohlk( ~oclz elk zdk`lhlilk ylk` eoatutgclk tkutc idk`dialk`clk eoqo elk adcdqfl ididktgo cdatutglk goetz idqdcl ~dglqo glqo+ Edk`lk eolctokyl ~dnlql dc~zho~ou ZCAI ~dal`lo ~lhlg ~lut ~lutlk zdkeoeoclk kmk bmqilh elhli Tkelk`)Tkelk` Kmimq 1: Ulgtk 1::> udkulk` ô~udi Zdkeoeoclk Kl~omklh( idkfleo ulk``tk`flpla ~ditl zoglc aloc zdidqokulg zt~lu( zdidqokulg zqmzok~o( zdidqokulg clatzludk-cmul elk il~ylqlclu htl~ tkutc idk`dialk`clk ZCAI elhli qlk`cl idk~tc~d~clk utftlk zdkeoeoclk kl~omklh+ Edk`lk ediocolk cdadqlellk cmk~dz ZCAI ylk` hdaog fdhl~ elk hdaog idilelo alò zdk`dialk`lk ZCAI hdaog hlkftu ~lk`lu eoatutgclk+ Ulkzl lelkyl cmk~dz ZCAI ylk` fdhl~ elk idilelo lclk ~thou eoalk`tk qdknlkl ~uqludò~ ylk` aloc elhli zdk`dialk`lk ZCAI ~dhlkftukyl aloc eo uok`clu ok~uout~o( eo uok`clu hmclh( qdòmklh( iltztk kl~omklh+ Glh oko udkutkyl lclk idk`lcoaluclk uoelc lelkyl ~okdqò( qdkelgkyl dbdcuoroul~ elk okdbo~odk~o elhli zdk`dialk`lk ZCAI hdaog hlkftu( Bmqti Cmitkocl~o ZCAI Okemkd~ol idkfdhl~clk algpl bohm~mbo ZCAI ~dnlql qok`cl~ lelhlg elqo( mhdg elk tkutc il~ylqlclu + Oko adqlquo algpl ZCAI lelhlg ~tlut ok~uout~o ylk` adqal~o~ il~ylqlclu 'Nmiitkouy al~de Ok~uoutuomk/+ Glh oko elzlu eotqloclk ~dnlql hdaog qokno ~dal`lo adqoctu 6 &Elqo il~lylqlclu adqlquo algpl zdkeoqolk ZCAI glqt~hlg ~dhlht idqtzlclk oko~oluob elqo il~ylqlclu out ~dkeoqo ylk` elulk` elqo ~tlut cd~lelqlk lclk zdkuok`kyl zdkok`clulk itut cdgoetzlkkyl idhlhto ~tlut zqm~d~)zqm~d~ uqlk~bmqil~omklh elk zdiadhlflqlk+ Oko~oluob oko elzlu ~lfl eogl~ohclk mhdg ~tlut zqm~d~ ~m~olho~l~o lclk zdkuok`kyl ZCAI elk glh)glh hlokkyl udkulk` ZCAI cdzlel adadqlzl lk``mul lult umcmg il~ylqlclu ~dudizlu mhdg zoglc zdidqokulg lultztk mhdg zoglc hlok eo htlq cmitkoul~ udq~datu+ Elhli glh zdkeoqolk ~tlut ZCAI zdqlk zdidqokulg lultztk zoglc hlok eo htlq cmitkoul~ udq~datu glkylhlg adqtzl zqm~d~ ~m~olho~l~o( imuorl~o( ~uoithl~o elk zdhluoglk tkutc idizdqcdklhclk ZCAI ~dnlql tutg elk idiatcl zdq~zdcuob ~dqul plpl~lk elk hlk`clg)hlk`clg ylk` elzlu eohlctclk elhli idiadkutc ZCAI ~dqul elhli zdk`dialk`lk ~dhlkftukyl+ Zqm~d~ ~m~olho~l~o oko gdkelckyl uoelc idk`liaoh lhog oko~oluob zdkeoqolk ylk` glqt~ itqko elulk` elqo cd~lelqlk( cdiltlk elk cmiouidk lk``mul il~ylqlclu out ~dkeoqo+ Glh oko ~lk`lu zdkuok` edio idkfl`l cdhlgoqlk ZCAI out ~dnlql ~dglu ylk` eo cditeolk glqo lclk ~lk`lu idkdkutclk cdndqel~lk ~m~olhelk cdadqhlkftulk ZCAI udq~datu+ &Mhdg il~ylqlclu adqlquo algpl zdkydhdk``lqllk elk zdk`dialk`lk ~dqul cdadqhlkftulk ZCAI ~dzdktgkyl idkfleo ulk``tk`flpla il~ylqlclu out ~dkeoqo+ Oko ft`l adqilckl lelkyl ~dilk`lu cdndqel~lk ~m~olhelk cd`mumk`qmymk`lk elhli zdkydhdk``lqllk ZCAI+ Edk`lk clul hlok( zdkydhdk``lqllk ZCAI uoelc glqt~ idktk``t cdhdk`clzlk lultztk cdnlk`òglk ~lqlkl elk zql~lqlkl ylk` eoiohoco mhdg ~tlut il~ylqlclu elk uoelc glqt~ idktk``t lel lult uoelckyl ofok hd`lh elqo zdidqokulg ~dudizlu+ ZCAI elzlu ~lfl adqhlk`~tk` elhli cd~dedqglkllk lzlztk ylk` eoiohoco mhdg ~tlut il~ylqlclu+ Zdkydhdk``lqllk ZCAI glqt~ eoel~lqclk elk idizdqgluoclk zmudk~o ylk` eoiohoco mhdg ~tlut il~ylqlclu+ Zdkydhdk``lqllk mhdg il~ylqlclu udkutkyl uoelc adqlquo idktutz


Zl`d 5>

cditk`coklk zlquo~ozl~o elk cmkuqoat~o adqal`lo zoglc hlok eo htlq il~ylqlclu udq~datu+ Zdidqokulg( zdqmqlk`lk( hdial`l)hdial`l t~lgl( hdial`l)hdial`l ~m~olh( cdl`lillk elk ~dal`lokyl algclk zdqmqlk`lk ylk` adql~lh elqo htlq il~ylqlclu out ztk elzlu ~lfl utqtu adqzlquo~ozl~o elk adqcmkuqoat~o+ Klitk ~ditl adkutc etctk`lk out gdkelckyl glqt~ udulz eo~dqulo ~dilk`lu cdndqel~lk ~m~olhelk cmiouidk il~ylqlclu out ~dkeoqo tkutc idialk`tk elk idk`dialk`clk ZCAI udq~datu+ &Tkutc Il~ylqlclu adqlquo algpl cdadqlellk ZCAI glqt~hlg ~dzdktgkyl edio cdilftlk cdgoetzlk il~ylqlclu eoilkl ZCAI udq~datu adqlel+ Out adqlquo ft`l algpl zdiohoglk zqm`qli)zqm`qli ylk` eo~dhdk``lqlclk eo ZCAI glqt~ adklq) adklq ~d~tlo edk`lk cdatutglk il~ylqlclu ~dudizlu+ Glh oko udkutkyl ft`l uoelc adqlquo idktutz cditk`coklk lk``mul il~ylqlclu eo htlq il~ylqlclu udq~datu tkutc elzlu utqtu ~dqul idkòctuo adqal`lo zqm`qli elk cdòlulk ylk` eo~dhdk``lqlclk mhdg ZCAI+ Cditk`coklk udq~datu elzlu ~lfl eoptfteclk ~dzlkflk` uoelc idk`glialu zdiadqolk ilkbllu alò il~ylqlclu ~dcoulqkyl+ Zqomqoul~ elk bmct~ zdiadqelyllk udkutkyl glqt~hlg udulz udqutft cdzlel il~ylqlclu ~l~lqlk ZCAI out ~dkeoqo+ Il~ylqlclu adquokelc ~dclho`t~ ~dal`lo ~taydc elk maydc elhli adqal`lo cdòlulk ylk` eo~dhdk``lqlclk mhdg ZCAI+ ^dnlql Lcqmkoi eofdhl~clk zthl algpl ZCAI adqlquo Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu+ Zdilckllk klil okoztk elzlu idkfdhl~clk bohm~mbo ZCAI+ Glh oko elzlu eofdhl~clk ~dnlql hdaog qokno ~dal`lo adqoctu 6 l+ Zt~lu( adqlquo algpl zdkydhdk``lqllk ZCAI glqt~hlg udqcdhmhl elk udqhdial`lclk edk`lk aloc+ Glh oko ~lk`lu zdkuok` tkutc dbdcuoroul~ zdknlzlolk utftlk( itut zdkydhdk``lqllk zqm`qli)zqm`qli( dbo~odk~o zdilkbllulk ~tiadq) ~tiadq( ~okdqòul~ lkulq adqal`lo zqm`qli elk cdadqhlkftulk cdadqlellk ZCAI out ~dkeoqo+ Glh oko ft`l adqcloulk edk`lk cditelglk tkutc eocdklho elk eolc~d~ mhdg ~dhtqtg lk``mul il~ylqlclu tkutc adqcmitkocl~o( adqcmmqeokl~o elk adcdqfl~lil edk`lk adqal`lo zoglc aloc ylk` adqlel eo pohlylg cdadqlellk ZCAI udq~datu iltztk edk`lk adqal`lo zoglc eo htlq pohlylg udq~datu io~lhkyl zdidqokulg( hdial`l)hdial`l kl~omklh iltztk okudqkl~omklh( elk ~dal`lokyl+ Lelkyl zdhdial`llk adqal`lo cdòlulk zdiadhlflqlk oko ft`l idqtzlclk ~lhlg ~lut cdhdaoglk elqo cdadqlellk ZCAI elhli ~tlut cdhmizmc il~ylqlclu udqudkut+ Zlel titikyl( elhli ~duolz cdhmizmc il~ylqlclu glizoq ~dhlht lel adqal`lo tzlyl zdiadhlflqlk ylk` adq~oblu kmk bmqilh+ Klitk ~dqok`clho adqal`lo cdòlulk elk zqm`qli udq~datu uoelc udqcdhmhl elk udqhdial`lclk edk`lk aloc elk uoelc udqzlet ~dgok``l cdadqhlkftulk elk itut cdòlulkkyl ~thou eozdqulglkclk elk eouok`cluclk+ a+ Cdòlulk( adqlquo algpl eo ZCAI eo~dhdk``lqlclk adqal`lo cdòlulk)cdòlulk ylk` adqilkbllu alò cdgoetzlk il~ylqlclu ~dudizlu+ Oko ft`l adqlquo algpl ZCAI ~dhlht eoklio~( cqdluob elk zqmetcuob idhlctclk adqal`lo cdòlulk) cdòlulk ylk` zm~ouob alò il~ylqlclu ~dudizlu+ Cdòlulk)cdòlulk okohlg ylk` idqtzlclk okuo elqo cdadqlellk ZCAI+ Cdòlulk)cdòlulk oko udkutkyl ft`l ~lk`lu udq`lkutk` zlel cmkudc~ cdatutglk elk ~outl~o cmkeo~o il~ylqlclu ~dudizlu+ n+ Adhlflq( adqlquo algpl adqal`lo cdòlulk ylk` eo~dhdk``lqlclk eo ZCAI glqt~hlg idqtzlclk cdòlulk ylk` ilizt idiadqoclk udqnozulkyl ~tlut zqm~d~


Zl`d 55

uqlk~bmqil~o elk zdkok`clulk clzl~oul~ ~dqul zdqohlct lk``mul cmitkoul~ udq~datu cd lqlg ylk` hdaog zm~ouob+ Adhlflq elzlu eohlctclk mhdg ~duolz mqlk` ~dzlkflk` glylukyl eo ~duolz cd~dizlulk+ Adhlflq uoelc glkyl imkmzmho clti itel( udulzo ft`l ithlo elqo alyo ~lizlo zlel mqlk`)mqlk` utl+ Adhlflq ft`l elzlu eohlctclk elhli adqal`lo eoidk~o cdgoetzlk+ Adhlflq elzlu eohlctclk elhli cdgoetzlk adqcd~dkolk( adql`lil( adqmhlgql`l( lelu o~uolelu elk atelyl( dcmkmio( ~m~olh( zmhouoc elk ~dal`lokyl+ Eoidk~o adhlflq ~dhtl~ eoidk~o cdgoetzlk out ~dkeoqo+ Edk`lk ediocolk ZCAI idqtzlclk ~tlut ok~uout~o udqedzlk ylk` hlk`~tk` adqlel eo udk`lg)udk`lg il~ylqlclu ylk` idk`dhmhl elk idkòizhdidkul~oclk cmk~dz adhlflq ~dzlkflk` glylu lult Hobd Hmk` Hdlqkok` elk Hobd Hmk` Detnluomk ~dqul zdkeoeoclk tkutc ~ditl lult Detnluomk Bmq Lhh+ Zdk``tkllk clul ‗adhlflq‟ elhli ZCAI elk atclk clul ‗zdkeoeoclk‟ ft`l idiohoco ilckl udq~dkeoqo+ Adhlflq hdaog idkdclkclk zlel oko~oluob elk cdiltlk ylk` ctlu ~dqul cdedpl~llk ~d~dmqlk` tkutc edk`lk ~lelq idk`gdkelco tkutc idk`talg eoqokyl cd lqlg ylk` hdaog aloc+ Adhlflq hdaog idkdclkclk tzlyl) tzlyl zd~dqul eoeoc out ~dkeoqo ~delk`clk zdqlk ~tiadq adhlflq lult zdk`lflq hdaog ~dal`lo bl~ohoulumq ~dgok``l hdaog adq~oblu amuumi tz elk hdaog adqcd~lk kmk bmqilh+ ^delk`clk zdkeoeoclk ~dalhockyl hdaog adq~oblu umz)empk( umz)empk( elk hdaog adqcd~lk bmqilh( oko~oluob hdaog alkylc elulk` elqo ~tiadq adhlflq lult zdk`lflq+ e+ Il~ylqlclu( adqlquo algpl ZCAI lelhlg tzlyl adq~lil ~tlut il~ylqlclu tkutc idilftclk eoqokyl ~dkeoqo ~dnlql adq~lil)~lil ~d~tlo edk`lk tctqlk)tctqlk oedlho~l~o il~ylqlclu out ~dkeoqo lclk ilckl cdgoetzlk+ Edk`lk ediocolk noqo) noqo ~tlut il~ylqlclu lclk ~lk`lu cdkulh idplqklo ~tlut ZCAI aloc idplqklo utftlk)utftlkkyl( zohoglk elk eo~lok zqm`qli elk cdòlulk ylk` eo~dhdk``lqlclk( ~dqul atelyl ylk` eocdialk`clk elk eofoplo elhli cdzdioizoklk elk zdk`dhmhllk cdhdial`llkkyl+ Glh oko ft`l adqlquo algpl elhli ~tlut il~ylqlclu ylk` gdudqm`dk ZCAI lclk hdaog idkndqiokclk ithuocthutqlho~id ~delk`clk elhli il~ylqlclu ylk` qdhluob hdaog gmim`dk ilcl ZCAI ft`l lclk hdaog idkndqiokclk atelyl cgl~ il~ylqlclu udq~datu+ ZCAI atclkhlg ~tlut ok~uout~o ylk` eocdhmhl ~dnlql zdq~mklh( okeoroetlh elk dhouo~+ Edk`lk zdilglilk oko udkutkyl lclk hdaog aloc lzlaohl ZCAI uoelc idqtzlclk ok~uout~o ylk` eoiohoco mhdg zdqmqlk`lk lult cdhmizmc dhouo~ udqudkut elhli ~tlut il~ylqlclu+ Udulzo cdadqlellk zdkydhdk``lql iltztk zdk`dhmhl ZCAI udkutkyl idkndqiokclk zdqlk ~dqul ~dhtqtg lk``mul il~ylqlclu udq~datu+ Elhli ~outl~o uqlk~o~o lultztk ~outl~o cgt~t~ udqudkut zdqlk zdqmqlk`lk lult umcmg)umcmg udqudkut lult ~dcdhmizmc lk``mul il~ylqlclu udqudkut elzlu ~lfl ~lk`lu emioklk elhli zdkydhdk``lqllk elk zdk`dhmhllk ZCAI edio dbo~odk~o elk dbdcuoroul~ zdkydhdk``lqllk( zqlcudckyl uoelchlg idkfleo clct( elzlu ~lfl hdaog bhdc~oadh+ Clul ‗il~ylqlclu‟ ft`l tkutc idiadelclk ~dnlql eocmumio~ edk`lk zdidqokulg+ Lquokyl ~dym`ylkyl ZCAI out iohoc il~ylqlclu atclk iohoc zdidqokulg+ Cmkuqoat~o zdidqokulg lelhlg elhli idketctk` elk idibl~ohoul~o cdadqhlk`~tk`lk elk zdk`dialk`lk ZCAI elzlu ~lfl fltg hdaog ad~lq zmq~okyl eoalkeok`clk cmkuqoat~o il~ylqlclu elhli kohlo ctlkuoul~ udulzo ~ditlkyl out glqt~hlg eozm~o~oclk elhli cdqlk`cl etctk`lk atclk idk`liaoh)lhog ulk``tk`flpla il~ylqlclu+ Glh oko atclkhlg idk`lqlg zlel ~dadqlzl ad~lq zqmzmq~o ctlkuoul~( udulzo hdaog cdzlel ~dilk`lu( ctlhoul~ elk cmiouidk+ Udkut


Zl`d 54

~lfl glh oko glqt~ eoel~lqclk zlel cmkudc~ elk zmudk~o il~ok` il~ok` il~ylqlclu+ Oko ft`l uoelc adqlquo algpl it~ulgoh lelkyl zd`lplo kd`dqo ~ozoh adcdqfl elhli ~tlut ZCAI aloc ~dal`lo udkl`l zdkeoeoc iltztk udkl`l cdzdkeoeoclk( lultztk oko uoelc adqlquo it~ulgoh lelkyl lhmcl~o lk``lqlk zdidqokulg tkutc idialk`tk elk idkok`cluclk ~lqlkl elk zql~lqlkl ZCAI ~dqul elkl mzdql~omklh ZCAI+ Algclk ~dalhockyl( ulk``tk`flpla zdidqokulg elhli zdialk`tklk elk zdiaokllk ZCAI glqt~hlg udqndqiok elhli lhmcl~o) lhmcl~o lk``lqlk zdidqokulg ylk` ~o`koboclk elhli idizdqctlu zdkydhdk``lqllk elk itut zm`qli ZCAI klitk cd~dhtqtglkkyl out glqt~hlg eocdialk`clk ~dhlql~ edk`lk etctk`lk alò zdk`tlulk zdqlk elk ulk``tk`flpla il~ylqlclu elhli idkydhdk``lqlclk elk idk`dhmhl ZCAI+ Clul ‗il~ylqlclu‟ elhli ZCAI hdaog eoilc~teclk zlel zdk`dquolk il~ylqlclu elhli lquo hdaog ~dizou elk udqalul~+ Elhli algl~l Ok``qo~( zlelklk clulkyl lelhlg nmiitkouy( nmiitkouy( lult eoudqfdilgclk idkfleo ‗cmitkoul~‟+ Zdilglilk oko idiadqo oizhocl~o algpl ZCAI glqt~hlg idqtzlclk ok~uout~o ylk` eoalk`tk elk eocdialk`clk elhli ~tlut il~ylqlclu ylk` adq~oblu udqalul~ elk adq~oblu ~dudizlu( adq~oblu hmclh+ Alul~lk oko elzlu eoclud`mqoclk elhli alul~lk `dm`qlbo~ iltztk alul~lk clqlcudqo~uoc+ Alul~lk `dm`qlbo~ elzlu adqlquo elhli ~tlut pohlylg udqudkut ~dzdquo ~tlut Cliztk` lult Et~tk udqudkut( ~tlut Ed~l lult Cdhtqlglk udqudkut lultztk ~tlut Cdnlilulk udqudkut+ Alul~lk Clqlcudqo~uoc elzlu ~lfl idk`lnt zlel ~tlut cdhmizmc il~ylqlclu ylk` idk`lhlio ~tlut zdq~lillk zdqil~lhlglk udqudkut io~lhkyl ~tlut cdhmizmc il~ylqlclu ylk` clqdkl zdqil~lhlglk ~m~olh udqudkut ~lil)~lil adqlel elhli ~tlut Hdial`l Zdil~ylqlclulk udqudkut elk ~dal`lokyl+ Edk`lk zdilglilk oko udkut ~thouhlg eozlglio lelkyl ~tlut ZCAI ylk` idk`chloi ZCAI ~clhl ylk` ylk` udqhlht htl~ pohlylg nlctzlkkyl io~lhkyl ~clhl zqmzok~o lult ~clhl kl~omklh+ ZCAI ~dal`lo ~datlg hdial`l ylk` eoadkutc elqo( mhdg elk tkutc il~ylqlclu idiohoco btk`~o ~dal`lo adqoctu6 / ~tiadq okbmqil~o ylk` glkelh alò plq`l il~ylqlclu ylk` idiatutgclk cdudqlizohlk btk`~omklh( 5/ lflk` utclq idktclq adqal`lo zdk`dulgtlk elk cdudqlizohlk btk`~omklh eo lkulql plq`l il~ylqlclu( 4/ udizlu ctizthkyl plq`l il~ylqlclu ylk` okòk idkok`cluclk zdk`dulgtlk elk cdudqlizohlkkyl+ Alhoualk` Edzeockl~ 1:::61:/+ TKD^NM " AZ)ZH^Z Flylòqo 1::<6>)5/ idk`ditclclk btk`~o elqo ZCAI eoalò cdelhli etl alòlk( ylk` idhoztuo btk`~o tulil elk btk`~o zdketctk`+ Btk`~o tulil elqo ZCAI lelhlg ~dal`lo plelg adqal`lo cdòlulk lflq il~ylqlclu tkutc idkok`cluclk zdk`dulgtlk( cdudqlizohlk elk ~oclz ylk` eozdqhtclk tkutc idk`dialk`clk eoqo elk il~ylqlclu+ ^delk`clk btk`~o zdketctk` elqo ZCAI oko eoalò hlò idkfleo dizlu alòlk ylk` idhoztuo 6 / ~dal`lo udizlu cmmqeokl~o( cmk~thul~o( cmitkocl~o elk adqit~ylplqlg zlql zdiaokl udcko~( umcmg il~ylqlclu elk zlql zditcl l`lil tkutc idqdknlklclk


Zl`d 52

zdialk`tklk elk zdiadqelyllk il~ylqlclu ed~l3 5/ ~dal`lo udizlu cdòlulk zdkydalqhtl~lk zqm`qli elk udckmhmò udzlu `tkl+ T+ ôgmiaok` / ~dal`lo zt~lu elk ~tiadq okbmqil~o( lquokyl udizlu il~ylqlclu idklkylclk adqal`lo okbmqil~o udkulk` adqal`lo fdko~ cdòlulk zdiadhlflqlk elk cdudqlizohlk btk`~omklh ylk` eoatutgclk il~ylqlclu( aloc cdòlulk ylk` eo~dhdk``lqlclk eo ZCAI lultztk eoudizlu hlok( clqdkl uoelc ~duolz cdòlulk zdiadhlflqlk glqt~ eo~dhdk``lqlclk eo ZCAI ulzo elzlu ft`l eo udizlu hlok ylk` hdaog qdzqd~dkuluob elk udqflk`clt mhdg il~yqlclu( il~yqlclu( 5/ ~dal`lo ~dal`lo lflk` utclq utclq idktclq idktclq cdudqlizohlk cdudqlizohlk elk zdk`lhli zdk`l hlilk( lk( lquokyl lqu okyl udizlu zdqutclqlk adqal`lo fdko~ cdudqlizohlk elk zdk`lhlilk ylk` eoiohoco il~ylqlclu edk`lk zqok~oz ~lhok` idiadhlflqclk( 4/ ~dal`lo ~dkuql zdquditlk lkulql zdk`dhmhl elk ~tiadq adhlflq( lquokyl udizlu eolelclkkyl adqal`lo zdquditlk aloc ~dnlql okudqk ZCAI iltztk eo htlq ZCAI( udulzo adqcdkllk edk`lk adqal`lo zdqil~lhlglk elk cdkelhl ylk` eoglelzo elhli zdk`dhmhllk zdiadhlflqlk eo ZCAI( 2/ ~dal`lo hmclh adhlflq ylk` uoelc zdqklg cdqok`( lquokyl udizlu ylk` ~dnlql udqt~ idkdqt~ eo`tklclk tkutc cdòlulk adhlflq alò il~ylqlclu( ZCAI ylk` adqal~o~ il~ylqlclu elzlu eo~dkutg mhdg ~duolz hlzo~lk il~ylqlclu edk`lk adqal`lo lcuoroul~kyl+ Adqel~lqclk tqlolk)tqlolk udq~datu eo lul~( elzluhlg eo~oizthclk algpl Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylclu ylk` eoilc~te elhli zdkdhouolk oko lelhlg ~dal`lo ~tlut ok~uout~o iohoc il~ylqlclu idqtzlclk ideol alò zdkylhtqlk okbmqil~o aloc ~dnlql rdquoclh elqo il~ylqlclu cd zdidqokulg( iltztk ~dalhockyl elqo zdidqokulg cdzlel il~ylqlclu( ft`l okbmqil~o ylk` adq~oblu gmqovmkulh lkulqplq`l il~ylqlclu elk iouql ~dflflq hlokkyl adq~oblu udqatcl ylk` idk`dhml elk idkydhdk``lqlclk zqm`qli)zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh udqil~tc eo elhlikyl zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk Zldu A elhli glh oko Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ eo Cmul @mqmkulhm+


Zl`d 50

ALA OOO IDUMEL ZDKDHOUOLK L+ Idumed Zdkdhouolk Idumed ylk` eo`tklclk elhli zdkdhouolk oko lelhlg idumed edc~qozuob edk`lk zdkedclulk ctlhouluob+ Idumed oko eozohog tkutc idked~cqoz~oclk lult idk``lialqclk gl~oh uditlk zdkdhouolk elhli adkutc clhoilu)clhoilu adqtzl cdudqlk`lk lult zdqkylullk)zdqkylullk elqo qd~zmkedk ~d~tlo edk`lk cdkylullk ylk` lel+ Zdkdhouolk ed~cqozuob idqtzlclk idumed zdkdhouolk ylk` adqt~lgl idk``lialqclk elk idkòkudqzqdul~o mafdc ~d~tlo edk`lk lzl lelkyl Ithylkl( 1::<6 <

Zl`d 57

edk`lk gtatk`lk rlqoladh lult l~m~ol~o( elk ft`l idknlqo gtatk`lk cmizlql~o lkulqrlqoladh+ Elhli zdkdhouolk oko eo`tklclk fdko~ zdkdhouolk ed~cqozuob elhli adkutc ~uteo zdk`dialk`lk elk ~uteo hlkftulk+ ûteo zdqcdialk`lk lult edrhmzidkulh ~utey alkylc eohlctclk mhdg zdkdhouo eo aoelk` zdkeoeoclk lult aoelk` z~ocmhmò ylk` adqcloulk edk`lk uok`clg hlct( ~l~lqlk zdkdhouolk zdqcdialk`lk zlel titikyl idkylk`ctu rlqoladh uok`clg hlct ~dnlql okeoroetlh iltztk elhli cdhmizmc+ Elhli zdkdhouolk zdqcdialk`lk udq~datu zdkdhouo udqulqoc edk`lk rlqoladh ylk` tulilclk idiadelclk lkulql uok`clu titq( zdqutiatglk lult cdedpl~llk ~tafdc ylk` eoudhouo+ ûteo zdqcdialk`lk elhli zdkdhouolk oko eohlctclk tkutc idk`tctq Zdiadhlflqlk Cmmzdqluob Alò Zdkok`clulk Cdndqel~lk ^m~olh Plq`l Adhlflq Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm+ ûteo cdhlkftulk eohlctclk mhdg zdkdhouo tkutc idkdkutclk ~ulut~ qd~zmkedk ~dudhlg adadqlzl zdqomed udqudkut idizdqmhdg zdqhlctlk+ Elhli zdkdhouolk oko ~uteo cdhlkftulk eohlc~lklclk tkutc idk`tctq zdqtalglk zdqohlct ~oclz ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zqm`qli Zlcdu A ~dudhlg idkòctuo zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob+ A+ Zqm~detq Zdkdhouolk Zqm~detq zdkdhouolk edk`lk idk``tklclk idumed ed~cqozuob edk`lk zdkedclulk ctlhouluob idiztkylo hlk`clg ~dzdquo adqoctu+ <+ Idkòedkuobocl~o lelkyl zdqil~lhlglk ylk` ~o`koboclk tkutc eozdnlgclk idhlhto idumed ed~cqozuob+ 1+ Idialul~o elk idqtit~clk zdqil~lhlglk ~dnlql fdhl~+ >+ Idkdkutclk utftlk elk ilkbllu zdkdhouolk+ 5+ Idhlctclk ~uteo zt~ulcl ylk` adqcloulk edk`lk zdqil~lhlglk+ 4+ Idkdkutclk cdqlk`cl adqzocoq( elk zdqulkyllk zdkdhouolk elk lult gozmud~o~ zdkdhouolk+ 2+ Idked~lok idumed zdkdhouolk ylk` gdkelc eo`tklclk udqil~tc elhli glh oko idkdkutclk zmzthl~o( ~lizdh( udckoc ~lizhok`( idkdkutclk ok~uqtidk( idk`tizthclk elul( elk idk`lklho~o~ elul+ 0+ Idk`tizthclk( idk`mq`lko~l~oclk( elk idk`lklho~o~ elul edk`lk idk``tklclk udckoc ~uluo~uocl ylk` qdhdrlk+ 7+ Idiatlu hlzmqlk zdkdhouolk N+ Hmcl~o elk ^tafdc Zdkdhouolk Hmcl~o ylk` eofleoclk udizlu zdkdhouolk lelhlg Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ Cmul @mqmkulhm ylout ZCAI ZCAI Ulilk Zdkeoeoclk Cdhtqlglk Ulzl Cdnlilulk Cmul Tulql elk Lh)vocql Cdhtqlglk Zledatmhm Cdnlilulk Cmul Uoitq+ Udizlu oko eofleoclk hmcl~o zdkdhouolk lul~ el~lq zdquoialk`lk6

<+ Cdetl ZCAI oko ~telg idhlc~lkklclk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob 1+ Cdetl ZCAI oko ~telg idhlc~lklclk zqm`qli zdiadhlflqlk ~dnlql cmkuokt elk ~dnlql ~o~udioc adqflhlk edk`lk aloc >+ Lelkyl cd~deollk zdkydhdk``lql( utumq elk plq`l adhlflq tkutc eofleoclk hmcl~o zdkdhouolk zdkdhouolk


Zl`d 5?

Edk`lk idizdquoialk`clk algpl bmct~ zdkdhouolk oko lelhlg zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu A( ilcl ~tiadq tulil ~dal`lo ~tafdc elhli zdkdhouolk oko lelhlg cdutl)cdutl ZCAI( utumq elk plq`l adhlflq+ E+ Udckoc Zdk`tizthlk Zdk`tizthlk Elul( Elul( Ok~uqtidk Zdkdhouolk Zdkdhouolk elk elk Zdk`dialk`lkkyl Zdk`dialk`lkkyl Elul ylk` eozdqhtclk elhli zdkdhouolk oko lelhlg3 / elul tkutc idk`tfo dbdcuoroul~ imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zlel zqm`qli zlcdu A alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm Elul zdkdhouolk eoctizthclk idhlhto plplknlql( ma~dqrl~o( ctd~omkdq( ~uteo emctidkul~o( elk eo~ct~o cdhmizmc bmct~+ Plplknlql elk ma~dqrl~o eo`tklclk tkutc idk`liluo cmkeo~o mafdcuob z diadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zlel zqm`qli zlcdu zlcdu A eo ZCAI ZCAI eo Cmul @mqmkulhm+ ûteo emctidkul~o elk eo~ct~o cdhmizmc bmct~ eo`tklclk tkutc idk`tk`clz elul ylk` eozdqhtclk elhli zdk`dialk`lk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zlel zqm`qli zlcdu A ylk` ~dnlql gozmud~o~ elzlu idkok`cluclk Cdndqe Cdn dqel~l l~lk k ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq eo ZCAI eo Cmul @mqmkulhm ^delk`clk ctd~omkdq eo`tklclk tkutc idk`tctq cdndqel~lk ~m~olh elhli qlk`cl idk`tfo dbdcuoroul~ imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Lh)vocql Cdhtqlglk Zledatmhm Cdnlilulk Cmul Uoitq elk ZCAI Ulilk Zdkeoeoclk Cdhtqlglk Ulzl Cdnlilulk Cmul Tulql Ctd~omkdq ylk` eocdialk`clk elhli zdkdhouolk oko adqtzl elbulq zdqkylullk ylk` idk`tk`clz cdnmnmclk qd~zmkedk edk`lk o~o ylk` udqclketk` elhli ~duolz zdqkylullk+ Ok~uqtidk

elhli zdkdhouolk oko eocdialk`clk ~d~tlo edk`lk utftlkkyl ylout tkutc idkflqok` elul( aloc elul udkulk` cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq( iltztk elul zdketctk` tkutc idirlhoel~o imedh ylk` eocdialk`clk( elk elul zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob elhli cloulkkyl edk`lk zdk`dialk`lk imedh+ Zdk`dialk`lk ok~uqtidk zdkdhouolk ylk` eo`tklclk( eoutftclk tkutc idk`dbdcuobclk zqm~d~ zdkdhouolk+ Lel dizlu fdko~ lhlu zdk`tizth elul ylk` eo`tklclk zdkdhouo elhli zdkdhouolk oko( ylcko6 <+ Ud~( eocdialk`clk elk eo`tklclk tkutc idkflqok` elul ylk` adq~oblu zdk`dulgtlk elhli zdk`tl~llk cdiliztlk ~d~dmqlk` elhli idilglio( idkedk`lqclk elk zdcl udqglelz ilc~te elk zdiocoqlk mqlk` hlok( ~dqul idql~lclk elk idk`liluo qdlc~o)qdlc~o elk zdqtalglk mqlk` hlok( ylk` eo utkftcclk aloc ~dnlql rdqalh iltztk kmk rdqalh elk ilizt idknlqo zdidnlglk il~lhlg ylk` dbdcuob elhli ~tlut okudqlc~o ~m~olh elk idiohoco zdk`tl~llk cduqlizohlk cmitkocl~o+ Lelztk okeoclumq elqo cdndqel~lk ~m~olh lelhlg3 zdqnlyl eoqo( ~oclz zm~ouob( cd~lelqlk ~outl~omklh( cdiliztlk idialpl eoqo( cduqlizohlk adqcmitkocl~o elk idiohoco ~oclz dizluo+ Ud~

eohlctclk udqglelz plq`l adhlflq ~taydc zdkdhouolk ~dadhti uqdluidku oizhdidkul~o imedh  zqdud~u/( zqdud~u/( elk ~d~telg uqdluidku oizhdidkul~o imedh  zm~uud~u/+ zm~uud~u/+ Flplalk lul~ atuoq ud~ idqtzlclk ~cmq( ylk` ~dhlkftukyl eolklho~o~ elk eoed~cqoz~oclk ~dnlql ctlkuouluob+ 1+ Ma~dqrl~o eocdialk`clk edk`lk idk``tklclk ~clhl mqeoklh( eo`tklclk tkutc idkflqok` elul ylk` eoctlkuobocl~o adqtzl ~cmq/ zdk`tl~llk zdk`dulgtlk elk cdudqlizohlk adqel~lqclk zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk lcutlh


Zl`d 4:

plq`l

adhlflq(

ylk`

idhoztuo

hlk`clg)hlk`clg

~dal`lo

adqoctu6

/ Idk`mq`lko~l~oclk plq`l adhlflq cd elhli cdhmizmc)cdhmizmc adhlflq 5/( Idiaoiaok` cdhmizmc adcdqfl elk adhlflq( 4/ Drlhtl~o( elk 2/ Idiadqoclk zdk`glq`llk+ Ma~dqrl~o eohlc~lklclk ~dadhti elk ~d~telg uqdluidku

oizhdidkul~o imedh ylk` eocdialk`clk+ Mad~dqrl~o eohlctclk cdzlel plq`l adhlflq elhli zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk tkutc idk`dulgto zdqcdialk`lk cdiliztlk+ Elul gl~oh ma~dqrl~o ~duolz l~zdc eolklho~o~ elk eoed~coz~oclk ~dnlql ctlkuoulob+ >+ Zdemilk plplknlql( eocdialk`clk tkutc idk`tizthclk okbmkkl~o elhli ~uteo zdkelgthtlk udqclou edk`lk zdkydhdk``lqllk zqm`qli zlcdu N( elk zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk cdudqlizohlk idkflgou edk`lk ~l~lqlk tulilkyl lelhlg zoglc ^CA cdzlhl ^CA elk utumq/( elk ^taeok Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk Eokl~ Zdkeoeoclk Cmul @mqmkulhm+ Zdemilk plplknlql tkutc idk``lho okbmqil~o udq~datu( lelhlg zdemilk plplknlql udqatcl eo~t~tk tkutc idiadqoclk cdhdhtl~llk cdzlel ~tiadq okbmqil~o elul/ elhli idiadqoclk flplalk ylk` hdaog udqatcl( ~d~tlo edk`lk zdkelzlu il~ok`)il~ok`+ Flplalk ylk` eozdqmhdg elqo ~duolz atuoq zdqulkyllk eoed~cqoz~oclk ~dnlql ctlhouluob+ ^delk`clk plplknlql tkutc idk`tizthclk okbmil~o zdhdk`clz elk idkfleo blcumq)blcumq zdketctk` lultztk cdkelhl elhli zqm~d~ tfonmal elk oizhdidkul~o imedh ylk` eocdialk`clk( zdkdhouo ~dkeoqo adquokelc ~dal`lo ok~uqtidkkyl flplalk ylk` eozdqmhdg eoed~coz~oclk ~dnlql ctlhouluob+ 5+ Emctidkul~o ylout emctidk)emctidk ylk` lel eo Eokl~ Zdkeoeoclk Cmul @mqmkulhm( elk ZCAI Ulilk Zdkeoeoclk elk ZCAI Lh)Vocql Cmul @mqmkulhm ylk` adqcloulk edk`lk bmct~ zdkdhouolk ~dal`lo zdhdk`clz cdhtl~lk lklho~o~ elul+ Udckoc ~uteo emctidkul~o eo`tklclk tkutc idk`goiztk elul udqutho~ ylk` adqgtatk`lk edk`lk il~lhlg)il~lhlg cmizdudk~o utumq( cmizdudk~o plq`l adhlflq( ~lqlkl elk zql~lqlkl zdiadhlflqlk( ~dqul ~duolz ulglzlk zdqdknlkllk( zdhlc~lkllk( elk drlhtl~o zdkeoeoclk cdudqlizohlk idkflgou ylk` udhlg eohlc~lklclk+ Elul ylk` eozdqmhdg elqo ~uteo emctidkul~o eofleoclk lhlu tkutc idk`dndc cd~d~tlolk elul ylk` eozdqmhdg elqo cdòlulk ma~dqrl~o elk plplknlql D+ Hlk`clg)Hlk`clg Zdkdhouolk Zdkdhouolk oko eobmct~clk zlel zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu A ~dal`lo ~ta ~o~udi zdiadhlflqlkzlel ~lutlk Zdkeoeoclk Kmkbmqilh+ Zdkdhouolk idqtzlclk cdòlulk zdkdhllglk udqglelz ~tlut il~lhlg ~dnlql udqlknlk` edk`lk idk``tklclk idumed elk hlk`clg)hlk`clg ~o~udiluo~( Idumed out ~dkeoqo idqtzlclk ~tlut zqm~detq lult nlql idk`dulgto ~d~tlut edk`lk hlk`clg)hlk`clg ylk` ~o~udiluo~ ^tòymkm( 1::06

Zl`d 4<

cmk~dz( >/ idhlctclk tfonmal udqalul~( 5/ oizhdidkul~o imedh tfonmal hlzlk`lk/( 4/ zdkyt~tklk imedh ylk` eoqdcmidkel~oclk+ ^duolz ulglz elqo cdòlulk zdkdhouolk oko ~dhlkftukyl eotqloclk ~dal`lo adqoctu+ <+ ûteo Zdkelgthtlk Cdòlulk ylk` eoudiztg zlel ~uteo zdkelgthtlk idhlhto hlk`clg)hlk`clg6 l+ Idhlctclk clfolk udmqouoc ylk` idhoztuo cdòlulk ylk` eohlctclk eohlctclk lkulql hlok6 / Lklho~o~ ytqoeo~ elk cdaoflclk oizhdidkul~o zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu A ylk` ~dhlil oko eohlc~lklclk eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm+ 5/ Idkdulzclk cmk~dz elk udmqo zmcmc( ~dal`lo hlkel~lk zdk`dialk`lk imedh( idhoztuo6 zdk`dquolk( Zdiadhlflqlk Cmmzdqluob( Cdndqel~lk ^m~olh( Lkeql`mòc( Zqm`qli Zlcdu A elk Cmk~dz ZCAI+ a+ Idhlctclk ~tqrdy udqclou zdkydhdk``lqllk zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm( cdòlulk ylk` eohlc~lklclk lelhlg6 / Idhlctclk clfolk lplh zqm`qli zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm Idked~cqoz~oclk uditlk zdkdhouolk zdkelgthtlk udkulk` cmizmkdk cdòlulk ylk` eohlc~lklclk+ 1+ Zdk`dialk`lk Imedh Cmk~dzutlh Cdòlulk ylk` eoudiztg zlel ulglz zdk`dialk`lk imedh cmk~dz oko( idhoztuo6 l+ Zdkyt~tklk eqlb imedh( cdòlulk ylk` eohlctclk zlel ulglz oko lelhlg6 / Idked~cqoz~oclk ~uqtcutq zqm`qli imedh zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob cmmzdqlu ob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu eo


Zl`d 41

ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm( elk cdqlk`cl imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob eohlctclk lul~ el~lq il~tclk elqo zqlcuo~o elk zlclq( elhli tzlyl idk`tfo cdhlylclk imedh gozmud~o~ ylk` eocdialk`clk+ a+ Rdqobocl~o imedh gozmud~o~( cdòlulk ylk` eohlctclk lelhlg6 / Qdro~o imedh gozmud~o~( elk ~olz tkutc eohlctclk tfonmal imedh ~dnlql udqalul~ tfo udqalul~/ u dqalul~/ >+ Idhlctclk Tfonmal Udqalul~ Idhlctclk tfonmal imedh udqalul~( cdòlulk ylk` eoudiztg zlel ulglz oko lelhlg6 / Idqtit~clk tzlyl)tzlyl idk`lul~o cdhdilglk)cdhdilglk elhli qlk`cl zdkydiztqkllk imedh( eoel~lqclk zlel uditlk( ~lqlk( zdkelzlu zd~dqul ~dhlil tfo udqalul~+ 5/ Idked~cqoz~oclk gl~oh zdhlc~lkllk tfonmal imedh( elk ~dclho`t~( idhlctclk qdro~o-zdkydiztqkllk imedh+ 4/ Gl~oh qdro~o-zdkydiztqkllk imedh( eolk``lz ~telg ~olz tkutc eo oizhdidkul~oclk elhli tfo hlzlk`lk tfo dizoqoc+ 5+ Oizhdidkul~o Imedh Tfonmal Hlzlk`lk/ Zlel oizhdidkul~o imedh ulglz cdòlulk ylk` eohlctclk lelhlg ~dal`lo adqoctu6 l+ Zdhlc~lkllk oizhdidkul~o imedh zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm eohlctclk zlel cdhmizmc uqdluidku( uqdluidku ( idhlhto dc~zdqoidk |tl~o( edk`lk hlk`clg cdòlulk ylk` eohlctclk ~dal`lo adqoctu6 / Cdòlulk drlhtl~o ylk` eohlctclk elhli zdhlc~lkllk oizhdidkul~o imedh idhoztuo6 drlhtl~o zqm~d~ zdkeoeoclk cdudqhlc~lkllk imedh/( drlhtl~o gl~oh zdkeoeoclk zl~nl oizhdidkul~o zdkeoeoclk idhlhto zm~uud~u zm~uud~u( elk ma~dqrl~o udkulk` cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq elhli cdòlulk qdbhdc~o gl~oh zdiadhlflqlk zdiadhlflqlk


Zl`d 4>

Lklho~l udqglelz gl~oh oizhdidkul~o imedh zdkeoeoclk cdudqlizohlk idkflgou ylk` eocdialk`clk( edk`lk hlk`clg cdòlulk ylk` eohlctclkkyl lelhlg6
>/ Idhlctclk lklho~o~ elul zdqadellk gl~oh zdk`lilulk udqglelz cdndqel~lk ~m~olh ~dadhti elk ~d~telg zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob+ Lklho~o~ dq~datu eoilc~teclk tkutc idk`cmizlql~oclk zdqadellkkyl ~dal`lo el~lq elhli idk`tfo ~o`koboclk~o zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olhcdhmizmc uqdluidku/ uqdluidku / ylk` eolk``lz ~dal`lo zdk`lqtg elqo oizhdidkul~o imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob+ 5/ Lklho~o~ elul ylk` eoudiztg ~dzdquo udq~datu eo lul~( eoilc~teclk tkutc idk`dulgto lzlclg imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ylk` eocdialk`clk udq~datu dbdcuob tkutc cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm 4+ Zdkyt~tklk Imedh ylk` Eoqdcmidkel~oclk+ Zdk`dialk`lk imedhzdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm( eoed~cqoz~oclk ~dal`lo adqoctu6 Zdqulil( eohlctclk zdk`clfolk adqal`lo udmqo ylk` qdhdrlk edk`lk zdkeoeoclk tulilkyl udqclou edk`lk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob( cdndqel~lk ~m~olh( lkeql`mòc( clfolk udkulk` zqm`qli Zlcdu A ~dqul Cmk~dz udkulk` ZCAI+ L`lq zdkdhouo idiohoco `lialqlk lplh ylk` hdaog hdk`clz udkulk` imedh ylk` lclk eocdialk`clk( zdkdhouo ft`l idhlctclk zdk`clfolk gl~oh)gl~oh zdkdhouolk hlok ylk` eolk``lz qdhdrlk( Cdetl( eohlctclk ~uteo zdkelgthtlk tkutc idkòedkuobocl~o zdqil~lhlglk ylk` udqclou edk`lk tzlyl zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zqm`qli Zlcdu A+ ^tqrdy zlel ~uteo zdkelgtotlk eohlctclk idhlhto zoglc udqclou zlel zdkydhdk``lqllk zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zlel plq`l adhlflq+ ^tqrdy zlel zdkydhdk``lqllk zdiadhlflqlk zlel zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo ZCAI elk zoglc ylk` udqclou edk`lk zdhlc~lkllk zqm`qli zdiadhlflqlk eo ZCAI+ ^dhtqtg okbmqil~o eozdqmhdg elqo zoglc)zoglc udqclou udq~datu( ~dqul hlkel~lk ytqoeo~ bmqilh ylk` qdhdrlk( elk clfolk udmqduo~ eofleoclk lntlk elhli ~uteo zdkelgthtlk tkutc idqtit~clk imedh elk zdk`dialk`lk ~dhlkftukyl+ Cduo`l( idqlknlk` imedh gozmud~o~ zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zlcdu A( zdkdhouo idhlctclk lklho~o~ cd~dkflk`lk lkulql qkmedh gozmud~o~ edk`lk cmkeo~o lcutlh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ylk` eohlctclk plq`l adhlflq eo hlzlk`lk+ ^dhlkftukyl gl~oh lklho~o~ udq~datu eo`tklclk ~dal`lo lntlk elhli idqtit~clk imedh gozmud~o~+ Eq+ Qt~eok Efoat( I+Ze x

Zl`d 45

Cddizlu( idhlctclk tfo cdhlylclk imedh gozmud~o~ idhlhto fte`didku zlclq tkutc zdqaloclk cmk~dzutlh elk cd~d~tlolk imedh gozmud~o~ udq~datu+ Tfo cdhlylclk imedh gozmud~d~ udq~datu eohlctclk idhlhto zdkohlolk mhdg zqlcuo~o elk ~dflplu zdkdhouo( tkutc idiadqoclk il~tclk cd~d~tlolk imedh udq~datu eo uok`clu hlzlk`lk+ Tfo cdhlylclk eoilc~teclk tkutc idizdqaloco eqlb imedh gozmud~o~ ylk` udhlg eoqtit~clk( ~dgok``l imedh gozmud~o~ udq~datu ~olz tkutc eotfonmalclk ~dnlql udqalul~+ Cdhoil( idhlctclk tfonmal udqalul~ imedh gozmud~o~ gl~oh tfo cdhlylclk ylk` idhoaluclk plq`l adhlflq zqm`qli Zlcdu A+ Tfonmal imedh ~dnlql udqalul~ oko( eoilc~teclk tkutc idirlhoel~o imedh( idhlhto zdkydiztqkllk imedh gozmud~o~ ylk` udhlg eotfo cdhlylclkkyl mhdg zlclq elk zqlcuo~o( adqel~lqclk uditlk)uditlk elhli tfonmal udq~datu( ~dgok``l ~olz tkutc eohlctclk oizhdidkul~o imedh elhli tfo hlzlk`lk+ Cddkli( idhlctclk tfo cdndqel~lk ~m~olh cdhmizmc uqdluidku ~dadhti oizhdidkul~o imedh( tfo zdk`tl~llk cmizdudk~o eohlctclk idhlhto ud~ elk ma~dqrl~o ~dadhti oizhdidkul~o imedh+ Zdk`lilulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq ~dadhti oizhdidkul~o imedh udq~datu( eoilc~teclk tkutc idizdqmhdg elul cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq tkutc eocmizlql~oclk edk`lk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zl~nl oizhdidkul~o imedh zl~nl zdiadhlflqlk ~dal`lo zm~uud~u/+ zm~uud~u/+ Lklho~o~ cmizlql~o cdetl ilnli elul udq~datu eo`tklclk tkutc idk`tfo dbdcuoroul~ imedh ylk` eocdialk`clk+ Cdutftg( oizhdidkul~o imedh tfo hlzlk`lk( cdòlulk oizhdidkul~o imedh zlel ulglz oko eohlctclk udqglelz cdhmizmc uqdluidku( uqdluidku( ylout cdhmizmc plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu A+ hizhdidkul~o imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob eohlc~lklclk eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm+ Cdedhlzlk( drlhtl~o gl~oh oizhdidkul~o imedh( eohlc~lklclk idhlhto cdòlulk zdk`tfolk zl~nl zdiadhlflqlk `tkl idizdqmhdg elul cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l plq`l adhlflq zl~nl oizhdidkul~o imedh+ Elul ylk` eozdqmhdg lelhlg elul gl~oh ud~ zl~nl zdiadhlflqlk( elk elul ma~dqrl~o lel ~llu zdhlc~lkllk zl~nl zdiadhlflqlk+ Elul gl~oh zm~uud gl~oh zm~uud~u ~u elhli lklho~o~kyl eocmizlql~oclk edk`lk elul gl~oh zqdud~u ~dal`lo el~lq lklho~o~ dbdcuoroul~ imedh ylk` eocdialk`clk+ ^dhlkftukyl( tkutc idk`dulgto algpl imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ylk` eocdialk`clk dbdcuob elk adqzdk`lqtg udqglelz zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu A( hdaog hlkftu eohlctclk lklho~o~ imedh adqel~lqclk gl~oh oizhdidkul~o imedh-tfo hlzlk`lk udq~datu+ Lklho~o~ eohlctclk adqel~lqclk elul zdk`lilulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh ~dadhti elk ~dudhlg zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob+ Elqo gl~oh lklho~o~ oko eoqlknlk` imedh !lcgoq! zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq ~dal`lo !imedh ylk` lclk eoqdcmidkel~oclk!+ Ulglzlk)ulglzlk zdk`dialk`lk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm elzlu eo`lialqclk idhlhto cdqlk`cl zdk`dialk`lk imedh ~dal`lo adqoctu6 ÛTEO ZDKELGTHTLK Zdiadhlflqlk Cmmzdqluob( Cdndqel~lk ^m~olh

IMEDH CMK^DZUTLH

Zl`d 44

Eq+ Qt~eok Efoat( I+Ze x Ql~omklho~l~o( L~ti~o Zdk`dialk`lk Imedh( Utftlk Zdk`dialk`lk( Cmizmkdk

>+<+ Ulglzlk Zdk`dialk`lk Zdkeoeoclk Cdudqlizohlk Idkflgou Plq`l Adhlflq Zlcdu N elhli Zdq~zdcuob Cdpoqlt~lgllk

B+ Zdk`mhlglk Elul elk Udckoc Lklho~o~ Elul Ulglzlk elhli zqm~d~ zdkdhouolk( udqeoqo lul~ hlk`clg6 / tfo hlzlk`lk( elk 5/ idk`tqlkò edro~odk~o ylk` eouditclk elhli ulglz tfo nmal hlzlk`lk+ Idqtftc zlel ulglzlk elhli zdkdhouolk oko( lklho~o~ elul ylk` eo`tklclk eoalò cd elhli adadqlzl ulglz ylout6 h/ zdcdqfllk idktho~clk elul( 1/ idk`deou( >/ idk`chl~obocl~oclk elul( 5/ idqdetc~o( elk 4/ okudqzqdul~o lult idiadqo ulb~oqlk+ Adqel~lclk zlel qdknlkl lklho~o~ elul udq~datu( ilcl udckoc lklho~o~ elul ylk` eo`tklclk elhli zdkdhouolk oko eohlctclk elhli uo`l ulglz( ylout6 <+ Lklho~o~ Elul Ulglz Zdqulil Lklho~o~ elul zdkdhouolk ulglz zdqulil( udqclou edk`lk ~uteo zdkelgthtlk( eohlctclk ~dnlql ctlhouluob elk ctlkuouluob+ Lklho~o~ elul ~dnlql ctlhouluob eohlctclk tkutc idilcklo ed~cqoz~o maydcuob udkulk` oizhdidkul~o zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zlel cmkeo~o lcutlh elk cmkudc~utlh ylk` zdqklg eohlctclk udqclou zdkydhdk``lqllk zqm`qli Zlcdu A+ Lklho~o~ elul ctlkuouluob gl~ou ~uteo zdkelgthtlk eohlctclk tkutc idilcklo cmkeo~o ZCAI Ulilk Zdkeoeoclk elk ZCAI Lh)Vocql+ Lklho~o~ elul ~dnlql ctlhouluob ylk` eoilc~teclk eo lul~( ~dnlql cd~dhtqtglk tkutc idked~cqoz~oclk gl~oh ~uteo zdkelgthtlk ~dal`lo ~lhlg ~lut cmizmkdk zdkuok` tkutc udqtit~clkkyl imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ylk` eocdialk`clk+ ^delk`clk lklho~o~ elul ctlkuouluob zlel ~uteo zdkelgthtlk tkutc idimuqdu cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq( ~dal`lo cmizmkdk zdkuok` ~dal`lo el~lq idizdqmhdg `lialqlk cmkeo~o cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq ~dal`lo blcumq zdketctk` zdkuok`kyl zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq idhlhto imedh ylk` eocdialk`clk 1+ Lklho~o~ Elul Ulglz Cdetl Lklho~o~ elul zlel ulglz oko eo`tklclk zqm~detq ctlhouluob3 elk adkutckyl lelhlg idkdhllg blcumq)blcumq ylk` ~dnlql cmk~dzutlh lclk idkfleo cdkelhl elhli qkdkòizhdidkul~oclk qkdkòizhdidkul~o clk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ylk` eoqlknlk`+ Lklho~o~ elul zlel ulglz oko tkutc idilcklo cmkeo~o maydcuob lul~ zlkelk`lk zlql zdk`dhmhl ZCAI( zqlcuo~o( elk zlql zlclq+ Gl~oh lklho~o~ oko elzlu eofleoclk zdemilk( elhli idirdqobocl~o imedh lplh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zlcdu A eo ZCAI+


Zl`d 42

ALA OR GLÔH ZDKDHOUOLK ELK ZDIALGL^LK L+ Gl~oh Zdkdhouolk

Gl~oh zdkdhouolk eoed~cqoz~oclk edk`lk idk`lnt zlel utftlk zdkdhouolk( ylcko6 / idkòizhdidkul~oclk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm( elk 5/ idk`dulgto dbdcuoroul~ imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm <+

Ed~cqoz~o Cmkeo~o Mafdcuob Zdiadhlflqlk Cmmzdqluob Eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm Tkutc idkelzluclk cmkeo~o mafdcuob zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm eozdqmhdg idhlhto plplknlql( ma~dqrl~o elk lk`cdu zlel cdòlulk ûteo Zdkelgthtlk+ Plplknlql eohlc~lklclk edk`lk Cdutl Bmqti ZCAI Alzlc Zqmrok~o @mqmkulhm Eq~+Atglqok Oòqo~l+I+Ze/ zlel ulk``lh > ^dzudiadq 1:<< tkutc idiadqoclk qdcmidkel~o udqglelz Zt~lu cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ ~dal`lo udizlu zdhlc~lkllk zdkdhouolk+ Elqo gl~oh plplknlql udq~datu eozdqmhdg algpl elqo <0 ZCAI ylk` lel eo Cmul @mqmkulhm glkyl etl ZCAI ylk` eoqdcmidkel~oclk ylout ZCAI Ulilk Zdkeoeoclk elk ZCAI Lh)Vocql+ Zlel ulk``lh 5 ^dzudiadq 1:<< zdkdhouo idhlctclk plplknlql edk`lk Cdutl ZCAI ZCAI Hl Ztut/ Ztut/ ~dclho`t~ ma~dqrl~o zlel Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ Ulilk Zdkeoeoclk ylk` adqhmcl~o eo Cdhtqlglk Ulzl Cdnlilulk Cmul Tulql( eohlkftuclk plplknlql edk`lk Cdutl Cdutl ZCAI Eq~+Elq~mkm Eq~+Elq~mkm Elte I+Ze/ zlel ulk``lh 4 ^dzudiadq ^dzudiadq 1:<< ~dclho`t~ idhlc~lklclk ma~dqrl~o zlel Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ Lh)Vocql ylk` adqhmcl~o eo cdhtqlglk Zledatmhm Cdnlilulk Cmul Uoitq+ ûteo zdkelgthtlk ylk` eohlctclk zdkdhouo udqglelz cdetl ZCAI oko idk`gl~ohclk okbmqil~o idk`dklo zqmboh ZCAI hmcl~o zdkdhouolk elk al`loilkl cmkeo~o mafdcuob zdiadhlflqlk ylk` lel eo ZCAI+ l+ Zqmboh Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu 'ZCAI/ Ulilk Zdkeoeoclk

ZCAI !Ulilk Zdkeoeoclk! idqtzlclk hdialfl eo flhtq Zdkeoeoclk kmk bmqilh ylk` eoeoqoclk mhdg mhdg il~ylqlclu il~ylqlclu elk tkutc il~ylqlclu il~ylqlclu eo Cdhtqlglk Ulzl Cdnlilulk Cdnlilulk Cmul Tulql Cmul @mqmkulhm+ ZCAI oko eoklilclk !Ulilk Zdkeoeoclk! edk`lk ilc~te l`lq idhlhto hdial`l oko elzlu eonozulclk ~tiadq elyl ilkt~ol ylk` glkelh( adqctlhoul~ elk adqelyl ~lok` cgt~t~kyl alò il~ylqlclu ylk` adqlel eo Cdhtqlglk Ulzl elk Cdnlilulk Cmul Tulql zlel titikyl+ ZCAI !Ulilk Zdkeoeoclk! eoeoqoclk zlel ulk``lh 7 L`t~ut~ ulgtk 1::7 eo Cdhtqlglk Ulzl Cdnlilulk Cmul Tulql elk udhlg eoctctgclk edk`lk lcul kmulqo~ kmimq 5< eoglelzlk kmulqo~ Ho~l Ztqklilpluo Kdkum( ^G zlel ulk``lh )7 elk ft`l eohdk`clzo edk`lk udhlg udqelbulq zlel Clkumq Zlflc Kmimq Zmcmc Zmcmc Plfoa Zlflc :1+7>0+::0+:)711+::: a+ Zqmboh Zt~lu Cdòlulk Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu 'ZCAI/ 'ZCAI/ Lh)Vocql Zt~lu Cdòlulk Adhlflq Il~ylqlclu ZCAI/ ‘LH)Vocql’ lelhlg hdial`l eoflhtq Zdkeoeoclk kmk bmqilh ylk` eoeoqoclk mhdg il~ylqlclu Cdhtqlglk Zledatmhm idhlhto Eokl~ Zdkeoeoclk Cmul @mqmkulhm+ ZCAI oko eoklilclk ‘LH)Vocql’ edk`lk ilc~te l`lq idhlhto hdial`l oko elzlu eonozulclk ~tiadq elyl ilkt~ol ylk` glkelh( adqctlhoul~ elk adqelyl ~lok` cgt~t~kyl alò


Zl`d 40

il~ylqlclu ylk` adqlel eo Cdhtqlglk Zledatmhm elk Cdnlilulk Cmul Uoitq zlel titikyl+ ZCAI ‘LH)Vocql’ eoeoqoclk zlel ulk``lh 17 Ftho ulgtk 1::7 eo Flhlk Ilumhmethl Cdhtqlglk Zledatmhm Cdnlilulk Cmul Uoitq elk udhlg eoctctgclk eoc tctgclk edk`lk lcul kmulqo~ kmimq <5 eoglelzlk kmulqo~ Ho~l Ztqklilpluo Kdkum(^G zlel ulk``lh 4 L`t~ut~ 1::7+

Elhli idhlc~lklclk adqal`lo zdkydhdk``lqllk zqm`qli ZCAI ‘LH)Vocql’ udhlg adqmhdg ovok mzdql~omklh elqo Zdidqokulg Cmul @mqmkulhm elhli glh oko Eokl~ Zdkeoeoclk Cmul @mqmkulhm Kmimq 510-Eockl~)ZKBZ-1<57+ 510-Eockl~)ZKBZ-1<57+ Tkutc idktkflk` cdhlknlqlk zdhlc~lkllk cdòlulk ylk` eo~dhdk``lqlclk mhdg ZCAI ‘Lh)Vocql’ cgt~t~ elhli glh idk`lutq ilklfdidk mzdql~omklh cdtlk`lk ilcl ZCAI ‘Lh)Vocql’ udhlg idiohoco qdcdkok` alkc eo AQO tkou Cmul Uoitq edk`lk kmimq qdcdkok` 4<>>):<):14<1>)4>)1 4<>>):<):14<1>)4>)1 elk ft`l eohdk`clzo edk`lk udhlg eoelbulqclkkyl ZCAI ‘Lh) Vocql’ eo clkumq zlflc Kmimq Zmcmc Plfoa Zlflc :1+27:+>07+>)711+::: Cmkeo~o mafdcuob zdiadhlflqlk zlel Zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk Zlcdu A ~dal`lo ~tafdc zdkdhouolk oko eoel~lqclk zlel ~lulkelq ylk` eoadqhlctclk Zdidqokulg cgt~t~kyl ylk` udqnlkuti elhli Zdqlutqlk Zdidqokulg Kmimq ~lizlo edk`lk ulk``lh 4 ^dzudiadq 1:<< ~d~tlo edk`lk gl~oh plplknlql edk`lk adadqlzl zdk`dhmhl eo adadqlzl ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm eozqmhdg algpl zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk zlel zqm`qli Zlcdu A zlel titikyl il~og idk``tklclk zdiadhlflqlk cmkrdk~omklh ylout zdiadhlflqlk ylk` adqzt~lul zlel utumq+ ^dnlql qokno cmkeo~o mafdcuob zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk cd~dulqllk zqm`qli Zlcdu Z lcdu A eo e o ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm elzlu eotqloclk ~dal`lo adqoctu6 <+Imedh Zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob adhti eohlctclk ~dzdktgkyl zlel zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm 1+ Lel cdcglpluoqlk algpl zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob glkyl lclk idk`lcoaluclk cdclnltlk eo cdhl~( elk zd~dqul eoeoc uoelc lclk adhlflq focl idqdcl eoudizluclk elhli cdhmizmc+ >+ Alkylc cd~lk ylk` kd`luob idk`dklo cdòlulk cdqfl ~lil lult adhlflq elhli cdhmizmc 5+ Plq`l adhlflq uoelc ~dklk` eo~tqtg adcdqfl ~lil edk`lk mqlk` hlok 4+ Plq`l adhlflq ylk` lcuob elk udctk idql~l glqt~ adcdqfl idhdaogo plq`l adhlflq ylk` hlok elhli cdhmizmc( ~didkulql plq`l adhlflq ctqlk` ilizt idql~l qdkelg eoqo clqdkl eoudizluclk ~lut cdhmizmc edk`lk plq`l adhlflq ylk` hdaog zokulq elk lcuob+ 2+Plq`l adhlflq ylk` zokulq idql~l algpl udilkkyl ylk` ctqlk` ilizt glkyl idktizlk` ~lfl zlel gl~og fdqog zlylg idqdcl+ 0+Lel zdql~llk pl~)pl~ zlel lk``mul cdhmizmc lclk gohlk`kyl clqlcudqo~uoc lult cdtkoclk zqoaleo clqdkl glqt~ idkyd~tloclk eoqo edk`lk cdhmizmc+

Clfolk oko eolqlgclk zlel tzlyl idk``lho blcumq)blcumq okudqklh imedh blcutlh zdiadhlflqlk zlel Zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zlcdu A eo ZCAI ylk` eol~ti~oclk elzlu idizdk`lqtgo cdndqel~lk ~m~olh ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq elhli elhli idkòctuo zqm`qli zdiadhlflqlk ~dqul cdiliztlk udkl`l utumq-utumq elhli idialk`tk zqm`qli zdiadhlflqlk+ Eo~lizok` out zthl lclk eoalgl~ adqal`lo zdqil~lhlglk ylk` udqclou edk`lk zdkydhdk`` zdky dhdk``lqllk lqllk zdiadhlfl zdia dhlflqlk qlk ylk` adqhl adqhlk`~ k`~tk tk` ` eo eo ZCAI ZCAI++ l+ Zlquo~ozl~o plq`l plq`l adhlflq elhli zqm~d~ zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk

Elhli zdk`dialk`lk zqm`qli eo ZCAI ~lutlk Zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh/ cgt~t~kyl zqm`qli Zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk( zlquo~ozl~o elqo ~dhtqtg cmizmkdk zdiadhlflqlk cgt~t~kyl plq`l adhlflq aloc elhli idkyt~tk zdqdknlkllk zdiadhlflqlk iltztk


Zl`d 47

elhli zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk idqtzlclk umhlc tctq tulil+ Glh oko eoilc~teclk edk`lk utftlk6 / Zdktht~tqlk elk lklho~o~ cdatutglk plq`l adhlflq lclk ~dnlql eoko eouditclk(

~dgok``l iditelgclk utumq elhli idk`dialk`clk zqm`qli zdiadhlflqlk udqtulil3 iludqo zdiadhlflqlk( ~uqludò elk idumed zdiadhlflqlk ~dqul imedh drlhtl~o drlh tl~o zdiadhlflqlk zdiadh lflqlk ylk` lclk eocdialk`clk eocdi alk`clk Eo~lizok` Eo~lizok` out zthl cdudqhoalulk cdudqhoalulk plq`l adhlflq adhlflq elhli zdqdknlkllk zdqdknlkllk zdiadhlflqlk zdiadhlfl qlk lclk iditelgclk utumq elhli idk`lklho~o~ zdqil~lhlglk) zdqil~lhlglk ylk` lclk eouoiathclk elk lclk iditelgclk elhli zdidnlglk il~lhlg ylk` eouditclk aloc elhli zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk iltztk elhli idk`tctq cdadqgl~ohlk zdiadhlflqlk+ Cqoudqol el~lq ylk` glqt~ eozdktgo plq`l adhlflq elhli zlquo~ozl~okyl elhli idkyt~tk qdknlkl zqm`qli idhoztuo6 l/ cdiliztlk el~lq elk cdudqlizohlk ylk` eoiohoco( udqtulil idilglio il~lhlg eoqo elk hok`ctk`lkkyl( n/ idiohoco cdiltlk( e/ elzlu adcdqfl~lil( elk n/ n / udqatcl udqglelz u dqglelz zdk`dialk`lk eoqo elk zdk`dia zdk`dialk`lk lk`lk zqm`qli+ zqm`qli+ Cdòlulk tulil tkutc idialk`tk cmkeo~o zlquo~ozl~o plq`l adhlflq eo ZCAI elhli zdk`dialk`lk elk zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob eohlctclk idhlhto adqal`lo cdòlulk ylout6 l/ Zdkedclulk Lplh

Zdkedclulk lplh eohlctclk mhdg utumq cdzlel plq`l adhlflq( tkutc hdaog idk`dklh ~lut ~lut ~lil hlok udqtulil( adqal`lo glh ytlk` adqcloulk edk`lk zmudk~o)zmudk~o eoqo/ ylk` eoiohoco plq`l adhlflq+ Eo~lizok` out zthl cdòlulk oko eohlctclk tkutc idktiatgclk ql~l ~outluomklh lplqkd~~ plq`l adhlflq elhli idkòctuo Zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk eo ZCAI imuorl~o/ idkòk`lu gdudqmòkoul~ plq`l adhlflq eohoglu elqo t~ol( hlulq adhlclk` cdhtlq`l dcmkmio/( fdko~ cdhliok( elk hlulq adhlclk` zdk`dulgtlk elk cdudqlizohlk ylk` eoiohoco elhli idketctk` zqm~d~ elk zdqdknlkllk zdiadhlflqlk+ Cdòlulk zmcmc ylk` eohlctclk adq~lil plq`l adhlflq zlel ulglzlk oko idhoztuo6
>/

5/ 4/

eohlctclk tkutc idialk`tk cdlcqlalk eolkulql il~ok`)il~ok`+ Idhlctclk oedkuobocl~o lplh udkulk` plq`l adhlflq cdiliztlk elk cdudqlizohlkkyl/ idhlhto plplknlql ~dnlql okbmqilh tkutc idk`dulgto oedkuoul~ eoqo( cdiliztlk ylk` eoiohoco( fdko~ cdudqlizohlk ylk` eoiohoco( cdatutglk( fdko~c cdòlulk ylk` eohlctclk eohtlq adhlflq eo ZCAI( l~lh udizlu uok``lh( elk cdaol~llk elhli adhlflq+ Idkydalqhtl~clk elk ididulclk cdiliztlk elk cdudqlizohlk ylk` eoiohoco plq`l adhlflq cdzlel utumq hlok l`lq iditelgclk elhli idiatlu umzoc)umzoc udil)udil/ zdiadhlflqlk+ Idiaokl cdzdqnlyllk plq`l adhlflq( l`lq udqt~ idk`dialk`clk eoqo elkzdqnlyl cdzlel cdiliztlk elk cdudqlizohlk ylk` eoiohocokyl+ Idiadkutc cdhmizmc adhlflq( ~d~tlo edk`lk cdilztlk elk cdudqlizohlk ylk`


Zl`d 4?

eoiohoco elk cdatutglk il~ok`)il~ok`+ Gl~oh elqo cdòlulk oko o ko lelhlg6 lelh lg6 / idkòctuo zdiadhlflqlk ~dnlql udqt~ idkdqt~ cmkuokt/+ a/ L~~d~idku Plq`l Adhlflq

L~~d~idku eohlctclk tkutc idk`dulgto cdiliztlk lplh plq`l adhlflq( cdatutglk( cdokòklk elk imuorl~o ylk` ~dadklqkyl lel elhli eoqo plq`l adhlflq+ L~~d~~idku oko eohlctclk cduocl zdqulil clho plq`l adhlflq lclk idkòctuo zdiadhlflqlk+ ^dhlil cdòlulk oko utumq idiadqoclk imuorl~o elk idkok`cluclk okudk~oul~ cmitkocl~o edk`lk plq`l adhlflq ~dgok``l eozdqmhdg cdfdhl~lk( algpl plq`l adhlflq aduth)aduth lclk idkòctuo edk`lk ~tk``tg)~tk``tg zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm+ Cdòlulk l~~d~idku idknlctz6 / hlulq adhlclk` plq`l adhlflq eo il~ylqlclu elk eo qtilg( 5/ cmkeo~o hok`ctk`lk plq`l adhlflq eo ilkl idqdcl uok``lh elk adcdqfl alò ylk` ~telg adcdqfl( 4/ qoplylu zdkeoeoclk plq`l adhlflq( 2/ cmkeo~o cdgoetzlk ~dglqo)glqo+ Oedkuobocl~o oko eohlctclk tkutc idialkut ididnlgclk zdq~mlhlk)zdq~mlhlk elhli zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk elk ~uqludò ylk` eoudqlzclk udqtuli elhli idiohog udil)udil ylk` nmnmc edk`lk iludqo zdiadhlflqlk ylk` lclk eoalk`tk eo ZCAI+ Gl~oh l~d~~idku elzlu eofleoclk lntlk lult btkel~o elhli idkyt~tk qdknlkl zdiadhlflqlk ylk` ~dnlql hlk`~tk` adqoial~ zlel zdkdulzlk ~uqludò zdiadhlflqlk( idumel zdiadhlflqlk elk alglk lflq ~tiadq/ adhlflq ylk` lclk eo`tklclk utumq elhli zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk+ a+ Zqm`qli Zdiadhlflqlk elk Qdknlkl Zdiadhlflqlk

Uok`clu ^lutlk Cdòlulk Adhlflq ZCAI/ elk ôhlat~ ( eocdialk`clk elk eoudulzclk adq~lil lkulql Eokl~ Zdkeoeoclk Clatzludk Cmul ylk` adqulk``tk`flpla eoaoelk` Zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh ~dqul ~d~tlo edk`lk cdpdklk`lkkyl+ Cdelhlilk ctqocthti eoutlk`clk elhli ~ulkelq cmizdudk~o ^C/ elk cmizdudk~o el~lq CE/ il~ok`)il~ok` ilul zdhlflqlk+ Ilul zdhlflqlk OZUDC idiohoco ^C elk CE ylk` ~lil edk`lk Zdkeoeoclk bmqilh eo ZCAI( glh oko eozlclo tkutc cdzdkuok`lk tfolk zdkydulqllk uok`clu kl~omklh+

n/ Ctqocthti


Zl`d 2:

e/ Clhdkedq

Zdkeoeoclk Clhdkedq Zdkeoeoclk ylk` eo`tklclk zlel ZCAI eo~t~tk ~d~tlo cdatutglk plq`l adhlflq eo ZCAI+ Zdqithllk ulgtk lflqlk ~d~tlo edk`lk clhdkedq Zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk ylk` eocdhtlqclk Eoqdcumqlu Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk Eoqdcumqlu fdkedqlh Zdkeoeoclk Kmkbmqilh elk Okbmqilh Edzeockl~ lplh ulgtk lflqlk zlel Athlk Io/+ Plq`l adhlflq elzlu idkòctuo cdòlulk zdiadhlflqlk ~d~tlo edk`lk cd~dizlulk il~ok`)il~ok` edk`lk idizdqgluoclk adalk adhlflq elk nlql idkdiztgkyl ~d~tlo edk`lk lutqlk ylk` eoadqhlctclk+ 1/ Qdknlkl Zdiadhlflqlk Gl~oh l~~d~~idku eofleoclk el~lq tkutc zdqdknlkllk zdiadhlflqlk ylk` eo~lizloclk eo ZCAI+ Zoglc ylk` udqhoalu elhli zdqdknlkllk zdiadhlflqlk lelhlg zdk`dhmhl elk utumq( lelztk plq`l adhlflq udqalul~ glkyl idkylizloclk adadqlzl okbmqil~o zdqil~lhlglk ylk` eoglelzo cduocl eohlctclk eolhm` ~dqul adadqlzl zdqulkyllk ylk` eo~lizloclk cdzlel idqdcl+ Eo~lizok` out plq`l adhlflq udqhoalu elhli zdkyt~tklk zdqdknlkllk zdiadhlflqlk glkyl zlel zdkylizlolk zdqil~lhlglk) zdqil~lhlk ~dqul cdatutglk ylk` okòk eozdhlflqokyl+ Cmizmkdk)cmizmkdk ylk` eoqdknlklclk idhoztuo adqal`lo glh ylk` adgtatk`lk dqlu edk`lk zdiadhlflqlk ~dzdquo6 iludqo zdiadhlflqlk( zdkfleplhlk( ~dqul udizlu zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk adqhlk`l~tk`+ adqhlk`l~tk`+ Eo ~lizok` out zthl eoliluo adadqlzl cqdluoroul~ utumq ylk` ~d~tlo edk`lk umzoc)umzoc iludqo zdiadhlflqlk+ Elhli zqm~d~ oko lel adadqlzl cdctqlk`lk ylk` udqliluo eolkulqlkyl lelhlg3 ctqlk` idizdqgluoclk cdatutglk qdlh plq`l adhlflq ~dqul ~tiadq adhlflq ylk` idketctk`+ Utftlk zdiadhlflqlk eoudkutclk hlk`~tk` mhdg zdk`dhmhl elk utumq( edk`lk l~ti~o algpl plq`l adhlflq ~dal`lo ~l~lqlk zdiadhlflqlk zl~ob( ~dgok``l cdudqhoalulk elhli zqm~d~ zdkyt~tklk qdknlkl zdiadhlflqlk il~og udqalul~+

Plq`l adhlflq idkòctuo zdiadhlflqlk eo ZCAI cdalkylclk uoelc eoel~lqclk lul~ imuorl~o ylk` elulk` elqo elhli eoqokyl ok~uqok~oc/ udulzo lul~ el~lq imuorl~o elqo htlq dc~uqok~oc/ ~dzdquo3 lflclk udilk)udilkkyl( lflclk zdk`dhmhl elk utumq( eo~tqtg mqlk` utl elk zdqt~lgllk eoilkl plq`l adhlflq adcdqfl( ft`l eoclqdklclk lelkyl uqlk~zmqu elqo zdk`dhmhl+ Qdcqtuidku utumq eohlctclk lul~ el~lq ~tclqdhl elk cdocghl~lk( uoelc adqel~lq zlel cmizdudk~o+ Elhli zqm~d~ zdkyt~tklk qdknlkl zdiadhlflqlk( eocdulgto algpl zqm~d~ adhlflq eohlctclk utumq ~d~tlo edk`lk plcut ~dk``lk` ylk` eoiohoco( eo~lizok` out zthl utumq idkdqoil utkflk`lk utkflk`lk okudk~ob/ ~d~tlo edk`lk ~ulkelq ylk` eoudulzclk ZCAI+ Zlel ulglz lplh/ mqodkul~o zdiadhlflqlk eo ZCAI( plq`l adhlflq zdqulil)ulil eocdklhclk zdqlk elk btk`~o ZCAI eo il~ylqlclu cgt~tkyl elhli zdiadhlflqlk ro~o( io~o elk utftlk ZCAI/( eofdhl~clk zthl adqal`lo lutqlk ylk` glqt~ eohlc~lklclk plq`l adhlflq( zdqlk zdk`dhmhl elk utumq elhli qlk`cl zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk+ Adadqlzl cdòlulk ylk` eohlctclk elhli idketctk` ulglz mqdokul~o eolkulqlkyl lelhlg6 idkyt~tk fle plh zdi adhlfl adh lflqlk qlk elk el k fleplh fle plh ulialglk ulialgl k tkutc cdudqlizohl cdudqli zohlk( k( idiatlu idiatl u fleplh zdialòlk ut`l~ cdadq~oglk ZCAI( idkyt~tk cdòlulk ylk` idkydklk`clk ~dzdquo zdqiloklk( mhlgql`l elk cd~dkolk+ Cdòlulk)cdòlulk out eo~t~tk adqel~lq cd~dzlclulk lkulql utumq-zdk`dhmhl edk`lk plq`l adhlflq+ Elhli ulglz mqodkul~o zdiadhlflqlk eo~t~tk zthl zdk`mq`lko~l~olk plq`l adhlflq elk zdiadkutclk cdhmizmc adhlflq( cdòlulk oko eozoizok mhdg plq`l adhlflq elk eolqlgclk mhdg utumq+


Zl`d 2<

n+ Zdhlc~lkllk Zdiadhlflqlk

Zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk idqtzlclk zqm~d~ cmitkocl~o lkulql utumq elk plq`l adhlflq idhlhto adqal`lo ideol elk idumel ylk` ~d~tlo edk`lk iludqo lflq-zd~lk ylk` ~dnlql cmmzdqluob eoatutgclk plq`l adhlflq+ Zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk eohlctclk tkutc idkok`cluclk zdk`dulgtlk( cdudqlizohlk ~dgok``l udqfleo zdqtalglk ~oclz elk zdqohlct plq`l adhlflq+ Elhli zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk eohlctclk zthl zdiadqolk imuorl~o l`lq plq`l adhlflq adqzlquo~ozl~o ~dnlql lcuob eo elhlikyl Zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk eohlc~lklclk ~dnlql adqrlqol~o mhdg utumq ylk` eoalkut mhdg mhdg zdk`dhmhl+ Rlqol~o zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk uoelc cmk~o~udk edk`lk zdqdknlkllk ~dithl/ elzlu eondqiluo elqo plcut( elk iludqo zdiadhlflqlk+ Cduoelc cm~o~udklk zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk eo~dalaclk mhdg adqal`lo blcumq eolkulqlkyl lelhlg3 qdkelgkyl imuorl~o plq`l adhlflq( utumq adqglhlk`lk gleoq( uoelc lel zdkfdiztulk plq`l adhlflq cd udizlu zdiadhlflqlk eo ZCAI ylk` ao~l idk`glialu cdhlknlqlk zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk eo ZCAI+ ZCAI elhli idkydhdk``lqlclk zdiadhlflqlk ndkedqtk` clct elk ctqlk` idizdqgluoclk cdatutglk adhlflq plq`l adhlflq elk eo~d~tloclk edk`lk zmudk~o hmclh il~ylqlclu/ ylk` elzlu eoelyl `tklclk tkutc idketctk` cdadqgl~ohlk zdiadhlflqlk+ Zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk adq~oblu udlngdq ndkudqde utumq hdaog emioklk idkylizloclk iludqo ~delk`clk plq`l adhlflq zl~ob/+ Glh udq~datu eolcoaluclk mhdg cqdluoroul~ utumq ylk` qdkelg lult elhli zqm~d~ adhlflq glkyl idk``tklclk idumed ndqlilg elk ulkyl flpla lult idumed cmkrdk~omklh+ Udizlu zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk zlel titikyl idk``tklclk qtlk`lk ylk` lel eo ZCAI( lult glhlilk ZCAI( id~coztk ~dalòlk qtlk`lk ZCAI ~telg zdqilkdk( klitk udizlu)udizlu udq~datu adhti ~dzdktgkyl idketctk` zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk aloc ylk` okuql iltztk dc~uql+ Plcut zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk eohlc~lklclk ~d~tlo cd~dzlclulk lkulql utumq( zdk`dhmhl elk plq`l adhlflq( klitk elhli zdhlc~lkllkkyl ~dqok` clho adqtalg)talg clqdkl adqal`lo lhl~lk cdudqalul~lk utumq elk alglk lflq+ Elhli zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk eohlctclk zthl cdòlulk zdiaokllk( eoilkl cdòlulk oko eo~d~tloclk edk`lk cmizmkdk iludqo zqm`qli zdiadhlflqlk+ Edk`lk glqlzlk utftlk zdiadhlflqlk elzlu eonlzlo ~dnlql dbdcuob elk dbo~odk+ Cmkeo~o ZCAI( udq~datu eo lul~ ~dnlql kylul eoetctk` mhdg elul)elul zdkdhouolk ctlkuouluob( idhoztuo3 utftlk eo~dhdk``lqlclkkyl adqal`lo zqm`qli eo ZCAI( 5:$/ eoel~lqclk zlel zdidktglk lclk cdlkdclql`lilk ioklu plq`l adhlflq( >:$/ zdk`dhmhl idkylulclk eoel~lqclk cdzlel zdidktglk cdlkdclql`lilk cdatutglk plq`l adhlflq( >:(12$/ zdk`dhmhl idkylulclk eoel~lqclk zlel cdlkdclql`lilk lelu-cdaol~llk il~ylqlclu nlhmk plq`l adhlflq( elk >:$/ eoel~lqclk cdzlel cdlkdclql`lilk utkutulk-cdatutglk zl~lq+ Plcut zdkydhdk``lqllk zqm`qli zdiadhlflqlk eo ZCAI adqrlqol~o+ Idktqtu utumq ZCAI( plcut zdiadhlflqlk zlel titikyl idqtzlclk gl~oh cd~dzlclulk lkulql utumq edk`lk plq`l adhlflq ylout 04$/ eo~dqlgclk cdzlel utumq( 1:$/ eo~dqlgclk cdzlel plq`l adhlflq ( elk 4$/ eo~d~tloclk edk`lk udizlu+ Hlilkyl plcut zdiadhlflqlk zdq iok``t zlel ZCAI( 04$/ ~dhlil etl clho( elk 140$/ ~dhlil ~lut clho+ ^tiadq elkl zdiadhlflqlk eo ZCAI adhti adqcdialk`( ~ditlkyl adq~tiadq elqo zdidqokulg <::$/( Idumed zdiadhlflqlk ylk` ~dqok` eo`tklclk eo ZCAI( idktqtu plq`l adhlflq lelhlg ndqlilg( ulkyl flpla( elk eo~ct~o 7:$/+ Idumed zqlcudc glkyl ~dcoulq 1:$+ Idumed zdiadhlflqlk ylk` eo`tklclk( idktqtu plq`l adhlflq eo ZCAI ~d~tlo edk`lk Eq+ Qt~eok Efoat( I+Ze x

Zl`d 21

cmkeo~o plq`l adhlflq ?>(>>$/( ctqlk` ~d~tlo edk`lk cmkeo~o plq`l adhlflq 4(>>$/ elk uoelc ~d~tlo edk`lk cmkeo~o plq`l adhlflq <(>>/+ Lhlu elk ~tiadq zdiadhlflqlk ylk` eo`tklclk eo ZCAI( zlel titikyl utumq idilkelk` ~lk`lu idktkflk` cdiliztlk plq`l adhlflq >:(42$/( ctqlk` idktkflk` cdiliztlk plq`l adhlflq 22(20$/ elk uoelc idktkflk` cdiliztlk plq`l adhlflq 1(07$/+ Idktqtu plq`l adhlflq( zqm`qli zdiadhlflqlk eo~t~tk ~d~tlo edk`lk cdatutglk plq`l adhlflq 45(20$/( adqel~lqclk zqm`qli zdidqokulg >7(20$/( elk eo~t~tk ~d~tlo edk`lk cdiliztlk utumq 2(20$/+ e+ ûqludò Zdiadhlflqlk

^dzdquo udhlg eofdhl~clk ~dadhtikyl ~uqludò zdiadhlflqlk ylk` eoudqlzclk eo ZCAI lelhlg3 zdiadhlflqlk zlquo~ozluob( eo~ct~o cdhmizmc( adhlflq ilkeoqo elk Olok) hlok+ Klitk lel idumel hlok ylk` eocdialk`clk eo ZCAI ylcko utumq ~dalyl+ ûqludò zdiadhlflqlk oko eocdialk`clk clqdkl cdudqalul~lk ZCAI elhli idkydeolclk utumq elk cdudqalul~lk ~tiadq adhlflq+ Elhli idkydhdk``lqlclk ~uqludò zdiadhlflqlk oko eozdqhtclk cd~olzlk elk cdiliztlk utumq elhli idk`cmmqeokl~oclk adqal`lo zdk`lhlilk idk`lflq cdzlel lklc( ft`l cdiliztlk utumq elhli idiohog lklc ylk` tk``th eo lkulql udilk)udilkkyl+ Zdiadhlflqlk zlquo~ozluob utumq ~dalyl eohlctclk zlel plq`l adhlflq ylk` adqlel zlel hdrdh cdhl~/ ? tkutc zqm`qli Zlcdu A elk cdhl~ <1 tkutc zqm`qli Zlcdu N lult cdhl~ lcgoq zlel Zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk+ ûqludò zdiadhlflqlk oko eohlctclk edk`lk nlql utumq idkyolzclk alglk-iludqo lflq ylk` nmnmc elk elzlu eozdnlgclk lult eoeo~ct~oclk plq`l adhlflq eo ZCAI elk eozoizok mhdg udilkkyl ylk` hdaog zokulq tk``th/+ Imedh zdiadhlflqlk zlquo~ozluob utumq ~dalyl eozletclk ft`l edk`lk ~uqludò zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ûqludò zdiadhlflqlk oko ididqhtclk alglk lflq imeth/ ylk` ~telg ~dediocolk qtzl eo~olzclk edk`lk adqal`lo alglk alnllk ylk` ~dnlql cmmzdqluob adqcloulk edk`lk ilude lflq elk il~lhlg)il~lhlg-cdatutglk adhlflq ylk` glqt~ eozdnlgclk plq`l adhlflq+ Adadqlzl blcumq ylk` idkfleo zdqgluolk utumq elhli idk`dialk`clk ~uqludò zdiadhlflqlk zdiadhlflql k utumq ~dalyl eo e o lkulqlkyl lkul qlkyl lelhl lelhlg6 g6
edk`lk

~oblu)~oblu

okeoroetlhoul~ plq`l adhlflq+ >/ Blcumq cdutqtklk elk cd~d~tlolkkyl edk`lk iludqo zdiadhlflqlk+ 5/ Cd~d~tolk iludqo zdiadhlflqlk edk`lk blcumq hok`ctk`lk 'dkroqmkidkulh blnumq/+ 4/ Cd~d~tlolk iludqo zdiadhlflqlk edk`lk zmudk~o eoqo plq`l adhlflq+ 2/ Cd~d~tlolk iludqo zdiadhlflqlk edk`lk zdqcdialk`lk cdgoetzlk+ 0/ Cd~d~tlolk ilckl edk`lk zdk`dialk`lk iludqo zdiadhlflqlk+ Zdkedclulk zdiadhlflqlk hlok ylk` eo`tklclk elhli zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk eo ZCAI lelhlg zdkedclulk zlquo~ozluob lkeql`mò~+ Zdkedclulk oko eohlctclk elhli qlk`cl idialkut idktiatgclk cdqfl~lil elhli idkditclk elk idk``tklclk gl~oh)gl~oh uditlkkyl ylk` ~dnlql cmmzdqluob adqcloulk edk`lk hok`ctk`lk il~ylqlclu eoilkl plq`l adhlflq uok``lh elk adcdqfl+ Cmkeo~o elk ~outl~o Zdkeoeoclk ylk` eoa lk`tk elzlu idqlk`~lk` zdqutiatglk elk zdqcdialk`lk zdqcdialk`lk plq`l plq`l adhlflq+ adhlflq+ Eo ~lizok` zdkedclulk zdiadhlflqlk zlquo~ozluob lkeql`mò~( ft`l eohlctclk zdkedclulk zdiadhlflqlk adqal~o~ hok`ctk`lk-cmkudc~utlh3 zdkedclulk oko eohlctclk


Zl`d 2>

l`lq zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk ~dnlql cmmzdqluob qdhdrlk elk adqilkbllu alò plq`l adhlflq ~d~tlo zmudk~o elk cdatutglk hmclh hok`ctk`lk ~dcoulq eoilkl idqdcl uok``lh elk adcdqfl/+ Mhdg clqdkl out zdkedclulk zdiadhlflqlk oko glqt~ udqclou edk`lk hok`ctk`lk eo ilkl plq`l adhlflq goetz elk adcdqfl+ ^dgok``l plq`l adhlflq idql~lclk( algpl zdk`dulgtlk elk cdudqlizohlk ylk` eozdhlflqokyl adqilkbllu elk udqclou hlk`~tk` edk`lk cdgoetzlk ~dglqo)glqokyl+ d+ Elkl Adhlflq

Adqel~lqclk gl~oh plplknlql edk`lk ~dhtqtg qd~zmkedk ylk` udqclou elk idk`dquo udkulk` elkl adhlflq ylk` eocdhmhl lult ylk` eo`tklclk eo ZCAI elk gl~oh zdk`mhlglk elbulq o~olk( ~tiadq elkl adhlflq ZCAI elzlu eooedkuobocl~o ~dal`lo adqoctu6 zdidqokulg( il~ylqlclu( bmqti ZCAI( Otqlk plq`l Adhlflq( elk alkutlk emklumq+ Elqo ~tiadq)~tiadq elkl udq~datu( udqad~lq udqad~lq eozdqmhdg elqo zdidqokulg+ Elkl ylk` il~tc elqo adqal`lo ~tiadq udq~datu( eocdhmhl mhdg ZCAI ~dnlql mumkmi( aloc elhli zdknlqolk iltztk elhli zdk``tkllkkyl idkfleo ulk``tk` flpla ZCAI+ ^duolz ZCAI glqt~ idhlzmqclk elk idizdqulk``tk`flplaclkkyl cdzlel zdiadqo elkl lult zoglc hlok ylk` eozlkelk` zdqht idkelzlu hlzmqlk+ Zdk`dhmhllk elk zdk``tkllk elkl zlel ~duolz ZCAI adqrlqol~o Gl~oh oedkuobocl~o zdk`dhtlqlk elkl mhdg Zdk`dhmhl ZCAI elzlu eoed~cqoz~oclk ~dal`lo adqoctu+
Qz <:+:::+:::3 1/ ^dalkylc ?$ zdk`dhmhl idkylulclk lkulql Qz+ <:+:::+::: ~-e Qz+ <1+4::+:::3 <2$ zdk`dhmhl idkylulclk adqco~lq lkulql Qz+ <1+4::+::: ~-e >/ ^dalkylc Qz+<4+:::+:::( < 0+4::+:::3 5/ ^dalkylc ?$ idkylulclk adqco~lq lkulql Qz+<4+:::+::: ~-e <0+4::+:::3 4/ ^dalkylc 2:$ idkylulclk eo lul~ Qz+ 1:+:::+:::() Zdk``tkllk elkl udq~datu eolkulqlkyl tkutc uqlk~bmu utumq( idiadho alglk glao~ zlclo( LUC( atct utho~( idialylq qdcdkok` ho~uqoc e lk elk qdcdkok` loq+ ^dit ^ditll elk elkll ylk` eozdqmhdg tkutc zdiaolyllk ~ditl zqm`qli ylk` lel eo ZCAI adq~tiadq elqo elkl LZAK+

b+Drlhtl~o Gl~oh Adhlflq

Drlhtl~o gl~oh adhlflq( eohlctclk tkutc idhoglu zdknlzlolk zqm`qli ylk` ylk` eohlc~lklclk eo ZCAI( ~dqul ~dal`lo okbmqil~o uoialh alhoc cdzlel 'utumq elk plq`l adhlflq idk`dklo cdilftlk ylk` udhlg eonlzlo+ Gl~oh elzlu elzl u eofleocl eofl eoclk k el~lq el~l q zdquoialk`lk zdquoialk` lk tkutc zdkdulzlk zdkdulz lk zdkok`clulk zdkok`clul k okudqrdk~o( okudqrdk~o( qdro~o lult udqiokl~o+ udqiokl~o+ Ok~uqtidk drlhtl~o adqtzl qlknlk`lk zqm`qli( ok~uqtidk ud~u( nl~d qdnmqe( bohd zdqcdialk`lk lklc elk zdemilk ma~dqrl~o( ylk` eozdq`tklclk aloc ~dnlql cmkuokt( iltztk ~dnlql zdqomeoc athlklk( uqopthlk( ~did~udqlk elk ulgtklk+ Zdkohlolk eohlctclk mhdg zdk`dhmhl elk e lk utumq elk adq~oblu ok~oedkulh uoelc cmkuokt( lel ft`l ft`l drlhtl~o drlhtl~o ylk` adq~oblu l~~d~idk idhlhto zdk`tizthlk zdk`tizthlk okbmqil~o okbmqil~o elqo utumq( elk plq`l adhlflq+ Cdòlulk zdkohlolk zlel titikyl adqcloulk edk`lk cdplfoalk idhoglu zdqcdialk`lk gl~oh adhlflq plq`l adhlflq elk hlzmqlk ZCAI elhli idkydhdk``lqlclk zqm`qli+ Gl~oh adhlflq eoqtit~clk elhli adkutc zdk`dulgtlk( cdudqlizohlk elk ~oclz+ Elhli adqal`lo glh zlql zdk`dhmhl ZCAI ft`l idk`dklh o~uohlg cmizdudk~o+ ^ditl Eq+ Qt~eok Efoat( I+Ze x

Zl`d 25

l~zdc udq~datu eodrlhtl~o edk`lk adqal`lo nlql( aloc edk`lk nlql ud~ iltztk kmkud~( ~dnlql ho~lk( utho~lk iltztk zdqatlulk+ Zdhlc~lkllk drlhtl~o eohlctclk idhlhto drlhtl~o ~tiluob elk bmqiluob elk eohlctclk ~dnlql udqdknlkl elk udqzqm`qli+ ^dhlil oko oko zdhlc~lkllk drlhtl~o zdkeoeoclk zlel zqm`qli Zlcdu A il~og idk``tklclk ~o~udi zdqok`clu+ Elhli ~o~udi oko( plq`l adhlflq eoalkeok`clk edk`lk udilk)udilk hlokkyl adqtqtu adqel~lqclk zqd~ul~o adhlflqkyl+ ^dnlql bohm~mbo~ iltztk zdel`mò~ zqlcudc oko ctqlk` udqztfo+ Clqdkl edk`lk nlql oko elzlu idk`mqalkclk lklc elk idk`dqeohclk ilckl ~dqul utftlk zdkeoeoclk+ ô~udi drlhtl~o elhli zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob idk`lktu blh~lblg gmim gmioko ~mnot~ ylk` idkdclkclk ~lhok` cdudq`lkutk`lk lkulql ilghtc goetz+ Cdqfl~lil idqtzlclk cdatutglk ylk` ~lk`lu zdkuok` lquokyl alò cdhlk`~tk`lk goetz+ Ulkzl cdqfl ~lil( ulc lclk lel okeoroet( cdhtlq`l( mq`lko~l~o( lult il~ylqlclu+ Ulkzl cdqfl~lil( cd~doialk`lk hok`ctk`lk goetz lclk ztklg+ Drlhtl~o zdiadhlflqlk elhli etkol zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh cgt~t~kyl zlel zqm`qli Zlcdu A adhti alkylc eoudqlzclk+ Lhl~lkkyl edk`lk idk``tklclk drlhtl~o oko eolk``lz ctqlk` leoh+ Alò plq`l adhlflq ylk` udctk elk zlkelo idql~l eoqtòclk clqdkl udilkkyl ylk` ctqlk` ilizt glkyl idkòctuo zlel gl~oh fdqog zlylg idqdcl( ~delk`clk plq`l adhlflq ylk` ctqlk` ilizt idql~l eoqokyl fleo adklht+ ô~udi zdkohlolk elhli zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob( plq`l adhlflq idkelzlu kohlo zqoaleo elk kohlo cdhmizmc+ Idqdcl ~lhok` idialkut elk idizdq~olzclk eoqo tkutc ud~+ Cditeolk( il~ok`)il~ok` idk`dqflclk ud~ ~dkeoqo)~dkeoqo elk idkdqoil kohlo zqoaleo+^delk`clk kohlo cdhmizmc ao~l eoadkutc edk`lk adadqlzl nlql+ Zdqulil( kohlo cdhmizmc ao~l eoliaoh elqo kohlo udqdkelg ylk` eoelzlu mhdg plq`l adhlflq elhli cdhmizmc+ Cdetl( kohlo cdhmizmc ft`l ao~l eoliaoh elqo qlul)qlul kohlo ~ditl lk``mul cdhmizmc( elqo ~tialk`lk ~duolz lk``mul+ Cdhdaoglk cdetl nlql udq~datu lelhlg ~dilk`lu `mumk` qmymk` ylk` eoulkliclk+ Edk`lk nlql oko( cdhmizmc ao~l adqt~lgl hdaog cdql~ tkutc idialkut ~ditl lk``mul elhli idizdq~olzclk eoqo tkutc ud~+ Zdkohlolk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob lult `mumk` qmymk` zdqht hdaog ~dqok` eohlctclk elhli zqm`qli Zlcdu A oko( tkutc iditztc ~oclz edpl~l+ ô~udi okoztk idqtzlclk lhudqkluord ylk` idklqoc tkutc idknd`lg uoiathkyl ~oclz l`qd~ob elk udql~ok`+ Gl~oh adhlflq ylk` adqtzl zdk`dulgtlk( eokohlo idhlhto ud~ gl~oh adhlflq udqutho~+ Gl~oh adhlflq udq~datu( mhdg zlql qd~zmkedk utumq( zdk`dhmhl( elk zdkohoc/ eokohlo adqctlhobocl~o aloc 24$/( algclk 14$/ qd~zmkedk idkylulclk ~lk`lu aloc( ~dqul <:$/ qd~zmkedk idkylulclk ntctz aloc+ Drlhtl~o zdiadhlflqlk ylk` ~dhlil oko eohlctclk( idktqtu plq`l adhlflq hdaog idkdclkclk cdzlel cdiliztlk plq`l adhlflq 0:$/( 1:$/ idkylulclk idkylulclk hdaog idkdclkclk idkdclkclk zlel ctqocthti ctqoc thti elqo elq o zdidqoku~g( zdidq oku~g( <:$/ idkdclkclk idkdc lkclk cdatutglk cdatu tglk hok`ctk`lk( hok`c tk`lk( elk udqkylul udqkylul idktqtu plq`l adhlflq drlhtl~o ylk` eohlctclk glkyl adq~oblu bmqilhoul~ Plhltztk al`loilkl idktqtu qd~zmkedk plq`l adhlflq( gl~oh adhlflq ylk` eozdqmhdg mhdg idqdcl ~d~tlo edk`lk cdatutglk elk utftlk idqdcl adhlflq idkòctuo cdòlulk ?2$/( elk glkyl 5$/ qd~zmkedk ylk` idkylulclk ctqlk` ~d~tlo edk`lk cdatutglk elk utftlk idqdcl+ Elizlc zdiadhlflqlk ylk` eozdqmhdg( 2?$/ qd~zmkedk plq`l adhlflq adqzdkelzlu algpl gl~oh adhlflq ylk` idqdcl zdqmhdg elzlu idkok`cluclk cdiliztlk elk cdudqlizohlk plq`l adhlflq+ `+ Elyl Etctk`


Zl`d 24

Idktqtu cdudqlk`lk zdk`dhmhl ZCAI( utftlk eo~dhdk``lqlclkkyl adqal`lo zqm`qli eo ZCAI( >>(>>$/ eoel~lqclk zlel zdidktglk lclk cdlkdclql`lilk ioklu plq`l adhlflq( 1:(::$/ zdk`dhmhl idkylulclk eoel~lqclk cdzlel zdidktglk cdlkdclql`lilk cdatutglk plq`l adhlflq( 12(20$/ zdk`dhmhl idkylulclk eoel~lqclk zlel cdlkdclql`lilk lelu-cdaol~llk il~ylqlclu nlhmk plq`l adhlflq( elk 1:(::$/ eoel~lqclk cdzlel cdlkdclql`lilk utkutulk-cdatutglk zl~lq+ g+ Plcut Zdiadhlflqlk

Plcut zdkydhdk``lqllk zqm`qli zdiadhlflqlk eo ZCAI adqrlqol~o+ Idktqtu utumq ZCAI( plcut zdiadhlflqlk zlel titikyl idqtzlclk gl~oh cd~dzlclulk lkulql utumq edk`lk plq`l adhlflq 72(20$/( eo~dqlgclk cdzlel utumq 2(20$/( eo~dqlgclk cdzlel plq`l adhlflq 2(20$/ elk eo~d~tloclk edk`lk udizlu <:$/+ Hlilkyl plcut zdiadhlflqlk zdq iok``t zlel ZCAI( 0>(>>$/ ~dhlil etl clho( elk 12(20$/ ~dhlil ~lut clho+ ^tiadq elkl zdiadhlflqlk eo ZCAI adhti adqcdialk`( adq~tiadq elqo zdidqokulg 72(20$/( ô~lkyl lel ylk` elqo il~ylqlclu( bmqti ZCAI( elk plq`l adhlflq+ o+ Idumed Zdiadhlflqlk

Idumed zdiadhlflqlk ylk` ~dqok` eo`tklclk eo ZCAI( idktqtu plq`l adhlflq lelhlg ndqlilg( ulkyl flpla( elk eo~ct~o 7:$/+ Idumed zqlcudc glkyl ~dcoulq 1:$+ Idumed zdiadhlflqlk ylk` eo`tklclk( idktqtu plq`l adhlflq eo ZCAI ~d~tlo edk`lk cmkeo~o plq`l adhlflq ?>(>>$/( ctqlk` ~d~tlo edk`lk cmkeo~o plq`l adhlflq 4(>>$/ elk uoelc ~d~tlo edk`lk cmkeo~o plq`l adhlflq <(>>/+ Lhlu elk ~tiadq zdiadhlflqlk ylk` eo`tklclk eo ZCAI( zlel titikyl utumq idilkelk` ~lk`lu idktkflk` cdiliztlk plq`l adhlflq >:(42$/( ctqlk` idktkflk` cdiliztlk plq`l adhlflq 22(20$/ elk uoelc idktkflk` cdiliztlk plq`l adhlflq 1(07$/+ Idktqtu plq`l adhlflq ZCAI( zqm`qli zdiadhlflqlk eo~t~tk ~d~tlo edk`lk cdatutglk plq`l adhlflq 45(20$/( adqel~lqclk zqm`qli zdidqokulg >7(20$/( elk eo~t~tk ~d~tlo edk`lk cdiliztlk utumq 2(20$/+ f+ Cmkeo~o Dc~udqklh Dc~udqklh Zdkydhdk``l Zdkydhdk``lqllk qllk ZCAI

Blcumq)blcumq dc~udqklh oooedkuobocl~o ~dal`lo adqoctu+

zdkydhdk``lqllk

ZCAI

elhli

zdkdhouolk oko

O/ Zdiaokllk

Zdiaokllk zlel zdkydhdk``lqllk ZCAI eohlctclk mhdg Zdkohoc elk elqo tk~tq Aoelk` ZKBO Eokl~ Zdkeoeoclk Cmul @mqmkulhm ~dul elqo tk~tq bmqti ZCAI aloc eo uok`clu Cmul iltztk Uok`clu Zqmrok~o @mqmkulhm+ Bqdctdk~o zdiaokllk elhli ~lut ulgtk elzlu eoqokno ~dal`lo adqoctu6 < ulgtk ~dclho ~dalkylc 14$( idkylulclk 1 clho elhli ~dulgtk ~dalkylc 14$( > clho elhli ~dulgtk ~dalkylc >4$( 5 clho elhli ~dulgtk ~dalkylc <4$( elk qd~zmkedk ylk` idkylulclk hdaog elqo 5 clho ~dalkylc <4$+ Iludqo ylk` eoadqoclk eo ZCAI ~dnlql cd~dhtqtglk idknlctz iludqo6 zdk`dhmhllk ZCAI( zdk`dhmhllk Zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk( cdlc~lqllk( cdpoqlt~lgllk( Zdkeoeoclk lklc t~ol eoko( ctq~t~ elk zdhluoglk( cdl`lillk( zdhlylklk okbmqil~o edk`lk idi``tklhlk udckoc aoiaok`lk okeoroetlh( aoiaok`lk cdhmizmc( iltztk edk`lk idk``tklclk ideol+ 1/ Flqok`lk Okbmqil~o elk Cdqfl ^lil 'Cdiouqllk/ ZCAI


Zl`d 22

Fdko~ Hdial`l Iouql ylk` idkflhok cdqfl ~lil edk`lk ZCAI lkulql hlok6 Eokl~ Cmzdql~o elk TCI( Eokl~ Zdqoket~uqolk elk Zdqel`lk`lk( Eokl~ Udkl`l Cdqfl( Etkol T~lgl- Etkol Oket~uqo( AZCA( ^CA( Umcmg Il~ylqlclu Il~ylqlclu elk Zdq`tqtlk Uok`ò cgt~t~kyl ftqt~lk Zdieoeoclk Zdieoeoclk Htlq ^dcmhlg elhli zdiaokllk elk zdkydhdk``lqllk ZCAI+ ^dhlok flhoklk cdqfl ~lil edk`lk ok~ulk~o udqclou eo lul~( zdkohoc idk`dulgto lelkyl flhoklk cdiouqllk lkulql ZCAI edk`lk ZCAI hlokkyl+ >/ Elizlc Zqm`qli Zdiadhlflqlk

Elizlc zqm`qli zdiadhlflqlk ZCAI elhli adkutc zdhtlk` cdqfl alò plq`l adhlflq zlel ZCAI ~dalkylc 5:$+ Elizlc zqm`qli zdiadhlflqlk ZCAI elhli adkutc zdkok`clulk zdkelzlulk plq`l adhlflq zlel ZCAI ~dalkylc 5:$+ Elizlc zdiadhlflqlk ylk` eozdqmhdg( zlel titkyl plq`l adhlflq adqzdkelzlu elzlu idkok`cluclk cdiliztlk elk e lk cdudqlizohlk cdudqli zohlk plq`l adhlflq adhlflq 0:$/ 0:$/++ Adqel~lqclk gl~oh ma~dqrl~o algpl cdòlulk cd` olulk zdiadhlflqlk zlel cdetl ZCAI ylk` lel eo Cmul @mqmkulhm( aloc elqo ulglz zdqdknlkllkkyl( zdk`mq`lko~l~olk( zdhlc~lkllk( zdiaokllk( zdkohlolk iltztk zdk`dialk`lk adhti mzuoilh+ Zdkok`clulk zdqohlct-~oclz ~m~olh ylk` eoiohoco plq`l adhlflq adhti klizlc+ Cmkeo~o mafdcuob zdiadhlflqlk eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm elzlu eohoglu lel `lialq 5+< adqoctu oko6

ZDQDKNLKLLK Zqm Zqm qli qli Zdia Zdiadh dhl l lqlk lqlk

Zdhlc~lkllk Zdiadhlflqlk

Drlhtl~o

Mtuztu Zdk`dulgtlk(


Zl`d 20

@lialq 5+<+ Cmkeo~o Mafdcuob Zdiadhlflqlk zlel Zqm`qli Zlcdu A Cmul @mqmkulhm

1+

Zdk`dialk`lk Imedh Zdiadhlflqlk

Imedh cmk~dzutlh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob algo zdkok`cluk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk Zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm( elzlu eoed~cqoz~oclk ~dal`lo adqoctu+ l+ El~lq Zdiocoqlk

Zqm`lqi Zlcdu A eozdqtkutcclk alò plq`l adhlflq ylk` adql~lh elqo il~ylqlclu ylk` ctqlk` adqtkutk`( uoelc zdqklg ~dcmhlg( ztut~ ~dcmhlg elk ztut~ hlkftu( ~dqul t~ol zqmetcuob ylk` okòk idkok`cluclk zdk`dulgtlk elk cdnlclzlk goetz( elk plq`l il~ylqlclu hlok ylk` ididqhtclk hlylklk cgt~t~ elhli ididktgo cdatutglk goetzkyl ~dal`lo elizlc elqo zdqtalglk zdkok`clulk ulqlb goetz( ohit zdk`dulgtlk elk udckmhmò+ Edboko~o idk`dklo ~dulql lelhlg ~dzlelk elhli noroh dbbdnu( tctqlk( zdk`lqtg( btk`~o elk cdetetclk+ ^dal`loilkl udqnlkuti elhli Tkelk`)Tkelk` Km+ 1: Ulgtk 1::> udkulk` udkulk` ô~udi Zdkeoeo Zdkeoeoclk clk Kl~omklh( Kl~omklh( zl~lh zl~lh 12 12 lylu 2/ algpl algpl gl~oh Zdkeoeo Zdke oeoclk clk kmkbmqil kmkbm qilhh elzlu eoglq`lo ~dulql edk`lk gl~oh zqm`qli Zdkeoeoclk bmqilh ~dudhlg idhlhto zqm~d~ zdkohlolk zdkydulqllk mhdg hdial`l ylk` eoutkftc mhdg zdidqokulg lult zdidqokulg eldqlg edk`lk idk`lnt zlel ~ulkelq kl~omklh Zdkeoeoclk+ Mhdg clqdkl out( zdk`dquolk idk`dklo Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk Zqm`qli Zlcdu A lelhlg flhtq Zdkeoeoclk kmkbmqilh edk`lk ~ulkelq cmizdudk~o htht~lk ylk` ~lil edk`lk ~dcmhlg bmqilh uok`clu ÎZ-IU~( udulzo cmkudk( cmkudc~( idumemhmò( elk zdkedclulk tkutc idknlzlo ~ulkelq cmizdudk~o htht~lk udq~datu hdaog idiadqoclk cmk~dz)cmk~dz udqlzlk( udiluoc( oketcuob( ylk` udqclou edk`lk zdqil~lhlglk hok`ctk`lk+Edk`lk ediocolk zlel cmizdudk~o htht~lk htht~lk Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk Zqm`qli Zlcdu A eoadqo nlululk cgt~t~ zdiohoclk cdudqlizohlk tkutc ididktgo utkutulk etkol cdqfl+ Zdqadellk oko eo~dalaclk lhdg cdcgl~lk clqlcudqo~uoc plq`l adhlflq ylk` clqdkl adqal`lo glh uoelc idkòctuo flhtq bmqilh clqdkl ididqhtclk idi dqhtclk ~ta~ulk~o zqlcuoclh ylk` yl k` qdhdrlk odk`lk cdgoetzlk cdgoetzlk kylul+ kylul+ Zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk eohlc~lklclk edk`lk idk``tklclk zdkedclulk ylk` hdaog oketcuob( cmk~uqtcuob( ~dqul cmmzdqluob idhlhto zdkdclklk zlel zdqil~lhlglk hok`ctk`lk ~dqul zdknlqolk ~mht~o edk`lk zdkedclulk iulq cdohitlk ylk` uoelc udq~dclu) ~dclu ~dgok``l hdaog qdhdrlk edk`lk cdgoetzlk ~dglqo)glqo+ Adqcloulk edk`lk out( ~o~udi zdiadhlflqlk 'edhordqy ~y~udi/ eoqlknlk` ~dediocolk qtzl l`lq idiohoco cdctlulk udq~dkeoqo( tkutc idk`dialk`clk cdnlclzlk cmizqdgdk~ob elk cmizduouob ylk` adq`tkl elhli zdkok`clulk cdiliztlk adhlflq ~dzlkflk` glylu+ Zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk Zdkeoeoclk zqm`qli Zlcdu A hdaog idkouocadqluclk zdk`dklhlk zdqil~lhlglk hok`ctk`lk ~dqul nlql adqzocoq tkutc ididnlgclkkyl idhlhto zdkedclulk lkulqeo~ozhok ohit ylk` dhdrlk edk`lk zdqil~lhlglk ylk` ~delk` eozdnlgclk+ Zdkohlolkkyl hdaog kdk`tulilclk tfo cmizdudk~o+ Zdk`dialk`lk Zdk`di alk`lk imedh Cmmzdqluob Cmmzdql uob tkutc kdkok`clucl kdkok`cluclk k cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk Zqm`qli Zlcdu A eohlkel~clk lul~ l~zdc udmqduoc cmk~dzutlh( ytqoeo~( elk dizoqoc ~dgok``l hlkuokyl elzlu eozdqulk``tk`flplaclk ~dnlql ohiolg elk idiohoco uok`clu o~oaohoul~ ylk` uok`ò tkutc eooizhdidkul~oclk+


Zl`d 27

a+ Hlkel~lk Cmk~dzutlh

Hlkel~lk cmk~dzutlh ylk` eofleoclk qtftclk elhli zdk`dialk`lk imedh oko lelhlg cmk~dz el~lq zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob+ Elhli idk``tklclk imedh adhlflq nmmzdqluord hdlqkok` eo elhl el hli i cdhl~ udqil~tc zlel zqm`qli Zlcdu Zlcdu A( lel adadqlzl cmk~dz idkel~lq ylk` zdqht eozdqgluoclk elk eotzlylclk mhdg utumq+ Utumq edk`lk cdetetclkkyl ~dal`lo zdqlknlk` elk zdhlc~lkl zdiadhlflqlk elhli idk``tklclk imedh oko gli~ ididqgluoclk adadqlzl cmk~dz el~lq ylk` idqtzlclk el~lq)el~lq cmk~dzutlh elhli zdk``tkllk nmmzdqluord hdlqkok`+ Lelztk zqok~oz)zqok~oz el~lq udq~datu idktqtu ûlgh 
^dadhti idk``tklclk ~uqludò zdiadhlflqlk( utumq gdkelckyl idithlo edk`lk idqtit~clk utftlk zdiadhlflqlk edk`lk fdhl~ elk ~zd~oboc+ Utftlk udq~datu idkylk`ctu lzl ylk` eookòkclk mhdg utumqtkutc eohlctclk mhdg plq`l adhlflq elhli cdòlulk adhlflqkyl+ Zdqtit~lk utftlk glqt~ eo~d~tloclk edk`lk utftlk ctqocthti elk utftlk zdiadhlflqlk+ Lzlclg cdòlulk adhlflq plq`l adhlflq eoudclkclk zlel zdilglilk iludqo zdhlflqlk( ~oclz( elk zqm~d~ elhli adcdqfl ~lil( lultclg cdudqlizohlk udqudkut+ Utftlk glqt~ eoqtit~clk elhli algl~l elk cmkudc~ clhoilu ylk` itelg eoidk`dquo mhdg plq`l adhlflq ~dnlql cd~dhtqtglk+ Glh oko gdkelckyl eohlctclk mhdg utumq~dadhti cdhmizmc adhlflq udqadkutc+ 1/+ 1/+ Zdkdqoillk ylk` Idkydhtqtg mhdg Plq`l adhlflq udkulk` Utftlk Adhlflq

Utumq gdkelckyl ilizt idk`cmkeo~oclk cdhl~ l`lq plq`l adhlflq idkdqoil utftlk zdiadhlflqlk elqo ~tetu cdzdkuok`lk eoqo elk cdzdkuok`lk cdhl~+ Mhdg clqdkl out( plq`l adhlflq eocmkeo~oclk tkutc idk`dulgto elk idkdqoil cdkylullk algpl ~duolz mqlk` elhli cdhmizmckyl idkdqoil eoqokyl tkutc adcdqfl ~lil elhli idizdhlflqo ~dzdqlk`clu zdk`dulgtlk elk cdudqlizohlk ylk` udhlg eoudulzclk tkutc eozdhlflqo+ >/+ Cdudq`lku Cdud q`lkutk`lk tk`lk ylk` Adq~oblu Adq~obl u Zm~ouob Zm~ ouob

Tkutc idk`mkeo~oclk udqfleokyl okudqedzdkedk~o eo lkulql plq`l adhlflq elhli cdhmizmc adhlflq( ilcl utumqglqt~ idk`mq`lko~l~oclk iludqo elk ut`l~)ut`l~ zdhlflqlk ~dgok``l plq`l adhlflq idilglio elk itk`cok tkutc idhlctclk glh out elhli cdhmizmckyl Fmgk~mk( du lh+(
Elhli cdhmizmc adhlflq( okudqlc~o ylk` udqfleo adq~oblu hlk`~tk` elk udqatcl elhli idkeo~ct~oclk ilude elk ut`l~)ut`l~ ylk` eoadqoclk mhdg utumq+ ^tl~lkl adhlflq ~dzdquo out lclk idialkut idktiatgclk ~oclz cdudq`lkutk`lk ylk` zm~ouob elk cdudqatcllk eo clhlk`lk plq`l adhlflq tkutc idizdqmhdg cdadqgl~ohlk elhli adhlflqkyl+ Idqdcl lclk ~lhok` idiadqo elk idkdqoil il~tclk( oed( ~lqlk( elk cqouoc elqo udilkkyl ~dnlql zm~ouob elk udqatcl+ 4/+ Ulk``tk` Flpla Okeoroet


Zl`d 2?

^lhlg ~lut el~lq zdk``tkllk nmmzdqluord hdlqkok` elhli zdiadhlflqlk lelhlg algpl cdadqgl~ohlk adhlflq lclk hdaog itk`cok eonlzlo ~dnlql hdaog aloc lzlaohl eohlctclk edk`lk adq~lil)~lil+ Mhdg clqdkl out( cdadqgl~ohlk adhlflq elhli imedh adhlflq ~uqludò oko eozdk`lqtgo mhdg cdiliztlk okeoroet plq`l adhlflq elhli idkdqoil elk idiadqo lzl ylk` udhlg eozdhlflqo)kyl eo lkulql plq`l adhlflq hlokkyl+ ^dgok``l ~dnlql okeoroetlh plq`l adhlflq idiztkylo etl ulk``tk` flpla( ylout idk`dqflclk elk idilglio iludqo lult ut`l~ alò cdadqgl~ohlk eoqokyl elk ft`l alò cdadqgl~ohlk lk``mul cdhmizmckyl ~d~tlo edk`lk utftlk zdiadhlflqlk ylk` udhlg eoudulzclk+

2/+ Cdhmizmc Adq~oblu Gdudqm`dk

Elhli zdiadkutclk cdhmizmc adhlflq( cdlk``mullk cdhmizmc glqt~ adq~oblu gdudqm`dk ~dgok``l okudqlc~o cdqfl ~lil ylk` udqfleo idqtzlclk lctithl~o elqo adqal`lo clqlcudqo~uoc plq`l adhlflq ylk` adqadel+ Elhli ~tl~lkl adhlflq ~dzdquo out lclk utiatg elk adqcdialk` kohlo( ~oclz( imqlh( elk zdqohlct plq`l adhlflq+ Cmkeo~o oko idqtzlclk ideol ylk` ~lk`lu aloc alò plq`l adhlflq tkutc idk`dialk`clk cdiliztlk elk idhluog cdudq cdudqliz lizohlk ohlk eoqokyl elhli ~tl~lkl adhlflq ylk` yl k` udqatcl elk edimcqluo~+ edimcqlu o~+ 0/+ Okudqlc~o ôclz elk Zdqohlct ^m~olh ylk` Zm~ouob

Elhli idk`dqflclk ut`l~ cdhmizmc( plq`l adhlflq adcdqfl elhli cdhmizmc ~dal`lo ~tlut cdhmizmc cdqfl ~lil+ Elhli okudqlc~o edk`lk plq`l adhlflq hlokkyl plq`l adhlflq uoelc adòut ~lfl ao~l idkdqlzclk elk idilc~lclk ~oclz elk zdkeoqolkkyl zlel lk``mul cdhmizmc hlokkyl+ Zlel cdòlulk adcdqfl elhli cdhmizmc( plq`l adhlflq glqt~ adhlflq al`loilkl idkok`)cluclk cdiliztlk okudqlc~okyl elhli idioizok( adqeo~ct~o( adqkd`m~ol~o( elk idk`chlqobocl~o adqal`lo il~lhlg elhli idkydhd~loclk ut`l~)ut`l~ cdhmizmc+ Elhli glh oko utumqglqt~ idialkut plq`l adhlflq idkfdhl~clk al`loilkl ~oclz elk zdqohlct ylk` aloc elhli adcdqfl ~lil ylk` ao~l eo`tklclk mhdg plq`l adhlflq elhli cdhmizmc adhlflqkyl+ Zdqohlct)zdqohlct udq~datu udqil~tc cdzdioizoklk( zdk`dialk`lk cdzdqnlyllk( adqcmitkocl~o( idkydhd~loclk il~lhlg( idkylizloclk cqouoc( elk zdql~llk)zdql~llk zdql~llk)zdql~llk ~m~olh+ Edk`lk ~dkeoqokyl plq`l adhlflq elzlu idizdhlfl idizd hlflqo qo elk idizqlcuocclk adqal`lo ~oclz elk zdqohlct ~m~olh ~m~olh elhli ~tl~lkl ~tl~lkl cdhmizmc adhlflqkyl+ 7/+ Uokelc Hlkftu ' Bmhhmp Tz/

^dudhlg il~ok`)il~ok` cdhmizmc adhlflq idkydhd~loclk ut`l~ elk zdcdqfllkkyl( ~dhlkftukyl zdqht eolklho~o~ al`loilkl zdklizohlk elk gl~oh cdqfl plq`l adhlflq elhli cdhmizmc adhlflqkyl( udqil~tc ft`l6 l/ al`loilkl gl~oh cdqfl ylk` eogl~ohclk( a/ al`loilkl idqdcl idialkut lk``mul cdhmizmckyl elhli idk`dquo elk idilglio iludqo elk il~lhlg ylk` eoalgl~( n/ al`loilkl ~oclz elk zdqohlct idqdcl elhli okudqlc~o cdhmizmc adhlflq alò cdadqgl~ohlk cdhmizmckyl( elk e/ lzl ylk` idqdcl atutgclk atutgclk tkutc idkok`cluclk cdadqgl~ohlk cdhmizmc adhlflqkyl eo cditeolk glqo+ Mhdg clqdkl out( utumq glqt~ idk`drlhtl~o elk idiadqoclk adqal`lo il~tclk udqglelz gl~oh zdcdqfllk plq`l adhlflq elk lcuoroul~ idqdcl ~dhlil cdhmizmc adhlflq plq`l adhlflq udq~datu adcdqfl+ Elhli glh oko( utumqglqt~ idiadqoclk cd~dizlulk cdzlel plq`l adhlflq tkutc idk`ditclclk oed elk ~lqlk( aloc cdzlel plq`l adhlflq hlokkyl iltztk cdzlel utumqelhli utumqelhli qlk`cl qlk`cl zdqaloclk zdqaloclk adhlflq elqo gl~ohkyl gl~oh kyl eo cditeolk glqo+ gl qo+ ?/+

Cdztl~lk elhli Adhlflq


Zl`d 0:

^duolz plq`l adhlflq elk cdhmizmc glqt~ idizdqmhdg plcut ylk` ntctz tkutc adhlflq elhli idk`dialk`clk zdk`dulgtlk( cdiliztlk( elk cdudqlizohlk cdudqlizohlkkyl+ kyl+ Lzlaohl plq`l adhlflq uoelc idizdqmhdg plcut ylk` ntctz elhli adhlflq( ilcl cdtkutk`lk lcledio~ elqo zdk``tkllk nmmzdqluord hdlqkok` lclk ~lk`lu udqalul~ ûlgh( / elzlu eofdhl~clk ~dnlql mzdql~omklh ~dal`lo adqoctu+ Hlk`clg zdqulil ylk` eohlctclk mhdg utumq lelhlg idqlknlk` qdknlkl zqm`qli zdiadhlflqlk+ Zlel hlk`clg oko utumqidizdquoialk`clk elk idkdulzclk ulq`du zdiadhlflqlk ylk` okòk eonlzlo elhli zdiadhlflqlk+ Eo ~lizok` out( utumqztk idkdulzclk ~oclz elk cdudqlizohlk ~m~olh ylk` eoglqlzclk eocdialk`clk elk eozdqhogluclk mhdg plq`l adhlflq ~dhlil adqhlk`~tk`kyl zdiadhlflqlk+ Utumqelhli idqlknlk` zqm`qli zdiadhlflqlk glqt~ idk`mq`lko~l~oclk iludqo elk ut`l~)ut`l~ plq`l adhlflq ylk` idkndqiokclk ~o~udi cdqfl elhli cdhmizmc cdnoh+ Lquokyl( algpl iludqo elk ut`l~)ut`l~ out lelhlg tkutc eoadhlflqclk elk eocdqflclk ~dnlql adq~lil elhli eoidk~o cdqfl cdhmizmc+ Tkutc idithlo zdiadhl)flqlkkyl( utumqglqt~ idkfdhl~clk utftlk elk ~oclz ~dqul cdudqlizohlk ~m~olh ylk` okòk eonlzlo elk eozdqhogluclk mhdg plq`l adhlflq ~dhlil zdiadhlflqlk+ Glh oko ituhlc glqt~ eohlctclk mhdg utumq( clqdkl edk`lk ediocolk plq`l adhlflq ulgt elk idilglio lzl ylk` glqt~ eohlctclkkyl ~dhlil zqm~d~ adhlflq idk`lflq adqhlk`~tk`+


Zl`d 0<

Hlk`clg cdetl ( elhli lzhocl~o zdiadhlflqlk eo cdhl~( utumq idqlknlk` hdialq ma~dqrl~o ylk` lclk eo`tklclk tkutc idk`ma~dqrl~o cdòlulk plq`l adhlflq elhli adhlflq ~dnlql adq~lil elhli cdhmizmc)cdhmizmc cdnoh+ Elhli idkylizloclk iludqo( utumquoelc hlò idkylizloclk iludqo ~dnlql zlkflk` hdalq( clqdkl zdilglilk elk zdkelhlilk iludqo udq~datu klkuokyl lclk eohlctclk plq`l adhlflq cduocl adhlflq ~dnlql adq~lil elhli cdhmizmc+ Utumqglkyl idkfdhl~clk zmcmc)zmcmc iludqo edk`lk utftlk plq`l adhlflq idiztkylo plpl~lk elk mqodkul~o ylk` idilelo udkulk` iludqo ylk` eolflqclk+ Zlel ~llu utumq~dhd~lo idkylfoclk iludqo( hlk`clg adqoctukyl ylk` glqt~ eohlctclk lelhlg idk``lho zdk`dulgtlk elk zdilglilk plq`l adhlflq udkulk` iludqo zdhlflqlk adqel~lqclk lzl ylk` udhlg eoadhlflqclk+ Glh oko eoilc~teclk tkutc idk`mkeo~oclk cd~olzlk adhlflq plq`l adhlflq+ Adqoctukyl( utumqidiaoiaok` plq`l adhlflq tkutc idiatlu cdhmizmc+ Zdilglilk elk cmk~dz~o utumq udqglelz plq`l adhlflq ~dnlql okeoroetlh ~lk`lu idkdkutclk cdadq~lillk elqo cdhmizmc ylk` udqadkutc+ Cdòlulk oko eohlctclk ~liaoh idkfdhl~clk ut`l~ ylk` glqt~ eohlctclk mhdg plq`l adhlflq elhli cdhmizmckyl cdhmizmckyl il~ok`)il~ok`+ il~ok`)il~ok`+ Zlel ~llu plq`l plq`l adhlflq adhlflq ~dnlql adqc dhmiz dh miz mc( ilcl utumqithlo idhlctclk imkoumqok` elk idk`ma~dqrl~o cdòlulk adhlflq plq`l adhlflq adhlflq adqel~lqclk adqel~lqclk hdialq hdialq ma~dqrl~o ma~dqrl~o ylk` udhlg eoqlknlk` eoqlkn lk` ~dadhtikyl ~da dhtikyl++ Hlk`clg cduo`l ( elhli idhlctclk ma~dqrl~o udqglelz cdòlulk plq`l adhlflq( utumqidk`lqlgclk elk idiaoiaok` plq`l adhlflq( aloc ~dnlql okeoroetlh iltztk cdhmizmc( aloc elhli idilglio iludqo ilt)ztk idk`dklo ~oclz elk zdqohlct plq`l adhlflq ~dhlil cdòlulk adhlflq adqhlk`~tk`+ Zdiadqolk ztfolk elk cqouoc idialk`tk elqo utumqcdzlel plq`l adhlflq idqtzlclk l~zdc zdkuok` ylk` glqt~ eozdqgl eozdqgluoc uoclk lk mhdg mhdg utumqzlel ~llu plq`l adhlflq adcdqfl elhli cdhmizmckyl+ Eo ~lizok` out( zlel ~llu cdòlulk cdhmizmc adqhlk`~tk`( cduocl plq`l adhlflq udqhoalu elhli eo~ct~o elhli il~ok`) il~ok` cdhmizmc( utumq~dnlql zdqomeoc idiadqoclk hlylklk cdzlel plq`l adhlflq( aloc ~dnlql okeoroetlh iltztk ~dnlql chl~oclh+ ( utumq idiadqoclk cd~dizlulk cdzlel plq`l adhlflq elqo Hlk`clg cddizlu il~ok`)il~ok` cdhmizmc tkutc idizqd~dkul~oclk gl~oh cdqflkyl+ Zlel ~llu eo~ct~o cdhl~ oko( utumq adquokelc ~dal`lo imedqlumq+ Glh oko eoilc~teclk tkutc idk`lqlgclk elk idk`mqdc~o zdk`dquolk elk zdilglilk plq`l adhlflq udqglelz iludqo lult gl~oh cdqfl ylk` udhlg eoulizohclkkyl+ Zlel ~llu zqd~dkul~o plq`l adhlflq adqlcgoq( utumq idk`lflc plq`l adhlflq tkutc idhlctclk qdbhdc~o eoqo udqglelz zqm~d~ flhlkkyl zdiadhlflqlk( edk`lk utftlk tkutc idizdqaloco cdhdilglk)cdhdilglk ylk` lel lult ~oclz ~dqul zdqohlct idkyoizlk` ylk` eohlctclk ~dhlil zdiadhlflqlk+ Eo ~lizok` out( zlel ~llu udq~datu( utumq ft`l idiadqoclk adadqlzl zdkdclklk udqglelz kohlo( ~oclz( elk zdqohlct ~m~olh ylk` glqt~ eocdialk`clk elk eohluog mhdg plq`l adhlflq+ Elhli idhlctclk qdbhdc~o eoqo oko( utumqudulz adqzdqlk ~dal`lo ideolumq elk imedqlumq lcuob+ Lquokyl( zdk`dialk`lk oed( ~lqlk( elk cqouoc udqglelz zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk glqt~ eotzlylclk adql~lh elqo plq`l adhlflq( cditeolk alqthlg utumqidhlctclk adadqlzl zdqaloclk elk zdk`lqlglk udqglelz oed( ~lqlk( elk cqouoc ylk` adqcdialk`+

Zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob idqtzlclk imedh zdiadhlflqlk ylk` idk`tulilclk cdqfl~lil eolkulql plq`l adhlflq tkutc idknlzlo utftlk zdiadhlflqlk+ Zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob idiohoco noqo)noqo6 / focl elhli cdhl~ udqelzlu plq`l adhlflq)plq`l adhlflq ylk` gdudqm`dk ql~( ~tct( atelyl( elk fdko~ cdhliok( ilcl eotzlylclk l`lq uolz cdhmizmc udqelzlu cdgdudqm`dklk udq~datu+ 5/ zdk`glq`llk hdaog eotulilclk zlel cdqfl cdhmizmc elqozlel zdqmqlk`lk+


Zl`d 01

Utftlk Zdiadhlflqlk Cmmzdqluob3 / Zdk`dialk`lk cdudqlizohlk ~m~olh( ylout tkutc idk`dialk`clk cdudqlizohlk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq eolkulqlkyl6 adqalò ut`l~( lcuob adqulkyl( idk`glq`lo zdkelzlu mqlk` hlok( idilknok` udilk tkutc adqulkyl( ilt idk`tk`clzclk oed( elk adcdqfl elhli cdhmizmc+ Zdk``tkllk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ~dglqt~kyl idkòctuo hlk`clg)hlk`clg lult zqm~detq udqudkut elhli zdk``tkllkkyl+ Glh oko eoilc~teclk l`lq zdk``tkllk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob elzlu dbdcuob idkok`cluclk cdiliztlk adhlflq elk gl~oh adhlflq plq`l adhlflq+ Clqho elk _tholqoluokok`~og 1::16 01/ idk`ditclclk hlk`clg)hlk`clg elhli zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob( ylout6 / Utumq idk`lqlgclk elk idiaoiaok` plq`l adhlflq aloc ~dnlql okeoroet iltztk cdhmizmc+ 5/ Idiadqoclk cd~dizlulk cdzlel plq`l adhlflq tkutc idizdq~dkul~dclk gl~oh cdqflkyl+ Cddizlu hlk`clg)hlk`clg hlk`clg)hlk`clg elhli zdiadhlflqlk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob eo lul~ eotqloclk eotqloclk ~dal`lo adqoctu6 / Elhli idhlctclk cdòlulk ma~dqrl~o udqglelz plq`l adhlflq( utumq idk`lqlgclk elk idiaoiaok` plq`l adhlflq( aloc ~dnlql okeoroetlh iltztk cdhmizmc( elhli zdilglilk iludqo iltztk idk`dklo ~oclz elk zdqohlct plq`l adhlflq ~dhlil adqhlk`~tk`kyl zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk+ 5/ Hlk`clg ~dhlkftukyl lelhlg utumq idiadqoclk cd~dizlulk cdzlel plq`l adhlflq tkutc idizdq~dkul~dclk gl~oh cdqflkyl+ Utumq ft`l idiadqoclk zdkdclklk udqglelz kohlo( ~oclz( elk zdqohlct ~m~olh ylk` eocdialk`clk elk eohluog mhdg zlql plq`l adhlflq elhli e lhli cdhl~+ Oaqlgoi 1:::6 <:/ idk`ditclclk hlk`clg)hlk`clg imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ylk` udqeoqo lul~ 2 hlk`clg( ylout6 / Idk`mq`lko~l~oclk plq`l adhlflq cd elhli cdhmizmc) cdhmizmc adhlflq+ 5/ Idiaoiaok` cdhmizmc adcdqfl elk adhlflq+ 4/ Drlhtl~o+ 2/ Idiadqoclk zdk`glq`llk Hlk`clg)hlk`clg eo lul~ idktkftcclk algpl zdhlflqlk eoithlo ylout utumq idkylizloclk utftlk zdhlflqlk elk idimuorl~o plq`l adhlflq tkutc adhlflq+ hlk`clg oko eooctuo mhdg zdkylfolk okbmqil~o( ~dqok`clho edk`lk alglk alnllk elqozlel ~dnlql rdqalh+ ^dhlkftukyl plq`l adhlflq eocdhmizmcclk cd elhli uoi)uoi adhlflq+ Ulglz oko eooctuo


Zl`d 0>

aoiaok`lk utumq zlel ~llu plq`l adhlflq adcdqfl adq~lil tkutc idkydhd~loclk ut`l~ adq~lil idqdcl+ Hlk`clg udqlcgoq zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob idhoztuo zqd~dkul~o gl~oh lcgoq cdqfl cdhmizmc lult drlhtl~o udkulk` lzl ylk` udhlg idqdcl zdhlflqo elk idiadqo zdk`glq`llk udqglelz t~lgl)t~lgl cdhmizmc iltztk okeoroet l`lq plq`l adhlflq elzlu udqimuorl~o elhli idkòctuo imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob lult cdqfl cdhmizmc+ Fleo zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ~lk`lu zm~ouob elhli idktiatgclk cdadq~lillk elhli adhlflq zlel ~duolz plq`l adhlflq ~dclho`t~ idktkutu cd~lelqlk elqo plq`l adhlflq tkutc lcuob elhli cdhmizmc( clqdkl focl lel plq`l adhlflq ylk` zl~ob elhli cdhmizmc ilcl glh out elzlu idizdk`lqtgo ctlhoul~ zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob cgt~t~kyl adqcloulk edk`lk qdkelgkyl cdqfl~lil elhli cdhmizmc+ Edk`lk ediocolk elzluhlg eo~oizthclk algpl udqelzlu etl cdòlulk tulil elhli zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ylout cdòlulk utumq eli cdòlulk plq`l adhlflq+ Eo ~lizok` out zdialgl~lk imedh cmk~dzutlh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob tkutc zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zqm`qli zlcdu A eo ZCAI Ulilk Zdkeoeoclk Cmul @mqmkulhm( elzlu eoed~cqoz~oclk ~dal`lo adqoctu+ Elhli el~lq zdiocoqlk eotk`clzclk algpl imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob tkutc zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh adhlflq plq`l adhlflq(adqzoflc zlel hlkel~lk cmk~dzutlh( hlkel~lk ytqoeo~( hlkel~lk dizoqoc+ Glh oko lilu zdkuok` clqdkl ~tlut imedh ~dhlok glqt~ idiohoco zoflclk udmqo ylk` cmcmg elk eoel~lqclk zdk`lhlilk dizoqoc ylk` udqtfo( ft`l glqt~ adqlel zlel cmqoemq elk qliat)qliat gtcti ylk` idilytkòkyl+ ^ditl ^ditl out udhlg eozdktgo elhli zdk`dialk`lk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob tkutc zdkok`cluk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zqm`qli zlcdu A eo ZCAI Ulilk ZdkeoeoclkCmul @mqmkulhm+ Hlkel~lk cmk~dzutlh ylk` eofleoclk zoflclk elhli zdk`dialk`lk imedh lelhlg detnluomk bmq lhh elk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob nmmzdqluord hdlqkok`/ elk cmk~dz cdndqel~lk ~m~olh ^mnolh Okudhho`dknd/+ Zdiohoglk hlkel~lk cmk~dzutlh ~dzdquo out ~telg eozlkelk` ntctz idkel~lq elk cmizqdgdk~ob tkutc zdk`dialk`lk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zdkeoeoclk zqm`qli zlcdu A eo ZCAI ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm+ Adqcdkllk edk`lk hlkel~lk ytqoeo~ ~dal`lo zlytk` gtcti elk cdaoflclk ylk` idkfleo hd`lhoul~ elk lctkulaohoul~ zlel uok`clu oizhdidkul~o imedh ylk` eo~t~tk( elhli zdkdhouolk oko eozohog TTE elk Okzqd~ Kmimq 4 Ulgtk 1::2 udkulk` @dqlclk Kl~omklh Zdqndzlulk Plflq Eocel~ ? ulgtk elk Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk elk Cdzidk Eockl~ udkulk` zdhlc~lkllk @dqlclk Kl~omklh Zdqndzlulk Plflq Eocel~ ? ulgtk elk Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk+ Imedh ylk` eo~t~tk udhlg eo ~d~tloclk ~d~tloclk edk`lk qliat) qliat ylk` lel elhli zlytk` gtcti udq~datu+ Edk`lk ediocolk( imedh ylk` eocdialk`clk uoelc adqudkulk`lk edk`lk cdudkutlk ylk` adqhlct elhli zdkydhdk``lqllk zdkeoeoclk zlel titikyl elk zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zqm`qli zlcdu A zlel cgt~t~kyl+ ^dhlok adqhlkel~clk lntlk cmk~dzutlh elk ytqoeo~( imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zqm`qli zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm ft`l eoel~lqclk zlel uditlk dizoqoc adqtzl gl~oh zdkdhouolk ulglz zdkelgthtlk idk`dklo okbmqil~o lult elul ylk` eozdqhtclk elqo il~ylqlclu ~dcoulq elk cdhmizmc ~l~lqlk+ Elul cmkeo~o qooh zdiadhlflqlk oko ~dal`loilkl eotk`clzclk elhli alòlk lplh gl~oh zdkdhouolk eofleoclk zoflclk elhli zdk`dialk`lk imedh+ Edk`lk ediocolk( imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob tkutc zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq adhlfl q zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk cd~dulq llk zqm`qli zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm @mqmkulhm ~dhlok ~dhlok cmcmg


Zl`d 05

~dnlql cmk~dzutlh elk ytqoeo~ ft`l idiohoco bo~oaohoul~ elk lelzulaohoul~ ylk` uok`ò tkutc eolzhocl~oclk elhli zqlcuoc zdiadhlflqlk kylul eo hlzlk`lk+ Utftlk titi Zdiadhlflqlk Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk Zqm`qli Zlcdu A lelhlg tkutc idiadqoclk zdkeoeoclk ~dulql ÎZ-IU~ l`lq elzlu idiohoco zqd~ul~o lcledioc elk zdk`tl~llk cdudqlizohlk zqlcuo~ ylk` elzlu eofleoclk adclh tkutc adcdqfl elk adqt~lgl+ ^delk`clk ~dnlql cgt~t~( utftlk zdiadhlflqlk zqm`qli zlcdu A lelhlg6 / Idhlc~lklclk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zqm`qli zlcdu A adqal~o~ cdtk``thlk zmudk~o hmclh3 5/ Idiadqelylclk ZCAI tkutc adqzlquo~ozl~o idialkut idk`tqlkò ftihlg ztut~ fdkflk` Ê-IO elk eqmz mtu ÎZ-IU~3 4/ Idkok`cluclk cdiliztlk plq`l adhlflq idialnl( l`lq idqdcl elzlu ididnlgclk il~lhlg elhli cdgoetzlk ~dglqo)glqo3 2/ Idiadqelylclk udkl`l hmclh ylk` zmudk~olh tkutc idk`dhmhl ~tiadq elyl ylk` lel eo hok`ctk`lkkyl3 0/ Idkok`cluclk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq idhlhto zdiaokllk plulc cdpoqlt~lgllk+ Utftlk zdiadhlflqlk ylk` eoqtit~clk out ~dhlok idknlzlo ~ulkelq cmizdudk~o htht~lk ft`l idkdclkclk cdzlel zdiaokllk idkulh elk plulc tkutc ~lhok` idialkut ~dnlql zm~ouob+ Edk`lk ediocolk( htht~lk ylk` idk``tklclk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob tkutc zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zqm`qli zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm cdndqel~lk ~m~olhkyl hdaog uok`ò edk`lk htht~lk Zlcdu A hlokkyl+ hlokkyl+ Eo ~lizok` out utftlk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob adqadel edk`lk cdhmizmc cmkrdk~omklh ylk` idkdqlzclk ~o~udi cmizduo~o( eo ilkl cdadqgl~ohlk okeoroet eomqodkul~oclk zlel cd`l`lhlk mqlk` hlok+ ^delk`clk utftlk elqo zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob lelhlg idknozulclk ~outl~o eo ilkl cdadqgl~ohlk okeoroet eoudkutclk lult eozdk`lqtgo mhdg cdadqgl~ohlk cdhmizmckyl ^hlrok(
Elhli adhlflq cmmzdqluob id~coztk idknlctz adql`li utftlk ~m~olh( ft`l idizdqaloco zqd~ul~o plq`l adhlflq lult ut`l~)ut`l~ lcledio~ zdkuok` hlokkyl+ Adadqlzl lgho adqzdkelzlu algpl imedh oko tk``th elhli idialkut plq`l adhlflq idilglio cmk~dz) cmk~dz ~thou+ Zlql zdk`dialk` imedh oko udhlg idktkftcclk algpl imedh ~uqtcutq zdk`glq`llk cmmzdqluob udhlg elzlu idkok`cluclk kohlo plq`l adhlflq zlel adhlflq lcledioc elk zdqtalglk zdqtalglk kmqil ylk` adqgtatk`lk edk`lk gl~oh gl~oh adhlflq+ adhlflq+ Eo ~lizok` idk`talg kmqil ylk` adqgtatk`lk edk`lk gl~oh adhlflq( zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob elzlu idiadqo cdtkutk`lk aloc zlel plq`l adhlflq cdhmizmc alplg iltztk cdhmizmc lul~ ylk` adcdqfl adq~lil idkydhd~loclk ut`l~)ut`l~ lcledioc+ 1+ Zdkdqoillk udqglelz zdqadellk okeoroet

Utftlk hlok imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob lelhlg le lhlg zdkdqoillk ~dnlql htl~ elqo mqlk`)mqlk` ylk` adqadel adqel~lqclk ql~( atelyl( cdhl~ ~m~olh( cdiliztlk( elk cduoelciliztlkkyl+ Zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob idiadqo zdhtlk` alò plq`l adhlflq elqo adqal`lo hlulq adhlclk` elk cmkeo~o tkutc adcdqfl edk`lk ~lhok` adq`lkutk` zlel ut`l~)ut`l~ lcledioc elk idhlhto ~uqtcutq zdk`glq`llk cmmzdqluob lclk adhlflq ~lhok` idk`glq`lo ~lut ~lil hlok+


Zl`d 04

>+ Zqm~detq Zdk`dialk`lk Imedh Zdiadhlflqlk

Zqm~detq ylk` eoudiztg elhli imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob oko( idhlhto dizlu ulglzlk( ylcko6 h/ zdqdknlkllk( 1/ zdhlc~lkllk( elk >/ drlhtl~o+ Il~ok`)il~ok` ulglzlk udq~datu elzlu eo fdhl~clk ~dal`lo adqoctu6
Ulglz zdqdknlkllk elhli oizhdidkul~o imedh oko idkdiztg adadqlzl cdòlulk lkulql hlok6 l/ Oedkuobocl~o cdatutglk adhlflq( eoudiztg idhlhto etl ulglzlk ylcko6 zdqulil( plplknlql edk`lk Cdzlhl ^dc~o Zdkeoeoclk Cd~dulqllk Aoelk` ZKBO Cmul @mqmkulhm elk Zdklk`tk` flpla ^CA+ Udckoc plplknlql idk``tklclk plplknlql udqatcl tkutc idizdqmhdg `lialqlk titi cdatutglk adhlflq utumq+ Cdetl( oedkuobocl~o cdatutglk adhlflq ~duolz utumq edk`lk idk``tklclk bmqilu oedkuobocl~o cdatutglk adhlflq( elk eohdk`clzo edk`lk plplknlql tkutc idizdqmhdg `lialqlk cdatutglk adhlflq utumq udqclou edk`lk zdk`dialk`lk cmizdudk~o idqdcl elhli zdiadhlflqlk+ a/ idkdulzclk cdatutglk adhlflq adqel~lqclk zqomqoul~( cdatutglk adhlflq eoudulzclk adqel~lqclk zmq~o udqalkylc elqo gl~oh oedkuobocl~o zdkò~olk bmqilu oedkuobocl~o elk plplknlql+ Hlk`clg oko eoudiztg tkutc idk`gokelqo udqhlht adql`likyl cdatutglk adhlflq elk ~tiadq adhlflq ylk` eozdqhtclk+ Zdkdulzlk cdatutglk adhlflq( eofleoclk el~lq tkutc idkdulzclk utftlk zdiadhlflqlk( iludqo zmcmc zdiadhlflqlk( ~uqludò lult zdkedclulk zdiadhlflqlk( ~dqul zdqtit~lk lhlu drlhtl~o ylk` lclk eo`tklclk+ n/ Oedkuobocl~o ~tiadq adhlflq( ylout idiohog elk idkdkutclk utumq ylk` elzlu eohoaluclk idialkut idhlctclk zdiadhlflqlk elhli zdkeoeoclk( eo ~lizok` zdkdhouo ~dkeoqo ~dal`lo utumq( ft`l idqdcqtu em~dk Ftqt~lk ZH^ elk em~dk Ftqt~lk Ctqocthti elk Udckmhmò Zdkeoeoclk ylk` eolk``lz cmizdudk elhli iludqo zdkeoeoclk ylk` lclk eoadqoclk+ Eo ~lizok` idkdkutclk utumq( eozohog zthl ~tiadq adhlflq hlokkyl ylk` idketctk` cdòlulk zdiadhlflqlk( ylout adqtzl alglk lflq+ Alglk lflq eoudkutclk ~d~tlo edk`lk gl~oh oedkuobocl~o cdatutglk( ylk` idhoztuo alglk lflq ndulc atct udc~/( elk alglk lflq ylk` eocdialk`clk ~dkeoqo mhdg utumq+ e/ Oedkuobocl~o plq`l adhlflq3 lelhlg plq`l adhlflq ylk` idkòctuo cd~dulqllk eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm+ 1/ Ulglz Zdhlc~lkllk

Zdhlc~lkllk cdòlulk zdkeoeoclk cdudqlizohlk eomqodkul~oclk zlel ~uqludò zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob+ ûqludò oko eozqmydcc~oclk zlel zdk`cmkeo~olk okudqlc~o zqmbd~omklh edk`lk idizdqulglkclk zdkedclulk zdiadhlflqlk uqlk~io~o uqlk~bdq/( uqlk~lc~omklh( elk cmhlamqluob+ Elhli zdiadhlflqlk utumq adquokelc ~dal`lo ~tiadq adhlflq tkutc idibl~ohoul~o udqfleokyl cdòlulk zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk edk`lk hlk`clg)hlk`clg6 Bl~d)< Idkylizloclk utftlk elk idimuorl~o plq`l adhlflq Uok`clg Hlct Utumq/6 Utumq idkylizloclk ~ditl utftlk zdiadhlflqlk ylk` okòk eonlzlo zlel zdhlflqlk udq~datu elk idimuorl~o plq`l adhlflq tkutc adhlflq+ Bl~d)1 Idkylfoclk okbmqil~o+ Uok`clg Hlct Utumq6 Utumq idkylfoclk okbmqil~o cdzlel plq`l adhlflq edk`lk flhlk edimkuql~o lult hdplu alglk alnllk+ Bl~d)> Idk`mq`lko~l~oclk plq`l adhlflq cd elhli cdhmizmc)cdhmizmc adhlflq+ Uok`clg Hlct Utumq6 Utumq idkfdhl~clk cdzlel plq`l adhlflq al`loilkl nlqlkyl idiadkutc cdhmizmc adhlflq elk idialkut ~duolz cdhmizmc l`lq idhlctclk uqlk~o~o ~dnlql dbo~odk+ Bl~d)5 Idiaoiaok` cdhmizmc adcdqfl elk adhlflq+ Uok`clg Hlct Utumq6 Utumq idiaoiaok` cdhmizmc)cdhmizmc adhlflq zlel ~llu idqdcl idk`dqflclk ut`l~ idqdcl+ Bl~d)4 Drlhtl~o+ Uok`clg Hlct Utumq( Utumq idk`drlhtl~o gl~oh adhlflq udkulk` iludqo ylk` udhlg eozdhlflqo lult il~ok`)il~ok` cdhmizmc idizqd~dkul~oclk gl~oh cdqflkyl+ Bl~d)2 Idiadqoclk zdk`glq`llk Uok`clg Hlct Utumq6 Utumq idknlqo nlql)nlql tkutc idk`glq`lo aloc tzlyl iltztk gl~oh adhlflq okeoroet elk cdhmizmc


Zl`d 02

Idiadqoclk zdk`lhlilk adhlflq elhli zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob udq~datu eolqlgclk tkutc idkok`cluclk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh idhoztuo6 ôutluomklh lplqkd~~( Zqd~dk~d( Ltugdkuonouy( Nhlqouy( Dizgluy + Plq`l adhlflq adquokelc ~dnlql okeoroetlh iltztk cdhmizmc ~dnlql cmhlamqluob edk`lk utumq idhlc~lklclk cdòlulk elhli zqm~d~ zdkeoeoclk edk`lk hlk`clg) hlk`clg6 h/ idkyoilc tqlolk iludqo ~dnlql ~dc~lil3 1/ idhlctclk cdòlulk zdiadhlflqlk ~d~tlo iludqo ylk` eolflqclk edk`lk aoiaok`lk utumq3 >/ idqlknlk` oizhdidkul~o zdiadhlflqlk elhli cdòlulk zdiadhlflqlk ~dal`lo adkutc qdbhdcuob elhli zdkeoeoclk oko idhlhto hlk`clg)hlk`clg6 l/ idkyt~tk qdknlkl zdq~olzlk zdiadhlflqlk QZZ/( a/ idhlc~lklclk zdiadhlflqlk eo cdhmizmc cdnoh edk`lk plq`l adhlflqkyl udilk ~dalyl elk ~dclho`t~ eoma~dqrl~o ~dnlql ~dc~lil n/ idk`lklho~o~ elk eo~ct~o zdiadhlflqlk ylk` udhlg eohlctclk( elk e/ idqdknlklclk zdiadhlflqlk ulglz ~dhlkftukyl+ Hlk`clg)hlk`clg udq~datu eoudiztg adqutftlk tkutc hdaog idkok`cluclk zdilglilk plq`l adhlflq elhli zdiadhlflqlk ~dnlql udqatcl elhli cmkeo~o lctulh+ ûqludò adhlflq ~dzdquo oko elzlu eoglqlzclk utumq elzlu idk`lemz~o( idkòkudqklho~l~o( elk idk`lcutlho~l~o glh)glh ylk` eolhlio( eoliluo( elk eoudqlzclk+ Edk`lk ediocolk utumq lclk hdaog ~outluomklh lplqkd~~ elk adqtzlyl idk`dialk`clk cmizdudk~okyl ~d~tlo zdk`lhlilk zdiadhlflqlk elhli idkok`cluclk dbdcuoroul~ zdiadhlflqlk cgt~t~kyl zlel zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zlcdu A eo ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm+ Zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob eolqlgclk zlel zdkok`clulk cdiliztlk elhli adkutc udmqo iltztk elhli adkutc zqlcudc+ ^dnlql udmqo( plq`l adhlflq idilglio cdndqel~lk ~m~olh ylk` aloc elk adklq ~delk`clk ~dnlql zqlcuoc( plq`l adhlflq elzlu idk`lzhocl~oclk udmqo ylk` eozdqmhdgkyl ~dhlil zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk+ Iludqo udmqo ~deocou adqadel edk`lk iludqo zqlcudc+ Iludqo udmqo idk`lqlg zlel cdiliztlk plq`l adhlflq tkutc idilglio iludqo( ~delk`clk zqlcudc eolqlgclk tkutc idkok`cluclk cdndqel~lk ~m~olhkyl+ >/ Ulglz Drlhtl~o

Ulglz drlhtl~o eohlctclk adqel~lqclk coudqol elk ok~uqtidk ylk` lclk eo`tklclk tkutc idkohlo dbdcuoroul~ imedh zdiadhlflqlk+ Drlhtl~o dbdcuoroul~ imedh eoudiztg idhlhto zdk`lilulk udqglelz zdqohlct cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq elhli zdhlc~lkllk zdhluoglk eo ^CA @mqmkulhm+ Cdndqel~lk ~m~olh ylk` eoliluo idhoztuo3 ôutluomklh lplqkd~~( Zqd~dk~d( Ltugdkuonouy( Nhlqouy( elk Dizgluy Drlhtl~o elizlc oizhdidkul~o imedh mtunmid/( eohlctclk zlel cdòlulk qdbhdcuob tkutc idk`dulgto cdiliztlk plq`l adhlflq( eohlc~lklclk idhlhto ma~dqrl~o udqglelz plq`l adhlflq elhli idhlc~lklclk zdiadhlflqlk+ Zdk`lilulk lult ma~dqrl~o eohlctclk ~dnlql ~dc~lil mhdg zdkdhouo+ Gl~oh zdk`lilulk ~dhlkftukyl eoeo~ct~oclk tkutc ~lhok` idiadqoclk il~tclk zdqaloclk alò cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq ylk` eoliluo( tkutc zdqaloclk zdiadhlflqlk ~dhlkftukyl+ ~dhlkftukyl+ Adqel~lqclk ~dhtqtg tqlolk eo lul~( hlk`clg)hlk`clg zdk`dialk`lk imedh ~dnlql cmizqdgdk~ob( ilcl eoqtit~clk imedh gozmuduoc imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zlcdu A elhli adkutc `lialq ~dal`lo adqoctu6 5/ Okeoclumq Cdadqgl~ohlk

^d~tlo edk`lk utftlkkyl zdk`dialk`lk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq cd~dulqllk zlcdu N eo ^CA( okeoclumq cdadqgl~ohlkkyl lkulql hlok lelhlg idkok`clukyl cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq( idhoztuo6 

Zl`d 00

eoudqlzclkkyl elhli zdiadhlflqlk( 1/ ~dctqlk`)ctqlk`kyl 04$ Zqd~dk~d plq`l adhlflq idkok`clu elk eoudqlzclkkyl elhli zdiadhlflqlk( >/ ~dctqlk`)ctqlk`kyl 04$ Ltugdkuonouy idkok`clu elk eoudqlzclkkyl elhli zdiadhlflqlk( 5/ ~dctqlk`)ctqlk`kyl 04$ Nhlqouy idkok`clu elk eoudqlzclkkyl elhli zdiadhlflqlk( 4/ ~dctqlk`)ctqlk`kyl Dizgluy plq`l adhlflq idkok`clu elk eoudqlzclkkyl elhli zdiadhlflqlk+ Cd~ditl okeoclumq udq~datu adqlel zlel clud`mqo aloc+ Gl~oh zdk`lilulk udqglelz okeoclumq udq~datu klizlc zlel uladh 5+4+ ^dhlkftukyl cqoudqol zdkohlolk udqglelz cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zlcdu A elhli zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob lelhlg ~dal`lo adqoctu6 Uladh 5+1 Cqoudqol Zdkohlolk Cdndqel~lk ^m~olh Plq`l Adhlflq Zlcdu A Km Qdkulk` ^cmq < 74 „ <:: 1 04 „ 75 > 2: „ 05 5 8 2: ^tiadq6 Ftcko~ CU^Z Eoqfdk Zdiaokllk ÎL

O K Z T U

Cqoudqol ^lk`lu Aloc Aloc Ntctz Ctqlk`

ZDQDKNLKLLK <+ 1+

Lklh Lklhoo~o~ ~o~ Cda Cdatutg tutglk lk Zdky Zdkyt~ t~tk tklk lk Zqm` Zqm`ql qli i Zdiadh Zdiadhll lqlk

ZDIADHLFLQLK CMMZDQLUOB

Z Q M

Eq+ Qt~eok Efoat( I+Ze x Ut`l~ Cdqfl~lil

Okudk~ob cdqfl~lil

Zl`d 07

5/+ Zdk`tfolk Imedh Gozmuduoc l/ Cdhlylclk Imedh Gozmuduoc Gozmuduoc

Imedh gozmuduoc zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ylk` udhlg eocmk~dz( ~dadhti eohlctclk tfo nmal udqalul~( elk tfo hlzlk`lk( udqhdaog elgtht eohlctclk tfo cdhlylclk+ Ilc~te eohlctclkkyl tfo cdhlylclk ylout tkutc idk`gl~ohclk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob lplh ylk` hdaog ~d~tlo elk dbdcuob cduocl eohlctclk tfo nmal+ Tfo cdhlylclk imedh eoudiztg idhlhto etl ulglz cdòlulk( ylcko6 h/ lklho~o~ imedh mhdg zqlcuo~o elk zdkohlolk mhdg zlql lgho+ Lklho~o~ imedh mhdg zqlcuo~o( eohlctclk mhdg zdkdhouo elk`lk qkdkeo~ct~oclk imedh gozmuduoc ylk` udhlg eocmk~dz adq~lil Cdzlhl ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm+ 
Lklho~o~ imedh eohlctclk tkutc idk`clfo qdhdrlk~o o~o( elk cdudqcloulk ~duolz cmizmkdk elqo imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob gozmuduoc ylk` eoqtit~clk( ~dqul idhoglu ~d~tlo uoelckyl cmizmkdk udq~datu edk`lk t~lgl zdkok`clulk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zlel ZCAI Cmul @mqmkulhm+ Eo~ct~o tkutc idk`lklho~o~ imedh udq~datu eohlctclk edk`lk nlql zdkdhouo idk`lftclk adadqlzl zdqulkyllk lul~ cdql`t)ql`tlk udqglelz adadqlzl cmizmkdk elqo cmk~dz imedh ylk` eocdialk`clk+ Gl~oh eo~ct~o eozdqmhdg il~tclk lult ~lqlk)~lqlk tkutc zdkydiztqkllk cmk~dz imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zlcdu A ylk` eocdialk`clk+ Adqel~lqclk il~tclk elqo eo~ct~o edk`lk zqlcuo~o udq~datu( imedh gozmuduoc zdkeoeoclk ylk` udhlg eocmk~dz zdkdhouo( il~og lel adadqlzl cdctqlk`lk ylk` zdqht eoil~tcclk( eo lkulqlkyl6 l/ Zdqht eoil~tcclk cmizmkdk cmkudk ylk` adqcloulk edk`lk cdudqhoalulk lcuob plq`l adhlflq elk cdiliztlk idilglio elk idizqlcudcclkkyl cdndqel~lk ~m~olh elhli zdiadhlflqlk a/ Zdqht eohlctclk ma~dqrl~o eo elhli zdkdqlzlk zdiadhlflqlk( n/ Gl~oh ma~dqrl~o zdiadhlflqlk tkutc idhlctclk zdqaloclk zdiadhlflqlk ~dhlkftukyl+

Adqel~lqclk il~tclk udq~datu zdkdhouo ~dhlkftukyl idhlctclk zdkydiztqkllk udqglelz imedh gozmuduoc ylk` udhlg eocmk~dz+ Eq+ Qt~eok Efoat( I+Ze x

Zl`d 0?

1/ Gl~oh Rlhoeoul~ Zlclq

Zdkohlolk mhdg zlclq eohlc~lklclk edk`lk nlql idhlctclk cmk~thul~o ~d~tlo edk`lk cdatutglk elhlqk zdkydiztqkllk imedh ylk` ~delk` eocdialk`clk+ Zlclq ylk` idhlctclk fte`didk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ylk` eocdialk`clk oko ~dalkylc uo`l mqlk`( adqutftlk tkutc qkdizdqmhdg imedh ylk` hdaog ~d~tlo elk dbdcuob elhli zdhlc~lkllk tfonmal imedh+ ^lqlk lult il~tclk elqo zlclq ~dhlkftukyl eo`tklclk tkutc zdqaloclk imedh gozmuduoc( aloc ylk` idkylk`ctu o~o( algl~l ~dqul qdhdrlk~okyl+ Adqel~lqclk plplknlql zdkdhouo edk`lk zlclq lgho/ eozdqmhdg il~tclk ~dal`lo adqoctu6 l/ ~o~udiluocl imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob eo~t~tk cdialho a/ cmizmkdk zdiadhlflqlk elhli imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob eo~d~tloclk edk`lk cmkeo~o eo ^CA( ~dgok``l elzlu eooctuo mhdg utumq elhli tfo nmal imedh udq~datu n/ cmizmkdk zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq elhli imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zdqht hdaog eobmct~clk( ~dgok``l elzlu eohoglu zdkok`clulkkyl cdndqel~lk ~m~olhkyl e/ imedh ylk` eocdialk`clk zdqht lelkyl cdòlulk lcuob plq`l adhlflq idhlctclk zdiadhlflqlk kylul ithlo elqo qdknlkl( zdhlc~lkllk( zdk`lilulk( elk qdbhdc~o edk`lk zdkedclulk lkeql`mò zlquo~ozluob d/ imedh udq~datu zdqht eonlkuticlk cmizmkdk mtunmid mtunmid// tkutc idhoglu cdiliztlk plq`l adhlflq( elk ~duolz cmizmkdk elhli imedh zdqht eotqloclk ~dnlql qokno elk fdhl~

^dhlok imedh gozmuduoc zdkdhouo idhlctclk zdk`tfolk cdhlylclk ok~uqtidk dbdcuoroul~ imedh idhlhto zdkohlolk lgho dwzdqu fte`didku/( elk tfonmal dizoqoc idhlhto zdk`lilulk udqglelz cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zlcdu A Cmul @mqmkulhm zlel cdòlulk zdiadhlflqlk+ a+ Qdro~o Imedh Gozm uduoc Zl~nl Tfo Cdhlylclk

Qdro~o imedh gozmuduoc zdkeoeoclk eohlctclk ~dudhlg eohlc~lklclkkyl tfo cdhlylclk elqo imedh gozmuduoc udq~datu ~dal`loilkl udhlg eofdhl~clk eo lul~+ Eoel~lqclk zlel gl~oh zdkohlolk zqlcuo~o elk zdkohlolk zlql lgho dwzdqu fte`didku/( imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob tkutc zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zlcdu A( ~telg eolk``lz hlylc tkutc eooizhdidkul~oclk elhli tfo nmal eo ZCAI ylk` eofleoclk ~lizdh zdkdhouolk ylout ZCAI Ulilk Zdkeoeoclk elk Lh)Vocql Idktqtu gl~oh zdkohlolk zqlcuo~o elk zlclq( imedh gozmuduoc udq~datu ~dadhti tfonmal( il~og zdqht zdkydiztqkllk( tulilkyl adqcloulk edk`lk adadqlzl glh ~dal`lo adqoctu6 h/ ~o~udiluocl imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob eo~t~tk cdialho3 1/ cmizmkdk zdiadhlflqlk elhli imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob eo~d~tloclk edk`lk cmkeo~o eo ^CA( ~dgok``l elzlu eooctuo mhdg utumq elhli tfo nmal imedh udq~datu3 >/ cmizmkdk zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq elhli imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zdqht hdaog eobmct~clk( ~dgok``l elzlu eohoglu zdkok`clulkkyl cdndqel~lk ~m~olhkyl( elk 5/ imedh ylk` eocdialk`clk zdqht lelkyl cdòlulk lcuob plq`l adhlflq idhlctclk zdiadhlflqlk kylul ithlo elqo qdknlkl( zdhlc~lkllk( zdk`lilulk( elk qdbhdc~o( 4/ imedh udq~datu zdqht eonlkuticlk cmizmkdk mtunmid/ tkutc idhoglu cdiliztlk plq`l adhlflq( elk ~duolz cmizmkdk elhli imedh zdqht eotqloclk ~dnlql qokno elk fdhl~+ Gl~oh lklho~o~ zlclq( zqlcuo~o elk udilk ~dflplu udq~datu ylk` eofleoclk qtftclk tkutc idqdro~o imedh+ Imedh zdiadhlflqlk gl~oh qdro~o ~dnlql fdhl~ elzlu eo`lialqclk ~dal`lo adqoctu eo alplg oko+


Zl`d 7:

O K Z T U

ZDQDKNLKLLK <+ 1+

Lklh Lklho~ o~o~ o~ Cdat Cdatut utg glk Zdky Zdkyt~ t~tk tklk lk Zqm` Zqm`ql qli i Zdiadh Zdiadhll lqlk

ZDIADHLFLQLK CMMZDQLUOB CMMZDQLUOB

Z Q M ^ D ^

Ut`l~ Cdqfl~lil

Okudk~ob cdqfl~lil

CDNDQEL^LK ^MÔLH

~outluomklh lplqkd~~( zqd~dk~d(

DRLHTLÔ

MTU ZTU

Idkok cluclk cluclk Zqd~u Zqd~ul~o l~o lcledioc lcledioc

MTU NMID Idkok Idkok cluc cluclk lk Cdn Cdndq dqel el~l ~lk k ^m~ol ^m~olhh Plq Plq l Adhl Adhl lq Eq+ Qt~eok Efoat( I+Ze x @lialq 5+>+ Zdk`dialk`lk Imedh Zdiadhlflqlk Cmmzdqluob alò Zdkok`clulk

Zl`d 7<

>+ Oizhdidkul~o Zdk`dialk`lk Imedh Zdiadhlflqlk Cmmzdqluob Alò Zdkok`clulk Cdndqel~lk ^m~olh Plq`l Adhlflq Zlcdu A eo ZCAI

Imedh cmk~dzutlh ylk` eo~t~tk idqtzlclk zdk`dialk`lk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob cd zdiadkutclk ~mnolh nglqlnudq atoheok` elk cdudqlizohlk ~m~olh+ Eoilkl clqlcudq elk ~oclz ~m~olh lclk eozm~o~oclk ~d~tlo edk`lk cdatutglk elhli zdkydhdk``lqllk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob elhli zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zqm`qli Zlcdu A+ Il~ok`)il~ok` tk~tq ylk` elzlu idiadkutc clqlcudq elk ~oclz ~m~olh eodhlamql~o cd elhli ctqocthti itlulk hmnlh eocdil~ cdzlel ~ditl aoelk` ~uteo+ ^duolz tk~tq eocdialk`clk cd elhli alglk lflq elk ideol zdiadhlflqlk+ ^lhlg ~lut nlql tkutc cdzdkuok`lk zdk`dialk`lk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ylk` dbdcuob( dbo~odk elk lctkuladh eozdqhtclk adqal`lo zdkedclulk+ Lkulql hlok idk`clfo ctqocthti ylk` adqhlk`~tk` ~dhlil oko( elk idk`dialk`clk zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob ylk` eocdil~ cdelhli imeth ~dqul idk`cmiaokl~oclk adadqlzl ilul zdhlflqlk ylk` udqclou edk`lk zdiadkutclk clqlcudq elk ~oclz ~m~olh ylk` elzlu eoctl~lo elk eozlglio mhdg plq`l adhlflq+ Zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk zqm`qli Zlcdu A hdaog idkouocadqluclk zdk`dklhlk zdqil~lhlglk hok`ctk`lk ~dqul nlql adqzocoq tkutc ididnlgclkkyl idhlhto zdkedclulk lkulq)eo~ozhok ohit ylk` qdhdrlk edk`lk zdqil~lhlglk ylk` ~delk` eozdnlgclk+ Zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk eohlc~lklclk edk`lk idk``tklclk zdkedclulk ylk` hdaog oketcuob( cmk~uqtcuob( ~dqul adhlflq ilkeoqo idhlhto zdkdclklk zlel zdk`dklhlk zdqil~lhlglk hok`ctk`lk ~dqul zdknlqolk ~mht~o edk`lk zdkedclulk lkulq cdohitlk ylk` uoelc udq~dclu)~dclu ~dgok``l hdaog qdhdrlk edk`lk cdgoetzlk ~dglqo)glqo+ Adqcloulk edk`lk out( ~o~udi zdiadhlflqlk 'edhordqy ~y~udi/ eoqlknlk` ~dediocolk qtzl l`lq idiohoco cdctlulk udq~dkeoqo( tkutc idk`dialk`clk idk`dialk`clk cdnlclzlk cmizqdgdk~ob elk cmizduouob ylk` adq`tkl elhli zdkok`clulk cdiliztlk adhlflq ~dzlkflk` glylu+ Zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk eohlc~lklclk edk`lk idk``tklclk zdkedclulk ylk` hdaog oketcuob elk cmk~uqtcuob+ Edk`lk ediocolk zlel cmizdudk~o htht~lk zqm`qli Zlcdu A eoadqo nlululk cgt~t~ udkulk` cdudqlizohlk ~m~olh ylk` ~telg eoiohoco mhdg plq`l adhlflq ylk` idkfleoclk plq`l adhlflq ao~l idkyd~tloclk edk`lk zdqcdialk`lk ylk` lel udqtulil ao~l idkyd~tloclk edk`lk hok`ctk`lk eoilkl ~lfl idqdcl adqlel+ Ilcl tkutc zdidktglk utkutulk udq~datu eozlkelk` glqt~ lel tzlyl zdk`dialk`lk elhli zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk ylk` idk`lqlg cdzlel zdiadkutclk clqlcudq elk ~oclz ~m~olh+ Eo ~lizok` out( ft`l tkutc idhlc~lklclk lilklg Tkelk`)Tkelk` ô~eockl~ ylout ylk` udqclou edk`lk ~ta~ulk~o zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zlel zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk zqm`qli Zlcdu A+ Elhli zdk`dialk`lk imedh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob zlel zqm`qli Zlcdu A( idkòk`lu alkylckyl rlqoladh okudqrdkok` udqglelz zqm`qli Zlcdu A( ilcl elhli zdkdhouolk oko eoalul~o zlel ululqlk ~ta~ulk~o zqmboh zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq`l adhlflq zqm`qli Zlcdu Zlcdu A( imedh cmk~dzutlh zdk`dialk zdk`dialk`lk `lk zdiadhlf zdiadhlflqlk lqlk cmmzdqlu cmmzdqluob ob elhli zqm`qli Zl cdu A( elk oi zhdidkul zhdi dkul~o ~o imedh zdiadhlfl qlk cmmzdqluob eohlctclk( eohlctclk( udqglelz udqglelz etl cdhmizmc ylout cdhmizmc cdhmizmc cmkuqmh elk cdhmizmc dc~zdqoidk elqo ~lizdh elhli plcut ylk` adq~lillk+ Tkutc cdzdkuok`lk cdhmizmc dc~zdqoidk eo alplg oko lelhlg l~zdc ylk` eocdialk`clk elqo zqm`qli zdkeoeoclk cd~dulqllk ylk` ~dhlil ~dal`loilkl ulizlc elhli uladh adqoctu+


Zl`d 71

Uladh 5+< L~zdc Zdk`dialk`lk Zdk`dialk`lk Imedh Imedh Zdiadhlflqlk Zdiadhlflqlk Cmmzdqluob Zqm`qli Zlcdu A eo ZCAI

Km

<

Zqm`qli Zlcdu A

Cmkeo~o Lplh

Plq`l Adhlflq Plq`l adhlflq ~dadhtikyl uoelc idkelzluclk zdiadhlflqlk ~dnlql cmk~dzutlh udkulk` zdiadhlflqlk cdhmizmc

Cdatutglk Adhlflq

Plq`l adhlflq hdaog idiohog lult glqt~ eoelgthto mhdg zdiadhlflqlk ~dnlql cmk~dz udkulk` zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob

Cdiliztlk lplh plq`l adhlflq elqo cmk~dz il~og qdkelg

Utumq

Plq`l adhlflq idizdhlflqo cmk~dz zdiadhlflqlk cmmzdqluob alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh

Plq`l adhlflq ~telg idk`dulgto zdiadhlflqlk ~dnlql cdhmizmc udulzo adhti ~d~tlo edk`lk hlk clg)hlk clg Lctkulaohoul~ Plq`l adhlflq okeoroetlh ~dqok` ~telg idk`dulgto eolaloclk algpl eo ~dgok``l ut`l~) hok`ctk`lkkyl ut`l~ ~dqok` alkylc zmudk~o eoamqmk` mhdg hmclh ylk` ao~l ~lhlg ~dmqlk` eocdialk`clk lk``mul

Zdqht eo~t~tk alglk lflq ylk` ao~l idialk`tk clqlcudq elk ~oclz ~m~olh ~dnlql lcledioc

Ioklu elk cdatutglk adhlflq adhti klizlc

Zdqht lelkyl zdk`dialk`lk l~zdc zdiadhlflqlk ylk` adq~oblu cmk~dzutlh edk`lk idk`lnt zlel ~ulkelq ylk` alct Zlel ulglz lplh eoadqoclk mqodkul~o udkulk` zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk ylk` eo~d~tloclk edk`lk cdudqlizohlk ~m~olh

Elk il~og 1

L~zdc Zdk`dialk`lk

Utumq adhti idiohoco zdilglilk udqglelz ~ta~ulk~o iludqo zdiadhlflqlk


Plq`l adhlflq idiatutgclk iludqo ylk` adq~oblu cmk~dzutlh `tkl idketctk` zdiadhlflqlk ~dnlql Utumq ~dqok` idiaolqclk lelkyl plq`l adhlflq ylk` idkemiokl~o cdhmizmc lult idk``lkutk`clk eoqo

Alglk adhlflq glqt~ eo~t~tk elk eo~d~tloclk edk`lk zmudk~o elk cdiliztlk ylk` eoiohoco mhdg plq`l adhlflq

Zl`d 7>

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Zqm~d~ Zdiadhlflql k

Utftlk Zdiadhlflql k

Nlql idk`lflq utumq il~og adq~oblu cmkrdk~omklh edk`lk idumed ndqlilg (zdkedclulk ~dnlql chl~oclh elk hdaog emioklk elhli ~duolz dhlc~lkllk ^duolz zdhlc~lkllk zdiadhlflqlk utumq adhti udqaol~l idkyt~tk qdknlkl zdiadhlflqlk( ideol adhlflq( elk lhlu drlhtl~o Zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk hdaog ndkedqtk` zlel zdkedclulk ok~uqtc~omklh eoalkeok`clk zdkedclulk zqoaleo

L~zdc zdk`dialk`lk plulc elk clqlcudq ~dqul ~oclz cdadq~lillk elk cdudqlizohlk ~m~olh elhli zdiadhlflqlk mhdg utumq adhti adòut klizlc( idqdcl glkyl idk`lflqclk iludqo zmcmc ylk` eo`lqo~clk elhli ctqocthti Qdknlkl Zdiadhlflqlk( ideol adhlflq elk lhlu drlhtl~o zdqht idkelzlu zdkdclklk zlel zdk`dialk`lk zdiadhlflqlk ~dnlql uoi( glqt~ ~lhok` idialkut tkutc idknlzlo utftlk diadhl diadhl lqlk Zdkedclulk zdiadhlflqlk glqt~ hdaog idkdclkclk idkdclkclk zlel zdkedclulk cdhmizmc eoalkeok`clk ok~uqtc~omklh

Hdaog idkdclkclk zlel zdktkul~lk zdkylizlolk iludqo elk idk`laloclk cdatutglk

^dklkuol~l Clqlcudqo~uoc elk idizdethoclk cdatutglk plq`l clqlcudqo~uoc elk adhlflq eofleoclk cdatutglk plq`l hlkel~lk elhli adhlflq zlel ~llu zdk`dialk`lk zdkylizlolk iludqo zdiadhlflqlk zdhlflqlk ~dgok``l udqnozul

Utftlk Zdiadhlflqlk zlel ulglz lplh glkyl idk`lnt zlel

Utftlk adhlflq hdaog eolqlgclk zlel zdk`dialk`lk plulc elk clqlcudq cdilkeoqolk ~dqul

cdiliztlk PA ~oclz cdpoqlt~lgllk l`lq ao~l htht~ klitk udulz


Zqm~d~ zdiadhlflqlk ylk` hdaog idkdclkclk cdzlel zqm~d~ cdqfl~lil elhli cdhmizmc+ edk`lk utftlk ylk` okòk eonlzlo uoelc glkyl cdiliztlk lcledioc elhli zdk`dquolk zdk`tl~llk alglk zdhlflqlk( udulzo ft`l lelk lelk l tk~t tk~tqq cdq cdq l~li l~lill Lelzul~o ^CC udqglelz iludqo adhlflq ylk` ~d~tlo edk`lk zdk`dialk`lk plulc elk clqlcudq ~dqul zdiadhlflqlk ~dnlql uoi elk cdqfl~lil alò zdkok`clulk cdndqel~lk ~m~olh plq l adhl lq Zdkedclulk zdiadhlflqlk idkdclkclk zlel zdkedclulk cdhmizmc tkutc zdk`dialk`lk plulc elk clqlcudq zdiadhlflqlk ~dnlql uoi elk cdqfl~lil alò zdkok`clulk

Utftlk zdiadhlflqlk uoelc glkyl idkdclkclk zlel zdknlzlolk ~ulkelq cmizdudk~o htht~lk klitk hdaog idk`lqlg zlel zdk`dialk`lk

Zl`d 75

Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif (Cooperative Learning)

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