Pengaruh Penambahan Serat Ijuk Dan Pengurangan Pasir Terhadap Beban Lentur Dan Berat Jenis Genteng Beton

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Polec ;$?$ Muncof Ze|{edpo{e Zedonlofod [e|op `od Zedau|odaod Zo{h|# [e|po Muncof Led`o Umh Aedpeda Lepgd udpub Zedaumhod Lelod Cedpu| `od Le|op Medh{$ …………………$………… …………………$………………………$……………… ……………$………………

;0

Polec ;$<$ Ze|lod`hdaod Zenobohod Lofod [u{ud……………………………$ [u{ud……………………………$$$ $$

0;

Polec 0$?$ Bgd{h{ped{h &Dhcoh [elo|( Ng|po| Aedpeda Lepgd…………………$$ Lepgd…………………$$$$ $$

5<

Polec 0$<$ Fo{hc Zedaumhod Lelod Cedpu| Aedpeda Lepgd `edaod Zedonlofod [e|op Hmub `od Zedau|odaod Zo{h|……………$$…$………………$…$

5;

Polec 0$;$ Fo{hc Zedaumhod Le|op Medh{ Aedpeda Lepgd `edaod Zedonlofod [e|op Hmub `od Zedau|odaod Zo{h|…………$$$………………………$$ Zo{h|…………$$$ ………………………$$

55

Polec 0$0$ Fuludaod Lelod Cedpu| `od Le|op Medh{ Aedpeda Lepgd `edaod Ze|{edpo{e Zedonlofod [e|op Hmub `od Zedau|odaod Zo{h|…………$

51

;

Polec 0$5$ Belupufod Le|op Lofod [u{ud [ephoz ? N O`ubod Ng|po| Aedpeda Lepgd…………………………………………………………………

58

;

Polec 0$9$ Belupufod Ygcune Lofod [u{ud [ephoz ? N O`ubod Ng|po| Aedpeda Lepgd………………………… Lepgd………………………………………………………$ ……………………………$

58

@OIPO\ AONLO\

Foconod

Aonlo| <$?$ Le|op Medh{ Zo{h| `edaod @oe|of Zedaonlhcod Zo{h| Le|le`o……… ?0 Aonlo| <$<$ Le|op [opuod Zo{h| `edaod @oe|of Zedaonlhcod Zo{h| Le|le`o……$ ?5 Aonlo| <$;$ A|o`o{h Zo{h|…………………………… Zo{h|……………………………………………$$$ ………………$$$………… ………… ?6 Aonlo|

<$0$ Dhcoh Ng`ucu{ Focu{ Luph| &Nfl( Zo{h| `edaod @oe|of Zedaonlhcod Zo{h| Le|le`o……………$……$$……………………$ <:

Aonlo| ;$?$ Led`o Umh Aedpeda Lepgd……$…$$$…………………………… Lepgd……$…$$ $……………………………$…$ $…$ ;; Aonlo| ;$<$ Oxobod `od Ne{hd Zedaaepo|…………………… Zedaaepo|………………………………………$ …………………$ ;5 Aonlo| ;$;$ Nemo [elo|………………………………… [elo|…………………………………………………………$$ ………………………$$ ;9 Aonlo| ;$0$ Modabo [g|gda …………………………………… ……………………………………………………… ………………… ;9 Aonlo| ;$5$ Gyed…………$$………………………………………… Gyed…………$$ ……………………………………………………$ …………$ ;1 Aonlo| ;$9$ Ngced Zedao`ub………………………………… Zedao`ub……………………………………………………$ …………………$ ;6 Aonlo| ;$1$ Kepobod Aedpeda Lepgd………………………… Lepgd……………………………………………$ …………………$ ;6 Aonlo| ;$6$ Ocop Umh Cedpu|………………$$ Cedpu|………………$$$………………………… $…………………………………… ………… 09 Aonlo|

0$?$ A|oihb Fuludaod Zedonlofod Ze|{edpo{e [e|op Hmub `od Zedau|odaod Zo{h| `edaod Lelod Cedpu| Aedpeda Lepgd………$…$ 5;

Aodlo|

0$<$ A|oihb Fuludaod Zedonlofod Ze|{edpo{e [e|op Hmub `od Zedau|odaod Zo{h| `edaod Le|op Medh{ Aedpeda Lepgd……………$$ 55

Aonlo| 0$;$ A|oihb Fuludaod Lelod Cedpu| `od Le|op Medh{ Aedpeda Lepgd `edaod Ze|{edpo{e Zedonlofod [e|op Hmub `od Zedau|odaod Zedau|odaod Zo{h|$$$ 51

@OIPO\ CONZH\OD

Foconod

Conzh|od ?$ Fo{hc Zedaumhod Le|op Medh{ Zo{h|………………………… Zo{h|……………………………$ …$

90

Conzh|od <$ Fo{hc Zedaumhod Le|op [opuod Zo{h|…………………………$ Zo{h|…………………………$$$

95

Conzh|od ;$ Fo{hc Zedaumhod Bo`o| Oh| Zo{h|…………………………… Zo{h|……………………………$$$ $$$

99

Conzh|od 0$ Fo{hc Zedaumhod A|o`o{h Zo{h|………………………… Zo{h|………………………………$$$ ……$$$

91

Conzh|od 5$ Fo{hc Zedaumhod Le|op Medh{ Bozu|…………………………$ Bozu|…………………………$$$ $$

96

Conzh|od 9$ Fo{hc Zedaumhod Le|op [opuod Bozu|…………………………

98

Conzh|od 1$ Fo{hc Zedaumhod Bo`o| Oh| Bozu|…………………………… Bozu|……………………………$$

1:

Conzh|od 6$ Fo{hc Zedaumhod Le|op Medh{ Hmub…………………………… Hmub……………………………… …

1?

Conzh|od 8$ Fo{hc Zedaumhod Le|op [opuod Hmub……………………………$

1<

Conzh|od ?:$ Fo{hc Zedaumhod Bo`o| Oh| Hmub………………………………$ Hmub………………………………$$$

1;

Conzh|od ??$

Fo{hc Zedaumhod Lelod Cedpu| Aedpeda Lepgd `edaod Zedonlofod [e|op Hmub `od Zedau|odaod Zo{h|………………$$ Zo{h|………………$ $

Conzh|od ?<$ Fo{hc Zedaumhod Le|op Medh{ Aedpeda Lepgd `edaod Zedonlofod [e|op Hmub `od Zedau|odaod Zo{h|………………$$ Zo{h|………………$ $

10 15

@OIPO\ IGPG IGPG ZEDECHPHOD

Foconod

Igpg ?$ Zo{h| {eloaoh Lofod udpub Nenluop Aedpeda Lepgd…………………

19

Igpg <$ Bozu| {eloaoh Lofod udpub Nenluop Aedpeda Lepgd ………………$

19

Igpg ;$ Zedhnlodaod [e|op Hmub……………………………… Hmub………………………………………………$ ………………$

11

Igpg 0$ Pofoz Zedao`ubod Be|hda ……………………………… ………………………………$…………$$$ $…………$$$

11

Igpg 5$ Pofoz Zedao`ubod Lo{of…………………… Lo{of……………………………………………$$ ………………………$$

16

Igpg 9$ Zedkepobod Led`o Umh Aedpeda Lepgd………………………… Lepgd………………………………$$$ ……$$$

16

Igpg

1$ Aedpeda Lepgd Fo{hc Zedkepobod @hbe|hdabod Pe|celhf @ofucu [elecun @h|ed`on……………………………………………………

18

Igpg 6$ Zekofod aedpeda lepgd `hgyed udpub zedaumhod le|op medh{…………$

18

Igpg 8$ Zedhnlodaod Le|op Aedpeda Lepgd Be|hda Pudabu………………$…$

6:

Igpg ?:$ Zedhnlodaod Le|op Aedpeda Lepgd @ocon Oh|…$$……$$…………$… Oh|…$$……$ $…………$…

6:

Igpg ??$ Ocop Umh Lelod Cedpu| Aedpeda Lepgd………………………… Lepgd………………………………$$ ……$$

6?

Igpg ?<$ Zedaumhod Lelod Cedpu|………………………… Cedpu|……………………………………………$… …………………$…

6?

LOL H ZED@OFUCUOD O$ Copo| Lecoboda

[eloaoh deao|o le|benloda zenlodaudod `h Hd`gde{ho `ocon o|ph ih{hb  {eze|ph ze|unofod `od {o|odo cohd {enobhd nedhdabop {eh|hda `edaod le|ponlofdxo zed`u`ub$ @ocon zecob{odood zenlodaudod ih{hb pe|{elup# lepgd ne|uzobod

medh{

lofod

lodaudod

xoda

lodxob

`haudobod#

lofbod

zedaaudooddxo {enobhd necuo{$ @h{onzhda `haudobod {eloaoh zed`ubuda bgd{p|ub{h upono lepgd nucoh `haudobod zo`o loahod.loahod lodaudod xoda le|{hiop dgd {p|ubpu|oc# {ocof {opudxo o`ocof udpub aedpeda$ @edaod

lodxobdxo

ae`uda.ae`uda

xoda

`hlodaud

nobo

{odaop

`hlupufbod lofod zedupuz opoz xoda lohb# xohpu zedupuz opoz xoda nenedufh ze|{xo|opod buop# |hdaod `od be`oz oh|$ @o|h le|loaoh medh{ zedupuz opoz# aedpeda lepgd ne|uzobod lofod xoda lodxob `hzoboh {eloaoh zedupuz opoz pe|upono udpub lodaudod |unof phdaaoc$ U{ofo ze|lohbod lepgd pe|u{ `hcobubod gcef zo|o zedechph xobdh `edaod nedao`obod zedechphod.zedechphod udpub nenze|lohbh {hiop bu|oda lohb lepgd# lohb {eko|o bhnho nouzud ih{hbo$ [ocof {opu u{ofo udpub nenze|lohbh {hiop bu|oda lohb lepgd o`ocof `edaod nedonlofbod {e|op be`ocon o`ubod lepgd$ @o|h zedechphod xoda pecof `hcob{odobod &Deyhcce `od L|ggb{ ?861 `ocon @hxgdg <:::(# nedxhnzucbod lofo zedonlofod {e|op be `ocon o`ubod `ozop nenle|hbod beudpudaod le|uzo ze|lohbod lele|ozo {hiop lepgd xohpu = buop po|hb# beucepod# bepofodod bemup# buop cedpu| `od buop cecof$

@ocon zedechphod hdh zedechph nedkglo nedaozchbo{hbod lepgd ihle| udpub  zenluopod aedpeda lepgd

xohpu `edaod zedonlofod {e|op hmub$ @edaod

zedonlofod {e|op hmub be `ocon o`ubod aedpeda lepgd `hfo|ozbod `ozop nedonlof bebuopod aedpeda lepgd xohpu lelod cedpu|dxo phdaah# {e|po aedpeda xoda `hfo{hcbod celhf |hdaod$

L$ H`edphihbo{h No{ocof

Aedpeda

lepgd {eloaoh lofod zedupuz opoz xoda `hnhdoph lodxob 

no{xo|obop unundxo {oop hdh belupufoddxo {enobhd nedhdabop$ Donud {e{uoh {hiop `o{o| lepgd# {eloaoh lofod `o{o| zenluopdxo nenhchbh {hiop bu|oda nonzu nedofod po|hb# cedpu|# le|{hiop aepo{ `od le|op {ed`h|hdxo le{o|$ U{ofo zedhdabopod buochpo{ lepgd {onzoh {ebo|oda hdh no{hf pe|u{ `hcobubod lohb  zedhdabopod buop pebod# po|hb nouzud cedpu|# lofbod {onzoh zo`o uzoxo udpub  nenluop lepgd hpu |hdaod pepozh nenzudxoh bebuopod phdaah$ Zedonlofod {e|op `ocon o`ubod lepgd `ozop nedhdabopbod buop po|hb# buop cedpu|# `od lepgd xoda `hfo{hcbod celhf |hdaod &@hxgdg# <:::($ Zedonlofod {e|op `ocon o`ubod xoda nenle|hbod ze|lohbod lele|ozo {hiop lepgd ze|cu `hozchbo{hbod `ocon zenluopod aedpeda lepgd$ Zodmoda {e|op xoda `hponlofbod `ocon o`ubod aedpeda lepgd {e|op fo|u{ nenedufh bepedpuod nedaedoh o{zeb |o{hg xohpu ze|lod`hdaod odpo|o zodmoda {e|op `edaod `honepe| {e|op$ O{zeb |o{hg xoda

h`eoc xohpu 5: {onzoh ?::

&[u`o|ngbg ?861 `ocon @hxgdg <:::($ [e|op xoda pe|cocu zed`eb obod nu`of pe|kolup `od {e|op xoda pe|cocu zodmoda obod nedaobhlopbod be{uchpod `ocon

zedae|mood xohpu obod pe|mo`h zedaaunzocod$ Muncof {e|op xoda {e`hbhp lecun le|zedao|uf#

pepozh

{elochbdxo

muncof

{e|op

xoda

pe|cocu

lodxob

obod

nedaobhlopbod be{uchpod `ocon zedae|mood$

K$ \unu{od No{ocof

Le|`o{o|bod copo| lecoboda no{ocof `hopo{ nobo `ozop `hluop |unu{od no{ocof {eloaoh le|hbup= ?$ Ozobof o`o ze|le`ood lelod cedpu| aedpeda lepgd `edaod zedonlofod {e|op hmub `od zedau|odaod zo{h| xoda le|le`o$ <$ Le|ozobof le{o| lelod cedpu| `od le|op medh{ aedpeda lepgd obhlop zedonlofod {e|op hmub `od zedau|odaod zo{h| xoda le|le`o$

@$ Pumuod Zedechphod

Zedechphod hdh le|pumuod udpub = ?$

Nedaepofuh bo|obpe|h{phb {e|op hmub `od bozu| nhcc xoda `haudobod# nechzuph= le|op medh{# le|op {opuod `od bo`o| oh|$

<$ Nedaepofuh bo|obpe|h{phb zo{h| xoda `haudobod nechzuph = le|op medh{# le|op {opuod# bo`o| oh| `od a|o`o{h zo{h|$ ;$ Nedaepofuh bo|obpe|h{phb aedpeda lepgd xoda `hfo{hcbod# nechzuph = lelod cedpu| `od le|op medh{$ 0$ Nedaepofuh zedao|uf zedonlofod {e|op hmub `od zedau|odaod zo{h| pe|fo`oz lelod cedpu| `od le|op medh{ aedpeda lepgd$

E$ Beaudood Zedechphod

Beaudood xoda `honlhc `o|h zedechphod hdh o`ocof= ?$ [eko|o z|obph{ fo{hc zedechphod hdh `ozop `haudobod {eloaoh {ocof {opu |umubod loah cgbo pebdgcgah zenubhnod {eno|oda# udpub `hbenlodabod celhf codmup {efhdaao {uopu {oop o`o ze|u{oofood aedpeda lepgd `h hcoxof [eno|oda xoda nenz|g`ub{h aedpeda lepgd {e|op$ <$ Loah no{xo|obop bfu{u{dxo `h{ebhpo| cgbo{h zenluopod aedpeda lepgd$ Fo{hc zedechphod hdh `ozop `hmo`hbod {eloaoh lofod hdig|no{h `ocon nededpubod zhchfod pe|fo`oz lofod zedupuz opoz pe|upono aedpeda lepgd$ ;$ Loah zo|o zedechph `od nofo{h{o Fo{hc zedechphod hdh `ozop `hmo`hbod lofod hdig|no{h opou |eie|ed{h udpub  necobubod zedechphod.zedechphod celhf codmup nedaedoh ozchbo{h lepgd ihle| be `ocon aedpeda lepgd$

I$ Lopo{od No{ocof

Lopo{od no{ocof `ocon zedechphod hdh o`ocof = ?$ [e|op hmub xoda `hzoboh `ocon zedechphod hdh `ocon bgd`h{h meduf be|hda nubo opou [[@ &[ opu|ope` [u|ioke @|x( `od `hzgpgda.zgpgda `edaod zodmoda ¿ ?.< kn `edaod ze|{edpo{e :%# :#5%# ?%# ?#5%# <% `od <#5% pe|fo`oz le|op zo{h| xoda `haudobod$ [e|op hmub hdh `hze|gcef `o|h `e{o [ulof# bekonopod [ulof# boluzoped Lopoda$

<$ [ened xoda `haudobod `ocon zedechphod hdh ne|b Du{odpo|o `edaod beno{od h{h 0: ba# pe|pupuz |ozop `od luph|oddxo focu{ ph`ob nedaaunzoc# `od {enuo luph|od cgcg{ oxobod :#:8 nn$ ;$ Zo{h| xoda `haudobod `ocon zedechphod o`ocof zo{h| Nudphcod$ Luph|od xoda `haudobod cgcg{ oxobod 5 nn$ 0$ Bozu| xoda `haudobod `ocon zedechphod hdh `hlech `o|h pgbg lodaudod –Lhdpoda Moxo„ xoda pe|cepob `h Mocod \oxo N|odaaed Dg$ 96 [eno|oda$ Bozu| nhcc xoda `haudobod {enuo luph|oddxo cgcg{ oxobod :#:8 nn$ 5$ Oh| xoda `haudobod `ocon zenluopod aedpeda lepgd hdh o`ocof oh| {unu| xoda le|o`o `hpenzop zedaumhod$ 9$ Lelod cedpu| `od le|op medh{ aedpeda lepgd `hpechph zo`o unu| <6 fo|h `edaod  muncof led`o umh no{hda.no{hda ; luof$ 1$ Ze|lod`hdaod ygcune {ened = bozu| = zo{h| > ? = :#881 = <#88:$ 6$ Nedaaudobod dhcoh iobpg| oh| {ened &io{( xoda kgkgb udpub zenluopod aedpeda lepgd {e|op$

LOL HH BOMHOD ZU[POBO

O$ Aedpeda Lepgd

Nedu|up [DH :001.6? &@hxgdg# <:::( aedpeda lepgd opou aedpeda {ened o`ocof ud{u| lodaudod lodaudod xoda `hze|audobod udpub opoz xoda `hluop `o|h

lepgd `od `hledpub {e`enhbhod |uzo {e|po le|ubu|od pe|pedpu$ Nedu|up [DH :001. 6? &@hxgdg# <:::( aedpeda lepgd `hluop `edaod ko|o nedkonzu| zo{h| `od {ened `hponlof oh|# benu`hod `ho`ub {onzoh fgngaed cocu `hkepob$ [ecohd {ened `od zo{h|# {eloaoh lofod {u{ud aedpoda lepgd `ozop muao `hponlofbod bozu|$ Nedu|up ZULH ?86< aedpeda lepgd hocof ud{u| lofod lodaudod xoda `hluop `o|h konzu|od lofod {ened zg|pcod`# oa|eaop focu{# oh|# bozu| &p|o{{(# `od lofod zenlodpu cohddxo xoda `hluop {e`enhbhod |uzo {efhdaao `ozop `hze|audobod udpub opoz$ Nedu|up

ZULH ?86<

o`o <

nokon aedpeda lepgd {e{uoh lofod

zenledpubdxo xohpu = &?( Aedpeda lepgd lho{o xohpu aedpeda lepgd xoda pe|luop `o|h konzu|od lofod {ened zg|pcod`# oa|eaop focu{# oh| `od bozu| podzo ponlofod lofod cohddxo$

&<( Aedpeda lepgd bfu{u{ xohpu aedpeda lepgd xoda pe|luop `o|h konzu|od lofod {ened zg|pcod`# oa|eaop focu{# oh| `od bozu| `hponlof lofod cohd xoda nudabhd le|uzo lofod bhnho# {e|op opouzud lofod cohddxo$ Udpub {ecodmupdxo aedpeda lepgd xoda pe|luop `o|h konzu|od lofod {ened zg|pcod`# oa|eaop focu{# oh| `od bozu| `hponlof {e|op `h{elup aedpeda lepgd {e|op$ Aedpeda lepgd {e|op ne|uzobod ledpub ozchbo{h lepgd {e|op xoda `haudobod {eloaoh lofod zenluop lofod lodaudod xoda le|{hiop dgd {p|ubpu|oc$ @g|gdaod udpub nedaozchbo{hbod lepgd {e|op `ocon zenluopod lofod.lofod lodaudod xoda le|{hiop dgd {p|ubpu|oc o`ocof o`odxo beudpudaod xoda `h`ozopbod `edaod zedonlofod {e|op xohpu le|uzo ze|lohbod lele|ozo {hiop lepgd `hodpo|odxo buop po|hb# beucepod bepofodod bemup `od buop cecof$ Nedu|up [DH$:001.6? &@hxgdg# <:::( zenluopod aedpeda lepgd `ozop `hcobubod `edaod < ko|o {e`e|fodo xohpu {eko|o noduoc &podzo `hz|e{( `od {eko|o nebodhb &`hz|e{($ Zenluopod aedpeda {eko|o nebodhb pedpu {omo fo{hcdxo obod celhf lohb mhbo `hlod`hdabod `edaod z|g{e{ zenluopod {eko|o noduoc$ Z|g{e{ zenluopod aedpeda lepgd &@hxgdg# <:::( nechzuph = ?$ Ze|{hozod `od Zedhnlodaod

Pofoz hdh nechzuph ze|{hozod `od zedhnlodaod lofod {u{ud xoda obod `hzoboh `ocon zenluopod aedpeda lepgd {e|op `hodpo|odxo {ened zg|pcod`# zo{h|# bozu|# oh| `od {e|op hmub$

<$ Zedkonzu|od

Zedkonzu|od lofod {u{ud aedpeda lepgd obod nenle|hbod fo{hc xoda lohb  ozolhco `hcobubod `ocon < pofoz xohpu zedkonzu|od lofod {eko|o be|hda &oh| lecun `hno{ubbod( `hno{ubbod( `od `od zedkonzu|od lofod {eko|o lo{of `hno{ubbod($

No{hda.no{hda

pofoz

{elohbdxo

&oh| {u`of

`hcobubod

`edaod

nedaaudobod ne{hd zedao`ub &ngced($ Z|g{e{ zedkonzu|od lh{o muao `hcobubod {eko|o noduoc donud fo{hcdxo celhf meceb &bu|oda fgngaed( ozolhco `hlod`hdabod `edaod nedaaudobod ne{hd zedao`ub$ ;$ Zedkepobod opou Zedaez|e{od

Z|g{e{ zedkepobod opou zedaez|e{od `ozop `hcobubod `edaod < ko|o xohpu `edaod ne{hd kepob pebod fh`|gch{ `od ocop kepob noduoc$ Z|g{e{ zedaez|e{od opou zedkepobod `hcobubod `edaod neduodabod o`ubod lofod {u{ud aedpeda lepgd {e|op `ocon kepobod# benu`hod ze|nubooddxo {epecof `hz|e{ `h{hzop |opo `od o`ubod obod nenledpub aedpeda {e{uoh ledpub kepoboddxo$ 0$ Zedae|hdaod

Aedpeda lepgd xoda pecof {ece{oh `hkepob# `hbe|hdabod `edaod `hpenzopbod `h opo{ popobod opou |ob.|ob# benu`hod `hodahd.odahdbod zo`o penzop xoda pe|chd`uda `o|h pe|hb nopofo|h `od fumod {econo <0 mon$ 5$ Zenechfo|ood

Zenechfo|ood `ozop `hcobubod `edaod < ko|o xohpu ko|o conlop &`edaod `h|ed`on `ocon oh| {econo nhdhnun ?0 fo|h( opou ko|o kezop &`edaod nedaaudobod uoz oh| zodo{ {econo 6 mon($ Z|g{e{ zenechfo|ood hdh

nenzudxoh nob{u` {uzoxo {ened `ocon aedpeda `ozop le|eob{h {eko|o {enzu|do$ 9$ Zedaumhod

Udpub nedaepofuh lelod cedpu| `od le|op medh{dxo nobo aedpeda lepgd fo|u{ `humh$ Zedaumhod aedpeda lepgd `hcobubod {epecof nedkozoh unu| <6 fo|h {e{uoh ze|opu|od [DH :001.6? &@hxgdg# <:::($ Nedu|up [DH :001.6? {xo|op aedpeda lepgd xoda lohb o`ocof nonzu nedofod lelod cedpu| nhdhnoc {eze|ph xoda pe|chfop `ocon Polec <$?$

Polec <$?$ Dhcoh Nhdhnoc Lelod Cedpu| Aedpeda Lepgd

Phdabop Nupu

Lelod Cedpu| \opo.|opo `o|h Lelod Cedpu| No{hda. ?: Aedpeda xoda @humh &Nhd( no{hda Aedpeda &Nhd( @ocon Ba @ocon Ba H ?5: ?<: HH 6: 9: [unle| = [DH :001.6?# –Nupu `od Ko|o Umh Aedpeda Lepgd„

Aedpeda lepgd ne|uzobod {ocof {opu ledpub ozchbo{h pebdgcgah lofod lepgd xoda `haudobod {eloaoh {ocof {opu ocpe|dophi lofod zenluop lofod lodaudod dgd {p|ubpu|oc$ Gcef {elol hpu ze|{xo|opod lofod.lofod xoda `haudobod udpub zenluopod

aedpeda lepgd muao ne|umub `o|h ze|{xo|opod lofod udpub 

zenluopod lepgd# bo|edo `h Hd`gde{ho lecun o`o ze|{xo|opod bfu{u{ nedaedoh lofod.lofod udpub zenluopod aedpeda lepgd$

L$ [ened Zg|pcod`

[ened zg|pcod` ne|uzobod lofod hbop xoda zedphda `od lodxob `hzoboh `ocon zenlodaudod ih{hb$ [ened zg|pcod` mhbo `ho`ub `edaod oh| obod pe|ledpub  nedmo`h zo{po {ened# {e`odabod mhbo `hkonzu| `edaod zo{h| benu`hod `ho`ub  `edaod oh| nedmo`h ng|po| {ened# `od mhbo `hponlof coah `edaod be|hbhc opou lopu zekof `h{elup lepgd$ [ened zg|pcod` o`ocof {ened fh`|gch{ xoda `hfo{hcbod `edaod ko|o nedafocu{bod bchdbe| xoda pe|upono pe|`h|h `o|h {hchbop.{hchbop boc{hun xoda le|{hiop fh`|gch{ `edaod ahz{ {eloaoh lofod ponlofod &ZULH# ?86<($ Iuda{h {ened zg|pcod` o`ocof udpub ne|ebopbod luph|.luph| oa|eaop oao| pe|mo`h {uopu no{{o xoda bgnzob `od zo`op# {ecohd hpu muao udpub nedah{h |gdaao. |gdaao `hodpo|o luph|.luph| oa|eaop &Pmgb|g`hnucmg# ?889($ Nedu|up

[DH

:001.6?

&@hxgdg#

<:::(

{e{uoh

`edaod

pumuod

zenobohoddxo# {ened zg|pcod` `h Hd`gde{ho `hloah nedmo`h 5 medh{ {eloaoh le|hbup = Medh{ H

= [ened zg|pcod` xoda `haudobod udpub zedaaudood unun xoda ph`ob nene|cubod ze|{xo|opod bfu{u{ {eze|ph xoda `h{xo|opbod zo`o  medh{.medh{ cohd$

Medh{ HH

= [ened zg|pcod` xoda `ocon zedaaudooddxo nene|cubod bepofodod pe|fo`oz {uciop `od zodo{ fh`|o{h {e`oda$

Medh{ HHH

= [ened zg|pcod` xoda `ocon zedaaudooddxo nene|cubod bebuopod phdaah zo`o io{e ze|nucood {epecof zedahbopod pe|mo`h$

Medh{ HY

= [ened zg|pcod` xoda `ocon zedaaudooddxo nene|cubod zodo{ fh`|o{h |ed`of

Medh{ Y

= [ened zg|pcod` xoda `ocon zedaaudooddxo nene|cubod bepofodod phdaah pe|fo`oz {uciop$ [ened Zg|pcod` `h zo{o|od unundxo nenhchbh le|op medh{ ;#?5 `od le|op

{opuod ?#<5: a|on'kn»$ Ze|lod`hdaod odpo|o muncof {ened {eloaoh lofod zedahbop `ocon lofod {u{ud aedpeda lepgd obod {odaop nededpubod buochpo{ aedpeda lepgd xoda `hluop$ Zo`o unundxo g|oda nedaepofuh lofo bebuopod aedpeda lepgd obod le|ponlof# ozolhco zenobohod {ened `hponlof$ [enobhd lodxob zenobohod {ened pedpu hbopod odpo| luph| oa|eaopdxo obod {enobhd buop# bo|edo lofod {u{ud aedpeda lepgd obod pe|hbop buop gcef {ened xoda muncofdxo nedkubuzh$ [efhdaao aedpeda lepgd xoda `hfo{hcbod buochpo{dxo obod lohb# pepozh {elochbdxo ozolhco {ened xoda `hzoboh muncofdxo {e`hbhp &muncofdxo bu|oda nedkubuzh( nobo hbopod odpo| luph| oa|eaopdxo obod cenof {efhdaao aedpeda lepgd xoda `hfo{hcbod buochpo{dxo obod |ed`of$

K$ Zo{h|

Zo{h| o`ocof luph|od focu{ xoda pe|`h|h `o|h luph|od le|ubu|od :#?5.5 nn xoda `h`ozop `o|h fo{hc `e{hdp|ea|o{h lopuod ocon opou muao `o|h zekofod lopuod ocon &Pmgb|g`hnucmg# ?889($

Nedu|up o{ocdxo zo{h| ocon `hagcgdabod nedmo`h ; nokon xohpu &Pmgb|g`hnucmg ?889( = &?($ Zo{h| aochod xohpu zo{h| xoda xoda `hze|gcef coda{uda `o|h ze|nubood podof opou `edaod nedaaoch pe|celhf `ofucu$ Zo{h| hdh lho{odxo le|luph| pomon# le|{u`up# le|zg|h `od lelo{ bod`udaod ao|on$ &<($ Zo{h| {udaoh xohpu zo{h| xoda `hze|gcef coda{uda `o|h `o{o| {udaoh xoda zo`o unundxo le|luph| focu{# lucop.lucop obhlop z|g{e{ ae{ebod$ Lhco `haudobod {eloaoh lofod {u{ud lepgd `oxo cebop odpo| luph|oddxo oaob bu|oda# pepozh bo|edo luph|oddxo xoda lucop nobo kubuz lohb udpub nenzce{pe| penlgb$ &;($ Zo{h| coup xohpu zo{h| xoda `honlhc `o|h zodpoh# luph|oddxo focu{ `od lucop bo|edo ae{ebod$ Zo{h| hdh ne|uzobod medh{ zo{h| xoda zochda meceb  `hlod`hdabod zo{h| aochod `od zo{h| {udaoh$ Ozolhco `hluop lepgd nobo fo|u{ `hkukh pe|celhf `ofucu `edaod oh| poo| bo|edo zo{h| hdh lodxob nedaod`uda ao|on.ao|onod$ Ao|on.ao|onod `ocon zo{h| hdh obod nedxe|oz lodxob  bod`udaod oh| `h u`o|o `od zo{h| hdh {ecocu oaob lo{of# muao nedxelolbod zedaenlodaod ygcune zo{h| lhco {u`of nedmo`h lodaudod$ ?$ Le|op Medh{ Zo{h|

Nedu|up Pmgb|g`hnucmg &?886(# le|op medh{ zo{h| hocof |o{hg odpo|o no{{o zo`op zo{h| `od no{{o oh| `edaod ygcune `od {ufu xoda {ono$ Le|op medh{ zo{h| `o|h oa|eaop dg|noc o`ocof <#5.<#12 le|op medh{ zo{h| `o|h oa|eaop le|op o`ocof

celhf `o|h <#6 `od le|op medh{ zo{h| `o|h oa|eaop |hdaod o`ocof bu|oda `o|h <#: &Pmgb|g`hnucmg# ?889($ Nedu|up E|dhooph &?886( zo{h| xoda le|o{oc `o|h [udaoh Z|gag# Bucgd Z|gag nenhchbh |opo.|opo le|op medh{ <#5062 {efhdaao `ozop `hbopeag|hbod {eloaoh oa|eaop dg|noc$ Zo{h| xoda le|o{oc `o|h [udaoh B|o{ob# [cenod# Xgaxobo|po# nedu|up Agdhpo &?888( nenhchbh |opo.|opo le|op medh{ <#059# nedu|up [uco{po|h &?889( nenhchbh |opo.|opo le|op medh{ <#991 {e`odabod nedu|up [u}od &?885( nenhchbh |opo.|opo le|op medh{ <#955$ Nedu|up Phnu|odpg &<::?( zo{h| xoda le|o{oc `o|h [udaoh Leleda# Nudphcod# Moo Pedaof nenhchbh |opo.|opo le|op medh{ <#9<82 {efhdaao `hbopeag|hbod {eloaoh oa|eaop dg|noc$ Zo{h| `o|h l|eb{h lopu |hdaod o{oc `e{o Lou|od# bekonopod Zce|ep# boluzoped Lodpuc# @oe|of H{phneo Xgaxobo|po# nedu|up Pmgb|g`hnucmg &<::<( nenhchbh |opo.|opo le|op medh{ ?#< {e`odabod nedu|up [ephomh &<::<( nenhchbh |opo. |opo le|op medh{ ?#;15 {efhdaao no{hf `ozop `hbopeag|hbod {eloaoh oa|eaop |hdaod$ Zo`o Aonlo| <$? `ozop `hbepofuh le|op medh{ zo{h| `edaod `oe|of zedaonlhcod zo{h| xoda le|o{oc `o|h [udaoh Z|gag &Bucgd Z|gag(# [udaoh B|o{ob  &[cenod# Xgaxobo|po(# [udaoh Leleda &Nudphcod# Moo Pedaof( `od `e{o Lou|od &Lodpuc# Xgaxobo|po($

Aonlo| <$?$ Le|op Medh{ Zo{h| `edaod @oe|of Zedaonlhcod Zo{h| Le|le`o &Bu{unoo|`odhda{hf# <::;(

<$ Le|op [opuod Zo{h|

Nedu|up Pmgb|g`hnucmg &?886(# le|op {opuod zo{h| o`ocof le|op zo{h| `ocon {opu {opuod ygcune$ Le|op {opuod `hfhpuda le|`o{o|bod le|op zo{h| `ocon {uopu lemodo `hloah ygcune lemodo pe|{elup# {efhdaao xoda `hfhpuda o`ocof ygcune zo`op zo{h| &nechzuph ygcune pe|pupuz `od ygcune zg|h pe|lubodxo($ Le|op {opuod zo{h| `o|h oa|eaop dg|noc o`ocof ?#<:.?#9: a|on'kn» &Pmgb|g`hnucmg# ?889($ Nedu|up E|dhooph &?886(# zo{h| xoda le|o{oc `o|h [udaoh Z|gag# Bucgd Z|gag nenhchbh |opo.|opo le|op {opuod ?#580 a|on'kn»2 {efhdaao pe|no{ub `ocon bopeag|h oa|eaop dg|noc$ Zo{h| xoda le|o{oc `o|h [udaoh B|o{ob# [cenod# Xgaxobo|po# nedu|up Agdhpo &?888( nenhchbh |opo.|opo le|op {opuod ?#911 a|on'kn»# nedu|up [uco{po|h

&?889( nenhchbh |opo.|opo le|op {opuod ?#<5: a|on'kn» {e`odabod nedu|up [u}od &?885( nenhchbh |opo.|opo le|op {opuod ?#55: a|on'kn»$ Nedu|up Phnu|odpg &<::?(# zo{h| xoda le|o{oc `o|h [udaoh Leleda# Nudphcod# Moo Pedaof nenhchbh |opo.|opo le|op {opuod ?#580 a|on'kn»2 pe|no{ub  `ocon bopeag|h oa|eaop dg|noc$ Nedu|up Pmgb|g`hnucmg &<::<( zo{h| `o|h l|eb{h lopu |hdaod o{oc `e{o Lou|od# bekonopod Zce|ep# boluzoped Lodpuc# @oe|of H{phneo Xgaxobo|po# nenhchbh le|op {opuod :#81 a|on'kn» {efhdaao `ozop `hbopeag|hbod {eloaoh oa|eaop |hdaod$ Zo`o Aonlo| <$<$ `ozop `hbepofuh le|op {opuod zo{h| `edaod `oe|of zedaonlhcod zo{h| xoda le|o{oc `o|h [udaoh Z|gag &Bucgd Z|gag(# [udaoh B|o{ob  &[cenod# Xgaxobo|po(# [udaoh Leleda &Nudphcod# Moo Pedaof( `od `e{o Lou|od &Lodpuc# Xgaxobo|po($

Aonlo| <$<$ Le|op [opuod Zo{h| `edaod @oe|of Zedaonlhcod Zo{h| Le|le`o &Bu{unoo|`odhda{hf# <::;(

;$ Bo`o| Oh| Zo{h|

Bo`o| oh| zo{h| `hfhpuda le|`o{o|bod ze|lod`hdaod le|op zo{h| `ocon bgd`h{h meduf be|hda nubo opou [[@ & [opu|ope` [u|ioke @|x( `hbu|odah le|op zo{h| bgd`h{h be|hda pudabu# pe|fo`oz le|op zo{h| bgd`h{h be|hda pudabu &Bu{unoo|`odhda{hf# <::;($ Xoda `hnob{u` zo{h| `ocon bgd`h{h meduf be|hda nubo &[[@( o`ocof zo{h| xoda ze|nubooddxo be|hda# pepozh luph|.luph|dxo le|h{h oh| {emuncof xoda `ozop `h{e|oz$ @edaod `enhbhod luph|od.luph|od oa|eaop zo`o pofoz hdh ph`ob nedxe|oz `od muao ph`ob nedonlof muncof oh| lhco `hzoboh `ocon konzu|od o`ubod lepgd &Pmgb|g`hnucmg# ?88<($ Bo`o| oh| zo{h| `ozop `hfhpuda `edaod |unu{ = Q:.Q0 Bo`o| oh| zo{h| >

v ?::%

Q0 `edaod# Q: > le|op zo{h| [[@ &a|on( Q0 > le|op zo{h| be|hda pudabu &a|on( 0$ A|o`o{h Zo{h|

Nedu|up Pmgb|g`hnucmg &?886(# a|o`o{h zo{h| o`ocof `h{p|hlu{h ubu|od luph| zo{h|$ Lhco luph|.luph| zo{h| nenzudxoh ubu|od xoda {ono &{e|oaon( ygcune zg|h obod le{o|$ [elochbdxo lhco ubu|od luph|oddxo le|yo|ho{h obod pe|mo`h ygcune zg|h xoda bekhc$ Foc hdh bo|edo luph|od xoda bekhc nedah{h zg|h `hodpo|o luph|od xoda celhf le{o|# {efhdaao zg|h.zg|hdxo nedmo`h celhf {e`hbhp# `edaod bopo cohd benonzopoddxo phdaah$

Udpub nedxopobod a|o`o{h zo{h|# `hzoboh dhcoh ze|{edpo{e le|op luph|od xoda pe|phdaaoc opou ceop `ocon {u{udod oxobod$ [u{udod oxobod zo{h| xoda `hzoboh o`ocof = ?:2 0#6:2 <#0:2 ?#<:2 :#9:2 :#;: `od :#?5 nn$ Fo{hc xoda `hze|gcef `o|h zene|hb{ood a|o`o{h zo{h| le|uzo ng`ucu{ focu{ luph| &nfl( `od phdabop bebo{o|od zo{h|$ Nfl nedudmubbod ubu|od befocu{od opou bebo{o|od luph|.luph| oa|eaop xoda `hfhpuda `o|h muncof ze|{ed bunucophi  pe|pofod `hloah ?::$ Nobhd le{o| dhcoh nfl nedudmubbod {enobhd le{o| luph|. luph| oa|eaopdxo$ Zo`o unundxo dhcoh nfl zo{h| le|bh{o| odpo|o ?#5 .;#6 &Pmgb|g`hnucmg# ?886($ Le|`o{o|bod   L|hph{f [pod`o|` xoda muao `hzoboh `ocon [B [DH.P.?5. ?88:.:; &Pmgb|g`hnucmg# ?886( pedpoda [pod`o| Popo Ko|o Zenluopod \edkodo Konzu|od Lepgd Dg|noc# bebo{o|od zo{h| `ozop `hloah nedmo`h enzop becgnzgb  nedu|up a|o`o{hdxo# xohpu zo{h| focu{# zo{h| oaob focu{# zo{h| oaob bo{o| `od zo{h| bo{o|# {eloaohnodo ponzob zo`o Polec <$< `od Aonlo| <$;$

Polec <$<$ A|o`o{h Zo{h|

Culoda Oxobod &nn( ?: 0#6 <#0 ?#< :#9 :#; :#?5 Bepe|odaod =

Ze|{ed le|op luph| xoda ceop oxobod @oe|of H @oe|of HH @oe|of HHH ?:: 8:.?:: 9:.85 ;:.1: ?5.;0 5.<: :.?: @oe|of H @e|of HH @oe|of HHH @oe|of HY

?:: 8:.?:: 15.?:: 55.8: ;5.58 6.;: :.?:

> zo{h| bo{o| > zo{h| oaob bo{o| > zo{h| oaob focu{ > zo{h| focu{

[unle| = Pmgb|g`hnucmg# ?886

Aonlo| <$;$ A|o`o{h Zo{h| &Pmgb|g`gnucmg# ?889(

?:: 8:.?:: 65.?:: 15.?:: 9:.18 ?<.0: :.?:

@oe|of HY ?:: 85.?:: 85.?:: 8:.?:: 6:.?:: ?5.5: :.?5

Nedu|up E|dhooph &?886( zo{h| xoda le|o{oc `o|h {udaoh Z|gag# Bucgd Z|gag nenhchbh nfl ;#<98 `od phdabop bebo{o|od zo`o @oe|of HH xohpu zo{h| oaob  bo{o|$ Zo{h| xoda le|o{oc `o|h [udaoh B|o{ob# [cenod# Xgaxobo|po# nedu|up Agdhpo &?888( nenhchbh nfl <#98 `od nedu|up [uco{po|h &?889( nenhchbh nfl <#;< {e|po nenhchbh phdabop bebo{o|od zo`o @oe|of HH xohpu zo{h| oaob bo{o|$ [e`odabod nedu|up [u}od &?885( zo{h| xoda le|o{oc `o|h [udaoh B|o{ob# [cenod# Xgaxobo|po nenhchbh nfl <#9?? `od phdabop bebo{o|od zo`o @oe|of H xohpu zo{h| bo{o|$ Nedu|up Phnu|odpg &<::?( zo{h| xoda le|o{oc `o|h [udaoh Leleda# Nudphcod# Moo Pedaof nenhchbh nfl ;#0 `od phdabop bebo{o|od zo`o @oe|of HH xohpu zo{h| oaob bo{o|$ Nedu|up [ephomh &<::<( zo{h| `o|h l|eb{h lopu |hdaod o{oc `e{o Lou|od# bekonopod Zce|ep# boluzoped Lodpuc# @oe|of H{phneo Xgaxobo|po# nenhchbh nfl <#1?? `od phdabop bebo{o|od zo`o @oe|of HH xohpu zo{h| oaob bo{o|$ Zo`o Aonlo| <$0 `ozop `hchfop `hoa|on xoda nedudmubbod dhcoh nfl zo{h| `edaod `oe|of zedaonlhcod zo{h| xoda le|o{oc `o|h [udaoh Z|gag &Bucgd Z|gag(# [udaoh B|o{ob &[cenod# Xgaxobo|po(# [udaoh Leleda &Nudphcod# Moo Pedaof( `od `e{o Lou|od &Lodpuc# Xgaxobo|po($

Aonlo| <$0$ Dhcoh Ng`ucu{ Focu{ Luph| &Nfl( Zo{h| `edaod @oe|of Zedaonlhcod Zo{h| Le|le`o &Bu{unoo|`odhda{hf# <::;(

@$ Bozu|

Bozu| o`ocof lofod lodaudod lodaudod

xoda `hze|gcef `o|h lopu bozu| xoda xoda

`hlobo| {onzoh nedmo`h bchdbe| `od `hahchda {efhdaao nedmo`h lulub focu{ {eze|ph {ened &ZULH# ?86<($ Bozu| muao `ozop `h{elup `edaod {ened dgd fh`|gchb  bo|edo iuda{hdxo fonzh| {ono `edaod {ened pepozh bozu| ph`ob `ozop nedahbop `od nedae|o{ `ocon oh|$ Bozu| obod nedahbop `od nedae|o{ ozolhco le|fuludaod `edaod u`o|o$ Iuda{h upono bozu| `ocon zenluopod aedpeda lepgd {eloaoh lofod zedahbop {eze|ph focdxo {ened xoda le|pumuod oao| aedpeda lepgd xoda `hfo{hcbod `hze|gcef ze|nubood xoda focu{ {e|po ph`ob pe|mo`h zg|gu{$

E$ Oh|

Pmgb|g`hnucmg &?886( nedmeco{bod lofo oh| ne|uzobod lofod `o{o| udpub nenluop lepgd opou ng|po| xoda zedphda# donud fo|aodxo zochda nu|of$ Oh| xoda nenedufh ze|{xo|opod {eloaoh oh| nhdun# nenedufh {xo|op zuco {eloaoh lofod konzu|od `ocon o`ubod ng|po| opou lepgd$ Oh| `hze|cubod udpub le|eob{h `edaod {ened# {e|po {eloaoh lofod zecuno{ odpo|o luph|.luph| oa|eaop {uzoxo ng|po| opou lepgd nu`of `hbe|mobod `od `hzo`opbod$ Udpub le|eob{h `edaod {ened# `hze|cubod oh| {ebhpo| :#;: boch le|op {ened# donud bedxopooddxo ozolhco `hzoboh dhcoh io{ bu|oda `o|h :#;5 o`ubod lepgd opou ng|po| nedmo`h {uchp `hbe|mobod# {efhdaao unundxo le|op oh| celhf `o|h :#;5 le|op {ened# xohpu odpo|o :#0 . :#9$ O`odxo becelhfod oh| pe|{elup le|iuda{h {eloaoh zecuno{$

I$ [e|op

O`o le|nokon.nokon medh{ {e|op xoda `ozop `hzoboh udpub zenluopod lepgd {e|op `od ozchbo{hdxo `ocon zenluopod aedpeda lepgd {e|op$ Nokon.nokon  medh{ {e|op pe|{elup o`ocof &@hxgdg# <:::( = &?( [e|op o{le{pg{ [e|op o{le{pg{ `ozop `hloah nedmo`h <# xohpu = o($ K|fx{gphce o{le{pg{ &{e|op o{le{pg{ zuphf( nenzudxoh |unu{ bhnho ;NaG$<[hG<$F
{efhdaao nedmo`hbod bu|oda lodxob `haudobod {eloaoh lofod ponlof lepgd$ l($ K|g`h`gchpe o{le{pg{ nenzudxoh |unu{ bhnho Do
[e|op hdh nenzudxoh buop po|hb xoda kubuz phdaah# {efhdaao zedonlofod {e|op boko zo`o lepgd obod nedhdabopbod buop cedpu| lepgd$ Pepozh ze|nubood {e|op boko xoda chkhd nedaobhlopbod `oxo cebop pe|fo`oz lofod hbopdxo nedmo`h cenof `od {e|op hdh bu|oda pofod pe|fo`oz {hiop ocboch {ened {efhdaao `ocon  modabo obpu cono {e|op obod |u{ob$ @h{onzhda hpu {e|op boko hdh mo|oda {eboch `hpenubod `hzo{o|od Hd`gde{ho {efhdaao {e|op hdh fonzh| ph`ob ze|dof `hzoboh udpub konzu|od lepgd `h Hd`gde{ho$  {peec ihle|( ihle|( &;( [e|op lomo & {peec

[e|op lomo nenzudxoh lodxob becelhfod# `hodpo|odxo = nenzudxoh buop po|hb  `od ng`ucu{ eco{ph{hpo{ xoda kubuz phdaah# ph`ob nedaoconh ze|ulofod ledpub  obhlop zedao|uf {hiop ocboch {ened$ Zedonlofod {e|op lomo zo`o lepgd obod nedohbbod buop po|hb# buop cedpu| `od buop hnzob lepgd$ Becenofod {e|op lomo o`ocof = ozolhco {e|op lomo ph`ob pe|chd`uda `ocon lepgd obod nu`of pe|mo`h

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L$ Bo|obpe|h{phb Bozu|

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K$ Bo|obpe|h{phb [e|op Hmub

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Oh| [ened Bozu| Zo{h| [e|op Oh| &o( &l( &k( &`( :% <#?:9 :#59 ? :#699 ;#59< : ?89#85 :#5% <#:80 :#59 ? :#699 ;#500 :#:?6 ?85#6; ?% <#:?1 :#59 ? :#699 ;#5<1 :#:;5 ?66#9; ?#5% ?#8;: :#59 ? :#699 ;#5:8 :#:5; ?6:#08 <% ?#8<8 :#59 ? :#699 ;#08? :#:1? ?6:#0: <#5% ?#8:< :#59 ? :#699 ;#01; :#:68 ?11#66 Bepe|odaod = @haudobod ze|lod`hdaod ygcune > {ened = bozu| = zo{h| > ? = :#881 = <#88: Le|op {opuod {ened > ?#<5: a|on'kn ; Le|op {opuod bozu| > ?#:69 a|on'kn ; Le|op {opuod zo{h| > ?#068 a|on'kn;

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@OIPO\ ZU[POBO Odgdhn# ?86:#   Nupu `od Ko|o Umh Bozu| Lodaudod &[DH$::<0.6:($ Mobo|po = @ezo|pened Ze|hd`u{p|hod$ Odgdhn# ?86:#   Nupu `od Ko|o Umh Aedpeda Lepgd &[DH$::<0.6:($ Mobo|po = @ezo|pened Ze|hd`u{p|hod$ Odgdhn# ?86<# Ze|{xo|opod Unun Lofod Lodaudod `h Hd`gde{ho &ZULH.?86<($ Lod`uda = Zu{op Zedechphod `od Zedaenlodaod Zenubhnod# Lo`od Zedechphod `od Zedaenlodaod$ Odgdhn# ?868# [ze{hihbo{h Lofod Lodaudod Loahod O &[B [DH [.:0.?868.I($ Lod`uda = Xoxo{od Cenloao No{ocof Lodaudod# @ezo|pened Zebe|mood Unun$ Odgdhn# ?88;# Zedao|uf Zedonlofod [e|op zo`o [hiop [p|ubpu|oc Lepgd [e|op$ Xgaxobo|po = Zedechphod# Udhye|{hpo{ Aomof No`o &UAN($ Odgdhn# ?888# Zepudmub Z|obpeb Pebdgcgah Lepgd$ Xgaxobo|po = Xgaxobo|po = Colg|opg|hun Lofod Lodaudod# Mu|u{od Pebdhb [hzhc# Iobucpo{ Pebdhb# Udhye|{hpo{ Aomof No`o &UAN($ O|hxodpg# ?886# Zedao|uf Zedonlofod [e|op [e|olup Becozo Pe|fo`oz Nupu Aedpeda Lepgd$ [eno|oda = [b|hz{h# Mu|u{od Zed`h`hbod Pebdhb  Lodaudod# Iobucpo{ Zed`h`hbod Pebdhb Bemu|uod &IZPB(# Hd{phpup Beau|uod `od Hcnu Zed`h`hbod &HBHZ(# [eno|oda = @hxgdg# <:::# Ze|le`ood Nupu Aedpeda Lepgd xoda @hfo{hcbod @edaod Zedonlofod [e|op [e|olup Becozo `od Zedau|odaod Zo{h| [e{uoh Z|g{edpo{e [e|op Xoda @hponlofbod$ Xgaxobo|po = [b|hz{h# Mu|u{od Zed`h`hbod Pebdhb Lodaudod# Iobucpo{ Pebdhb# Udhye|{hpo{ Deae|h Xgaxobo|po &UDX($ Ebgo|`gxg# B$L$# <::<# Ze`gnod Zeduch{od Bo|xo Hcnhof# [b|hz{h# Pe{h{ `od  @h{e|po{h$ [eno|oda = Udhye|{hpo{ Deae|h [eno|oda &UDDE[($ Aodh# N$[$M$# ?881# Kenedp Od` Kgdk|epe# Kfoznod Od` Focc# Cgd`gd$ Fo|xgpg# ?885#  Nenluop Aedpeda Hmub [ened$ Xgaxobo|po = Bodh{hu{$ Mgukfe# \$ `bb# ?88;# Zedao|uf Zedonlofod [e|op [e|olup Becozo Zo`o Zenluopod Aedpeda Lepgd$ Xgaxobo|po = Nomocof Hcnhof LHND# Dg$98;'80$ 6.?<$ Bu{unoo|`odhda{hf# X$# <::;# Zedao|uf Pebodod [oop Z|g{e{ Ze|kepobod Pe|fo`oz Bo|obpe|h{phb Ng|po| `o|h Oa|eaop \hdaod$ Xgaxobo|po = Pe{h{# Mu|u{od Hcnu.Hcnu Pebdhb# Z|ga|on Zo{ko [o|modo# Udhye|{hpo{ Aomof No`o &UAN($

Nu|`gkb# C$M$# `od L|ggb# B$N$# ?88?#   Lofod `od Z|obpeb Lepgd$ Mobo|po = E|codaao$ Deyhce# O$N$# `od L|ggb{# M$M$# ?861# Kgdk|epe Pekfdgcgax# Cgdanod [khedphihk ) Pekfdhkoc# De Xg|b$ Gco# O$C$# `bb# ?88;# Zedechphod Zenodioopod [e|op [e|olup Becozo Udpub  Zcoigd$ Xgaxobo|po = Nomocof Hcnhof LHND# Dg ?<0$ ?.<9$ Zodaop# ?88?# Ze|le`ood Buop @e{ob Ng|po| `edaod Lofod Zedahbop Bozu|    Nhcc `h Bg`xo Xgaxobo|po `od [ebhpo|dxo$ Xgaxobo|po = Cenloao Zedechphod

Hd{phpup

Beau|uod

`od

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Xgaxobo|po$ \g{o`fod# X$# <:::# Zedao|uf Zedonlofod [e|op [e|olup Becozo `od [e|lub  [onzof Pe|fo`oz Buop Cedpu| `od @oxo [e|oz Oh| $ Xgaxobo|po = Puao{ Obfh|# Mu|u{od Pebdhb [hzhc# Iobucpo{ Pebdhb# Udhye|{hpo{ Aomof No`o &UAN($ [u`o|ngbg# ?88?# Buop Po|hb Lepgd [e|op Led`|op$ Xgaxobo|po = Udhye|{hpo{ Aomof No`o &UAN($ [umodo# ?88<#  Nepg`e [poph{phbo$ Lod`uda = Po|{hpg$ [up|h{dg Fo`h# ?868# [poph{phb Mhch` HH $ Xgaxobo|po = Od`h Gn{ep$ [up|h{dg Fo`h# ?868# [poph{phb Mhch` HHH$ Xgaxobo|po = Od`h Gn{ep$ Pmgb|g`hnucmg# B$# ?889# Pebdgcgah Lepgd$ Xgaxobo|po = Doih|h$ Pmgb|g`hnucmg# B$# ?886# Zedaepofuod @o{o| Lepgd [eloaoh Lofod Lodaudod   Ocpe|dophi# Z|g{h`hda [enhdo| Do{hgdoc Pebdgcgah Lepgd `od  Ozchbo{h [gipqo|e Udpub Ze|odkodaod Lodaudod [hzhc$ Xgaxobo|po =

Zu{op Odpo| Udhye|{hpo{ Hcnu Pebdhb# Udhye|{hpo{ Aomof No`o &UAN($ Qhxo`h# ?888# Zedao|uf Zedonlofod [e|op Hmub pe|fo`oz Nupu Aedpeda Lepgd$ [eno|oda = Puao{ Obfh|# Mu|u{od Pebdhb [hzhc# Udhye|{hpo{ Deae|h [eno|oda &UDDE[($