Pengangguran di Indonesia

DED B

Y@OLEFPKPEO

E/ Ke|et D`keneoc

Eye b|p y`oceoccpteo: Y`oceoccpteo elekef }pe|p njolb}b lb geoe jteoc |blen  leye| d`n`the+ net`oe |blen |`t}`lbeore keyeoceo y`n`theeo/ Ele d`tdeceb gemeg |by`   y`o y`oce ceoc occp cpteo teo++

gb}e gb}eko kore re

y`oc y`oceo eocc ccpt pteo eo

|`no |`nojk jkjc jcb} b}++

y`oc y`oceo eocc ccpt pteo eo

atbn} atbn}bj bjoe oekk

leo leo

  y`oceoccp y`oceoccpteo teo }|tpn|ptek/ }|tpn|ptek/ \boccbore \boccbore eocne y`oceoccp y`oceoccpteo+ teo+ ge}ekef ge}ekef k`leneo k`leneo y`olplpn+ y`olplpn+ lb}|tbdp}b y`oleye|eo reoc |blen g`te|e+ leo d`tdeceb y`tge}ekefeo keboore lb o`cete nb|e g`ohelb }ekef }e|p aen|jt p|ege t`olefore |etea fblpy yete y`olplpn lb o`cete nb|e/  Oegpo reoc g`ohelb geoba`}|e}b p|ege }`nekbcp} aen|jt y`or`ded t`olefore |etea fblpy lb o`cete o`cete'o`c 'o`cete ete d`tn`g d`tn`gdeo deoc c elekef elekef |`tde|e |`tde|e}or }oree y`or`t y`or`teye eyeo o }pgd`t }pgd`t lere+ lere+ |`tge}p |`tge}pn  n  }pgd`t }pgd`t lere lere geop}b geop}be/ e/ Hbne Hbne lbdeol lbdeolboc bocneo neo l`oceo l`oceo o`cete o`cete'o`c 'o`cete ete gehp+ gehp+ y`geoa y`geoaee|e ee|eo o }pgd`t lere reoc lbkenpneo jk`f o`cete'o`cete d`tn`gdeoc t`ke|ba k`dbf t`olef letbyele reoc reoc lbkenp lbkenpneo neo lb o`cete' o`cete'o`c o`cete ete gehp gehp net`oe net`oe dptpno dptpnore re `ab}b`o `ab}b`o}b }b leo `a`n|b `a`n|bqb| qb|e} e} letb letb   y`occpoeeo }pgd`t lere debn }pgd`t lere ekeg gepypo }pgd`t lere geop}be/ Lpe  y`or`ded p|ege letb t`olefore y`geoaee|eo }pgd`t lere geop}be elekef net`oe |bocne|  y`oceoccpteo y`opf leo |bocne| y`oceoccpteo |`t}`kpdpoc reoc |`tkekp |boccb leo |`tp} g`kjoh g`kjohen/ en/ Y`oceo Y`oceoccp ccpteo teo y`opf y`opf e|ep e|ep |`tdpne |`tdpne renob renob |`tlbtb |`tlbtb letb letb jteoc' jteoc'jte jteoc oc reoc reoc }`d`oetore gegyp leo bocbo d`n`the+ eneo |`|eyb |blen g`oleye|neo keyeoceo y`n`theeo }ege }`nekb/

\bocne \bocne|| y`oceo y`oceoccp ccpteo teo leye| leye| lbfb|p lbfb|poc oc l`oceo l`oceo mete g`gdeo g`gdeolbo lbocne cneo o hpgkef hpgkef  y`oceoccpteo l`oceo hpgkef eocne|eo n`the reoc lbore|eneo lekeg y`t}`o/ N`|beleeo  y`oleye|eo g`or`dedneo y`oceoccpt fetp} g`ocpteocb y`oc`kpeteo njo}pg}bore reoc g`or`dedneo g`optpoore |bocne| n`gengpteo leo n`}`hef|`teeo/ Y`oceoccpteo reoc  d`tn`yeoheoceo hpce leye| g`obgdpkneo `a`n y}bnjkjcb} reoc dptpn |`tfeley y`oceoccpt  leo n`kpet n`kpetceo ceore/ re/ \bocne \bocne|| y`oceo y`oceoccp ccpteo teo reoc reoc |`tkekp |`tkekp |boccb |boccb hpce hpce leye| leye| g`or`d g`or`dedn edneo eo n`ne n`neme mepe peo o yjkb yjkb|b |bn n n`eg n`egeo eoeo eo leo leo }j}b }j}bek ek }`fb }`fboc occe ce g`oc g`occe ceoc occp cp y`t|p y`t|pgd gdpf pfeo eo leo leo  y`gdeocpoeo `njojgb/

5

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

D/ Tpgp}eo Ge}ekef

]`y`t|b reoc |`kef lbptebneo yele ke|et d`keneoc+ gene negb g`ocegdbk tpgp}eo ge}ekef }`deceb d`tbnp| 8 5/

Y`oc Y`oc`t `t|b |beo eo l`a l`abo bob} b}bb y`oc y`oceo eocc ccpt pteo eo

4/

Eye reoc reoc g`ohe g`ohelb lb ge}ek ge}ekef ef y`oce y`oceocc occpte pteo o lb Bolj Boljo`} o`}be be

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Y`oc`k Y`oc`kjgy jgyjne jneo o y`oceo y`oceoccp ccpteo teo lb Boljo` Boljo`}be }be


H`ob}+ H`ob}+ }bae| }bae| leo leo }`ded }`ded'}` '}`ded ded y`oc y`oceoc eoccpt cpteo eo lb Bolj Boljo`} o`}be be

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Y`or Y`or`d `ded ed |`t |`the helb lbor oree y`oc y`oceo eocc ccpt pteo eo

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Legy Legyen en y`o y`oceo ceoccpt ccpteo eo

M/ \phpeo Y`opkb}eo

\phpeo y`opkb}eo g`gdpe| genekef reoc d`thplpk ‛Y`oceoccpteo lb Boljo`}be‗ elekef }`deceb d`tbnp| 8 5/

G`oc G`oc`| `|ef efpb pb l`a l`abo bob} b}bb y`oc y`oceo eocc ccpt pteo eo

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G`oc`| G`oc`|efp efpbb eye reoc reoc g`ohel g`ohelbb ge}ekef ge}ekef y`oce y`oceocc occpte pteo o lb Boljo` Boljo`}be }be

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G`oc`| G`oc`|efp efpbb eocne eocne|eo |eo n`the n`the leo leo n`}` n`}`gye gye|eo |eo n`the n`the


G`oc`| G`oc`|efp efpbb n`ele n`eleeo eo y`oc y`oceoc eoccpt cpteo eo lb lb Boljo Boljo`}b `}bee

0/

G`oc G`oc`| `|ef efpb pb legy legyen en y`oc y`oceo eocc ccpt pteo eo

L/ G`|jl` Y`ocpgypkeo Le|e

Lekeg y`orp}poeo genekef bob+ y`tkp }`nekb y`ocpgypkeo le|e }`t|e boajtge}b reoc reoc }`}peb }`}peb l`oceo l`oceo y`tge} y`tge}eke ekefeo feo reoc reoc eneo eneo lb defe} defe} }`fpdp }`fpdpoce oceo o l`oceo l`oceo geneke genekef f |`t}`dp| lekeg y`orp}poeo genekef bob+ negb }`deceb y`opkb} g`occpoeneo d`d`teye g`|jl` g`|jl` y`ocpg y`ocpgypk ypkeo eo le|e+ le|e+ reoc reoc y`t|eg y`t|egee dtjs}b dtjs}boc oc bo|`to bo|`to`|+ `|+ n`lpe n`lpe l`oceo l`oceo g`gdem g`gdemee  dpnp'dpnp |`tneb| l`oceo ge}ekef y`oceoccpteo lb Boljo`}be/

4

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

DED BB

Y@GDEFE]EO

E/ Ge}ekef Y`oceoccpteo lb Boljo`}be

Y`oceoccpteo lb Boljo`}be reoc |`kef g`omeyeb ypkpfeo hp|e jteoc g`tpyeneo }pe| }pe|p p ge}e ge}eke kef f reoc reoc g`ol g`ol`} `}en en reoc reoc fetp fetp}} }`c` }`c`te te lby` lby`me mefn fneo eo net` net`oe oe legy legyen  en    y`oceoccp y`oceoccpteo teo b|p eneo }eoce| }eoce| d`tdefere d`tdefere decb |e|eoeo |e|eoeo n`fblpyeo n`fblpyeo }j}bek/ Elekef aen|e  defse  defse d`tdeceb d`tdeceb n`hefe|eo n`hefe|eo }j}bek }j}bek }`y`t|b }`y`t|b y`omptbeo*y y`omptbeo*y`ojlj `ojljoceo*y oceo*y`tegyj `tegyjneo+ neo+ y`kempteo+ y`kempteo+  hpke d`kb eoen+ eoen hekeoeo hekeoeo leo kebo'kebo g`tpyeneo legyen letb y`oceoccp y`oceoccpteo/ teo/ Lbkbfe| letb legyenore reoc kpe} |`tfeley |e|eoeo n`fblpyeo }j}bek+ y`oceoccpteo |`kef g`ohelb npgeo npgeo y`oren y`orenb| b| }j}be }j}bekk reoc reoc t`ke|ba t`ke|ba m`ye| m`ye| g`or`d g`or`det+ et+ d`tdef d`tdefere ere leo d`t`}b d`t`}bnj nj |boccb |boccb g`ocfe g`ocfe}bk }bkneo neo njtdeo njtdeo }j}be }j}bekk reoc reoc yele yele cbkbte cbkbteoor ooree g`optp g`optpone oneo o npekb| npekb|e} e} }pgd`t }pgd`t lere lere geop}be+ get|ede| leo fetce lbtb geop}be/

Net` Net`oe oe b|pk b|pkef ef gene gene g`ke g`kekp kpbb }|te| }|te|`c `cbb njgp njgpob obne ne}b }b y`gd y`gdeo eocp cpoe oeo+ o+ n`db n`dbhe hene neo' o' n`dbheneo n`dbheneo heocne y`ol`n leo heocne heocne yeoheoc yeoheoc reoc t`ekb}|b} t`ekb}|b} gp|ken lbkenpneo lbkenpneo ecet eocne   y`oceoccp y`oceoccpteo teo leye| lb|`neo*lb lb|`neo*lbnpteo npteocb/ cb/ L`oceo L`oceo n`dbheneo n`dbheneo reoc keoc}poc keoc}poc g`or`o|pf g`or`o|pf  y`tge}ekefeo y`oceoccpteo+ gene y`or`ded letb d`tdeceb ye|jkjcb }j}bek reoc lbekegb ge}retene| }ee| bob leye| lbnpteocb/ D`tdeceb ge}ekef }j}bek y`tnj|eeo reoc g`t`}efneo ge}retene| }ee| bob d`tenet letb n`}pkb|eo fblpy e|ep n`}pkb|eo `njojgb reoc lb}`dedneo jk`f n`|beleeo }pgd`t fblpy &y`n`theeo"/

D/ H`ob} Y`oc`kjgyjneo Y`oceoccpteo lb Boljo`}be

Y`oceoccpteo g`tpyeneo ge}ekef yjnjn lekeg }pe|p ge}retene| gjl`to/ Hbne |bocne |bocne|| y`oceo y`oceoccp ccpteo teo |boccb |boccb++ }pgd` }pgd`tt lere lere |`tdpeo |`tdpeoc c y`tmpg y`tmpgee leo |bocn |bocne| e| y`oley y`oleye|e e|eo o ge}retene| g`tj}j|/ Lekeg }b|pe}b }`y`t|b bob n`k`}peo `njojgb eneo d`ty`ocetpf ypke  yele `gj}b ge}retene| leo n`fblpyeo n`kpetce }`fetb'fetb/ Lb o`cete'o`cete d`tn`gdeoc  y`oceoccpteo leye| lbcjkjocneo n` lekeg = h`ob} reb|p8

=

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

5/

Y`oceo Y`oceoccp ccpteo teo reoc reoc n`kbf n`kbfe|e e|eo o &qb}bdk &qb}bdk`` pol`t`g pol`t`gykj ykjrg` rg`o|" o|" Qb}bdk` pol`t`gykjrg`o| eneo |bgdpk eyedbke hpgkef sen|p n`the reoc }poccpf' }poccpf lbcpoeneo k`dbf }`lbnb| letbyele sen|p n`the reoc }eoccpy*lb}`lbeneo po|pn    d`n`t d`n`the/ he/ \`ce}o \`ce}ore+ re+ bob g`tpye g`tpyeneo neo }pe|p }pe|p y`oceo y`oceoccp ccpteo teo// G`}nby G`}nbypo po d`d`tey d`d`teyee letb letb   y`oceocc y`oceoccpteo pteo b|p |`tleye| |`tleye| lb }`n|jt'}`n|j }`n|jt'}`n|jtt n`tehboeo n`tehboeo leo bolp}|tb'bo bolp}|tb'bolp}| lp}|tb tb }`leoc }`leoc gepypo d`}et+ oegpo mpnpy y`o|boc decb o`cete'o`cete }`leoc d`tn`gdeoc net`oe eleore }bae|'}bae| nfe} n`cbe|eo }`n|jt y`t|eobeo/

4/

Y`oceo Y`oceoccp ccpteo teo |en |en n`o|et n`o|etee &boqb}b &boqb}bdk` dk` pol`t pol`t`gy `gykjr kjrg`o g`o|" |" Y`oceo Y`oceocc ccpte pteo o |en n`o|ete n`o|ete |`thelb |`thelb eyedbk eyedbkee yete yete y`n`th y`n`thee |`kef |`kef g`occp g`occpoen oeneo eo sen|p sen|p n`theore }`mete y`opf lekeg }pe|p y`n`theeo leye| lb|etbn &}`|`kef ele y`tpdefeo'   y`tpd y`tpdefe efeo o }`l`tf }`l`tfeoe eoe lekeg lekeg jtceob jtceob}e} }e}bb e|ep e|ep g`|jl` g`|jl` ytjlpn ytjlpn}b }b |`|eyb |`|eyb |eoye |eoye }pe|p }pe|p |egdefeo reoc d`}et" n` }`n|jt'}`n|jt*y`n`theeo kebo |eoye g`ocpteocb jp|yp|/

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Y`oceo Y`oceoccp ccpteo teo yj|`o yj|`o}be }bekk &yj|`o} &yj|`o}bek bek pol`t pol`t`gy `gykjr kjrg`o g`o|" |" Y`o Y`oceo ceoccpt ccpteo eo

yj|`o j|`o}b }bek ek

g`tp `tpyen yeneo

}pe|p pe|p

y`tk y`tkpe pe}e }eo o

letby etbyel elee

lb}cp b}cpb} b}`l `l

po`gykjrg`o|+ lekeg et|b defse yete y`n`the lekeg }pe|p }`n|jt leye| lb|etbn letb }`n|jt |`t}`dp| |eoye g`ocpteocb jp|yp|+ feore fetp} lbdet`ocb l`oceo y`tpdefeo'   y`t y`tpd pdef efeo eo

apol apoleg eg`o `o|e |ekk

leke lekeg g

g`|j g`|jl` l`'g 'g`| `|jl jl``

ytjl ytjlpn pn}b }b

reoc reoc

g`g` g`g`tk tkpn pneo eo

 y`gd`o|pneo neyb|ek reoc d`tet|b/

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]|plb N`y`olplpneo

Eyedbke lbcegdetneo l`oceo deceo+ gene h`ob} y`oceoccpteo bob eneo oegyen }`deceb  d`tbnp|8

Dbke lb|bohep letb }`ded'}`dedore+ y`oceoccpteo leye| lbcjkjocneo g`ohelb 3+ reb|p8 5

Y`oceoccpteo Atbn}bjoek &\teo}b}bjoek"/

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Y`oceoccpteo bob |bgdpk net`oe y`tybolefeo jteoc'jteoc letb }e|p le`tef n` le`tef kebo+ letb }e|p y`n`theeo n` y`n`theeo reoc kebo leo net`oe |efeyeo }bnkp} fblpy reoc  d`td`le/ Mjo|jf8 ' Y`tybolefe Y`tybolefeo o |`oece |`oece n`the letb }`n|jt }`n|jt y`t|eobeo y`t|eobeo n` }`n|jt }`n|jt bolp}|tb+ bolp}|tb+ po|pn }`g`o|ete g`oceoccpt/ ' D`tf`o|b letb y`n`theeo reoc kege+ g`ometb y`n`theeo reoc detp reoc k`dbf debn 

4

Y`oceoccpteo ]|tpn|ptek

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Y`oceoccpteo bob |`thelb net`oe eleore y`tpdefeo lekeg }|tpn|pt y`t`njojgbeo reoc g`or`dedneo n`k`gefeo lb dbleoc n`efkbeo kebo/ Mjo|jf8 ]pe|p le`tef reoc |elbore ectetb} ectetb} &y`t|eo &y`t|eobeo beo"" g`ohel g`ohelbb le`tef le`tef bolp}| bolp}|tb+ tb+ gene gene |`oece |`oece dbleoc dbleoc y`t|eo y`t|eobeo beo eneo eneo g`oceoccpt/

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Y`oceoccpteo ]bnkbnek e|ep ]bnkp} e|ep Njohpoc|ptek

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Y`oceoccpteo bob |`thelb net`oe eleore c`kjgdeoc njohpoc|pt+ reb|p eleore t`}`}b e|ep n`gpol n`gpolpte pteo o lekeg lekeg n`cbe|e n`cbe|eo o `njojg `njojgb/ b/ Mjo|jf Mjo|jf88 Lb }pe|p }pe|p y`tp}e y`tp}efee feeo o n`|bne n`|bne }`leoc }`leoc gehp gehp dp|pf dp|pf |`oece |`oece n`the n`the detp detp po|pn po|pn y`tkpe y`tkpe}eo }eo p}efe/ p}efe/ ]`dekbn ]`dekbnore ore n`|bne n`|bne p}efeore g`tpcb |`tp} gene eneo |`thelb YFN &Y`gp|p}eo Fpdpoceo N`the" e|ep  y`g`me|eo/

0

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

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Y`oceoccpteo Gp}bgeo &]`e}joek"

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Y`oceo Y`oceoccp ccpteo teo gp}bge gp}bgeo o |`thel |`thelbb net`oe net`oe eleore eleore y`tpde y`tpdefeo feo gp}bg/ gp}bg/ Mjo|jf Mjo|jf88 yele yele gp}bg gp}bg yeo`o+ yeo`o+ yete yete y`|eob y`|eob d`n`the d`n`the l`oceo l`oceo cbe|+ cbe|+ }`g`o| }`g`o|ete ete }`d`kp }`d`kpgor goree deoren  deoren  g`oceoccpt/

0

Y`oceoccpteo \`nojkjcb

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Y`oceoccpteo bob |`thelb net`oe eleore y`occpoeeo eke|”eke| |`nojkjcb reoc }`genbo gjl`to gjl`to// Mjo|jf Mjo|jf++ }`d`kp }`d`kpg g ele y`occb y`occbkbo kboceo ceo yelb+ yelb+ jteoc jteoc reoc reoc d`tytj d`tytja`} a`}bb }`dece }`decebb   y`opgdpn yelb d`n`the+ }`|`kef ele g`}bo y`occbkboceo yelb gene g`t`ne |blen   d`n`the kecb/

1

Y`oceoccpteo Yjkb|b}

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Y`oceoccpteo bob |`thelb net`oe eleore y`te|pteo y`g`tbo|ef reoc }`mete keoc}poc e|ep e|ep

|ble |blen+ n+

g`oc g`ocen enbd bde| e|neo neo

y`oc y`oceo eocc ccpt pteo eo//

Gb}e Gb}eko kore re

y`op y`op|p |pye yeo o

Deon Deon'd 'deo eon  n 

 d`tge}ekef }`fbocce g`obgdpkneo YFN/ 3

Y`oceoccpteo L`ake|jbt 

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Y`oceoccpteo l`ake|jbt bob lb}`dedneo |blen mpnpy |`t}`lbeore keyeoceo y`n`theeo lekeg y`t`njojgbeo }`mete n`}`kptpfeo+ e|ep net`oe hpgkef |`oece n`the g`k`dbfb n`}`gye|eo n`the+ gene |bgdpkkef y`oceoccpteo/ Y`oceoccpteo e|ep |poe netre elekef b}|bkef po|pn jteoc reoc |blen d`n`the

}ege }`nekb+ }`leoc g`ometb n`the+ d`n`the npteoc letb lpe fetb }`kege }`gboccp+ e|ep }`}`jt }`}`jteoc eoc reoc reoc }`leoc }`leoc d`tp}e d`tp}efe fe g`oley g`oleye|n e|neo eo y`n`th y`n`theeo eeo reoc reoc keren/ keren/ Y`oceo Y`oceoccp ccpteo teo pgpg pgpgor oree lb}` lb}`de dedn dneo eo net` net`oe oe hpgk hpgkef ef eocn eocne|e e|eo o n`th n`thee e|ep e|ep yete yete y`om y`ometb etb n`th n`thee |ble |blen  n  }`de }`deol olbo boc c l`oc l`oceo eo hpgk hpgkef ef keye keyeoc oceo eo n`th n`thee reoc reoc ele ele reoc reoc gegy gegyp p g`or g`or`te `teyo yore re// Y`oceoccpteo }`tbocnekb g`ohelb ge}ekef lekeg y`t`njojgbeo net`oe l`oceo eleore   y`oceoccpteo+ ytjlpn|bqb|e} leo y`oleye|eo ge}retene| eneo d`tnpteoc }`fbocce leye| g`or`dedneo |bgdpkore n`gb}nboeo leo ge}ekef'ge}ekef }j}bek keboore/

\bocn \bocne| e| y`oceo y`oceoccp ccpteo teo leye| leye| lbfb|p lbfb|poc oc l`oceo l`oceo mete g`gdeo g`gdeolbo lbocne cneo o hpgkef hpgkef  y`oceoccpteo l`oceo hpgkef eocne|eo n`the reoc lbore|eneo lekeg y`t}`o/ N`|beleeo  y`oleye|eo g`or`dedneo y`oceoccpt fetp} g`ocpteocb y`oc`kpeteo njo}pg}bore reoc g`or`dedneo g`optpoore |bocne| n`gengpteo leo n`}`hef|`teeo/ Y`oceoccpteo reoc  d`tn`yeoheoceo hpce leye| g`obgdpkneo `a`n y}bnjkjcb} reoc dptpn |`tfeley y`oceoccpt  1

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

leo n`kpet n`kpetceo ceore/ re/ \bocne \bocne|| y`oceo y`oceoccp ccpteo teo reoc reoc |`tkekp |`tkekp |boccb |boccb hpce hpce leye| leye| g`or`d g`or`dedn edneo eo n`nemepeo yjkb|bn  n`eg n`egeo eoeo eo leo leo }j}b }j}bek ek }`fb }`fboc occe ce g`oc g`occe ceoc occp cp y`t|p y`t|pgd gdpf pfeo eo leo leo  y`gdeocpoeo `njojgb/ Enbde| heocne yeoheoc elekef g`optpoore COY leo y`oleye|eo  y`t neyb|e }pe|p o`cete/ o`cete/ Lb o`cete'o`cete d`tn`gdeoc }`y`t|b Boljo`}be+ lbn`oek b}|bkef $y`oceoccpteo |`t}`kpdpoc$ lb geoe y`n`theeo reoc }`g`}|bore db}e lbkenpneo l`oceo |`oece n`the }`lbnb|+ lbkenpneo jk`f k`dbf deoren jteoc/

Gemeg'gemeg Gemeg'gemeg y`oceoccp y`oceoccpteo teo d`tle}etneo d`tle}etneo y`or`ded y`or`ded |`thelbore |`thelbore lbn`kjgyj lbn`kjgyjnneo nneo g`ohelb d`d`teye h`ob}+ reb|p 8 5/ Y`oceoccpteo }bnkb}*njohpoc|pt 8

Lb}`dedneo Lb}`dedneo jk`f }bnkp} }bnkp} `njojgb `njojgb e|ep g`tj}j|ore g`tj}j|ore n`cbe|eo y`t`njojgbeo+ y`t`njojgbeo+ gb}ekore gb}ekore 8 |`thelbore ntb}b} `njojgb ckjdek g`gdpe| deoren y`tp}efeeo deocntp| reoc d`tbgde}  yele YFN netreseo/

Mete g`oce|e}b 8 ․

Y`obocne|eo lere d`kb ge}retene|

․

G`ocetefneo y`tgbo|eeo ge}retene| po|pn g`gd`kb deteoc leo he}e

․

G`gy`tkpe} ye}et deteoc leo he}e

․

G`oce|pt }pnp dpoce deon ecet |blen |`tkekp |boccb

4/ Y`oceoccpteo Y`oceoccpteo }|tpn|ptek8

Lb}`dedneo Lb}`dedneo jk`f y`tpdefeo y`tpdefeo }|tpn|pt `njojgb }pe|p o`cete+ gb}ekore8 gb}ekore8 y`tpdefeo y`tpdefeo letb }`n|jt ectetb} n` bolp}|tb }`fbocce |`thelb y`oceoccpteo lb }`n|jt ectetb}/

Mete g`oce|e}b 8 ․

Y`olblbneo leo y`ke|bfeo |`oece n`the

․

G`olbtbneo bolp}|tb yele| netre

․

G`obocne|neo gjdbkb|e} gjlek leo |`oece n`the

․

G`gbolefneo n`k`dbfeo |`oece n`the letb |`gye| leo }`n|jt reoc d`tk`dbfeo n` |`gye| leo }`n|jt reoc n`npteoceo

=/ Y`oceoccpteo \`nojkjcb8 3

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

Lb}`de Lb}`dedne dneo o eleore eleore gjl`to gjl`tob}e b}e}b }b *n`geh *n`gehpeo peo |`nojk |`nojkjcb jcb lekeg lekeg d`tytj d`tytjlpn lpn}b+ }b+ gb}eko gb}ekore re 8   yedtb yedtbn n reoc reoc lpkp lpkp g`occp g`occpoen oeneo eo |`oece |`oece n`the n`the geop}b geop}bee lbceo| lbceo|bb l`oceo l`oceo g`}bo g`}bo g`}bo+ g`}bo+ enbde|ore g`ocpteocb |`oece n`the geop}be/

Mete g`oce|e}b 8 ․

G`gy`t}beyneo ge}retene| po|pn leye| g`ocbnp|b y`tn`gdeoceo |`nojkjcb l`oceo mete g`ge}pnneo ge|`tb nptbnpkpg y`ke|bfeo |`nojkjcb lb }`njkef/

․

Y`oc`oekeo |`nojkjcb }`hen lbob

․

Y`ke|bfeo |`oece y`olblbn po|pn y`ocpe}eeo |`nojkjcb


Lb}`de Lb}`dedne dneo o eleore eleore n`}pkb n`}pkb|eo |eo |`gyjt |`gyjt`t+ `t+ reb|p reb|p y`tc`} y`tc`}`teo `teo reoc reoc |bde'|b |bde'|bde de |`thel |`thelbb yele yele   y`oeseteo y`oeseteo leo y`tgbo|eeo y`tgbo|eeo |`oece |`oece n`the }`fbocce }`fbocce }pkb| g`gy`t|`gpneo g`gy`t|`gpneo y`ometb n`the l`oceo kjsjoceo n`the reoc ele/ Gb}ekore 8 y`n`the reoc d`tn`bocboeo g`gy`tjk`f   y`n`t y`n`theeo heeo reoc reoc k`dbf k`dbf debn+ debn+ }`kege }`kege ytj}`} ytj}`} }`k`n} }`k`n}bb be eneo eneo g`opoc g`opoccp cp gene gene be leye| leye| lbne|`cjtbneo }`deceb y`oceoccpteo atbn}bjoek/

Mete g`oce|e}b 8 ․

G`gd`tbneo boajtge}b reoc k`ocney |`o|eoc y`tgbo|eeo leo y`oeseteo |`oece n`the

․

G`orp}po t`omeoe y`occpoeeo |`oece n`the }`debn gpocnbo

․

G`gd`tbneo deo|peo ybohegeo kpoen po|pn PNG

0/ Y`oceoccpteo Gp}bgeo 8

Lb}`dedneo eleore y`tceo|beo*y`tpdefeo gp}bg+ dbe}eore |`thelb lb le`tef y`t|eobeo+ gb}e gb}eko kore re 8 y`|e y`|eob ob reoc reoc g`op g`opoc occp cp gp}b gp}bg g yeo` yeo`o+ o+ gene gene be eneo eneo g`oc g`oceo eocc ccpt pt po|p po|pn  n  }`g`o|ete sen|p/

Mete g`oce|e}b 8 ․

Y`gd`tbeo boajtge}b reoc h`ke} |`o|eoc eleore kjsjoceo n`the yele dbleoc kebo

․

g`kenpneo y`ke|bfeo n`|`tegybkeo |`oece n`the lb sen|p kpeoc

․

g`oceleneo y`ke|bfeo n`the

1/ Y`oceoccpteo Qjkpo|etr*}pnet`ke 8

Lb}`dedneo eleore jteoc reoc }`d`oetore ge}bf leye| d`n`the |`|eyb l`oceo }pnet`ke |blen d`n`the+ }`ded be g`gy`tjk`f y`ocfe}bkeo letb fet|e*n`nereeo g`t`ne+ gb}ekore8 }`jteoc reoc g`or`seneo tpgef/

Mete g`oce|e}b 8 6

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

․

G`oetbn Boq`}|jt detp

․

Y`oc`gdeoceo |teo}gbcte}b

․

G`gd`tbneo deo|peo ybohegeo kpoen po|pn PNG

3/ Y`oceoccpteo L`ake}bjo`t 8

Lb}`dedneo net`oe kjsjoceo y`n`theeo |blen mpnpy po|pn g`oegypoc y`ometb n`the/

Mete g`oce|e}b 8 ․

Y`ke|bfeo |`oece n`the

․

G`oetbn boq`}|jt detp

․

Y`oc`gdeoceo |teo}gbcte}b

6/ Y`oceoccpteo }bnkp}

Elekef y`oceoccpteo reoc lbenbde|neo jk`f g`optpoore n`cbe|eo y`t`njojgbeo &net`oe |`thelb t`}`}b"/ Y`oceoccpteo }bnkp} lb}`dedneo jk`f npteocore y`tgbo|eeo ge}retene| &ecct`te| l`geol"/

Gemeg'gemeg Gemeg'gemeg y`oceoccp y`oceoccpteo teo d`tle}etneo d`tle}etneo y`or`ded y`or`ded |`thelbore |`thelbore lbn`kjgyj lbn`kjgyjnneo nneo g`ohelb d`d`teye h`ob}+ reb|p 8 5/ Y`oceoccpteo \`tdpne

Elekef jteoc reoc }ege }`nekb |blen d`n`the leo |blen d`tp}efe g`ometb y`n`theeo/

4/ ]`|`ocef G`oceoccpt

Elekef Elekef jteoc reoc d`n`the |`|eyb |`oeceore |`oeceore npteoc |`tgeoaee|neo |`tgeoaee|neo lbpnpt lbpnpt letb heg n`the+  ytjlpn|bqb|e} n`the+ leo y`ocfe}bkeoore+ gb}ekore 8 ․

Y`n`theeo reoc }`fetp}ore lbkenpneo 4 jteoc lbn`theneo < jteoc+ d`tet|b 4 jteoc lbeo|eteore elekef }`|`ocef g`oceoccpt/

․

Jteoc Jteoc reoc reoc d`n`th d`n`thee npteoc npteoc letb letb =0 heg y`t gboccp gboccp leye| lbne|en lbne|eneo eo }`|`oc }`|`ocef ef g`oceoccpt/

=/ Y`oceoccpteo \`t}`kpdpoc

|`oece n`the reoc |blen d`n`the }`mete jy|bgek net`oe }pe|p eke}eo |`t|`o|p+ gb}ekore 8 }`jteoc }etheoe reoc d`n`the }`deceb |pneoc yetnbt gjdbk/ M/ G`ocfb|poc Eocne Y`oceoccpteo Y`oceoccpteo

2

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

G`occpoeneo tpgp} 8

 Hpgkef y`oceoccpteo y`oceoccpteo Eocne y`oceoccpteo y`oceoccpteo 7 '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' v 599 %

 hpgkef eocne|eo n`the

mjo|jf ]jek 8

Hpgkef y`oceoccpteo lb T\ 0 TS = Sjojntjgj elekef 299 hbse leo hpgkef eocne|eo n`theore
Hesed 8 Eocne y`oceoccpteo 8

 hpgkef y`oceoccpteo 7 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' v 599% Hpgkef eocne|eo n`the 299 7 '''''''''''''''''''' v 599 %
7 49 %

L/ ]`ded']`ded leo Legyen \`thelbore Y`oceoccpteo

59

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

Aen|jt'aen|jt reoc g`or`dedneo |`thelbore y`oceoccpteo elekef }`deceb d`tbnp| 8 5/

D`}eto D`}etore re Eocne| Eocne|eo eo N`the N`the \blen \blen ]`bgdeo ]`bgdeoc c l`oceo l`oceo N`}`gy N`}`gye|eo e|eo N`the N`the N`|blen}`bgdeoceo |`thelb eyedbke hpgkef eocne|eo n`the k`dbf d`}et letbyele n`}`gye|eo n`the reoc |`t}`lbe/ Njolb}b }`dekbnore }eoce| heteoc |`thelb/

4/

]|tp ]|tpn| n|pt pt Keye Keyeoc oceo eo N`th N`thee \blen \blen ]`bg ]`bgde deoc oc//

=/

N`dp N`dp|p |pfe feo o hpgk hpgkef ef leo leo h`ob h`ob}} |`oe |`oece ce |`tlb |`tlblb lbn n leo leo y`or y`or`l `lbe beeo eo |`oe |`oece ce |`tl |`tlbl blbn  bn  |blen }`bgdeoc/ Eyedbke n`}`gye|eo n`the hpgkefore }ege e|ep k`dbf d`}et letbyele eocne|eo n`the+ y`oceoccpteo d`kpg |`o|p |blen |`thelb/ Eke}eoore+ d`kpg |`o|p |`thelb |`thelb n`}`}pebeo n`}`}pebeo eo|ete |bocne| |bocne| y`olblbneo y`olblbneo reoc lbdp|pfne lbdp|pfneo o leo reoc |`t}`lbe/ |`t}`lbe/ N`|blen}`bgdeoceo |`t}`dp| g`ocenbde|neo }`decbeo |`oece n`the reoc ele |blen  leye| g`ocb}b n`}`gye|eo n`the reoc |`t}`lbe/


G`ob G`oboc ocne ne|o |ore re y`teo y`teoeo eo leo e}ybt e}ybte} e}bb

Eocn Eocne| e|eo eo N`the N`the Seob| Seob|ee leke lekeg g }`kp }`kptp tpf f

}|tpn|pt Eocne|eo N`the Boljo`}be/ 0/

Y`or`l Y`or`lbeeo beeo leo leo Y`geoa Y`geoaee| ee|eo eo \`oece \`oece N`the N`the eo|et eo|et le`tef le`tef |blen |blen }`bgdeo }`bgdeoc/ c/

1/

G`optp G`optpoor ooree |boc |bocne| ne| y`tgbo y`tgbo|eeo |eeo |`oece |`oece n`the/ n`the/

3/

Eocn Eocne| e|eo eo n`th n`thee |ble |blen n gegy gegyp p g`g` g`g`op opfb fb npek npekba babn bne} e}bb reoc reoc lbgb lbgbo| o|ee jk`f jk`f lpob lpobee n`the/

6/

Y`tn`gdeoce Y`tn`gdeoceo o |`nojkj |`nojkjcb cb |blen |blen lbbgdeocb lbbgdeocb jk`f n`|tegybkeo n`|tegybkeo leo y`olblbneo y`olblbneo//

2/

\ble \blen n eleo eleore re n`m n`mjm jmjn jneo eo pye pyef/ f/

59/ \blen \blen g`gbkbn g`gbkbnbb n`gepeo n`gepeo sbtep}ef sbtep}efe/ e/ 55/ N`|blend`tf N`|blend`tfe}bkeo e}bkeo }`n|jt }`n|jt bolp}| bolp}|tb tb n`mbk/ n`mbk/ 54/ N`|blen}|ed N`|blen}|edbkeo bkeo n`eleeo n`eleeo y`t`njojgbe y`t`njojgbeo+ o+ yjkb|bn leo leo n`egeoeo n`egeoeo O`cete/ 5=/ Npteocore Npteocore boajtg boajtge}b e}b g`oc`oeb g`oc`oeb kjsjoce kjsjoceo o n`the/ n`the/

Legyen'legyen y`oceoccpteo elekef }`deceb d`tbnp| 8 5/Legyen @njojgb+ eo|ete kebo 8 ․

g`optpoore |bocne| y`oleye|eo ge}retene|

․

g`optpoore fe}bk ytjlpn}b

․

|`tfegde|ore y`t|pgdpfeo `njojgb

․

 y`ocfe}bkeo yehen o`cete g`optpo/

4/ Legyen ]j}bek+ eo|ete kebo 8 ․

oebnore |bocne| ntbgboekb|e} 55

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

․

oebnore hpgkef jteoc }|t`}

․

oebnore hpgkef jteoc dpopf lbtb

=/ Legyen Bolbqblp leo N`kpetce+ eo|ete kebo 8 ․

t`|enore fpdpoceo n`kpetce

․

|ptpoore }|e|p} }j}bek+

․

fbkeocore fetce lbtb/

@/ G`geoaee|neo \`oece'\`oece reoc G`oceoccpt

\`oece'|`oec \`oece'|`oecee reoc g`oceoccpt g`oceoccpt g`tpyeneeo g`tpyeneeo y`t}`lbeeo y`t}`lbeeo aen|jt aen|jt ytjlpn}b ytjlpn}b reoc leye| lbnjgdboe}bneo l`oceo aen|jt'aen|jt ytjlpn}b kebo po|pn g`obocne|neo jp|yp| lb o`cete'o`cete }`leoc d`tn`gdeoc/ Y`t}`lbeeo |`oece n`the bob h`ke} k`dbf deoren |`tleye| lb le`tef'le`tef reoc yele| y`olplpnore/ Ge}ekef y`geoaee|eo |`oece g`oceoccpt bob g`oreocnp| debn }`cb y`oeseteo gepypo }`cb y`tgbo|eeo/ Po|pn g`gy`tkpe} y`tgbo|eeo eneo |`oece n`the lby`tkpneo eleore y`ocjtceob}e}beo |`oece n`the }`y`t|b fekore l`oceo neyb|ek/ Y`gdeocpoeo ge}retene| l`}e gpocnbo g`tpyeneo hekeo reoc debn+ net`oe feore lby`tkpneo neyb|ek reoc t`ke|ba |blen d`}et/ ]pe|p n`po|poceo y`occpoeeo |`oece'|`oece reoc g`oceoccpt }`mete gp}bgeo renob |blen g`ocpteocb |`oece'|`oece reoc lby`tkpne po|pn po|pn g`oceleneo g`oceleneo yeo`oeo gepypo gepypo y`oeoegeo/ y`oeoegeo/ Bolp}|tb'bo Bolp}|tb'bolp}|t lp}|tbb n`mbk hpce gpocnbo gpocnbo }`nekb eneo g`or`tey |`oece|`oece reoc g`oceoccpt net`oe gp}bg e|ep g`geoc }`mete ntjob}/

Ge}ekef y`tkpe}eo y`oeseteo |`oece n`the g`obgdpkneo enbde|'enbde| reoc k`dbf kpe} kecb/ ]`y`t|b lbore|eneo jk`f Ytja`}jt K`bd`o}|`bo+ n`gegypeo po|pn g`ocfe}bkneo k`dbf deoren |`tceo|poc yele nekjtb reoc lbgbkbnb jk`f |`oece n`the b|p/ ]`fbocce |blen   d`cb|p gplef oegyenore po|pn g`oetbn |`oece n`the letb }`n|jt y`t|eobeo reoc n`gplbeo bob bob eneo eneo lbbn lbbnp| p|bb jk`f jk`f y`oe y`oetb tbne neo o defe defeo o gene geneoe oeo o letb letb }`n| }`n|jt jt y`t| y`t|eo eobe beo o ypke ypke }`y` }`y`t| t|bb lbn`gpneneo jk`f Ytja`}jt Tecoet Optn}`/ N`|blen}`gyptoeeo ye}et leye| g`ocfegde| ekjne}b }pgd`t'}pgd`t*aen|jt'aen|jt ytjlpn}b }`mete k`dbf `ab}b`o+ hbne lekeg ge}retene| b|p b|p |`tl |`tley eye| e| }pe| }pe|p p }p}p }p}poe oeo o }j}b }j}bek ek reoc reoc nenp nenp++ npte npteoc oc eleo eleore re }y`} }y`}be bekb} kb}e} e}b+ b+ eleo eleore re n`|blen}|e n`|blen}|edbkeo dbkeo aen|jt'aen|j aen|jt'aen|jtt ytjlpn}b/ ytjlpn}b/ Ge}ekef'ge} Ge}ekef'ge}ekef ekef bob leye| lbe|e}b lbe|e}b l`oceo l`oceo }pe|p  y`teomeoceo leo y`oc`kjkeeo reoc debn+ }`t|e lbeleneo }ptq`r reoc g`olekeg g`oc`oeb 54

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

n`gpocnboeo'n`gpocnboeo boq`}|e}b detp reoc oeo|bore eneo leye| g`ocpdef }bae|'}bae| }j}bek leo n`dplereeo/

A/ Legyen @njojgb

Ge}ret Ge}retene ene|| }eoce| }eoce|kef kef g`oleg g`olegden deneo eo |`t}`lb |`t}`lbeor eoree deoren deoren keyeoc keyeoceo eo y`n`th y`n`theeo eeo net`oe n`eleeo }`y`t|b bob d`tet|b leye| lbfe}bkneoore jp|yp| reoc |boccb leo lby`tjk`fore   y`o y`ole leye ye|e |eo o reoc reoc |boc |boccb cb ypke/ ypke/ Lb }egy }egybo boc c b|p+ b|p+ deor deoren en n`kj n`kjgy gyjn jn ge}r ge}rete etene ne|| reoc reoc g`oceoccey d`n`the b|p g`gyporeb obkeb |`t}`olbtb/ Hbne eocne y`oceocccpteo |boccb+ gene eneo deoren jp|yp| reoc fbkeoc+ y`oleye|eo g`optpo+ leo ge}retene| g`ol`tb|e  de|bo net`oe fbkeocore te}e fetce lbtb/ Y`o|bocoere ge}ekef y`oceoccpteo |`oece n`the &n`} &n`}`g `gye ye|e |eo o n`the n`the"" letb letb }`cb }`cb `njo `njojg jgbb leo leo n`tp n`tpcb cbeo eo d`}e d`}ett reoc reoc lben lbenbd bde|n e|neo eo jk`f jk`f  y`oceoccpteo g`tpyeneo }`cb'}`cb ge}ekef reoc lb|bohep lekeg eoekb}b} }bnkp} `njojgb/

C/ Y`ocpnpteo \bocne| Y`oceoccpteo Y`oceoccpteo

Le|e g`oc`oeb hpgkef jteoc reoc d`n`the leo jteoc reoc g`oceoccpt g`tpyeneo }ekef }ekef }e|p }e|p h`ob h`ob}} le|e le|e reoc reoc lbteo lbteomeo meoc c }`met }`metee m`tge m`tge|| leo leo le|e le|e `njo `njojg jgbb reoc reoc }eoc }eoce| e| njgyt`f`o}ba/ Le|e |`t}`dp| lbnpgypkneo }`|bey dpkeo l`oceo g`occpoeneo ytj}`lpt  reoc reoc lb}` lb}`dp dp|| }egy }egyk` k` emen emen &teol &teoljg jg }egy }egykb kboc oc"" letb letb }`kp }`kptp tpf f yjyp yjypke ke}b }b// ]`|b ]`|bey ey dpke dpkeo o lbkenpneo \eore hesed |`tfeley }`nb|et 19/999 tpgef |eocce |`tp|ege g`oc`oeb h`ob}  y`n`theeo reoc g`t`ne gbkbnb/ ]ptq`r |`t}`dp| g`gdecb y`olplpn reoc d`tpgpt 51 e|ep k`dbf n` lekeg |bce n`kjgyjn+ reb|p8 5/ D`n`the D`n`the &`gykjr`l"/ &`gykjr`l"/ Lekeg n`kjgyjn n`kjgyjn bob elekef jteoc'jteoc jteoc'jteoc reoc g`kenpneo g`kenpneo h`ob}

 y`n`theeo eye }ehe reoc g`ocfe}bkneo peoc+ |`tge}pn lb lekegore jteoc'jteoc reoc g`gypo g`gyporeb reb y`n`the y`n`theeo eo eneo eneo |`|eyb |`|eyb }`leoc }`leoc |blen |blen d`n`the d`n`the net`oe net`oe }enb|+ }enb|+ g`kenp g`kenpneo neo  y`gjcjneo+ e|ep }`leoc d`tkbdpt/

4/

G`oceoccpt &po`gykjr`l"/ Lekeg n`kjgyjn bob |`tge}pn jteoc'jteoc reoc |blen   d`n`the eneo |`|eyb }`mete en|ba }`leoc g`ometb y`n`theeo e|ep jteoc'jteoc reoc }`le }`leoc oc g`op g`opoc occp cp po|p po|pn n n`gd n`gdek ekbb d`n` d`n`the the// K`db K`dbf f |`ye| |`ye| kecb+ kecb+ }`}` }`}`jt jteo eoc c lb}` lb}`dp dp|| 5=

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

g`oceoccpt hbne be |blen d`n`the leo &e" |`kef g`kenpneo pyere'pyere |`t|`o|p po|pn  g`oleye|neo y`n`theeo }`kege < gboccp |`tenfbt+ &d" lbd`tf`o|bneo po|pn }`g`o|ete leo }`leoc g`opoccp po|pn lbyeoccbk n`gdekb d`n`the+ e|ep &m" }`leoc g`opoccp po|pn g`keyjtneo lbtb }bey d`n`the dpkeo l`yeo/ Jteoc reoc |`tcjkjoc d`n`the e|ep g`oceoccpt lbn`kjgyjnneo n` lekeg eocne|eo n`the &kedjt ajtm`"/

=/

\ble \blen n |`tg |`tge} e}pn pn eocn eocne| e|eo eo n`the n`the// Lb leke lekego gore re |`tg |`tge} e}pn pn =< y`t} y`t}`o `o letb y`olpl y`olplpn  pn  l`se}e reoc }`leoc }`njkef+ bdp tpgef |eocce+ y`o}bpoeo+ |blen gegyp d`n`the+ e|ep }`ge|e'ge|e |blen d`tgen}pl po|pn g`ometb n`the/

F/ L`abob}b Y`g`tbo|ef G`oc`oeb Y`oceoccpteo

Jteoc'jteoc reoc ypore y`n`theeo elekef |`tcjkjoc d`n`the> jteoc'jteoc reoc |blen g`gyporeb y`n`theeo eneo |`|eyb }`leoc lekeg p}efe g`ometb y`n`theeo |`tcjkjoc   y`oceoccp y`oceoccpteo> teo> jteoc'jteoc jteoc'jteoc reoc |blen g`gyporeb g`gyporeb y`n`theeo y`n`theeo |`|eyb |blen d`tgen}pl d`tgen}pl po|pn po|pn g`metb g`metb y`n`th y`n`theeo eeo |blen |blen lbge}p lbge}pnne nneo o lekeg lekeg n`kjgy n`kjgyjn jn eocne| eocne|eo eo n`the/ n`the/ \bocne \bocne||  y`oceoccpteo lbfb|p lbfb|poc oc letb letb hpgkef hpgkef jteoc jteoc reoc reoc g`oceo g`oceoccp ccptt lbdecb lbdecb l`oceo l`oceo }`kptp }`kptpf f eocne|eo n`the/

B/ Y`oceoceoccpteo Lb|bohep letb Bo|`tyt`|e}b Bo|`tyt`|e}b @njojgb

]`neteoc ]`neteoc nb|e d`tekbf letb mete y`g`tbo|ef y`g`tbo|ef g`ocfb|poc g`ocfb|poc deorenore deorenore y`oceoccp y`oceoccpteo teo n` eoekb} eoekb}b} b} `njojg `njojgbor bore/ e/ Po|pn Po|pn g`oceo g`oceoekb ekb}b} }b} leo g`oc`o g`oc`oek ek k`dbf k`dbf hepf hepf }|tpn| }|tpn|pt pt ye}et  ye}et  |`oe |`oece ce n`th n`thee hege hegeo o }`ne }`nete teoc oc bob+ bob+ yete yete efkb efkb `njo `njojg jgbb |`ke |`kef f g`gd g`gdec ecbb |bce |bce h`ob h`ob}}  y`oceoccpteo+ reb|p8 5/

Y`oc Y`oceo eocc ccpt pteo eo atb atbn} n}bj bjoe oekk

\`thelb net`oe d`tybolefore jteoc'jteoc letb }e|p le`tef n` le`tef kebo+ leo letb }e|p h`ob} y`n`theeo n` y`n`theeo kebo e|ep g`kekpb d`tdeceb |bocne| }bnkp} n`fblpyeo reoc d`td`le/ Defneo hbne }pe|p y`t`njojgbeo d`tele yele |bocne| lb geoe |blen ele  y`oceoccpteo ypo & apkk `gykjrg`o|  "+ eneo }`kekp |`thelb y`typ|eteo & |ptojq`t " net`oe  apkk  `gykjrg`o| "+ eleore jteocjteoc reoc detp }ehe g`or`k`}ebneo }`njkefore leo g`ometb y`n`theeo+ e|ep net`oe y`tybolefeo letb }e|p nj|e n` nj|e kebo/ Yete seob|e n`gpocnboeo eneo 5<

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

ge}pn n`gdekb n` detb}eo y`ometb n`the }`|`kef g`t`ne g`kefbtneo eoen'eoen/ Net`oe g`t`ne reoc |`tcjkjoc n` lekeg y`oceoccpteo atbn}bjoek bob }`tboc d`tybolef letb }e|p |`gye| y`n`theeo n` y`n`theeo kebo+ e|ep g`ometb |`gye| n`the reoc k`dbf debn+ gene g`t`ne bob }`tboc lbeoccey }`deceb y`oceoccpt ‛}pnet`ke‗/

4/

Y`oc Y`oceo eocp cpte teo o }|t }|tpn pn||ptek ptek

G`opohpnn G`opohpnneo eo |`thelbore |`thelbore n`|blen}`} n`|blen}`}pebo pebo eo|ete y`oeseteo y`oeseteo leo y`tgbo|eeo y`tgbo|eeo |`oece |`oece n`th n`the/ e/ N`|b N`|ble len} n}`} `}pe pebeo beo bob bob |`th |`thel elbb net` net`oe oe y`tg y`tgbo bo|ee |eeo o e|e} e|e} }e|p }e|p h`ob h`ob}} y`n` y`n`th theeo eeo  d`t|egdef }`g`o|ete y`gbo|eeo e|e} h`ob} y`n`theeo kebo g`optpo+ leo y`oeseteo |blen leye| g`kenpneo y`or`}pebeo l`oceo m`ye| e|e} }b|pe}b |`t}`dp|/ Nb|e }`tboc g`kbfe| n`|blen}`bgdeoceo }|tpn|ptek eo|ete d`tdeceb h`ob} y`n`theeo e|epypo le`tef+ lb geoe }`n|jt}`n|jt |`t|`o|p d`t|pgdpf }`g`o|ete reoc kebo g`ocekegb y`optpoeo/

=/

Y`oce oceoccp occptteo }bnk }bnkb} b}

\`thelb eyedbke y`tgbo|eeo |`oece n`the }`mete n`}`kptpfeo t`olef/ Eyedbke |j|ek   y`gd` y`gd`keo keoheeo heeo leo jp|yp| jp|yp| g`optp g`optpo+ o+ gene gene y`oceo y`oceoccp ccpteo teo eneo g`oboc g`obocne| ne| l`oceo l`oceo }`c`te }`c`te lb }`ceke }`ceke dbleoc dbleoc// Lekeg Lekeg ge}e ge}e t`}`}b t`}`}b |efpo |efpo 5264+ 5264+ |bocne |bocne|| y`oceo y`oceoccp ccpteo teo g`obocne| lb <6 letb 09 o`cete decbeo/ N`oebneo |bocne| y`oceoccpteo bob |`kef g`gd`tbneo y`t|eole defse y`oceoccpteo bob }`decbeo d`}et d`t}bae| }bnkb}/

Y`td`l Y`td`leeo eeo eo|ete eo|ete y`oceo y`oceocpt cpteo eo }bnkb} }bnkb} l`oceo l`oceo h`ob} h`ob} y`oceo y`oceoccp ccpteo teo keboor kebooree g`gdeo|p g`gdeo|p yete efkb `njojgb `njojgb po|pn po|pn g`kenpneo g`kenpneo lbecoj}e lbecoj}e |`tfeley |`tfeley |bocne| |bocne| n`}`fe|eo n`}`fe|eo   ye}et ye}et |`oece |`oece n`the/ n`the/ \bocne \bocne|| y`oceo y`oceocpt cpteo eo atbn}bj atbn}bjoek oek leo }|tpn| }|tpn|pte ptekk leye| leye| |`thel |`thelbb g`}nbypo ye}et |`oece n`the }`mete n`}`kptpfeo d`tele lekeg |bocne| n`}`bgdeoceo+ gb}e gb}eko kore re

n`|b n`|ben en

|boc |bocne ne||

y`t| y`t|pe pene nete teo o

&|ptojq`t "

}eoce|

|boccb+

e|ep n`|bne

n`|blen}`bgdeoceo c`jcteab} }eoce| d`}et/ Y`oceoccpteo }bnkb} |`thelb eyedbke hpgkef n`}`gye|eo n`the g`optpo }`deceb enbde| letb |`thelbore n`|blen}`bgdeoceo eo|ete  y`oeseteo ect`ce| leo y`tgbo|eeo ect`ce|/

H/ N`dbheneo ” N`dbheneo Y`oceoccpteo Y`oceoccpteo

50

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

Eleore Eleore d`tgemeg'geme d`tgemeg'gemeg g y`oceoccp y`oceoccpteo teo g`gdp|pfn g`gdp|pfneo eo mete'mete mete'mete g`oce|e}bor g`oce|e}boree reoc lb}`}pebneo l`oceo h`ob} y`oceoccpteo reoc |`thelb+ reb|p }dd 8

Mete G`oce|e}b Y`oceoccpteo ]|tpn|ptek 5/

Y`oboc Y`obocne| ne|eo eo gjdbkb gjdbkb|e} |e} gjlek gjlek leo leo |`oece |`oece n`the/ n`the/

4/

]`c`te g`gbolefne g`gbolefneo o n`k`dbfeo n`k`dbfeo |`oece |`oece n`the letb |`gye| |`gye| leo }`m|jt }`m|jt reoc reoc n`k`dbf n`k`dbfeo eo n` |`gye| leo }`m|jt `njojgb reoc n`npteoceo/

=/

G`ocel G`ocelene eneo o y`ke|bfeo y`ke|bfeo |`oece |`oece n`the n`the po|pn po|pn g`ocb} g`ocb}bb ajtge} ajtge}bb n`}`gye| n`}`gye|eo eo &kjsjoce &kjsjoceo" o" n`the reoc nj}joc+ leo


]`c`te g`olbtbneo g`olbtbneo bolp}|tb bolp}|tb yele| yele| netre netre lb sbkeref sbkeref reoc g`ocekegb g`ocekegb y`oceo y`oceoccpt ccpteo/ eo/

Mete G`oce|e}b Y`oceoccpteo Atbn}bjoek 5/

Y`tkpe Y`tkpe}eo }eo n`}`gye n`}`gye|eo |eo n`the n`the l`oceo l`oceo mete g`olbtbn g`olbtbneo eo bolp}|tb bolp}|tb'bo 'bolp} lp}|tb |tb detp+ detp+ |`tp|ege |`tp|ege reoc d`t}bae| yele| netre/

4/

L`t`c L`t`cpk pke} e}bb leo leo L`db L`dbtj tjnt nte|b e|b}e }e}b }b lb d`td d`tdec eceb eb dble dbleoc oc bolp bolp}| }|tb tb po|p po|pn n g`teo g`teoc} c}eo eoc c |bgdpkore boq`}|e}b detp/

=/

G`occe G`occeken kenneo neo y`oc`g y`oc`gdeo deoceo ceo }`m|jt }`m|jt Boajtge Boajtgek+ k+ }`y`t| }`y`t|bb fjg` bolbp}|tb /


G`occe G`occeken kenneo neo ytjcte ytjcteg g |teo}gbct |teo}gbcte}b e}b po|pn po|pn g`'or`t g`'or`tey ey |`oece |`oece n`the lb }`m|jt }`m|jt ectetb} ectetb} leo }`m|jt ajtgek keboore/

0/

Y`gdpneeo Y`gdpneeo ytjr`n ytjr`n'ytjr 'ytjr`n `n pgpg pgpg jk`f jk`f y`g`'tbo y`g`'tbo|ef+ |ef+ }`y`t|b }`y`t|b y`gdeocp y`gdeocpoeo oeo h`gde|e h`gde|eo+ o+  hekeo tere+ YK\P+ YK\E+ leo kebo'kebo }`fbocce db}e g`or`tey |`oece n`the }`mete keoc}poc gepypo po|pn g`teoc}eoc boq`}|e}b detp letb nekeoceo }se}|e/

Mete g`oce|e}b Y`oceoccpteo ]bnkp} 5/

G`ocet G`ocetefn efneo eo y`tgbo y`tgbo|ee |eeo o ge}reten ge}retene| e| |`tfele |`tfeley y deteoc deteoc leo he}e he}e++ leo

4/

G`ob G`oboc ocne ne|n |neo eo ler leree d`kb d`kb Ge} Ge}re rete tene ne|/ |/

N/ Y`oceoccpteo Lb|bohep letb ]plp| \`jtb @njojgb Gbntj

51

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

\blen \blen ele |jybn |jybn reoc reoc g`obgd g`obgdpkn pkneo eo njo|tj njo|tjq`t q`t}b }b |eheg |eheg lb nekeoc nekeoceo eo yete yete efkb efkb `njojg `njojgbb }`kebo }`kebo y`gdef y`gdefe}e e}eo o g`oc`o g`oc`oeb eb }`dede }`dede'}`d '}`ded ed |`thelb |`thelbore ore y`oceo y`oceoccp ccpteo teo lekeg lekeg  y`t`njojgbeo ye}et/ Bkgp `njojgb g`ocehetneo defse fetce }`kekp oebn e|ep |ptpo po|pn  g`or`bgdeocneo ye}et njgy`|b|ba/ Yele |bocne| fetce reoc |`kef lb|`|eyneo jk`f ye}et+  yete y`gd`kb eneo gep g`gd`kb eye reoc gep lbhpek jk`f yete y`ohpek/

Yete efkb `njojgb d`tyekboc n` |`jtb gbntj `njojgb po|pn g`omjde g`gefegb `n}b}|`o}b y`oceoccpteo bob/ G`}nbypo }egyeb }ee| bob d`kpg lb|`gpneo }e|p |`jtb reoc lb|`tbge }`mete pgpg+ eneo |`|eyb deoren eoekb}b} }}`jkef'jkef d`tgpete n` }e|p y`oleye|   def defse se y`oc y`oceo eocc ccpt pteo eo b|p b|p |`the |`thelb lb net`o net`oee |boc |bocne ne|| pyef pyef |ble |blen n mpnp mpnpy y ak`n} ak`n}bd bd`k `k po|p po|pn  n  g`or`b g`or`bgde gdeocn ocneo eo ye}et/ ye}et/ D`tbnp D`tbnp|| bob nb|e nb|e eneo g`o`ke g`o`keef ef }`mete }`mete g`olek g`olekeg eg g`ocey g`oceyee |bocene| pyef d`t}bae| |blen ak`n}bd`k&d`t}bae| nenp" leo g`oceye |`thelb y`oceoccpteo reoc |blen lbn`f`olenb/ Nb|e g`ocesekb eoekb}b} |`tfeley le}et'le}et gbntj`njojgb letb |`jtb y`oceoccpteo b|p l`oceo g`kbfe| }e|p h`ob} ye}et |`oece n`the |`t|`o|p/

  Y`oceoccpteo Y`oceoccpteo }pnet`ke/ Eleore Eleore y`oceo y`oceoccp ccpteo teo }pnet` }pnet`ke ke bob g`ocpe g`ocpenne nneo o }e|p }e|p

njo}`y reoc }eoce| y`o|boc g`oc`oeb y`oceoccpte/ ]e|p y`t`jnjojgbeo gpocnbo }ehe  d`tele yele `ab}b`o}b ypomen g`}nbypo be g`omby|eneo }`hpgkef y`oceoccpte |`t|`o|p/ Yete Yete y`ometb y`ometb n`the n`the reoc reoc g`oceo g`oceoccp ccptt }`mete }`mete }pnet`k }pnet`kee n`gpoc n`gpocnbo nboeo eo g`geoc g`geoc g`gbkb g`gbkbf f po|pn g`obnge|b fblpy l`oeco d`t}`oeoc}`oeoc+ e|ep g`kenpneo n`cbe|eo kebo letbyele  d`n`the  d`n`the l`oceo l`oceo |bocne| |bocne| pyef reoc d`tkenp d`tkenp lbye}et/ lbye}et/ E|ep g`t`ne gpocnbo gpocnbo hpce |`tcjkjoc |`tcjkjoc   yet yetee y`n` y`n`th thee reoc reoc |boc |bocne ne|| ytjl ytjlpn pn|b |bqb qb|e |e}o }ore re t`ol t`olef ef++ reoc reoc k`db k`dbf f g`gb g`gbkb kbf f po|p po|pn  n    d`t}`oeoc d`t}`oeoc}`oeo }`oeoc c leo d`tgeke}'geke d`tgeke}'geke}eo }eo letbyele letbyele d`n`the d`n`the l`oceo l`oceo |bocne| |bocne| pyef reoc   d`tken d`tkenp/ p/ Ele }`hpgk }`hpgkef ef eke}eo eke}eo reoc reoc |blen |blen |`tfb| |`tfb|poc poc deoren deorenore ore g`ocey g`oceyee jteoc'j jteoc'jteo teoc c g`gbkbf g`gbkbf }`mete }pnet`ke po|pn |blen d`n`the yele |bocne| |bocne| pyef reoc d`tkenp+ eneo |`|eyb }`decb }`decbeo eo letb letb jteoc' jteoc'jte jteoc oc }`y`t| }`y`t|bb bob eneo eneo }`mete }`mete t`}gb t`}gb lbfb|p lbfb|poc oc }`dece }`decebb jteoc jteoc reoc reoc }`leoc g`oceoccpt/

Y`tkp nbteore lbme|e| lb }bob defse y`oceoccp y`oceoccpteo teo }pnet`ke }pnet`ke bob n`gpocnboeo n`gpocnboeo eneo `ab} `ab}b` b`o o

}`me }`mete te

`njo `njojg jgb} b}++

g`}n g`}nby bypo po

}`me }`mete te

abk} abk}pa pa

e|ep e|ep

yjkb yjkb|b |b}b }b

n`gp n`gpoc ocnb nbeo eoeo eo

g`orereocneo n`ore|eeo lbgeoe jteoc'jteoc |blen leye| g`gy `tjk`f y`n`theeo reoc g`gypo g`gyporeb reb dereteo dereteo |boccb |boccb// ]ege ]ege fekore fekore }`y`t| }`y`t|bb bb }`dpef }`dpef yedtbn yedtbn g`gdp| g`gdp|pfn pfneo eo }pnp }pnp mele meleoc oc eyed eyedbk bkee }e|p }e|p decb decbeo eo y`o| y`o|bo boc c letb letb g`}b g`}bo o g`t` g`t`ne ne tp}e tp}en+ n+ n`gp n`gpoc ocnb nboe oeo o }pe|p }pe|p  y`t`njojgbeo ypo g`gdp|pfneo hpce }pnp meleoc+ reb|p yete y`n`the reoc g`oceoccpt+ 53

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

reoc reoc gep gep keoc keoc}p }poc oc d`n` d`n`th thee eyed eyedbk bkee |`tl |`tley eye| e| n`dp n`dp|p |pfe feo o eneo eneo |`oec |`oecee n`the n`the }`me }`mete te g`olelen/ N`eleeo bob g`kpnb}neo g`oceye y`t`njojgbeo gjl`to reoc njgyk`n}+ reoc  d`n`the yele |bocne| ytjlpn|bab|e} ypomen+ leye| g`obgdpkneo y`oceoccpteo/

  Y`oceoc Y`oceoccpte cpteo o |`tyen}e |`tyen}e/ Po|p Po|pn n g`ge g`gefe fegb gb y`oc y`oceo eocc ccpt pteo eo }bnk }bnkb} b} nb|e nb|e y`tk y`tkp p

g`gdeo g`gdeocpo cpo }pe|p }pe|p |`jtb |`jtb y`oceo y`oceoccp ccpteo teo |`tyen |`tyen}e/ }e/ Fe}bk Fe}bk y`gbnb y`gbnbteo teo N`ro`} N`ro`} reoc reoc ege| ege| m`g`tkeoc lbdbleoc bob elekef d`tpye y`oleye| reoc g`gdbetneo aen|e'aen|e g`omjtjoc }e|p |`jtb reoc bolef |`|eyb |blen t`k`qeo/ Be g`oh`ke}neo g`oceye nb|e neleoc'neleoc g`kbfe| g`kbfe| y`oceo y`oceoccp ccpteo teo |`tyen |`tyen}e+ }e+ reb|p reb|p y`tbjl y`tbjl`` lb geoe geoe yete yete y`n`the y`n`the reoc reoc g`g`op g`g`opfb fb npekbabne}b |blen gegyp po|pn g`oleye|neo y`n`theeo l`oceo |etba cehb reoc d`tkenp/

y`oceoccpteo teo |`tyen}e |`tyen}e g`oceolebn g`oceolebneo eo defse  ]pgd`t'}pgd`t n`nenpeo/ \`jtb y`oceoccp pyef }ege }`nekb |blen ak`n}bd`k &nenp"/ ]e|p fek reoc }eoce| g`gdeo|p eoekb}b} bob elekef   y`td` y`td`lee leeo o eo|ete eo|ete ye}et ye}et k`keoc k`keoc &epm|bjo getn`| " leo ye}et reoc lbe|pt &elgbob}|`t`l  "/ Ye}et k`keoc b|p g`tpyeneo }e|p ye}et reoc }eoec| |`tjtceob}bt leo njgy`|b|ba  getn`| "/ lbgeoe fetce'fetce oebn e|ep |ptpo po|pn g`or`bgdeocneo y`oeseteo leo y`tgbo|eeo/

Po|pn ye}et |`oece n`the reoc d`tele lbdesef y`ocetpf }`tbne| dptpf+ yjke cehb leo pyef hepf k`dbf nenp kecb/ \bocne| pyef dbe}eore lb|`|eyneo po|pn ge}e njo|ten |bce |efpo+ lb geoe }`kege y`tbjl` |`t}`dp| |bocne| pyef |blen eneo lb}`}pebneo+ sekepypo |`thelb n`k`dbfeo y`oeseteo gepypo y`tgbo|eeo lekeg h`ob} y`n`theeo |`t|`o|p/

\`jtb n`nenpeo pyef }`t|e y`oceoccpteo |`tyen}e g`ore|eneo defse y`or`}pebeo pyef pyef reoc reoc ege| ege| kegdeo kegdeo g`obgd g`obgdpkn pkneo eo |`thelb |`thelbore ore n`k`db n`k`dbfeo feo leo n`npte n`npteoce oceo o lekeg lekeg ge}boc'ge}b ge}boc'ge}boc oc ye}et |`oece n`the/ Eneo |`|eyb+ }`mete y`tkefeo'kef y`tkefeo'kefeo eo ye}et |`oece n`the eneo eneo g`gd g`gd`t `tbn bneo eo t`en t`en}b }b |`tfe |`tfele ley y njol njolb} b}bb ye}e ye}et+ t+ cehb cehb po|p po|pn n h`ob} h`ob} y`n` y`n`th theeo eeo reoc reoc   y`tgbo|eeoore }eoce| |boccb }`mete t`ke|ba g`obocne| k`dbf m`ye| lbdeolbocneo l`oceo  h`ob} y`n`theeo reoc ege| }`lbnb| y`gboe|ore/ Jk`f net`oe b|p+ lekeg heocene y`ol`n+   ye}et ye}et |`oece |`oece n`the n`the ege| ege| gbtby gbtby l`oceo l`oceo ye}et |`oece |`oece n`the reoc reoc |blen |blen }`bgd }`bgdeoc eoc &ojo'

mk`etboc "/

K/ Ge}ekef'ge}ekef reoc D`tneb|eo l`oceo Ye}et \`oece N`the

56

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

Jteoc' Jteoc'jte jteoc oc reoc reoc d`tpgp d`tpgptt d`ke}e d`ke}eo o |efpo |efpo yele yele pgpore pgpore g`gypo g`gyporeb reb |bocne |bocne||   y`oceoccpteo reoc yekboc |boccb letb }`kptpf n`kjgyjn l`gjcteab} reoc ele/ Jteoc' jteoc npkb| fb|eg reoc d`tpgpt d`ke}eo |efpo lekeg |efpo'|efpo |`tenfbt bob g`gyporeb |bocne| y`oceoccpteo eo|ete =9 }egyeb 09 y`t}`o/

Dpn|b'dpn|b reoc g`opohpnneo defse+ njgyjo`o |`td`}et letb y`oceoccpteo reoc  d`tpgpt d`ke}eo |efpo g`tpyeneo y`oceoccpteo atbn}bjoek/ G`t`ne ge}pn leo n`kpet  letb eocne|eo n`the leo at`ns`o}b reoc ege| |boccb/ G`t`ne m`ye| g`gy`tjk`f y`n`theeo leo }`tbocnekb d`tybolef n`the/ Te|e'te|e kegeore g`t`ne g`oceoccpt feore }`|`ocef letb cjkjoeco l`se}e> }`dekbnore+ te|e'te|e kegeore }e|p h`ob} y`n`theeo elekef 54 nekb k`dbf d`}et po|pn jteoc'jeteoc l`se}e lbdeolbocneo l`oceo g`t`ne reoc ge}bf d`tpgpt    d`ke}eo |efpo/ Lekeg |efpo'|efpo |`tenfbt+ }`|`ocef letb jteoc reoc d`tpgpt d`ke}eo |efpo |efpo reoc reoc g`oceo g`oceoccp ccptt g`tpye g`tpyeneo neo ‛y`ole ‛y`ole|eo |eoc c detp‗ detp‗ reoc reoc d`kpg d`kpg y`toef y`toef d`n`th d`n`thee }`d`kpgore/ ]`gpe aen|jt bob g`ocpocneyneo defse y`oceoccpt reoc d`tpgpt d`ke}eo |efpo bob }`decbeo d`}et d`t}bae| atbn}bjoek> Fek bob d`tet|b defse y`ometbeo n`the leo   y`typ|eteo n`the lby`tkpneo jk`f jteoc'jteoc gple po|pn g`orekptneo dene| g`t`ne+ }`t|e po|pn g`gy`tjk`f d`tdeceb y`ocekegeo/

G/ Ge}ekef Y`oceoccpteo leo Ntb}b} ]j}bek

Hbne ge}ekef y`oceoccp y`oceoccpteo teo reoc l`gbnbeo y`kbn lbdbetneo lbdbetneo d`tketp|'ketp| d`tketp|'ketp| gene }eoce| d`}et n`gpocnboeoore po|pn g`oljtjoc }pe|p ntb}b} }j}bek/ ]pe|p ntb}b} }j}bek lb|eoleb lb|eoleb l`oceo l`oceo g`obocne|o g`obocne|ore re eocne eocne ntbgboekb|e} ntbgboekb|e}++ |boccbore |boccbore eocne n`oenekeo t`gehe+ g`kjohenore g`kjohenore hpgkef eoen hekeoeo e|ep yt`geo+ leo d`}etore n`gpocnboeo n`gpocnboeo po|pn |`thelb  d`tdeceb n`n`te}eo }j}bek reoc }`oeo|be}e g`ocfeo|pb ge}retene| nb|e/

Decb deoren jteoc+ g`oleye|neo }`dpef y`n`theeo }`y`t|b g`oleye|neo fetce lbtb/ N`fbkeoceo y`n`theeo db}e lbeoccey n`fbkeoceo fetce lbtb/ Sekepypo dpneo ybkbfeo }`gpe jteo jteoc+ c+ lb xegeo xegeo }`td }`tdee }p}e }p}ef f d`cb d`cbob ob y`oc y`oceo eocc ccpt pteo eo leye leye|| lbeo lbeocc ccey ey }`de }`dece cebb oe}b oe}bd/ d/ ]`}`jteoc db}e }ehe lbyp|p} fpdpoceo n`the net`oe y`tp}efeeoore deocntp|/ Yelefek lb ge}retene|+ hp|eeo y`oceoccpt hpce eo|tb g`oeo|b |`oeceore lbgeoaee|neo/ D`}eto D`}etore re hpgkef hpgkef y`oceo y`oceoccp ccpteo teo lb Boljo` Boljo`}be }be kegde| kegde|'kep 'kepo o eneo eneo g`obgd g`obgdpkn pkneo eo   deoren ge}ekef }j}bek reoc oeo|bore eneo g`ohelb }pe|p ntb}b} }j}bek+ net`oe deoren  52

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

jteoc reoc atp}|e}b g`ocfeleyb oe}bdore/ Y`oceoccpteo reoc |`thelb |blen }ehe g`obgye   yete yete y`omet y`ometbb n`the n`the reoc reoc detp detp kpkp} kpkp} }`njke }`njkef+ f+ g`kebo g`keboneo neo hpce hpce g`obgy g`obgyee jteoc| jteoc|pe pe reoc reoc n`fbkeoceo y`n`theeo net`oe neo|jt leo yedtbnore |p|py/ Bolbne|jt ge}ekef }j}bek db}e lbkbfe lbkbfe|| letb letb d`cb|p d`cb|p deoren deorenore ore eoen'eo eoen'eoen en reoc reoc gpkeb gpkeb |ptpo |ptpo n` hekeo/ hekeo/ G`t`ne G`t`ne g`ohel g`ohelbb  y`oceg`o+ y`leceoc e}joceo gepypo y`kenp |bolen ntbgboekb|e}/ G`t`ne elekef c`o`te}b reoc n`fbkeoceo n`}`gye|eo g`gy`tjk`f y`olblbneo gepypo y`gdboeeo reoc debn/

]ekef }e|p aen|jt reoc g`ocenbde|neo |boccbore eocne y`oceoccpteo lb o`cete nb|e elekef |`tkegyep deoren |`oece n`the reoc lbetefneo n` }`n|jt ajtgek }`fbocce n`|bne g`t`ne n`fbkeoceo y`n`theeo lb }`n|jt ajtgek+ g`t`ne n`kedeneo leo |blen db}e   d`tp d`tp}e }efe fe po|p po|pn n g`om g`omby by|e |ene neo o y`n` y`n`th theeo eeo }`ol }`olbt btbb lb }`n| }`n|jt jt boaj boajtg tgek ek// Reoc Reoc g`oh g`ohel elbb n`nfes n`nfese|bt e|bteo eo elekef elekef hbne hbne deoren deoren yete yete y`oceo y`oceocc ccpt pt reoc reoc g`omet g`ometbb hekeo hekeo n`kpet n`kpet l`oceo l`oceo g`ometb oeanef reoc |blen fekek/ Deoren letb g`t`ne reoc g`ohelb y`omjy`|+ y`ohehe }`n}+ y`omptb+ yt`geo+ y`ohpek oetnjde+ leo }`decebore/ Defneo |blen }`lbnb| g`t`ne reoc lbderet po|pn d`tdpe| tp}pf e|ep eoetnb} l`gb n`y`o|boceo yjkb|bn }ekef }e|p n`kjgyjn  |`t| |`t|`o `o|p |p reoc reoc ge}b ge}bf f `te| `te| fpdp fpdpoc oceo eoor oree l`oc l`oceo eo yete yete y`o| y`o|jk jkeo eo Jtde Jtde// Ele Ele hpce hpce reoc reoc g`or`t|eneo lbtb g`ohelb eoccj|e ke}net hbfel reoc lbnbtbg n` Egdjo l`oceo lekbf g`gd`k g`gd`kee ecege/ ecege/ Yelefe Yelefekk lb }eoe }eoe g`t`ne g`t`ne mpge mpge helb helb y`tp}p y`tp}pf f reoc reoc ljreo ljreo g`ohete g`ohetef+ f+ g`gy`tnj}e+ leo g`gdpopf jteoc'jteoc Gekpnp reoc |blen d`tlj}e/ Fek bobkef reoc fetp} lby`tfe|bneo jk`f y`g`tbo|ef hbne ntb}b} }j}bek |blen bocbo d`tkeohp| |`tp}/

O/ Ge}ekef Y`oceoccpteo leo Y`olblbneo

Y`oceoccpteo bo|`k`n|pek lb Boljo`}be m`ol`tpoc |`tp} g`obocne| leo }`genbo g`ol`ne|b |b|bn reoc g`ocnfese|btneo/ Y`oceoccpteo bo|`k`n|pek bob |blen |`tk`ye} letb   y`t}jekeo y`t}jekeo lpobe y`olblbneo y`olblbneo reoc |blen gegyp g`ocfe}bkn g`ocfe}bkneo eo |`oece n`the d`tnpekb|e} d`tnpekb|e} }`}peb |po|p|eo ye}et n`the }`fbocce }`tbocnekb |`oece n`the |`tlblbn nb|e nekef d`t}eboc l`oceo |`oece n`the e}boc/ A`ojg`oe bobkef reoc }`leoc lbfeleyb jk`f deoc}e nb|e lb geoe geoe yete yete |`oece |`oece n`the n`the reoc reoc |`tlblb |`tlblbn n deoren deoren reoc reoc g`oceo g`oceoccp ccptt sekepy sekepypo po g`t`ne g`t`ne }`d`oetore g`oreoleoc c`ket/

G`}nb ele n`m`ol`tpoceo y`oceoccpteo |`tlblbn }`genbo g`obocne| oegpo pyere

49

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

 y`tkpe}eo  y`tkpe}eo n`}`gye|eo n`}`gye|eo y`olblbne y`olblbneo o letb y`olblbne y`olblbneo o g`o`ocef g`o`ocef }egyeb }egyeb y`olblbneo y`olblbneo |boccb |blen |blen djk`f djk`f d`tf`o d`tf`o|b/ |b/ Eneo Eneo |`|eyb |`|eyb y`g`te| y`g`te|eeo eeo y`olbl y`olblbne bneo o b|p fetp} fetp} lbkenp lbkenpneo neo |eoye |eoye g`ocedebneo gp|p y`olblbneo b|p }`olbtb/ Net`oe b|p gene }ekef }e|p n`k`gefeo letb }b}|`g y`olblbneo nb|e elekef }pkb|ore g`gd`tbneo y`olblbneo reoc d`oet'd`oet leye| g`gpypn ytja`}bjoekb}g` }`}`jteoc lekeg d`tnetb`t e|ep d`n`the/ ]ee| bob y`olblbneo nb|e |`tkekp g`o`neoneo g`o`neoneo yele }`cb |`jtb leo dpneoore dpneoore yten|`n/ yten|`n/ Y`olblbneo Y`olblbneo }`tbocnekb }`tbocnekb lb}egyebneo lekeg d`o|pn reoc gjoj|jo }`fbocce g`gdpe| yete }b}se g`ohelb dj}eo/

Lb o`cete'o`cete gehp+ y`olblbnneo lekeg sphpl yten|`n k`dbf lbd`tbneo lekeg   yjt}b yjt}b reoc reoc k`dbf k`dbf d`}et/ d`}et/ Lb }eoeyp }eoeypo+ o+ mete y`gd`k y`gd`kehe eheteo teo leo y`gd`t y`gd`tbeo beo y`olbl y`olblbnn bnneo eo lbd`tbneo lekeg sphpl reoc k`dbf g`oetbn leo nt`e|ba/

Lb o`cete nb|e+ }ee| bob ele n`m`ol`tpoceo defse yete }b}se feore g`gyporeb n`dbe}eeo g`ocfeaek }ehe po|pn y`keheteo'y`keheteo reoc g`oreocnp| bkgp }j}bek+ defe}e+ leo }`hetef e|ep g`o`tbge }ehe d`tdeceb |`jtb oegpo }ereocore yete }b}se |blen g`gbkbnb n`gegy n`gegypeo peo po|pn po|pn g`occe g`occekb kb sese}e sese}eo o yeoleo yeoleoceo ceo reoc reoc k`dbf k`dbf kpe} kpe} }`t|e }`t|e m`tle} m`tle} lekeg lekeg g`gefegb leo g`ocnehb }pe|p ge}ekef/ ]`leocneo po|pn bkgp y`oc`|efpeo ekeg yete }b}se }b}se m`ol`t m`ol`tpoc poc feore feore lbd`tbn lbd`tbneo eo ke|bfe ke|bfeo o }jek'}j }jek'}jek ek reoc reoc m`ol`t m`ol`tpoc poc feore feore g`ke|b g`ke|bf f n`m`ye n`m`ye|eo |eo lekeg lekeg d`tybn d`tybnbt bt po|pn po|pn g`o`gp g`o`gpneo neo hesede hesedeo o leo dpneoo dpneoore re g`gy`t g`gy`t|ehe |eheg g  y`oeketeo e|ep g`ke|bf nt`e|bqb|e} lekeg d`tybnbt/

Mjo|jf Mjo|jfore ore }`y`t| }`y`t|bb

}`}`jt }`}`jteoc eoc reoc reoc

yeoleb yeoleb lekeg lekeg

g`oc`t g`oc`then heneo eo

}jek'} }jek'}jek jek

ge|`ge| ge|`ge|bne bne dpneo dpneo net`oe net`oe n`m`tl n`m`tlbne bneo o lekeg lekeg g`kenp g`kenpneo neo eoekb} eoekb}b} b} |`tfel |`tfeley ey }jek }jek e|ep e|ep n`yeolebeo lekeg g`gdpe| hekeo y`tfb|poceo |`|eyb net`oe lbe g`geoc }plef feaek |by` }jekor }jekore/ e/ ]`tboc ]`tbocnek nekbb }`}`jt }`}`jteoc eocypo ypo feore feore }`n`le }`n`lett db}e db}e g`oc`t g`oc`then heneo eo }jekor }jekoree l`oceo l`oceo g`occpoeneo tpgp} |`|eyb |blen |efp e}ek gpe}ek tpgp} |`t}`dp|/ N`ore|eeo bobkef reoc g`or`dedneo }pgd`t lere geop}be nb|e n`|boccekeo hepf l`oceo }pgd`t lere geop}be reoc ele lb o`cete'o`cete gehp/ Nb|e feore yeoleb lekeg |`jtb |`|eyb cecek lekeg yten|`n  leo lekeg ytja`}bjoekb}g` y`n`theeo |`t}`dp|/ T`olefore npekb|e} |`oece n`the |`tlblbn  nb|e hpce elekef net`oe nb|e |`tkegyep g`kbfe| yele c`ket |eoye }`mete }`tbp} g`gd`oefb npekb|e} letb n`gegypeo lb dbleoc reoc nb|e |`npob/ ]`fbocce net`oe fek bobkef gene yete |`oece n`the |`tlblbn }pkb| d`t}eboc l`oceo |`oece n`the e}boc lekeg p}efe po|pn g`ometb  y`n`theeo/ J/ Ge}ekef Y`oceoccpteo leo Boake}b 45

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

Boake}b elekef bolbne|jt y`tc`teneo fetce'fetce deteoc leo he}e }`mete pgpg+ reoc reoc }`me }`mete te d`t} d`t}eg egee eeo o

hpce hpce d`tn d`tneb eb|e |eo o

l`oc l`oceo eo n`ge n`gegy gype peo o

lere lere d`kb d`kb//

Boak Boake} e}bb

g`om`tgboneo }|edbkb|e} fetce+ }`genbo t`olef obkeb }pe|p boake}b d`tet|b }`genbo d`}et  eleor eleoree n`m`ol n`m`ol`tp `tpoce oceo o n` etef etef }|edbk }|edbkb|e} b|e} fetce/ fetce/ Oegpo Oegpo ge}ekef ge}ekef boake} boake}bb |blen |blen feore feore  d`tneb|eo l`oceo g`kjohenore fetce }pe|p deteoc leo he}e/ Boake}b hpce }eoce| d`tneb|eo l`oceo yptmfe}boc yjs`t e|ep lere d`kb letb ge}retene/ ]`leocneo lere d`kb ge}retene| }eoce| d`tceo|poc n`yele pyef tbbk/

\boccbore eocne boake}b }`keohp|ore eneo g`optponeo lere d`kb ge}retene|/ Po|pn   db}e d`t|efeo yele |bocne| lere d`kb }`y`t|b }`d`kpgore+ yete y`n`the fetp} g`oleye|neo cehb yekboc |blen }`d`}et |bocne| boake}b/ Nekep |blen+ tenre| |blen kecb gegyp g`gd`kb   deteo deteoc'd c'deteo eteoc c reoc reoc lbytjl lbytjlpn} pn}b/ b/ Hbne Hbne deteoc deteoc'det 'deteoc eoc reoc reoc lbytjl lbytjlpn} pn}bb |blen |blen ele reoc reoc g`gd`kb gene eneo deoren y`tp}efeeo reoc d`tnpteoc n`po|poceoore/ Hbne n`po|poceo   y`tp}efeeo y`tp}efeeo d`tnpteoc d`tnpteoc gene y`tp}efeeo y`tp}efeeo eneo d`tp}efe d`tp}efe po|pn g`t`lpn}b g`t`lpn}b mj}| }`deceb njo}`np`o}b e|e} d`tnpteocore n`po|poceo y`tp}efeeo/ Fek bobkef reoc eneo g`oljtjoc  y`tp}efeeo po|pn g`ocpteocb hpgkef y`n`the*dptpfore l`oceo g`g'YFN yete dptpf/ ]ekef }e|p letb hekeo n`kpet letb ntb}b} bob elekef g`o}|edbkn g`o}|edbkneo eo tpybef/ tpybef/ G`gdebnore G`gdebnore obkeb |pnet tpybef |blen feore |`tceo|poc n`yele gjo`r }pykkr letb BGA+ |`|eyb hpce boq`}|jt  e}boc &ckjdek boq`}|g`o| boq`}|g`o| }jmb`|r" }jmb`|r" g`ocekbtneo g`ocekbtneo gjlekore gjlekore ge}pn n` Boljo`}be Boljo`}be &meyb|ek &meyb|ek boakjs"/ Net`oe fek bobkef gene y`oc`olekbeo kehp boake}b elekef y`o|boc lekeg teocne g`oc`olekbneo eocne y`oceoccpteo/

DED BBB

44

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

Y@OP\PY

E/ N`}bgypkeo

Y`oceo Y`oceoccp ccpteo teo lb Bgljo` Bgljo`}be }be }ee| }ee| bob }eoce| }eoce| g`gy`t g`gy`tbfe bfe|bo |boneo neo++ deoren deoren }`nekb }`nekb |`tleye| y`oceoccpteo lbgeoe'geoe/ Y`or`ded y`oceoccpteo lb Boljo`}be bekef |`tleye|   yele yele ge}eke ge}ekef f }pgd`t }pgd`t lere lere geop}b geop}bee b|p }`olbt }`olbtbb leo |`o|po |`o|pore re n`|`td n`|`tde|e e|e}ee }eeo o keyeoc keyeoceo eo  y`n`theeo/ Boljo`}be g`o`gye|b ptp|eo n` 5== lekeg fek |bocne| y`oceoccpteo lb lpobe+ }`genbo }`genbo t`olef y`tbocne|ore y`tbocne|ore gene }`genbo }`genbo deoren deoren ypke hpgkef y`oceoccp y`oceoccpteo teo reoc |`tleye| lb O`cete |`t}`dp|/ Po|pn g`oce|e}b ge}ekef y`oceoccpteo bob y`g`tbo|ef |`kef g`gdpe| }pe|p ytjcteg po|pn g`oegypoc yete y`oceoccpteo/ ]`kebo g`ocefeteyneo  deo|peo letj y`g`tbo|ef+ }`debnore nb|e }`mete ytbdelb hpce fetp} d`tp}efe g`gy`tdebnb npekb|e} }pgd`t lere nb|e+ ecet |blen g`ohelb y`oceoccpteo leo d`deo y`g`tbo|ef/

Yete efkb `njojgb g`occjkjocneo y`oceoccpteo n` lekeg |bce n`kjgyjn+ reb|p8 &e" y`oceoccpteo y`oceoccpteo atbn}bjoek+ atbn}bjoek+ reb|p yete y`n`the y`n`the reoc d`tele lb eo|ete }e|p y`n`theeo y`n`theeo leo  y`n`theeo kebo> &d" y`oceoccpteo }|tpn|ptek+ reb|p yete y`n`the reocd`tele lb nese}eo' nese}eo e|ep bolp}|tb'bolp}|tb reoc }`leoc d`tele lekeg n`eleeo yeref net`oe fetce  ytjlpn'ytjlpnore eohkjn+ leo &m" y`oceoccpteo }bnkb}+ reb|p yete y`n`the reoc lb YFN  eyedbke y`t`njojgbeo }`mete n`}`kptpfeo g`ocekegb en|bqb|e} reoc g`optpo/

\bohepe epeo

reoc

g`olekeg

e|e}

eocne'eo 'eocne

}|e|b}|bn

y`oceoccpteo teo

g`ocpocneyneo d`d`teye n`|`te|pteo+ }`y`t|b8 e"

T`}`}b }`kekp g`obgye }`gpe cjkjoceo lekeg d`o|pore reoc ytjyjt}bjoek+ reb|p }`gpe n`kjgyjn g`oeckegb |bocne| y`oceoccpteo oebn leo |ptpo lekeg ytjyjt}b reoc }ege l`oceo |bocne| y`oceoccpteo l`oceo }`mete n`}`kptpfeo/

d" Decbeo reoc yekboc d`}et letb y`oceoccpteo elekef d`t}bae| heocen y`ol`n/ Yele

|efpo'|efpo |efpo'|efpo lbgeoe |bocne| |bocne| y`oceoccp y`oceoccpteo teo }eoce| }eoce| t`olef &}`y`t|b |efpo 523=" k`dbf letb 29 y`t}`o y`n`the reoc g`oceoccpt feore g`ocekegb y`oceoccpteo }`kege npteoc npteoc letb 41 gboccp/ gboccp/ Kegeore Kegeore g`oceoccp g`oceoccptt te|e'te|e g`obocne| g`obocne| }eoce| }eoce| |eheg lekeg t`}`}b reoc d`te| leo d`tn`yeoheoceo/

4=

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

m"

Fegybt lb}`gpe }b|pe}b+ hpgkef reoc yekboc d`}et letb y`oceoccpteo lbnet`oeneo jk`f |`thelbore y`typ|eteo &|ptojq`t "+ "+ e|e} ne}p}'ne}p} atbn}bjoek lb geoe jteoc'jteoc g`ge}pnb eocne|eo n`the po|pn y`t|ege nekb e|ep ge}pn n`gdekb n` eocne|eo n`the/ Feore }`kege ge}e t`}`}b }ehe }`decbeo d`}et letb y`oceoccpt |`t}`dp| jteoc'jteoc reoc n`fbkeoceo y`n`theeo/

LEA\ET YP]\ENE 4<

]|plb N`y`olplpneo

f||y8**sss/cjjck`/mj/bl f||y8**sss/|`gyjbo|`ten|ba/mjg f||y8**sss/le|e}|e|b}|bn'boljo`}be/mjg f||y8**sbnby`lbe/mj/bl f||y8**sss/}mtbdl/mjg

40

]|plb N`y`olplpneo