PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)

cc



c
 c c

‘
     ‘      c cccc c

c c c c c c c c c c c   c

c c c   c c 
c c

 cc c

c ‘c  c


c c c  
c

  
c c c

  c  c


c

cc

c  !"c

#c $  %cc

c!%&%"c

#c 'c
(c&$&c)*))+c

c

'c
(&c&,%-c!  c)*)).c

c

)'c
!-c/0-c/& 1 c)*)*2c

c

3'c !1&c
"44!&"&c)*))3*c

c "44$c$5&c!%&%c

#c 2c
!&$cc

c "44$c"-!0"c  !"c #c 3c &cc c c c &$&c c

#c6666c

c c c !"4"c c

#c66666666666666666666'c c

cc

Ê‘  ‘   Ê  c

  'c "7$"%"c!&"5&c(!&c!"5&5&c 'c 'c "44!%"c"%c!"4%&"c 'c )'c "4!&c4&"c (c% "8!5&c(!&c"$ 4cc(&4&$c("c!$$$cc5!&$'c 3'c "-%"c!c"44""c(!&c c

 c      

c 

cc

c

c ‘  Ê  'c 
c ($ !cc)+)292c 'c $5c
$&( c ($ !cc)+)292c )'c :";& "c"! !cc+29c 3'c $5c (c ($ !cc)+)292c +'c $5c (c ($ !cc)+)292c <'c c 1!c$-coc+c cc)+)=9=c 2'c $c!5;c5;&$ 5; c ='c >c c>""c$c c

c     c($0c (c!"5&5&c(&4&$'cc0c$5c (c ($ !c!(&!&c5#c ´c 0c"(1&(0c$&&!c?&$!c ´c "4%&"c5$c("c0 $(c ´c â"&,!c ´c  (!c ´c !$$$cc!&$c "8!!c

c  Ê
 ! !
" 

>"(1&(0c 5&"-$c -"4c (&!"5&5&%"c 5c (&5&c $0c

:c ("c "!c

5$&"4@c 5$"7"-c (&!&%"c (c !"4%&"c 5$c ("c 0 $('c c &"-$c 5$&"4c 5$"7"-c (&%"&55&c %(&"c (&% (%"c %c ($c "%c &"!&'c c c ($c "%c !$$$c !5c (&% "8!5&%"c %c 5!&$c 0&"44c (&(c "%c 5&"-$c  'cc &"-$c&"&$0c-"4c5$"7"-c(&!"5&5&%"'c $5c (c ($ !c!(&!&c5#c ´c !$$ccc!&$c "8!!c

cc

´c &4&$cc
"$ 4c "8!!c ´c

:c

c  Ê
 ! !
" 

c "? !5&c -"4c (&!&c (&% "8!5&%"c %c "%c !$$$@c $0c (&4&$c c "$ 4c ; "8!!'c c $"7"-c (&% "8!5&%"c $4&c "%c ! $0c %$&c 5&"-$c "$ 4c ("4"c7$"c"%"cc"40&$"4%"c?!%"5&c;$&;%'c (c 7!&"4"c $ "c (&4&$c "!c 5"(!c @c  c ))c "-&c 55&?&%5&c54&c!&%#c ´c >"(1&(0c)'c,c ´c >5c?!%"5&c5c)'3c,c ´c 5 $5&c=c&c ´c :!%"5&c;$ ;%c=c,c ´c c!c!c%"$c<3c&5;c ´c )c5;0@cc5-";@cc%"$c(&$&"4c "c c  "! ! (c ! 55c %"&55&c !%"c ! 55c !&"c "&$&c !0(c !c $'cc !c !(0c "%c "4%"&55&c 50c 5&"-$c 
c -&c ("4"c 4&c (&"&%c %&!9%&!c <c (>"%c 50c %"$c &;!"c "7(&c 50c &"!8$c %"&55&c-"4c5'c >595c (!&c &"!8$c %"&55&c &"&c (&5c "&$&9"&$&c 5$%5&@c (&"c 50c $5c %"c (&"%"@c !5%c &"!8$c %"&55&c -"4c "c "(%"c "&$&c !'c &c $5c -"4c !(c (&($c 50c &"!8$c %"&55&c %"c (&c "; (c 54&c&$&%&c"&$&c-"4c5c("4"c"&$&c(c"409"40c&"!8$'c c

cc

c   Ê 




#c $
 "% " %


&'( 
"&'(#&
"



 #c  "% "Ê
 ! !
"   "% "Ê




 !

&'( 
"&'&
"

 !
" 











 "% "Ê


&'(

%
" ! 


"&'&
"  



 !
"  







&'(

% "Ê


"&'&
"







 



cc

  #)c $
 $! $


$
 $ &'(*




"&'&
"

 $


  # c


" "
 &"

&'*

++


"&'&
"



&'*

++


"&'&
"



cc

&'*

++)


"&'&
"



&'*

++ 


"&'&
"



&'*

++#


"&'&
"



cc

&'*

++,


"&'&
"



&'*

++-


"&'&
"



&'*

++.


"&'&
"



cc

&'*




"&'&
"

   ##c $
% "! $
 "% ".



++





++)



cc



++ 





++#





++,



cc



++-





++.



% " 

 " ++



cc

% " 

 " 

   c

‘  (c !; "c &"&c (&4"%"c 4$ "4c &"? !5&c !c 4$ "4c 5&"5c c

c ("4"c ?!%"5&c c ,c (!&c ?";& "c 4"! !'c (c 4$ "4c &"&c %"c (&$%%"c ! 55c  c $5c  (c ($& "'c !"-c ($0c ("4"c !$&0c (0$c ! 55c 5&"-$c &"&c "44"%"c  ($ !c 
c $5c
$&(c

($& "'c c (!&c  ($ !c 
c &"&c %(&"c (&! 55c "44"%"c  ($ !c 'c(c ($ !c
@c?!%"5&c;$ ;%c4"! !c?!%"5&c5$&"4c (&!c 5&c %5&@c -&c @)"%c 4$ "4c c !c 595c -"4c "%c "44c "&%c ("c !"'c &%c (&!0&%"@c "%c "44c &"&c "-!&c 4$ "4c 5&"5'c $c &"&c !!&c (c 4$ "4c &"? !5&@c $8$c 4"4"c (c !""4c 1%c % "&"-c!"c (&0c "7(&c 5c "&$&c5c ("4"c 1%c (&5%!&'c (&c"&$&c595c&"&c1%&$&c!""4c"&$&$8$c4"4"c(c4$ "4c&"? !5&@c (c !""4c 1%c !"'c ! 55c &"&c (&5c ("4"c "&55&c â"&,& "'c "4"c%c$&"@c(c ($ !c
c(&$%%"c! 55c5$&"4c("c%"&55&c(c 4$ "4c&"? !5&'c &"-$c 05&$c %"&55&c (&5%%"c %c !"4%&"c A $(B'c "%&"c &"&c !?"45&c "%c"0"c5"!c4$ "4c&"c("4"c1%c!"c%(&"c(&!5%"c %$&'c ! 55c &"&c (&$%%"c !4"&"c 5;!c !59"!5'c 5&$"-c 5!&c -"4c !$&0c(c 5;&$$ 5; 'c>"%c4$ "4c c!0@c-&c("-c5c("4"c "&$&$8$c 4"4"c " $'c c !"&$&c " $c &"&c !4"&"c ("4"c 5c -"4c &$&%&c

cc

"&$&$8$c 4"4"c &(%c " $'c $c &"&c !7(&c %!"c ("-c ! 55c "0"c 4$ "4c 5"!c (c !"4%&"c A $(B@c 50&"44c %&%c 4$ "4c (&0"c 5"!@c"&$&c5c"7(&c" $'c&"-$c!5c!%"c5&"-$c
'c&"-$c
c %(&"c (&5%%"c %c  ($ !c 'c(c  ($ !c @c 5&"-$c
c (&0c "7(&c 5&"-$c (&4&$c ("4"c "44"%"c
c 
"$ 4c  c &4&$c  "8!!'c 5&$"-c (&% "8!5&%"c (!&c "%c !$$$c "7(&c "%c5!&$'c$0c "4$&c ! 55c &"&@c 5&"-$c %"c !0c "7(&c (!"c $5c 5&"-$c (&4&$'c !"c $5c &"&$0c-"4c(&5c54&c5&"-$c 'c!"c$5c&"&c!(&!&c(!&c=c&'cc (c  ($ !c  @c 5$0c
c !(c 51&;0951&;0'c &c 51&;0c 1%&$&c 5c &c (c (!"c $5c 5&"-$c  'c 1&;0951&;0c &"&c "4!0&c 5&"-$c 'c$c&"&c(&"7%%"c $0c4!c(c 5;&$$ 5; 'c&%c51&;0951&;0c&"&c (&&%"c  ??@c &9&c %"c "40&$"4c (!&c 5&"-$c  'c >&c -"4c "40&$"4c &"&c !4""4c (c 51&;0c "c -"4c (&&%"'c &%c 51&;0c !c $&"4c 5c -"4c (&&%"@c %c &c !c 7"4c %&!&c -"4c %"c "40&$"4'c >4&c $c 5!5"-@c 5&c (c 51&;0c %($"c $&"4c 10c -"4c 1%&$&c &c !%0&!c 7"4c %""'c "4"c (&%&"c (c (&%0&c 01c 51&;0c !c 1%&$&c &c $&"4c %;&$c c >c  5c &4"&?&;"c >&c ("c 51&;0c !%0&!c 1%&$&c &c $&"4c 5!cc >c 5c&4"&?&;"c>&'c (c ($ !c c(&4"%"c(c5&"-$c%055c($c! 55c ($5&'c(c 5&"-$c !5c ($0c 5&"-$c Cc -";0! " 5c ("c 5&"-$c 'c &"-$c Cc (&4"%"c "%c ! 55c
c 5("4%"c 5&"-$c c (&4"%"c "%c ! 55c % "8!5&c (!&c !$$$c %c 5!&$'c&"-$cCc !5$c (!&c ;$ ;%c 4"! !c (c  ($ !c
'c &"-$c c !%"c 5&"-$c Cc -"4c (&0c "7(&c (!"c $5c =c &'c (c 5&"-$c &"&c (&4"%"c "%c 5&"%! "&55&c 5&"-$c (c ! 55c  ($5&c ("c ( ($5&'c 7""-c"%c "40&"(!&c%5$0"c (c ! 55c  ($5&c ("c ( ($5&c5&"-$@c 5$&"c&c"40&"(!&c%5$0"c51%c"4% ("c5&"-$c"7(&c=c&'c&"-$cCc ("c c &$&%&c !("@c 5!&c -"4c (&"7%%"c $0c 5;&$$ 5; 'c &"-$c c &$&%&c $!c $5c -"4c 70c $&0c %;&$c (&"(&"4%"c ("4"c $!c $5c 5&"-$c C'c $&"c &c "!c 5&"-$c Cc ("c 5&"-$c c !(c 7(c 1%c ($-'c !&c 5;&$$ 5; c(&(%"c($-c"!c5&"-$cCc("cc55!c*cA 5'c $"7"-@c (&$%%"c ! 55c ( ($5&c (c 5&"-$c  'c (c ( ($5&c (&$%%"c ! 55c -"4c 5$&%"-@c -&c % "8!5&c (!&c 5!&$c %c !$$$c ("c % "8!5&c (!&c (&4&$c %c "$ 4'c (c % "8!5&c 5!&$c %c !$$$c (&4"%"c %$&c 5&"-$c 'c &"-$c Cc 74c (&4"%"c %$&c (c % "8!5&c (&4&$c %c "$ 4'c 5&$c (!&c

cc

( ($ !c  c 5!&c -"4c (&"7%%"c $0c 5;&$$ 5; 'c &%c (&"(&"4%"c ("4"c &"c  ($ !c  c 5&"-$c 
c !$&0c ("-c !("'c &"-$c c ( ($ !c c&(%c!0c %$&c "7(&c"%c5&"-$c
'c&"-$c!5c !"%c "44c "&%c ("c !"c 5!&c 5&"-$c 5$&"4c -"4c $c $1&c !"4%&"cA $(Bc(c ($ !c
'c &"-$c &"&c %(&"c (&! 55c "44"%"c ( ($ !c 
c "%c "4$&%"c 5&"-$c %c "%c 5$c 4$ "4c 5&"5'c (c ( ($ !c 
@c (&4"%"c 5&"-$c Cc "%c "4!c ;$ ;%'c c (!&c ! 55c &"&c 5!&c -"4c (&"7%%"c (c 5;&$$ 5; 'c $ "4c c !"%c 5&"5 &(c 5!"c 5!&c4$ "4c&"'c$"7"-@c(&$%%"c"47&"c"%c"40&c"4!0c (!&c 51&;0c (c  ($ !c  c !0(c 4$ "4c c ( ($ !'c (c 5;&$$ 5; @c !$&0c 01c 7&%c 51&;0c !c (&&%"@c 4$ "4c c 5&0c !"%c5&"5c-"4c45c50&"44c&(%c!$$c!"4!0c(c4$ "4c 'c &%c51&;0c 5$"7"-c (&&%"@c!$&0c !0"c !$0"c (!&c 4$ "4c 'c $ "4c %"c 5%&"c !5%c ;;'c &%c51&;0c !%0&!c (&&%"@c 4$ "4c c "7(&c 5"4c ;;'c $ "4c &(%c $4&c !"%c 5&"5 &('c $c &"&c %&%"c 01c &c >c &(%c !$$c !"4!0c (c 4$ "4c @c 5("4%"c&c >c5"4c!"4!0c(c4$ "4c 'c"4"c%c$&"@c7&%c !7(&c %5$0"c "4% ("c (c &c >@c %c %"c !7(&c %5$0"c -"4c ?$c %!"c4$ "4c c&(%c55&c("4"c4$ "4c&"? !5&'c

 c Ê‘  'c ! 55c c (&$%%"c ("4"c $%%"c 5$&"4c ("c %"&55&c!$&0c (0$c (c5&"-$c&"? !5&@c%(&"c(&0c"7(&c(!"c$5c=c&' 'c (c c(&4"%"c(c5&"-$c"%c5&"%! "&55&c-&cCc("c'c7""-c "%c"40&"(!&c%5$0"c(c! 55c ($5&@c( ($5&@c("c"4% ("' 'c >&c >c &(%c !$$c !"4!0c (c 4$ "4c @c 5("4%"c &c >c 5"4c !"4!0c (c 4$ "4c 'c 0&"44c 7&%c !7(&c %5$0"c (c

>@c4$ "4c c&(%c%"c55&c("4"c4$ "4c&"? !5&'

 c  /  

cc

 c($0c7"&5c%" $ 4&c(&4&$c($c"44"(%"c%"$c!;%"c-"4c "4%&"%"c 5c 7$!c ?&5&%c (&5$!&c !c !;%"c 5%$&45c "c "44"44c5c5c$&"'c (c  c (&!%"c 5c ! 55c (&4&$&55&'c "4%&c  c %"c "405&$%"c5(!"c5& $cc(&4&@c("4"c5&c5$ c1%c(&4&c"-%"c "(%"c 0!4c $&( c 55c 5&"-$c 05&$c ";$&%"c (!&c 5&"-$c &"? !5&c "$ 4'c !&"5&c 5&5c !"5&5&c "44"%"c  (c  c (c (&7$5%"c 54&c !&%c#c 'c 5&"-$c &"? !5&c 5"(c "$ 4c !c %$&c (&;$&%c ("4"c "44"%"ccc (c5$&"4@c 'c %(&"c(&$%%"c! 55c% "8!5&c"$ 4c%c(&4&$c"44"%"c!"4%&"c
cc -"4c (&c ($"-c (&$%%"c ! 55c %"&55&c ("c "4% ("'c 0&?c !4&5!cc !$$c &"c 5!&$c c ("c 5!&$c &"c !$$$c c (&!$%"c %!"c &5"-cc !"4%&"c
c ("c 
c $&0c (!&c 5c %$!"c 5&$"c ($"c(&4&c&"!'c 'c $0c (&!"5&5&%"@c 5&"-$c  c !5c (&0c %$&c "7(&c 5&"-$cc &"? !5&c5$&c"$ 4c50c (; (!cc
c ("c50c!"4%&"c 55cc:&$!cc

cc

1c

cc

c c

c

c

cc

?
  c    


c  c c 
c  c 
c? 

c c 
c? 

c :&4!c )'2c &4&$c !"5&55& "@c ("((c -c

!c ;5 !5@c 05c

; "&"$$-c&";!5(c5&";c&5c&"! (;& "c&"c*<'c0&5c&5c(@c&"c$!4c!@c  c0c?;c0c !c ?c !c;5 !5c!D&!cc0&40c(4!c ?c;;!;-c&"c0c &"? !c & "c 0-c !c !"5&&"4c 8!c !c "1 !%'c
"(c 1&0c c (&4&$c !"5&55& "c5c  5(c c"$ 4c5-5c1c!c$c c"4c0cD$&-c ?c0c5&4"$c-c"4&"4c0c!8& 5$-c(&5;55(c!"5&55& "c&&!"5'c 05@c (&4&$c 5-55#c 'c !c c !c 51&;0&"4c &"!?;c 'c !c 5&!c  c $&$Ec)'! (;c;$!!c5&4"$5c  
c 
c
c (&4&$c 5&4"$c &5c c (&5;!c 5&4"$'c c &5c (&;(c 5c v
; "&" 5c :&4!c )'=c 99c &5;!$-c 8!&$c  " ??c 5c  5(c  c "c "$ 4c5&4"$c 10&;0c&5c; "&" 5$-c 8!&$c5&"c18c
c (&4&$c5&4"$c 05c 0c? $$ 1&"4c;0!;!&5&;5#c 'c $(5cc?&E(c8$c? !cc5;&?&;c$"40c ?c&c 'c5c50!@c!c;0"45c )'c
c!5c"!c ?c8$5c$$ 1(c ;0c$5c " ??c&5c%" 1"c5cc"'c>&c&5cc; "!;& "c ?c0c1 !(5c&"!-c "(c (&4&c
c &"!-c 1 9$8$c 5&4"$c c !c c &5c 0c  5c ;  "c (&4&$c 5&4"$c &"c0c$; "&;& "c &"(5!-'c0c "!c ?c &5c!"5&(c !c 5; "(c&5c0c&c!c ?c0c5&4"$'c  c; "8!c"$ 4c5&4"$5c c(&4&$c5&4"$5@cc; (&"4c5-5c;$$(c$5c (c

($& "c :&4!c)'*@c !c c&5c5('c0&5c! ;55c&5c$5 c;$$(c
"$ 49  9&4&$@c !c
@c ; "8!5& "'c /0"c ;0"4&"4c c (&4&$c 5&4"$c  c "c "$ 4c 5&4"$@c0c! ;55c&5c;$$(c&4&$9 9
"$ 4@c !c
@c; "8!5& "'c ? c
c c 
 cc

c

cc

$5c  (c ($& "c  c ; "8!5c "$ 4c 5&4"$5c  c c (&4&$c ? !c 5&4"$'c0&5c! ;55c05c? !c55c:&4!c)'#c

c  c c
c :!D";&5c $ 1c )c ,c "(c  8c )3c ,c  &;c :!D";-c !"4c !c ?&$!(c?! c0c"$ 4c5&4"$c:&4!c)''c0c$ 1!c?!D";&5c!c?&$!(c c c ! 8c $;!&;$c " &5c &"(;(c ?! c 0c  1!c $&"5'c 0c !c ?!D";&5c !c ?&$!(c c ;5c 0-c !D&!c ((&& "$c &5c "(c ((c  c 0c ; 5c ?c c (&4&$c !"5&55& "c 5-5'c0c;$c "(1&(0c ?c0c?&$!(c 5&4"$c &5c )c ,c )3c 9c )'cc&5c ?"c!?!!(c c5c3c%,'c  c? c
c 0c"$ 4c5&4"$c&5c5$(c=c&5c!c5; "(c:&4!c)''c0c!cc 10&;0c0c"$ 4c 5&4"$c&5c5$(c &5c!$(c c0c 0&405c ?!D";-c !5"c &"c0c 5&4"$'c 0&5c &5c 5(c "c 0c -D&5c 5$&"4c 0 !'c "c 0&5c ;$;$& "5@c -D&5c 5(cc8 &;c?!D";-c!"4c ?c3c,c10&;0c!!5"5c0c8 &;c?!D";-c!"4c 0c; "&"5cF&"$$&4"Fc5;0'c05@c0c5"(!(c;cc5$&"4c!c ?c=c ,@c !c 1&;c 0c "(1&(0'c 0c 5&4"$c 0c &5c 0c !5$c ?c 0c 5$&"4c ! ;55c ; "&"5c 5??&;&"c &"? !& "c  c ;;!$-c !!5"c 0c &"? !& "c ; "&"(c &"c

cc

0c !&4&"$c 5&4"$'c 0c c ?c 0&5c 5$&"4c ! ;(!c &5c c $5c
$&(c

($(@c !c
@c5&4"$'c  c?

c! "c

"c0c0&!(c5c ?c0c
c; "8!5& "c! ;55@c1cD"&,c0c$&(c ?c 0c &"; &"4c 5$5c c "c ?c ++c$&(5c "c c D"&,&"4c 5;$c :&4!c )')'c 05@c&"c0&5c5c0c5$(c5&4"$c&5c;0(c cc54"(c5;$'c0c! 5c ?c 5c 0!c &5c  c 5!c 0c $&(c  !c 0&40c ?c 0c 
c 5&4"$c "(c 55&4"c c (;&$c8$c0c(?&"5c0c$&('c>5(c "c0cD"&,&"4c5;$@c;0c5$(c 5&4"$c&5c55&4"(cc"!c1"cc"(cG2c c(?&"c&5c$&('c  c c # c "c 0c ? !0c 5c ?c 0c
c ; "8!5& "c ! ;55@c 0c D"&,(c5$5c!c"; ((c&" cc(&4&$c&c5!c5!&5c ?c$;!&;$c$55'c
c (&4&$c "; (!#c ; 4"&,5c 0c ++c (&??!"c 8 $4c $8$5c ?c 0c D"&,(c 5$5'c "8!5c;0c&" cc5;&?&;c5!&"4c ?c &40c&5c$5c"(c5c0c!!5"cc !&;$!c8 $4c8$'c:&4!c)'3c&5c0$?$c? !c"(!5"(&"4c0c&"!-c; (c5(c &"c 0c "; (&"4c 5'c ;0c &c  5&& "c &"c 0c =9&c 1 !(c -c &5c 4&8"c c (;&$c 1&40cc c5 c 1!@cE;c? !c0c?&!5c&c 5&& "'c0c?&!5c&c 5&& "#c 5&"4c 0&5c; (&"4c5;0@c1c;"c; (c"-c"!c1"cG2c"(c92c"(c,! 'c : !cE$@c&?c0c
c5&4"$c 5!5cG3+c "c0cD"&,&"4c5;$@c0c c ?c 0c "; (&"4c 5c &5c c :&4!c )'+'c 0&5c &"!-c "!c  !c =c &c 1 !(c &5c !"5&(c 8!c0c"1 !%c5cc5!&5c ?c$;!&;$c !c &;$c$55'c0&5c5!&5c ?c $55c&5c;$$(cc(&4&$c&c5!'c0c c! ;55c!D&!5cc<3@c5c;0""$c  c "; (c c 3c %,c (& c &"c 5&4"$c ;5#c =@c 5$55;'c Hc =c &51 !(5c Ic <3@c5c0&5c&5c%" 1"c5c0cc&4&$c&4"$cc !c :c &;c:!D";-c&"c 0c(&4&$c0&!!;0-'cc&5c0c5&;c&$(&"4c$ ;%c ?c0c(&4&$c"1 !%'c &4&$9 9
"$ 4c "8!5& "c
c0c!;&8c"(c ?c0c!"5&55& "@c0c(&4&$c5&4"$c -c "(c  c c ; "8!(c ;%c  c &5c "$ 4c ? !'c 0c (&4&$9 9"$ 4c 
c ; "8!5& "c; "5&55c ?c1 c55c:&4!c)'<#c ;0c=9&c1 !(c-c0c"!5c0c (; (!c!5$5c &"c "c
c 5&4"$c 8$'c0c (; (!#c(5c0c =9&c &"!-c 1 !(c &"5c !5c c 5!c ?c =@c $55c !c 5; "(c 05c $55c 08c "c $&(c

cc

8$c ?c G2c  c 92'c !c E$c &5c G3+'c 0c ?&$!&"4c ! ;55c 5 05c c 0c 5!c ?c=@c$55c!c5; "(c&" c"c"$ 4c18? !c0c;$ 5$-c!5$5c0c 18? !c 0c 15c &"c &" c 0c
c ; "8!!c c 0c !&4&"&"4c "('c 0c ?&$!c 5 !5cc!c ?c;0c$5J5c"!4-c"(c5$ 1$-c!$55c&c"&$c0c"Ec$5c!!&85'c 0c?&$!c05c!; "5!;5c0c"$ 4c5&4"$ccc!c ?c=@c&5c!c5; "('c &4&$c 0""$c >"%5c !c 9>"%5c
c (8&;c 0c ( 5c 0c "$ 49 9(&4&$c "(c (&4&$9 9"$ 4c; "8!5& "c! ;55c&5c;$$(c9>"%c:&4!c)'2@c0&5c&5c;  "$-c 5(c 1&0c "$ 4c 51&;05'c "c 0c 5"(&"4c 5&(#c "c  c 0c 9>"%c &5c "c "$ 4c 5&4"$'c c?! c c 9>"%c &5cc (&4&$c5&4"$c&"c0c ? !c ?cc &c5!'c "c 0c !;&8c 5&(#c "c c0c 9>"%c &5c0c c5&4"$'cc ?! c0c 9>"%c &5c"c "$ 4c5&4"$'c 0c 9>"%c 05c 1 c !&!-c ?";& "5#c
c ; "8!5& "c 9c 
c $&$E&"4c 9c $&$E&"4c&c&8&5& "c $&$E&"4c &c (&8&5& "c $&$E&"4c  c &5c c (&4&$c $&$E&"4c ;0"&D'c "c  @c c "!c ?c $ 1c !c ;0""$5c !c ?(c &" c c $&$E!c '4'@c c >"%@c 10&;0c ; &"5c 0c &" c "c 0&40c !c (&4&$c 5&4"$c :&4!c )'='c ;0c ?c 0c 3c

:8 &;c?!D";-c;0""$5c&5c55&4"(cc5;&?&;c&c5$ c-c0c &c &8&5& "c $&$E!'c 05@c  c &5c c ! ;55c -c 10&;0c 58!$c (&4&$c 5&4"$5c !c ; &"(c " c c 5&"4$c 0c "(c 5"c 5D"&$$-'c $&"4c 0&5c ;%c  c 0c 
c ! ;55#c0c"$ 4c5&4"$c&5c5$(c=c&5cc5; "('c0!c1&$$cc=@c&409 &c 1 !(5c !"5&(c !c 5; "('c 05c 1 !(5c 1&$$c c =c 5; "(c  !c +c &;! 5; "(5c!'c "c 0c 5"(!(c  !0c
!&;"c  c 5-5@c 3c ;0""$5c !c &c (&8&5& "c $&$E(c  40!c "(c !"5&(c 8!c c ;  "c 0'c 0&5c ;  "c 0c &5c %" 1"c 5cc (&4&$c ;!!&!c 5-5c "(c !5cc0c c!c '+33c 5'c 5&"4c  @c0c 3c ;0""$5c!c5$(c 5D"&$$-'c :&!5@c;0""$c "c &5c 5$(c0"c ;0""$c 1 c &5c 5$(@c"(c 5 c "'c05c 5$5c!c0"c 55(c "c cc ;  "c D"&,!"; (!c 10!c 0-c !c ; "8!(c &" c c 5&"4$c &c5!'c "c ; !&5 "#c :&4!c)'*c: c&5c5&$" 5'c c&5c5D"&$'c0c $&$E&"4cD&"c ; "5c0c&5'c3c;0""$5cHc=c&c1 !(5cIc*c&5c/0"c&c!;05c*@c&c1&$$c((c "c ?!&"4c &c ? !c &&"4@c "(c 5!c 8!'c
((&& "$$-@c 0! 40 c 0c (&4&$c

cc

"1 !%c!4"!&8c!!5c:&4!c)'c!c5(c cF!;!Fc0c !&4&"$c5&4"$@c 05c !(;&"4c !"5&55& "c &&!"5c ? "(c &"c 0c "$ 4c "1 !%'c 0c F4"Fc $5 c?&$!5c c" &5'c  
c$ c 0c (&4&$c 0&!!;0-c :&4!c )'c !!5"5c 0c 5"(!(c !5c -c 10&;0c (&4&$c ; "&;& "5c !c 5"c &"c  !0c
!&;'c 0c 5&;c &$(&"4c $ ;%c ?c 0c (&4&$c 0&!!;0-c&5c0cc!cc<3c5'c!c0c $&$-&"4c=9&c1 !(5c-c0c 5$&"4c!c ?c=c&55; "(c! (;5c0c<3@c5c!'c/&0c&c&8&5& "c

$&$E&"4@c$&$E&"4c-c"c((&& "$c3c&c5$ 5c"(c&";$(&"4c=c?!&"4c &5c ? !c &&"4c &"? !& "c ! (;5c 0c @+33@c 5c !c '+33c 5'c c &5c ; "5&(!(c0c4&""&"4c ?c0&40c;;&-c(&4&$c!"5&55& "c!5'c  
c%c c%c c&5c0c4"!&;c!&" $ 4-c? !cc&!c4&"c5-5c &"c0c$ ;$c$ 'c &%c$&$E&"4c&"c0c&"! ??&;c"8&! ""@c c55cc5-5c ?c3c;0""$5c&(c 40!c5&"4c&c(&8&5& "c$&$E&"4'c $&;%c 0!c ? !c "c &"? !&8c ;0!'c  5c !&"4c $;! "&;c ;0" $ 4-c  c 0c !(&& "$c ; 5$-c $ ;$c $ c ; "c ";& "5'c"c5!"c !5c $ ;$c$ c;0" $ 4-c&5c ??;(c -c !&(c 4! 10c "(c  8"@c 10&;0c !D&!5c ; 5$-c ;$c &"5$$& "c  c 5!8c "1c ;5 !5'c "c !!$c !5@c 05c $&"5c E"(c 8!c "-c &$5c  c 5!8c !$&8$-c?1c $'c>-c55&&"4c$;! "&;5c? !c;$@c 5c ??!c"c; " &;$c 1-c c5!8c05c!5'c!!&!c5-55c&";!5c0c"!c ?c;5 !5c5!8(c-c E&5&"4c?;&$&&5c'4'@c1&!c&!5'c  
c%c c  c :&4!5c )'3c Kc )'+c 0c ? !c &"c ;  ""5c ?c c  "9"4!(c &4&$c

c

!!&!c -5c !#c 'c "!$c ??&;c !&"$c c !? !5c  @c  @c ! ;& "c1&;0&"4@c
$!5@c-5c5@c55c!"%c
;;55@c &"c ";"!& "'c  c !D&!(c ? !c "c  c "4!(c  'c 'c  c !&"$c c ! 8&(5c >!-@c&"4&"4@c&4"$&"4@c"(c!8&5& "c?";& "5c c0c55;!&!c$&"'c!? !5c  @c  @c ! ;& "c 1&;0&"4@c
$!5@c -5c 5@c 5;!&!c &"c 5c

cc


;;55@c &"c  ";"!& "'c )'&4&$c :;&$&&5c 
;&8c "(c ! ;& "c 3' !c :;&$&&5c!(!c/&!c: !c&""";c$%&"4'c5;!&!c &"c5c-5'c  cc Ê
c c c   c  c   c c  c c  c c   c  c c   c   c c  c   c c c cc c
 cÊ
 
  Ê
c   c  c Ê
 
  
  Ê
c Ê
   
 cÊ
cÊ
Ê  
 ÊÊ
c  c c

 c   c  
 c  c c Ê
c  c  c  c     cÊ  cÊ
cc  c   c c c  c  c  c  c  c   c   c    c c  c   c  c  c   c  c  c  c c Ê  c   c

  c  c   c Ê
c  c  c   c    c c  c  c    c   c  c   c  c  c  c 
 c
c  c c c!  c c  c   c  c  c " c c  c c  c  c   c c   c      

   
   c 
    

     c  c  c  c " c c " c   c c c c
c c  c  c# c   c  c Ê
c   c  c   c    c  c  c  c c  c   c " c c  c  c  Ê  
    c   c$%c

cc

c c ÷
   ? c  c  c  
  
 c  c   c  c  c  c  c c c  !  c    c   c & c Ê
c  c  c  c  c  c  c  c  c   c  c   c !  c c  c  c  c  c  c   c  c   c  c  c " c # c   c c  c  
 
  c   c c

c $c'c(c) c 
 
 

p   c p  cc c   c!  c c ccc c   c  c  ! c c c    c c  c c c   c*  c  c c   c$cc   c  c c

cc

c $ccÊ cp  c +c  cc cc   c   c c ,-c  c ,.c    c   c   c    c
c  c  ! c c c  cc c c  c#c#  cc#/,.c 0c,-1c
c c   c c  c  ! c  c  c  c " c c   c +c c 2c  c 
/2c " c & c  c c   c  ! &  ! c   c    c c %c 'c 3c 4 c  c c  c  c  c5/%'3cc c5c  c ! c c  c5c
c cc c c c6cc5c  c ! c c6c  c # c    c c  ! c  c  c 2c c  c 3c  c   cc  c ! & ! c c   c cc  c   c 7c  c    c c    c  ! c   c  c  c c  c  c    c  ! c   c c c

  c c c c  c c

c & c ? c   c c c cc  c cc ! c   c c c   c  c   c  c c c 'c /c 2c  c    c  & c   c  c  c c c  c    c

  c c c  cc ! cc   c c  cc  cc ! c%c   c c  c%c

cc

 cc ! c'c   c c  c%c  cc ! cc   c c  c%%%c  cc ! c8c   c c  c%c  cc ! c9c   c c  c%%c  cc ! c:c   c c  c%%c  cc ! c3c   c c  c%%%c . c  c   c  & c   c  c c    c  c Ê
c c  c    c - c   c   c  c  c Ê
c  c  c    c c  c c  c c  c  c  c    c c ;   c c c c c cc
 !"c p c c

c  c c   c  c  c  c c c  c  c  c c   c c   c c   c    c  c   cc

c

cc

c

 0c+"Ê " 0#?&$5'(1!9%"("&'1" ('; +9(+3(+(+<(;'c 0#&$0(&-'$ 45 '; );'0$c 0#111'?9!;'; ?D ($& "'74c 0#111'!"(; 5'; $&(&!&"&"4! ("(L"1 !%51&" !&5;;& <&45 '4&?c 0#111';&5; '; &44&?15=)18? !M; (&"49'4&?c 0#111'!&8$&"'; "$0!
'0$c 

 11       1 1   1  &  1   1  1  =  ==c c

0c‘%  "

cc



cc



cc



cc



cc